Atlas of the Human Brain [4 ed.] 9780128028001

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Atlas of the Human Brain
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Dedication
Part 1: Three Atlases of the Brain in the Head
1.1 Materials and Methods
1.1.1 Anatomical Preparations
1.1.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
1.1.3 Preparation and Photography of the Anatomical Slices
1.1.4 Preparation of 100 μm Thick Frozen Histological Brain Sections
1.1.5 Presentation of the Images for the Three Atlases of the Brain in the Head
1.1.6 References
1.2 Horizontal Atlas of the Brainin the Head
1.3 Coronal Atlas of the Brainin the Head
1.4 Sagittal Atlas of the Brain in the Head
Part 2: Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space
2.1 Material and Methods
2.1.1 The Brain
2.1.2 Methods
2.1.3 Earlier Histological, Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Studies
2.1.4 Nomenclature
2.1.5 Photographic Plates and Corresponding Diagrams
2.1.6 Three-Dimensional Reconstructions
2.1.7 Standardization
2.1.8 Mapping of the Atlas Space to the Talairach-Space
2.1.9 Mapping of the Atlas Space to the MNI/ ICBM2009b Template
2.1.10 AHB Reconstruction with MNI/ICBM2009b Shape Constrain
2.1.11 Registration of the Histological Sections to the Reconstructed Volume
2.1.12 Use of the Atlas for the Interpretation of Individual in vivo Brains
2.1.13 Mapping of the Cortex Areas
2.1.14 Generation of the Linear Representation of Cortex “Stripes”
2.1.15 The Layout of the Myelo- and Cytoarchitectonic Stereotaxic Atlas in MNI Space
2.1.16 References
2.2 Surface Views
2.3 Plates, Figures and Diagrams
2.4 Horizontal and Sagittal Diagrams with Reduced Detail
2.5 Maps of Subcortical Areas
2.5.1 Thalamus by F. Forutan
2.5.2 Hypothalamus by Y. Koutcherov
2.6 Published Studies Referring to the Brain Represented in the Atlas of the Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
2.6.1 Histological, Morphometric and Histochemical Studies
2.6.2 References
Index
List of Structures
List of Abbreviations
Back Cover

Citation preview

Atlas of the Human Brain

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Atlas of the Human Brain 4th edition

Jürgen K. Mai Institute of Anatomy I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany

Milan Majtanik MR-X-Brain GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany

George Paxinos Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, UK 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Fourth edition Copyright © 2016, 2008, 2004, 1995 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-802800-1

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IV

Contents Part 1: Three Atlases of the Brain in the Head

1

1.1 Materials and Methods 1.1.1 Anatomical Preparations 1.1.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 1.1.3 Preparation and Photography of the Anatomical Slices 1.1.4 Preparation of 100 µm Thick Frozen Histological Brain Sections 1.1.5 Presentation of the Images for the Atlases of the Brain in the Head 1.1.6 References 1.2 Horizontal Atlas 1.3 Coronal Atlas 1.4 Sagittal Atlas

1 2 2 2 2 3 5 7 41 69

Part 2: Myelo- and Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space

85

86 2.1 Materials and Methods 2.1.1 The Brain 86 2.1.2 Methods 86 2.1.3 Earlier Histological, Morphometric, Immunohistochemical Studies 86 2.1.4 Nomenclature 86 2.1.5 Photographic Plates and Corresponding Diagrams 86 2.1.6 Three-Dimensional Reconstructions 86 2.1.7 Standardization 87 2.1.8 Mapping of the Atlas Space to the Talairach Space 87 2.1.9 Mapping of the Atlas Space to the MNI/ICBM2009b Template 88 2.1.10 Atlas of the Human Brain (AHB) Reconstruction with MNI/ICBM2009b Shape Constrain 89 2.1.11 Registration of the Histological Sections to the Reconstructed Volume 90 2.1.12 Use of the Atlas for the Interpretation of Individual in vivo/in vitro Brains 90 2.1.13 Mapping of the Cortex Areas 90 2.1.14 Generation of the Linear Representation of Cortex „Stripes“ 91 2.1.15 Layout of the Myelo- and Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space 91 2.1.16 References 94 2.2 Surface Views 95 2.3 Plates, Figures and Diagrams 101 2.4 Diagrams with Reduced Detail 400 2.4.1 Horizontal (axial) Diagrams 401 2.4.2 Sagittal Diagrams 409 2.5 Maps of Subcortical Areas 416 2.5.1 Thalamus 417 2.5.2 Hypothalamus 427 2.6 Published Studies Referring to the Brain Represented in the Myelo- and Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space 433 2.6.1 Histological, Morphometric and Histochemical Studies 433 2.6.2 References 439

Index

List of Structures



List of Abbreviations

440



445

V

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Preface The publication of the 4th Edition of Atlas of the Human Brain affords us the opportunity to include features which can be of assistance to the new fields of neuroscience – functional imaging, resting state imaging and tractography. Totally new in this edition is the inclusion of Nissl plates with delineation of cortical areas (Brodmann’s areas), the first time that these areas have been presented in serial histological sections.

This book consists of two major parts. They feature different aspects of brain morphology and topography.

Part 1: Three Atlases of the Brain in the Head They display the brain in the head sectioned in the three cardinal planes. It consists of serial 1-cm thick sections from three human heads that were previously scanned with MRI. Each head was sectioned either in the horizontal (axial), coronal, or sagittal plane. The sectioning of the brain in the skull ensures that no significant deformation of the brain occurred and allows correlation of bony landmarks, nerves, and blood vessels. In addition, included are X-ray images of the cadaver sections and MR-images from a healthy volunteer showing levels corresponding to those depicted in the Atlas plates.

Part 2: Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space (AHB) The AHB consists of a detailed myelo- and cytoarchitectonic atlas of the isolated brain in MNI space. It is represented by serial histological sections of one hemisphere with meticulous delineations. It displays 99 fiber-stained (myelin) sections accompanied by detailed diagrammatic delineations and 50 cell-stained (Nissl) sections of the right brain hemisphere. This brain was selected because it was sectioned well and stained well by the great anatomists Oscar and Cécile Vogt and has been studied in the last 80 years by a number of scientists, including H. Brockhaus, R. Hassler, A. Hopf, W. Wahren and F. Sanides. Selected sections which can optionally shown by virtual microscopy as well as the published literature referring to this brain can be accessed at the free website: www.thehumanbrain.info.

The 4th edition of the Atlas of the Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space contains: • 99 photographs of sections stained for myelin juxtaposed by 99 detailed diagrams. • 50 sections stained for cell bodies, interposed at half the frequency of the myelin series. The cell-stained sections are not diagrammed but are accompanied by high resolution photographs of cortical areas. • The photographs and diagrams represent the complete hemisphere and are placed in the MNI stereotaxic space. • In the cell-stained (Nissl) plates cortical delineations (Brodmann’s areas) (derived from Brodmann maps) are provided. • Parts of cortical areas are displayed at high magnification on the facing page of full page Nissl sections. We selected preferentially those areas which are thought to correspond with those published by von Economo and Koskinas (1925). • A novel way of depicting cortical areal pattern is used: the cortical cytoarchitectonic ribbon is unfolded and presented linearly, in registration with the interpretation of earlier authors as we perceive their work. • Low magnification diagrams in the horizontal (axial) and sagittal planes are included, calculated from the 3D model of the Atlas brain. The magnification of the photographs is higher than the diagrams because in this way the photographs can be bled for the sake of greater resolution. Rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum and caudal to the splenium we used higher and varying magnification, dictated by the availability of space. Between the two anterior-posterior extremes of the corpus callosum we kept the magnification of the photographs constant. Reproduction of Figures by Users of the Atlas As producer, J.K.M. is happy for the atlas figures to be reproduced in other publications and gives permission for the reproduction of any figure from the atlas in other publications for non-commercial scholarly purposes, provided that the atlas is cited. Permission from the publisher may be sought on-line via Copyright Clearance Center’s Rightslink® service (http://www.copyright.com/rightsholders/ rightslink-permissions/) or contact the

Elsevier Permissions Department: phone: (+1) 800-523-4069 x 3808, email: [email protected]. How to cite this book: Mai JK, Majtanik M and Paxinos G (2016). Atlas of the Human Brain 4th ed., Academic Press. Acknowledgements This long lasting endeavour came to fruition because of the continued interest, and help of many persons. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the tremendous generosity of the late Prof. Adolf Hopf, the successor of Oskar Vogt. He nurtured this project from its inception. We thank Josef Assheuer for his major input to the first two editions. The authors received invaluable assistance in delineation from Herwig Lange (Cortex), Farhad Forutan (Thalamus), Ricardo Insausti (Temporal Lobe) and Yuri Koutcherov (Hypothalamus). We are greatly indebted to Azarias Karamanlidis (University of Thessaloniki, Greece) for valuable comments and scholarly advice on nomenclature and correcting a number of errors while preparing the Greek edition. We are grateful to Christine OpfermannRüngeler and Laurentius Lanta for commitment to excellence in the preparation of artwork and design of the book. Ursula Lammersen has imaged our sections with the high resolution digital microscope with great skill and dedication. Special thanks go to Thomas Voß, Raul Grieben, Dominik Löchel, Jens Bongartz and Christoph Vogelbusch for invaluable work on mathematical modelling and image transformation algorithms referring to the Atlas. We have had the professional guidance of a talented editor, Mica Haley of Elsevier/ Academic Press who supported this edition with dedication. We acknowledge support for this project from the Society of Friends and Supporters of the Heinrich-Heine-University at Düsseldorf. George Paxinos was supported by an NHMRC fellowship. The sponsorship by the Jörg Bernards-Stiftung, Cologne, and the private entrepreneurship by Miroslaw Pienkowski, Trinon GmbH, Karlsruhe was essential because none of the applications for support from the German research agencies were successful. In this we are in good company in that Korbinian Brodmann who was also refused funding by German funding bodies that should have supported him. Finally, our thoughts go with gratitude to those, who provided their bodies for educational and research purposes in anatomy.

VII

DEDICATION: To Joseph Assheuer and Thomas Voß for their major contribution to the earlier editions of this work

VIII

Part 1: Three Atlases of the Brain in the Head Horizontal Atlas:

Coronal Atlas:

Sagittal Atlas:

1

1.1 Materials and Methods In our understanding it is important to see the brain embedded into its environment. This part displays the brain in the head sectioned in three different cut angles. It consists of serial 1-cm thick sections from three human heads that were previously scanned with MRI. Each head was sectioned either in the horizontal (axial), coronal, or sagittal plane. The sectioning of the brain in the skull ensures that no significant deformation of the brain occurred and allows correlation of bony landmarks, nerves, and blood vessels. In addition, included are X-ray images of the cadaver sections and MR-images from a healthy volunteer showing levels corresponding to those depicted in the atlas plates.

ding the figures of the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal sections within the three Atlases). In vivo/in vitro correlation was performed to determine the effect of the absence of blood flow, cessation of metabolism, fixation procedures and temperature on relaxation times, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast. To perform this comparative analysis between living and post-mortem tissue, the heads of two volunteers and of two cadaver heads were scanned with the 0.15 Tesla superconductive magnet (Vista 2035, Picker International) using single-slice technique with SE and inversion recovery (IR) sequences with the following parameters: SE (TR: 200, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400 ms combined with TE: 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160 ms) and IR (TR: 620, 1240, 2480 ms combined with TI: 32, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 ms). The slice thickness was 5 mm with a matrix of 256 x 256 and a field of view of 250 mm.

The three heads were obtained from bodies donated to the Department of Anatomy, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf. The studies were performed in accordance with established ethical standards. The cadavers were perfused via the radial veins first with physiological saline and then with fixative containing 10% formalin, glycerol, and Incidin (© Henkel, Düsseldorf). The heads were covered with linen and fixative to prevent drying out between MRI and freezing.

N(H) in-vitro / N(H) in-vivo (%)

1.1.1 Anatomical Preparations 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 VB

WM

CP

ON

GM

RN

HI

OF

TM

1000

2

800

T2 in ms

Immediately after the MR scans, the heads were frozen in a -45°C freezer and later sliced at 1-cm thickness either in the horizontal, oblique coronal, and sagittal plane. The oblique coronal plane was angulated by –20°, such that the plane of the section is parallel to the brainstem axis and corresponds to the major ascending and descending fiber tracts.

in-vivo in-vitro

900

600 500 400

200 100 0 CSF

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WM

CP

ON

GM

RN

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1000 1548

900

in-vivo in-vitro

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The head slices were then photographed together with a scale bar. Each 1 cm slice was x-rayed separately. Its blood vessels were then filled with radio-opaque material and demonstrated by another x-ray. The course of the larger vessels within each slice was then drawn and combined with the x-ray. The resulting images are shown at the lowest panel in the left column next to the photos and diagrams of the slices (except for the horizontal plane).

T1 in ms

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

In vitro imaging: MRI scans of the anatomical preparations are presented ahead of the macroscopic atlases. Scans and measurements were performed on a 0.15 Tesla superconductive magnet (Vista 2035, Picker International) in 1985. We used a multislice double-echo sequence [spin-echo sequence (SE) 5000/40/160] with four excitations to render proton (N(H))- and T2-weighted images. These scans are presented in the pages prece-

In vivo imaging: MRI scans of a healthy volunteer are presented at each atlas level. For in vivo imaging we used a 3 Tesla imager (Siemens Magnetom Trio) with the following protocols: TR 2500, TE 4.79 and TR 3000, TE 355. The slice thickness was 0.6 mm with a matrix of 320 x 320. These images are presented in Sections 1.2 to 1.4 facing each macroscopic anatomical section.

SE- Seq. IR-Seq.

300

MRI Scans: MRI scans were performed in the horizontal, coronal, sagittal, and oblique coronal planes according to a standardized protocol (Assheuer et al., 1990). The corresponding section planes were defined by the intercommissural line and verticals intersecting this line in the center of the anterior and posterior commissures, except for the oblique coronal plane which was chosen to be parallel to the long axis of the brainstem (Meynert’s plane).

Compared with the in vivo results, the in vitro tissues show large, nonlinear reduction in T1 relaxation times and N(H) values and small (negligible) changes in T2 relaxation times. A stable correlation exists between the in vitro and in vivo relaxation curves. For further details see Longerich (1989).

1.1.3 Preparation and Photography of the Anatomical Slices

700

1.1.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

T1 (spin-lattice relaxation) times, T2 (spinspin relaxation) times, and N(H) (proton density) values of the in vivo and in vitro tissues are represented in Fig. 1.

VB

WM

CP

ON

GM

RN

HI

OF

TM

Figure 1.1 Comparison between living and post-mortem tissue. T1 (spin-lattice relaxation) times, T2 (spin-spin relaxation) times, and N(H) values were measured from the same areas under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The N(H) values were calculated from SE-sequences (red squares) and IR-sequences (black squares). They are presented as quotient of in vitro values to in vivo values in %. Abbreviations: CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; VB: vitreous body; OF: orbital fat; ON: optic nerve; HI: hippocampus; WM: white matter; GM: gray matter, CP: cerebral peduncle; RN: red nucleus; TM: temporalis muscle. (Data from Longerich, 1989).

Later, the brain slices were removed from the skull. The head and neck structures were dissected in order to demonstrate the topographic relations within the 1-cm slices. The 1-cm brain slices were mounted according to their in vivo situation to physically reconstruct the brain. After removal of the arachnoid mater photographs were made to document the gyrification pattern. These photographs form the basis of the diagrams preceding each of the three Atlases of the Brain in the Head, taking into account the 1-mm loss of tissue at every 1-cm level due to the sawing.

1.1.4 Preparation of 100 μm Thick Frozen Histological Brain Sections After removal from the surrounding skull and photography of the assembled brain 1-cm slices, these were immersed for 48 hours in a fixative containing 4% formalin and 30% sucrose. Each slice was then positioned on a freezing stage (30 x 20 cm) of a microtome (Fig. 1.2a) and a mould was placed around it into which the mounting medium (methylcellulose dissolved in water and stained with various chromogens) was poured. After cooling down to -20°C, fiducial marks were made (Fig. 1.2b) and the blockface was photographed together with a scale bar prior to taking each section (Fig. 1.2c). Sections taken at 100-µm thickness were transferred to individual containers

filled with phosphate-buffered saline (plus 30% sucrose). The photographs which were taken from the blockface aided correct mounting of the sections. All sections were mounted and then stained (with either toluidine blue or cresyl violet) for Nissl substance or (with hematoxylin or Sudan black B) for myelinated fibers. By means of the fiducial marks the single sections were compiled in a sequence from rostral to caudal. 3-D reconstructions were made from the blockface images obtained during the sectioning process using the AMIRA (© FEI Visualization Sciences Group) software system (Fig. 1.2d). In addition tracings of pial and ventricular surfaces as well as of the outlines of segmented internal structures were used for a vector model using a program developed by L. Teckhaus, MPI Dortmund.

1.1.5 Presentation of the Images for the Three Atlases of the Brain in the Head We represent the head with the brain in three different cut angles: horizontal/ axial, sagittal and coronal. The coronal section angle was not orthogonal to the others but tilted by -20° which results in a cut angle that is perpendicular to the brainstem (Meynert) axis. This displays the major ascending and descending long fiber tracts. All representations of anatomical head and brain slices are mounted in the same way: Each Atlas begins with in vitro MR image series in all three cardinal planes of the unsectioned head on which it was based (Fig. 1.3). Sagittal plane:

a

b

y´- direction:

z´- direction:

c

d

Figure 1.3. Each series of sections is headed by in vitro MR-images of the head which were taken prior to sectioning. To provide a comprehensive view of the head, MR-images are shown in all three orthogonal planes This allows a better orientation in the three-dimensional space and helps to recognize the topography of selected structures. The images appear in low quality because they were produced in the 1980-ties with one of the first commercial MR-systems.

The following two pages within each of the horizontal, oblique coronal and sagittal atlases present surface views of the brains showing their gross morphology together with the delineation of the main gyri and sulci (Fig. 1.4 and 1.5). The gyri are consistently color-coded through the three Atlases of the Brain in the Head (see page 5).

Figure 1.2. (a) Cryosectioning device consisting of the Tetrander (“Pantomikrotom“; see Vogt, 1905), a self-built freezing table, photograph stand (fixed to the vertical rectangle), and tube holder for dry ice. (b) Frozen tissue block overlaid with a 1 cm thick slab from plastic with drill holes providing a matrix of 1x1 cm distance and securing precise perpendicular orientation of cannulas used for punch marking. (c) Fixed slice of the hemisphere (represented in Section 2.2) embedded in methylcellulose and showing section surface with scales and punch marks (fiducial marks used later for topographic adjustment of sections). (d) Screenshot of the 3D reconstruction generated from the blockface images obtained during sectioning of the brain represented in Section 2.2).

The main part of each of these atlases represents the anatomical head and brain slices. They display surface views of 1-cm thick slices through the head either as photographs or colour-coded schematic drawing. Each physical page of the atlas represents one 1-cm thick slice, with the right hand page of the open book page (odd numbered page) displaying the anterior view of the slice and the back page 3

VCA

VCA

ICL

Figure 1.4. The page following the MR images depicts surface views of the brain. The mid-sagittal views, additionally, provide the stereotaxic proportional grid system of Talairach (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988). Every brain structure shown in the following sections can thus be adjusted to the coordinate system of the Talairach stereotaxic space (see section 2.1.8).

(even numbered page) displaying the posterior view of the same 1-cm slice. In this way, an open book page displays the facing surfaces of adjacent slices (Fig. 1.6). This allows the pursuit of any structure of interest throughout the series of sections. In an analogous way, for the horizontal atlas, the physical page displays the dorsal and ventral view of the same slice. In the coronal plane, the physical page

Figure 1.5. The next page presents the lateral and midsagittal views of the brain which has been sectioned, together with the placement of each 1-cm slice indicated. One of these section plans is placed (as „Locator“) on each page of the atlas to indicate the location of the depicted slice.

shows the front view (drawing) and the back view (photograph) of the same slice. In the sagittal plane, the physical page displays the lateral and medial views of the same slice. On the even-numbered pages the photographs and the corresponding drawings of the anatomical slices are supplemented by a radiogram of the 1-cm slice (bot-

Figure 1.6. The photographs and schematic drawings are mounted such that every section is seen from both sides. They are arranged on the pages in a consistent way: the open atlas (showing two pages) displays the opposing surfaces of the slices as if separated by the knife.

tom left) and by two MR-images of the corresponding location from a healthy, 25 year old volunteer. The MR-images differ with respect to T1, T2 and proton density (N(H)) contrast. The radiogram of the real section displays the vascular territories supplied by the main arteries and (in most sections) the segments of extracranial arteries which are located within the particular slice (Fig. 1.7).

3

6 5

1

2

7 11

8

9

4

10 Figure 1.7. Layout of a typical double page in the three Atlases of the Brain in the Head. Photograph (1) and drawing (2) of the cut surface of 1-cm thick slices through the head and brain and the corresponding drawings of the brain after removal from the skull (4) are arranged in a way that displays the opposing surfaces of the slices. The locator on each page (3) indicates the position of the slice with the arrow pointing to the surface which is shown on this page. The position of the brain slices (4) is highlighted by the bar on the locator (5). In the diagrams the cortical gyri and sulci and subcortical struc-

4

tures are segmented and color coded (see next page) for easy registration with neighboring slices. On the even pages in vivo MR-images of a volunteer are shown which are carefully matched to the anatomic slice. (7,8). The scan parameters are indicated when they first appear in each Atlas. The radiograph of the demonstrated slice outlines the vascular territories supplied by the carotic and vertebral arteries (9) and segments of extracranial arteries which are located within the particular slice (10). The index (11) in the coronal and sagittal Atlases lists intracranial and extracranial structures separately.

We have tried to represent the images in a way that allows the structures to be easily followed throughout the section planes. One means is by the use of a

Figure 1.8. 3-dimensional reconstruction of muscles of the head and neck using segmentations of the macroscopic atlas. Source: Schumann (2006).

MusclesMuscles of headof head Masticatory Masticatory musclesmuscles

massetermasseter muscle muscle lateral pterygoid lateral pterygoid muscle muscle medial pterygoid medial pterygoid muscle muscle temporalistemporalis muscle muscle

Facial muscles Facial muscles

auricularisauricularis muscle muscle buccinatorbuccinator muscle muscle corrugatorcorrugator supercilii supercilii muscle muscle depressordepressor anguli orisanguli muscle oris muscle depressordepressor labii inferioris labii muscle inferioris muscle depressordepressor supercilii supercilii muscle muscle levator anguli levator orisanguli muscle oris muscle levator labii levator superioris labii superioris muscle muscle mentalis muscle mentalis muscle nasalis muscle nasalis muscle occipitofrontalis occipitofrontalis muscle muscle orbicularisorbicularis oculi muscle oculi muscle orbicularisorbicularis oris muscle oris muscle platysma platysma risorius muscle risorius muscle major zygomaticus major zygomaticus muscle muscle minor zygomaticus minor zygomaticus muscle muscle

Extra-ocular Extra-ocular musclesmuscles

levator palpebrae levator palpebrae superiorissuperioris muscle muscle inferior oblique inferiormuscle oblique muscle superior oblique superiormuscle oblique muscle inferior rectus inferior muscle rectus muscle lateral rectus lateral muscle rectus muscle medial rectus medial muscle rectus muscle superior rectus superior muscle rectus muscle

Laryngeal Laryngeal musclesmuscles

aryepiglotticus aryepiglotticus muscle muscle arytenoidarytenoid muscle muscle

MusclesMuscles of soft palate of soft and palate fauces and fauces levator veli levator palatini velimuscle palatini muscle palatoglossus palatoglossus muscle muscle tensor velitensor palatini velimuscle palatini muscle uvulae muscle uvulae muscle

consistent color scheme (see below). The other is the adjustment of the contour lines in the drawings in a way that they fit to the real 3D organization. Two examp-

les, the 3D organization of the muscles of the head and neck and the organization of the fascia, as derived from Atlas figures, are presented in Fig. 1.8 and Fig. 1.9.

Figure 1.9. Alignment of serial drawings through the head and neck from the horizontal Atlas for visualization of fascial tissue spaces. Source: http://teaching.thehumanbrain.info/

MusclesMuscles of neckof neck

Gyri

digastric muscle digastric muscle geniohyoid geniohyoid muscle muscle longus capitis longus muscle capitis muscle longus colli longus muscle colli muscle mylohyoidmylohyoid muscle muscle inferior oblique inferiorcapitis oblique muscle capitis muscle superior oblique superiorcapitis oblique muscle capitis muscle omohyoidomohyoid muscle muscle anterior rectus anterior capitis rectus muscle capitis muscle lateral rectus lateral capitis rectus muscle capitis muscle rectus capitis rectus post. capitis major post. muscle major muscle rectus capitis rectus post. capitis minor post. muscle minor muscle scaleni muscles scaleni muscles sternocleidomastoid sternocleidomastoid muscle muscle stylohyoidstylohyoid muscle muscle thyrohyoidthyrohyoid muscle muscle

MusclesMuscles of backof back iliocostalisiliocostalis cervicis muscle cervicis muscle interspinalis interspinalis muscle muscle intertransversari intertransversari muscles muscles levator scapulae levator scapulae muscle muscle longissimus longissimus capitis muscle capitis muscle longissimus longissimus cervicis muscle cervicis muscle multifidusmultifidus muscle muscle semispinalis semispinalis capitis muscle capitis muscle semispinalis semispinalis cervicis muscle cervicis muscle spinalis muscle spinalis muscle splenius capitis splenius muscle capitis muscle splenius cervicis spleniusmuscle cervicis muscle trapezius trapezius muscle muscle

MusclesMuscles of pharynx of pharynx

inferior constrictor inferior constrictor muscle muscle middle constrictor middle constrictor muscle muscle superior constrictor superior constrictor muscle muscle palatopharyngeus palatopharyngeus muscle muscle salpingopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus muscle muscle stylopharyngeus stylopharyngeus muscle muscle

MusclesMuscles of tongue of tongue

genioglossus genioglossus muscle muscle hyoglossus hyoglossus muscle muscle intrinsic muscles intrinsic muscles palatoglossus palatoglossus muscle muscle styloglossus styloglossus muscle muscle

anterior angular gyrus anterior cortical amygdaloid n. ambiens gyrus Area orbitoinsularis anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part anterior orbital gyrus, medial part area piriformis insulae Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division striate area basal operculum cingulate gyrus anterior central operculum posterior central operculum dentate gyrus entorhinal cortex frontomarginal gyrus frontal operculum fusiform gyrus, post. part fusiform gyrus gyrus descendens hippocampus hippocampal head isthmus of cingulate gyrus inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part inferior frontopolar gyrus insular gyrus inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part inferior lingual gyrus, medial part inferior lingual gyrus inferior occipital gyrus inferior temporal gyrus inferior temporopolar region insula lateral orbital gyrus lingual gyrus (O5) limen insulae middle frontal gyrus middle frontopolar gyrus medial occipital gyrus medial orbital gyrus middle sagittal gyrus middle temporal gyrus

occipital gyrus olfactory area periamygdaloid cortex posterior angular gyrus precommissural archicortex precallosal gyrus postcentral insular cortex paracentral lobule precuneus parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area parahippocampal gyrus parainsular region posteromedial orbital lobule parietal operculum posterior orbital gyrus planum polare, lat. part planum polare perirhinal cortex parastriate area paraterminal gyrus planum temporale piriform cortex, frontal part piriform cortex, temporal part postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus presubiculum rostral gyrus subiculum subcallosal area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal gyrus, lateral part superior frontal gyrus, medial part superior frontopolar gyrus straight gyrus superior lingual gyrus supramarginal gyrus superior occipital gyrus, lat. part superior occipital gyrus, medial part superior parietal lobule superior temporal gyrus transverse insular gyrus temporooccipital transition zone tempopolar gyrus ant. transverse temporal gyrus post. transverse temporal gyrus

1.1.6 References

Schumann. J. Segmentierung von Kopf-Halsmuskelstrukturen im MR-DICOM-Bild und deren 3DRekonstruktion. Thesis, University of Düsseldorf (2006).

Assheuer, J. Lanta, L., Longerich, U.J.J. Sievert, T. and Mai, J.K. Standardisierung der cerebralen Bilddarstellung in der Magnetresonanz tomographie (MRT). RöFo, 153: 296- 302 (1990).

Sievert, T. Topometrie des menschlichen Gehirns: Evaluation eines Verfahrens zur Integration morphologisch-funktioneller Daten aus histologischen Schnitten in die klinische Diagnostik. Thesis, University of Düsseldorf (1992).

Lange, H. and G. Thörner. Zur Neuroanatomie und Neuropathologie des Corpus striatum, Globus pallidus und Nucleus subthalamicus beim Menschen. Thesis, University of Düsseldorf (1974). Longerich, U. MRI-Untersuchungen an in-vivo und in-vitro Gehirngewebe: Einfluß von Fixierung und Temperatur auf das Relaxationsverhalten, die Protonendichte und das Kontrastverhalten. Thesis, University of Düsseldorf (1989).

Talairach, J., Tournoux P. Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York (1988). Vogt, O. Das Pantomikrotom des Neurobiologischen Laboratoriums. J. Psychol. Neurol. 6: 121125 (1905)

5

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1.2 Horizontal Atlas of the Brain in the Head

7

Sagittal plane:

y´- direction:

z´- direction:

MR-images of the head shown on the following pages. The head whose horizontal sections are depicted on pages 11-40 was imaged before sectioning. Parameters: 0.15 Tesla, matrix 256 x 256, field of view 25 cm, multi-slice, slice thickness 5 mm, 4 excitations, sequence: 5000/40. The contrast

8

of these images is poor since they are highly proton-density (N(H)) weighted. The top panel presents the sagittal MRIs and specifies the planes of sectioning of the middle and lower panel. As can be seen the angle of sectioning of the two lower

panels is about 45° tilted against the plane of sectioning for the anatomic slices. This was aimed to provide a more comprehensive view of the head.

VCA

VCA

ICL

Surface views of the brain which is shown in the subsequent pages. The most important gyri are deline-

ated. The midsagittal views depict the brain with the stereotaxic space (ICL: intercommissural line, VCA: plane

which is vertical to the intercommissural line at the level of the center of the anterior commissure).

9

Surface views of the right hemisphere of the brain which has been sectioned in the horizontal plane as

10

indicated. The drawing of the lateral aspect has been mirror-imaged in order to demonstrate the correspon-

dence of section levels between convexity and midline structures.

1

(dorsal view)

MFG PoG PrG SFG SPL

middle frontal gyrus postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus superior parietal lobule

10 mm

SFG SFG

MFG

SFG

PrG PrG

PoG SPL SPL

PoG

SPL

11

1

(ventral view)

Volunteer MRI

2500/5

10 mm

Volunteer MRI

SFG

SFG MFG PrG

3000/355

PrG

SPL SPL

acer

12

PoG

2

(dorsal view)

acer MFG

anterior cerebral artery middle frontal gyrus

PrG SFG SPL

precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus superior parietal lobule

PoG

postcentral gyrus

10 mm

SFG MFG

SFG MFG

PrG PrG PoG

PoG

PoG

PoG

SPL SPL

13

2

(ventral view)

10 mm

SFG

SFG

MFG

MFG

PrG PoG PrG

PCL

PoG SPL AnG mcer

acer

14

SPL

AnG

3

(dorsal view)

acer AnG mcer MFG OcG PCL PoG PrG SFG SMG SPL

anterior cerebral artery angular gyrus middle cerebral artery middle frontal gyrus occipital gyri paracentral lobule postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus supramarginal gyrus superior parietal lobule

10 mm

SFG

SFG

MFG

MFG MFG

MFG

SFG

PrG SFG

PrG

PoG PoG

SMG

SMG

SPL

SPL

SPL AnG

SPL

SPL OcG

AnG

SPL OcG

15

3

(ventral view)

10 mm

SFG

SFG MFG

MFG

PrG

CG

PoG

CG

PrG SFG

PoG

PCL

SPL

PCL SMG

SPL SPL

IPL

SMG

SPL

AnG AnG mcer

PCun IPL OcG

acer

X-ray of the 1-cm slice of cadaver shown right

16

PCun

OcG

4

(dorsal view)

17 acer AnG CG IFG IPL mcer MFG OcG PCL PCun PoG PrG SFG SMG SPL STG

striate area anterior cerebral artery angular gyrus cingulate gyrus inferior frontal gyrus inferior parietal lobule middle cerebral artery middle frontal gyrus occipital gyri paracentral lobule precuneus postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus supramarginal gyrus superior parietal lobule superior temporal gyrus

10 mm

SFG MFG

SFG

MFG SFG SFG MFG

PrG

CG

CG

IFG

PoG SPL

PrG

CG

PCL

SFG

PoG SMG

PCL STG

CG

SPL IPL AnG

SPL

SMG

SPL AnG OcG

SPL OcG

IPL

OcG 17

17

4

(ventral view)

10 mm

SFG MFG

IFGTr

SFG

IFGOp

PrG

MFG

CG

MFG

CG PoG

PrG PoG

LV

SMG

SPL

acer

CG

SMG

STG SMG

SPL

SPL

IPL mcer

AnG IPL

OcG OcG 17

pcer

18

5

(dorsal view)

17 acer AnG CG IFGOp IFGTr IPL LV mcer MFG MTG OcG pcer PoG PrG SFG SMG SPL STG

striate area anterior cerebral artery angular gyrus cingulate gyrus inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part inferior parietal lobule lateral ventricle middle cerebral artery middle frontal gyrus middle temporal gyrus occipital gyri posterior cerebral artery postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus supramarginal gyrus superior parietal lobule superior temporal gyrus

10 mm

SFG

SFG

MFG

MFG SFG

SFG MFG

MFG

IFGTr CG

IFGOp

CG IFGTr

PrG

IFGOp

MFG

PoG PrG

LV

PoG

SMG

CG

CG SMG

AnG STG

AnG SPL

SPL AnG

MTG

IPL

IPL OcG 17

OcG

19

5

(ventral view)

10 mm

SFG MFG

SFG MFG

IFGOr CG

IFGTr

IFGTr IFGOp

IFGOp

PrG LV

PoG

PrG FOp POp Th

POp

PTe

SMG acer

Pcun

STG

TTG

LV

CG

PTe

mcer

IPL

Ins

PoG

Pcun

STG

MTG 17

MTG

OcG pcer

OcG

17

20

Cun

6

(dorsal view)

10 mm

SFG

SFG

MFG

IFGOr

MFG

CG CG IFGTr sof

FLV

IFGOp

gcc

IFGOp HCd

PrG

PoG

IFGTr

fmi

3V third ventricle 17 striate area acer anterior cerebral artery CG cingulate gyrus chpx choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle Cun cuneus FLV frontal horn of lateral ventricle fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum FOp frontal operculum fx fornix gcc genu of the corpus callosum HCd head of caudate nucleus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part Ins insula IPL inferior parietal lobule LV lateral ventricle mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri occipital horn of lateral ventricle OLV pcer posterior cerebral artery PCun precuneus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale scc splenium of the corpus callosum SFG superior frontal gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus sof superior occipitofrontal fasciculus st stria terminalis STG superior temporal gyrus TCd tail of caudate nucleus Th thalamus tsv thalamostriate vein TTG transverse temporal gyrus

PrG Ins

FOp

Ins

tsv

fx Th

SMG

POp

MTG STG

POp

3V st

TTG

PTe

FOp

Ins

TTG

scc CG

OLV

chpx

CG

TCd

MTG

PCun

STG

PCun

OcG

MTG OcG

PTe

17

17 17

OcG

PoG

SMG

STG

fmj

OcG OcG

17

OcG 17

21

6

(ventral view)

10 mm

SFG MFG

MFG

IFGOr IFGOr IFGTr

CG

IFGTr

IFGOp

IFGOp

Ins

LV

PrG

PrG

Ins

PoG

PoG PTe PTe

3V

Th

TTG STG

acer STG LV cha mcer

Hi

Hi

CG

CG PCun

MTG OcG

ITG

pcer

OcG

17 17

22

MTG

ITG

7

(dorsal view)

10 mm

SFG

MFG SFG

MFG IFGOr

IFGOr

CG

IFGTr IFGOp

PoG

FLV

Cl PrG

gcc

IFGOp

ec fx

Ins

Pul

fi st TCd

Pi

Hi

CG

PCun

CG FuG

or

PoG

TTG

pic

sm Hb PHG

MTG

PrG

gic GP

3V

Th

TTG chpx

Ins

aic

Pu ATh

ITG

IFGTr

ex

HCd

PTe

STG

CG

OLV

STG

3V third ventricle striate area 17 acer anterior cerebral artery anterior limb of the internal capsule aic ATh anterior thalamic nucleus cingulate gyrus CG cha anterior choroidal artery choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle chpx Cl claustrum external capsule ec ex extreme capsule fimbria of the hippocampus fi FLV frontal horn of lateral ventricle fusiform gyrus FuG fx fornix genu of the corpus callosum gcc gic internal capsule, genu globus pallidus GP Hb habenula head of caudate nucleus HCd Hi hippocampus inferior frontal gyrus IFG IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus LV lateral ventricle mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri OLV occipital horn of lateral ventricle or optic radiation pcer posterior cerebral artery PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus Pi pineal gland pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale Pu putamen Pul pulvinar thalami SFG superior frontal gyrus sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis STG superior temporal gyrus TCd tail of caudate nucleus Th thalamus TTG transverse temporal gyrus Ver vermis of cerebellum

MTG ITG

Ver

17

OcG

OcG OcG 17

23

7

(ventral view)

10 mm

OrG

OrG

IFG IFG

CG IFGOp

IFGOp

PTe

Ins

Ins

3V

STG PTe

Hy IPF

STG SN MTG

opt

Ent PHG

ITG

Hi

S

S

Hi acer

mcer

R

PHG

Ent

OcG

OcG

17

pcer OcG

OcG

24

ITG

ITG

ita

sca

MTG LV

8

(dorsal view)

10 mm

Fro FrS

OrG OrG IFG

OrG

OrG

TempM tf PTe

IFG

acer

CG

IFGOp

IFGOp

Ins

Temp STG

stv

3V

mcer

DG

MTG

cp

fi S

Hi

Ent

LT

stv STG

Hy

opt

sta

Ins

Cl

FStr

APS

MB

IPF

sta

chpx

SN

MTG

Aq Ent

PHG

S Hi

3V 17 acer APS Aq CG chpx Cl cosi cp DG Ent fi Fro FrS FStr gapo gocn Hi Hy IFG IFGOp Ins IPF ita ITG lds LT LV MB mcer MTG Occ occa occv OcG opt OrG Par pcer PHG PTe R S sca SN sta STG stv Temp TempM tf

third ventricle striate area anterior cerebral artery anterior perforated substance cerebral aqueduct cingulate gyrus choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle claustrum confluence of sinuses cerebral peduncle dentate gyrus entorhinal cortex fimbria of hippocampus frontal bone frontal sinus fundus striati galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis) greater occipital nerve hippocampus hypothalamus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part insula interpeduncular fossa inferior temporal artery inferior temporal gyrus lambdoid suture lamina terminalis lateral ventricle mammillary body middle cerebral artery middle temporal gyrus occipital bone occipital artery occipital vein occipital gyri optic tract orbital gyri parietal bone posterior cerebral artery parahippocampal gyrus planum temporale red nucleus subiculum superior cerebellar artery substantia nigra superficial temporal artery superior temporal gyrus superficial temporal vein temporal bone temporalis muscle temporal fascia

PHG

Par ITG

OcG

OcG

ITG

ITG lds

Par 17

OcG

cosi occa gocn occv

Occ gapo

25

8

(ventral view)

10 mm

sutrv

sutra

FroN

sophv Lac

CSCil

OrG

SG

LPal

FroO OO

Lac

sophv SRec sophv

5fr

5 lac

TempM

Sph OrG olf

TP

olf

tv

Hi

Hi ITG

Ent

ITG

Ent

LOTG cha

mcer

LOTG 4V

pauv sigs

ITG Par

sigs

lds

Cerebellum

pcer sca

occs aica

occ

pica SSpCa

26

Temp

MOTG

MOTG

acer

sta

LV

pcer bas

MTG

ictd pcoma

Amg

LV

sphps

2n ox

MTG

TP

Occ

9

(dorsal view)

10 mm

FroN

angv sutrn

CSCil

OO

sutra

LPal SRec

eye

OrG

CGal

OO

OrG

sophv

SRec 5fr

LPal

Sph

mmf

sphzg

TP sphps

MTG

TLV

tv

Ent MOTG LOTG

TP

TempM

ictd Pit

PAM MTG

Amg

ITG

mmf

2n

PAM cavs 3n Hi 4n

sta

FroO

SOb

SG SG sophv

Lac eye

MOTG

5n

bas PoCi

Sph

Hi Ent

Pons

ITG MOTG ITG LOTG

4V

sigs Temp

pauv

lds Occ

2n optic nerve 3n oculomotor nerve 4n trochlear nerve 4V fourth ventricle 5fr frontal nerve 5lac lacrimal nerve 5n trigeminal nerve acer anterior cerebral artery aica anterior inferior cerebellar artery Amg amygdala angv angular vein bas basilar artery cavs cavernous sinus CGal crista galli cha anterior choroidal artery PoCi pontocerebellar cistern CSCil corrugator supercilii muscle Ent entorhinal cortex FroN frontal bone, nasal part FroO frontal bone, orbital part Hi hippocampus ictd internal carotid artery ITG inferior temporal gyrus lacrimal gland Lac lds lambdoid suture LOTG lateral occipito-temporal gyrus LPal levator palpebrae superioris muscle LV lateral ventricle mcer middle cerebral artery mmf middle meningeal artery, frontal branch MOTG medial occipito-temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus Occ occipital bone occ occipital artery, vein and nerve occs occipital sinus olf olfactory tract OO orbicularis oculi muscle OrG orbital gyrus ox optic chiasm PAM periamygdaloid cortex Par parietal bone pauv posterior auricular vein pcer posterior cerebral artery pcoma posterior communicating artery pica posterior inferior cerebellar artery Pit pituitary gland PoCi pontine cistern Pons pons sca superior cerebellar artery SG straight gyrus sigs sigmoid sinus SOb superior oblique muscle sophv superior ophthalmic vein Sph sphenoid bone sphps sphenoparietal sinus sphzg sphenozygomatic suture SRec superior rectus muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle sta superficial temporal artery sutra supratrochlear artery sutrn supratrochlear nerve sutrv supratrochlear vein Temp temporal bone TempM temporalis muscle TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TP temporal pole tv temporal vein

occ SSpCa

27

9

(ventral view)

10 mm

DpSCil angv

FrS

OO

MRec LRec IRec

3ni

TempM

EthC

sphps TL

SphS

5oph

ictd

mm cavs TL 5Gn sta

bas 7n 7n, 8n

sigs

PAu

pauv

SplCa occ SSpCa

28

10

(dorsal view)

3ni oculomotor nerve (inferior branch) 4V fourth ventricle 5Gn trigeminal ganglion 5mx maxillary nerve 5oph ophthalmic nerve 7gp greater petrosal nerve 7n facial nerve 8n vestibulocochlear nerve anga angular artery angv angular vein bas basilar artery CAnT common anular tendon cavs cavernous sinus CilM ciliaris muscle DpSCil depressor supercilii muscle emi emissary vein EthC ethmoidal cell eye eyeball FrS frontal sinus gocn greater occipital nerve ictd internal carotid artery ipets inferior petrosal sinus IRec inferior rectus muscle lacv lacrimal vein LRec lateral rectus muscle mm middle meningeal artery MRec medial rectus muscle Na nasal bone nuf nuchal fascia Occ occipital bone occ occipital artery, vein and nerve ocm occipito-mastoid suture OO orbicularis oculi muscle PAu posterior auricular muscle pauv posterior auricular vein PoCi pontine cistern superior cerebellar artery sca sigs sigmoid sinus sophv superior ophthalmic vein Sph sphenoid bone sphps sphenoparietal sinus SphS sphenoid sinus SplCa splenius capitis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle sta superficial temporal artery stv superficial temporal vein TempM temporalis muscle TempP temporal bone, petrosal part tf temporal fascia TL temporal lobe tv temporal veins TyC tympanic cavity Zyg zygomatic bone

10 mm

DpSCil

anga Na

angv OO

CilM

eye

lacv

Zyg MRec

IRec

sophv EthC

mm

LRec

3ni TempM SphS

5oph ictd

TL

sphps 5Gn

Sph

5mx

sta

tf

CAnT

TL

stv bas tv

ipets

7gp

sca 7n

TyC

PoCi

Pons

TempP

8n

sigs

4V

pauv

ocm emi

SplCa occ

Occ SSpCa gocn

nuf

29

10 (ventral view)

10 mm

DpSCil

Nas

ang

OO

IRec

IOb

3ni 5ior MxS mxa

TempM

sphpal

5mo bucn

LPtgL Disc

dta

PtgPal

5au

LPtgM

Cond

5lg Sty

LgCa

sta

ictd LgCo 12n

rapx

7n

vert 9,10,11n

sigs

StT Dig occa SplCa RePMi

SSpCa gocn

30

11

(dorsal view)

10 mm

DpSCil OO

Na ang

Nas NSpt nlac IOb

Mx

IRec iora

MxS

5ior sphpal

MasM

dta

TempM

Zyg

PtgPal

Cor

tf

LPtgL LPtgM Disc

sta

bucn

Sty Temp

cty

ptgpx

5lg

Sph

5ial

Cond

Ptd

5mo

mxa

Vom

AReCa 10n Occ vert

12n ictd

sta

5au

LgCa

rapx

papx

7n

ijugv sigs

3ni oculomotor nerve (inferior branch) 5au auriculotemporal nerve 5ial inferior alveolar nerve 5ior infraorbital nerve 5lg lingual nerve 5mo motor root of trigeminal nerve 7n facial nerve 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve ang angular artery and vein AReCa anterior rectus capitis muscle bucn buccal nerve Cond condylar process of mandible Cor coronoid process of the mandible cty chorda tympani Dig digastric muscle Disc articular disc of temporo-mandibular joint DpSCil depressor supercilii muscle dta deep temporal artery gocn greater occipital nerve ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein IOb inferior oblique muscle iora infraorbital artery IRec inferior rectus muscle LgCa longus capitis muscle LgCo longus colli muscle LPtgL lateral pterygoid muscle, lateral belly LPtgM lateral pterygoid muscle, medial belly MasM masseter muscle Md medulla oblongata Mx maxilla mxa maxillary artery MxS maxillary sinus Na nasal bone Nas nasalis muscle nl nuchal ligament nlac nasolacrimal duct NSpt nasal septum nuf nuchal fascia Occ occipital bone occa occipital artery occv occipital vein OO orbicularis oculi muscle papx parotid plexus Ptd parotid gland PtgPal pterygopalatine ganglion ptgpx pterygoid plexus rapx retroarticular (venous) plexus RePMi rectus capitis posterior minor sigs sigmoid sinus Sph sphenoid bone sphpal sphenopalatine artery SplCa splenius capitis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle sta superficial temporal artery StM sternomastoid muscle StT sternomastoid muscle, tendon Sty styloid process Temp temporal bone TempM temporalis muscle tf temporal fascia TzM trapezius muscle vert vertebral artery Vom vomer Zyg zygomatic bone

Md

Dig StM

occv

Occ

SplCa

occa

RePMi gocn SSpCa

nuf

nl

TzM

31

11 (ventral view)

10 mm

Nas anga

LLb OO

MiZyg

iora

MjZyg dpala TempM

TempM

psa Man

SCM

Ptg

TeVePal LeVePal

5lg 5ial cty

MasM

MPtg LPtg mxa

ictd

LgCa

12n Ptd

sta

Sty

LReCa Dig SObCa

occa

vert RePMi

RePMj

gocn dpc

SSpCa

TzM

32

tfa

LgsCa

SplCa

StM

12

(dorsal view)

10 mm

MjAC

SeC Nas

anga

LLbAN

facv

OO

5ior

Man

7n StM

apala 9,11,12n

MasM LPtg

SalPh

Ptg

LeVePal LgCa

pvf

AReCa Occ

10n

Sty

MPtg

Uv

5ial

Ptd

INaC Vom TeVePal CAT SalPh SCM

mxa 5lg

MjZyg TempM

psa dpala psan bucn

sta

Zyg

LAngO

iora

tfa

MiZyg

LLb

Mx

ictd StyPh

DAx

ijugv

LReCa

Dig

Dig

AtOc SObCa

vert

LgsCa

Atlas occa

RePMi RePMj SplCa

gocn SSpCa

5ial inferior alveolar nerve 5ior infraorbital nerve 5lg lingual nerve 7n facial nerve 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve anga angular artery apala ascending palatine artery AReCa anterior rectus capitis muscle Atlas atlas AtOc atlanto-occipital joint bucn buccal nerve CAT cartilage of auditory tube cty chorda tympani DAx dens axis Dig digastric muscle dpala descending palatine artery dpc deep cervical artery and vein facv facial vein gocn greater occipital nerve ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein INaC inferior nasal concha iora infraorbital artery LAngO levator anguli oris muscle LeVePal levator veli palatini muscle LgCa longus capitis muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LLb levator labii superioris muscle LLbAN levator labii superioris alaeque nasi LPtg lateral pterygoid muscle LReCa lateral rectus capitis muscle Man mandible MasM masseter muscle MiZyg minor zygomaticus muscle MjAC major alar cartilage MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle MPtg medial pterygoid muscle Mx maxilla mxa maxillary artery Nas nasalis muscle nl nuchal ligament nuf nuchal fascia Occ occipital bone occa occipital artery OO orbicularis oculi muscle psa posterior superior alveolar artery psan posterior superior alveolar nerve Ptd parotid gland Ptg pterygoid process pvf prevertebral fascia RePMi rectus capitis posterior minor muscle RePMj rectus capitis posterior major muscle SCM SeC SObCa SplCa SSpCa sta StM Sty StyPh TempM TeVePal tfa TzM Uv vert Vom Zyg

salpingopharyngeus muscle

superior constrictor of the pharynx septal nasal cartilage superior oblique capitis muscle splenius capitis muscle semispinalis capitis muscle superficial temporal artery sternomastoid muscle styloid process stylopharyngeus muscle temporalis muscle tensor veli palatini muscle transverse facial artery trapezius muscle uvula vertebral artery vomer zygomatic bone

dpc nl

nuf TzM

33

12

(ventral view)

10 mm

MjAC

fac

Nas

MiZyg 5ior LAngO

MjZyg

facv Vom gpala

BucM

MasM

bucn

TempM

SCM MPtg

5lg ialv iala

TeVePal 9n

apala ictd

LgCa

ijugv

9,10n

pau Dig

12n Dig

ectd

11n Sty

TrPAt

vert

occa occv

Atlas

StM LgsCa

IObCa SplCa gocn RePMj dpc SSpCa

TzM

34

rmv

13

(dorsal view)

10 mm

SeC

Mx

LLb

Nas fac

LAngO

MiZyg MjZyg

facv

ptdd npal

BucM

BucM

gpala

bucn

MasM PalG

HPtg 5lg ial

rmv

ictd

ectd 9,10n ijugv vert

pau

11n

Uv

apala 12n

Ptd

TempT SCM

LgCo

StyPh

MPtg

Man

StyGl

LgCa MScal

StyHy Dig

ivvpx

occa TrPAt

StM

Atlas

SArS

cern2

Spinal lObCa

SpAx SplCa

LgsCa

5ior infraorbital nerve 5lg lingual nerve 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve apala ascending palatine artery Atlas atlas BucM buccinator muscle bucn buccal nerve cern2 cervical nerve 2 Dig digastric muscle dpc deep cervical artery and vein ectd external carotid artery fac facial artery facv facial vein gocn greater occipital nerve gpala greater palatine artery HPtg hamulus of the pterygoid bone ial inferior alveolar artery, vein, nerve iala inferior alveolar artery ialv inferior alveolar vein ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein IObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle ivvpx internal vertebral venous plexus LAngO levator anguli oris muscle LgCa longus capitis muscle LgCo longus colli muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LLb levator labii superioris muscle Man mandible MasM masseter muscle MiZyg minor zygomaticus muscle MjAC major alar cartilage MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle MPtg medial pterygoid muscle MScal middle scalenus muscle, insertion of levator scapulae muscle Mx maxilla Nas nasalis muscle nl nuchal ligament npal nasopalatine artery, incisive canal occa occipital artery occv occipital vein PalG palatine glands pau posterior auricular artery and vein Ptd parotid gland ptdd parotid duct RePMj rectus capitis posterior major muscle rmv retromandibular vein SArS subarachnoid space SCM superior constrictor of the pharynx SeC septal nasal cartilage SpAx spinous process of axis Spinal spinal cord SplCa splenius capitis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle StM sternomastoid muscle Sty styloid process StyGl styloglossus muscle StyHy stylohyoid muscle StyPh stylopharyngeus muscle TempM temporalis muscle TempT temporalis muscle, tendon TeVePal tensor veli palatini muscle TrPAt transverse process of the atlas TzM trapezius muscle Uv uvula vert vertebral artery Vom vomer

gocn SSpCa

TzM

dpc

RePMj

nl

35

13 (ventral view)

10 mm

OOr

fac

LAngO

MjZyg gpala

facv

Mx

BucM

ptdd

BucM bucn

MasM PalG Man

5lg

MPtg

Uv 9n

rmv Ptd

10n 12n

aph LgCa

SCGn

LgCo

ial

apala

SCM ictd

ectd

StyGl StyPh

StyHy

ScalM InTrM

Vert3

Dig 11n

ijugv vert

LgsCe MScal

gocn

Mul

LSc

SplCe

LgsCa

dpc SSpCa

SpAx

SplCa

ISM

TzM

36

occa

OOr

14

Mx

LAngO

fac

MjZyg

gpala

IncC

facv

(dorsal view)

tongue

15

bucn SCM PalGl

occa Dig

Ptd

MPtg

Uv

StyGl 9n StyPh

SCGn

all

LgCa

12n 10n

SCGn

LgCo

StyHy

10n 12n

Axis

vert

(dorsal view)

ScalM StM

SplCe LgsCe

11n

v LSc

InTrM

Vert3 Mul

LgsCa

LgsCa

SSpCe

LSc

SpM

dpc

SplCa nuf

SSpCa

TzM

plate 14 (dorsal view)

MjZyg BucM HyGl

ial

MasM Man

MyHy

StyGl apala SM StyHy Plat

Ly

12n

ectd

9n

aph LgCo

ictd StM

Dig

S/MCM

fac

Ly

sln

Vert3

10n ScalM

ijugv

Symp

SplCe InTrM SplCe

Vert4

LSc SSpCa LgsCa

SplCa

Mul ISM SSpCe

11n LSc

LgsCa

LgsCeT

5lg lingual nerve 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve all anterior longitudinal ligament apala ascending palatine artery aph ascending pharyngeal artery BucM buccinator muscle bucn buccal nerve Dig digastric muscle dpc deep cervical artery and vein ectd external carotid artery fac facial artery facv facial vein gocn greater occipital nerve gpala greater palatine artery HyGl hyoglossus muscle ial inferior alveolar artery, vein, nerve ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein IncC incisive canal w. nasopalatine artery InTrM intertransversarii muscles ISM interspinalis muscle LAngO levator anguli oris muscle LgCa longus capitis muscle LgCo longus colli muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LgsCe longissimus cervicis muscle LgsCeT longissimus cervicis muscle, tendon LSc levator scapulae muscle Ly lymph node Man mandible MasM masseter muscle MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle MPtg medial pterygoid muscle MScal middle scalenus muscle Mul multifidus muscle Mx maxilla MyHy mylohyoid muscle nuf nuchal fascia occa occipital artery OOr orbicularis oris muscle PalG palatine glands PalGl palatoglossus muscle Plat platysma Ptd parotid gland ptdd parotid duct rmv retromandibular vein S/MCM superior and middle constrictor of the pharynx ScalM scalenus muscle SCGn superior cervical ganglion SCM superior constrictor of the pharynx sln superior laryngeal nerve SM submandibular gland SpAx spinous process of axis SplCa splenius capitis muscle SplCe splenius cervicis muscle SpM spinalis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle SSpCe semispinalis cervicis muscle StM sternomastoid muscle StyGl styloglossus muscle StyHy stylohyoid muscle StyPh stylopharyngeus muscle Symp sympathetic trunk TzM trapezius muscle uvula Uv vert vertebral artery Vert3 third vertebra Vert4 fourth vertebra

plate 15 (dorsal view)

37

14

OOr

MjZyg fac

(ventral view)

BucM

15

MasM StyGl

MyHy

MPtg

bucn apala

PalPh

fac

(ventral view)

9n glossopharyngeal nerve 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve all anterior longitudinal ligament apala ascending palatine artery aph ascending pharyngeal artery BucM buccinator muscle bucn buccal nerve Dig digastric muscle DigT digastric muscle, tendon DpAO depressor anguli oris muscle dpc deep cervical artery and vein ectd external carotid artery fac facial artery GeGl genioglossus muscle GHHy greater horn of hyoid bone HyGl hyoglossus muscle ial inferior alveolar artery, vein, nerve ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein InTrM intertransversarii muscles ISM interspinalis muscle ivvpx internal vertebral venous plexus lga lingual artery LgCa longus capitis muscle LgCo longus colli muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LgsCe longissimus cervicis muscle LgsCeT longissimus cervicis muscle, tendon LSc levator scapulae muscle Ly lymph node MasM masseter muscle MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle MPtg medial pterygoid muscle Mul multifidus muscle MyHy mylohyoid muscle OOr orbicularis oris muscle PalPh palatopharyngeus muscle Plat platysma Ptd parotid gland RisM risorius muscle rmv retromandibular vein S/MCM superior and middle constrictor of the pharynx ScalM scalenus muscle SCGn superior cervical ganglion sln superior laryngeal nerve SM submandibular gland SplCa splenius capitis muscle SplCe splenius cervicis muscle SpM spinalis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle SSpCe semispinalis cervicis muscle StM sternomastoid muscle StyGl styloglossus muscle StyHy stylohyoid muscle StyPh stylopharyngeus muscle Symp sympathetic trunk TzM trapezius muscle v vein vert vertebral artery Vert4 fourth cervical vertebra

bucn

StyPh 12n

v

ictd Ly

SCGn

SCGn

ectd LgCa

10n

all

LgCo

ijugv

Vert4

StM

StyHy DigT v 12n

aph

Plat Ptd

11n

ScalM InTrM SplCe

Ly

LSc Mul ISM

LgsCeT

LgsCa

SSpCe SSpCa

SpM

SplCa TzM

plate 14 (ventral view)

DpAO

RisM

HyGl

GeGl

ial

lga SM

Ptd v

9n

SM

v

Dig GHHy

ectd

S/MCM

Ly ijugv Symp

10n

LgCa

vert

12n Ptd

sln LgCo

ictd 10n ijugv

Vert4

ScalM

rmv fac

ivvpx

11n

LgsCe

dpc LSc

plate 15 (ventral view)

38

OOr

ilab

Lg DpAO

SL

HyGl

smd

BucM

Plat

RisM

fac

lga

StyHy

fac lga

fac ectd ictd 11n

SM

Dig

Ly

LgCa

Vert3

ijugv

Vert4

Symp ScalM LgsCe

SplCe

ancer

cpx

LgCo

Mul

(dorsal view)

Ly

sln

S/MCM

GHHy

10n cern ijugv

StM

dpc

LSc

ISM SSpCe LgsCa

SSpCa

SplCa

SpM

TzM

plate 16 (dorsal view)

SL

GeGl Man lga

fac

HyGl

MyHy DigT

StyHy

fac

SM ThHyMe

GHHy MCM

ThHy SHThC

ICM sthy

cctd

LgCo

Vert4 Vert5

ScalM

ijugv

StM v

Symp LgsCe SplCe

(dorsal view)

17

GeGl MyHy myhy

16 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve ancer ansa cervicalis BucM buccinator muscle cctd common carotid artery cern cervical nerve cpx carotid plexus Dig digastric muscle DigT digastric muscle, tendon DpAO depressor anguli oris muscle dpc deep cervical artery and vein ectd external carotid artery fac facial artery (glandular branches) GeGl genioglossus muscle GHHy greater horn of hyoid bone HyGl hyoglossus muscle ICM inferior constrictor of the pharynx ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein ilab inferior labial artery and vein ISM interspinalis muscle Lg lingual gland lga lingual artery LgCa longus capitis muscle LgCo longus colli muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LgsCe longissimus cervicis muscle LSc levator scapulae muscle Ly lymph node Man mandible MCM middle constrictor of the pharynx Mul multifidus muscle MyHy mylohyoid muscle myhy mylohyoid nerve OOr orbicularis oris muscle Plat platysma RisM risorius muscle S/MCM superior and middle constrictor of the pharynx ScalM scalenus muscle SHThC superior horn of thyroid cartilage SL sublingual gland sln superior laryngeal nerve SM submandibular gland smd submandibular duct SplCa splenius capitis muscle SplCe splenius cervicis muscle SpM spinalis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle SSpCe semispinalis cervicis muscle sthy superior thyroid artery StM sternomastoid muscle StyHy stylohyoid muscle Symp sympathetic trunk ThHy thyrohyoid muscle ThHyMe thyrohyoid membrane TzM trapezius muscle v vein Vert3 third cervical vertebra Vert4 fourth cervical vertebra Vert5 fifth cervical vertebra

LSc SplCa TzM

plate 17 (dorsal view)

39

16

OOr

BucM

DpAO

SL

GeGl

(ventral view)

ManC

17 (ventral view)

10n vagus nerve ancer ansa cervicalis BHy body of hyoid bone BucM buccinator muscle cctd common carotid artery cern cervical nerve Dig digastric muscle DpAO depressor anguli oris muscle dpc deep cervical artery and vein DpLb depressor labii inferioris muscle fac facial artery (glandular branches) facv facial vein GeGl genioglossus muscle GeHy geniohyoid muscle GHHy greater horn of hyoid bone HyGl hyoglossus muscle ICCe iliocostalis cervicis muscle ICM inferior constrictor of the pharynx ijugv internal jugular vein ilab inferior labial artery and vein ISM interspinalis muscle lga lingual artery LgCa longus capitis muscle LgCo longus colli muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LgsCe longissimus cervicis muscle LSc levator scapulae muscle Ly lymph node ManC mandibular canal MCM middle constrictor of the pharynx MentM mentalis muscle Mul multifidus muscle MyHy mylohyoid muscle OmHy omohyoid muscle OOr orbicularis oris muscle Plat platysma ScalM scalenus muscle SHThC superior horn of thyroid cartilage SL sublingual gland sln superior laryngeal nerve SM submandibular gland smd submandibular duct SplCa splenius capitis muscle SplCe splenius cervicis muscle SplM splenius capitis and cervicis muscle SpM spinalis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle SSpCe semispinalis cervicis muscle sthy superior thyroid artery StM sternomastoid muscle StyHy stylohyoid muscle Symp sympathetic trunk ThC thyroid cartilage ThHy thyrohyoid muscle ThHyMe thyrohyoid membrane TrP4 transverse process of fourth vertebra TzM trapezius muscle v vein vert vertebral artery Vert4 fourth cervical vertebra Vert5 fifth cervical vertebra Vert6 sixth cervical vertebra

smd MyHy

fac

HyGl

lga Dig

GHHy

StyHy

fac

fac Plat

lga

sthy

sln

SHThC

LgCa ijugv

StM

cctd

LgCo

10n TrP4

Vert4

Symp Symp

Vert5

ScalM

dpc

LgsCe Mul LgsCa

ISM SSpCe

SplCe

LSc SpM SSpCa

SplCa TzM

plate 16 (ventral view)

MentM

ilab

DpLb

GeHy MyHy Dig facv

BHy StyHy

HyGl

OmHy ThHy

ThHyMe

ThC

ijugv Ly

v

MCM

Ly StM

SM

ancer

ICM LgCa

cctd

LgCo

vert

10n

Vert5

cern

ijugv

ICCe v

v

Symp Vert6

ScalM ICCe Vert5

LgsCe

LgsCa

LSc SSpCe SpM

SSpCa

SplM

plate 17 (ventral view)

40

1.3 Coronal Atlas of the Brain in the Head

41

Sagittal plane:

y´- direction:

z´- direction:

MR-images of the head shown on the following pages. The head whose sections are depicted on the following pages was imaged in three orthgonal planes using the following parameters: 0.15 Tesla, matrix 256 x 256, field of view 25 cm, multislice, slice thickness 5 mm, 4 excitations, sequence: 5000/160. These heavy T2 weighted images highlight

42

fluid-containing structures. Note that artificial fluid collections are visible in the nasal and paranasal cavities. The top panel presents the sagittal MRIs and specifies the planes of sectioning of the middle and lower panel. Orientation of these MRIs was based on the brainstem axis. Therefore the

orientation of the coronal MRIs in the lower panel corresponds to the plane of cryo-sectioning of the head and direct comparisons can be made with photographs and diagrams of the following pages. The middle panel presents the horizontal MRIs from top to the bottom.

VCA

VCA

ICL

Surface views of the brain which is shown in the subsequent pages. The most important gyri are delineated.

The midsagittal views depict the brain with the stereotaxic space.

43

Surface views of the left hemisphere of the brain which has been sectioned in the coronal plane (-20° angulation) as

44

indicated. The drawing of the midsagittal view has been mirror-imaged in order to help identifying structures which lie in the

same plane of sectioning with regard to the lateral and median view.

4

OcFrF FroO FroC

(anterior view) FxC CGal

LPal

SOb

SRec eye

Zyg

sora Lac OO

opha

EthC

pap

MRec

LRec IOb

FrS

PeP IRec

OFat MNaC 5ior iora

IOrC NSpt

MxS

Intracranial structures:

psa

INaC

Vom

facv

BFat MasM

Alv

tfa

gpal

MjZyg

PalG BucM

dlg

smd

dlg

fac

LgSpt 12n

ManC

GeGl

slgv slga

sma

HyGl

fac

SL

slga GeHy

Plat

sma Dig

MyHy

SRoG MFG

SFG

SFG MFG

IFG FrP

IFG FrP

OFG

FrP OFG

OFG SG

FrP FxC IFG MFG OFG SFG SG SRoG

frontopolar cortex falx cerebri inferior frontal gyrus middle frontal gyrus orbitofrontal gyri superior frontal gyrus straight gyrus superior rostral gyrus

Peripheral structures: 5ior infraorbital nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve (lingual branch) Alv alveolar process of maxilla BFat buccal fat pad BucM buccinator muscle CGal crista galli Dig digastric muscle, ant. belly dlg deep lingual artery and vein EthC ethmoidal cell(s) fac facial artery facv facial vein FroC frontal crest FroO frontal bone, orbital part FrS frontal sinus GeGl genioglossus muscle GeHy geniohyoid muscle gpal greater palatine artery, nerve, vein HyGl hyoglossus muscle INaC inferior nasal concha IOb inferior oblique muscle iora infraorbital artery IOrC infraorbital canal IRec inferior rectus muscle Lac lacrimal gland LgSpt lingual septum LPal levator palpebrae superioris muscle LRec lateral rectus muscle ManC mandibular canal MasM masseter muscle MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle MNaC middle nasal concha MRec medial rectus muscle MxS maxillary sinus MyHy mylohyoid muscle NSpt nasal septum OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OFat orbital fat body OO orbicularis oculi muscle opha ophthalmic artery PalG palatine glands pap optic papilla PeP perpendicular plate Plat platysma psa posterior superior alveolar artery SL sublingual gland slga sublingual artery slgv sublingual vein sma submental artery smd submandibular duct SOb superior oblique muscle sora supraorbital artery SRec superior rectus muscle tfa transverse facial artery Vom vomer Zyg zygomatic bone

45

4

(posterior view)

Volunteer MRI

2500/5 Volunteer MRI

10 mm

3000/355 MFG

SFG

SFG

FrP mcer

mcer

MFG FrP

acer

IFG SFG SRoG

OFG IRoG

IRoG

SG

X-ray of the 1-cm slice of cadaver shown right

46

OFG

FrP

5

OcFrF

ssgs

FroSq

(anterior view) FL

FrS

5fr OB

SOb 2n LRec

CGal

lac

LPal

SRec

opha

MRec

cret

OFat IRec

EthC

5ior

TempM

Intracranial structures: dta

IOrC iora

MxS

ZygA

NSpt psa paln dpala ptdd tfa

GPalF

PalG

MasM

ptdd

BucM

acer FrP FL IFG IRoG mcer MFG OB OFG SFG SG SRoG ssgs

anterior cerebral artery frontopolar cortex frontal lobe inferior frontal gyrus inferior rostral gyrus middle cerebral artery middle frontal gyrus olfactory bulb orbitofrontal gyri superior frontal gyrus straight gyrus superior rostral gyrus superior sagittal sinus

Peripheral structures: tongue facv

ManC

BMan

ial

smd

SL

GeGl

lga

12n

HyGl sma

Ly

MyHy

lgv

GeHy Dig

StHy

Plat

MFG

SFG

MFG

SFG

IFG

fac

SFG SRoG

FrP

FrP

SRoG IRoG OFG

IRoG

SG

OFG

IFG

2n optic nerve 5fr frontal nerve 5ior infraorbital nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve BMan body of mandible BucM buccinator muscle CGal crista galli cret central artery of retina Dig digastric muscle, ant. belly dpala descending palatine artery dta deep temporal artery EthC ethmoidal cell fac facial artery facv facial vein FroSq frontal bone, squamosal part FrS frontal sinus GeGl genioglossus muscle GeHy geniohyoid muscle GPalF greater palatine foramen HyGl hyoglossus muscle ial inferior alveolar artery, vein, nerve iora infraorbital artery IOrC infraorbital canal IRec inferior rectus muscle lac lacrimal artery lga/lgv lingual artery / vein LPal levator palpebrae superioris muscle LRec lateral rectus muscle Ly submental lymph node ManC mandibular canal MasM masseter muscle MRec medial rectus muscle MxS maxillary sinus MyHy mylohyoid muscle NSpt nasal septum OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OFat orbital fat body opha ophthalmic artery PalG palatine glands paln palatine nerve Plat platysma psa posterior superior alveolar artery ptdd parotid duct SL sublingual gland sma submental artery smd submandibular duct SOb superior oblique muscle SRec superior rectus muscle StHy sternohyoid muscle TempM temporalis muscle tfa transverse facial artery ZygA zygomatic arch

47

5

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG

MFG

MFG

mcer

acer

IFG mcer

IFG

FLA SRoG

SRoG

IRoG OFG

IRoG

SG

48

OFG

6

FxC

(anterior view)

staf LPal SRec LRec

ophv

olf

SOb

SphS

MRec

TP

IRec

EthC PtPF

PtgPal ZygA pna dta iora mxa

opha

2n

5ior

MxS Vom

dpala

pna

iora MLPt

dpala

Intracranial structures:

TempM PtgPal dta

mxa

LPtg BFat

LLPt

TeVePal

tfa SPal

Man

MPtg

ManC

MasM

ptdd

HPtg

iala Uv

5ial

StyGl 9n

fac

HyGl

12n lgv

myhy

Lg

9n facv

tfa 5lg

smd

lga Hyoid

Plat

ThC

ThHy OmHy StHy

SFG

SFG MFG

MFG SFG SFG

IFG IFGOp

CG

IFG

CG FLA SRoG

SRoG

IFGOp

IRoG STG

IRoG

OFG

OFG STG

SG TP

SG

olf

MTG

TP ITG

anterior cerebral artery cingulate gyrus frontal limbic area fusiform gyrus falx cerebri inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part inferior rostral gyrus inferior temporal gyrus middle cerebral artery middle frontal gyrus middle temporal gyrus orbitofrontal gyri olfactory tract superior frontal gyrus straight gyrus superior rostral gyrus superior temporal gyrus temporal pole

Peripheral structures:

DigT

shl

SM

acer CG FLA FuG FxC IFG IFGOp IRoG ITG mcer MFG MTG OFG olf SFG SG SRoG STG TP

FuG ITG

2n optic nerve 5ial inferior alveolar nerve 5ior infraorbital nerve 5lg lingual nerve 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve BFat buccal fat pad DigT digastric muscle, tendon dpala descending palatine artery dta deep temporal artery EthC ethmoidal cell fac facial artery facv facial vein HPtg hamulus of the pterygoid bone HyGl hyoglossus muscle Hyoid hyoid bone iala inferior alveolar artery iora infraorbital artery IRec inferior rectus muscle Lg lingual gland lga lingual artery lgv lingual vein LLPt lateral lamina of pterygoid process LPal levator palpebrae superioris muscle LPtg lateral pterygoid muscle LRec lateral rectus muscle Man mandible ManC mandibular canal MasM masseter muscle MLPt medial lamina of pterygoid process MPtg medial pterygoid muscle MRec medial rectus muscle mxa maxillary artery MxS maxillary sinus myhy mylohyoid nerve OmHy omohyoid muscle opha ophthalmic artery ophv ophthalmic vein Plat platysma pna posterior nasal artery ptdd parotid duct PtgPal pterygopalatine ganglion PtPF pterygopalatine fossa shl stylohyoid ligament smd submandibular duct SM submandibular gland SOb superior oblique muscle SPal soft palate staf superior temporal a., frontal branch Remainder explained in Index of Abbreviations

49

6

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG

SFG MFG

MFG

FLA CG

Ins

IFG

FLA CG

IFG

acer mcer

IFGOp mcer

IFGOp

SRoG

IRoG STG

MTG ITG

TP

IRoG

OFG STG PTe

OFG

TP

50

SRoG

SG

TP

PTe FuG

ITG

7

ssgs

(anterior view) FLV acer

TempM

staf

olf 2n TL

3n

ictd

4n 6n

cavs

5mx

SphS

ZygA ptgpx

Intracranial structures: mmf

PtgC

TeVePal ptgpx

mxa

mxa

LPtg

tfa

rmv 5ial iala

ptdd

Aud

LeVePal

5lg

phar

phar

inav

5lg

PalPh

myhy

SPal

sphml

MPtg

PalT

fac

shl

facv

lga

lgv

Hyoid

EGl

facv

smv

StyHy

MCM

lga SM

fac

Dig

9n

12n

smv

MasM

StyGl shl

Uv

12n lgv

Peripheral structures:

sthy PirR

sthyv ThHy

AryE

OmHy

SFG SFG MFG

MFG FLA

FLA IFG

CG IFG

FLV

Ins

SRoG

IFGOp

IFGOp

rcc

FLV CG

CG

Ins

IFGOp

STG OFG

MTG TP

SG

PTe Ent

2n

Ins

SRoG

SG

STG

OFG 2n

Ent

PTe

MTG

TP

ITG FuG

FuG

acer anterior cerebral artery CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FLA frontal limbic area FLV frontal horn of lateral ventricle FuG fusiform gyrus IFG inferior frontal gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IRoG inferior rostral gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OFG orbitofrontal gyri PTe planum temporale rcc rostrum of corpus callosum SFG superior frontal gyrus SG straight gyrus SRoG superior rostral gyrus ssgs superior sagittal sinus STG superior temporal gyrus TP temporal pole

ITG

2n optic nerve 3n oculomotor nerve 4n trochlear nerve 5ial inferior alveolar nerve 5lg lingual nerve 5mx maxillary nerve 6n abducens nerve or its root 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve AryE aryepiglotticus muscle Aud auditory tube cavs cavernous sinus Dig digastric muscle, post belly EGl epiglottis fac facial artery facv facial vein Hyoid hyoid bone iala inferior alveolar artery ictd internal carotid artery inav internal nasal vein lga lingual artery lgv lingual vein LPtg lateral pterygoid muscle LeVePal levator veli palatini muscle MasM masseter muscle MCM middle constrictor of the pharynx mmf middle meningeal artery, frontal branch MPtg medial pterygoid muscle mxa maxillary artery myhy mylohyoid nerve OmHy omohyoid muscle PalPh palatopharyngeus muscle PalT palatine tonsil phar pharyngeal branches PirR piriform recess ptdd parotid duct PtgC pterygoid canal ptgpx pterygoid plexus shl stylohyoid ligament SM submandibular gland smv submental vein sphml sphenomandibular ligament staf superior temporal a., frontal branch sthy superior thyroid artery StyGl styloglossus muscle

51

7

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG SFG FLA MFG

MFG FLA

IFG

CG IFG IFGOp

acer mcer

IFGOp

mcer

ic

Ins

SCA SCA PTG

STG PTe Pir SLG cha

Ins

MTG

AO SG Tu AG Ent

ITG

ox

Pu

Cl

Ac

STG Pir

SG AO Tu opt

AG

PTe

SLG

MTG

Ent FuG ITG

FuG

52

8

(anterior view)

LV

stap acer

mcer

ox

DS

InfS

ictd

stam

3n

cavs

Pit

TempM

Intracranial structure:

SphS

5Gn

ictd LPtg

Cond

PhRe

TMD

mm

LeVePal

mm Sty phar rmv StyGl

tfa

Otic

LgCa StyPh 9n

mxa

aph rmv

facv

occa

MCM

12n

Ptd

Dig

rmv

Dig

tfv

mxa StyHy

StyPh

StyHy

smv

Hyoid

ectd smv

mxa mxv StyGl paua

mxv

fac

facv

ICM StM cctd

sthy

Ac accumbens nucleus acer anterior cerebral artery AG ambiens gyrus AO anterior olfactory nucleus CG cingulate gyrus cha anterior choroidal artery Cl claustrum DB nucleus of the diagonal band Ent entorhinal cortex FLA frontal limbic area FuG fusiform gyrus ic internal capsule IFG inferior frontal gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part InfS infundibular stalk Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus LV lateral ventricle mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus ox optic chiasm PTe planum temporale Pir piriform cortex Pit pituitary gland PTG paraterminal gyrus Pu putamen SCA subcallosal area SFG superior frontal gyrus SG straight gyrus SLG semilunar gyrus SptP septum pellucidum STG superior temporal gyrus Tu olfactory tubercle Un uncus Peripheral structures:

SFG MFG

SFG MFG

FLA

IFG IFGOp

IFG

IFGOp

SptP

IFG CG

Ins

PTe

Pir

AG MTG

Ent FuG

DB

Tu

SLG

ITG

Ins

Cl

PTe

STG

Pu

PTG ox

Un

DB

Pir

Tu AG

STG

SLG

MTG

Ent

FuG

ITG

3n 5Gn 9n 12n aph cavs cctd Cond Dig DS ectd fac facv ICM ictd LgCa LPtg LeVePal MCM mm mxa mxv occa Otic paua phar PhRe Ptd rmv smv SphS

oculomotor nerve trigeminal ganglion glossopharyngeal nerve hypoglossal nerve ascending pharyngeal artery cavernous sinus common carotid artery condylar process of mandible digastric muscle, post belly diaphragma sellae external carotid artery facial artery facial vein inferior constrictor of the pharynx internal carotid artery longus capitis muscle lateral pterygoid muscle levator veli palatini muscle middle constrictor of the pharynx middle meningeal artery maxillary artery maxillary vein occipital artery otic ganglion posterior auricular artery pharyngeal branches pharyngeal recess patotid gland retromandibular vein submental vein sphenoid sinus

53

8

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG

SFG

MFG

MFG

FLA FLA CG cc

acer

IFG

HCd

IFGOp

mcer

STG

cha

pcer

PTe

Ins

EGP

Cl

MTG

Amg S Ent ITG

FuG

opt Un

Hi

PrG

SB

IFGOp

ac

IGP

pcer

54

fx

Pu

mcer

IFG

CLV

ic

Ins 3V

PTe TTG

PTe

Hy Un

STG

MTG Hi

TLV

S Ent

FuG

ITG

9

(anterior view)

isgs

mcer

3n TL

pcer

Temp

Intracranial structures:

sca aica

5n

spets

bas

aaua

mmp

mm

PoCi

7gp

ictd

TenT

ipets

stv

9,10,11n 7n

Atlas

ijugv

7n

LReCa

Ptd ACeIT

Axis

Dig

paua occa

ACeIT cern2

ijugv

Vert3

Ly cern3

10n

ejugv

ejugv

cerpx Vert4 StM ancer

vert

LgCa

ScalM

cctd

Vert5

SFG

SFG

MFG

FLA MFG CG

IFG ce

IFG

cc

SB

PoG

STG

ic

Ins

TTG

ac

Amg

MTG

opt cp

MB IPF

Hi S

ITG

FuG

Ent

Cl

ATh EGP

Ins

3n

Hi Ent 5n

STG MTG

TCd ITG

S Pons

TTG PTe

IGP

3V

PPo

TLV

fx

Peripheral structures:

IFGOp

Pu

IFGOp

PTe

PrG

HCd

PrG

FuG

3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure acer anterior cerebral artery Amg amygdala ATh anterior thalamic nucleus cc corpus callosum ce central fissure CG cingulate gyrus cha anterior choroidal artery Cl claustrum CLV central part of lateral ventricle cp cerebral peduncle EGP external globus pallidus Ent entorhinal cortex FLA frontal limbic area FuG fusiform gyrus fx fornix HCd head of caudate nucleus Hi hippocampus ic internal capsule IFG inferior frontal gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IGP internal globus pallidus Ins insula ipets inferior petrosal sinus IPF interpeduncular fossa isgs inferior sagittal sinus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MB mammillary body mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus opt optic tract pcer posterior cerebral artery PoCi pontine cistern PoG postcentral gyrus PPo planum polare PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale Pu putamen S subiculum SB striatal cell bridges sca superior cerebellar artery SFG superior frontal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TCd tail of caudate nucleus TL temporal lobe TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TTG transverse temporal gyri Un uncus

3n 5n 7gp 7n 9,10,11n aaua ACeIT ancer cctd cern2 cerpx ejugv Dig ictd

oculomotor nerve or its root trigeminal nerve greater petrosal nerve facial nerve glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves anterior auricular artery anterior cervical intertransversarii muscles ansa cervicalis common carotid artery cervical nerve 2 cervical plexus external jugular vein digastric muscle internal carotid artery

55

9

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG

SFG

MFG MFG FLA IFG PrG

PoG

CG IFGOp

mcer

STG mcer

pcer

TCd TLV

MTG cha

pcer

Amg

Ins

MD

PoG

IFGOp

PTe

TTG

STh SN

CM R

S

cp

opt Hi

PPo

STG MTG

S Ent

FuG ITG

56

VL

GP PPo

ic

ATh

Pu TTG

Cl

bfx

st

Rt acer

PrG

CLV

IFG

Ent mcp

FuG Pons

ITG

10

ssgs

dip

(anterior view)

stv

pauv isgs

mcer

Intracranial structures:

TLV

pcer

TempM

TCb

sca aica

7n,8n

spets MaA

SCC 9n

ijugv

sigs

10n

vert Mst

vr2

Axis

IObCa cern2

11n

occa

LgsCa

StM

ScalM

SFG

SFG

PrG

CG PrG

Cl CLV

IFGOp

cc

Pu

Pons

CH

S Ent

Hi FuG

Ent

FuG

STG

PTe

opt Amg cp

SN

IFGOp TTG

ic

3V

S

Ins

MD

R Hi

PoG

Rt VL

CM

GP STh

PTe

SB

chpx

bfx

DSF Ins

PTe TCd TLV

IFG PrG

PoG

TTG

MFG

CG

MFG

ITG

LSc

Vert4

ScalM

MTG

occa

vr4

Vert3

STG

Dig

AtOc

ivvpx

Atlas

pauv

SObCa

AtOc

SObCa

paua

ijugv

pica

mcp

MTG ITG

3V third ventricle acer anterior cerebral artery aica anterior inferior cerebellar artery Amg amygdala ATh anterior thalamic nucleus bfx body of fornix cc corpus callosum CG cingulate gyrus CH cerebellar hemisphere cha anterior choroidal artery chpx choroid plexus of the lat. ventricle Cl claustrum CLV central part of lateral ventricle CM centromedian thalamic nucleus cp cerebral peduncle dip diploic vein DSF dorsal superficial nucleus Ent entorhinal cortex FLA frontal limbic area FuG fusiform gyrus GP globus pallidus Hi hippocampus ic internal capsule IFG inferior frontal gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula IO inferior olive isgs inferior sagittal sinus ITG inferior temporal gyrus mcer middle cerebral artery mcp middle cerebellar peduncle MD mediodorsal thalamic nucleus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus opt optic tract pcer posterior cerebral artery pica posterior inferior cerebellar artery PoG postcentral gyrus PPo planum polare PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale Pu putamen py pyramidal tract R red nucleus Rt reticular thalamic nucleus S subiculum SB striatal cell bridges sca superior cerebellar artery SCC semicircular canals SFG superior frontal gyrus sigs sigmoid sinus SN substantia nigra spets superior petrosal sinus ssgs superior sagittal sinus STG superior temporal gyrus STh subthalamic nucleus TCb tentorium cerebelli TCd tail of caudate nucleus TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TTG transverse temporal gyrus vert vertebral artery VL ventral lateral thalamic nucleus Peripheral structures:

IO

IO py

AtOc ijugv vr

atlanto-occipital joint internal jugular vein, bulbus ventral root

57

10

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG MFG

SFG

PrG

CG CG

PoG

BCd

PrG

CG PoG

LV IFGOp TTG acer STG mcer

mcer

MTG

TTG

SB

pcer

Rt

TCd TLV

Hi

STG

Ent

Tec S OcG

Ver

FuG 4V

CH

MTG

Ent FuG

scp SMV

58

TTG

TTG

3V Pul

Pi ITG

PTe

IFGOp

bfx

Ins

cha pcer

tsv

cc

ITG

11

argr

(anterior view)

icv

sca

Intracranial structures:

pcer

QP

TempM

TCb mmp sigs emi pauv

occs ivvpx

GrCi

LgsCa

Atlas

IObCa

SplCa

SObCa occa

vert Axis StM

LSc

SSpCa

Vert3 Vert4

ScalM

Mul

SFG MFG SFG

PCL

MFG

CG

PrG

PrG PoG

IFGOp

PTe

TTG

st

scc Rt

TTG Pul TCd

STG MTG

ITG

TLV

FuG

S

Hi

PoG

Ins

CG LV

IFGOp

fx

TTG

TTG

Peripheral structures: STG

Pi S

QP

Ent

Hi

MTG

Ent

FuG

FuG

ITG ITG

CH

3V third ventricle 4V fourth ventricle acer anterior cerebral artery argr arachnoid granulations BCd body of caudate nucleus bfx body of fornix cc corpus callosum CG cingulate gyrus CH cerebellar hemisphere cha anterior choroidal artery Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus fx fornix GrCi great (cerebellomedullary) cistern Hi hippocampus icv internal cerebral vein IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus LV lateral ventricle mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus occs occipital sinus OcG occipital gyri pcer posterior cerebral artery PCL paracentral lobule Pi pineal gland PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale Pul pulvinar thalami QP quadrigeminal plate Rt reticular thalamic nucleus S subiculum SB striatal cell bridges sca superior cerebellar artery scc splenium of the corpus callosum SFG superior frontal gyrus scp superior cerebellar peduncle sigs sigmoid sinus SMV superior medullary velum st stria terminalis STG superior temporal gyrus TCb tentorium cerebelli TCd tail of caudate nucleus Tec tectum of midbrain TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein TTG transverse temporal gyrus Ver vermis of cerebellum

Atlas atlas Axis axis emi emissary vein IObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle ivvpx internal vertebral venous plexus LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LSc levator scapulae muscle mmp middle meningeal artery, parietal branch Mul multifidus muscle occa occipital artery pauv posterior auricular vein ScalM scalenus muscle SObCa superior oblique capitis muscle SplCa splenius capitis muscle SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle StM sternomastoid muscle

59

11

(posterior view)

10 mm

SFG

MFG

SFG

SFG

PrG

PCL PoG

PrG

PoG PCL

PrG PrG

CG

POp

mcer

PTe

mcer

SMG

POp SMG

acer

Ins

TrLV

TTG FG

STG

POp TTG

scc

OcG

pcer ITG

FuG

OcG

FuG

Ver

Dt CH

60

STG MTG

CG

CG

PTe

TTG

chpx

MTG pcer

PCL

ITG

12

(anterior view)

TempM

Intracranial structures:

ss

acer anterior cerebral artery CG cingulate gyrus CH cerebellar hemisphere chpx choroid plexus of the lat. ventricle Dt dentate nucleus FG fasciolar gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus occs occipital sinus OcG occipital gyri pcer posterior cerebral artery PCL paracentral lobule pica posterior inferior cerebellar artery PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale scc splenium of the corpus callosum SFG superior frontal gyrus sigs sigmoid sinus SMG supramarginal gyrus ss straight sinus STG superior temporal gyrus TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle TTG transverse temporal gyrus Ver vermis of cerebellum

sigs pica

emi

occs SObCa occa

occa RePMi RePMj LgsCa

IObCa SpAx

StM

SSpCa SSpCe SplCa

CISM Vert3

Peripheral structures:

PrG

SFG

PrG PCL

PrG

PCL

SFG PoG

CISM emi IObCa LgsCa occa RePMi RePMj SObCa SpAx SplCa SSpCa SSpCe StM TempM Vert3

PoG

PCL CG

SMG

PoG

CG

POp PTe STG

cervical interspinal muscle emissary vein inferior oblique capitis muscle longissimus capitis muscle occipital artery rectus capitis post. minor muscle rectus capitis post. major muscle superior oblique capitis muscle spinous process of axis splenius capitis muscle semispinalis capitis muscle semispinalis cervicis muscle sternomastoid muscle temporalis muscle third vertebra

SMG CG

POp

TTG TTG

TTG TrLV

TTG

STG

CG FuG

MTG OcG ITG

FuG

OcG

FuG

ITG

MTG

61

12

(posterior view)

10 mm

PrG PrG PCL PoG

PoG

PCL

CG

SMG

acer mcer

mcer

pcer

CG

STG

SMG OLV

pcer

SMG

PoG

SMG

MTG

PCun PCun

PCun

STG

OcG MTG

OcG OcG ITG

62

FuG

FuG

ITG

13

ssgs

(anterior view)

Intracranial structures: acer anterior cerebral artery AnG angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Cun cuneus FuG fusiform gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus mcer middle cerebral artery MTG middle temporal gyrus occs occipital sinus OcG occipital gyri OLV occipital horn of lateral ventricle pcer posterior cerebral artery PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule ss straight sinus ssgs superior sagittal sinus STG superior temporal gyrus trs transverse sinus

OLV ss

trs

occs occv

occv

occa

occa RePMi StM RePMj SSpCa SplCa

Peripheral structures: occa occv RePMi RePMj SplCa SSpCa StM

occipital artery occipital vein rectus capitis post. minor muscle rectus capitis post. major muscle splenius capitis muscle semispinalis capitis muscle sternomastoid muscle

PoG

PrG PrG

PoG

PCL

PoG

PoG

SPL

PCL PCun

SPL SMG

CG

SMG SPL CG

SMG

SMG CG

PCun AnG

Cun

MTG

OLV

MTG FuG ITG

STG

PCun

STG

OcG

Cun

MTG

OcG ITG

MTG

OcG FuG

63

13

(posterior view)

10 mm

PrG

PoG

PCL

PoG

PCL SPL

SMG

SPL PCun

SPL PCun SMG

PCun

acer mcer

mcer

STG MTG

pcer

AnG MTG

Cun OcG

OcG ITG

FuG

OcG

64

AnG PCun Cun

AnG

OcG

OLV pcer

AnG

AnG

OcG

OcG

OcG

ITG

STG MTG

14

(anterior view)

Intracranial structures: acer anterior cerebral artery AnG angular gyrus cosi confluence of sinuses Cun cuneus FuG fusiform gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus mcer middle cerebral artery MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri OLV occipital horn of lateral ventricle pcer posterior cerebral artery PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TCb tentorium cerebelli trs transverse sinus

OLV

OcFrO

trs

occa

occv

cosi TCb

occa occv

SSpCa

Peripheral structures: SplCa

occa occv OcFrO SplCa SSpCa TzM

TzM

occipital artery occipital vein occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly splenius capitis muscle semispinalis capitis muscle trapezius muscle

SPL PoG PCun PCL

PoG SPL

SPL PCun

SMG

AnG PCun

OcG

Cun

AnG

OcG

PCun

Cun

AnG OcG

STG

OLV OcG OcG OcG OcG

65

14

(posterior view)

10 mm

PoG SPL SPL SPL AnG

PCun

AnG SPL Cun

acer

OcG

Cun

OcG pcer

pcer

OcG

17

17

66

17 OcG

15

(anterior view)

ssgs

Intracranial structures:

occa

occa

OcFrO

17 striate area acer anterior cerebral artery AnG angular gyrus Cun cuneus OcG occipital gyri pcer posterior cerebral artery PCun precuneus PoG postcentral gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule ssgs superior sagittal sinus Peripheral structures: occa OcFrO TzM

occipital artery occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly trapezius muscle

TzM

SPL

SPL

SPL SPL AnG PCun

AnG

AnG OcG

Cun

OcG

Cun AnG

17

17 OcG

OcG 17

67

15

(posterior view)

10 mm

SPL SPL

SPL

PCun

AnG PCun

OcG

AnG Cun OcG Cun

OcG

OcG 17

68

17

1.4 Sagittal Atlas of the Brain in the Head

Cerebral structures: 17 striate area AnG angular gyrus Cun cuneus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus SPL superior parietal lobule

69

Sagittal plane:

y´- direction:

z´- direction:

MR-images (prior to sectioning) in three planes of the head from which one hemisphere is shown on the following pages. Parameters: 0.15 Tesla, matrix 256 x 256, field of view 25 cm, multi-slice, slice thick­ ness 5 mm, 4 excitations, sequence: 5000/160. These heavy T2 weighted images highlight fluid-containing structures; uneven fluid collections (see lateral ventricles) are, therefore, visible. Note also that a

70

dental prosthesis caused single void and deviation artefacts. The top panel presents the sagittal MRIs and specifies the planes of sectioning of the middle and lower panel. Orientation of these MRIs was based on the intercommissural line. Therefore, the orientation of the horizontal MRIs in the

middle panel corresponds to the plane of cryosectioning of the head. Direct comparisons can be made with in-vivo MRIs which accompany that series of sections. The lower panel presents the coronal MRIs.

Surface views of the left hemisphere which is shown in the subsequent pages. The drawings of the hemisphere are arranged such

that they always show the same anterior-posterior orientation. The most important gyri are delineated. The midsagittal view depicts

the hemisphere with the Talairach space.

71

Surface views of the left hemisphere of the brain which has been sectioned in the sagittal plane as

72

indicated. The drawing of the midsagittal view has been mirror-imaged.

3

(lateral view)

Intracranial structures: AnG angular gyrus IFG inferior frontal gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG transverse temporal gyri Peripheral structures: 7n facial nerve EAud external auditory meatus ejugv external jugular vein MasM masseter muscle MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle Mst mastoid process of temporal bone MstC mastoid cells occv occipital vein OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OcFrO occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly OO orbicularis oculi muscle Plat platysma Ptd parotid gland ptdd parotid duct rmv retromandibular vein SplCa splenius capitis muscle sta superficial temporal artery StM sternomastoid muscle TempM temporalis muscle TempT temporalis muscle, tendon ZygA zygomatic arch

10 mm

SMG

IFG

OcFrF

PoG TempM

AnG

STG

TTG

PTe OcFrO

MTG ITG OO

TempT ZygA

MjZyg

MstC EAud

sta

Mst 7n ptdd

occv MasM

SplCa

Ptd rmv Plat

StM ejugv

73

3

(medial view)

Volunteer MRI

2500/5

10 mm

Volunteer MRI

PoG PrG

AnG

IFG

SMG

IFG POp PTe

TOp

TTG

TempM

STG MTG MTG

3000/355

OO

ITG OcG

TempT

MstC MasM

trs Mst occv occa

MjZyg

ectd

Dig LReCa LgsCa

Ptd

MasM

StT

SplCa rmv LSc

Ly StM

X-ray of the 1-cm slice of cadaver shown right

74

Ly

4

(lateral view)

Intracranial structures: AnG FuG IFG ITG MTG OcG PoG POp PrG PTe sigs SMG STG TOp trs TTG

angular gyrus fusiform gyrus inferior frontal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus middle temporal gyrus occipital gyri postcentral gyrus parietal operculum precentral gyrus planum temporale sigmoid sinus supramarginal gyrus superior temporal gyrus temporal operculum transverse sinus transverse temporal gyri

Peripheral structures:

10 mm

PrG PoG IFG SMG

FroC

POp

IFG OcFrF

AnG

PrG TOp

SphGW

TTG

PTe

STG

TempM

OcG

MTG

OO

ManF ATub

TempT Zyg

OcFrO OcG

ITG

sigs

ptgpx

ptdd

rmv

ectd

MasM

Mst Dig

facv

LgsCa

Ptd

fac

trs

EAud

MasM

MjZyg

FuG

Disc

ATub articular tubercle digastric muscle Dig Disc disk of temporo mandibular joint external auditory meatus EAud ectd external carotid artery facial artery fac facv facial vein frontal crest FroC LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LReCa lateral rectus capitis muscle LSc levator scapulae muscle Ly lymph node Man mandible ManF mandibular fossa MasM masseter muscle MjZyg major zygomaticus muscle Mst mastoid process of temporal bone MstC mastoid cells occa occipital artery occv occipital vein OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OcFrO occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly OO orbicularis oculi muscle Plat platysma Ptd parotid gland ptdd parotid duct ptgpx pterygoid plexus rmv retromandibular vein SM submandibular gland SplCa splenius capitis muscle SphGW sphenoid, greater wing StM sternomastoid muscle StT sternomastoid muscle, tendon TempM temporalis muscle TempT temporalis muscle, tendon Zyg zygomatic bone

SplCa

Man LSc Ly

SM Plat

StM

Ly

75

4

(medial view)

10 mm

PrG

MFG

PoG SPL IFG FOp

AnG

POp

Ins

PTe OcG

OFG TTG

STG

TOp

SphGW

FuG FuG

OcFrO

MTG

SCD

TempM

ITG

OO

ptgpx

trs

LPtg

mxa

5lg Ptd

occa

ptdd

SObCa

iala 5ial

RePMj SSpCa

SplCa TzM

LgsCa

IObCa

ijugv 12n 10n 9n

Symp

Dig rmv 12n

ectd

76

Man BucM

MPtg

fac

facv fac SM

ictd

ZygM

Ly Plat

5

(lateral view)

Intracranial structures: FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFG inferior frontal gyrus Ins insula ipets inferior petrosal sinus ITG inferior temporal gyrus mcer middle cerebral artery MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri OFG orbitofrontal gyri PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOp temporal operculum trs transverse sinus TTG transverse temporal gyri Peripheral structures:

10 mm

PrG PoG MFG IFG

SPL

IFG SPL POp

FOp Ins

OcFrF

OFG

mcer STG

AnG

PTe TTG

TOp

SphGW

OcG

MTG

mxa

FuG

ITG

TyC

OO TempM LPtg mxa

ipets

StyPh

ZygM

5lg

occa

Ptd 5ial MPtg BucM OOr

Man

Plat

occa

Dig StyHy

fac

SObCa

TrPAt IObCa

10n 11n

StyGl

fac

ijugv

12n

ScalM ictd SplCe

rmv

RePMj SSpCa

LgsCa

SplCa TzM

5ial inferior alveolar nerve 5lg lingual nerve 9n glossopharyngeal nerve 10n vagus nerve 11n accessory nerve 12n hypoglossal nerve or its root BucM buccinator muscle Dig digastric muscle ectd external carotid artery fac facial artery facv facial vein iala inferior alveolar artery ictd internal carotid artery ijugv internal jugular vein IObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle LPtg lateral pterygoid muscle Ly lymph node Man mandible MPtg medial pterygoid muscle mxa maxillary artery occa occipital artery OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OcFrO occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly OO orbicularis oculi muscle OOr orbicularis oris muscle Plat platysma Ptd parotid gland ptdd parotid duct ptgpx pterygoid plexus RePMj rectus capitis posterior major muscle rmv retromandibular vein ScalM scalenus muscle SCD semicircular ducts SM submandibular gland SObCa superior oblique capitis muscle SplCa splenius capitis muscle SplCe splenius cervicis muscle SphGW sphenoid, greater wing SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle StyGl styloglossus muscle StyHy stylohyoid muscle StyPh stylopharyngeus muscle Symp sympathetic trunk TempM temporalis muscle TrPAt transverse process of the atlas TyC tympanic cavity TzM trapezius muscle ZygM zygomatic muscles

ectd

77

5

(medial view)

10 mm

SFG PrG

MFG

PoG IFG

SPL

FOp FOp Cl TrLV

OcG

FuG

LRec

PHG

Cb

ijugv

occa

JugP

Mx

ptgpx TeVePal 5ial

9n

LLb

mxa

LAngO

BucM

5lg

vert

MPtg

RePMj

IObCa gocn

OOr

StyPh

socv

LgC

Oral

StyHy

StyGl

Man SCM MyHy

SplCa 5lg

StyHy lga

lga

DigT SM

Dig Plat

78

OO

MxS

ictd

10,11n

Lens

TempM IOb

ITG MTG

IAud

SSpCa

SRec

Amg

Aud

TzM

OFG

AIn DG

trs

OcFrF

Pu

fi

DpAO DpLb

6

(lateral view)

Intracranial structures: ac anterior commissure AIn agranular insular cortex (claustro-cortex insularis) Amg amygdala aud auditory radiation Cb cerebellum Cl claustrum DG dentate gyrus fi fimbria of the the hippocampus FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus GP globus pallidus Hi hippocampus IFG inferior frontal gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LG lateral geniculate nucleus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri OFG orbitofrontal gyri OLV occipital horn of lateral ventricle or optic radiation PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus Pu putamen Pul pulvinar thalami SFG superior frontal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule st stria terminalis STG superior temporal gyrus tail of caudate nucleus TCd thr thalamic radiation (corona radiata) TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

10 mm

Peripheral structures:

SFG MFG

PrG

MFG

PoG IFG SPL

AIn FOp

OFG OcFrF

Amg STG

Lens 5ior

IOrF

fac lab

ptgpx

LAngO

FuG

PHG

OcG

IAud

ITG

Cb 9,10,11n

LPtg

psa BucM

ivvpx

ictd

MPtg

RePMj

tongue SCM Man 5ial

MyHy Dig

vert

5lg

lga

trs

JugP

OOr

facv

OLV

Hi

5man

MxS

LLb

MTG

iora

mxa

TCd aud TrLV st or GP LG Pul DG

ac

Cl AIn

SRec

OO

thr

Pu

LgC

StyHy

DigT

SSpCa gocn

SSpCe

12n

StyHy

TrPAt socv IObCa

SplCa Hyoid

TzM

5ial 5ior 5lg 5man 9n 10n 11n 12n Aud BucM Dig DigT DpAO DpLb fac facv gocn IAud ictd ijugv IOb IObCa iora IOrF ivvpx JugP lab LAngO lga LgC lgv LLb LPtg LRec SM socv

inferior alveolar nerve infraorbital nerve lingual nerve mandibular nerve glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve accessory nerve hypoglossal nerve auditory tube buccinator muscle digastric muscle digastric muscle, tendon depressor anguli oris muscle depressor labii inferioris muscle facial artery facial vein greater occipital nerve internal auditory meatus internal carotid artery internal jugular vein & sigmoid sinus inferior oblique muscle inferior oblique capitis muscle infraorbital artery infraorbital foramen internal vertebral venous plexus jugular process labial artery levator anguli oris muscle lingual artery longus capitis and colli muscles lingual vein levator labii superioris muscle lateral pterygoid muscle lateral rectus muscle submandibular gland suboccipital venous plexus

StHy

Remainder explained in Index of Abbreviations

79

6

(medial view)

10 mm

PrG MFG

SFG PoG MFG

CG PCun

TLV

LTh

OcG

ac

GP

Pir

opt MG Amg

PHG

Cb

mcp

Pu

5n

LPal SRec

PAM

opha

MRec

Aud

OO

mxa

PtPF

ictd

5nc

2n

FuG

5Gn

12C

OFG

Li

AIn

cp

LgG

SFG

SB

ic

Pul

alv Hi Cun

Cd

st

MxS

MPtg dpala

AReCa SSpCa­­

RePMi

cern1

LeVePal TeVePal

LgC

PalT SCMPP PalPh

RePMj gocn

cern2 IObCa

HyGl lga

TzM

cern3

vert

Mul

SL

MyHy

ICM

80

OOr

sld

12n Hyoid

ThC ThHy

Oral

StHy

Plat

Dig

Man

7

(lateral view)

Intracranial structures: 5n trigeminal nerve anterior commissure ac AIn agranular insular cortex (claustro cortex insularis) alv alveus of hippocampus Amg amygdala Cb cerebellum Cd caudate nucleus CG cingulate gyrus cerebral peduncle cp Cun cuneus dentate gyrus DG FG fasciolar gyrus fusiform gyrus FuG GP globus pallidus Hi hippocampus ic internal capsule ipets inferior petrosal sinus LgG lingual gyrus limen insulae Li LTh lateral thalamic nuclear region middle cerebellar peduncle mcp MFG middle frontal gyrus medial geniculate nucleus MG OcG occipital gyri orbitofrontal gyri OFG opt optic tract PAM periamygdaloid cortex PCun precuneus parahippocampal gyrus PHG Pir piriform cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus Pu putamen Pul pulvinar SB striatal cell bridges SFG superior frontal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule st stria terminalis Th thalamus TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle

10 mm

SFG MFG

SFG

PrG PoG

MFG SFG Cd

Peripheral structures:

PCun GP

OFG

Th

ic

ac OFG

cp

2n

Cun

DG OcG

opha

IOb

5Gn

PtPF

ipets

dpala MxS

ictd

MPtg

Aud 12C

LeVePal TeVePal

LgC

vert

AtOc

tongue cern2

SL 12n Man

MyHy

FG CG

cern3

lga LgFo

StHy

IObCa

gocn

SSpCa

Dura

Dig Hyoid

RePMi cern1 RePMj

SplCa TzM EGl ThC

2n optic nerve 5Gn trigeminal ganglion 5nc nasociliary nerve 12C hypoglossal canal 12n hypoglossal nerve AReCa anterior rectus capitis muscle AtOc atlanto-occipital joint Aud auditory tube cern (1-3) cervical nerve (1-3) Dig digastric muscle, ant. belly dpala descending palatine artery EGl epiglottis gocn greater occipital nerve HyGl hyoglossus muscle Hyoid hyoid bone ictd internal carotid artery IOb inferior oblique muscle IObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle lga lingual artery LeVePal levator veli palatini muscle LgC longus capitis and colli muscles LgFo lingual follicle LPal levator palpebrae superioris muscle MPtg medial pterygoid muscle MRec medial rectus muscle Mul multifidus muscle mxa maxillary artery MxS maxillary sinus SCMPP superior constrictor of the pharynx, pterygopharyngeal part StHy sternohyoid muscle Remainder explained in Index of Abbreviations

81

7

(medial view)

10 mm

PoG PrG SFG CG

SFG

cc

PCun

st

DSF CG Cun

MD Pul

HCd OcFrF

ic

CM

FStr

R SN

Tec

OcG

LTh

SFG

Li SG

IPF 2n ictd

OFG

ictd

Pons Occ

IO

TTub TLev ald

AAT

oaud

SPhF

Mx

PAT

smd

IObCa Axis

GeGl

DAx

MyHy EGl

82

OOr Oral

Plat

Dig

8

(lateral view)

Intracranial structures: 2n optic nerve ac anterior commissure BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis cc corpus callosum CG cingulate gyrus CM centromedian thalamic nucleus DSF dorsal superficial nucleus FStr fundus striati HCd head of caudate nucleus ic internal capsule IO inferior olive IPF interpe duncular fossa LC locus coeruleus Li limen insulae LTh lateral thalamic nuclear region and reticular nucleus MD mediodorsal thalamic nucleus OcG occipital gyri OFG orbitofrontal gyri PCun precuneus PoG postcentral gyrus Pons pons PrG precentral gyrus Pul pulvinar R red nucleus SFG superior frontal gyrus SG straight gyrus SN substantia nigra st stria terminalis Tec tectum of midbrain Th thalamus

10 mm

Peripheral structures:

PoG

SFG

PrG

PCun

CG

HCd BNST FStr Li OFG SG

Th

ac

R

Tec

SN

2n

LC

OcG

SPalF NPhT AtOcMe SPal

ald AtAx tla

Atlas

IObCa

GeGl Man

AAT anterior arch of atlas ald apical ligament of dens all anterior longitudinal ligament AtAx altanto-axial membrane Atlas atlas AtOcMe atlanto-occipital membrane Axis axis DAx dens axis Dig digastric muscle EGl epiglottis GeGl genioglossus muscle GeHy geniohyoid muscle ictd internal carotid artery IObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle Man mandible Mx maxilla MyHy mylohyoid muscle NPhT nasopharyngeal tonsil oaud opening of auditory tube Occ occipital bone OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OOr orbicularis oris muscle Oral oral cavity PAT posterior arch of atlas Plat platysma smd submandibular duct SPal soft palate SPalF salpingopalatine fold SPhF salpingopharyngeal fold tla transverse ligament of atlas TLev torus levatorius TTub torus tubarius

GeHy

all

83

8

(medial view)

10 mm

PoG

SFG

PrG

PCun CG

Cun

Th

fx

SCA

ac Tec

R SN

OcG

LT P3V

Pons

OFG

ox

Pit

SphS

py npal Mx

SPal

Atlas

IObCa DAx

GeGl

Axis

GeHy

EGl Abbreviations: see Index

84

MyHy

Part 2: Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space

85

2.1 Material and Methods 2.1.1 The Brain The Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space (AHB) is based on the right hemisphere of a 24-year-old male (1905-1929). The cause of death was hypovolemic shock and the death to fixation interval was 3 hours. This brain belongs to the Vogt-collection of Düsseldorf. The brain weight at autopsy was 1383 g, the fresh volume was 1316.3 cm3 (see more details in Published Studies, Section 2.6). The values of some linear measurements for the fixed brain are given in Fig. 2.2. The external morphology of the formalin-fixed brain is shown on pages 95 to 97. This brain was selected because it was sectioned well and stained well by the great anatomists Oscar and Cécil Vogt and has been studied in the ensuing years by a number of scientists, including the Vogts, H. Brockhaus, R. Hassler, W. Wahren, F. Sanides and A. Hopf. In this Atlas we display the mylo- and cytoarchitecture of the right brain hemisphere accompanied by detailed diagrammatic delineations. 2.1.2 Methods Histological Procedures: The brain was cut by O. Vogt into five blocks oriented vertically to the intercommissural plane before being embedded in paraffin. Serial frontal (coronal) sections of 20 μm thickness were prepared. Most sections were stained with either cresyl violet or hematoxylin. Some additional sections remained unstained and we processed them immunohistochemically (e.g., substance P; see Section 2.6). Since the first and the last paraffin sections of each block were only partially recovered, we have drawn the approximate outlines of these sections by using photographs of the cut surface of the individual blocks, which were taken before sectioning. Estimates of Volume Changes: Volume changes occurring during autopsy, fixation and embedding in paraffin provide major obstacles in comparing sections with the in vivo condition. In the Atlas brain, the volume changes due to formalin fixation are negligible because the brain volume at the fixation time corresponds to the values determined at autopsy (Longerich, 1989). It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the dimensions of the formalin fixed brain (Fig. 2.2) represent the in vivo condition. 86

The overall volumetric changes that occurred during the histological preparation (due to dehydration, paraffin embedding, cutting, and mounting of the sections) were calculated in two ways: first, by estimating the extent of shrinkage artefacts on scaled photographs. The 1:1 scaled photographs of the surface views of the fixed brain and of the block-face were correlated with the histological sections. The transformation of the histological sections according to the shrinkage calculated revealed no appreciable nonlinear changes (Sievert, 1992). Second, by determination of the differences in the linear dimensions between the fixed, unembedded hemisphere (scaled photographs) and the serially sectioned hemisphere (Lange and Thörner, 1974) (see Section 2.6). For application as a reference brain, interindividual variability and shrinkage artefacts are the foremost variables that must be considered. The degree of shrinkage artefacts revealed no appreciable nonlinear changes (Sievert, 1992). Therefore, we are confident that our image data meet the condition of a reference atlas, hereby providing detailed histological data. 2.1.3 Earlier Histological, Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Studies Numerous descriptive and quantitative studies were performed on sections from the brain represented in the Atlas. The relevant descriptive studies and morphometric data (fresh volume, volume of serial sections, numeric cell density, volumetric cell density, and absolute cell numbers of cortical divisions and subcortical nuclei) have been listed together with references in Section 2.6. Please note, that in several publications features or data of this brain were compared to other brains. Full text of most of these studies is found on the free website: www. thehumanbrain.info in an editable format.

2.1.5 Photographic Plates and Corresponding Diagrams The Atlas contains: • 99 photographs of sections stained for myelin juxtaposed by 99 detailed diagrams. • 50 photographs of sections stained for cell bodies, interposed at half the frequency of the myelin series. All photographs and diagrams are adjusted to the MNI stereotaxic space (see below). The magnification of the photographs is higher than the diagrams because in this way the photographs can be bled for the sake of greater resolution. Rostral to the genu of the corpus callosum and caudal to the splenium we used higher and varying magnification, dictated by the availability of space. Between these two levels we kept the magnification constant. The cell stained (Nissl) sections are not diagramed but are accompanied by high resolution photographs of cortical areas on the facing page of full page Nissl sections. These areas were selected to fit those depicted and described in the work of von Economo and Koskinas (1925). This provides the possibility to compare the histological features of the closely corresponding regions and to read the very detailed descriptions which accompany their photographs. Additionally, the cortical cytoarchitectonic ribbon is unfolded and presented linearly as “stripes” in registration with the interpretation of earlier authors as we perceive their work (Section 2.14). Because any position within these stripes has a precise relation to the coordinates of the MNI-space, delineations of cortex areas derived from other classes of research can be registered. By this option any region of interest can be mapped within these stripes and compared with existing entries.

2.1.4 Nomenclature

2.1.6 Three-Dimensional Reconstructions

Considering the obvious need for a stable neuroanatomical nomenclature, we have decided to use the abbreviation system of Paxinos and colleagues because it is consistently used in atlases of various animals, used by many experts in the field of neuroscience and in the companion volume of this atlas, “The Human Nervous System” (Mai and Paxinos, 2012).

For the 3-D analysis we used “contourlines” to define pial and ventricular surfaces, borderlines around identified nuclei and their subdivisions (e.g. basal ganglia, amygdala, basal nuclear complex, hypothalamus and thalamus), and delineations of some compact fiber tracts (optic tract, anterior commissure, h1- and h2-fascicles, inferior thalamic peduncle) from 385

Figure 2.1. Generation of the 3D model of the human brain structures from the delineations and manual segmentations of histological sections which are represented in the Atlas. (a) Sections from the Atlas are aligned in the stereotaxic space and the borders of the nuclei of the anterior group of the thalamus are defined. (b) The cross-section areas of the anterior nuclei and of the paratenial nucleus located in front of the plane of the depicted myelin section (considering steadiness and consistency of the borderlines of neighboring sections). (c) Representation of relevant neighborhood relations. (d) 3D model of the anterior nuclei and their topographical situation. (e) The 3D model embedded within the MNI space (modified from Mai and Forutan, 2012).

sections of one hemisphere (Fig. 2.1). The correct segmentation of individual structures was not derived from a single class of research. We considered results from a range of conventional and immuno-stained sections from many other brains, including evaluations of more than 50 developing brains and a large number of brain sections from Pathology and from the Vogt-collection. We have always respected the results from the numerous cyto- and myeloarchitectonic studies that were previously performed on the represented brain and have used as often as possible the original delineations provided by these earlier workers. Generally, the consistency of the drawings, section-to-section, was of higher importance than a precise correspondence between the photographs and the drawings. For each model structure separate voxel and surface representations were constructed (Mai and Majtanik, 2013). This reconstruction became embedded into the 3D template of the human brain developed from the “3D- Atlas of the Human Brain” (3D-AHB) (Mai and Majtanik, 2014). 2.1.7 Standardization Our Atlas uses a reference system where the brain space is defined metrically with the zero point (= point 0/0/0) for all three dimensions being the center of the anterior commissure (Fig. 2.3a). The morphologic data of the hemispheres, therefore, are handled as coordinate points in this 3-D (metric) grid as X- (mediolateral), Y- (vertical), and Z- (fronto-occipital) coordinates (Fig. 2.3b). Scaling of the photographs

and accompanying diagrams are accordingly provided in metric coordinates. Data and Measurements: The major linear dimensions of the Atlas of the Human Brain (AHB) are provided in Fig. 2.2. We defined the stereotaxic space by the midsagittal plane and the perpendicular plane which passes through the center of the anterior and posterior commissures, respectively (Assheuer et al., 1990). We have used the plane through the centers of the commissures (intercommisural plane, ICP) because of its established use in neurosurgery and its easier definition if compared with points at the limiting border of each commissure (see Tamraz and Comair, 2000). The vertical planes (VAC, VPC) pass through the centers of the anterior and posterior commissure, respectively. The distance between VAC and VPC is 28 mm. This stereotaxic coordinate system can be directly spatially registered to the dimensions of alternative coordinate spaces e.g. the Talairach Atlas or the MNI/ICBM templates. 2.1.8 Mapping of the Atlas Space to the Talairach-Space In order to facilitate the comparison of the original Talairach structural labelings, effort has been made to transform the dimensions of this individual brain to the Talairach stereotaxic space (Talairach and Szikla, 1967; Talairach and Tournoux, 1988). In the last edition of our Atlas of the Human Brain (2008) we have applied linear transformation of the Atlas brain

into the Talairach and Tournoux (T&T) standard proportional grid system. This approach is problematic for several reasons. First, the Atlas was prepared from the brain of a 24 year old male person; the T&T atlas is based on the brain of a 60 year old female. Second, not all linear dimensions of the Atlas- and the T&T-brains are exactly congruent. As illustrated in Fig. 2.2 the linear mediolateral and fronto-occipital dimensions of the formalin-fixed Atlas brain correspond to those of the T&Tbrain. The vertical dimension, however, is reduced with respect to the distance below and above the ICL (Sievert, 1992). Third, the distances of the stereotaxic grid along the orthogonal planes have different values with respect to the Talairach space reported 1967 and 1968, respectively. Finally, and most important, is the use of different baselines (see below). To make the linear dimensions between both atlases directly comparable, we have adjusted the vertical dimension of the Atlas-brain to that of the T&T-brain (Fig. 2.2). In the first edition of the Atlas (1995), we showed two scalings on the schematic diagrams, indicating the different dimension as illustrated by the green arrows in Fig. 2.2. One scale provided the vertical dimension of the stained histological sections, the other the calculated dimensions according to the standard dimensions of the T&T space. In the last edition (2008), we showed the diagrams in the (transformed) dimension of the T&T space. The photographs of the myelin-stained sections remained without linear distortion and showed the original, unchanged dimension.

87

171 171 78 59

96

121

ICL 43 37 68

28

75

70

67

AHB

76

25

68

T&T

Figure 2.2. Graphic representation of the formalin-fixed Atlas brain before embedding (left) and after transformation into the Talairach and Tournoux standard proportional grid system (right). The linear dimensions of the orthogonal reference lines (in mm) are indicated. The linear anterior-posterior and medio-lateral dimensions of the formalin-fixed brain correspond well to the values of the Talairach space. The vertical dimension is, however, reduced (green arrows) (Sütfels, 2011).

If maps from the Atlas- and the T&T-brain are compared at the same section levels, differences in various areas are obvious (Fig. 2.4). These result from the different slopes of the stereotaxic baseline used for the standardization procedure. The Atlas space is based on the intercommissural line (ICL), which passes through the centers of the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) commissure, respectively. The vertical line of the anterior commissure (VAC) extends orthogonally through the center of the AC (Assheuer et al., 1990). The T&T space is based on the bicommissural line (BCL). This line connects the upper border of the anterior commissure with the lower border of the posterior commissure. VAC and VCP orient perpendicular to the BCL from the posterior and anterior margins of the AC and PC, respectively (Fig. 2.3.a). Consequently, the zero point (intersection of the commissural line and VAC) of both coordinate systems locate differently (center of AC versus posterior margin of AC). Distance values between both commissures and especially the representation of section content are different. Fig. 2.3a demonstrates the differences in the geometry of both systems and the main consequences: • The origin of the coordinate system is different. That leads to a shift of corresponding coordinate points. For example, the values for the AC-PC distance differ albeit the actual distance is equal. If the diameter of the anterior commissure is calculated with 2-3 mm, the coordinate zero-point of the T&T-Atlas is 1 to 1.5 mm posterior. This is the distance, by which structures along the anterior-posterior axis are shifted. • The different slope of the commissural lines (ICL or BCL) leads to a different representation of the frontal plane (Fig. 2.4). 88

• The limited matching between the histological features from both atlases is best visualized if actual sections with the same coordinate points are compared. Fig. 2.4 shows the consequences with respect to the dimension and content illustrated at three section levels: in front of the anterior commissure, between both commissures and posterior to the posterior commissure.

a +y

+z

the direct correspondence of coordinates (ROIs), especially distant to the midcommissural point. The discrepancy between the Talairach coordinates and those from the Atlas makes the correlation of ROIs with anatomic structures difficult and therefore not all published coordinates refer to the same neuroanatomical region (Sütfels, 2011). However, since the Talairach coordinates can be converted into MNI coordinates (Lancaster et al., 2007; Laird et al., 2010) this platform provides the possibility for (indirect) comparison with our Atlas in the MNI space (see below). Because of the limitations ensuing from comparison between our Atlas and the atlas from Talairach and Tournoux (1988) we have in this edition tried to compare the Atlas with the information provided by the MNI standard space. 2.1.9 Mapping of the Atlas Space to the MNI/ ICBM2009b Template The MNI defines a new standard brain by using a large series of MRI scans on normal controls. The MNI152 6th generation standard space consists of multiple linear and nonlinear averages of 152 normal MRI scans from the MNI152 database that were transformed into a symmetric model in the Talairach space (Collins, 2012; Evans et al., 1992, 1993). The new MNI/ICBM2009 spaces are a set of unbiased non-linear averages of the MNI152 database with both high-spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. This space is not biased by the deviations of any single brain (Fonov et al., 2011).

+z

+x

+x

+y

b

AHB

T&T

Figure 2.3. a) Comparison between the intercommissural line (ICL) and the bicommisural line (BCL) and the consequence with respect to the orthogonal frontal section plane. b) The orientation between both stereotaxic frames of the AHB and the T&T is different (Sütfels, 2011).

The overlays of diagrams taken from the T&T-atlas and from this Atlas at corresponding levels along the fronto-occipital axis (y in the T&T-; z in the Atlas brain) illustrate that the different slope of the BCL in the T&T and of the ICL in the Atlas brain results in a shift along the vertical axis of each image pair that is dependent in extent from the distance from the crossing point of the two baselines (ICL and BCL) (Fig. 2.4). The figures demonstrate that the different geometry due to the standardization protocols used precludes

The construction of MNI/ICBM2009 involved multiple iterations of a process where, at each iteration, individual MRIs were non-linearly fitted to the average template from the previous iteration, starting with the MNI152 linear template. Furthermore, a specific age-based subpopulation of subjects became created. The scans within each group were then automatically re-registered to the stereotaxic space target template with an iterative nonlinear co-registration algorithm applied to obtain the group averages (Fonov et al., 2011). In the present edition of the Atlas registration was made to comply with the MNI space (see Fig.2.5). Not only the diagrams but also the photographs of the original histological brain sections were nonlinearly registered to fit that space with respect to its dimensions. The MNI brain is significantly different in shape compared with the Atlas brain. The MNI template is larger than the Atlas brain, especially along the dorso-ventral

Figure 2.4. Topographic correlation of images from the Talairach atlas and from the Atlas brain. The different slopes of the baseline (ICL and BCL) of the standardization protocols yield a shift along the vertical axis of both image spaces that is dependent in extent from the distance from the crossing point of the two baselines (compare to figure 2.3a). This precludes direct correspondence of coordinates (ROIs). (a) Corresponding section planes located 12 mm anterior to the AC. Panel D (y = +12 mm) of the T & T overlaid to the Atlas plate 22 (z = -12.5 mm) of the AHB. The plane of section is 12 mm anterior to the anterior commissure. The image visualizes the effect of the increasing distance between the BCL (T & T) and ICL (AHB). The outer contours and subcortical structures show a generally good congruence between the T & T and the Atlas templates. However, of the outer contours (broken line) and the location of the putamen (green) and caudate nucleus (yellow) of the T & T panel are shifted ventrally if both images are aligned on the ICL. (b) Panel D_E (y = 0 mm ) of the T & T and corresponding panel 32 (z = 0.0 mm ) of the AHB at the center of the anterior commissure. The superimposed diagrams from both atlases show a good agreement of the subcortical structures; the outer brain contours, however show appreciable differences. (c) Overlay of panel E ( y = -12 mm) of the T & T and the corresponding plate 44 (z = 13.3 mm) of the AHB. Rather good congruence of the superimposed diagrams due to the location of both diagrams at the point of intersection of the ICL and the BCL, respectively (adapted from Sütfels, 2011).

axis by about 30 mm and along the anterior-posterior axis by about 10 mm. In the MNI space the center of the anterior commissure (AC) is about 4.5 mm more ventral and 2.5 mm more anterior than the origin [0,0,0] of the MNI template (MNI AC coordinates = [0, -2.5, -4.5]) (Fig.2.5b). It is also noteworthy that the ICL plane is not exactly horizontal. Due to the restriction of the deformation fields for the slice-to-slice reconstruction (slice orientation of the Atlas is constant) a perfect global conversion of 3D-AHB to MNI coordinates is somewhat complicated. Therefore we performed a two stage mapping of the Atlas to the MNI152/ ICBM2009b symmetric brain template provided by the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) (Mai and Majtanik, 2013). To this end a shape constrained 3D reconstruction of the Atlas has been created.

181

181

83

85

Origin of MNI space

128

45

43

a

70

111

72

b

anterior commissure

74

107

128

72

Figure 2.5. (a) Linear dimensions of the Atlas brain after transformation to the MNI-dimensions (AHB-MNI). (b) Composite showing the MNI template projected to the midsaggital view of the AHB-MNI. The blue arrows point to the x/y/z center of the coordinates of both stereotaxic spaces. MNI/ICBM2009b brain, ©1993–2004 Louis Collins, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University.

The 3D reconstruction was performed in 2 stages: the linear and the nonlinear stage. During the first stage we created a sliceto-slice linearly registered Atlas volume and a corresponding brain segmentation of the ICBM2009b brain. In this step 1D and 3D geometric constrains were defined (Fig. 2.6). The set of 1D landmarks consisted of the anterior-posterior extension of the brain, AC, PC, pole of the temporal lobe, and the extension of the corpus callosum. As 3D volume constrains we used the overall shape of the brain, ventricles, corpus callosum, optic tract, lateral and medial geniculate bodies, septum, mammillary bodies. Since the deformation fields during the slice-to-slice reconstruction are restricted to the 2D coronal plane we generated for each slice a corresponding slice from the 3D constrain volumes and used them in the next nonlinear step of the reconstruction.

2.1.10 AHB Reconstruction with MNI/ ICBM2009b Shape Constrain The 3D reconstruction of the Atlas of the Human Brain in Stereotaxic (MNI) Space (AHB) was created from delineations of 358 coronal slices with maximal sliceto-slice distance of 0,4 mm. For the 3D reconstruction of the AHB we employed our novel geometric shape constrained 3D reconstruction algorithm for serial sections (Mai and Majtanik, 2014). This algorithm creates a specific 3D-AHB reconstruction such that it corresponds to the MNI/ICBM-2009b space. A single geometric shape constrain defines a homologous structure in the AHB and in the MNI brain that will be perfectly matched during the nonlinear part of the reconstruction process. The geometric constrains can be defined as a set of one, two or tree dimensional structures (1D, 2D or 3D constrains).

ICL

ICL

Figure 2.6 Corresponding landmarks between MNI/ ICBM2009b brain (top) and AHB brain (bottom). For the generation of the geometric shape constrains the following landmarks marked by black vertical lines were used: anterior-posterior extension of the brain, AC, PC, pole of the temporal lobe, and the extension of the corpus callosum. MNI/ICBM2009b brain: ©1993–2004 Louis Collins, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University.

The slice-to-slice registration was followed by a global nonlinear stage. Each slice was nonlinearly registered to the neighboring slices. Simultaneously, the geometric constrains for each slice were aligned. After the initial match a high resolution iterative optimization procedure was applied to ensure perfect match between 89

the geometric volumes and the structures of the AHB. We used an optimized sequence of tree multimodal measures during this high resolution step. The resulting 3D volume along with the corresponding MNI MRI slices were used to register the histological sections into the MNI/ISBM2009b space. 2.1.11 Registration of the Histological Sections to the Reconstructed Volume Prior to the registraton an intensity correction algorithm was employed for optimization of the histological data accounting for staining inhomogeneities and deformations such as shearing, local compression, tearing. Missing parts of the slices were reconstructed either from neighboring slices or by means of inpainting algorithm. We have indicated the reconstructed areas by grey broken lines in the fiber-stained sections. A total of 99 fiber and 50 cell stained

a

Figure 2.8. Examples of the automatic correlation between the histomorphologic and MR-image datasets. (a) Registration of the human thalamus model from Mai and Forutan (2012) to the MNI template. (b) Registration of the human hypothalamus model from Y. Koutcherov (see page 427) to a formalin fixed autopsy brain with severe pathological changes due to infarction. After transformation the borders of Atlas-regions are shown as overlay on the individual MRimages in any chosen plane. The precision of the registration can be controlled and can - if necessary - be interactively adjusted. This procedure uses no probability maps and preserves the original MR data. Therefore, the high original resolution by MRI is retained. Any point within the (individual) MR-brain can be back-registered by the transformation matrix to the Atlas brain and used for intra- and extramural communication. (Data from Mai and Majtanik, 2014).

2.1.12 Use of the Atlas for the Interpretation of Individual in vivo Brains Figure 2.8 shows examples of the automatic correlation between the histomorphologic and MR-image datasets. For the Atlas being registrered to a standard MR-dataset an automatic two stage processing pipeline is used. In the first stage the 3D Atlas template is registered to the target brain with standard 1mm resolution. This stage uses a T1-weighted and optionally a co-registered T2-weighted MR image of the patient’s brain as an input. First, an automatic localization of the anatomical landmarks AC and PC derived from Pallavaram et al. (2009) is performed. In the next step image intensities are corrected and normalized. The preprocessing ends with an intensity-based segmentation of the brain (white and gray matter) and of the ventricles. Further, a standard resolution (1mm) Atlas registration is performed by three registrations with increasing degrees of freedom (DOF), rigid (6 DOF), affine (12 DOF) and non-linear diffeomorphic registration. Each registration type uses a coarse-to-fine approach and smooth-tosharp refinement similar to the one described in Haegelen et al. (2013).

Figure 2.7. Myelin stained section (top left) at the level of the anterior commissure registered to the corresponding MNI slice (top right). Below: color coded composite of both images: myelin stained section (green), MNI slice (red). MNI brain; ©1993–2004 Louis Collins, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University.

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high resolution slices were registered to the 3D AHB reconstruction by means of the multimodal registration procedure. In the first step the slices were registered to the corresponding sections from the 3D reconstruction. The next step consisted of local high resolution multimodal registration of the subcortical part of the slice to the corresponding MNI section. For the registration of the plates to the MNI space we used a pseudo-grey level representation of the schemata.v

b

The accuracy and the robustness of the used algorithms are critical for the precision of the resulting Atlas-based segmentation. With the standard 1mm MR resolution the description details of the deformation fields are not sufficient. Therefore a second high resolution stage is executed. In the second stage a Gaussian volume mask corresponding to a region-of-interest (ROI)

around the target and surrounding structures (thalamus, striatum, ...) are defined in the patients MR and in the Atlas template space. The ROIs are super-sampled to a resolution of 0.1 mm. The ROIs are coregistered using diffeomorphic registration algorithms (Beg et al., 2005). In this high resolution stage the results of the first stage are locally optimized with a sequence of multi-modal distance measures to perfectly match computer identified control volumes. After the registration the borders of Atlasregions are shown as overlay on the individual MR-images in any chosen plane and can - if necessary - become adjusted to relevant landmarks. This procedure uses no probability maps and maintains the original MR data. Therefore, the high original resolution by MRI is retained (Fig. 2.8). Registration of the 3D-MRI into the MNI space facilitates the precise identification, localization and characterization of anatomical cortical and subcortical regions in MNI normalized datasets. Because the transformation matrix is known any point within the MR-brain can be correlated to the Atlas brain. The 3D-AHB can thus serve as registry of the corresponding coordinates and as module for the integration of databank entries. 2.1.13 Mapping of the Cortex Areas Since many reports of ROIs have been correlated with the Brodmann areas we have used these delineations for correlation with the histology of the brain sections.

Figure 2.9. Brodmann (1909) parcellations of the cortex surface-registered to the 3D-AHB. The 3D-AHB is shown in three different representations: fiducial, very inflated and as flat map. (Data from Mai and Majtanik, 2014).

Preparation of the Brodmann Areas: The photographs of the cell-stained sections and the schematic drawings show delineations of the cortex which are based on the original maps of Brodmann (1909). We have used the surface-based maps that were generated (in Caret) by Van Essen (Van Essen, 2005, Van Essen et al. 2012) but we have induced a modification by manually estimating areal boundaries on the Atlas brain and transferring them onto the surface of the 3D reconstruction. The same procedure as for mapping the Brodmann areas has been applied for the registration of the von Economo and Koskinas surface-based maps. The resulting areal boundaries are not shown on the sections or diagrams but are indicated on the linear representation of the cortical ribbon (“stripes”, Section 2.1.14). The Brodmann and von Economo and Koskinas surface-based maps were generated by manually estimating areal boundaries on the 3D reconstructed AHB using as a reference the classical drawings from these authors. Further, the reconstructed 3D-AHB was surface-registered to the PALS12 atlas of Van Essen by open source software Caret (Van Essen 2005, Van Essen et al., 2012). The Brodmann and von Economo and Koskinas parcellations of the cortex were then projected onto the flat map cortex representation of the AHB. The cortical parcellation of the cortex represented by the flatmaps of the PALS12 atlas was back-transformed to the AHB by means of inverse deformation fields. Since the insula and the areal boundaries of the orbitofrontal cortex are not sufficiently delineated in the Brodmann map we have included the insula as defined by the circular sulcus and have used the delineations of Öngur et al. (2003) from the PALS12 atlas flat map representations for the parcellation of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (Öngur et al. 2003, Van Essen et al. 2012). Flat Map Registration and Transformation to the Atlas Slices: For the projection of the cortical parcellations to the 2D sections we generated a coronal section through the 3D-AHB surface representation at the corresponding position. From the intersection of the surface with the coronal cutting plane a linear contour representation of the parcellation was generated and transferred to the histological section. For the schemata and Nissl stained sections the parcellations from Brodmann (1909) and Öngür et al. (2003) were adopted.

Figure 2.10. Linear representation of the cortex as „stripes“. The left figure shows the MNI-registered cell-stained slice with delineated Brodmann areas. The right-sighted cartoon depicts the “unwrapping” of the cortex into stripes. The stripes are defined as straight bands of “unfolded” cortex together with parcellation bands (a). The stripe segment depicted in (b) represents the cortex between the two blue marking lines in (a). The small segment indicated be asterisks is shown at different magnifications in the left-sided figure and in a-c (red boxed area**.) Functional area delineations are shown at the bottom of the stripe at (b).

We are very aware that the representation of the borders indicating areal boundaries of “original” Brodmann areas is at present only best guess and needs confirmation or changes depending on more accurate methodological studies. This will be aided by additional features that update the structural and functional analysis of the sections: (i) We make the the original cell- and fiber-stained sections available at high magnification in the internet (www.thehumanbrain.info). (ii) On the facing page of each full page Nissl section we present photographs showing small sectors of cortical areas that are displayed at high magnification to allow the study of the cytoarchitectonic characteristics. We selected preferentially those areas which are thought to correspond with the photographs published by von Economo and Koskinas (1925). This has the advantage that their descriptions can be evaluated with respect to correspondence or conflicts. Thus, the user of the AHB can profit from their monumental work of more than 800 pages and their histological atlas. (iii) As a novel way of depicting cortical areal pattern we show the cortical cytoarchitectonic ribbon unfolded in a linear presentation (see 2.1.10 and 2.2.12). This representation maintains the x/y/z coordinates of the brain space and allows the easy registration of the interpretation of other authors and of regions of interest provided by imaging techniques.

2.1.14 Generation of the Linear Representation of Cortex “Stripes” For mapping, documentation and comparison between differing interpretations of cortex areas and inclusion of activation areas (ROIs) we produced linear representations of the cortex (Fig. 2.10). The linearization is based on a solution of the Laplace equation between inner and outer contour, and resampling of the cortex along the traverses. We call this linear representation a stripe. The stripe is a band that represents equally spaced sampling of the cortex. For the AHB we present the stripe representations of the Brodmann and von Economo and Koskinas cortex parcellations supplemented by the parcellations of Öngür et al. (2003). We also show a stripe with the representation of the gyri and sulci which aides the orientation and localization of the areas involved. The presentation of linear cortex stripes adjusts the different regions of interest into common coordinates and allows easy comparison of different results reported at common coordinate points or regions. 2.1.15 The Layout of the Myelo- and Cytoarchitectonic Stereotaxic Atlas in MNI Space The main part of the “Myelo- and Cytoarchitectonic Stereotaxic Atlas” consists of 99 fiber-stained (myelin) plates and their graphic interpretation, both mounted on facing pages (Fig. 2.11). 91

5 8 3 4 7 1

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6 Figure 2.11. Open page view of the Atlas depicting the layout with the fiber-stained (myelin) sections (1) and corresponding diagrams (2) on facing pages. The colors of the cortex of the myelin section illustrate the gyral and sulcal anatomy. Since the interpretation of the cortical surface is more detailed than in the three Atlases of the Brain in the Head the color coding is not always exactly matching between the Atlases. The colors outlining the cortex on the right-sided diagram (2) illustrate the Brodmann areas. The locators (3,4), accordingly, show the anatomical cortex map (on the even numbered pages) and the Brodmann map as generated from automatic registration (on the odd numbered pages). Note that

3

the size of the photographs and of the diagrams are not identical (see next page). The section level is indicated first, by the serial plate number (5) second, by the vertical bar in the locators, third, by the section and slice number (6) and finally, most important, by values next to the locator (7,8). The MNI-position gives the distance from the center of the anterior commisure in the MNI space; the ICL-position refers to the distance from the center of the anterior commissure (y=0) of the Atlas brain; MCP indicates the distance from the midcommissural point of the ICL of the Atlas brain.

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Figure 2.12. Layout of the pages presenting the photographs of the cell-stained (Nissl) sections and accompanying features. The delineated and numbered cortex areas on the cell-stained (Nissl) photographs indicate the Brodmann areas (1). The locators (2) show the midsagittal and lateral views of the brain with the Brodmann parcellations as fiducial representation (compare to Fig. 2.9). The boxed area (3) indicates the segment of cortex which is depicted at high magnification on the right side (4). The location of this segment was selected to correspond to a photograph from the von Economo and Koskinas atlas illustrating the cytoarchitecture of this region (5). In the lower half the cortical cytoarchi-

tectonic ribbon is unfolded and presented linearly (6). The bands which are seen below the cortical cytoarchitectonic ribbon (7) provide the sequence of the sulcal-gyral organization, the Brodmann areas, the von Economo and Koskinas areas and interpretations from other authors. The location of the section is indicated by the vertical bar in the locator (2), the values indicating the distance from the center of the anterior commissure of the AHB and MNI coordinates (8) and the successive section number (9). The legend is subdivided (10, 11, 12) and lists the features referring to the bands below the stripes (7) separately.

Interdigitated within the existing myelin plates we have included fifty cell-stained (Nissl) plates. All photographs of the celland fiber-stained sections as well as the drawings have been transformed to fit the MNI-space (Section 2.1.9). The magnification of the photographs is the same at section levels which show the corpus callosum. Anterior to the rostrum and posterior to the splenium the magnification is higher and varying, dictated by the availability of space. Because the arrangement of the plates, diagrams and additional information may be difficult to follow, we shortly describe the layout of this part of the Atlas (Figs. 2.11 and 2.12). In the photographs of the fiber-stained (myelin) sections we have indicated the gyral and sulcal anatomy. The colors distinguishing cortical regions indicate the surface anatomy as presented on pages 95-97. The photographs of the cell-stained (Nissl) sections display the functional cortical delineations derived from Brodmann maps as generated by the semi-automatic mapping procedure from the 3D reconstruction of the Atlas hemisphere in the MNI-stereotaxic space (Section 2.1.13).

Within the schematic drawings we also provide the Brodmann areas. Therefore, an open book side where the myeloarchitecture with the sulcal and gyral pattern is represented on the left side, the right side shows diagrams at the same section levels with the Brodmann areas together with the subcortical architecture (Fig. 2.11). On the page opposite to the full page Nissl-plates small sectors of the cortex are displayed at high magnification. We selected areas which are thought to correspond with those published by von Economo and Koskinas (1925). The selected image from these authors is presented at low magnification (Fig. 2.12). Text and tables from von Economo and Koskinas are recently masterly translated, revised and edited by L. C. Triarhou (von Economo and Koskinas, 2008, 2009). In the lower half of the page we depict the cortical cytoarchitectonic ribbon unfolded and presented linearly (Fig. 2.12). This presentation allows the synoptic registration of results from different sources. This arrangement makes possible to bring any x/y/z coordinate or region of interest in registry with existing entries and to correlate them with the cyto- and myeloarchitecture of the specified regions.

Since the cortical ribbon can not always be shown as a single uninterrupted band, it may be broken into several segments. Begin and direction of each stripe, however, are indicated within every Nissl-section and the topography is comprehensible by correlation with the sulco-gyral pattern (that is provided in the uppermost stripe). Next to the locators and the serial plate number we provide the position of the photographs and diagrams of the sections by three distance measures with regard to the anterior-posterior position in the brain space: MNI, ICL and MCP, respectively. ICL and MCP correspond to the distance along the intercommissural line of the native Atlas brain, not registered to the MNI-space. The ICL and MCP values indicate the position of each section either with respect to the center of the anterior commissure (ICL) or to the midcommissural point (MCP). Both values allow comparison with the previous editions of the Atlas. The MNI value provides the distance from the center of anterior commissure in the MNI space (see section 2.1.10). Due to the different anterior-posterior extension of the Atlas (171 mm) and the MNI brain (181 mm), respectively, the ICL and MNI values may differ (figure 2.13).

VAC VMCP ICL = 68.37 mm MNI = -71.76 mm *CP cuneal point

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- + - + + -

MCP = distance from MCP point ICL = distance from center of AC MNI = distance from center of AC in MNI space

Figure 2.13. Midsagital view of the Atlas in the stereotaxic space of the printed Atlas (red) and of the Atlas brain registered to the MNI brain (blue). In both instances the point of reference [0,0,0] is located in the center of the anterior commissure (crossing of ICL and VAC). The right image shows the enlarged area around the cuneal point *CP together with the ICL and MNI distances. Abbreviations: ICL intercommissural line, MCP midcommissural

point, MNI coordinate system of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI/ICBM2009b brain, ©1993–2004 Louis Collins, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University), VAC vertical through the anterior commisure, VMCP vertical through the midcommissural point.

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2.1.16 References

Assheuer, J., Lanta, L., Longerich, U.J.J., Sievert, T., Mai J.K. (1990) Standardisierung der cerebralen Bilddarstellung in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT). RöFo, 153: 296-302.

Mai, J.K., Majtanik, M. (2014) Cortex Cytoarchitecture and Functional Areas in the MNI-Registered “Atlas of the Human Brain”: Implications for Diagnostics. Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) Abstr. No. 3616.

Beg, M. F., Miller, M. I., Trouve, A., Younes, L. (2005) Computing large deformation metric mapping via geodesic flows of diffeomorphisms. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 61: 139–157.

Mai, J.K. and Paxinos, G. (2012) The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego.

Brodmann, K. (1909). Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde. Leipzig: Barth. Collins, D.L. (2012) Montreal Neurological Institite (MNI) stereotaxic space. In: The human cerebral cortex. Ed. Petrides, M.: Academic Press/ Elsevier, San Diego, pp. 11-17. Evans, A. C., Collins, D. L., Milner, B. (1992) An MRI-based stereotactic atlas from 250 young normal subjects. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18: 408. Evans, A. C., Collins, D. L., Mills, S. R., Brown E. D., Kelly, R. L. Peters, T. M. (1993) 3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes, Proc. IEEENuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, 1813-1817. Fonov, V., Evans, A.C., Botteron, K., Almli, C.R., McKinstry, R.C., Collins, D.L., and Brain Development Cooperative Group. (2011) Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. Neuroimage 54(1): 313-327. Haegelen, C., Coupé, P., Fonov, V., Guizard, N., Jannin, P., Morandi, X., Collins, D.L. (2013) Automated segmentation of basal ganglia and deep brain structures in MRI of Parkinson‘s disease. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 8(1): 99-110. Laird et al., (2010) Comparison of the disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates in functional neuroimaging data: Validation of the Lancaster transform. Neuroimage 51(2): 677–683. Lancaster, J.L., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Martinez, M., Salinas, F., Evans, A., Zilles, K., Mazziotta, J.C., Fox, P.T. (2007) Bias between MNI and Talairach coordinates analyzed using the ICBM-152 brain template. Human Brain Mapp. 28(11) 1194-1205. Lange, H., Thörner G. (1974) Zur Neuroanatomie und Neuropathologie des Corpus striatum, Globus pallidus und Nucleus subthalamicus beim Menschen. Thesis, University Duesseldorf. Löchel, D. (2007) Morphologische multimodale Bildanpassung. Thesis, University of Duesseldorf. Longerich, U. (1989) MRI-Untersuchungen an in-vivo und in-vitro Gehirngewebe: Einfluß von Fixierung und Temperatur auf das Relaxationsverhalten, die Protonendichte und das Kontrastverhalten. Thesis, University of Duesseldorf.

Pallavaram, S., Dawant, B.M., Koyama, T., Yu, H., Neimat, J., Konrad, P.E., D‘Haese, P.F. (2009) Validation of a fully automatic method for the routine selection of the anterior and posterior commissures in magnetic resonance images. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 87(3):148-154. Sievert, T. (1992) Topometrie des menschlichen Gehirns: Evaluation eines Verfahrens zur Integration morphologisch-funktioneller Daten aus histologischen Schnitten in die klinische Diagnostik. Thesis, University of Duesseldorf. Sütfels, S. (2011) Anatomische Zuordnung funktioneller MRT- und PET-Daten von subkortikalen Hirnarealen im Talairach-Raum - Anwendung eines serienschnittbasierten Atlassystems. Thesis, University of Duesseldorf. Talairach, J., Szikla G. (1967) Atlas d’ Anatomie stereotaxique du Telencephale. Masson & Cie. Paris. Talairach, J., Tournoux P. (1988) Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, New York. Tamraz, J.C., Comair, Y.G. (2000) Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI: With Functional Correlations. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Van Essen, D.C. (2005) A population-average, landmark- and surface-based(pals) atlas of human cerebral cortex. Neuroimage, 28(3): 635-662. Van Essen, D.C., Dierker, D.L. (2007) Surface-based and probabilistic atlases of primate cerebral cortex. Neuron 56(2): 209-225. Van Essen, D.C., Glasser, M.F., Dierker, D.L., Harwell, J., Coalson T. (2012) Parcellations and hemispheric asymmetries of human cerebral cortex analyzed on surface-based atlases. Cereb. Cortex 22(10): 2241-2262. Vogt, O. (1905) Das Pantomikrotom des Neurobiologischen Laboratoriums. J. Psychol. Neurol. 6: 121-125. von Economo, C., Koskinas, G.N. (1925) Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des Erwachsenen Menschen: Textband und Atlas mit 112 Mikrophotographischen Tafeln. Springer, Vienna.

Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G. (2012) The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego.

von Economo, C., Koskinas, G.N. (2008) Atlas of cytoarchitectonics of the adult human cerebral cortex (translated, revised and edited by L.C. Triarhou). Basel, S. Karger.

Mai, J.K., Forutan, F. (2012) Thalamus. In: Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G. (Eds) The Human Nervous System, 3rd Ed. San Diego: Academic Press/Elsevier, pp. 618-677.

von Economo, C., Koskinas, G.N. (2009) Cellular structure of the human cerebral cortex (translated and edited by L.C. Triarhou). Basel, S. Karger.

Mai, J.K., Majtanik, M. (2013) Registraton of the Atlas of the Human Brain to MNI/ ICBM brain templates. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. No. 197.02.

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Öngür, D., Ferry, A.T., Price, J.L. (2003) Architectonic subdivisionof the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol,460(3): 425-449.

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Sylvian point anterior angular gyrus sulcus acusticus angular sulcus anterior occipital sulcus anterior occipital sulcus, superior ramus anterior occipital sulcus, inferior ramus posterior parietal sulcus (Vogt); (precuneal limiting sulcus) ASCe anterior subcentral gyrus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus COp central operculum (Rolandi) dgs diagonal sulcus FMG frontomarginal gyrus fmps frontal paramidline sulcus fms frontomarginal sulcus FOp frontal operculum fors fronto-orbital sulcus FP frontal pole FrP frontoplolar gyrus IFG inferior frontal gyrus IFG-asc inferior frontal gyrus, ascending part IFG-ba inferior frontal gyrus, basilar part IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part ifs inferior frontal sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen impII second intermediate parietal sulcus

impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus IOG inferior occipital gyrus ios inferior occipital sulcus ipcs inferior postcentral sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus ips-a intraparietal sulcus, ascending segment ips-d intraparietal sulcus, descending segment ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment ITG inferior temporal gyrus its inferior temporal sulcus its-a inferior temporal sulcus, anterior segment its-p inferior temporal sulcus, posterior segment lf lateral fissure lf-a lateral fissure, anterior segment lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal segment lf-m lateral fissure, middle segment lf-p lateral fissure, posterior segment lf-v lateral fissure, vertical segment lors lateral orbital sulcus los lateral occipital sulcus LuG lunate gyrus lus lunate sulcus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOG middle occipital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcP occipital pole OrG orbital gyri pacs paracentral sulcus PAnG posterior angular gyrus pcs postcentral sulcus pi preoccipital notch

POc

its-a

parieto-occipital arc (first parieto-occipital « plis de passage » of Gratiolet) POc-a parieto-occipital arc, anterior part POc-p parieto-occipital arc, posterior part PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum pof parieto-occipital fissure ppms posterior paramidline sulcus ppa posterior parietal sulcus (Vogt) PrG precentral gyrus prs precentral sulcus prts pretriangular sulcus PSCe posterior subcentral gyrus ras radiate sulcus (Eberstaller) SFG superior frontal gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus sfs superior frontal sulcus SMG supramarginal gyrus sms supramarginal sulcus SOG superior occipital gyrus sos superior occipital sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus SPL superior parietal lobule sprs superior precentral sulcus STG superior temporal gyrus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-a superior temporal sulcus, anterior segment sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment sts-p superior temporal sulcus, posterior segment

TOp temporal operculum tos transverse occipital sulcus tos-l transverse occipital sulcus, lateral ramus tos-m transverse occipital sulcus, medial ramus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone TP temporal pole ts triangular sulcus tvt transverse temporal sulcus

pcs

pacs

ce

PrG

PoG

PCun cgs-mg

SPL

pcf

PCL

apa

ppa

SPL

POc-a SFGM

pc gs

cgs-a

cgs-p

CG

PCG

POc-p sbps

sfps

pof

ifps

ACC

acals

asos

PCG

cgs-i

ros-s

IFPG

rcc posc

ros-i

pps

FMG

pc

1p

us rhs

cos-ph

Un

mfs

SLgG

OcP

GDe rcs-i

ptcos

ops

lots pi

ITG

lots

Ent

lgs

ILgG

FuG

rcs-s

LgG

cos-o

PHG

PCA

olfs

acs

LPHT

aps

ros

SG

ac

SCA

RoG

mfms

PTG

isgs

scs

*X

ICg PSR

pts

sss sors

ccs

RSG

scc

gcc

Cun

ISG

*CP sors

MSG

PCC

bcc

SFPG

culs

SOG

pMCC

cals

aMCC

MFPG

pof

cos-t RSG

SG olfs

1p

MOrG fms FMG

AOrG

PMOL

frs

AOrG-m mors

PCA

pors

us rhs

PHG

iors

tors lors

cos-t TPG

LOrG TIG IFGOr polfs lf-h

PRC

cos-ph

ITG

lots

IFGTr

lgs

rcs-s

rcs-i GD

cos

OcP IOG

MFuG mfs

FuG

pors

SLgG

ILgG ptcos

Ent

POrG pors-m

AOrG-l

PSR cos-o LgG LPHT

GA

ccs

acs

LFuG atcos

lots

IOG

ios

ITG its MTG

*CP cuneal point fms frontomarginal sulcus *X cuneolingual gyrus (in depth) (-> Ribas) frs fragmentosus sulcus 1p olfactory peduncle FuG fusiform gyrus ac anterior commissure GA ambiens gyrus acals accessory callosal sulcus gcc genu of corpus callosum ACC anterior cingulate cortex GDe gyrus descendens (Ecker) acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part ICg isthmus of cungulate gyrus aMCC anterior midcingulate cortex (B.Vogt) IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part AOrG-l anterior (intermediate) orbital g., lateral part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus AOrG-m anterior (intermediate) orbital g., medial part ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus apa posterior parietal sulcus (Vogt); (precuneal ILgG inferior lingual gyrus limiting sulcus) IOG inferior occipital gyrus aps anterior parolfactory sulcus iors intermediate orbital sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus atcos anterior transverse collateral sulcus ISG inferior sagittal gyrus bcc body of corpus callosum isgs inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) cals callosal sulcus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ccs calcarine sulcus, central part its inferior temporal sulcus ce central sulcus lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal CG cingulate gyrus LFuG lateral fusiform gyrus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part LgG lingual gyrus cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus lgs lingual sulcus cgs-mg marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus LOrG lateral orbital gyrus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior part lors lateral orbital sulcus cos collateral sulcus (medial occipitotemporal s.) lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus cos-o collateral sulcus, occipital ramus LPHT lingual-parahippocampal transition area cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus cos-t collateral sulcus, temporal ramus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus culs cuneal limiting sulcus mfs midfusiform sulcus Cun cuneus MFuG medial fusiform gyrus Ent entorhinal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus FMG frontomarginal gyrus mors middle orbital sulcus

MSG middle sagittal gyrus MTG medial temporal gyrus OcP occipital pole olfs olfactory sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus (extreme fissure of Seitz) pacs paracentral sulcus pc posterior commissure PCA precommissural archicortex PCC posterior cingulate cortex (B.Vogt) pcf paracentral fossa PCg paracingulate gyrus pcgs paracingulate sulcus PCL paracentral lobule pcs precentral sulcus PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus pi preoccipital incisure pMCC posterior midcingulate cortex (B.Vogt) PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POc-a occipitoparietal arch, anterior part POc-p occipitoparietal arch, posterior part pof parieto-occipital fissure PoG postcentral gyrus polfs preolfactory transverse sulcus POrG posterior orbital gyrus pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m posterior orbital sulcus, middle branch posc postreme subcallosal sulcus ppa posterior parietal sulcus (Vogt) pps posterior parolfactory sulcus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PSR perisplenial region

ptcos posterior transverse collateral sulcus PTG paraterminal gyrus pts paraterminal sulcus rcc rostrum of corpus callosum rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, lower branch rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, upper branch rhs rhinal sulcus RoG rostral gyrus ros rostral sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch ros-s rostral sulcus, superior (upper) branch RSG gyri limbici retrospleniales (vonEconomo) sbps subparietal sulcus SCA subcallosal area scc splenium of corpus callosum scs subcalcarine sulcus SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial division SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus sfps superior frontopolar sulcus SG straight gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SOG superior occiptal gyrus sors supraorbital sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus SPL superior parietal lobule SSG superior sagittal gyrus sss superior sagittal sulcus (v.Economo/Koskinas) TIG transverse insular gyrus tors transverse orbital sulcus TPG temporopolar gyrus Un uncus us uncal sulcus

97

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

12

14

16

22 24 28 32 36 40 20 23

44

48

52 56

60

63

67

71 75 79

83

87 85 89

91

93

95

97

99

5

0

-5 5

0

Location of the following 99 fiber-stained (myelin) sections and accompanying high detail diagrams. The diagram on this side shows the dimensions of the MNI-transformed unsectioned brain. “0” marks the vertical through the center of the anterior commissure. A negative sign signifies sections posteriorly to the center of anterior

98

-5

-10

commissure (AC). Rostral and caudal to the corpus callosum we used higher and varying magnification, dictated by the availability of space. Between the two anterior-posterior extremes of the corpus callosum we kept the magnificaiton constant.

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

31 17 19 21 23 25 27 35 39 43 45 47 51 55 59

63

67

71 75

79 83 85 89

91

93

95

97

99

5

0

-5 5

0

-5

-10

Location of the 50 cell-stained (Nissl) sections. The diagram shows the dimensions of the MNI-transformed unsectioned brain.

99

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2.3 Plates, Figures and Diagrams

Sulci and Gyri

Brodmann (1909)

von Economo and Koskinas (1925)

The figures demonstrating the cortical delineations by to the 3D-AHB as described in sections 2.1.13 and not Brodmann and von Economo and Koskinas are based on dedicated cytoarchitectonic analysis. on the surface registration of their published diagrams

Brodmann Areas BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA5 area praeparietalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA7 area parietalis superior BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA10 area frontopolaris BA11 area praefrontalis BA12 area praefrontalis BA13-16 fields 13-16 correspond to the insular cortex BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA25 area subgenualis BA26 area ectosplenialis BA27 area praesubicularis BA28 area entorhinalis BA29 area retrolimbica granularis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA34 area entorhinalis dorsalis BA35 area perirhinalis BA36 area ectorhinalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA38 area temporopolaris BA39 area angularis BA40 area supramarginalis

The 54 Principal Areas of von Economo and Koskinas (1925) BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis BA44 area opercularis BA45 area triangularis BA46 area frontalis media BA47 area orbitalis BA48 area retrosubicularis BA49 area parasubicularis BA51 area prepiriformis BA52 area parainsularis

Öngür et.al. (2003) OP Architectonic areas of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex adopted from Öngür et al., (2003). OP {10, 11, 47/12, 13,14,24,25,32,47} OP_AON anterior olfactory nucleus OP_G gustatory cortex OP_I agranular insular cortex OP_PRCO precentral opercular area

BA* BA* indicates a mismatch between the delineations of Brodmann and those registered from the publication from Öngur et al., (2003). It signifies the extension of the Brodmann area as compared to the territory defined by Öngür et al., (2003).

Lobus frontalis F FA Area praecentralis FB Area frontalis agranularis FC Area frontalis intermedia FD Area frontalis granularis FE Area frontopolaris Regio orbitalis FF Area orbitalis (granularis) FG Area gyri recta (Area recta) FH Area praefrontalis FI Area frontoinsularis FK Area piriformis frontalis FL Area parolfactoria FM Area geniculata FN Area praecommissuralis Lobus limbicus L LA Area limbica ant. agr. LB1 Area ultracingularis ant. LB2 Area indusei LC1 Area cingularis post. dorsalis LC2 Area cingularis post. ventral. LC3 Area cingularis limit. post. LD Area retrosplenialis agranul. LE Area retrosplenialis granulosa LF1 Area ultracingularis post. LF2 Area (ultracingularis) obtecta Lobus insulae I IA Area insulae praecentralis IB Area insulae postcentralis IC Area orbito-insularis ID Area insularis piriformis

Lobus parietalis P PA1 Area postcentralis gigantopyramidalis PB2 Area postcentralis oralis simplex PC Area postcentralis intermedia PD Area postcentralis caudalis PE Area parietalis superior PF Area supramarginalis PG Area angularis PH Area parietalis (temporo-occipitalis) basalis Lobus occipitalis O OA Area peristriata OB Area parastriata OC Area striata (granulosa) Lobus temporalis T TA Area temporalis sup. TB Area supratemporalis magnocellularis simplex TC Area supratemporalis granulosa TD Area supratemporalis intercalata TE Area temporalalis propria TF Area fusiformis TH Area hippocampotemporalis TG Area temporopolaris TI Area piriformis temporalis TK Area substantiae perforatae post. Lobus limbicus inferior H HA Area uncinata HB Area parauncinata HC Area rhinalis limitans HD Area praesubicularis granulosa HE Area pyramidalis HF Area fasciae dentatae

101

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFPG

MNI Position y = 66.21 mm AHB Position y = -63.03 mm mfps

Gyri FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus

sos

Sulci fd frontopolar dimple ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus

MFPG

Fibers

fp

fp frontopolar fibers

MFPG

fd

ifps

IFPG

IFPG

mfms

FMG

102

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 1 Slice Nr. 138

1

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

MNI: 66.21 ICL: -63.03 MCP: -77.77

7

6

5

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101 ) BA*10 see p. 101 OP 10 area defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) fd frontal dimple fps frontopolar sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus

4

3

2

BA*10 OP10 mfps sos

1

fd fps

0 OP10

mfms

-1

OP10

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

103

stripe 2

BA*10

MNI Position y = 66.16 mm AHB Position y = -62.98 mm Gyral Pattern FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA10 area frontopolaris OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

von Economo and Koskinas FD granular frontal area FE frontopolar area

Regions of Interest

stripe 3

OP10

OP10

OP10

OP10

stripe 1

104

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 1 Slice Nr. 140

-

FE Area frontopolaris von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXXI (31)

stripe 3

stripe 1 stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

FMG OP10 FE

SFPG OP10 FE

IFPG

BA*10

OP10

FD

FE

MFPG

IFPG

OP10

OP10 FE

FE

105

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFG

sfps

MNI Position y = 63.45 mm AHB Position y = -60.41 mm Gyri FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus SFG superior frontal gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus

SFPG

Sulci

mfps

fd frontopolar dimple ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus

SFPG

MFPG

Fibers sos

fp frontopolar fibers

fp

MFPG

MFPG

fd

lfms

ifps

MFG

IFPG

IFPG IFPG

mfms IFPG

FMG

mfms

106

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 2 Slice Nr. 236

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

2 MNI: 63.45 ICL: -60.41 MCP: -75.15

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10 see p. 101

5

ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus OP10, 11 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus

4

3 BA9 sfps BA*10

2 mfps

sos

1 OP10 lfms

ifps OP10

OP10

0

OP10

-1

OP11 mfms

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

107

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFG

asfs

MNI Position y = 60.64 mm AHB Position y = -57.73 mm

SFG

Gyri FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus SFG superior frontal gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus

SFG

sfps

Sulci

SFPG mfps

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus pos praeolfactory sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior part sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus

sfs

MFG

sos

SFPG

Fibers fp frontopolar fibers

MFPG fp

lfms MFPG MFPG

ifps

asos lors IFPG

mfms

FMG

IFPG

ros-i

FMG

pos

MOrG

108

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 3 Slice Nr. 336

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

3 MNI: 60.64 ICL: -57.73 MCP: -72.47

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10 see p. 101

5

4

asfs BA9

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus OP10,11,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) pos praeolfactory sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus

3

sfps

BA*10

2

BA*10 mfps sfs

sos

1 OP10

OP10

lfms ifps

OP10

0

OP47

asos OP10

lors mfms

OP10

-1

OP10 ros-i

pos

-2

OP11

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

109

BA9

MNI Position y = 60.61 mm AHB Position y = -57.70 mm Gyral Pattern FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus SFG superior frontal gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus

BA*10

Brodmann Areas BA9 area frontalis granularis BA10 area frontopolaris OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP11 area 11 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

BA*10

OP10

von Economo and Koskinas FD granular frontal area FE frontopolar area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area

OP10

stripe 2

OP10

OP47

stripe 1 OP10

OP10 OP10

OP11

110

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 3 Slice Nr. 337

Regions of Interest -

FDm(E) Area frontalis granularis magnocellularis (in limine areae frontopolaris). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXI (21)

stripe 1

FMG Gyral pattern OP10 Brodmann areas von Economo FFalpha+phi Regions of Interest

stripe 2

stripe 2

MFG FD

MFPG

IFPG

FMG OP47 FFalpha+phi

OP10 FE

OP10 FE

continuation

MFPG OP10

SFPG BA*10 FE

SFG BA9

SFPG BA*10 FD

MFPG

IFPG

FMG

OP10

MOrG OP11

IFPG OP10

FE

111

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs

SFGL

MNI Position y = 57.91 mm AHB Position y = -55.10 mm SFGM

Gyri FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFG medial frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

SFGM sfs sfps MFG

Sulci sfs SFPG mf ps

SFPG

MFPG

prts

sos

MFPG

lfms

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus mors medial orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pos praeolfactory sulcus prts pretriangular sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior part sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus

Fibers

fp frontopolar fibers

fp FMG

ifps

ifs

IFGOr asos mfms

lors

IFPG

FMG

FMG

IFPG FMG

ros-i

mors

pos SG

MOrG olfs

112

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 4 Slice Nr. 434

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

4 MNI: 57.91 ICL: -55.10 MCP: -69.84

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10 see p. 101

5

asfs

4 BA9

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifps inferior frontopolar sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mors middle orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,11,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) pos praeolfactory sulcus prts pretriangular sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus

3

BA*10 sfs sfps

2

BA*10 OP10

lfm

s

BA*10

sos

1

prts

OP10 ifps OP10

0 ifs OP47

asos mfms

lors OP10

-1 OP11

ros-i

pos

mors

-2

OP11 olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

113

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs

SFGL

MNI Position y = 55.01 mm AHB Position y = -52.37 mm SFGL

Gyri SFGL

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFG medial frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

sfs SFGM MFG sfps

SFPG mf ps

Sulci

slf I SFPG prts sos slf II

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mfps middle frontopolar sulcus mors medial orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus prts pretriangular sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior part sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus

MFPG

Fibers MFPG lfm

s

slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp.

MFG

ifs slf III

asos IFPG

s

IFPG

IFGOr

mfm FMG

lors

ros-i AOrG-l AOrG-m

SG

MOrG

mors

olfs

114

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 5 Slice Nr. 536

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

5 MNI: 55.01 ICL: -52.37 MCP: -67.11

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10,32,46 see p. 101

5

asfs BA8

4 BA9

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mors middle orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 10,11,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) prts pretriangular sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus

3

BA9 BA*10 sfs

BA*10

sfps

2

BA10

OP10 BA*46 BA*32

sos

prts

1

ifs

0

OP10 OP10

asos

OP47 OP10

-1

OP10 lors

ros-i

OP11

mors

-2 OP11 olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

115

BA8

BA9

MNI Position y = 54.98 mm AHB Position y = -52.34 mm Gyral Pattern AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus MFG medial frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

BA9

BA*10 BA*10

Brodmann Areas BA10

OP10 BA*32 OP10

BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA10 area frontopolaris BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA46 area frontalis media OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP11 area 11 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

von Economo and Koskinas

BA*46

FD granular frontal area FDdelta middle granular frontal area FE frontopolar area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FG area of straight gyrus (area recta)

OP10

OP47

Regions of Interest

stripe 1

B. Vogt: 24c subregion of BA 24

OP47 OP10

OP10

OP11

OP11

116

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 5 Slice Nr. 537

FDm and FDC Area frontalis granularis rnagnocellularis et in limine areae frontalis intermediae. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XX (20)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

MFPG OP10

SFPG BA*32

SFGM

BA10

BA9

SFPG

SFGL BA8

BA9

MFPG

BA*10

FE

IFPG OP10

FD

FE

24c

continuation

IFPG

FMG OP10 FE

FFalpha+phi

FD

MFG BA*10 OP10 BA*46 FDdelta FD

IFGOr OP47 FFalpha+phi

AOrG-l FF

AOrG-m FE

MOrG OP11

SG FG

IFPG

MFPG OP10 FE

117

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asvfs

SFGL

MNI Position y = 52.16 mm AHB Position y = -49.66 mm

sfs

Gyri

MFG

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part CG cingulate gyrus FMG frontomarginal gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

slf I SFGL SFGM MFG

sfps

Sulci slf II

SFPG

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus mors medial orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus prts pretriangular sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior part sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus

MFPG SFPG sos

lfms

prts slf III

MFG

Fibers

FMG MFPG

ifs

CG

IFGOr IFPG

mfms

asos

RoG arc

FMG LOrG

ros-i AOrG-l sgr

lors

AOrG-m

mors SG

MOrG

olfs

118

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 6 Slice Nr. 637

arc arcuate fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp.

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

6 MNI: 52.16 ICL: -49.66 MCP: -64.40

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10,32,46 see p. 101

5 asfs BA8

BA9

4

asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mors middle orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 10,11,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) prts pretriangular sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus

sfs

BA*10

3 BA9

BA*10

2

BA10

sfps

BA*46 BA*32 OP10

1

prts

sos

OP10

ifs OP10

0

OP47

asos

OP10

-1 ros-i

lors

OP11 mors

-2 OP11

olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

119

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs-m SFGL

asfs-l

SFGL

MNI Position y = 49.35 mm AHB Position y = -46.98 mm

sfs

Gyri AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

SFGM

MFG

slf I SFGL

lfm s

Sulci

slf II sfps SFPG

MFG

MFPG

ras SFPG lfms

CG slf III cgs-a

MFG

MFPG

CG

ifs

MFG MFPG asos

unc

arc

RoG LOrG ros-i

IFGOr

AOrG-m sgr

lors AOrG-l mors MOrG

SG

olfs

120

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 7 Slice Nr. 737

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part ifs inferior frontal sulcus lfms lateral frontomarginal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mors medial orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus ras radiate sulcus ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior part sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

Fibers arc arcuate fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

7 MNI: 49.35 ICL: -46.98 MCP: -61.72

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10,32,46 see p. 101

5 asfs-m

BA8

asfs-l BA8 BA9

4 sfs

BA10

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. ifs inferior frontal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mors middle orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 9,10,11,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) ras radiate sulcus (Eberstaller) ros-i rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch sfps superior frontopolar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

3 BA9 BA*10

2 BA*46

sfps

ras

OP10 BA*32

1 OP10

OP10 cgs-a

OP9 ifs OP9

asos

0 OP47

OP10 OP10

-1 ros-i

OP11 lors mors

-2 OP11 olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

121

BA8 BA8

BA9

MNI Position y = 49.32 mm AHB Position y = -46.95 mm Gyral Pattern BA10

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

BA9 BA*10

Brodmann Areas BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA10 area frontopolaris BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA46 area frontalis media OP9 area 9 ( by Öngür et al. 2003) OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP11 area 11 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

BA*46

OP10

stripe 1 BA*32

von Economo and Koskinas OP10

OP10

OP9

Regions of Interest

OP9

B. Vogt: 24c subregion of BA 24

stripe 2 OP47 OP10 OP10

OP11

OP11

OP11

122

FD granular frontal area FDdelta middle granular frontal area FE frontopolar area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FG area of straight gyrus (area recta)

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 7 Slice Nr. 738

FG Area recta. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXXV (35)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 2

SFPG

SFGL

OP10 FD

MFG BA*10 FDdelta

FD

MFPG OP10 FFalpha+phi FE

SFPG

MFPG

CG

OP10

OP9 FE

FD

SFPG

SFGM BA*32

BA9

SFGL BA8

BA9

FD

24c

continuation

SFGL BA9

stripe 2

MFG BA*46

BA10 FD

IFGOr OP10

LOrG

AOrG-l

AOrG-m

MOrG OP11

OP47 FFalpha+phi

FF

FE

SG FG

RoG OP10 FE

MFPG

24c

123

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs-m

SFGL asfs-l

MNI Position y = 46.53 mm AHB Position y = -44.35 mm

MFG sfs

Gyri AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus

SFGM ras slf I

Sulci asos accessory supraorbital sulcus asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mors medial orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus ras radiate sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

MFG slf II MFG MFG MFPG SFPG slf III

cgs-a

cgb

Fibers arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

MFPG

CG cgs-i MFPG asos

ifs arc

unc

m

G-

RoG

r AO

IFGOr

LOrG ros

sgr lors AOrG-l MOrG

SG

mors

frs

olfs

124

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 8 Slice Nr. 835

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

8 MNI: 46.53 ICL: -44.35 MCP: -59.09

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA10,32,46 see p. 101

BA8

asfs-m

5

BA8 asfs-l BA9

4 sfs

BA9

3

BA10

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus asos accessory supraorbital sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus mors middle orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 9,10,11,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) ras radiate sulcus (Eberstaller) ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

ras

BA*10

BA*46

2 BA*32 OP10 OP10 OP10

1 OP9

cgs-a

OP10 OP32 cgs-i asos

OP47

0

ifs

OP10

-1 OP47

ros

lors OP11

mors

frs

-2

OP11 olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

125

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs-m

SFGL asfs-l

MNI Position y = 43.72 mm AHB Position y = -41.62 mm

sfs

SFGL

Gyri

SFGL SFGM

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

MFG

slf I

Sulci asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus ras radiate sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos supraorbital sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

ras slf II SFGL

MFG

cgs-a cgb

MFG

slf III

ifs

CG

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

cgs-i IFGTr MFPG

sos

arc

unc ras

RoG

IFGOr

IFGOr

sgr ros AOrG-l MOrG frs

LOrG lors

tors

SG

olfs

126

Fibers

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 9 Slice Nr. 937

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

9 MNI: 43.72 ICL: -41.62 MCP: -56.36

7

6

asfs-m BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA32,46 see p. 101

BA8

5

BA8 asfs-l

BA9

4 sfs

BA*46

3

BA9

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 9,10,11,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sos superior occipital sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

BA10 BA*46

2 OP10

BA*32 OP10 cgs-a

1

OP10

OP9

ifs OP9 OP32

cgs-i

0 sos OP47

OP10

lf-h

-1 ros

OP47 OP11

lors

tors frs

-2 OP11 olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

127

BA8

BA8

BA9

MNI Position y = 43.69 mm AHB Position y = -41.59 mm Gyral Pattern BA*46

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

BA9

BA10

Brodmann Areas

BA*46

stripe 2

OP10

stripe 1 BA*32 OP10 OP10

OP9

stripe 3

von Economo and Koskinas FD granular frontal area FDdelta middle granular frontal area FDgamma+op triangular and opercular granular frontal area FE frontopolar area FEL limbic frontopolar area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FG area of straight gyrus (area recta) LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area

OP9

OP32

BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA10 area frontopolaris BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA46 area frontalis media OP9 area 9 ( by Öngür et al. 2003) OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP11 area 11 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP32 area 32 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

OP47

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 24c subregion of BA 24 p24 posterior division of BA24

OP10

OP47

OP11

OP11

128

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 9 Slice Nr. 938

FDL Area frontalis granularis limbica. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXVI (26)

stripe 2

stripe 1

SFGL Gyral pattern SFGL MFG OP10 Brodmann areas FD FD FDdelta von Economo Regions of Interest

MFG

IFGTr OP10

BA*46 FD

MFG BA*46 FD

FDgamma+op

stripe 3

CG

SFGM

OP32

OP9

LA2

FEL

p24

SFGL BA9

MFG

BA8

BA9

FE

BA10

BA*46

FD

24c

stripe 3

BA*46

BA*32 24c

continuation

MFG OP10 FD

IFGOr FFalpha+phi

LOrG IFGOr OP47

AOrG-l

MOrG

SG

RoG OP10

OP11 FF

FE

FF

FE

FG

MFPG FE

CG OP9 FEL 24c

OP32 LA2 p24

129

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs-m SFGL

asfs-l

MNI Position y = 40.93 mm AHB Position y = -38.94 mm SFGM

sfs

Gyri AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

slf I

Sulci

MFG

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus ras radiate sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

SFGL

MFG

slf II

cgs-a

ras

CG

MFG

Fibers arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

ifs

slf III cgb

IFGTr

unc arc

CG

lf-h

cgs-i RoG POrG

LOrG

sgr

AOrG-l

ros tors

IFGOr lors

MOrG

frs SG

olfs

130

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 10 Slice Nr. 1037

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

10 MNI: 40.93 ICL: -38.94 MCP: -53.68

7

6

asfs-m BA8

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA32,46 see p. 101

asfs-l

5

BA9

BA8

sfs

4

BA*46

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 9,10,11,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

3

BA9 BA*46

cgs-a BA10

2 BA*32 OP10

OP10 OP9

1 ifs

OP24

0

OP10

cgs-i

lf-h

OP47 OP10

-1 OP47

ros

OP11 tors

lors

-2

OP13 frs OP11 olfs

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

131

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs-m

SFGL asfs-l

SFGL

MNI Position y = 39.44 mm AHB Position y = -37.54 mm sfs

Gyri AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

SFGM MFG

slf I

Sulci asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus ras radiate sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

cgs-a

slf II

CG

MFG

ras

Fibers

MFG ifs

slf III cgb

arc

CG

unc IFGTr

lf-h

cgs-i RoG

LOrG sgr

AOrG-l POrG

IFGOr

ros tors

SG

lors

MOrG

frs

olfs

132

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 11 Slice Nr. 1089

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

11 MNI: 39.44 ICL: -37.54 MCP: -52.28

7

6

asfs-m

BA8 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA24,32,46,47 see p. 101

asfs-l

5 BA9

BA8

sfs

4

BA46 BA9

asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP 9,10,11,13,24,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

3 BA*46

cgs-a BA10

2 BA*24 OP10 BA*32 BA45

OP9

1

ifs OP32

OP10 OP10

0

OP24 BA*47

cgs-i

lf-h

OP47

OP10

-1 OP11

ros

OP47

tors OP11

lors

OP13

-2

frs OP14

olfs -3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

133

BA8

BA9

BA8

MNI Position y = 39.50 mm AHB Position y = -37.60 mm Gyral Pattern AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

BA46 BA9

Brodmann Areas

BA10

BA46

BA*24

BA*32 OP10

OP9

BA45

BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA10 area frontopolaris BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA45 area triangularis BA46 area frontalis media BA47 area orbitalis OP9 area 9 ( by Öngür et al. 2003) OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP11 area 11 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP24 area 24 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP32 area 32 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

von Economo and Koskinas OP10

OP32

stripe 1

OP10

BA*47 OP24

OP47

FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FD granular frontal area FDgamma+op triangular and opercular granular frontal area FE frontopolar area FEL limbic frontopolar area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FG area of straight gyrus (area recta) FH prefrontal area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area

Regions of Interest OP10

B. Vogt: 24c subregion of BA 24 33 frontal division of BA33 p24 posterior division of BA24 s32 subregion of area 24

OP47

OP13

OP47

OP11

OP11

OP14

134

OP13

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 11 Slice Nr. 1087

LA1 Area praecingularis. LA2 Area cingularis anterior. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XLV (45)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

CG OP32 33

SFGM BA*32 FD

OP9 LA2 p24

FE 24c

continuation

SFGM

SFGL

BA*32 BA9

MFG

BA8 FD

BA9 FC

FD

BA10

FC

IFGTr

BA46

MFG

BA45

BA*47 OP10 OP47 OP10 FDgamma+op FD

RoG OP10 FG s32

CG

FD

24c

stripe 1

MFG OP10 FD

continuation

IFGOr

FDgamma+op

FFalpha+phi

LOrG OP47

AOrG-l

POrG

MOrG OP11

FF

OP13

SG OP14 OP11 FG

FH

FEL 24c

OP24 LA2 s32 p24

135

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFGL asfs-l asfs-m

SFGM

MNI Position y = 35.30 mm AHB Position y = -33.61 mm sfs

Gyri AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

MFG imfs SFGL

Sulci

slf I

cgs-a

acals accessory callosal sulcus asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part frs fragmentosus sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lors lateral orbital sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus tors transverse orbital sulcus

MFG slf II

CG sfo slf III

Fibers

MFG

cgb

ifs

acals

arc

unc

cgb

IFGTr CG lf-h cgs-i RoG

sgr

po

rs

LOrG

POrG

AOrG-l IFGOr

ros

tors lors POrG MOrG

frs SG

olfs

136

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 12 Slice Nr. 1236

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

12 MNI: 35.30 ICL: -33.61 MCP: -48.35

7

6

BA 8

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA24,47 see p. 101

5

BA 8

BA 8

BA 9

acals accessory callosal sulcus cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus OP10,11,13,14,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003)

4

BA 9

BA 46 BA 9

3 BA 32

BA 45

2 BA *24

BA 32

OP10

BA 45

1

acals OP10

OP24

0 BA*47

OP 47 cgs-i

-1

OP 13 OP10 OP 47 OP 13

OP 11 OP 13

-2

OP14

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

137

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

asfs-l

asfs-l

SFGL

SFGM

MNI Position y = 32.66 mm AHB Position y = -30.93 mm

sfs

Gyri

MFG

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

imfs

Sulci

slf I

acals accessory callosal sulcus asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

cgs-a MFG

slf II cgb

Fibers

CG

sfo

unc slf III ifs

racc

racc

acals unc arc

cgb

IFGTr LOrG

CG

lf-h r AO

cgs-i

l

G-

RoG sgr ros

POrG IFGOr pors pors

SG

MOrG olfs

138

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 13 Slice Nr. 1336

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle racc radiation of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

13 MNI: 32.66 ICL: -30.93 MCP: -45.67

7

BA 8

asfs-l

6

asfs

BA 8

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA33,47 see p. 101

BA 9

5

BA 8 sfs

BA 9

4 imfs

BA 46

BA 9

3

1p olfactory peduncle acals accessory callosal sulcus asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus racc radiation of corpus callosum ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

cgs-a BA 24 BA 32 BA 45

2

BA* 33 ifs

1 racc

BA 45

acals

BA*47

0

OP24 lf-h

cgs-i OP 13

-1 OP 47

OP10

OP 47

ros pors

OP 13

-2

OP 13

OP14

pors

olfs

-3

1p

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

139

BA 8

BA 8

BA 8

MNI Position y = 32.52 mm AHB Position y = -30.95 mm Gyral Pattern

BA 9 BA 9

AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part CG cingulate gyrus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus

BA 9

BA 46

BA 9

Brodmann Areas

BA 32 BA 24

BA 45

BA* 33

BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA45 area triangularis BA46 area frontalis media BA47 area orbitalis OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP24 area 24 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 45

stripe 1

BA* 47

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 24c subregion of BA 24 32 frontal division of BA32 33 frontal division of BA33 p24 posterior division of BA24 s24 superior division of BA24

OP 24

OP10 OP 13 OP 47

OP 47 OP 13 OP 13

OP 14

140

FC intermediate frontal area FD granular frontal area FDgamma+op triangular and opercular granular frontal area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FG area of straight gyrus (area recta) FH prefrontal area FHL parolfactory prefrontal area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 13 Slice Nr. 1335

FDΓ Area frontalis granularis triangularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXIX (29)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas OP24 von Economo Regions of Interest 33

stripe 1

BA*33 LA2 33

continuation

CG

SFGM

BA24

BA32

LA2

SFGL

BA9

MFG

BA8

FD

33 p24

SFGL

MFG

BA9

FC

BA46

BA45

FD

24c

stripe 1

continuation

MFG

IFGTr BA45

FD

CG

IFGOr BA*47

FDgamma+op

LOrG

POrG

MOrG OP13

OP47 FFalpha+phi

FF

SG OP14 FG

FH

RoG OP10 FHL 32

CG OP24 LA2 s24

141

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFGL asfs-l

sfs

MNI Position y = 29.73 mm AHB Position y = -28.30 mm

SFGM MFG pcgs

Gyri CG cingulate gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus

imfs

SFGL

MFG

slf I cgs-a

Sulci acals accessory callosal sulcus asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus pcgs paracingulate sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

CG slf II ifs

cgb

IFGOp

slf III

acals

lf-v

Fibers

sfo

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle racc radiation of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

PCG arc

IFGTr

racc acals cgb

unc CG lf-h

cgs-i

LOrG

POrG

RoG

IFGOr

sgr ros TIG POrG MOrG

pors

pors

SG

olfs

142

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 14 Slice Nr. 1434

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

14 MNI: 29.73 ICL: -28.30 MCP: -43.04

7

6 BA 8 asfs-l

BA 8

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA33,47 see p. 101

sfs

BA 8

5 BA 8

imfs

4

BA 9 BA 9 BA 32 cgs-a

BA 46

3

1p olfactory peduncle asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus fmi forceps minor of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure lors lateral orbital sulcus OP10,13,14,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus racc radiation of corpus callosum ros rostral sulcus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa

BA 44

BA 24 fmi

BA 45

ifs

2 lf-v SCS

1

BA* 33

BA 45 racc SGl BA*47

0

OP24 cgs-i

lf-h

OP 13

-1 OP10 ros

OP 13

OP 47 OP 47

OP 13

pors

-2

lors OP14 1p

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

143

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFGL

sfs

MFG

MNI Position y = 26.88 mm AHB Position y = -25.59 mm

SFGM

Gyri

SFGL

imfs

MFG

slf I cgs-a

Sulci

CG

acals accessory callosal sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf lateral fissure lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m middle transverse olfactory sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

Fibers

SFGL

1p olfactory peduncle arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum gcc genu of corpus callosum lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

slf II cgb

ifs

slf III lf-v

sfo

CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus

cals IFGOp mls

arc

lls

fmi

gcc

unc cals acals

PCG

ofr

BOp

cgb

CG

IFGTr

lf-h

cgs-i

RoG IFGOr

sgr ros TIG

lf

POrG pors SG

MOrG

pors

pors-m

olfs 1p

144

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 15 Slice Nr. 1535

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

15 MNI: 26.88 ICL: -25.59 MCP: -40.33

7 BA 6

6 sfs BA 8 BA 8

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA45 see p. 101

BA 8

5

BA 8

imfs BA 9

4 BA 32

BA 9

cgs-a BA 9 BA 24

3

BA 45 BA 46

BA 44

ifs

1p olfactory peduncle cals callosal sulcus calv callosal vein cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. fmi forceps minor of corpus callosum gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP PRCO precentral opercular area (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m posterior orbital sulcus, middle branch racc radiation of corpus callosum ros rostral sulcus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa

fmi

2

BA 33 cals

BA 44 BA 45 racc SCS BA *45

1

calv

gcc

OP PRCO SGl

cals

0 OP PRCO

OP24

lf-h

-1

OP 47

OP10 ros

lf OP 13

OP 47

OP 13 pors OP14

pors

-2 pors-m

olfs

1p

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

145

BA 6

BA 8 BA 8

MNI Position y = 26.86 mm AHB Position y = -25.57 mm

BA 8 BA 8

Gyral Pattern CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus

BA 9

BA 9

BA 32 BA 9 BA 24 BA 45

BA 46

Brodmann Areas

BA 44

BA 33

BA 44 BA 45

stripe 2

BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA44 area opercularis BA45 area triangularis BA46 area frontalis media OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP24 area 24 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_PRCO precentral opercular area (by Öngür et al. 2003) TPCm medial temporopolar cortex BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

OP PRCO

BA *45

OP24

OP 47

OP PRCO OP 47

OP24

OP10 OP 47 OP 13

OP14

146

von Economo and Koskinas FB agranular frontal area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FD granular frontal area FDgamma+op triangular and opercular granular frontal area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FH prefrontal area FHL parolfactory prefrontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 24c subregion of BA 24 32 frontal division of BA32 33 frontal division of BA33 a24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24 posterior division of BA24 s24 superior division of BA24

OP 13

stripe 1

TPCm

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 15 Slice Nr. 1536

FFa Area orbitalis (posterior prope-) agranularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXXIII (33)

stripe 1 stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 2

LA2 p24

SFGM BA32

SFGL BA8

LA

FC

24c

a24c‘

stripe 2

continuation

MFG IFGOp BA45 BA44

CG BA33 BA24 FF LA2 33 p24

continuation

CG BA24

ITP TPCm TG

IFGTr BA*45 OP_PRCO

FDgamma+op

BA6

BA8

FB

IFGOr OP47 FFalpha+phi

FC

BOp OP_PRCO IA1 IA2

MFG

BA9

FFalpha+phi

BA8 FD

TIG OP47

BA9 FC

BA46

BA45

BA9

BA44

FD

POrG

MOrG OP13 FF

SG OP14 FH

RoG OP10 FHL 32

CG OP24 LA2 s24

BA45 F2

PCG

147

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SFGL

sfs

MNI Position y = 24.07 mm AHB Position y = -22.97 mm Gyri

SFGM imfs

SFGL MFG cgs-a slf I CG slf II

Sulci

acals accessory callosal sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part ifs inferior frontal sulcus imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf lateral fissure lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m middle transverse olfactory sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

Fibers

ifs

cgb

1p olfactory peduncle acr anterior corona radiata arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum gcc genu of corpus callosum lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

IFGOp

slf III cals

mls

lf-v

sfo

lls

arc

IFGTr

acr

gcc fmi

ex ec FOp IG unc

acals PCG IFGTr cgb

ofr

CG

BOp lf-h

cgs-i

IFGOr

RoG sgr TIG ros SG

pors

olfs

POrG pors-m MOrG

pors

lf

PPo

1p ITP

148

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 16 Slice Nr. 1633

CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

16 MNI: 24.07 ICL: -22.97 MCP: -37.71

7

BA 6 BA 6 sfs

6 BA 8 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA45 see p. 101

BA 8

5

BA 8 imfs

BA 8

BA 9

4

cgs-a BA 32

BA 9

BA 24

3 BA 46 ifs

BA 44

BA 33

2

cals SCS

racc

IGr

1p olfactory peduncle cals callosal sulcus calv callosal vein Cd caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum imfs intermediate frontal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP PRCO precentral opercular area (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m posterior orbital sulcus, middle branch racc radiation of corpus callosum SCG cingulate gyrus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

SGl

gcc

1

calv OP PRCO

FLV SCG

BA*45 Cd

0

calv OP PRCO OP24 cgs-i

-1 OP 47

OP10 lf

OP 47 OP 13 OP 13

-2

pors pors-m

OP14

pors

olfs

TPCm

TPCl

1p

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

149

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms

SFGL

sfs

MFG

SFGM

Gyri

MNI Position y = 21.28 mm AHB Position y = -20.34 mm MFG

slf I

cgs-a

slf II

CG

ifs

cgb

fmi cals

Sulci

IFGOp slf III lls mls

scr sfo lf-v

gcc arc

ex

aic

lf-v

cis

IG

unc cals acals

IFGTr

IFGTr IFGOr

PCG ofr

AOI

CG BOp lf-h cgs-i

cis

sgr RoG

lf

TIG ros pors POrG

olfs

SG

PPo pors-m

MOrG

ps

pors

1p TPC ITP

150

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 17 Slice Nr. 1731

Fibers

ec

FOp

AOI Area orbitoinsularis CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPC tempopolar cotex acals accessory callosal sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf lateral fissure lf-h horizontal ramus of lateral fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m middle transverse olfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus ros rostral sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus 1p olfactory peduncle aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum gcc genu of corpus callosum lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

17 MNI: 21.28 ICL: -20.34 MCP: -35.08

fpms BA 6

7 BA 6 sfs BA 6

6 BA 8 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 8 BA 8 BA 8

cgs-a

4 BA 24

BA 9 BA 32

BA 8

3

ifs

BA 33

cals

BA 44

IGr

racc

2 SCS SGl

lf-v

gcc

1p olfactory peduncle AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) cals callosal sulcus calv callosal vein CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus Cl claustrum ex extreme capsule fpms frontal paramidline sulcus gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum lf-h lateral fissure, horizontal ramus lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP PRCO precentral opercular area (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus pors-m posterior orbital sulcus, middle branch Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum ros rostral sulcus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sts superior temporal sulcus TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

ex calv

1

CdL CdM

BA 45 lf-v

OP PRCO OP PRCO calv

0

Pu

Cl

SCS

OP 47

OP24 lf-h cgs-i

-1

OP PRCO OP10

ros

TPCl OP 47

-2

OP 13 olfs

pors-m pors

OP14 1p

BA 22

AO

-3

sts TPCm

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

151

BA 6

BA 6 BA 6

BA 8 BA 8

MNI Position y = 21.26 mm AHB Position y = -20.23 mm Gyral Pattern

BA 8 BA 8

BA 9 BA 32 BA 8 BA 24

BA 33 BA 44

stripe 2

AOI Area orbitoinsularis CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPC tempopolar cotex

Brodmann Areas

BA 45 OP PRCO OP PRCO

BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA44 area opercularis BA45 area triangularis OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP24 area 24 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_PRCO precentral opercular area (by Öngür et al. 2003) TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

OP 47

von Economo and Koskinas

OP24

FB agranular frontal area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FD granular frontal area FDgamma+op triangular and opercular granular frontal area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FH prefrontal area FHL parolfactory prefrontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TG temporo polar area

OP PRCO

OP10

TPCl

OP 47 OP 13 OP14 BA 22 TPCm

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 25 BA25 33 frontal division of BA33 a24c‘ anterior division of BA24 a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24 posterior division of BA24

stripe 1 TPCm

152

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 17 Slice Nr. 1735

FCL Area frontalis intermedio-limbica. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XVII (17)

stripe 1

TPC

PPo TPCm TG

ITP TPCl TA

TPC

BA22

TPCm TG

stripe 2

CG Gyral pattern BA24 Brodmann areas BA33 LA2 von Economo Regions of Interest a33‘ 33 p24 a24‘

stripe 2

SFGM BA8 FC

BA32 LA

BA6

a24c‘

continuation

SFGM

SFGL BA6

FC

MFG BA8

BA6

FB

IFGOp

BA8

BA9

FC

FD

FC

BA44 FC

FB

IFGTr

FOp

BA45 FDgamma+op

FDgamma+op

stripe 2

FOp

continuation

Ins

IFGTr

FDgamma+op

IFGOr OP_PRCO FFalpha+phi

FDgamma+op

Ins AOI OP_PRCO IA1 IA2

BOp FFalpha+phi

TIG OP47

POrG FF

MOrG OP13 FF

SG OP14 FH

RoG OP10 FHL

CG PCG OP24 LA2 25

153

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms SFGL

sfs SFGM

MNI Position y = 18.41 mm AHB Position y = -17.53 mm Gyri

MFG

slf I cgs-a slf II

CG cgb

ifs

fmi IFGOp

cals

slf III lls

sfo

Sulci

scr gcc

arc

rcc aic

IFGTr

FOp

IG

lf-v

ec ex dgs

cals unc

racc

PCG

lf-v

acas

IP

IFGTr

atr AOI ofr

CG sgr

IFGOr cgs-i

BOp

RoG

lf TIG olfs

SG

POrG

ps

pors 1p

PPo

pors-m

MOrG

ps

TPC ITP

154

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 18 Slice Nr. 1836

Fibers

mls

AOI Area orbitoinsularis CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus IP insular pole ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare RoG rostral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPC tempopolar cortex acas accessory callosal sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part dgs diagonal sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus lf lateral fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus pors transverse olfactory sulcus pors-m middle transverse olfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus 1p olfactory peduncle aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum gcc genu of corpus callosum lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum rcc rostrum of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

18 MNI: 18.41 ICL: -17.53 MCP: -32.27

BA 6

fpms

7 BA 6 sfs BA 6

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

BA 8

BA 8

5

BA 8

cgs-a

4 BA 9

BA 32

BA 24

ifs

3

BA 33

cals racc

IGr

sof

SGl

gcc

2

SCS scal

BA 44 lf-v

FLV CdL

1

calv CdM

SB OP G

Cl

ex

ec

lf

BA 33 FCd

OP PRCO

Pu

OP PRCO

1p olfactory peduncle AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) cals callosal sulcus calv callosal vein CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus Cl claustrum ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,24,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP PRCO precentral opercular area (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) ps polas sulcus Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum SB striatal cell bridge scal subcallosal fc SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sof superior occipitofrontal fasciculus sts superior temporal sulcus TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

0

BA *25 AcL FPu

racc OP24 cgs-i

OP 47

-1 BA22

OP10 ps OP 47 olfs

OP 13

-2 TPCl

OP14 ps 1p AO TPCm

sts

-3

BA 21

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

155

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms sfs

SFGL

MFG SFGM

Gyri

MNI Position y = 17.06 mm AHB Position y = -16.24 mm slf I cgs-a slf II

MFG

CG cgb

ifs fmi

cals lls

mls

sfo

slf III scr

gcc

Sulci

IFGTr

arc

fxl

cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part cis circular sulcus dgs diagonal sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus (f2) its inferior temporal sulcus lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pors transverse olfactory sulcus pors-m middle transverse olfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

Fibers

IFGOp

1p olfactory peduncle aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum fxl fornix longus gcc genu of corpus callosum lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum rcc rostrum of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

cis rcc

ec

aic

FOp

IG

lf-v dgs

ex

unc

PCG racc

lf-v

atr IP

dB

CG

IFGTr

AOI

ofr sgr cgs-i

IFGOr OlfA

SCA

STG lf-v

BOp

pors-m

ps

olfs

TIG PPo

MOrG

POrG ps

SG

pors

MTG

1p TPG

its

ITP ITG

lots

156

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 19 Slice Nr. 1884

AOI Area orbitoinsularis CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus IP insular pole ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

19 MNI: 17.06 ICL: -16.24 MCP: -30.98

fpms

BA 6

7

BA 6 sfs BA 6

6 BA 8 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

5

BA 8 BA 9 cgs-a BA 8

4 BA 32

BA 9

BA 24 ifs

3 mls

BA 33 cals

lls

IGr

SCS SGl

gcc

BA 44

2

scal CdL

FLV

SB calv

1 aic

CdM

ec

ex

BA 44

OP G

BA 33 FCd Pu

BA *25

lf

OP PRCO racc

AcL

OP PRCO

OP I FPu

OP24 cgs

0

Cl

1p olfactory peduncle AcL accumbens n., lateral p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) cals callosal sulcus calv callosal vein CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs cingulate sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. Cl claustrum ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,24,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP PRCO precentral opercular area (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus ps polas sulcus Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum SB striatal cell bridge scal subcallosal fc SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sts superior temporal sulcus TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

OP 47

OP32

-1 OP10 OP 47

ps

olfs

BA22

OP14

ps

pors AO

-2

TPCl

OP 13 1p TPCm

sts

-3

BA 21

-4

its

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

157

BA 6

BA 6

BA 6

BA 8

MNI Position y = 17.03 mm AHB Position y = -16.21 mm BA 8

Gyral Pattern BA 9

AOI Area orbitoinsularis CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus IP insular pole ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PCG precallosal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

BA 8 BA 9 BA 32 BA 24

BA 33 BA 44

stripe 2

BA 44

Brodmann Areas BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA25 area subgenualis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA44 area opercularis OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP24 area 24 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP32 area 32 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003)

BA 44 OP G

OP PRCO BA*25 OP PRCO OP I

OP 47 OP24 OP32

OP_I agranular insular cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003)

OP 47

OP10

OP_PRCO precentral opercular area (by Öngür et al. 2003) TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

BA22 TPCl

OP14

von Economo and Koskinas

OP 13

TPCm

stripe 1

TPCm

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 19 Slice Nr. 1885 BA 21

Regions of Interest

158

B. Vogt: 25 BA25 a24c‘ anterior division of BA24 a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33

FB agranular frontal area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FDgamma+op triangular and opercular granular frontal area FF granular orbital area FFalpha+phi agranular und pretriangular orbital area FH prefrontal area FHL parolfactory prefrontal area FL parolfactory area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TG temporo polar area

FI Area frontoinsularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XLII (42)

stripe 1

TPG

PPo

TPCm

STG

TPCl

MTG

ITG

BA22

TG

ITP

TPG

BA21

TA

TPCm

TG

stripe 2

CG Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA33 BA24 LA2 von Economo a24‘ Regions of Interest a33‘

stripe 2

MFG BA9 FB

SFGM BA32 LA

SFGL

MFG

BA8 FC

BA6

BA8

FB

BA9

BA8

BA9

FC

FB

a24c‘

continuation

IFGOp IFGTr BA44 FC FDgamma+op

FOp Ins OP_G OP_I BA44 OP_PRCO FC IA1 IA2 FDgamma+op

AOI

BOp

TIG OP47 FFalpha+phi

BOp

AOI

POrG

MOrG FF

OlfA OP13

SG

SCA OP14

FH

CG

PCG

OP10 OP32OP24 BA*25

FHL

FL

LA2 25

159

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms sfs SFGL

SFGM MFG

Gyri

MNI Position y = 15.82 mm AHB Position y = -15.06 mm

slf I

cgs-a

slf II

ifs

CG

cgb

fmi cals lls

mls

sfo

slf III

gcc

scr

cis

Sulci

arc

fxl

cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cgs-i cingulate sulcus, inferior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus (f2) its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lf-v vertical ramus of lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pors post. olfactory sulcus pors-m middle post. olfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

Fibers

IFGOp

1p olfactory peduncle aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum fxl fornix longus gcc genu of corpus callosum lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum rcc rostrum of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

IFGTr

ec

rcc

aic

IG

ex

FOp racc

unc atr

CG

lf-v

dB

IFGTr IP

ofr sgr

IFGOr

AOI

cgs-i

lf

OlfA SCA

PPo BOp

olfs

po

rs

-m

POrG PMOL

SG

1p

ps

TIG pors

STG

ps

pors

MTG TPG

ITP

its ITG

ITP

160

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 20 Slice Nr. 1928

AOI Area orbitoinsularis CG cingulate gyrus BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IG insular gyrus IP insular pole ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

20 MNI: 15.82 ICL: -15.06 MCP: -29.80

fpms BA 6

7

BA 6

BA 6 sfs

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

5

BA 8 BA 8 cgs-a

BA 9

4

BA 32 BA 24

ifs

cals

3

BA 44

BA 33 lls

fmi

IGr mls SGl

SCS

gcc

2

scal BA 44 FLV

CdL

calv

cis

1

CdM aic

OP G ex

ec Pu

FCd

OP PRCO

BA*25 racc

AcL

OP I FPu

OP24

PPCl cgs-i

0 lf

OP PRCO

OP 47

OP32

BA22

1p olfactory peduncle AcL accumbens n., lateral p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) cals callosal sulcus calv callosal vein CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus cis circular insular sulcus ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fmi forceps minor of corpus callosum fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lls lateral longitudinal stria lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus mls medial longitudinal stria OlfA olfactory area olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,24,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP PRCO precentral opercular area (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus PPCl prepiriform claustrum ps polas sulcus Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum scal subcallosal fc SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sts superior temporal sulcus TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

-1

OP 13 OP10 OP 47

AO

OP14

1p

pors

ps

ps TPCl

-2

olfs sts

TPCm

-3

its BA 21

-4

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

161

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms sfs

SFGL

SFGM MFG

ifs

slf I

cgs-a

Gyri

MNI Position y = 14.22 mm AHB Position y = -13.56 mm

IFGOp

slf II CG cgb

fmi cals lls slf III scr

fxl

arc

Sulci

bcc

aps anterior parolfactory sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus (f2) its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pors transverse olfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus

Fibers

sfo

mls

1p olfactory peduncle aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum fxl fornix longus lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum rcc rostrum of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

IFGOp

FOp cis

aic

rcc

ec ex

racc CG

lf

IG

unc

atr dB ofr

aps

API

sgr SCA

OlfA

PPo

POrG

STG TIG

ps

olfs PMOL

SG

pors

MTG

ps

1p TPG

ITP its ITG ITP lots

162

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 21 Slice Nr. 1984

API area piriformis insulae CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IG insular gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

21 MNI: 14.22 ICL: -13.56 MCP: -28.30

fpms

7

BA 6

BA 6

sfs

6

BA 6 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

BA 8

5

BA 8

cgs-a

ifs

BA 9

4

BA 32 BA 24

BA 44

BA 33

3

cals SGl

IGr

SCS

gcc

2

scal

CSP CdL

FLV

SGl

sv

BA 44

1

cis

CdM ex

ec Cl Pu

FCd

OP G

0

racc PPCl BA*25

OP I

AcL

1p olfactory peduncle AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) aps anterior parolfactory sulcus cals callosal sulcus CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus Cl claustrum CSP cavity of septum pellucidum ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen gcc genu of corpus callosum ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,32,47 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) pors posterior orbital sulcus PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 ps polas sulcus Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum scal subcallosal fc SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

FPu OP32

aps

BA22

OP 47

-1

OP AON OP10 OP 47

OP 13 pors AO

OP14

ps

ps TPCl

-2

OP 13

olfs

sts

1p

TPCm

-3 BA 21 BA 20 its

PRC35

-4 lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

163

BA 6 BA 6 BA 6

BA 6

MNI Position y = 14.28 mm AHB Position y = -13.59 mm

BA 8 BA 8

Gyral Pattern

BA 9

BA 32

stripe 2

BA 24 BA 44 BA 33

API area piriformis insulae CG cingulate gyrus FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IG insular gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA25 area subgenualis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA44 area opercularis OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP32 area 32 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP47 area 47 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_AON anterior olfactory nucleus (by Öngür et al. 2003)

BA 44

OP G

BA 44

BA*25 OP32

OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_I agranular insular cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003)

OP I OP25

PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

OP AON

OP10

OP 47 OP 47

BA22

OP 13

FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FF granular orbital area FH prefrontal area FHL parolfactory prefrontal area FL parolfactory area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

TPCl

OP14

OP 13 TPCm

stripe 1

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 21 BA 20

Regions of Interest PRC35

164

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 21 Slice Nr. 1983

B. Vogt: 25 BA25 a24c‘ anterior division of BA24 a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33

FH Area praefrontalis. FHL Area praefrontalis parolfactoria. FL1 Area parolfactoria (prima). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XXXIX (39)

stripe 1

TPG Gyral pattern Brodmann areas PRC35 TPCm TG von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 2

LA2

LA

stripe 2

BA9 FB

STG

MTG

ITG

BA22 TA

SFGM BA32

a24‘

PPo TPCl

TE1

TG

TE1

BA21 TE2

ITP BA20

TPG PRC35

BA33

TG

CG BA24 LA2 a33‘ a24‘

continuation

CG BA24

stripe 2

SFGL

BA8

MFG

IFGOp

BA6

FC

BA8

FB

FC

FB

FC

BA9 FB

a24c‘

continuation

IFGOp BA44

FOp FC

Ins IA1

API OP_G IA2

OP_I IAB

POrG OP47

PMOL OP13 FF

OlfA SG SCA CG OP_AON OP13 OP14 OP10OP32 BA*25 FH FHL FL LA2 25

165

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms sfs

SFGL

SFGM

MNI Position y = 13.01 mm AHB Position y = -12.41 mm

MFG

cgs-a

Gyri

ifs

slf I

IFGOp slf II

CG cgb

IFGOp fmi cals

lls sfo

mls

IFGOp

bcc

slf III

arc fxl

Sulci

IFGOp

apsi anterior parolfactory sulcus, inf. branch apss anterior parolfactory sulcus, sup.branch cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus ifs inferior frontal sulcus (f2) its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pors transverse olfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

scr

1p olfactory peduncle aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum fxl fornix longus ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers rcc rostrum of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle sgr radiation of straight gyrus slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

FOp cis

aic

ec

rcc

ex

dB

IG

apss

atr unc

lf

SCG sts ofr

sgr

apsi SCA

ifo

STG API

OlfA

PPo

POrG

ps

AO ps pors SG

PMOL 1p

olfs

MTG

TPG Ent

ITP

its ITG

FuG lots rhs

166

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 22 Slice Nr. 2027

API area piriformis insulae AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IG insular gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare SCA subcallosal area SCG cingulate gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

22 MNI: 13.01 ICL: -12.41 MCP: -27.15

fpms BA 6

7 BA 6

BA 6

sfs

6

BA 8

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

cgs-a

5 ifs

BA 9

4

BA 32 BA 24 BA 9

BA 44

3

cals fmi BA 44

IGr cc

SCS

SGl

scal CSP

2

CdL

BA 44

FLV

sv

CdM

SB

cis

aic

1 BA 44

ec ex

FCd

Pu

SB

OP G

CoCl

BA*25

0

racc

PPCl

AcL FPu

apss OP32

OP I

sts

BA22

apsi OP10

-1

1p olfactory peduncle AcL accumbens n., lateral p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule AO anterior olfactory n. (retrobulbar region) apsi anterior parolfactory sulcus, inf. branch apss anterior parolfactory sulcus, sup.branch cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum CSP cavity of septum pellucidum ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fmi forceps minor of corpus callosum fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen ifs inferior frontal sulcus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus OlfA olfactory area OP10,13,14,32 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) olfs olfactory sulcus PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule pors posterior orbital sulcus PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum rhs rhinal sulcus SB striatal cell bridge scal subcallosal fc SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex TPCm medial temporopolar cortex

OP I

OP AON OP I

OP14 OP 13 AO

TPCl pors

OP I 1p

olfs

-2 TPCm

-3 BA 20

BA 21

its

-4

PRC35

lots rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

167

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms SFGL sfs

SFGM

MFG

cgs-a

Gyri

iprs

API area piriformis insulae CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IG insular gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Sulci

slf I

apsi anterior parolfactory sulcus, inf. branch apss anterior parolfactory sulcus, sup.branch cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olfs olfactory sulcus pors transverse olfactory sulcus pps posterior parolfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

MNI Position y = 10.11 mm AHB Position y = -9.62 mm

aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum fxl fornix longus ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers olfr olfactory radiation racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

slf II CG cgb

IFGOp

fmi

cals lls

mls

sfo bcc

PrG

slf III scr

arc FOp

fxl

cis

ec aic PTG

lf

STG

dB apss

IG

ex

atr unc

racc ifo

ofr

apsi

sts PPo

olfr

SCA

OlfA

PirF

SG

OlfA

ps pps

API PMOL

pors

TPG

olfs MTG Ent

ITP

irhs

its ITG PRC FuG lots

168

rhs

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 23 Slice Nr. 2131

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

23 MNI: 10.11 ICL: -9.62 MCP: -24.36

fpms BA 6

sfs

7 BA 6

6

BA 6 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

cgs-a

5

iprs BA 32

BA 8

4

BA 24

BA 9 iprs

cals

3 fmi

IGr cc

SGl sfo scal

CSP

2

BA 6

CdL FLV cis

sv

BA 44

CdM

1

aic ex

pps Pu FCd

ec CoCl

BA*25 racc

AcL AcM

apss

BA22

FPu

OP32

ifo

OP10

sts

-1

OP I

apsi OP14

0

PPCl

SSTI AcC

OP G

OP AON

OP 13

ps

OP I

OP I

Pir

ors

-2

BA22

TPCl

AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule apsi anterior parolfactory sulcus, inf. branch apss anterior parolfactory sulcus, sup.branch cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum CSP cavity of septum pellucidum ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fmi forceps minor of corpus callosum fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle IGr indusium griseum iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus olf olfactory peduncle olfs olfactory sulcus OP10,13,14,32 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) ors orbital sulcus Pir piriform cortex PPCl prepiriform claustrum pps posterior parolfactory sulcus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 ps polas sulcus Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum rhs rhinal sulcus scal subcallosal fc sfo superior fronto-occipital fc sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex

olfs olf

PRC35

-3 BA 21 irhs

its

-4

BA 20

PRC36

lots rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

169

BA 6 BA 6 BA 6

MNI Position y = 10.14 mm AHB Position y = -9.65 mm Gyral Pattern

stripe 2

BA 8

BA 32

BA 24

BA 9

BA 33 BA 44

BA 6

API area piriformis insulae CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IG insular gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SG straight gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus

Brodmann Areas

BA 44

OP G BA*25 BA22

OP32

OP I

PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pir piriform cortex TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

OP I OP AON TPCl

OP 13

OP I

von Economo and Koskinas

Pir

FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FL parolfactory area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area La precingulate agranular anterior limbic area La2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

PRC35

stripe 1

BA 20

BA 21

PRC36

170

OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_I agranular insular cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003)

OP25 OP14

BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA25 area subgenualis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA44 area opercularis OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP13 area 13 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP14 area 14 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP32 area 32 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_AON anterior olfactory nucleus (by Öngür et al. 2003)

Regions of Interest

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 23 Slice Nr. 2130

B. Vogt: a24c‘ anterior division of BA24 a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24

FCBm Area frontalis intermedio-agranularis magnocellularis in Campo BROCA. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XV (15)

stripe 1

TPG Gyral pattern Ent Pir Brodmann areas PRC36 TG von Economo Regions of Interest

PPo

STG

MTG

ITG

BA22

TPCl TA

ITP

BA21 TE1

TA

TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

PRC PRC35

Ent PRC36

TG

stripe 2

CG BA33 La2 a33‘

SFGM

BA24

MFG

a24c‘

IFGOp BA8 BA9

BA6 FB

FC

La a24‘

stripe 2

SFGL

BA32

FB

FC

p24c‘

continuation

IFGOp BA9 FB

FOp

Ins

BA44 FC

IA1

OP_G IA2 IAB

PirF OP_I

API OP_I

OlfA

1p OlfA SG SCA PTG OP14 OP32 BA*25 OP_AON OP13 OP10 FL

171

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

fpms

SFGL

sfs

MFG

SFGM cgs-a

MNI Position y = 7.18 mm AHB Position y = -6.91 mm

CG

Gyri Sulci

iprs

CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IG insular gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PCA precommissural archicortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TPG tempopolar gyrus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pps posterior parolfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf I

aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fxl fornix longus ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers olf olfactory peduncle olfr olfactory radiation racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

slf II

cgb

PrG

racc IFGOp

cals

iprs

lls mls

sfo

bcc

slf III

scr

arc fxl

cis

PrG

p

IFG

FO

ec

ex

atr

PTG

Op

IG aic

lf

ec PPo

dB

unc STG

ifo

ofr

racc

sts

SCA olfr pps

ps

PirF

PCA

MTG

OlfA TPG olf unc Ent ITP MTG

its

irhs

ITG

PRC FuG

172

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 24 Slice Nr. 2232

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

24 MNI: 7.18 ICL: -6.91 MCP: -21.65

BA 6 fpms sfs

7 BA 6

6

cgs-a

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

5

BA 6

iprs

BA 32 BA 24

BA 8

4

BA 6

BA 9 iprs

cals

3

lls IGr

mls

SCS

cc

CdL

2 BA 44 SptP CdM

cis

BA 6

sv ex

1

aic Pu

pps

lf

FCd CoCl apss

AcL

0

ec OP G

BA*25

AcM

AcC

FPu

racc

PPCl

unc

sts

SSTI OP 10 OP 14

molf

-1

olfr

OP I ps

OP I

OP AON

OP AON

AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule apss anterior parolfactory sulcus, sup.branch cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen IGr indusium griseum iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lls lateral longitudinal stria lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus mls medial longitudinal stria molf medial olfactory radiation olf olfactory peduncle olfr olfactory radiation OP10,14 areas defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) Pir piriform cortex PPCl prepiriform claustrum pps posterior parolfactory sulcus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 ps polas sulcus Pu putamen racc radiation of corpus callosum rhs rhinal sulcus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SptP septum pellucidum SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex unc uncinate fc

BA22

TPCl

Pir

-2 olf PRC35

-3

BA 21

its

irhs

BA 20

-4 PRC36 lots rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

173

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL

fpms

sfs

MFG SFGM cgs-a

sprs

MNI Position y = 5.63 mm AHB Position y = -5.36 mm

CG

Gyri

slf I PrG iprs

slf II PrG

cgb

racc

cals lls

sfo

mls

iprs slf III

fxl

arc

ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pps posterior parolfactory sulcus ps polar sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fxl fornix longus ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

p FO cis

Sulci

PrG

bcc

Fibers

scr

ec ex

IFG

aic

PTG

lf

Op

Ins

ascs

atr

dB

unc STG

ofr

ifo

sts

SCA PPo ps

PirF pps

PCA OlfA

PirT

MTG unc Ent ITP

its irhs

ITG PRC FuG

174

CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PCA precommissural archicortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 25 Slice Nr. 2290

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

25 MNI: 5.63 ICL: -5.36 MCP: -20.10

BA 6 fpms

sfs

7 BA 6

6 sprs cgs-a BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101) *BA25 see p. 101

BA 6

BA 32

5

iprs

BA 24

4

BA 6

BA 8

BA 9 cals iprs BA 44

SCS

cc

3

CdL

2

FLV

cis

BA 6

CdM

sv

1 aic

lf Pu

ec

ex

LSV

BA22 FCd

pps

dB

BA*25

CoCl

0 OP G

AcL

VCl

AcM

FPu

PPCl

AcC SSTI

OP 10

Tu molf OP AON

sts

unc

-1

OP I

OP I

AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule AOP anterior olfactory n., post. p. cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum dB diagonal band (Bandeletta diagonalis) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. molf medial olfactory radiation OP10 area defined by Öngür et.al. (2003) OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) Pir piriform cortex PPCl prepiriform claustrum pps posterior parolfactory sulcus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 ps polas sulcus Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex Tu olfactory tubercle unc uncinate fc VCl ventral claustrum

BA22

ps

OP AON Pir

-2

TPCl

PRC35

-3

BA 21

its

irhs BA 20

-4

PRC36 lots rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

175

BA 6

BA 6

BA 6

stripe 2 MNI Position y = 5.77 mm AHB Position y = -5.49 mm Gyral Pattern

BA 6

BA 32 BA 24

stripe 3

BA 8

CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PCA precommissural archicortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SCA subcallosal area SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus

BA 6

BA 9

BA 44

Brodmann Areas

BA 6

BA22 BA 44

BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA25 area subgenualis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA33 area praegenualis BA44 area opercularis OP10 area 10 (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_AON anterior olfactory nucleus (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_I agranular insular cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003)

OP G

PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pir piriform cortex TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex BA*1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 extension of areas OP10-47

BA*25 OP I

OP10 OP AON

OP I

BA22

OP AON

Pir TPCl

PRC35

BA 21

stripe 1

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area FL parolfactory area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance La precingulate agranular anterior limbic area La2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24

BA 20

PRC36

176

von Economo and Koskinas

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 25 Slice Nr. 2285

FDCop. Area frontalis intermedio agranularis opercularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XI (11)

Photo taken from neighbouring section

stripe 1

Ent

PirT

PRC35 TG

PPo

Pir

STG

TPCl

MTG

IBT

TA

TE1

stripe 3

FuG

PRC

BA20

Ent

PRC36 PRC35

TE2

TG

stripe 3

PrG

PrG BA6 FB

ITP

BA21

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

ITG

BA22

FA

CG BA33 La2

FB

SFGM

BA24

a33‘

SFGL

BA32

BA6

La a24‘

FB p24c‘

continuation

SFGL

MFG BA6

IFGOp BA8

FB

BA9

FOp

Ins

BA44 FC

IA1

IA2

PirF OP_G IAB

OlfA

PCA

OP_I

OP10 OP_AON

SCA PTG BA*25

FL

177

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL

fpms

sfs

MFG SFGM sprs

cgs-a

MFG

MNI Position y = 4.34 mm AHB Position y = -4.15 mm

CG

Gyri

slf I PrG iprs slf II

PrG cgb

racc IFGOp

cals lls mls

sfo

bcc

iprs

scr

slf III

PrG

arc

Sulci

pcfx

cis FO p

aic

IFG

ec

Op

ex

lf

Ins atr lml

Fibers

ascs

dB ceis

unc pps

STG

ifo

sts

PPo G PT

ofr cis

PirF OlfA

PCA

Li PirT

lo ox

PIR

Un

AG

MTG

unc mlf ilf

Ent

irhs

its

PRC

ITG FuG

178

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 26 Slice Nr. 2335

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus Li limen insulae MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PCA precommissural archicortex PIR parainsular region PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pps posterior parolfactory sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma pcfx precommissural fornix racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8 BA 6

26 MNI: 4.34 ICL: -4.15 MCP: -18.89

fpms

sfs

7 BA 6

6 sprs

cgs-a

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6

5 BA 32 iprs BA 24

4 BA 6

BA 8 BA 9 iprs

3 SCS

cc

BA 44 CdL

pcfx

2 CdM cis

BA 6

sv aic ec

SCGP

1 ex lf

Pu FCd

CoCl

lml

BA22

0

EGP VCl

AcL

GTI

FPu AcC TuTI

BA25 Tu P3V LT PCA

PPCl

SSTI

OP G

ilf

PPCl

AcM

DiCl

sts OP I

-1

unc PirF cis

OP AON Li

OP I ox

PirT

AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum ec external capsule EC entorhinal cortex EGP external globus pallidus ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen GTI great terminal island ilf inferior longitudinal fc iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure Li limen insulae lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LT lamina terminalis OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) ox optic chiasma P3V preoptic recess of third ventr. PAC periamygdaloid cortex PCA precommissural archicortex pcfx precommissural fornix PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SCA subcallosal area SCGP supracapsular part of globus pallidus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands unc uncinate fc VCl ventral claustrum

-2 PAC

PRC35

irhs

-3

BA 21

EC

its

-4

BA 20 PRC36

lots

rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

179

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL fpms

sfs

pl17a_r3-1505_myelin.ppp

MFG

SFGM

sprs

cgs-a

MNI Position y = 3.12 mm AHB Position y = -2.81 mm

CG slf I

Gyri

PrG iprs

slf II

PrG cgb

cals

racc

lls

sfo

IF

G

scr

mls

O

p

slf III

iprs

bcc arc

PrG

Sulci

pcfx

ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pps posterior parolfactory sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

cis

aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma pcfx precommissural fornix racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

FOp aic ec ex

Ins atr

lf

lml ascs

dB ceis

mfb

STG

unc ifo

pps

PTG

PirF cis

OlfA lo ox

sts

PPo

ofr

Li

PIR PirT

Un AG

unc ilf

MTG

mlf

Ent

its

irhs

ITG PRC FuG

180

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 27 Slice Nr. 2385

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus Li limen insulae MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PIR parainsular region PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

MNI: 3.12 ICL: -2.81 MCP: -17.55

fpms

BA 6

27

sfs

7 BA 6

6 sprs

cgs-a

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6

5 BA 32 iprs BA 24

4 BA 6

BA 8 BA 9 BA 6

3 SCS

cc

BA 44 CdL pcfx

2 CdM

cis ec

sv

aic ex

SCGP

1 lf

Pu CoCl

lml

FCd

BA22

0 EGP VCl

AcL

DiCl GTI PTG

AcM

Tu

FPu

TuTI

AcC SSTI

PPCl

ilf

sts

-1

OP I

PPCl unc

OP AON

OP G

PirF

LT PCA

cis

Li

P3V

PirT

ox PAC

-2

TCl unc

AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum ec external capsule EC entorhinal cortex EGP external globus pallidus ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen GTI great terminal island ilf inferior longitudinal fc iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure Li limen insulae lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LT lamina terminalis OlfA olfactory area OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP I agranular insular cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) ox optic chiasma P3V preoptic recess of third ventr. PAC periamygdaloid cortex PCA precommissural archicortex pcfx precommissural fornix PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PTG paraterminal gyrus Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SCA subcallosal area SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands unc uncinate fc VCl ventral claustrum

PRC35

-3 BA 21 EC its

irhs

-4

BA 20 PRC36 lots rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

181

BA 6

BA 6

stripe 2 BA 32

MNI Position y = 3.52 mm AHB Position y = -3.35 mm BA 6

Gyral Pattern BA 24 BA 6

BA 8

BA 9

BA 6

stripe 3

BA 44

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus Li limen insulae MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area PIR parainsular region PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PTG paraterminal gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas

BA 44

BA22

BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA9 area frontalis granularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA44 area opercularis EC external capsule OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) OP_I agranular insular cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pir piriform cortex

OP G

von Economo and Koskinas FA FB FC IA1 IA2 IAB IBT

precentral area agranular frontal area intermediate frontal area dorsal precentral insular area ventral precentral insular area insular transition area postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

OP I PirF

stripe 1 PirT Pir

PAC

Regions of Interest

PRC35 BA 21 EC

PRC36 BA 20

182

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 27 Slice Nr. 2365

B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24

TGa Area temporopolaris agranularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XCIX (99)

Photo taken from neighbouring section

stripe 1

Pir

PPo

STG

MTG

ITG

BA22

BA21

TA

IBT TG

TE1

stripe 2

PrG Gyral pattern MFG BA6 Brodmann areas FB von Economo FA Regions of Interest

stripe 3

SFGL

FuG

PRC PRC36

BA20 TE2

TG

Pir Pir

Ent AG PRC35 EC PAC TG

stripe 3

CG

MFG

SFGM

BA24 FA

la2 a33‘

SFGL

BA32

BA6

la a24‘

FB p24c‘

continuation

MFG BA6

IFGOp BA9

PrG BA6

BA8 FB

FA

BA9 FB

IFGOp BA44

FOp FC

Ins IA1

IA2

OP_G IAB

OP_I IBT

183

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL

fpms

sfs

MFG

SFGM

cgs-a

sprs

MFG

CG

MNI Position y = 2.53 mm AHB Position y = -2.65 mm

slf I

Gyri

PrG iprs slf II cgb

PrG racc

cals lls mls

sfo scr

bcc

IFGOp

slf III

iprs

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus Li limen insulae MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PIR parainsular region PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus

aic

FO

ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression) ac anterior commissure aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle dB diagonal band (Broca) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma pcfx precommissural fornix racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. unc uncinate fascicle

PrG

p

ec

Sulci

cis pcfx

Fibers

arc

ex Ins

lml

atr

lf ascs

ac

dB

STG ceis

PPo-l

unc mfb

ifo

sts

ofr PirF cis

Li lo

PIR PirT

ox

PPo

Un AG

unc MTG

mlf

ilf uns Ent

irhs

its PRC

ITG FuG

184

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 28 Slice Nr. 2391

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

MNI: 2.53 ICL: -2.65 MCP: -17.39

fpms

BA 6

28

sfs

7 BA 6

6 cgs-a sprs BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6

5 BA 32

iprs BA 24

4 BA 6 BA 8

mls IGr

3

BA 6

SCS

cc

BA 44 CdL

pcfx

2

CdM ec

SFi sv

cis

SCGP

1

ex

aic CdV LSV

lf

lml

SCTI

Pu

CoCl

FCd

DiCl BA22

BSTL BSTC EGP

GTI

VDB

VCl

ac

AcL

mfb

0

AcM AcC TuTI

OP G

ilf

unc

FPu

sts

-1

PPCl

SSTI

Tu

PirF

LT SCh

P3V

lo

OP AON

Li cis PirT

ox PAC

PACl

-2

TCl unc BA 21 PRC35

-3 ELR its irhs

PRC36

ac anterior commissure AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aic anterior limb of the internal capsule BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central division BSTL bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral division cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum ec external capsule EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield ex extreme capsule FCd fundus region of caudate n. fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen GTI great terminal island IGr indusium griseum ilf inferior longitudinal fc iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure Li limen insulae lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. LT lamina terminalis mfb medial forbrain bundle mls medial longitudinal stria OlfA olfactory area OP AON anterior olfactory nucleus (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et. al. 2003) ox optic chiasma P3V preoptic recess of third ventr. PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pcfx precommissural fornix PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum SCTI subcaudate terminal island SFi septofimbrial n. sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands unc uncinate fc VCl ventral claustrum VDB vert. limb of the diagonal band

-4

BA 20 lots

rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

185

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL fpms

sfs SFGM

MFG

cgs-a sprs

MFG

CG

MNI Position y = 2.14 mm AHB Position y = -2.03 mm Gyri

iprs

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus Li limen insulae MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PIR parainsular region PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus

Sulci

PrG

cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf I

ac anterior commissure aco anterior commissure, anterior limb aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fxl fornix longus ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle

slf II PrG cgb

racc cals lls mls

sfo scr

bcc

PrG slf III iprs arc

fxl

cis

p

FO

aic

Op

IFG

ec

ex

st

Ins

lf

atr lml

ac PPo-l ceis mfb

aco

unc ofr

STG ifo

sts

PPo PirF Li

lo

cis PIR

PirT ox

Un AG

unc ilf

MTG

mlf

Ent

irhs

its PRC

ITG FuG

186

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 29 Slice Nr. 2414

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

29 MNI: 2.14 ICL: -2.03 MCP: -16.77

fpms BA 6 sfs

7 BA 6

cgs-a

6 sprs BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6

BA 32

5

iprs BA 24

4 BA 6

IGr

3

BA 6

SCS scal

cc CdL

BA 44

FLV

2 CdM

pcfx LSD SFi

cis

ec

SCGP

SB

aic

1

ex LSI

BA 6

CdV

lf lml

BSTLJ

Pu

BSTM

DiCl

LSV

EGP

BSTC

aco VDB

AcM

FPu

unc VCl

AcC Tu

0

ac VGP

AcL

GTI

BA22

CoCl

PPCl

SSTI

TuTI

OP G sts

ilf

-1 BA22

PirF

LT SCh

lo

Li

P3V

cis

ox

PirT

PAC

-2

unc

PACl

Un

TCl

BA 21

PRC35

-3

ELR its

irhs

PRC36

-4

ac anterior commissure AcC accumbens n., central p. AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aco anterior commissure, anterior limb aic anterior limb of the internal capsule BA1-52 Brodman areas 1-52 ( see plate Nr. 1 ) BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central division BSTLJ bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular p. BSTM bed n. of the stria terminalis, medial division cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum ec external capsule EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield ex extreme capsule FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen GTI great terminal island IGr indusium griseum ilf inferior longitudinal fc iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure Li limen insulae lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. LT lamina terminalis OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et.al., 2003) ox optic chiasma P3V preoptic recess of third ventr. PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pcfx precommissural fornix PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SB striatal cell bridge scal subcallosal fc SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum SFi septofimbrial n. sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus TCl temporal claustrum Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands Un uncus unc uncinate fc VCl ventral claustrum VDB vert. limb of the diagonal band VGP ventral globus pallidus

BA 20 lots rhs

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

187

BA 6

BA 6

stripe 1 BA 32

MNI Position y = 1.97 mm AHB Position y = -1.87 mm

BA 6

Gyral Pattern

BA 24 BA 6

stripe 2

BA 6

BA 44

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus Li limen insulae MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PIR parainsular region PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA8 area frontalis intermedia BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA44 area opercularis ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield

BA 6

OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 Pir piriform cortex

BA22

von Economo and Koskinas

OP G

PirF

BA22

PirT PAC BA 21

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24

PRC35 BA 21 ELR

PRC36

188

BA 20

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 29 Slice Nr. 2420

FB Area frontalis agranularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate VII (7)

stripe 1

MFG

PrG BA6

FB

FA

FB

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas la2 von Economo Regions of Interest a33‘

stripe 2

MFG BA8

p24c‘

IFGOp BA6

FB

FA

BA8 FB

BA44

FC FB

FOp

Ins

BA6 FC

IA1

IA2

continuation

Pir

Ins

PPo

PPo-l

OP_G IAB

SFGL BA6 FB

la a24‘

PrG

BA6

IA2

SFGM BA32

continuation

SFGL

stripe 2

CG BA24

IB

STG

MTG

BA22 TG IBT

TA

ITG BA21

TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

PRC PRC36 TG

Ent ELR PRC35

AG PAC

Pir Pir

189

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci fpms SFGL

sfs

SFGM MFG cgs-a

sprs CG

MNI Position y = 1.41 mm AHB Position y = -1.39 mm Gyri

iprs

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

PrG

cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

slf I

ac anterior commissure aco anterior commissure, anterior limb aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma pcfx precommissural fornix racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle

slf II PrG cgb

racc cals lls

mls

sfo scr

bcc

slf III

s ipr

arc

pcfx

PrG

cis

p

FO

aic

Op

IFG

pcfx

st

ec

atr

lml

lf ex

Ins ac

PPo-l

ceis

STG

unc

aco mfb

sts

ifo

ofr

pcis

PirF lo

cis PPo

PirT

ox Un

unc AG

mlf ilf

MTG

uns Ent

irhs

PRC

its ITG FuG

190

rhs

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 30 Slice Nr. 2438

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

30 MNI: 1.41 ICL: -1.39 MCP: -16.13

fpms BA 6 sfs

7 BA 6

cgs-a

6 sprs BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 32

BA 6

5

BA 24

iprs

4 BA 6

SCS

IGr

3

cc

scal CdL

BA 6

BA 44 pcfx

FLV

2

CdM LSD cis

ec

aic

SFi

ex

sv

TS

BA 43

CdV

SCGP

1

tsv BA 6

LSI BSTL LSV BS TM

Pu

lml

PRt CoCl

BS TC

BA22

EGP

DPeH

ac

MPOM

AcM GTI

0 VCl

VGP aco

MPO

FPu

DiCl ilf

AcC

PaAP

SSTI

TuTI SO SCh

HDB

Tu

PAC

lo cis

unc

PirT

PAM

Un

-1

OP G

PirF Li

ox

sts

PPCl

VDB

AVPe P3V

lf

-2

PACl

TCl BA 21

PRC35

-3 ELR

irhs

its

PRC36

-4 BA 20 rhs

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

ac anterior commissure AcC accumbens n., central p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aco anterior commissure, anterior limb aic anterior limb of the internal capsule AVPe anteroventral periventricular hypoth. n. BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, centra division BSTL bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral division BSTM bed n. of the stria terminalis, medial division cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DPeH dorsal periventricular hypothalamic n. ec external capsule EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield ex extreme capsule FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen GTI great terminal island HDB horizontal limb of the diagonal band IGr indusium griseum ilf inferior longitudinal fc iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure Li limen insulae lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. MPO medial preoptic n. MPO medial preoptic n., medial p. OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et.al., 2003) ox optic chiasma P3V preoptic recess of third ventr. PaAP paraventricular hypothalamic n., anterior parvicellular p. PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum PAM periamygdaloid cortex pcfx precommissural fornix PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PPCl prepiriform claustrum PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus scal subcallosal fc SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum SFi septofimbrial n. sfs superior frontal sulcus SO supraoptic n. sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum TS triangular septal n. tsv thalamostriate vein Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands Un uncus unc uncinate fc VCl ventral claustrum VDB vertical limb of the diagonal band VGP ventral globus palidus

7

191

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs fpms

SFGL

sfs

SFGM MFG

cgs-a sprs MFG

CG

MNI Position y = 0.68 mm AHB Position y = -0.67 mm Gyri

slf I

PrG iprs slf II PrG racc

cgb

cals lls

sfo

mls

scr

PrG slf III

cis

ac anterior commissure aco anterior commissure, anterior limb arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule ic internal capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma pcfx precommissural fornix racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle

Op

p FO

st

lf Ins

lml

atr

ec

ex

ac ceis

aco

PPo-l STG

unc

sls

sts

ifo

ofr

mfb

pcis

PirF lo

ox

PirT

cis

PAM

Un

PPo unc

AG

ilf

mlf MTG

uns Ent

PRC

irhs

its ITG

rhs

192

cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

IFG

ic

pcfx

Sulci

arc

pcfx

Fibers

s ipr

bcc

FuG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 31 Slice Nr. 2465

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

pacs

31 MNI: 0.68 ICL: -0.67 MCP: -15.41

fpms

BA 6

sfs

7 BA 6

cgs-a

6 sprs BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 32

BA 6

5

BA 24 iprs

4 BA 6

SCS

3

scal

cc CdL

BA 6

BA 44 FLV CdM

2

LSD

cis

ec

BA 43 aic SFi sv

fx

LSI

ex

SCGP

1

CdV

tsv

BA 6

Pu lml

BSTL

LSV

lf

PRt BS TM BSTC ac DPeH aco MnPO AcL PaAP GTI AcM

TS

CoCl

EGP

0 VGP

ac

ilf

SSTI MPO AVPe

mfb ADB HDB

ox

DiCl

sts

BC

TuTI

VCl

-1

PirF

Tu SO

P3V

BA 22

VCl FPu

OP G lo

SCh PAM

cis

unc

PirT PACl

AG PACl

-2 TCl

AB

Eo

La unn ER

BA 21

-3

ELR

PRC35 its

irhs BA 20

rhs

PRC36

-4

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

AB access. basal amygdaloid n. ac anterior commissure AcL accumbens n., lateral p. AcM accumbens n., medial p. aco anterior commissure, anterior limb ADB n. of the diagonal band, angular p. AG ambiens gyrus aic anterior limb of the internal capsule AVPe anteroventral periventricular hypothal. n. BC basal n., compact part BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central div. BSTL bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral div. BSTM bed n. of the stria terminalis, medial div. cc corpus calosum CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DPeH dorsal periventricular hypothalamic n. ec external capsule EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield Eo entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield ex extreme capsule FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (column and body) GTI great terminal island HDB horizontal limb of the diagonal band ilf inferior longitudinal fc iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus La lateral amygdaloid n. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. mfb medial forbrain bundle MnPO median preoptic n. MPO medial preoptic n. OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et.al., 2003) ox optic chiasma P3V preoptic recess of third ventr. PaAP paraventricular hypothalamic n., ant. parvicellular p. PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus scal subcallosal fc SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum SFi septofimbrial n. sfs superior frontal sulcus SO supraoptic n. sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum TS triangular septal n. tsv thalamostriate vein Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands unc uncinate fc unn uncal notch VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus palidus

193

BA 6

BA 6

BA 32

stripe 1 MNI Position y = 0.51 mm AHB Position y = -0.48 mm

BA 6 BA 24

Gyral Pattern

BA 6

stripe 3 stripe 2 BA 44

BA 6

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas BA 43

BA 6

BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA43 area subcentralis BA44 area opercularis Hi hippocampus OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas BA 22

PirF

BA 22 OP G

PAM

PirT

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest Eo ER

BA 21 ELR

PRC35 BA 20

194

PRC36

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 31 Slice Nr. 2472

B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24

FB(C)op. Area frontalis (intermedio-) agranularis in operculo. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate X (10)

stripe 1

MFG

PrG

BA6 FB

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

FA

FB

stripe 3

PrG

IFGOp BA6 FC

FB

CG BA24

PrG BA44 FB a33‘

la2 p24‘

SFGM

SFGL

BA32

BA6 FB

la a24‘

p24c‘

continuation

SFGL

MFG

IFGOp

PrG BA43

BA6 FB

stripe 3

MFG

BA6

FA

FOp

PPo

Ins

BA6

OP_G

FB

FC

IA1

IA2

IAB

IB

IBT

TA

continuation

STG

PPo-l TA

ITG

MTG

BA22

BA21 TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

PRC PRC36

PRC35

Ent Hi

TG

195

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs fpms

SFGL

sfs

SFGM MFG

cgs-a sprs

slf I

MNI Position y = 0.00 mm AHB Position y = 0.00 mm Gyri Sulci

PrG

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

CG

ac anterior commissure aco anterior commissure, anterior limb aic anterior limb of the internal capsule arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cfx column of fornix cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fxl fornix longus ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus ofr orbito-frontal fibers ox optic chiasma racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria sox supraoptic commissure st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

iprs

slf II racc

cgb

PrG

cals lls

mls

sfo scr

bcc

slf III Op

IFG

PrG

arc fxl cis

aic

FOp

ascs

st lml lf

Ins atr

cfx

ec

ac

ex

ceis

mml ac

unc

STG

ifo

ofr

aco mfb

PPo-l

sts

vaf

sls

pcis unc

sox

lo

ox

PAM Un

cis

PirT

PPo

AG

ilf

uns

mlf

MTG Ent

PRC its

irhs ITG rhs FuG

196

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 32 Slice Nr. 2490

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8

32 MNI: 0.00 ICL: 0.00 MCP: -14.74

fpms

sfs

BA 6

7 BA 6

6

cgs-a sprs

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 6

BA 24 iprs

4 BA 6

SCS

IGr

3

scal

BA 6

FLV

CdL

BA 44

CdM

2

LSD ic

MS

BA 43

LSI CdV

sv tsv SGl

BA 6

SCGP lml

lf

Pu

BSTL

fx

1

PRt

BSTM LSV TS

BSTC

EGP CoCl

0

ac mml

DPeH

ac

MPO Unn

LH mfb SxD

PaD MPOL PaMC 3V ox

VCl

VGP

GTI BSTV db

SO

FPu

unc

SSTI BC

TuTI

BA 22 ilf

DiCl

sts

LiCl

-1

PirF lo

Tu

opt

unc

OP G

PirT PAC

PACl

InfS SCh

PACl

TCl

-2

BM La

AG unn

BA 21 BLVM

Eo ER

-3

BA 21 ELR PRC35 its

irhs

-4

BA 20 rhs PRC36

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure AG ambiens gyrus BC basal n., compact part BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central div. BSTL bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral div. BSTM bed n. of the stria terminalis, medial div. BSTV bed n. of the stria terminalis, ventral div. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. CoCl compact insular claustrum db diagonal band (Bandeletta diagonalis) DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DPeH dorsal periventricular hypothalamic n. EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield Eo entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (column and body) GTI great terminal island ic internal capsule IGr indusium griseum ilf inferior longitudinal fc InfS infundibular stalk iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus La lateral amygdaloid n. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of the glob. pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. mfb medial forbrain bundle mml medial medullary lamina of glob. pallidus MPO medial preoptic n. MPOL medial preoptic nucleus, lateral p. MS medial septal n. OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et.al., 2003) opt optic tract ox optic chiasma PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaD paraventricular n., dorsal p. PaMC paraventricular n., magnocellular p. PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus scal subcallosal fc SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa SO supraoptic n. sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein SxD sexual dimorphic n. TCl temporal claustrum TS triangular septal n. tsv thalamostriate vein Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands unc uncinate fc Unn uncinate nucleus VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus palidus

197

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs fpms

SFGL

sfs

SFGM

MFG

cgs-a sprs slf I

MNI Position y = -0.79 mm AHB Position y = 0.70 mm Gyri Sulci

PrG

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

CG

ac anterior commissure arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cfx column of fornix cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column and body) fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria sox supraoptic commissure st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

iprs racc

slf II PrG

cgb

cals lls mls

sfo

bcc

scr

slf III IFG

PrG

Op

fxl

arc ec

ic

cis ex FOp

st fx

lml

ascs

Ins

lf

atr

cfx

ec

ac

mml

ex

PPo-l

ceis ac unc

mfb

STG

ifo

vaf

pcis

sts

sls sox

unc opt

PAM

cis

PirT

PPo

Un

MTG

AG mlf ilf

uns

Ent

PRC irhs

its ITG

rhs FuG

198

lots

Substance P Section Nr. 33 Slice Nr. 2492

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8

BA 6

33 MNI: -0.79 ICL: 0.70 MCP: -14.04

fpms sfs

7 BA 6

6

cgs-a

sprs

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 6

BA 24 iprs

4 BA 6

SCS

IGr

3

CdL BA 6

BA 44

FLV CdM

LSD

2 cis ic

MS LSI

CdV

sv

BA 43

SCGP

tsv

1 lf

lml

st

LSV BSTM

BA 6

Pu

PRt

fx

BSTL BSTC

BA42

EGP

CoCl

TS

0 ac DPeH

BA 22

mml ac

MPO Unn

LH mfb

PaD PaMC 3V SCh

SxD

VCl

VGP

GTI BSTV db

FPu SSTI

ilf

BC

BA 22 DiCl

sts

-1

PirF

TuTI

PirT

lo

SO ox

unc

unc OP G

Tu PAC PACl

InfS

TCl

BM

AG

-2

La unn

Eo

BA 21

BLVM ER

BA 21

-3 PRC35

ELR

its

irhs

-4 rhs PRC36

BA 20

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure AG ambiens gyrus BC basal n., compact part BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central div. BSTL bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral div. BSTM bed n. of the stria terminalis, medial div. BSTV bed n. of the stria terminalis, ventral div. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum db diagonal band (Bandeletta diagonalis) DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DPeH dorsal periventricular hypothalamic n. EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield Eo entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield FLV frontal horn of lat. ventricle fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (column and body) GTI great terminal island ic internal capsule IGr indusium griseum ilf inferior longitudinal fc InfS infundibular stalk iprs inferior precentral sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus La lateral amygdaloid n. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lo lateral olfactory tract lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. mfb medial forbrain bundle mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus MPO medial preoptic n. MS medial septal n. OP G gustatory cortex (mapped from Öngür et.al., 2003) ox optic chiasma PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaD paraventricular n., dorsal p. PaMC paraventricular n., magnocellular p. PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus SO supraoptic n. sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein SxD sexual dimorphic n. TCl temporal claustrum TS triangular septal n. tsv thalamostriate vein Tu olfactory tubercle TuTI tubercular terminal islands unc uncinate fc Unn uncinate nucleusv unn uncal notch VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus palidus

199

BA 6

BA 6

stripe 1

MNI Position y = -0.76 mm AHB Position y = 0.73 mm

BA 6

Gyral Pattern

stripe 3

BA 24

BA 6

stripe 2 BA 44

BA 6

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAC periamygdaloid cortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior)

BA 43 BA 6

BA42 BA 22

BA43 area subcentralis BA44 area opercularis Hi hippocampus OP_G gustatory cortex (by Öngür et al. 2003) PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 22 OP G

PirF PirT PAC

AG

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24

Eo ER BA 21 ELR

PRC35

PRC36

200

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

BA 20

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 33 Slice Nr. 2517

HA(1) Area uncinata. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate C (100)

stripe 1

PrG BA6 FC

BA44 FB

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

stripe 3

MFG

PrG

CG BA24

MFG

BA6 FB

FA

FB a33‘

la2 p24‘

SFGM la a24‘

MFG

FOp BA43

FB

IBT

p24c‘

PrG BA6

PPo

SFGL BA6 FB

continuation

SFGL

stripe 3

IFGOp BA44 FB

FA

Ins

PPo

BA6 FB

OP_G FC

IA1

IA2

IAB

IB

IBT

continuation

PPo-l

STG BA22 BA42 TA

MTG BA22

ITG BA21

TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

PRC PRC36

Ent PRC35

AG Hi

Pir

TG

201

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs SFGL

fpms

sfs

SFGM MFG

cgs-a sprs slf I

MNI Position y = -1.35 mm AHB Position y = 1.26 mm Gyri

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression) mts middle temporal sulcus

Fibers

CG

ac anterior commissure arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cfx column of fornix cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria sox supraoptic commissure st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

PrG racc

iprs

slf II

cgb

PrG cals

sfo lls bcc

mls

slf III

scr

Op

IFG

PrG

arc

fxl

cis

ic FOp st

ascs lf lml atr

cfx

Ins ec

ex

mml ceis

ac unc

ifo

STG

vaf

mfb

sls

pcis PirT

sox

PPo-l

sts

cis

PAM

opt

PPo Un

mts AG ilf mlf uns MTG Ent

ITG rhs

FuG

202

its

PRC

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 34 Slice Nr. 2537

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8 BA 6

34 MNI: -1.35 ICL: 1.26 MCP: -13.48

fpms

sfs

7

BA 6

6 cgs-a

sprs

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6

5 BA 24 iprs

4

BA 6 IGr

SCS

3 CSP

CdL

LV

BA 43

CdM

LSD

2 BA 4

MS BA 6 sv tsv

DCl lml

ic

fx SFO 3V

SCGP

CdV

LSI

1

BA 43

PRt

Pu

BSTLJ

PaFo LSV

BA42

EGP

BSTP

CoCl

BSTC mml

0

DoH MPO PaD PaPC PaMC

ac VGP

LH LH

BSTV

mfb

AH

PAC CxA ACo GSL

SO opt

PAM

InfS

unc

DiCl

PirF

Tu 3V sox

SSTI

BC

BD

SCh

VCl FPu

EA

sts LiCl

-1

BA 22

LiCl PirT PACl

BM

TCl

AG Un

Eo

BLVM BL

-2 La

unn

ER

-3 BA 21

PRC35 ELR its rhs

-4 PRC36

BA 20

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus AH anterior hypothalamic area BC basal n., compact part BD basal n., diffuse part BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central div. BSTLJ bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular p. BSTP bed n. of the stria terminalis, posterior div. BSTV bed n. of the stria terminalis, ventral div. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. CoCl compact insular claustrum CSP cavity of septum pellucidum CxA cortico-amygdaloid transition area DCl dorsal claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DoH dorsal hypothalamic n. EA extended amygdala EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield Eo entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (column) GSL gyrus semilunaris IGr indusium griseum InfS infundibular stalk iprs inferior precentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus La lateral amygdaloid n. LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LSV lateral septal n., ventral p. LV lateral ventricle mfb medial forbrain bundle mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus MPO medial preoptic n. MS medial septal n. opt optic tract PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaD paraventricular n., dorsal p. PaFo paraventricular n., fornical p. PAM periamygdaloid cortex PaMC paraventricular n., magnocellular p. PaPC paraventricular n., parvicellular p. PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus SCGP supracapsular part of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SCS subcallosal stratum SFO subfornical organ sfs superior frontal sulcus SO supraoptic n. sox supraoptic commissure sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum tsv thalamostriate vein Tu olfactory tubercle Un uncus unc uncinate fc unn uncal notch VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus palidus

203

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs SFGL

fpms

sfs

MFG

SFGM

sprs

cgs-a slf I

MNI Position y = -2.25 mm AHB Position y = 2.07 mm Gyri Sulci

PrG slf II

ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

CG

ac anterior commissure arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cfx column of fornix (pars tecta) cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column) fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule ifo inferior fronto-occipital fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria st stria terminalis unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

iprs

racc cgb

PrG cals lls

mls

sfo

bcc

slf III

scr

p

O

G IF PrG

arc ic

fxl

cis

st

ascs fx

st lf

FOp

eml lml Ins atr

ec

ex

mml

cfx

ceis PPo-l ac unc

mfb

ifo

STG

vaf

sls

sts

pcis opt

sas

ACo

PPo

PirT cis

PHA

Un AG

ilf

MTG mlf

uns

Ent

PRC

its

rhs ITG FuG

204

lots

Fiber stain Section Nr. 35 Slice Nr. 2567

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8 BA 6

35 MNI: -2.25 ICL: 2.07 MCP: -12.67

fpms

sfs

7

BA 6

6 cgs-a

sprs BA 6 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 24

iprs

4

BA 23 BA 6

3 SGl CdL

BA 44 iprs

CdM

LV

BA 4

2 BA 6 DCl

LSD MS sv SFO

CdV

tsv st

SCGP ic

LSI

cis

lml

1

BA 43

Pu

st

lf

fx SGl PRt

PaFo

EGP

BA42

BSTLJ BSTP BSTC 3V DoH MPO PaPC LH PaD AH PaMC SCh 3V

BA 22

Ins

0

mml VCl LH

BSTV VGP EA

mfb

BD Tu SO

opt

sox

CoCl

ac

PAM

SSTI

unc

BC

BA 22

DiCl

PirF

sts

CxA

ACo PAC sas GSL

InfS

FPu

LiCl LiCl

PirT BM

cis

PACl

AG BLVM

-1

TCl

BL

Eo

-2 La

unn ER

BA 21

-3 PRC35 ELR its rhs

BA 20

-4

PRC36 lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus AH anterior hypothalamic area BC basal n., compact p. BD basal n., diffuse p. BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central div. BSTLJ bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular p. BSTP bed n. of the stria terminalis, posterior div. BSTV bed n. of the stria terminalis, ventral div. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum CxA cortico-amygdaloid transition area DCl dorsal claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DoH dorsal hypothalamic n. EA extended amygdala EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield Eo entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield fpms frontal paramidline sulcus FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (column) GSL gyrus semilunaris ic internal capsule InfS infundibular stalk iprs inferior precentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus La lateral amygdaloid n. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of the glob. pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LV lateral ventricle mfb medial forbrain bundle mml medial medullary lamina of the glob.pallidus MPO medial preoptic n. MS medial septal n. opt optic tract PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaD paraventricular n., dorsal p. PaFo paraventricular n., fornical p. PAM periamygdaloid cortex PaMC paraventricular n., magnocellular p. PaPC paraventricular n., parvicellular p. PirF piriform cortex, frontal p. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SCh suprachiasmatic n. SFO subfornical organ sfs superior frontal sulcus SO supraoptic n. sox supraoptic commissure sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum tsv thalamostriate vein Tu olfactory tubercle unc uncinate fc unn uncal notch VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus palidus

205

BA 6

BA 6

BA 6

MNI Position y = -2.11 mm AHB Position y = 2.01 mm

BA 24

stripe 2

Gyral Pattern

BA 6 BA 23

stripe 1

BA 44 BA 4 BA 6

ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PirF piriform cortex, temporal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior)

BA 43 BA42

BA43 area subcentralis BA44 area opercularis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 22

PirT PAC AG Eo

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest ER BA 21 PRC35 ELR

PRC36

206

BA 20

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 35 Slice Nr. 2565

B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 a33‘ anterior subregion of BA33 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24

FA(B) Area praecentralis in limine areae frontalis agranularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate V (5)

stripe 1

IFGOp BA44 FC

PrG BA6 FB

IFGOp BA44 FC

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA23 la2 von Economo a33‘ Regions of Interest

stripe 2

CG BA24 la a24‘

p24‘

SFGM

SFGL

p24c‘

continuation

MFG

PrG

MFG

PrG

FOp

BA6

BA4

FB

stripe 2

PPo

MFG BA6 FB

Ins

PPo

BA43

FA

FB

FC

IA1

IA2

IAB

IB

IBT

TA

continuation

PPo-l BA22

STG BA42 TA

MTG BA22

ITG BA21

TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

PRC36 TG

PRC PRC35

Ent

AG Hi

Pir

207

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs SFGL

fpms

SFGM

sfs

MFG PCL cgs-p sprs slf I

MNI Position y = -2.73 mm AHB Position y = 2.63 mm Gyri

ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus iprs inferior precentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

CG

ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis ap ansa peduncularis arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column) fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

PrG

slf II

iprs racc cgb

PrG cals

lls sfo

bcc

mls

slf III

scr

PrG

p O G

IF

fxl

arc

fx ic

str

FOp

cis

st

ascs ic

lf

eml

lml Ins

fx

st

ec

atr

ex

mml ceis al

PPo-l ac

ap mfb

STG

unc sls sas

opt

vaf

sts

pcis MTG

ACo cis PHA PPo

Un

unc ilf

AG

mlf

uns ilf Ent

PRC MTG

its

rhs ITG FuG

208

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 36 Slice Nr. 2588

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8 BA 6

36 MNI: -2.73 ICL: 2.63 MCP: -12.11

sfs

7

BA 6

6 sprs

cgs-p

BA 6 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 24

iprs

4

BA 23 BA 6

3 CSP

CdL BA 43

LV MS

CdM

LSD

aic

DCl

2 BA 6

cis

sv fx

BA 4

tsv SCGP

LSI CdV IVF

SFO

SGl PaD

lf lml

BSTC BSTLJ

fx

BA42

EGP

CoCl

mml

BSTP PaPC PaD

IGP

SSTI ac

PaMC

Pe

BA 22

0

DH LH

AH

1

BA 43

Pu

PRt

mfb

sox

ap

BSTCV BD

FPu VCl

BC vaf

DiCl

BA 22

AI

-1

VMHDM

SODL GSL PAC AAA ACoD LiCl PirT sas PACl ACoV BM PHA

opt

VMHVL

SOVM Arc

sts

TCl

cis

PACl

BLVM

-2

BL La

EMI unn

ER BA 21

-3

PRC35 ELR its rhs

-4 PRC36

BA 20

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

AAA anterior amygdaloid area ac anterior commissure ACoD anterior cortical amygdaloid n., dorsal p. ACoV anterior cortical amygdaloid n., ventral p. AH anterior hypothalamic area AI amygdaloid island aic anterior lim of the internal capsule ap ansa peduncularis Arc arcuate n. BC basal n., compact part BD basal n., diffuse part BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. BSTC bed n. of the stria terminalis, central div. BSTCV ventral extension of BSTC BSTLJ bed n. of the stria terminalis, lateral div. BSTP bed n. of the stria terminalis, posterior div. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. CdV ventral caudate n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum CSP cavity of septum pellucidum DCl dorsal claustrum DH dorsal hypothalamic area DiCl diffuse insular claustrum EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, medial im. subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (colum) GSL gyrus semilunaris IGP internal globus pallidus iprs inferior precentral sulcus IVF interventricular foramen La lateral amygdaloid n. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of the glob. pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LV lateral ventricle mfb medial forbrain bundle mml medial medullary lamina of the glob.pallidus MS medial septal n. opt optic tract PAC periamygdaloid cortex PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaD paraventricular n., dorsal p. PaMC paraventricular n., magnocellular p. PaPC paraventricular n., parvicellular p. Pe periventricular n. PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition a. PirT piriform cortex, temporal p. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SFO subfornical organ sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa SODL supraoptic n., dorsolat. p. SOVM supraoptic n., ventromed. p. sox supraoptic commissure sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum tsv thalamostriate vein unn uncal notch vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway VCl ventral claustrum VMHDM ventromedial hypothalamic n., dorso medial p. VMHVL ventromedial hypothalamic n., ventro lateral p.

209

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs fpms

SFGL

SFGM

sfs

MFG PCL

sprs

cgs-p slf I

Gyri Sulci

CG

ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PHG parahippocampal gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-t collateral sulcus, temporal ramus fpms frontal paramidline sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

MNI Position y = -4.17 mm AHB Position y = 4.00 mm

ac anterior commissure ap ansa peduncularis arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column) fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sls sublenticular stria sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

slf II racc

cgb

PrG

cals lls sfo

mls

scr

bcc

slf III PrG fxl

arc

PrG

fx ic

str

st

FOp cis

ascs lf lml ec

sm

st

ex

TTG1

Ins

mml

atr

ceis fx PPo-l ac

ap mfb

STG sts

pcis sas ACo

cis

PPo

opt

unc

vaf

sls

MTG

PHA Un

unc

AG

mlf ilf uns PRC

Ent

MTG

its rhs

ITG PHG

cos-t

210

FuG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 37 Slice Nr. 2639

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8

37 MNI: -4.17 ICL: 4.00 MCP: -10.74

BA 4

BA 6 sfs

7 BA 6

BA 6

6 sprs

cgs-p

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 6

BA 24

4

BA 23 SGl SCS

IGr

3

BA 6 CdL LV MS

BA 6

LSI fx

BA 4

LSD

2

CdM DCl

sv

cis

tsv

BA 1

IVF SFO BA 43

PRt

st sm

Pu

PaPo mml

3V

ithp

EGP

al

PaPC PaMC

ac

mfb

BD

PeF AH sox

SOVM

FPu

VCl

vaf

ap

DiCl

AI PACl

LH opt

Arc

0

IGP

PaD

VMHDM VMHVL Pe

BA42

lml CoCl

fx

DMH

1

lf

SODL MeA ACoD GSL sas ACoV BM

-1

BA 22

sts

LiCl TCl

Ce

cis AG

PHA ASt LaDL

BL

BLVM

-2

EMI La unn

BA 21

ER

SEpS

-3

PRC35

ELR its rhs

-4

BA 20 PRC36 lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure ACoD anterior cortical amygdaloid n., dorsal p. ACoV anterior cortical amygdaloid n., ventral p. AG ambiens gyrus AH anterior hypothalamic area AI amygdaloid island al ansa lenticularis ap ansa peduncularis Arc arcuate n. ASt amygdalostriatal transition area BD basal n., diffuse part BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. Ce central amygdaloid n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. cis circular insular sulcus CoCl compact insular claustrum DCl dorsal claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DMH dorsomed. hypothalamic n. EGP external globus pallidus ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, medial im.subfield ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield FPu fundus region of putamen fx fornix (column and body) GSL gyrus semilunaris IGP internal globus pallidus IGr indusium griseum ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus IVF interventricular foramen La lateral amygdaloid n. LaDL lateral amygdaloid n., dorsolateral p. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LV lateral ventricle MeA medial amygdaloid n., ant. p. mfb medial forbrain bundle mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus MS medial septal n. opt optic tract PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaD paraventricular n., dorsal p. PaMC paraventricular n., magnocellular p. PaPC paraventricular n., parvicellular p. PaPo paraventricular hypothalamic n., post. p. Pe periventricular n. PeF perifornical n. PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transit. area PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone Pu putamen rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus SCS subcallosal stratum SEpS subependymal stratum SFO subfornical organ sfs superior frontal sulcus SGl substantia gliosa sm stria medullaris of thalamus SODL supraoptic n., dorsolat. p. SOVM supraoptic n., ventromed. p. sox supraoptic commissure sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus sv septal vein TCl temporal claustrum tsv thalamostriate vein unn uncal notch vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway VCl ventral claustrum VMHDM ventromedial hypoth. n., dorsomedial p. VMHVL ventromedial hypoth. n., ventrolateral p.

211

BA 4

BA 6

BA 6

BA 6

MNI Position y = -4.16 mm AHB Position y = 3.97 mm Gyral Pattern

stripe 1

BA 24 BA 6 BA 23

BA 6

BA 4

BA 6

ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PAC periamygdaloid cortex PHG parahippocampal gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas

BA 1

BA 43 BA42

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LA2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PC intermediate postcentral area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

BA 22 PirT

PAC AG

EMI

Regions of Interest ER

B. Vogt: a24‘ anterior division of BA24 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

PRC35

BA 21 ELR

PRC36 BA 20

212

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 37 Slice Nr. 2638

IA2(B) Area praecentralis ventralis insulae (in limine insulae posterior). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LV (55)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA23 la2 von Economo Reg. of Interest p33‘

stripe 1

CG

BA6 la a24‘ p24‘

p24‘

SFGL

SFGM

PCL

BA24

MFG

BA4 FB

FA

p24c‘

continuation

PrG

FOp

BA6 FA

stripe 1

PrG

BA6

BA4

FB

FA

BA1 PA

PC

Ins

PPo

PPo-l

STG

BA43 FA

FB

FC

IA1

IA2

IAB

IB

IBT

TA

continuation

STG BA42

MTG

ITG BA22

TA

FuG BA21

TE1

PRC BA20

TE2

PHG PRC36

TG

Ent PRC35

AG Hi

TG

213

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pacs

SFGM

SFGL

sfs

MFG PCL

sprs

cgs-p slf I

Gyri

MNI Position y = -5.66 mm AHB Position y = 5.58 mm CG slf II racc

cgb

PrG

cals lls mls

sfo scr

bcc

slf III ce arc

fxl

st

Sulci

fx

acs acusticus sulcus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-t collateral sulcus, temporal ramus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression)

Fibers

PrG

ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis arc arcuate fascicle atr anterior thalamic radiation bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column) fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule icml incomplete medullary lamina of the globus pallidus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

FOp cis

str ic

ascs

sm

lml ec

ex

TTG1

Ins ceis

mml

atr

PPo-l

ithp

acs al

fx

lf

COp-a

st

icml

ac

mfb

unc

vaf

STG

pcis

sts

opt sas

unc

MTG

PPo

cis

ACo PHA ilf

Un

mlf

AG ilf uns PRC

MTG

Ent

its rhs

ITG

PHG cos-t FuG

214

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 38 Slice Nr. 2698

ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid n. AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PHG parahippocampal gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas pacs

8

BA 4

38 MNI: -5.66 ICL: 5.58 MCP: -9.16

BA 6

sfs

7

BA 6 sprs

BA 6

6

cgs-p BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 24

4 BA 6 BA 23 IGr

ce

CdM LSD

MS

3

BA 6

CdL

BA 4

2

fx

LSI DCl

tsv

st

BA 1

st sm BA 43

1

Rt

PRt

lf Pu

PT PV

BA42 mml Fa

EGP

CoCl

ZI IGP DH PaPo

Pe VMHDM VMHVL

TM

Arc

VCl

IPAC BC

al

LH PeF

PaO

ac

DiCl

SODL

sox

GSL ACoV BM sas

PHA

BLPL

AG

BA 22

LiCl

ACoD MeA Ce

SOVM

acs

lml

icml

fx

DMH

0

ithp

BLVM

PACl

-1 sts

LaDL BLD BLI

LaDM

ASt

-2

BLVL

EMI

LaDA

LaI

SEpS unn EI

SEpS

-3

PRC35 BA 21 ELR its

-4

rhs BA 20 PRC36 lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

ac anterior commissure ACoD anterior cortical amygdaloid n., dorsal p. ACoV anterior cortical amygdaloid n., ventral p. acs sulcus acusticus AG ambiens gyrus al ansa lenticularis Arc arcuate n. ASt amygdalostriatal transition area BC basal n., compact part BLD basolateral amygdaloid n., dorsal p. BLI basolateral amygdaloid n., intermediate p. BLPL basolateral amygdaloid n., paralaminar p. BLVL basolateral amygdaloid n., ventrolateral p. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. CdL lateral caudate n. CdM medial caudate n. ce central sulcus Ce central amygdaloid n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. CoCl compact insular claustrum DCl dorsal claustrum DH dorsal hypothalamic area DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DMH dorsomed. hypothalamic n. EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, medial interm. subfield Fa fasciculosus n. fx fornix (column) GSL gyrus semilunaris icml incomplete medullary lamina of gl.pallidus IGP internal globus pallidus IGr indusium griseum IPAC interstitial n. of the posterior limb of the ant. commissure ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus LaDA lateral amygdaloid n., dorsal anterior p. LaDL lateral amygdaloid n., dorsolateral p. LaDM lateral amygdaloid n., dorsomedial p. LaI lateral amygdaloid n., intermediate p. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. MeA medial amygdaloid n., ant. p. mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus MS medial septal n. PACl preamygdalar claustrum pacs paracentral sulcus PaO paraoptic n. PaPo paraventricular hypothalamic n., post. p. Pe periventricular n. PeF perifornical n. PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid trans. area PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. sas semiannular sulcus SEpS subependymal stratum sfs superior frontal sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus SODL supraoptic n., dorsolat. p. SOVM supraoptic n., ventromed. p. sox supraoptic commissure sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TM tuberomammillary n. tsv thalamostriate vein unn uncal notch VCl ventral claustrum VMHDM ventromedial hypoth. n., dorsomedial p. VMHVL ventromedial hypoth. n., ventrolateral p. ZI zona incerta

7

215

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL

SFGM

pacs

sfs SFGL

sprs MFG

PCL cgs-p slf I

Gyri

acs acusticus sulcus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-t collateral sulcus, temporal ramus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus uns uncal sulcus (impression) 3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus ap ansa peduncularis arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column and body) fxl fornix longus ic internal capsule icml incomplete medullary lamina of glob. pallidus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ithp inferior thalamic peduncle liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria tp tapetum unc uncinate fascicle vaf ventral amygdalofugal pathway

PrG

slf II cgb

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PHG parahippocampal gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

CG

Fibers

MNI Position y = -7.04 mm AHB Position y = 6.68 mm

racc PrG

cals lls

mls

sfo bcc

scr

slf III ce

fxl arc fx

FOp str

st

cis

eml

PrG

sm

ascs lf lml ec

ic

ex

COp-a

Ins

TTG1 ceis

mml acs

ithp icml

liml mfb

al

PPo-l vaf

ap

ac

fx

pcis

unc opt

STG sts

cis sas

o

PHA

MTG

PP

unc slic

Un HiH

AG

mlf tp

alv

ilf

3n uns

MTG

PRC Ent

its rhs

ITG

PHG cos-t

216

FuG

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 39 Slice Nr. 2739

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

BA 4

39 MNI: -7.04 ICL: 6.68 MCP: -8.06

pacs

7 sfs BA 4 sprs

6 BA 6

BA 6 BA 4

cgs-p

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 24 BA 6

4 BA 4 BA 23 IGr

3 LSD MS LSI

ce

CdM

BA 4

tsc

tfx

DCl fx

2

SCGP tsv AV

AD SFO

BA 1 eml

sm

PT tt

VA

BA 43

1

lf

Pu Rt PV

BA41 EGP

PRt

Fa ithp

ZI

0

IGP

PaPo

CoCl

icml LH

DMH DMHC

liml mfb

fx

VCl

BC al

ac

ap

LH

Pe PeF

VMHDM VMHVL

BA42

LTu

opt

MeA

TM

AG

sts

PuV

BL

sas

ME

Ce

-1

BA 22

LiCl

PCo

Arc

DiCl

SSTI

BM PHA

BL BLVM

LaDL

ASt

-2

LaDA EMI

HiH BA 21

TLV

3n irs EI

PRC35

-3

ELC its rhs

PRC36

-4

BA 20

lots

cos-t

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure AD anterodorsal thalamic n. AG ambiens gyrus al ansa lenticularis ap ansa peduncularis Arc arcuate n. ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. CdM medial caudate n. ce central sulcus Ce central amygdaloid n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. CoCl compact insular claustrum cos-t collateral sulcus, temporal ramus DCl dorsal claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DMH dorsomed. hypothalamic n. DMHC dorsomedial hypothalamic n., compact p. EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, medial intermed. subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus Fa fasciculosus n. fx fornix (column) HiH hippocampal head icml incomplete medullary lamina of gl. pallidus IGP internal globus pallidus IGr indusium griseum irs intrarhinal sulcus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus LaDA lateral amygdaloid n., dorsal anterior p. LaDL lateral amygdaloid n., dorsolateral p. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LTu lateral tuberal n. ME median eminence MeA medial amygdaloid n., ant. p. mfb medial forbrain bundle MS medial septal n. opt optic tract pacs paracentral sulcus PaPo paraventricular hypothalamic n., post. p. PCo post. cortical amygdaloid n. Pe periventricular n. PeF perifornical n. PHA parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition a. PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. sas semiannular sulcus SCGP supracapsular p. of globus pallidus SFO subfornical organ sfs superior frontal sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus sprs superior precentral sulcus SSTI substriatal terminal island sts superior temporal sulcus tfx tenia of fornix TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TM tuberomammillary n. tsc tenia semicircularis tsv thalamostriate vein tt tenia of thalamus VA ventroanterior n. (ventral anterior n.) VCl ventral claustrum VMHDM ventromedial hypoth. n., dorsomedial p. VMHVL ventromedial hypoth. n., ventrolateral p. ZI zona incerta

217

BA 4

BA 4

BA 6 BA 6

BA 4

MNI Position y = -7.03 mm AHB Position y = 6.70 mm BA 24

Gyral Pattern AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PAC periamygdaloid cortex PHG parahippocampal gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

stripe 1

BA 6

BA 4

BA 23

BA 4

Brodmann Areas BA 1 BA 43 BA41 BA42

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas BA 22

PAC

EMI

BA 21

Regions of Interest

PRC35

B. Vogt: p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

El ELC

PRC36 BA 20

218

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA1 dorsal precentral insular area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance La precingulate agranular anterior limbic area La2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PC intermediate postcentral area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 39 Slice Nr. 2740

FB Area frontalis agranularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate VI (6)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA23 La2 von Economo Regions of Interest p33‘

stripe 1

CG BA24

SFGL

MFG

BA4

BA6 FB

La p24‘

p24c‘

PrG BA6

BA4

FB

BA6

COp-a BA4

BA1

FA

PA

FOp

Ins

PPo

PPo-l BA41

BA43 PC

FB

FC

IA1

IA2

IAB

IB

IBT

TTG1 STG BA42 BA22

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

SFGM

continuation

MFG

stripe 1

PCL BA6

ITG

FuG BA20

BA21 TE1

TE2

TG

PHG

PRC PRC36 PRC35

Ent

AG Hi

TG

219

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

PCL

pacs

SFGL sfs

SFGM

sprs

PCL cgs-p MFG

slf I

MNI Position y = -8.36 mm AHB Position y = 7.99 mm Gyri Sulci

3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column and body) h2 lenticular fascicle ic internal capsule icml incomplete medullary lamina of the globus pallidus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lenf lenticular fasciculus liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus opt optic tract palhy pallidohypothalamic fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus sox supraoptic commissure st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria tp tapetum unc uncinate fascicle

racc

cals

ce

lls

mls

acus sulcus acusticus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus du diverticulum unci its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus unn uncal notch

PrG

slf II cgb

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Fibers

CG

sfo

bcc

slf III

scr

arc

PoG

FOp

fx

cis

st str sm

iml

eml

PrG

ascs

ic COp-a

TTG1

lml ec

h2

liml

acus

Ins

icml

al

palhy

l o-

sox

ac

pcis

unc

mfb

PP

STG

opt

sts

cis

fx

ceis

mml

lenf

ithp

ex

lf

PPo

sas slic

MTG

unc Un

tp

mlf

AG 3n

HiH

ilf

alv

unn du

PRC MTG

Ent its rhs PHG

cos-ph

220

ITG FuG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 40 Slice Nr. 2788

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

40 MNI: -8.36 ICL: 7.99 MCP: -6.75

pacs BA 4

7

sfs

BA 6 sprs

6 BA 4 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 24

5

BA 6

BA 6

4

BA 23 ce BA 4

3

LSD

BA 1

Cd fx

LSI BA 3

2

st AD

AV

sm

eml

iml

AM PT

BA 1

BA 43

DCl

1

Pu

VA

lf

BA41

PV Rt

BA42

EGP

Fa

acus

PRt ZI

ithp

IGP palhy

PaPo PH LH DMH PeF VMHDM VMHVL SuM

liml

h2 mfb

0 CoCl

icml

LH

VGP BC AI CeM

al

PalHy sox

fx

VCl

CeL

LTu

DiCl

unc ac

BA 22

LiCl

TM LM MM

sas GSL

BMDM

PCo

BLD ASt

BMVM

BLVM BLPL

AG

-1 sts

PuV

BLI LaI

LaDA

-2

LaV S

EMI

alv

BA 21

TLV du

PRC35

EI

-3

ELC

rhs

PRC36

-4

BA 20

cos-ph

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ac anterior commissure acus sulcus acusticus AD anterodorsal thalamic n. AG ambiens gyrus AI amygdaloid island al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus AM anteromedial thalamic n. ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part BLD basolateral amygd. n., dorsal (magnoc.) p. BLI basolateral amygdaloid n., intermediate p. BLPL basolateral amygdaloid n., paralaminar p. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromedi. p. BMDM basomedial amygdaloid n., dorsomed. p. BMVM basomedial amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CeL central amygdaloid n, lat. p. CeM central amygdaloid n, med. p. CoCl compact insular claustrum cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. DCl dorsal claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum DMH dorsomed. hypothalamic n. du diverticulum unci EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, medial intermed. subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus Fa fasciculosus n. fx fornix (column) GSL gyrus semilunaris h2 lenticular fascicle icml incomplete medullary lamina of gl. pallidus IGP internal globus pallidus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle LaDA lateral amygdaloid n., dorsal anterior p. LaI lateral amygdaloid n., intermediate p. LaV lateral amygdaloid n., ventral p. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus LM lateral mammillary n. LSD lateral septal n., dorsal p. LSI lateral septal n., intermediate p. LTu lateral tuberal n. mfb medial forbrain bundle MM medial mammillary n., med. p. pacs paracentral sulcus PalHy pallidohypothalamic n. palhy pallidohypothalamic fibers PaPo paraventricular hypoth. n., posterior p. PCo post. cortical amygdaloid n. PeF perifornical n. PH posterior hypothalamic area PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRt prereticular zone PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus sox supraoptic commissure sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus SuM supramammillary n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TM tuberomammillary n. unc uncinate fc VA ventroanterior n. (ventral anterior n.) VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus pallidus VMHDM ventromedial hypoth. n., dorsomedial p. VMHVL ventromedial hypoth. n., ventrolateral p. ZI zona incerta

221

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

PCL SFGL sprs

pacs SF

maprs

GM

PrG

PCL cgs-p

sprs slf I

MNI Position y = -9.66 mm AHB Position y = 9.22 mm

CG

Gyri

MFG

slf II racc

cgb

ce

PrG cals sfo scr

slf III

PrG

FOp cis

arc fx

PoG

ic st str

acus sulcus acusticus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus maprs marginal precentral sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus unn uncal notch 3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fx fornix (column and body) gic genu of internal capsule h2 lenticular fascicle ic internal capsule icml incomplete medullary lamina of glob. pallidus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lenf lenticular fasciculus liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus mp mammillary peduncle opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria tp tapetum unc uncinate fascicle

PrG

gic sm

ascs

eml

iml

Sulci

bcc

Fibers

lls

mls

COp-a lf

TTG1

ceis lml ec

acus

ex

Ins

ithp lenf h2

mml

liml icml al

l

o-

mfb comb

pcis

ac

STG

PCI

sts

cis

opt

PP

sas

PP

o

mp unc st

slic mlf

Un

tp alv

3n

ilf

MTG

HiH unn cgh

Ent PRC

PHG its

rhs

ITG cos-ph

222

FuG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 41 Slice Nr. 2834

CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

41 MNI: -9.66 ICL: 9.22 MCP: -5.52

BA 4

sfs

7

pacs BA 6 BA 4 BA 4

6 BA 6

sprs

cgs-p BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 24

5

BA 6

4 BA 6 ce

BA 23 BA 4 IGr

3 BA 1 BA 3

Cd bfx tsv

2 Rt

AD

AV

BA 43

sm

eml

DCl

AM PT CeMe

BA 1

lml

iml

1

VAL VA

PV

BA41

lf

BA42

IThA

Pu

Re

EGP

Fa

mml ZI lenf

h2

PH

CoCl

0

IGP icml

LH PalHy fx

SuM pm

ML MM

VGP

al

mfb

EP

BC

CeM

DiCl

BA 22

ac

CeL

TM

sts

-1

LiCl

LM

sas PAC

AG

PCo

PuV PedL

BM BLD ASt

BLVM BLPL

BLI La

BLVL

st

-2

S 3n

EMI

CA1

unn

TLV

BA 21

S PRC35

-3

EI ELC its rhs

PRC36

-4

BA 20

cos-ph

lots

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure AD anterodorsal thalamic n. AG ambiens gyrus al ansa lenticularis AM anteromedial thalamic n. ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix BLD basolateral amygdaloid n., dorsal p. BLI basolateral amygdaloid n., intermediate p. BLPL basolateral amygdaloid n., paralaminar p. BLVL basolateral amygdaloid n., ventrolateral p. BLVM basolateral amygdaloid n., ventromed. p. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CeL central amygdaloid n, lat. p. CeM central amygdaloid n, med. p. CeMe central medial thalamic n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. CoCl compact insular claustrum cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. DCl dorsal claustrum DiCl diffuse insular claustrum EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, medial intermed. subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus EP entopeduncular n. Fa fasciculosus n. fx fornix h2 lenticular fascicle icml incomplete medullary lamina of gl. pallidus IGP internal globus pallidus IGr indusium griseum iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IThA interthalamic adhesion its inferior temporal sulcus La lateral amygdaloid n. lenf lenticular fasciculus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum LM lateral mammillary n. lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus mfb medial forbrain bundle ML medial mammillary n., lat. p. MM medial mammillary n., med. p. mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus PAC periamygdaloid cortex pacs paracentral sulcus PalHy pallidohypothalamic n. PCo post. cortical amygdaloid n. PedL peduncle of lentiform n. PH posterior hypothalamic area pm principal mammillary fasciculus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum sas semiannular sulcus sfs superior frontal sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus SuM supramammillary n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TM tuberomammillary n. tsv thalamostriate vein unn uncal notch VA ventroanterior n. (ventral anterior n.) VAL lateral ventroanterior n. (pallidal afferents) VGP ventral pallidum ZI zona incerta

223

BA 4

BA 6 BA 4 BA 4

BA 6

BA 24

MNI Position y = -9.60 mm AHB Position y = 9.14 mm BA 6

stripe 1

Gyral Pattern

BA 6 BA 23 BA 4 BA 1

BA 3

CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PPo planum polare PPo-l planum polare, lat. part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part SLG semilunar gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas

BA 43 BA 1

BA41 BA42

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

BA 22 PAC

EMI

PrS

S CA1 BA 21

S PRC35 El

ELC

von Economo and Koskinas FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area FC intermediate frontal area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance La precingulate agranular anterior limbic area La2 anterior cingulate agranular anterior limbic area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

PRC36 BA 20

224

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 41 Slice Nr. 2831

PB1 Area postcentralis oralis granulosa von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LIX (59)

stripe 1

CG Gyral pattern BA24 Brodmann areas BA23 von Economo LC2-3 La2 La p24‘ Regions of Interest p33‘

stripe 1

SFGM

PCL

SFGL BA4

BA4 BA6 FB

PrG

SFGL

MFG

PrG BA4 FA

BA6 FA

FB

p24c‘

continuation

PrG BA4

BA6 FA

stripe 1

PCL BA6

BA4

BA3 PA

PoG

PrG

BA1

BA43

PB

PC

COp-a

FOp

Ins

PPo

PPo-l

TTG1 BA41

FB

FC

IA2

IAB

IB

IBT

STG

BA42 BA22

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG

FuG BA20

BA21 TE1

TE2

TG

PHG

PRC PRC36 PRC35

Ent

AG Hi

TG

225

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL maprs sprs

PCL

pacs

PrG SFGL

PrG PCL cgs-p

slf I

MNI Position y = -10.95 mm AHB Position y = 10.56 mm Gyri cgb

Sulci

slf II

CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PPo planum polare SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SLG semilunar gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus acus sulcus acusticus ascs anterior subcentral sulcus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus maprs marginal precentral sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus unn uncal notch

Fibers

CG

3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule gic genu of internal capsule h2 lenticular fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lenf lenticular fasciculus liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus lls lateral longitudinal stria mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mp mammillary peduncle mtg mammillotegmental tract opt optic tract racc radiation of corpus callosum scr superior corona radiata sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria tp tapetum unc uncinate fascicle

ce

racc PrG

cals lls

mls

sfo PoG

slf III

bcc scr bfx

cis

arc st str gic

PrG

sm

ascs eml

COp-a ceis

lf

TTG1

iml

acus ec

Ins

ex

ithp lenf

h2

STG

liml

mtg

al pcis

mfb

comb unc

PCI

SLG

cis

ac

sas

PP

mp

sts

o

opt cp

unc

st slic

mlf alv Un

HiH

3n

tp

Pr

MTG

ilf

S

unn cgh

its

Ent PRC rhs

cos-ph

226

ITG

PHG

FuG

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 42 Slice Nr. 2884

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

42 MNI: -10.95 ICL: 10.56 MCP: -4.18

BA 4 maprs sprs

7

6

BA 4 BA 6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 24

5

BA 6 ce

BA 1

4 BA 4

BA 23

3

BA 3 BA 3 Cd BA 1

bfx

SB tsv st

eml

AV

PT

sm tt

AM

mt VAM

AD PV

BA 2

VAL

VAMC

Pu

EGP

VAM

lf

CoCl

mml

Re

h2 PH

BA42

lenf

ZI

prf

1 BA41

Rt

Fa

SuM

2

BA 43

lml

iml

IThA

BA 1

liml cp al

LH PalHy comb mfb

VGP

EP

VCl

BC

unc Me CeM -DM CeL ASt PuV -CM -DL BM- BLD PCo PedL La HATA AHi -VM BLI st BLVL BLPL dPrS S

ML MM

0

IGP

TM LM

PrS

DiCl BA 22

LiCl

-1

ac

-2 BA 21

du CA1 S EI

PRC35

-3

ELC

rhs

PRC36

-4 BA 20

cos-ph

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ac anterior commissure AD anterodorsal thalamic n. AHi amygdalohippocampal area ASt amygdalostriatal transition area al ansa lenticularis AM anteromedial thalamic n. AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix BLD basolateral amygdaloid n., dorsal p. BLI basolateral amygdaloid n., intermediate p. BLPL basolateral amygdaloid n., paralaminar p. BLVL basolateral amygdaloid n., ventrolateral p. BMCM basomedial amygd. n., centromedial p. BMDL basomedial amygd. n., dorsolateral p. BMDM basomedial amygd. n., dorsomedial p. BMVM basomedial amygd. n., ventromedial p. CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CeL central amygdaloid n, lat. p. CeM central amygdaloid n, med. p. CoCl compact insular claustrum comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle DiCl diffuse insular claustrum dPrS dorsal presubiculum du diverticulum unci EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus EP entopeduncular n. Fa fasciculosus n. h2 lenticular fascicle HATA hippocampo amygdaloid transitional area IGP internal globus pallidus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IThA interthalamic adhesion ithp inferior thalamic peduncle La lateral amygdaloid n. lenf lenticular fasciculus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum liml limiting medullary lamina of globus pallidus LM lateral mammillary n. lml lateral medullary lamina of . globus pallidus maprs marginal precentral sulcus Me medial amygdaloid n. mfb medial forbrain bundle ML medial mammillary n., lat. p. MM medial mammillary n., med. p. mml medial medullary lamina of . globus pallidus mt mammillothalamic tract PalHy pallidohypothalamic n. PCo post. cortical amygdaloid n. PedL peduncle of lentiform n. PH posterior hypothalamic area PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 prf principal fc PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SB striatal cell bridge sm stria medullaris of thalamus sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis SuM supramammillary n. TM tuberomammillary n. tsv thalamostriate vein tt tenia of thalamus unc uncinate fc VAL lateral ventroanterior n. (pallidal afferents) VAM medial ventroanterior n. (nigral afferents) VAMC magnocellular ventroanterior n. VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus pallidus ZI zona incerta

227

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci maprs SFGL sprs

pacs PCL

PrG

SFGL

slf I

cgs-p

PrG

MNI Position y = -12.67 mm AHB Position y = 12.09 mm Gyri

CG slf II

ce PoG

cgb

racc PrG

cals lls

mls

sfo slf III

bcc

bfx

arc st str

COp-a sm

SMG

pscs

Sulci

cis COp-p

ceis

eml pic

TTG1

iml

lf

sH

mt Ins ec

ithp

prf

lenf

h2

pcis

al

comb

STG

mfb

PCI cis opt

mp

st

slic

unc mlf

alv 3n

P

ac

AG Un

sts

SLG sas

cp

Po

HiH

MTG

tp

hf ilf

PrS

unn

S cgh

its

Ent PRC ITG

rhs PHG

cos-ph

228

FuG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 43 Slice Nr. 2941

Fibers

mtg

PTe

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SLG semilunar gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, post. part cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure maprs marginal precentral sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus pscs posterior subcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus unn uncal notch 3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus h2 lenticular fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lenf lenticular fasciculus lls lateral longitudinal stria mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mp mammillary peduncle mt mammillothalamic tract mtg mammillotegmental tract opt optic tract pic posterior limb of the internal capsule prf principal fc racc radiation of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria tp tapetum unc uncinate fascicle

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

maprs

MNI: -12.67 ICL: 12.09 MCP: -2.65

BA 4 sprs

BA 4

43

pacs

7

6 BA 6 cgs-p BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 4 ce

5 BA 6 BA 24

4

BA 3 BA 1 BA 23 SCS

3 LV

Cd DCl

bfx st

tsv

BA 1

iml

gic

2

BA 43

AV

BA 2

sm Cuc

eml

PT

VA

PV

Pu

VAL

MD VAMC

iml CeMe

lf

BA41

lml Rt

mt

EGP

BA42

mml

Co

1

VA

ithp

0

Re ZI

PH

3V

IGP h2

comb

mtg

VGP

mfb prf LH SNR MM

VCl

al

cp

DiCl

BC opt Me CeM PuV CeL ASt PCo BM BL PedL st HATA AHi

sts

BA 22

LiCl

-1

GU S

CA1

hf

TCd

CA3 CA1

PrS unn

BA 21

TLV

DG

3n

-2

SEpS

S

EI

-3

PRC35 ELC its

rhs PRC36

BA 20

-4

cos-ph

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve 3V third ventricle AHi amygdalohippocampal area al ansa lenticularis ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact p. bfx body of fornix BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CeL central amygdaloid n, lat. p. CeM central amygdaloid n, med. p. CeMe central medial thalamic n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. Co commissural n. comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle Cuc cucullaris n. DCl dorsal claustrum DG dentate gyrus DiCl diffuse insular claustrum EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus gic genu of corpus callosum GU gyrus uncinate h2 lenticular fascicle HATA hippocampo amygdaloid transitional area hf hippocampal fissure IGP internal globus pallidus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus LV lateral ventricle maprs marginal precentral sulcus MD medial dorsal thalamic n. Me medial amygdaloid n. mfb medial forbrain bundle MM medial mammillary n., med. p. mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus mt mammillothalamic tract mtg mammillo-tegmental tract opt optic tract pacs paracentral sulcus PCo post. cortical amygdaloid n. PedL peduncle of lentiform n. PH posterior hypothalamic area PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 prf principal fc PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SCS subcallosal stratum SEpS subependymal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein unn uncal notch VA ventroanterior n. (ventral anterior n.) VAL lateral ventroanterior n. (pallidal afferents) VAMC magnocellular ventroanterior n. VCl ventral claustrum VL ventrolateral n. VP ventral pallidum ZI zona incerta

229

BA 4

BA 4

BA 6

BA 24

BA 4

BA 6

MNI Position y = -12.52 mm AHB Position y = 11.93 mm Gyral Pattern

stripe 1

BA 1 BA 3 BA 23

BA 1

BA 43

BA 2

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SLG semilunar gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas BA41

BA42

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior)

BA 22

PCo

von Economo and Koskinas

HATA GU

CA1 S

CA3 BA 21 DG CA1

PrS S

El

BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

PRC35 ELC

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest

PRC36

230

B. Vogt: p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

BA 20

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 43 Slice Nr. 2935

TD Area supratemporalis intercalata. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XCV (95)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

BA23 LC2-3 p33‘

continuation

CG BA24 LA

PCL

PrG

SFGL

BA4 FB

PrG BA4 FA

BA6 FA

FB

p24c‘

continuation

PrG

PoG

BA4

BA3

FA

stripe 1

SFGL

BA6

p24‘

stripe 1

CG BA23 LC2-3 p33‘

PA

BA1

PB

SMG

COp-p

BA2

BA43

PC

COp-a FB

Ins IA2

IAB

PPo IB

IBT

TTG1

PTe

BA41

BA42

TA

continuation

PTe BA42

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG BA21

TE1

TE2

FuG BA20 TG

PHG TF

TG

PRC PRC36 PRC35 H

Ent Hi TG

231

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci maprs SFGL

sprs PrG

pacs PrG PCL

SFGL PrG

slf I

cgs

ce

MNI Position y = -13.99 mm AHB Position y = 13.35 mm Gyri

CG

slf II PoG cgb

racc

cals sfo slf III

bcc

ipocs

bfx

arc st SMG

sm

cis

eml

COp-p

COp-a pscs

ceis

mt pic

iml

TTG1

Sulci

str

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus ceis central insular sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure maprs marginal precentral sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus pscs posterior subcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sas semiannular sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus unn uncal notch

Fibers

sz

3n oculomotor nerve ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lenf lenticular fasciculus mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mt mammillothalamic tract mtg mammillotegmental tract opt optic tract pic posterior limb of the internal capsule racc radiation of corpus callosum rmx retromammillary commissure sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria sz stratum zonale tp tapetum unc uncinate fascicle

lf

sH

Ins ithp

PTe mt

h1 lenf

mtg

h2 comb

pcis

al

mfb rmx

SLG

sts

unc

sas

slic

st

mlf

ac

AG Un

PPo

cis

opt cp

STG

PCI

HiH

alv

hf

tp ilf

3n

MTG

PrS S

unn

cgh

PRC

Ent

its rhs

ITG

PHG

cos-ph

232

FuG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 44 Slice Nr. 2988

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus HiH hippocampal head Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SLG semilunar gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas maprs

8

BA 4 sprs

BA 4

pacs

44 MNI: -13.99 ICL: 13.35 MCP: -1.39

7

6 BA 6 BA 4

cgs-p

ce

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 24

5

BA 1

4 BA 3 BA 23 SCS

3 LV

bfx

Cd

tsv

st

BA 1

2

BA 43 VLA

AD

BA 2

AV

sm Cuc

mt

PT

iml

MD

PV

eml

CeMe

VAM VAMC

VAL

EGP

VAb mt PH

3V

h1

rmx

lenf

ZI

mtg h2 H STh prf

al comb

BA 22 sts

DiCl

PuV

-1

BM BL PedL ASt st

Me HATA

TCd CA3

S

hf

LiCl

BC

CeM CeL

SNR cp

MM

0

IGP mml VGP

LH SNC

BA42

DCl

lml

ithp

Re

1

Pu

Rt

VAM

Co

lf

BA41

DG

CA1

BA 21

TLV

PrS

-2

CA1

irs

S

EI

ELC

rhs

-3 PRC35

its

PRC36

BA 20

-4

cos-ph

0

1 cm

-5 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3V third ventricle AD anterodorsal thalamic n. al ansa lenticularis ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix BL basolateral amygdaloid n. BM basomedial amygdaloid n. CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CeL central amygdaloid n, lat. p. CeM central amygdaloid n, med. p. CeMe central medial thalamic n. cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. Co commissural n. comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle Cuc cucullaris n. DCl dorsal claustrum DG dentate gyrus DiCl diffuse insular claustrum EGP external globus pallidus EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus H H-field of Forel h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle HATA hippocampo amygdaloid transitional area hf hippocampal fissure IGP internal globus pallidus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus irs intrarhinal sulcus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus lenf lenticular fasciculus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LH lateral hypothalamic area LiCl limitans claustrum lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus LV lateral ventricle maprs marginal precentral sulcus MD medial dorsal thalamic n. Me medial amygdaloid n. MM medial mammillary n., med. p. mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus mt mammillothalamic tract mtg mammillo-tegmental tract pacs paracentral sulcus PedL peduncle of lentiform n. PH posterior hypothalamic area PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 prf principal fc PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus rmx retromammillary commissure Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SCS subcallosal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein VAb basal ventroanterior n. VAL lateral ventroanterior n. (pallidal afferents) VAM medial ventroanterior n. (nigral afferents) VAMC magnocellular ventroanterior n. VLA anterior ventrolateral n. (medial oral div.) VGP ventral globus pallidus ZI zona incerta

233

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci maprs SFGL PrG

pacs

PCL

sprs

SFGL

slf I

ce PrG

cgs

MNI Position y = -15.51 mm AHB Position y = 14.74 mm

CG

cals

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure maprs marginal precentral sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus pscs posterior subcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sprs superior precentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

PoG

racc

sfo

lls

Gyri cgb

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

slf II

slf III

mls

ipocs

bcc

bfx

SMG

arc

st

str

sz

cis

pscs

eml

sm

COp-p

COp-a

lf

sH iml

Ins

ec

TTG1

ex

pic

PTe

ithp h1 lenf

h2

al

comb

cis

opt

rmx cp

slic

st

chf

hf

alv

PaS

mlf

tp

ilf

PrS

sts

ac

AG Un

STG

MTG

S cgh

PRC

Ent

its rhs

ITG

PHG cos-ph

234

FuG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 45 Slice Nr. 3040

Fibers

mfb

pcis PCI

PP o

mt

ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle lenf lenticular fasciculus lls lateral longitudinal stria mfb medial forbrain bundle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria mt mammillothalamic tract opt optic tract pic posterior limb of the internal capsule racc radiation of corpus callosum rmx retromammillary commissure sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria sz stratum zonale tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas maprs

8

BA 4

BA 4

pacs

45 MNI: -15.51 ICL: 14.74 MCP: 0.00

7

sprs

6 BA 6 cgs

ce

BA 4

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6 BA 1

BA 24

5

BA 31

4 BA 3 BA 23 cals

lls

mls

BA 1

cc

3 ipocs

Cd

LV tsv bfx

st BA 43

Cuc AD PT

AV

BA 2 VLA

sm MD

h1

mtg prf rmx

h2

SNR

BA41

1

BA42

lml VLPE EGP mml

ZI STh

al

SNR

opt

Un

cp

VGP BC PuV Me Ce st

CA3 DG

sts

PuLi TCd

ac

DG CA1

hf

BA 22

VCl

-1

ASt

vt

bG S

3n

0

IGP

comb

VTA SNC

lf Pu

VAb

ithp

3V

pic

VAL

VAMC

CeMe CeMe Re

eml

iml

MDMC

PV

2

SB

Rt

CA1

TLV

SEpS

-2

PrS

BA 21 S

Pons Ec

PRC35

-3 its

rhs

PRC36

BA 20

-4

cos-ph

0

1 cm

-5 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve 3V third ventricle ac anterior commissure AD anterodorsal thalamic n. al ansa lenticularis ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix bG band of Giacomini CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus Ce central amygdaloid n. CeMe central medial thalamic n. cgs cingulate sulcus comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle Cuc cucullaris n. DG dentate gyrus Ec entorhinal cortex, caudal subfield EGP external globus pallidus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle hf hippocampal fissure IGP internal globus pallidus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lls lateral longitudinal stria lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus LV lateral ventricle maprs marginal precentral sulcus MD medial dorsal thalamic n. MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocell. p. Me medial amygdaloid n. mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus mtg mammillo-tegmental tract opt optic tract pacs paracentral sulcus pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 prf principal fc PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuLi limitans putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus rmx retromammillary commissure Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SB striatal cell bridge SEpS subependymal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata sprs superior precentral sulcus st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein Un uncus VAb basal ventroanterior n. VAL lateral ventroanterior n. (pallidal afferents) VAMC magnocellular ventroanterior n. VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus pallidus VLA anterior ventrolateral n. (medial oral div.) VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. vt velum terminale VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

235

BA 4 BA 4

BA 6 BA 4 BA 6

BA 24

MNI Position y = -15.53 mm AHB Position y = 14.77 mm Gyral Pattern

stripe 1

BA 31

BA 1 BA 3

BA 23

BA 1

BA 43

BA 2

AG ambiens gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas

BA41

BA42

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior)

BA 22

BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas

gB CA3 S

DG

DG CA1 CA1

PrS

BA 21

S Ec PRC35

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IA2 ventral precentral insular area IAB insular transition area IB postcentral insular area IBT postcentral insular area at temporal entrance LA precingulate agranular anterior limbic area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TG temporo polar area

Regions of Interest PRC36

236

B. Vogt: 24d subregion of BA 24 p24c‘ anterior division of BA24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

BA 20

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 45 Slice Nr. 3041

PB2 Area postcentralis oralis simplex. PB1 Area postcentralis oralis granulosus. PC Area postcentralis intermedia. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXI (61)

stripe 1

CG Gyral pattern BA23 BA31 Brodmann areas LC2-3 von Economo p24‘ Regions of Interest p33‘

stripe 1

LA 24d

SFGL

PrG

BA6

SFGL

BA4

PrG BA6

FB

BA4

FA

p24c‘

continuation

PrG

SMG

PoG

BA4

BA3

FA

stripe 1

PCL BA24

PA

BA1 PB

BA2

COp-p BA43

PC

COp-a

PPo

Ins

TTG1

PTe

BA41 FB

IA2

IAB

IB

BA42

IBT

continuation

PTe BA42

STG

MTG BA21

BA22 IBT

TA

ITG TE1

PHG

FuG BA20 TE2

TG

TF

PRC36 TG

PRC

Ent

PRC35

Hi H

237

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci maprs

SFGL

PrG

pacs

PCL ce SFGL

slf I

PrG

MNI Position y = -16.83 mm AHB Position y = 16.11 mm

slf II

Gyri

cgs CG

cgb

racc

PoG

cals sfo

slf III ipocs

bcc SMG

bfx

COp-p

cis

str

COp-a POp

eml

sm

Ins ec

pic

iml

ex

TTG1

h1 crt

rmx

PPo

PCI al

comb

PTe

STG

cis

sts

opt

fr

st

chf

slic mlf

alv

cp 3n

lf

pcis

lenf

h2

sH

tp

Un DG

pons

hf

ilf

PaS PrS

MTG

S

cgh

Ent

PRC its rhs

PHG

ITG FuG

cos-ph

238

Sulci

sz

arc

st

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 46 Slice Nr. 3091

Fibers

mls

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure maprs marginal precentral sulcus pacs paracentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus 3n oculomotor nerve al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulointerpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus lenf lenticular fasciculus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria opt optic tract pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pons pontine fibers racc radiation of corpus callosum rmx retromammillary commissure sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria sz stratum zonale tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas maprs

8

46 MNI: -16.83 ICL: 16.11 MCP: 1.37

BA 4

pacs

7

ce

BA 4

6 BA 1 BA 4

BA 6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

cgs

5 BA 24

ipocs BA 31

4

BA 1 BA 3 BA 23 cals mls

3

cc Cd

LV

BA 2

tfx tsc

tsv

bfx

st BA 43

AD PT sm

2

pic

eml

Cuc

SB

AV Rt VLA

tt

lf

MDPC MDMC

PV

BA41

Pu

ec

VAL

1

lml

iml

PV

BA42

ex

ithp EGP

VLPE

CeMe

mml

VAb

Re h1

3V mtg cr

ZI al

STh SNC

Amg

opt

SNR DG

VTA

tfi

bG CA1

VGP BC

ASt

-1

TLV

tsc

sts

VCl

PuV

st

TCd CA3

CA3

SEpS

cp

3n

BA 22

IGP

h2 comb

rmx

0

DG

S

DG

hf

-2

BA 21

Pons

CA1

PrS S Ec

-3

PRC35 its rhs PRC36

BA 20

-4 cos-ph

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve 3V third ventricle AD anterodorsal thalamic n. al ansa lenticularis Amg amygdala ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix bG band of Giacomini CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CeMe central medial thalamic n. cgs cingulate sulcus comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle cr capsule of the red n. Cuc cucullaris n. DG dentate gyrus Ec entorhinal cortex, caudal subfield ec external capsule EGP external globus pallidus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle hf hippocampal fissure IGP internal globus pallidus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus ithp inferior thalamic peduncle its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus LV lateral ventricle maprs marginal precentral sulcus MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocell. p. MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus mtg mammillo-tegmental tract opt optic tract pacs paracentral sulcus pic posterior limb of the internal capsule Pons pons PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus rmx retromammillary commissure Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SB striatal cell bridge SEpS subependymal stria sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. tfi tenia of fimbria tfx tenia of fornix TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsc tenia semicircularis tsv thalamostriate vein tt tenia of thalamus us uncal sulcus VAb basal ventroanterior n. VAL lateral ventroanterior n. (pallidal afferents) VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus pallidus VLA anterior ventrolateral n. (medial oral div.) VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

239

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL

PrG maprs

ce PCL

PrG slf I

PrG

MNI Position y = -18.30 mm AHB Position y = 17.45 mm

PoG

Gyri CG

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

cgs

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure maprs marginal precentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus pcs postcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf II

3n oculomotor nerve al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix bG band of Giacomini cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fpt frontopontine tract fr fasciculus retroflexus h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus lenf lenticular fasciculus lls lateral longitudinal stria mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria opt optic tract pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pons pontine fibers ptpt parieto-temporopontine tract py pyramidal tract racc radiation of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria sz stratum zonale tp tapetum

pcs

racc

cgb

PoG

cals

sfo

lls

slf III

mls bcc

SMG

bfx

COp-a

arc str

sz

POp cis

COp-a

eml

sm

sH

Ins ec

lf

ex

PTe

pic

iml

TTG1

lenf

h2 crt

comb

PP o

pcis

h1

fr

COp-p

PCI al

STG

sts

cis

opt

st

slic

chf mlf

alv

cp

tp

bG fpt ptpt

3n

Un

FD

DG

MTG

ilf

py hf PaS

PrS

S

pons cgh

Ent PRC its rhs

PHG

ITG FuG

cos-ph

240

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 47 Slice Nr. 3141

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

47 MNI: -18.30 ICL: 17.45 MCP: 2.71

BA 4

7 ce

BA 4

6

BA 1

BA 4

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 6

5 cgs BA 24

BA 31

pcs

4

BA 1 BA 3 BA 3

BA 23 SCS

cc

3

BA 2

IGr

mls

Cd

tsv bfx LV

st

DSF AD PT

cis

BA 43

2

DCl

AV

eml

sm

MDMC

sH

ex

MDPC

BA41

ec

VLPI

PV

lf BA42

1

Rt Pu

PV

iml

VLPE

pic

Co Re 3V mtg

VAb h1 VLb ZID ZIV crt

0

IGP

cr

VGP BC

Amg st

opt

SNR

EGP al

comb

STh

SNC

lml

mml BA 22 VCl sts

PuV ASt

-1

TLV DG Un DG bG

cp

3n IPF

TCd

fi

bG

SNR

VTA

CA3 CA2 CA3 CA1

DG

CA3

PrS

Pons

-2

BA 21

CA1

us S

ECL

-3 PRC35 its

rhs PRC36

cos-ph BA 20

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve 3V third ventricle AD anterodorsal thalamic n. al ansa lenticularis Amg amygdala ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix bG band of Giacomini CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus cis circular sulcus Co commissural n. comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle cr capsule of the red n. crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentato-thalamic tract) DCl dorsal claustrum DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. ec external capsule ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield EGP external globus pallidus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fi fimbria of the hippocampus h1 thalamic fascicle IGP internal globus pallidus IGr indusium griseum iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IPF interpeduncular fossa its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus LV lateral ventricle MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocell. p. MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. mls medial longitudinal stria mml medial medullary lamina of globus pallidus mtg mammillo-tegmental tract opt optic tract pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SCS subcallosal stratum sH Heschl sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein Un uncus us uncal sulcus VAb basal ventroanterior n. VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus pallidus VLb basal (inferior) ventrolateral n. [VPI] (entry zone of the cerebellar fibers) VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. VLPI posterior ventrolateral n., internal p. VTA ventral tegmental area ZID zona incerta, dorsal p. ZIV zona incerta, ventral p.

241

BA 4

BA 1

BA 4

BA 6

MNI Position y = -19.14 mm AHB Position y = 18.23 mm BA 24

Gyral Pattern BA 1

stripe 1

BA 31

BA 3 BA 23 BA 2

BA 43

BA42

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas

BA41

BA 22

BA 22 bG

CA3 CA3

DG

CA1

CA2 DG BA 21

S

ECL PRC35

PRC36

von Economo and Koskinas FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PD caudal postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

CA1

PrS

BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

CA3

bG

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA6 area frontalis agranularis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA24 area cingularis anterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior)

BA 20

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 24d subregion of BA 24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

242

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 47 Slice Nr. 3170

TC Area supratemporalis granulosa. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XCIV (94)

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Areas of Interest

I II III IV

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

PCL BA31 LC1

BA24

stripe 1

PrG BA4

FB

FA

24d

PoG

BA4 PA

SFGL

BA6

continuation

PrG FA

CG BA23 LC2-3 p33‘ p24‘

SMG

BA3

BA1

PB

BA2

PC

PF

POp

COp-p

COp-a

Ins

PPo

BA43 PD

IB

TTG1

PTe

STG

BA41

BA42

BA22

TA

TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG

ITG

FuG

BA22 TA

PHG BA20

BA21 TE1

TE2

TF

PRC PRC36 H

Ent PRC35 Hi

243

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SFGL

maprs ce

PrG

PCL

PrG

slf I

MNI Position y = -19.65 mm AHB Position y = 18.74 mm Gyri

PoG

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PCI postcentral insular cortex PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

cgs

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus maprs marginal precentral sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus pcs postcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf II

3n oculomotor nerve al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fcl fasciculus circumligatus (Ziehen) fpt frontopontine tract fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle opt optic tract pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule ptpt parieto-temporopontine tract py pyramidal tract sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis str superior thalamic stria sz stratum zonale tp tapetum

pcs CG

pcr

cgb

cals

slf III

sfo

bcc

SMG

COp-p COp-a arc

bfx

st cis

sz

POp

str

sm

ec

eml

ex

lf

sH PTe TTG1

pic

Ins

iml

pcis h1

PPo

crt

PCI STG

al

sts

comb

fr

st

opt

slic

chf

3n

mlf tp

alv fcl

fpt cp

DG ilf

FD

hf py

MTG

Un

ptpt

PrS

PaS

S

cgh

Ent PRC its

rhs PHG ITG FuG cos-ph

244

lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 48 Slice Nr. 3189

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

BA 4

48 MNI: -19.65 ICL: 18.74 MCP: 4.00

7 ce

BA 1

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 4

5 cgs

BA 3 BA 6 BA 4 BA 2 pcs

BA 31

4

BA 1 BA 23 SCS cc

IGr

3

BA 2 LV

Cd

bfx st

BA 43 DSF

2

Rt

AV

PT

DCl VLPI

sm

lf eml

MDPC

ec

BA41

ex

BA42

1

iml

MDMC

Pu

PV VLPE

lml pic

PF CM SPF

Re

EGP

VPMPC ZI h1 STh crt

al

comb

opt

R fr

0

VLb

SNR

PBP

chf

VGP BC

Amg st

ASt

-1 TCd

fi CA3

VTA SNC

PN cp

DG bG

CA2

CA1

FD CA3

DG FD

BA 21

CA1

us PrS

-2

S

PaS Pons

sts

PuV

TLV

cr RLi

BA 22 VCl

tfp

ECL

-3

PRC35 its

rhs PRC36

lots cos-ph

BA 20

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

al ansa lenticularis Amg amygdala ASt amygdalostriatal transition area AV anteroventral thalamic n. BC basal n., compact part bfx body of fornix bG band of Giacomini CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroidal fissure CM centromedian thalamic n. comb comb system cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cp cerebral peduncle cr capsule of the red n. crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentato-thalamic tract) DCl dorsal claustrum DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. ec external capsule ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield EGP external globus pallidus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule FD fascia dentata fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulointerpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle IGr indusium griseum iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lml lateral medullary lamina of globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LV lateral ventricle MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocellular p. MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. opt optic tract PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. of the VTA PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PN paranigral n. of ventral tegmental area pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. R red n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus RLi rostral linear n. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SCS subcallosal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SPF subparafascicular thalamic n. st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. tfp transverse fibers of the pons TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle us uncal sulcus VCl ventral claustrum VGP ventral globus pallidus VLb basal (inferior) ventrolateral n. VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. VLPI posterior ventrolateral n., internal p. VPMPC medial ventroposterior n., parvicellular p. VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

245

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

PrG ce

PCL slf I

MNI Position y = -21.14 mm AHB Position y = 20.08 mm

slf II PoG

Gyri

PrG

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Sulci

CG

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcis posterior central insular sulcus pcs postcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

cgs

3n oculomotor nerve al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) comb comb system cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fcl fasciculus circumligatus (Ziehen) fpt frontopontine tract fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle opt optic tract pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule ptpt parieto-temporopontine tract py pyramidal tract scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis tp tapetum

pcs pcr

cgb

sfo

cals

slf III

bcc

SMG

COp-p bfx

arc

cis

POp

st

ec

sm

ex

sH

eml

lf PTe

TTG1 Ins

pic iml

PP o

pcis

h1

STG

al

crt

sts

comb

fr

slic st

opt

ml

mlf chf

scp

tp

alv

cp Un

3n fpt fcl

ptpt

py

MTG

DG

hf

ilf

FD PrS

PaS

S

cgh

PHG

Ent

rhs

its

PRC FuG

ITG

cos-ph lots

246

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 49 Slice Nr. 3239

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

49 MNI: -21.14 ICL: 20.08 MCP: 5.34

BA 4 ce

7

BA 3 BA 4

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 1 cgs BA 4

BA 2

BA 31

pcs

4

BA 1

BA 3

BA 23 SCS cc

3

BA 2

LV

IGr

Cd

tsv

bfx

BA 43 Rt

2

DSF

PT

SB

sm

ec

eml

VLPI

lf

ex Cl

MDPC

BA42 BA41

1

iml

MDMC

VLPE lml Pu

PV pic

BA 22

VPL CM

EGP VLb ZI

PF VPMPC

Re

mtg

SPF fr

h1

al VGP PuV

STh opt PBP

fi

SNR

ASt

st

tclv

SNC

VTA

sts

Amg

RPC

cr crt

0

tsc TLV tfi CA3 CA2

TCd

-1

cp

BA 21

DG

DG Un

alv

FD

CA1

us PrS PaS

Pons

-2

S

ECL

-3

PRC35 rhs

its PRC36 BA 20 cos-ph

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

al ansa lenticularis alv alveus of the hippocampus Amg amygdala ASt amygdalostriatal transition area bfx body of fornix CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus Cl claustrum CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle cr capsule of the red n. crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentato-thalamic tract) DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. ec external capsule ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield EGP external globus pallidus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule FD fascia dentata fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulointerpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle IGr indusium griseum iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LV lateral ventricle MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocell. p. MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. mtg mammillo-tegmental tract opt optic tract PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. of the VTA PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus RPC red nucleus, parvicellular p. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SB striatal cell bridge SCS subcallosal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SPF subparafascicular thalamic n. st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. tclv tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle tfi tenia of fimbria TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsc tenia semicircularis tsv thalamostriate vein Un uncus us uncal sulcus VGP ventral globus pallidus VLb basal (inferior) ventrolateral n. [VPI] (entry zone of the cerebellar fibers) VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. VLPI posterior ventrolateral n., internal p. VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. VPMPC medial ventroposterior n., parvicellular p. VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

247

BA 4

BA 4

BA 3

MNI Position y = -21.14 mm AHB Position y = 20.13 mm

BA 1

Gyral Pattern BA 4

BA 2

BA 31 BA 23

BA 1

BA 3

stripe 1

BA 2

BA 43

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus COp-p posterior central operculum Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PPo planum polare PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus

Brodmann Areas

BA42 BA41 BA 22

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

von Economo and Koskinas CA2 BA 21

CA3 DG

DG

CA1

FD PaS

PrS S

ECL

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PD caudal postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 24d subregion of BA 24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

PRC35 PRC36 BA 20

248

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 49 Slice Nr. 3241

PFt(op) Area supramarginalis tenuicorticalis (in operculo). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXVII (77)

stripe 1

CG Gyral pattern BA23 Brodmann areas LC2-3 von Economo p24‘ Regions of Interest p33‘

stripe 1

PCL

PoG BA3 PB

BA4

LC1

FB

FA

PA

24d

continuation

PoG BA3

SMG BA1

PB

stripe 1

PrG

BA31

PC

BA2 BA1 PF

POp

BA2

PC

COp-p

Ins

PPo

BA43 PF

TTG1

PTe

BA41 PD

IB

TA

STG

BA42

BA22

TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG

FuG

BA21 TE1

PHG PRC36

BA20 TE2

TF

PRC Ent PRC35 H

Hi Hi

249

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci PrG ce

PoG

PrG

ce

PCL pcf

PoG slf I

Gyri ce

Sulci

CG

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus Un uncus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus fds fimbriodentate sulcus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa pcs postcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

PoG

slf II

cgs-p

MNI Position y = -22.49 mm AHB Position y = 21.47 mm

al ansa lenticularis arc arcuate fascicle bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) ec external capsule ex extreme capsule fcl fasciculus circumligatus (Ziehen) fpt frontopontine tract fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulointerpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus lls lateral longitudinal stria ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria opt optic tract pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule ptpt parieto-temporopontine tract py pyramidal tract scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis tp tapetum

pcs

pcr

SMG

cgb

sfo cals

lls

slf III

mls

bfx

arc cis POp

lf PTe

ex

sm

PTe

sH

Ins TTG1

pic iml cis ec

crt

al

h1

STG

fr

st

opt

ml

cp

mlf

fds

f ch

scp

sts

slic

hf

DG

Un

tp MTG

FD PrS fcl

fpt py

S ptpt

ilf

PaS cgh

PHG Ent

rhs

PRC its FuG cos-ph

250

ITG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 50 Slice Nr. 3291

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

50 MNI: -22.49 ICL: 21.47 MCP: 6.73

ce

BA 3

ce BA 4

7 BA 4

BA 3

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 1

5 cgs-p BA 3 BA 2

ce BA 31

pcs

4

BA 23 SCS BA 40

cc

3 LV

bfx

Cd

tsv

BA 43

st

2

DSF

PT

lf ec

VLPE

eml

MDPC sm

BA42

ex

Cl

MDPL

BA41

1

pic

MDMC PV

iml

VPL

lml

Rt

Pu

VPM

CM

EGP

PuV opt

PBP

st TLV

RPC cp SNC IP

BA 22 sts

Amg

fr

cr VTA 3n

0

al VGP

VPMPC VPb ZI h1 crt STh

PF

Re SPF Dk

TCd

-1

CA2

fi

CA3

hf

Un

ASt

CA1

SNR

FD

BA 21

DG

PrS S

PaS

-2

Pons ECL PRC36

-3

PRC35 its

rhs BA 20 cos-ph

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

3n oculomotor nerve al ansa lenticularis Amg amygdala ASt amygdalostriatal transition area bfx body of fornix CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. Cl claustrum CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cp cerebral peduncle cr capsule of the red n. crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) DG dentate gyrus Dk nucleus of Darkschewitsch DSF dorsal superficial n. ec external capsule ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield EGP external globus pallidus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule FD fascia dentata fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulointerpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle hf hippocampal fissure iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IP interpeduncular n. its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LV lateral ventricle MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocellular part MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. MDPL mediodorsal thalamic n., paralaminar p. opt optic tract PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PrS presubiculum PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PuV ventral putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus RPC red nucleus, parvicellular p. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SCS subcallosal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SPF subparafascicular thalamic n. st stria terminalis STh subthalamic n. sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein Un uncus VGP ventral globus palidus VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. VPb basal ventroposterior n. [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. VPM medial thalamic ventroposterior n. VPMPC medial ventroposterior n., parvicell. p. VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

251

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

PrG ce

PoG ce PrG PCL PoG pcf

slf I pcs

Gyri

CG

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

slf II

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus fds fimbriodentate sulcus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa pcs postcentral sulcus rhs rhinal sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

cgs-p

MNI Position y = -24.35 mm AHB Position y = 22.76 mm

al ansa lenticularis arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fcl fasciculus circumligatus (Ziehen) fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) h1 thalamic fascicle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle opt optic tract or optic radiation pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pons pontine fibers scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis tp tapetum

PoG pcr cgb

sfo SMG

cals

slf III

bcc bfx arc lf

cis

POp ex sm

PTe

PTe

ec Ins

sH

eml TTG1 pic

TTG2

iml

cis

al

h1 fr

STG

crt

st

opt

chf

ml

mlf

fi tp

fds

scp

hf

cp

sts

slic

or

S

PrS

DG FD

MTG ilf

fcl PaS cgh

pons

PHG Ent its rhs

PRC FuG cos-ph

252

ITG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 51 Slice Nr. 3339

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

BA 3

51 MNI: -24.35 ICL: 22.76 MCP: 8.02

ce

7

BA 4 BA 4 ce

pcf

BA 3

6

BA 1

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

pcs

5 BA 2 cgs-p BA 3 BA 31

4

BA 23

SCS BA 40

3

cc LV tfx bfx

Cd

BA 43

tsc st SB

lf

2

DSF PV

ec

eml tt

Cl ex

MD PL

MDPC

sm

BA42

Pu

BA 22

sH

VLPE

BA41 Rt

iml

MD MC

PV

1 pic

VPL Pu CM

lml

VPM PF Re mtg fr RPC

VPMPC crt

0

VPb

al

Pu

sts

ZI

SPF ASt

st

PBP

LG

RLi

fi

hf

scp

tsc

tfi

cp

TLV CA2

IF

CA1

PrS

SNC

IPF

-1

tp

SNR

VTA

TCd

CA3 DG

IP

BA 22

S

-2

PaS TF

Pons ECL

rhs

BA 21

PRC36

its

PRC35

-3

BA 20 cos-ph

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

al ansa lenticularis bfx body of fornix ASt amygdalostriatal transition area CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. Cl claustrum CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal r. cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. ec external capsule ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulointerpeduncularis) hf hippocampal fissure IF interfascicular n. iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IP interpeduncular n. IPF interpeduncular fossa its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LV lateral ventricle MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocellular p. MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. MDPL mediodorsal thalamic n., paralaminar p. mtg mammillo-tegmental tract PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. pcf paracentral fossa PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PrS presubiculum Pu putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. rhs rhinal sulcus RLi rostral linear n. RPC red nucleus, parvicellular p. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SB striatal cell bridge scp superior cerebellar peduncle SCS subcallosal stratum sH Heschl sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SPF subparafascicular thalamic n. st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF tfi tenia of fimbria tfx tenia of fornix TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tp tapetum tsc tenia semicircularis tt tenia of thalamus VLPE posterior ventrolateral n., external p. VPb basal ventroposterior n. [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. VPM medial thalamic ventroposterior n. VPMPC medial ventroposterior n., parvicellular p. VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

7

253

stripe 1

BA 3 BA 4

BA 4 BA 3

BA 1

MNI Position y = -24.77 mm AHB Position y = 23.59 mm

BA 2

Gyral Pattern BA 23 BA 3

stripe 4

BA 31

stripe 3 BA 40 BA 40 BA 43

stripe 2

BA42

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FD fascia dentata FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA 22

BA41

BA 22

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36

BA 22

von Economo and Koskinas CA2 CA3 DG

PrS

CA1

S

PaS

TF ECL BA 21 PRC35

PRC36

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PD caudal postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

Regions of Interest BA 20 BA 20

254

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 51 Slice Nr. 3370

B. Vogt: 24d subregion of BA 24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

FAgamma Area praecentralis gigantopyramidalis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate II (2)

stripe 2

stripe 1

PoG

PTe

BA3 PB

BA22 TA

stripe 3

SMG BA40 PF

stripe 4

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 4

CG BA23 LC2-3 p33‘ p24‘

PCL

PoG BA3 PA PB

BA4

LC1

FB

FA

24d

continuation

PoG BA3

SMG BA1

PB

POp

BA2

BA40

PC

stripe 4

PrG

BA31

Ins

TTG1

BA43

PF

TTG2 BA41

TD

PD

IB

TA

PTe BA42

TB

STG BA22

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22 TA

ITG

FuG BA20

BA21 TE1

TE2

TF

PHG PRC Ent PRC36 PRC35 H

Hi Hi

255

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci PrG

ce ce

PoG

PrG pcf PCL

pcs PoG

slf I

MNI Position y = -25.31 mm AHB Position y = 24.01 mm Gyri

slf II CG

DG dentate gyrus CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

cgs

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa pcs postcentral sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tvt transverse temporal sulcus

Fibers

SMG

3n oculomotor nerve al ansa lenticularis arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus ex extreme capsule fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis tp tapetum vtx ventral tegmental decussation

pcr cgb

sfo cals slf III bcc bfx

arc

lf

st

eml

POp

cis

ec

PTe STG

ex

sH

Ins TTG1

sm

iml

TTG2

pic

tvt cis

fr

al STG crt

sts

mlf

slic

or st chf

ml scp

fi

hf

3n

tp DG

PrS

vtx

MTG

S cp

PaS

ilf

cgh

PHG Ent

its

PRC FuG cos-ph

ITG lots

256

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 52 Slice Nr. 3386

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ce

8 BA 3

52 MNI: -25.31 ICL: 24.01 MCP: 9.27

ce

7

BA 4 pcf

BA 3 BA 4 ce

6 pcs BA 1 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 2 cgs-p

BA 31

4

BA 23

BA 40

SCS

3

cc IGr

BA 43

LV Cd

tsv

bfx

lf st

2 DSF PT

eml MD PL

sm

ec

ADPul

BA 22

ex

Cl

MDPC

BA41 BA42

iml MD MC

PV

APul VPL Rt

VPMPC

SPF

0 VPb

ZI

crt

mtg fr

SGe

PPA

PBP RLi

pic

VPM

PF

EW

tvt

Pu

CM

Re

1

sts

LG

st

ASt TCd

TLV

RPC hf

SNR

fi CA3

-1

CA2

scp IF

SNC

DG

PrS

VTA

cp

IP

CA1

S PaS

-2

BA 21

Pons

TF

TH

its

-3 cos-ph

lots

BA 20

-4

ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) APul anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus ASt amygdalostriatal transition area bfx body of fornix CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. Cl claustrum CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. ec external capsule eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus EW Edinger-Westphal n. ex extreme capsule fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) hf hippocampal fissure IF interfascicular n. IGr indusium griseum iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IP interpeduncular n. its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LV lateral ventricle MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocellular part MDPC mediodorsal thalamic n., parvicellular p. MDPL mediodorsal thalamic n., paralaminar p. mtg mammillo-tegmental tract PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. pcf paracentral fossa PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PrS presubiculum PPA peripeduncular area PT paratenial thalamic n. Pu putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. Re reuniens thalamic n. RLi rostral linear n. RPC red nucleus, parvicellular p. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum scp superior cerebellar peduncle SCS subcallosal stratum SGe suprageniculate n. sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SPF subparafascicular thalamic n. st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein tvt transverse temporal sulcus VPb basal ventroposterior n. [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. VPM medial thalamic ventroposterior n. VPMPC medial ventroposterior n., parvicellular part VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

257

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ce

PrG

ce PoG

PCL PrG

pcf pcs PoG slf I

MNI Position y = -26.74 mm AHB Position y = 25.49 mm Gyri

slf II

CG

CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

cgs

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa pcs postcentral sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tvt transverse temporal sulcus

Fibers

SMG

3n oculomotor nerve arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis tp tapetum vtx ventral tegmental decussation

pcs pcr cgb

SMG sfo

cals

slf III bcc bfx

lf arc st

POp

PTe

cis

eml

Ins

sH

sm

TTG1 iml

TTG2

cis

pic

tvt STG fr

slic

sts

mlf

crt

or st

ml

scp vtx

chf hf

fi

tp

3n cp

MTG

PrS

ilf

S PaS

cgh

its PHG

Ent

FuG cos-ph

258

ITG lots

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 53 Slice Nr. 3441

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

BA 4 BA 1

ce

MNI: -26.74 ICL: 25.49 MCP: 10.75

ce

7

BA 1

BA 3

BA 3

pcf

53

6 pcs

BA 4

BA 2

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 2 cgs

BA 31 pcs

4

BA 40

BA 23 SCS

cals

3 BA 43

cc bfx

lf

Cd LV

2 DSF AV

eml

ADPul MDPL

sH

LPul sm

BA41

MD

MD MC

1

APul

Pu

VPL

Rt

PF

VPM

fr

VPMPC

crt

mtg

EW

tvt

pic

CM PV

0 PrG

VPb PP

ZI

sts LG

ml

st

PPA

TLV

RPC

PB

scp

IP

fi CA3

PaS

TCd

-1

CA2 alv

DG CA1

PrS

cp

SNC

VTA

IF

hf sfms

SNR

P

RLi

BA 22

BA42

iml

BA 21

S its

-2

Pons TH TF

-3 cos-ph BA 20

lots

-4

ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) alv alveus of the hippocampus APul anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus AV anteroventral nucleus (anteroprincipal nucleus) bfx body of fornix CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus EW Edinger-Westphal n. fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) hf hippocampal fissure IF interfascicular n. iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IP interpeduncular n. its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MD medial dorsal thalamic n. MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocellular part MDPL mediodorsal thalamic n., paralaminar p. ml medial lemniscus mtg mammillo-tegmental tract PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. pcf paracentral fossa PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PP peripeduncular n. PPA peripeduncular area PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum Pu putamen PV paraventricular thalamic n. RLi rostral linear n. RPC red nucleus, parvicellular p. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum scp superior cerebellar peduncle SCS subcallosal stratum sfms superficial medullary stratum sH Heschl sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tvt transverse temporal sulcus VPb basal ventroposterior n. VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. VPM medial thalamic ventroposterior n. VPMPC medial ventroposterior n., parvicellular part VTA ventral tegmental area ZI zona incerta

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

259

BA 4

stripe 1 BA 1

BA 1

BA 3

BA 3

BA 2 BA 4 BA 2

MNI Position y = -26.74 mm AHB Position y = 25.46 mm Gyral Pattern CG cingulate gyrus Ent entorhinal cortex FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

BA 31

BA 40

BA 23

stripe 2

BA 43

Brodmann Areas

BA41 BA42 BA 22

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) BA43 area subcentralis Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

von Economo and Koskinas

PrS PaS

CA2 CA3 DG CA1

BA 21

S

TH TF

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PD caudal postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

Regions of Interest

BA 20

260

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 53 Slice Nr. 3440

B. Vogt: 24d subregion of BA 24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

PF Area supramarginalis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXII (72)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA3 von Economo PB Regions of Interest

PoG BA1 PC

BA3 PB

stripe 2

CG BA23 LC2-3 p33‘ p24‘

stripe 2

PrG BA4

LC1

FB

PoG

FA

PrG

PA

PoG

FA

PA

BA3 PB

BA1 PC

24d

continuation

PoG

SMG

BA1

POp

BA2 PC

stripe 2

PCL BA31

BA40

Ins

TTG1

BA43

PF

TTG2

BA41 TD

PD

TA

IB

PTe

STG

BA42

BA22

TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG

FuG

BA21 TE1

BA20 TE2

PHG TF

TF

Ent TH

Hi Hi

H

261

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ce PrG PoG ce

PCL

pcs

pcf

PoG

PrG slf I

SMG

MNI Position y = -28.01 mm AHB Position y = 26.64 mm Gyri

cgs slf II CG

cgb

pcr

SMG

scs

cals lls

slf III sfo

mls bcc

st

PTe

Sulci

arc

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa pcs postcentral sulcus sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tvt transverse temporal sulcus

Fibers

lf

bfx

3n oculomotor nerve arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentatothalamic tract) dtx dorsal tegmental decussation eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus lls lateral longitudinal stria ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria or optic radiation pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule scp superior cerebellar peduncle scs subcallosal fascicle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sm stria medullaris of thalamus st stria terminalis tp tapetum xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles

POp cis

Ins

sH

eml sm

TTG1

cis iml

TTG2

pic STG

fr

tvt

slic mlf

sts or

crt

st MTG dtx

fi

hf

scp ml

cp

S

PrS

xscp

tp

ilf

cgh

PaS

its

3n

PHG

cos-ph

FuG ITG lots

262

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 54 Slice Nr. 3484

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum S subiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

ce BA 1

BA 4

54 MNI: -28.01 ICL: 26.64 MCP: 11.90

ce

7 BA 1

BA 3

BA 3

pcf

6

pcs BA 4

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 40 BA 2

5

cgs

BA 2

BA 31

4

pcs

BA 40

BA 23 cals

3

pcs

SCS

LV cc bfx

lf

Cd

tsv st

2 DSF ADPul

AV

sm

LPul

MD PL

MD

sH

BA42

BA41 eml

MD MC

iml

1

Pu

APul

BA 22 VPL pic Rt

CM

tvt

PF

0 or

VPb fr EW

sts

MG

ml

LG PPA

3N

TLV

RPC

hf

fi CA3

sfms

scp

TCd

st PPA

CA2

DG

SNR PrS

CLi

xscp

IP

PN

SNC

-1 alv CA1 BA 21

S

PaS cp

its

TF

-2

TH

Pons

cos-ph

-3

BA 20 lots

-4

3N oculomotor n. ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) alv alveus of the hippocampus APul anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus AV anteroventral nucleus (anteroprincipal nucleus) bfx body of fornix CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus CLi caudal linear n. CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cp cerebral peduncle DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus EW Edinger-Westphal n. fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) hf hippocampal fissure iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IP interpeduncular n. its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MD medial dorsal thalamic n. MDMC mediodorsal thalamic n., magnocellular part MDPL mediodorsal thalamic n., paralaminar p. MG medial geniculate n. ml medial lemniscus or optic radiation PaS parasubiculum pcf paracentral fossa PF parafascicular thalamic n. pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PN paranigral n. pcs postcentral sulcus Pons pons PPA peripeduncular area PrS presubiculum Pu putamen RPC red nucleus, parvicellular p. Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum scp superior cerebellar peduncle SCS subcallosal stratum sfms superficial medullary stratum sH Heschl sulcus sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein tvt transverse temporal sulcus VPb basal ventroposterior n. [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

263

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ce ce

PrG PoG

ipocs PCL pcf PrG slf I SMG

MNI Position y = -29.53 mm AHB Position y = 28.20 mm

cgs

Gyri

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

CG

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos-ph collateral sulcus, phip. ramus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pc posterior commissure pcf paracentral fossa sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tvt transverse temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf II

3n oculomotor nerve arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle ctg central tegmental tract eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus or optic radiation pc posterior commissure pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule st stria terminalis tp tapetum xscp commissure of the superior cerebellar peduncle

SMG pcr slf III cgb

SMG cals sfo

lf

bcc bfx arc st

PTe POp

Ins

TTG2 sH

TTG1

cis pic eml

STG

fr

mlf

iml

tvt

slic

sts

pc

or st ml

fi

ctg

mlfc

tp

chf

PrS

3n ml

cp PaS

ilf

S

MTG

cgh

xscp

its 3n

PHG cos-ph FuG

ITG lots

264

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 55 Slice Nr. 3542

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ce BA 1

8

55 MNI: -29.53 ICL: 28.20 MCP: 13.46

BA 4

7 BA 1 ipocs

BA 2

BA 3

6

BA 4 BA 4 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 3

BA 40

BA 31 BA 40

BA 23

4

SCS

cc

3

lf

LV Cd

bfx

DSF

2

ADPul BA42 MDPL

BA41

LPul

MDPC

eml

1

LHb sm

Pu

VPL

APul iml CM

fr pc

VPb

Lim

PTc

tth

TrA

MGMC bsc MGPC

st

PPA MGLi SNR

0

sts

LG

bic

EW

tvt or

MGFi

Aq

3N

BA 22

pic

Rt

MHb

TCd TLV CA2 CA3

fi hf

DG CA1

PrS

ctg

-1

tp

S SNC

CLi

BA 21

PaS ml TF

xscp PBP

cp

-2

its

TH

IP PN

cos-ph

-3

BA 20 lots

-4

3N oculomotor n. ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) APul anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus Aq cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) bfx body of fornix bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CLi caudal linear n. CM centromedian thalamic n. cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cp cerebral peduncle ctg central tegmental tract DG dentate gyrus DSF dorsal superficial n. eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus EW Edinger-Westphal n. fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) hf hippocampal fissure iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus IP interpeduncular n. ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. LHb lateral habenular n. Lim limitans n. lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MDPC medial dorsal thalamic n.. parvicellular part MPPL medial dorsal thalamic n.. paralaminar part MGFi medial geniculate n., fibrosus p. MGLi medial geniculate n., limitans p. MGMC medial geniculate n., magnocellular p. MGPC medial geniculate n., parvicellular p. MHb medial habenular n. ml medial lemniscus or optic radiation PaS parasubiculum PBP parabrachial pigmented n. pc posterior commissure pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PN paranigral n. PPA peripeduncular area PrS presubiculum PTc pretectal area Pu putamen Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SCS subcallosal stratum sm stria medullaris of thalamus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tp tapetum TrA triangular area (Wernicke) tth dorsal trigemino-thalamic tract tvt transverse temporal sulcus VPb basal ventroposterior n. [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) VPL lateral thalamic ventroposterior n. xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

265

BA 1 BA 4

BA 1

stripe 1 BA 2 BA 4

BA 3

BA 4

BA 40

MNI Position y = -29.58 mm AHB Position y = 28.17 mm

BA 3

stripe 2

Gyral Pattern

BA 31 BA 23

stripe 3

BA 40

BA 40

BA 22

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas

BA42 BA41

BA 22

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

von Economo and Koskinas

CA2 CA3 DG

PrS

CA1

S PaS

BA 21 TF TH

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PD caudal postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

Regions of Interest

BA 20

266

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 55 Slice Nr. 3541

B. Vogt: 23c subregion of BA 23 24d subregion of BA 24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

PC Area postcentralis intermedia von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXIII (63)

stripe 2

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

PCL BA31

PrG BA4

LC1

CG BA23 BA31 LC2-3 LC1 p33‘ p24‘ 24d

PF

PoG BA1 PC

BA3

FB 23c 24d

24d

FA

PA

PB

PrG BA3 PA

PB

PoG PB

BA1 PC

continuation

PoG BA1

SMG BA2

POp

Ins

TTG1

BA40

PC

stripe 3

SMG BA40

PrG BA4 FA

continuation

CG

stripe 3

stripe 3

TTG2

BA41 PF

TD

PD

IB

PTe

BA42

STG

BA22

TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG BA21

TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

TE1

TE2

PHG TF

TF

TH

Hi Hi

H

267

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ce PoG

PrG ipocs PrG

PCL

PoG

pcf

SMG slf I

cgs

MNI Position y = -30.18 mm AHB Position y = 28.73 mm Gyri

slf II

CG SMG

SMG

pcr slf III

cgb

cals lf

sfo

dhx

PTe

Sulci

TTG2

bfx

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos collateral sulcus fds fimbriodentate sulcus hf hippocampal fissure ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

bcc

arc arcuate fascicle bcc body of corpus callosum bfx body of fornix cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cp cerebral peduncle ctg central tegmental tract dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus or optic radiation pc posterior commissure pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule st stria terminalis tp tapetum xscp decussation of the superior cereb. peduncles

arc st

POp

cis

sH TTG1

Ins

eml pic

iml fr

mlf STG sts

pc

slic or st chf

ml mlfc

ctg fds hf cp

xscp

tp

fi

PaS

ilf

S

MTG cgh

ml its ITG

PHG cos FuG

lots

268

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 56 Slice Nr. 3562

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ce

8

56 MNI: -30.18 ICL: 28.73 MCP: 13.99

7 BA 1

BA 4 BA 2

BA 3

6

BA 3

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 40

4

BA 40

BA 31

BA 23 lf

3 LV

cc bfx

Cd

dhx

BA 22

BA42

st

2 ADPul SFPul SPul BA41 Pu LPul Rt

MD

1

eml APul LHb MHb hbx pc Aq

iml

BA 22

TrA or

fr Lim Lim

VPb

PTc

0

MGMC

PAG ctg 3N

fi

hf

PaS

CLi

st TLV

LG

MGLi MGFi bic PPA LTN PP

PrS

SN

PTg

sts

TCd

CA2 CA3 DG

CA1

-1

S BA 21 TF

xscp TH

its

ml

-2

MnR cos BA 20

-3

3N oculomotor n. ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) APul anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus Aq cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) bfx body of fornix bic brachium of the inferior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CLi caudal linear n. cos collateral sulcus ctg central tegmental tract dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure DG dentate gyrus eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus fr fasciculus retroflexus (fc. habenulo-interpeduncularis) hbx habenular commissure hf hippocampal fissure iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. LHb lateral habenular n. Lim limitans n. lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LTN lateral terminal n. of the accessory optic system LV lateral ventricle MD medial dorsal thalamic n. MGFi medial geniculate n., fibrosus p. MGLi medial geniculate n., limitans p. MGMC medial geniculate n., magnocellular p. MHb medial habenular n. ml medial lemniscus MnR median raphe n. or optic radiation PAG periaqueductal gray PaS parasubiculum pc posterior commissure PP peripeduncular n. PPA peripeduncular area PrS presubiculum PTc pretectal area PTG pedunculotegmental n. Pu putamen Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SFPul superficial pulvinar n. SN substantia nigra SPul superior pulvinar nucleus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle TrA triangular area (Wernicke) VPb basal ventroposterior n. [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

269

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ce

PoG

PrG PoG ipocs PoG

PCL

SMG pcf

slf I slf II

MNI Position y = -32.37 mm AHB Position y = 30.80 mm Gyri

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

CG

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus, cis circular sulcus cos collateral sulcus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa sH Heschl sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

cgs

arc arcuate fascicle bsc brachium of the superior colliculus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix ctg central tegmental tract dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ll lateral lemniscus ml medial lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus or optic radiation pc posterior commissure pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule spth spinothalamic tract st stria terminalis tp tapetum xscp decussation of the superior cereb. peduncles

pcr

cgb

SMG lf

slf III cals PTe scc crfx st

dhx

TTG2

POp arc cis

sH

Ins TTG1

eml

pic STG

mlf

iml

sts slic pc st or

bsc

fi

tp

spth PaS

S

ll

ctg

cgh

mlfc

ilf MTG

xscp

scp ml

PHG

its

cos FuG ITG lots

270

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 57 Slice Nr. 3639

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 1

8

ce

57 MNI: -32.37 ICL: 30.80 MCP: 16.06

7

BA 1 ipcs

BA 2

BA 4 BA 3

BA 3

BA 2

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 40 BA 31

4 BA 40 lf

BA 23

3 scal cc crfx Cd dhx

st

2

LV pic

BA 42

SPul

BA 41

SFPul

eml

Pu

MD

1

LPul APul

iml

BA 22

Pi MPul LHb bsc csc PTc SC PAG

Lim

0

IGPul SGe

pc MGDP

spth

Aq

st bsc

LG

MGFi

bic

bic

or fi MDe

PrS

ctg

mlfc CLi

CA3 CA2

-1

S

PaS

3n

TCd TLV

DG CA1

MGLi 3N

sts

slic

Rt

sfms

BA 21

PTg

TF

TH

xscp

its

-2

MnR cos BA 20

3n oculomotor nerve 3N oculomotor n. APul anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus Aq cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cc corpus calosum Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus CLi caudal linear n. cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix csc commissure of the superior colliculi ctg central tegmental tract DG dentate gyrus dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus IGPul intergeniculatus pulvinar nucleus iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LG lateral geniculate n. LHb lateral habenular n. Lim limitans n. LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MD medial dorsal thalamic n. MDe margo denticulatus MGDP medial geniculate n., dorsal posterior p. MGFi medial geniculate n., fibrosus p. MGLi medial geniculate n., limitans p. mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus MnR median raphe n. MPul medial pulvinar nucleus or optic radiation PAG periaqueductal gray PaS parasubiculum pc posterior commissure Pi pineal gland pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PrS presubiculum PTc pretectal area PTg pedunculotegmental n. Pu putamen Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SC superior colliculus scal subcallosal fc SFPul superficial pulvinar n. SGe suprageniculate n. sfms superficial medullary stratum slic sublenticular p. of internal capsule spth spino-thalamic tract SPul superior pulvinar nucleus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

271

BA 1

BA 1 BA 4 BA 2 BA 3

BA 3 BA 40 BA 2

BA 4

MNI Position y = -32.37 mm AHB Position y = 30.82 mm Gyral Pattern BA 40

BA 40

BA 31 BA 23

stripe 1 BA 40

BA 22

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior)

BA 42 BA 41

BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior)

BA 22

Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

von Economo and Koskinas

CA3 CA2 DG CA1 PrS S PaS BA 21

TF TH

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PD caudal postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TC supratemporal area granulosa TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23c subregion of BA 23 23d dorsal division of BA 23 24d subregion of BA 24 p24‘ anterior division of BA24 p33‘ posterior subregion of BA33

BA 20

272

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 57 Slice Nr. 3640

TB Area supratemporalis simplex. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XCIII (93)

stripe 1

CG Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA23 von Economo LC2-3 Regions of Interest p33‘

stripe 1

continuation

CG

PCL

BA23 LC2-3 p33‘

23d

stripe 1

PrG BA4

BA31 LC1 p24‘

FB 23c

24d

FA

PoG BA3 PA

BA1

BA2

PB

BA2

BA40 PF

continuation

PoG

SMG

POp

Ins

BA40

TTG1

TTG2

BA41

PF

stripe 1

BA1 PC

TD

PD

IB

PTe

BA42

TB

TC

STG BA22

TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG BA21

TE1

FuG BA20

TE2

PHG TF

TF

TH

Hi Hi

H

273

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ce

PoG PrG ipocs

pcf PCL SMG slf II

slf I

MNI Position y = -33.78 mm AHB Position y = 32.11 mm Gyri

cgs

SMG

CG pcr cgb

slf III PTe

cals lf

sfo scc

POp

Sulci

arc TTG2

cis

crfx Ins

st

TTG1

Fibers

dhx

mlf

eml

pic STG slic

st

sts

csc bsc

fi

cmg spth

MTG

tp

bic PrS

S ilf

cgh

mlfc

ll scp PHG its cos FuG ITG lots

274

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 58 Slice Nr. 3688

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus, cis circular sulcus cos collateral sulcus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa sts superior temporal sulcus arc arcuate fascicle bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cmg capsule of the medial geniculate n. crfx crus of fornix csc commissure of the superior colliculi dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ll lateral lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule spth spinothalamic tract st stria terminalis tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 1

8

58 MNI: -33.78 ICL: 32.11 MCP: 17.37

7

BA 1 BA 4 BA 2 BA 3

6

BA 2 BA 40

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 31

4 BA 23 BA 40

lf

SCS scc

LV

3

scal Cd

crfx dhx

2

st

BA 42 BA 22

BA 41 Pu SPul

SFPul

pic

LPul MD

1

MLPul MPul

eml

Pi

sts

IDPul Lim

csc

PTc

bic

Rt

ILPul

SGe

SC

slic

0 bsc

IVPul

st

TCd

cmg Aq

CA2

PAG

fi hf

IC

sfms

CuA

DG

S ll

DR

CA3

TLV CA1

-1

PaS

mlfc ml

TH

BA 21

xscp

TF

Aq cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. cmg capsule of the medial geniculate n. cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix csc commissure of the superior colliculi CuA cuneiform area DG dentate gyrus dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure DR dorsal raphe n. eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus hf hippocampal fissure IC inferior colliculus IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal p. ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate p. its inferior temporal sulcus IVPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, ventral p. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure Lim limitans n. ll lateral lemniscus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MD medial dorsal thalamic n. ml medial lemniscus mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus MLPul mediolateral pulvinar nucleus MnR median raphe n. MPul medial pulvinar nucleus PAG periaqueductal gray PaS parasubiculum Pi pineal gland pic posterior limb of the internal capsule PTc pretectal area Pu putamen Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SC superior colliculus scal subcallosal fc scc splenium of corpus callosum SCS subcallosal stratum sfms superficial medullary stratum SFPul superficial pulvinar n. SGe suprageniculate n. slic sublenticular p. of internal capsule SPul superior pulvinar nucleus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle

-2

MnR

its cos

BA 20

-3

-4

-5

0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

275

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ppms

ce PoG PrG ipocs

pcf sms

slf I

PoG

PCL

SMG

MNI Position y = -35.08 mm AHB Position y = 33.42 mm

cgs

Gyri

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PaS parasubiculum PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus, cis circular sulcus cos collateral sulcus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcf paracentral fossa ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sms supramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf II

arc arcuate fascicle bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix csc commissure of the superior colliculi dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ll lateral lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus pcr posterior corona radiata pic posterior limb of the internal capsule scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule spth spinothalamic tract st stria terminalis tp tapetum

SMG CG lf

pcr

cgb

slf III PTe

POp cals sfo arc

scc

TTG2

cis Ins

crfx

TTG1

st

dhx

mlf pic eml

STG

st

slic sts

fi

bsc

csc

MTG tp

spth PrS

bic

S

PaS ilf

cgh

mlfc scp

ll PHG its

cos FuG ITG lots

276

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 59 Slice Nr. 3737

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms BA 1

8

59 MNI: -35.08 ICL: 33.42 MCP: 18.68

BA 2 ce

BA 1

7

ipocs BA 3 pcf sms

6

BA 2 BA 2

BA 4

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 40

cgs

5

BA 40 lf

BA 31

4 BA 23

BA 22

3 IGr

scc

LV tfx

tsc Cd

st

BA 42

BA 41

crfx

2

st

dhx

SPul eml SFPul

LPul

MLPul

1

BA 22

Pu

MPul Rt

Pi

sts

IDPul ILPul SC

bsc

st

IPul

0 TCd

csc

fi CA2

hf

DG

PrS

Aq bic CnF PAG

CA3 TLV

S

-1

PaS MiTg

DR

TH

PTg

TF BA 21

Aq cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix csc commissure of the superior colliculi CuF cuneiform n. DG dentate gyrus dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus hf hippocampal fissure IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal p. IGr indusium griseum ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate p. ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MiTg microcellular tegmental n. ml medial lemniscus mlfc medial longitudinal fasciculus MLPul mediolateral pulvinar nucleus MPul medial pulvinar nucleus PAG periaqueductal gray PaS parasubiculum pcf paracentral fossa Pi pineal gland ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PrCuF precuneiform area PrS presubiculum PTg pedunculotegmental n. Pu putamen RSC retrosplenial cortex Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SC superior colliculus scc splenium of corpus callosum SFPul superficial pulvinar n. sms spramarginal sulcus SPul superior pulvinar nucleus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF tfx tenia of fornix TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsc tenia semicircularis

-2 mlfc ml its

cos

BA 20

-3

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

277

BA 1

BA 1

BA 2

BA 3 BA 4

BA 40 BA 2

BA 2

BA 2

MNI Position y = -35.13 mm AHB Position y = 33.45 mm BA 40

Gyral Pattern BA 31

BA 23 BA 22

stripe 1

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale S subiculum SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA 42

BA 41

BA 22

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA41 area temporalis transversa interna (anterior) BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

von Economo and Koskinas CA2 CA3 PrS

DG CA1

S

PaS

TH

TF BA 21

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area IB postcentral insular area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TC supratemporal area granulosa TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23c subregion of BA 23 23d dorsal division of BA 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30

BA 20

278

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 59 Slice Nr. 3738

TF Area fusiformis. TH(a) Area temporohippocampica (agranularis). HD(1,2,3) Area praesubicularis granulosa (limitans, media, glomerulosa). HE(1alpha,1ß,2) Area pyramidalis (subiculi glomerulosa, subiculi simplex, ammonica). HF Area dentata. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate CXII (112)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

CG

PCL

BA23 LC2-3 29/30

LC1

BA3 PA

BA1

BA2

PB

PC

23c

continuation

BA1

SMG

BA2

POp

Ins

BA40

PC

stripe 1

PoG

BA4 FA

FB

23d

PoG BA2

PrG

BA31

PF

TA

PF

TD

BA41 PB IB TB

TTG1

TTG2

PTe

BA42 TC

STG BA22

TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG BA21

TE1

FuG

PHG

BA20 TE2

TF TF

TH

TH

Hi Hi

H

279

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ppms

PoG

ce

PoG

ipocs

sms

PCL

slf I SMG

cgs-p SPL

Gyri

MNI Position y = -36.57 mm AHB Position y = 34.82 mm

slf II

CG

PTe pcr

cgb

slf III

lf POp

cals

arc TTG2 Ins

Sulci

scc

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior part cis circular sulcus cos collateral sulcus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sms supramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

sfo

4n trochlear nerve arc arcuate fascicle bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cic commissure of the inferior colliculi crfx crus of fornix dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ll lateral lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle pcr posterior corona radiata scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sms superficial medullary stratum spth spinothalamic tract st stria terminalis tp tapetum

cis TTG1

dhx

crfx mlf st

STG

eml

sts fi

MTG

slic

bsc

cic

tp spth bic

PSR

cgh

ilf IC 4n

ll

PHG

MTG

scp its

cos FuG ITG lots

280

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 60 Slice Nr. 3789

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus IC inferior colliculus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PSR perisplenial region PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

BA 1

60 MNI: -36.57 ICL: 34.82 MCP: 20.08

ce

BA 1

7

ipocs

BA 3

BA 5

BA 2

pcf

sms

BA 4

BA 40

6 BA 2 BA 5

BA 2

BA 40

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

cgs-p

5 BA 40 lf BA 31

BA 7

4 BA 23

BA 22

3 BA 42 scc

LV

2

BA 42 Cd

dhx

crfx BA 22 st MLPul

SFPul

eml

MPul

Pi

1

LPul Rt

TCd

sts BA 21

IDPul

0 TLV

fi

SC hf

CA3

PrS

PAG bic Aq

S

PSR

BA 22

CA2

bic brachium of the inferior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix CuF cuneiform n. DG dentate gyrus dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure DTg dorsal tegmental n. eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus hf hippocampal fissure IC inferior colliculus IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal p. ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus LDTg laterodordal tegmental n. lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle Me5 mesencephalic trigeminal n. MLPul mediolateral pulvinar nucleus MPul medial pulvinar nucleus PAG periaqueductal gray pcf paracentral fossa Pi pineal gland ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PrS presubiculum PSR perisplenial region Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SC superior colliculus scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle SFPul superficial pulvinar n. sms spramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle

DG CA1

-1 IC

Me5

TH

TF BA 21

CuF

-2

LDTg scp its

cos

DTg

BA 20

-3

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

281

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ppms PoG ce

PoG

ipocs

sms

PCL SMG slf I SPL

MNI Position y = -37.13 mm AHB Position y = 35.16 mm

cgs-p

Gyri

slf II

CG

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PSR perisplenial region PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

lf

cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior part chf choroid fissure cis circular sulcus cos collateral sulcus ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sms supramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

PoG

4n trochlear nerve arc arcuate fascicle bic brachium of the inferior colliculus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cic commissure of the inferior colliculi crfx crus of fornix dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ll lateral lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle pcr posterior corona radiata scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sms superficial medullary stratum st stria terminalis tp tapetum

PTe

pcr

cgb

slf III cals sfo POp scc

arc

TTG2

TTG1

cis Ins

crfx

dhx

mlf chf

st

STG

eml

sts fi

slic

MTG

chf

cic

tp bic

PSR

cgh

ilf

ll

4n

MTG PHG scp

cos its FuG ITG lots

282

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 61 Slice Nr. 3802

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 2

ppms

8

BA 1

61 MNI: -37.13 ICL: 35.16 MCP: 20.42

ce

BA 1 BA 3

ipocs

7

BA 5 BA 2

sms

BA 2

BA 4

BA 40

6 BA 2 BA 5

BA 7 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 40 cgs-p

5 BA 31

BA 40 lf BA 7

4 BA 22

BA 23

3 BA 42 scc

LV cis

2

BA 42 Cd

dhx

crfx

tsv BA 22 eml LPul

MLPul

SFPul

st

1

Rt

MPul

sts

TCd

Pi

IDPul BA 21

SC

fi

ILPul

IPul bsc

TLV

0 BA 22

hf CA3 CA2 PrS S

PAG PSR

bic

DG

CA1

Aq

-1

bic brachium of the inferior colliculus bsc brachium of the superior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus Cd caudate n. ce central sulcus cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior p. cis circular insular sulcus cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix CuF cuneiform n. DG dentate gyrus dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure DTg dorsal tegmental n. eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus hf hippocampal fissure IC inferior colliculus IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal p. ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate p. ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure LDTg laterodordal tegmental n. lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle Me5 mesencephalic trigeminal n. MLPul mediolateral pulvinar nucleus MPul medial pulvinar nucleus PAG periaqueductal gray Pi pineal gland ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PrS presubiculum PSR perisplenial region Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SC superior colliculus scc splenium of corpus callosum scp superior cerebellar peduncle SFPul superficial pulvinar n. sms spramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TH parahippocampal area TH TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein

IC TH

Me5 CuF

TF

LDTg

-2

BA 21

scp cos

DTg

its

BA 20

-3

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

283

BA 2

BA 1

BA 2 BA 1

BA 3

BA 5

BA 4

BA 40 BA 2

BA 2 BA 5

BA 40

BA 7

MNI Position y = -37.44 mm AHB Position y = 35.65 mm

BA 40 BA 31 BA 40

Gyral Pattern CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus IC inferior colliculus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrS presubiculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temp. gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

BA 7

BA 23

stripe 2 BA 42

Brodmann Areas

BA 42

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA5 area praeparietalis BA7 area parietalis superior BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior)

stripe 1 BA 21

Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area

BA 22

CA3 CA2 S PrS

DG

CA1

RSC

TF

BA 21

von Economo and Koskinas FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TC supratemporal area granulosa TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23c subregion of BA 23 23d dorsal division of BA 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30

BA 20

284

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 61 Slice Nr. 3820

PE(D) Area parietalis superior (postcentralis). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXV (65b)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

MTG BA21 TE1

stripe 2

CG

PCL

BA23 LC2-3 29/30

stripe 2

PoG

SPL BA7

BA7 BA2

stripe 2

PoG

BA5

BA4

BA3

FA

PA

BA1 PB

BA2

BA5

BA2

BA1

BA2

PC

continuation

BA40 BA2

LC1 23d

BA31 FB 23c

PC

PE

PoG BA40 BA7 PC PE

SMG

POp

Ins

BA40

TTG1

TTG2

BA42

PF

TA

TD

PF

TD

TC

PTe

STG

BA22 TB

TA

continuation

STG

MTG BA22

TA

ITG BA21

TE1

TE2

FuG BA20 TF

PHG TF TH

Hi Hi H

285

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ppms PoG ce PoG pcs

sms

SMG PCL slf I

cgs-mg

SPL

MNI Position y = -37.95 mm AHB Position y = 36.21 mm

PoG

PCun

CG

Gyri

lf

slf II PTe cgb

fmj

slf III

cals

POp sfo STG

arc Ins

TTG1

Sulci

scc

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pcs postcentral sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sms supramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

TTG2

arc arcuate fascicle bic brachium of the inferior colliculus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) cic commissure of the inferior colliculi crfx crus of fornix dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus fi fimbria of the hippocampus fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle ll lateral lemniscus mlf middle longitudinal fascicle scc splenium of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sms superficial medullary stratum st stria terminalis tp tapetum

STG dhx

mlf

crfx st

MTG

slic eml

sts

fi

tp

acs cic bic

PSR

cgh

ilf MTG

ll PHG

cos its FuG ITG lots

286

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 62 Slice Nr. 3841

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus IC inferior colliculus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PSR perisplenial region PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 2 ppms

BA 1

8

62 MNI: -37.95 ICL: 36.21 MCP: 21.47

ce

BA 4

ipocs

BA 3

7 BA 40

BA 2

sms

BA 5

6 BA 5 cgs-mg BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 7

BA 31

4 BA 23 BA 40

3 BA 42 scc cis

LV

BA 42

2

TCd

tsv

BA 22

dhx crfx MLPul

1

eml

MPul

SFPul

st

Rt LPul BA 21

TLV ILPul

IPul

bic brachium of the inferior colliculus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus ce central sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cic commissure of the inferior colliculi cis circular insular sulcus cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix DG dentate gyrus dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure eml external medullary lamina of the thalamus IC inferior colliculus ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate p. ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus LV lateral ventricle MLPul mediolateral pulvinar nucleus MPul medial pulvinar nucleus PAG periaqueductal gray PBG parabigeminal n. ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PrS presubiculum PSR perisplenial region Rt reticular thalamic n. S subiculum SC superior colliculus scc splenium of corpus callosum SFPul superficial pulvinar n. sms spramarginal sulcus st stria terminalis sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TLV temporal horn of lateral ventricle tsv thalamostriate vein

sts

0

CA3 CA2 PrS

SC

DG S CA1

PSR

cic bic

-1

PAG IC

BA 21

TF

PBG

-2

cos its

BA 20

-3

lots

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

287

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ppms

PoG

ce PCL PoG

spcs PoG sms

cgs-mg

SMG

slf I

MNI Position y = -42.31 mm AHB Position y = 40.28 mm

SPL

PCun

Gyri

CG cingulate gyrus DG dentate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv fds fimbriodentate sulcus hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sms supramarginal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

lf

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure fi fimbria of the hippocampus fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle mlf middle longitudinal fascicle scc splenium of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. slic sublenticular part of internal capsule sms superficial medullary stratum tp tapetum

slf II PTe

CG SMG cgb

slf III

fmj cals sfo

POp

TTG2

scc

STG arc

Ins

TTG1

mlf

dhx

STG

crfx fi

fds

sts

slic DG

hf

MTG

acs

DG tp

OcG

cgh

ilf

LgG PHG

MTG cos FuG its

lots

288

ITG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 63 Slice Nr. 3993

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 5

8

ppms

BA 1

63 MNI: -42.31 ICL: 40.28 MCP: 25.54

ce

BA 4

spcs BA 3

7

BA 7 sms BA 40

6

BA 5 cgs-mg

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 40 BA 31

BA 7

5 lf

BA 22

4

BA 23

3 BA 42 IGr BA 42

2

TrLV

scc

acs anterior calcarine sulcus ARG Andreas Retzii gyrus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus ce central sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus crfx crus of fornix dhx dorsal hippocampal commissure DG dentate gyrus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PrS presubiculum PSR perisplenial region S subiculum scc splenium of corpus callosum sms spramarginal sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus TCd tail of caudate n. TF parahippocampal area TF TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

BA 22

CA3 CA1

dhx

TCd DG

1

crfx sts

ARG CA3 CA2

acs

BA 21

sms PrS

CA1

DG

0

PSR S

-1

TF

BA 21 cos

-2

BA 20 its lots

BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

289

BA 5

BA 1

BA 5 BA 4

BA 3 BA 7 BA 7

BA 5 BA 40 BA 7

BA 31

MNI Position y = -42.79 mm AHB Position y = 40.74 mm

BA 40 BA 7 BA 40

Gyral Pattern BA 22

BA 23

stripe 1

BA 40

BA 42

BA 22

CG cingulate gyrus DG dentate gyrus FG fasciolar gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA 22

CA3

CA2 BA 21 BA 21

PrS

S

CA1

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA5 area praeparietalis BA7 area parietalis superior BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area

von Economo and Koskinas

DG

PSR

TF BA 21

BA 20

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TC supratemporal area granulosa TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest BA 20

290

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 63 Slice Nr. 4010

B. Vogt: 23c subregion of BA 23 23d dorsal division of BA 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30

TF Area fusiformis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XCVI (96)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

PCun BA31 LC1

PCL BA5 FA

FB

PoG BA4

BA3

BA1 PB

PA

BA5 PC

23c

continuation

PoG BA5

SPL

SMG

BA7 PC

stripe 1

CG BA23 LC2-3 29/30 23d

POp

BA40 PE

Ins

TTG1

TTG2

PTe

BA42

PF

TA

TD

TC

STG BA22

TB

TA

continuation

STG BA22 TA

MTG

ITG

BA21 TE1

FuG

LgG

BA20 TE2

PHG TF

TF

TH

OcG PSR

Hi Hi

H

291

spcs

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

PoG ppms

ce

PoG

spcs

PoG

sms

PCL SMG cgs-mg

slf I

MNI Position y = -43.66 mm AHB Position y = 41.57 mm

PCun SPL

Gyri

ARG Andreas Retzii gyrus CG cingulate gyrus DG dentate gyrus FG fasciolar gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Ins insula ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

Sulci

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv hf hippocampal fissure its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sms supramarginal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

SMG

sbps

arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix fi fimbria of the hippocampus fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mlf middle longitudinal fascicle scc splenium of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sms superficial medullary stratum tp tapetum

PTe CG

slf II

SMG

cgb

STG

slf III

fmj

POp

cals

TTG2

sfo lls Ins TTG1

scc

arc mlf

crfx fi

STG

FG

sts ARG

hf

DG

MTG

sms

tp

acs OcG cgh

PHG

ilf

LgG

MTG cos

FuG its

lots

292

ITG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 64 Slice Nr. 4041

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 5 BA 2

8

ppms

BA 1

64 MNI: -43.66 ICL: 41.57 MCP: 26.83

ce

BA 3

BA 7

spcs

7

BA 4 BA 40

sms

BA 5

6

cg

s-m

g BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 7

5 BA 40

sbps

BA 31

4

BA 22

BA 23

3 lls IGr BA 42

acs anterior calcarine sulcus alv alveus of the hippocampus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus ce central sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus DG dentate gyrus hf hippocampal fissure IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lls lateral longitudinal stria lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PrS presubiculum PSR perisplenial region S subiculum sbps subparietal sulcus scc splenium of corpus callosum sms spramarginal sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tp tapetum TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

2 TrLV scc BA 22

tp

CA1

1 sts

CA3 CA1

hf acs

sms

DG

BA 21

CA2

PrS

BA 21

PSR

0

CA1 alv

S

BA 36

-1 BA 21 cos

its

-2

its BA 20 lots

BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

293

spcs

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

PoG

SPL ppms

ce SPL

spcs PoG SMG PCL cgs-mg

SPL

sbps

Gyri

MNI Position y = -45.04 mm AHB Position y = 42.88 mm ARG Andreas Retzii gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

Sulci

slf I

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

PCun

alv alveus of the hippocampus arc arcuate fascicle cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mlf middle longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria scc splenium of corpus callosum sfo superior fronto-occipital fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. tp tapetum

SMG

CG slf II cgb

STG POp fmj

cals mls

slf III PTe

lls

sfo

scc arc mlf

crfx alv

sts

ARG MTG tp

acs OcG cgh

LgG LgG ilf

PHG

MTG cos

its

FuG

lots

294

ITG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 65 Slice Nr. 4090

Cortex: Brodmann Areas BA 2

BA 5

8

ppms

65 MNI: -45.04 ICL: 42.88 MCP: 28.14

BA 1 ce BA 7

BA 3

7

BA 4 spcs BA 40 BA 5 cgs-mg

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 31 BA 7

5

BA 40

sbps

4 BA 23 BA 22 BA 30

3

IGr

BA 42

lls

acs anterior calcarine sulcus alv alveus of the hippocampus ARG Andreas Retzii gyrus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus ce central sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lls lateral longitudinal stria lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PSR perisplenial region S subiculum sbps subparietal sulcus scc splenium of corpus callosum sms spramarginal sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tp tapetum TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

2 TrLV

scc

BA 22 tp alv CA3

1

sts

CA3 CA1 CA2

ARG sms

BA 21 S

acs

CA1

0

PSR

BA 36

-1

BA 21 cos

its

BA 20

lots

-2

BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

295

BA 5 BA 2

stripe 2 BA 1 BA 3 BA 7

stripe 3

BA 4

BA 40 BA 5

BA 40

BA 31

MNI Position y = -45.07 mm AHB Position y = 42.91 mm

BA 7

Gyral Pattern ARG Andreas Retzii gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

BA 23 BA 22

stripe 1

BA 30

Brodmann Areas

BA 42

stripe 4

BA 22

CA3 CA1

CA3

ARG BA 21

CA2

BA1 area postcentralis intermedia BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA3 area postcentralis oralis BA4 area gigantopyramidalis BA5 area praeparietalis BA7 area parietalis superior BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA40 area supramarginalis BA42 area temporalis transversa externa (posterior) Hi hippocampus TF fusiform area

S

von Economo and Koskinas CA1

TF BA 21 BA 20

FA precentral area FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TB magnocellular supratemporal area simplex TD intercalated supratemporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23c subregion of BA 23 23d dorsal division of BA 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30

BA 20

296

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 65 Slice Nr. 4091

PA(2) Area post-(para-)centralis gigantopyramidalis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXVII (67)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA22 von Economo TD Regions of Interest

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 4

SPL BA7 PE

POp BA22 TB TD

stripe 4

PCL PoG BA5 BA4 BA3 BA1 BA2 PA PB

PCL

CG BA30

BA5 PA

FA

PCun BA23

LC2-3

PA 29/30

SPL

PoG

BA5 PB

stripe 4

PTe BA42 TA

SPL BA31

LC1 23d

PE 23c

FB

23d

PA

23c

continuation

BA31 PA

stripe 3

POp

SPL BA7

PC

PE

SMG

STG

BA40

BA22

PF

TA

continuation

STG BA22 TA

MTG BA21 TE1

ITG

FuG

LgG TF

BA20 TE2

TF

TH

PHG LgG

OcG Hi Hi

H

297

spcs

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms SPL

PoG

ce spcs ips SPL

SMG

PCL cgs-mg PoG

sbps

MNI Position y = -46.42 mm AHB Position y = 44.20 mm

PCun

Gyri

slf I SMG

SMG

CG slf II

PTe

slf III

POp

lls

PTe

mls

Sulci

fmj cals

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus ce central sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

cgb

alv alveus of the hippocampus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria or optic radiation ptr posterior thalamic radiation scc splenium of corpus callosum slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. tp tapetum

scc ptr STG

crfx cals

sts

or

alv ICG Hi

acs

MTG tp

LgG OcG cgh

MTG

ilf

LgG PHG

cos its FuG

lots

298

ITG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 66 Slice Nr. 4139

CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

Cortex: Brodmann Areas

spcs BA 5 BA 2

ppms

8

66 MNI: -46.42 ICL: 44.20 MCP: 29.46

BA 1 ce BA 7

BA 3

7

spcs

BA 40

BA 5 cgs-mg

6 BA 7 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 31

5

sbps BA 40

4

BA 23

BA 22 BA 22

3 BA 30

BA 42 BA 22 lls

IGr

acs anterior calcarine sulcus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA2 CA2 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus ce central sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus DG dentate gyrus IGr indusium griseum its inferior temporal sulcus lls lateral longitudinal stria lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus PSR perisplenial region S subiculum sbps subparietal sulcus scc splenium of corpus callosum spcs superior postcentral sulcus SSpG subsplenial gyrus sts superior temporal sulcus tp tapetum TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

2 TrLV

scc

tp BA 22

CA3

sts

1

S SSpG

CA1 DG

CA2 BA 21

S

acs

0 CA1

PSR

BA 36

BA 21

-1 cos

BA 37 its

-2

lots BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

299

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

spcs ppms SPL

cgs-mg

PoG

impI SPL

PCL

SMG

ips-h

sbps

MNI Position y = -47.89 mm AHB Position y = 45.59 mm

AAnG

PCun

Gyri

AAnG anterior angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule SSpG subsplenial gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus

Sulci

SMG

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal part its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers

slf I

alv alveus of the hippocampus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) crfx crus of fornix fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle lls lateral longitudinal stria mls medial longitudinal stria or optic radiation ptr posterior thalamic radiation scc splenium of corpus callosum slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. tp tapetum

CG

slf II fmj

cgb

cals slf III

lls mls

STG ptr scc

sts SSpG

cals

crfx or alv

ICG

cgh

tp

OcG acs

MTG

Hi

LgG

ilf LgG PHG

cos its FuG fus lots ITG

300

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 67 Slice Nr. 4191

Cortex: Brodmann Areas spcs

BA 5 ppms

8

BA 2

67 MNI: -47.89 ICL: 45.59 MCP: 30.85

7

impI

BA 7

BA 5

BA 40

ips

cgs-mg

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 7

sbps

BA 39

5 BA 31

BA 31

4

BA 22

BA 23 BA 40

3 BA 30 cals

racc

IGr

ls BA 22

2 scc

acs anterior calcarine sulcus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus fus midfusiform sulcus IGr indusium griseum impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips intraparietal sulcus isst internal sagittal stratum its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ls longitudinal stria or optic radiation ppms posterior paramidline sulcus racc radiation of corpus callosum PSR perisplenial region RSC retrosplenial cortex S subiculum sbps subparietal sulcus scc splenium of corpus callosum spcs superior postcentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tp tapetum TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

TrLV or

BA 22

ls isst

S

cals

sts

1

tp RSC

CA3

acs

CA1

BA 21

PSR

0

BA 36 BA 21

-1 BA 37

cos

its

fus

-2

BA 20 lots BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

301

BA 5

stripe 1

BA 2

BA 7

BA 7

BA 5

BA 40

MNI Position y = -47.91 mm AHB Position y = 45.62 mm

BA 39

BA 31

Gyral Pattern

BA 31

BA 22

stripe 2

BA 23

BA 40

BA 30

BA 22

BA 22 S

CA3

AAnG anterior angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule SSpG subsplenial gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA2 area postcentralis caudalis BA5 area praeparietalis BA7 area parietalis superior BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA40 area supramarginalis Hi hippocampus

von Economo and Koskinas

RSC CA1

BA 21

BA 36 BA 21 BA 37

FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23d dorsal division of BA 23 23v ventral division of 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30 d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31

BA 20

BA 20

302

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 67 Slice Nr. 4192

LC2 Area cingularis posterior ventralis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XLIX (49)

stripe 1

PoG Gyral pattern PCL BA5 Brodmann areas BA2 PB von Economo PA Regions of Interest

PCL BA2 PA

stripe 2

CG BA30 LC2-3 29/30

LC1 23v

BA23 PE d31

LC1

SPL FB

PA

BA5 PB

BA7 PC

PE

23d

continuation

stripe 2

SPL

SMG

STG

BA7

BA40

BA22

BA21

TA

TE1

PE

stripe 2

MTG BA21 TE1

PCun BA31 PE

PF

MTG

continuation

ITG

FuG

LgG

PHG

LgG

BA20

BA37 TE2

OcG

ICG

SSpG

Hi TF

TH

H

303

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

spcs SPL

ppms

PoG

SPL ips-h

impI

PCL cgs-mg

SMG

SPL AAnG

slf I

Gyri

sbps

MNI Position y = -49.29 mm AHB Position y = 46.93 mm

SMG

PCun AAnG CG

slf II

cgb

mls

scc

STG

slf III

ptr

cals

Sulci

fmj

sstr SSpG

sts

ICG

Fibers

cals

or

cgh

MTG

alv tp

MTG

Hi

acs LgG

OcG ilf

LgG PHG

MTG cos

its FuG fus

lots ITG

304

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 68 Slice Nr. 4241

AAnG anterior angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule SSpG subsplenial gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal part its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus alv alveus of the hippocampus cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle mls medial longitudinal stria or optic radiation ptr posterior thalamic radiation scc splenium of corpus callosum slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas spcs BA 7

8

68 MNI: -49.29 ICL: 46.93 MCP: 32.19

BA 5

BA 7

7

ips-h impI

BA 5

BA 5

cgs-mg BA 40

6

BA 31

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39

sbps

5 BA 31 BA 22

4 BA 23 BA 40

BA 26

3

BA 30 BA 29 cals

BA 22

racc

SSpG

acs anterior calcarine sulcus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment isst internal sagittal stratum its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus mfs midfusiform sulcus or optic radiation racc radiation of corpus callosum PSR perisplenial region sbps subparietal sulcus scc splenium of corpus callosum spcs superior postcentral sulcus SSpG subsplenial gyrus sts superior temporal sulcus tp tapetum TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

2

tp scc TrLV

isst sts

cals

BA 22

SSpG

1

or

CA1

BA 21

acs PSR

0

BA 36

BA 21 cos

BA 37

-1

its

mfs

-2 BA 20 lots BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

305

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms spcs PoG

SPL

ips-h

SPL

impI

PCL

cgs-mg

AAnG SMG

PCun

MNI Position y = -50.70 mm AHB Position y = 48.27 mm

AAnG

slf I

Gyri

sbps

AAnG angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

SMG

CG slf II

sts-asc cgb

fmj STG

Sulci

slf III cals scc

sts

sstr sts-h

ICG

cgh

or

PCun

tp

Hi

Fibers

OcG

acs

LgG

LgG

cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation scc splenium of corpus callosum slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

MTG

ilf

PHG cos

its

FuG

ITG lots

306

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal part its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus spcs superior postcentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 69 Slice Nr. 4291

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

BA 7

spcs

8

69 MNI: -50.70 ICL: 48.27 MCP: 33.53

BA 7

7

ips-h

BA 5

impI

cgs-mg BA 7

BA 40

BA 39

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 32

5

BA 31 sbps BA 22

4

BA 23 BA 40 BA 23 BA 30

3 BA 22

racc

BA 29

acs anterior calcarine sulcus CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment isst internal sagittal stratum its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus or optic radiation ppms posterior paramidline sulcus racc radiation of corpus callosum RSC retrosplenial cortex S subiculum sbps subparietal sulcus scc splenium of corpus callosum spcs superior postcentral sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus tp tapetum TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle

cals tp

sts

2

scc TrLV

isst

BA 26

sts

BA 22

BA 29

1

or

BA 30

BA 21

CA1 RSC acs

0 BA 21 BA 36

-1 cos

BA 37

its

-2 BA 20 BA 20

lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

307

stripe 2

BA 7

BA 7 BA 5

BA 39

BA 7

BA 40

BA 32 BA 7

BA 31

stripe 1

MNI Position y = -50.67 mm AHB Position y = 48.24 mm Gyral Pattern

BA 32

BA 22

stripe 3

BA 23 BA 40 BA 23 BA 30 BA 22

BA 29

AAnG angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA5 area praeparietalis BA7 area parietalis superior BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA26 area ectosplenialis BA29 area retrolimbica granularis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA32 area cingularis anterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis BA40 area supramarginalis

BA 26

BA 22

BA 26 BA 29 BA 30

BA 21

von Economo and Koskinas

CA1

BA 21 BA 36

BA 37

FB agranular frontal area H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PB oral postcentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area PG angular area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23v ventral division of 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30 d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31

BA 20

308

BA 20

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 69 Slice Nr. 4290

LD Area retrosplenialis agranularis. LE1 Area granulosa retrosplenii superior. LB1 Area ultracingularis anterior. LF1 Area ultracingularis posterior. LF2 Area obtecta. LB2 Area indusei (posterior). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LI (51)

stripe 1 stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

AAnG BA23 LC1

PoG PCL

PCL BA32 PE

stripe 3

BA30

BA5 PA

PB

LC2-3

CG BA23 LC1

BA32 PE

23v

PA

PC

d31

AAnG BA7

PC

SMG BA39 PG

PE

BA40 PE

PG

PF

continuation

SMG

STG

BA40

BA22

PF

TA

stripe 3

SPL BA7

continuation

SPL

stripe 3

PCun BA31 FB

BA7

MTG

ITG

BA21

BA37

TE1

BA20 TE2

continuation

ITG

FuG BA20

TE2

BA20 TF

LgG

PHG

LgG

BA36 TH

H

OcG

PCun BA30 BA29 BA26 LC2-3 29/30

CG

BA30 BA26

BA29 LC2-3 29/30 23v

309

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms SPL

PCun ips-h PCL

SPL

cgs-mg AAnG

impI

SMG

MNI Position y = -52.05 mm AHB Position y = 49.56 mm

AAnG PCun slf I

Gyri

CG

sbps

AAnG angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

SMG

slf II

cgb

fmj

Sulci

STG slf III

cals

sts-asc scc

sstr

ICG

sts-h

cgh

OcG

or

Fibers

PCun

cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation scc splenium of corpus callosum slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

tp OcG acs

MTG

LgG ilf

LgG PHG cos

its

FuG ITG

lots

310

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal part its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 70 Slice Nr. 4339

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

BA 7

70 MNI: -52.05 ICL: 49.56 MCP: 34.82

ips-h

7

BA 5 BA 7

cgs-mg

BA 39

impI

BA 7

6 BA 40 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39

5

BA 31

BA 31

BA 7

BA 22

4

BA 23 BA 40

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

BA 30 BA 22

BA 29 cals

sts-asc

2

BA 26

BA 22

sts-h

BA 29

1

BA 21 BA 30

acs

0

cos

-1 its BA 37

-2 BA 20 BA 20

lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

311

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms SPL

PCun ips

cgs-mg

SPL impI AAnG

AAnG

SMG

MNI Position y = -53.52 mm AHB Position y = 50.95 mm

slf I

Gyri AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

PCun

sbps slf II

CG

fmj

cgb

STG

Sulci sts-asc

slf III ICG sstr STG

cgh

sts-h OcG

or

MTG

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers PCun

AStr

cgb cingulum bundle cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

OcG tp

LgG acs ilf

LgG

ITG

PHG

MTG

cos

its

FuG

ITG lots

312

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 71 Slice Nr. 4391

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

BA 7

71 MNI: -53.52 ICL: 50.95 MCP: 36.21

7

ips-h

cgs-mg

BA 7 BA 7 impI

6

BA 39

BA 39

BA 31

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 40

5

BA 31 BA 22 BA 23

4

BA 40

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cal calcar avis cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

BA 30 BA 22 BA 29 cals

sts-asc BA 26

2 BA 22 sts-h BA 29 BA 21 BA 30

BA 19

1

cal

acs

0 BA 21

BA 36 BA 37 cos

-1 its

BA 20 BA 37

-2

lots

BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

313

BA 7

BA 7

BA 7

BA 39

BA 40

BA 39 BA 31

MNI Position y = -53.54 mm AHB Position y = 50.98 mm BA 31

Gyral Pattern BA 22 BA 40

BA 23

BA 30 BA 22

BA 29

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

stripe 2

Brodmann Areas

BA 26

stripe 1 BA 22 BA 29 BA 21 BA 30 BA 19

BA 21 BA 36 BA 37

BA7 area parietalis superior BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA26 area ectosplenialis BA29 area retrolimbica granularis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis BA40 area supramarginalis

von Economo and Koskinas H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area PG angular area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23v ventral division of 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30 d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31

BA 37 BA 20

BA 20

314

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 71 Slice Nr. 4392

PHT Area parietalis basalis in limine temporali. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXX (80)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 2

PCun BA23

BA7

PA

PC

PE

PG

continuation

SMG BA40

PG

TE1

AAnG BA39

29/30

AAnG

MTG BA21

BA30

LC2-3 d31 23v

BA7

BA31

d31

BA39

stripe 2

BA29

SPL

BA31 PE

LC2-3 LC1 23v

stripe 2

CG

OcG

continuation

CG BA30

stripe 2

BA39

STG

BA40

MTG

BA22

PF

BA21

TA

TE1

continuation

ITG BA37

FuG

LgG

PHG

LgG BA36

BA20 TE2

TF

TH

H

OcG

AStr OcG BA17

PCun CG BA30 BA29 BA26 LC2-3

LC2-3 29/30

315

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms SPL

SPL

PCun cgs-mg

ips

AAnG

AAnG impI

MNI Position y = -54.92 mm AHB Position y = 52.29 mm SMG

Gyri

slf I

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

PCun slf II

sbps CG

STG fmj sts-asc cgb

ICG

slf III sstr STG OcG sts-h

Fibers cgb cingulum bundle fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

AStr OcG tp LgG acs ilf

LgG PHG

MTG ITG

cos

its

FuG

ITG lots

316

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

MTG

or

PCun

Sulci

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 72 Slice Nr. 4441

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

72 MNI: -54.92 ICL: 52.29 MCP: 37.55

BA 7

BA 7

7

cgs-mg ips BA 7

6 BA 39 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

impI

5 BA 40

BA 39

BA 40

BA 22

BA 31

4 sbps BA 23

3

BA 22

BA 30

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cals callosal sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

sts-asc

cals

2

BA 26 BA 22 BA 29 sts-h

BA 21

1

BA 17 BA 30

acs

0 BA 36 BA 21 BA 37 cos

-1 its BA 37 BA 20

-2 BA 20 lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

317

ppms

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SPL

SPL

cgs-mg PCun ips

AAnG

AAnG

impI

MNI Position y = -56.36 mm AHB Position y = 53.66 mm

SMG

slf I

Gyri AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

slf II

PCun sbps

STG

CG fmj

sts-asc slf III ICG sstr

cgb

STG OcG sts-h or

Sulci acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers cgb cingulum bundle fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

AStr PCun tp acs

ilf

LgG MTG cos

its

FuG

fus

ITG lots

318

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 73 Slice Nr. 4492

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

73 MNI: -56.36 ICL: 53.66 MCP: 38.92

BA 7

BA 7 ips

cgs-mg

7

BA 7

6 BA 39

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39 impI

BA 31

5

BA 40

4 BA 31 sbps BA 23 BA 22

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

BA 23

sts-asc

BA 30 BA 19 BA 18

2

BA 22

BA 29

sts-h BA 21 BA 17

1

BA 30 BA 18 BA 19

acs

0 BA 36 BA 21 cos

-1 BA 20

BA 37

its

fus

-2

BA 20 lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

319

BA 7

BA 7

BA 7

BA 39

BA 39 BA 31

MNI Position y = -56.33 mm AHB Position y = 53.63 mm BA 31

Gyral Pattern

BA 40

BA 22

BA 23

stripe 1

BA 22

AAnG angular gyrus CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus PStr parastriate area SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA 23 BA 30 BA 19 BA 18

BA 22

BA 29

BA 21

BA 17

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA29 area retrolimbica granularis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA36 area ectorhinalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis BA40 area supramarginalis

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 30

H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PC intermediate postcentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area PG angular area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

BA 18 BA 19 BA 36

Regions of Interest BA 37

BA 21

BA 37

BA 20 BA 20

320

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 73 Slice Nr. 4491

B. Vogt: 23v ventral division of 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30 d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31

PE(m) Area parietalis superior (magnocellularis). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXIX (69)

stripe 1

CG Gyral pattern BA23 Brodmann areas LC1 von Economo LC2-3 Regions of Interest 29/30 23v

stripe 1

PC

PA

SMG

STG BA22 TA

BA40 PF

continuation

STG

MTG

ITG

BA21

TA

BA37

TE1

TE2

BA20

TE1

TE2

continuation

ITG

FuG BA20

TE2

PE d31

AAnG BA39 PG

PE

BA22

stripe 1

BA7

continuation

SPL BA7

stripe 1

SPL

PCun BA31

TF

TH

LgG BA36 H

BA18 BA19 OB

AStr BA17 OA

OcG BA18 BA19

PCun ICG CG BA30 BA29 BA30 BA23 LC2-3 29/30

321

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms

spas

SPL

impII

cgs-mg PCun

AAnG ips

slf I

impI

MNI Position y = -57.65 mm AHB Position y = 55.02 mm

PCun

Gyri

SMG

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area CG cingulate gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

slf II

STG sbps CG

slf III

cgb

sts-asc

sstr STG OcG

or

ICG

sts-h

tp ilf

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers

AStr PCun MTG acs

LgG

cos its

FuG fus ITG lots

322

Sulci

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 74 Slice Nr. 4543

cgb cingulum bundle ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

MNI: -57.65 ICL: 55.02 MCP: 40.28

BA 7 spas

BA 7

cgs-mg

74

ips

7

BA 7

6 BA 39 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39

impI

5

BA 31

4 BA 31 sbps BA 23 BA 22

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3 sts-asc

BA 23 BA 22 BA 19 BA 18

BA 30

BA 22

2

BA 23

sts-h BA 23 BA 21

BA 17

1 BA 30 BA 19

BA 18

BA 21

acs

0 BA 36 BA 20

BA 37

BA 37

BA 37

cos

-1

its

BA 20 BA 37 fus

-2

BA 20 lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

323

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms spas

SPL

ips impII

cgs-mg

AAnG

AAnG

PCun

MNI Position y = -59.12 mm AHB Position y = 56.28 mm

AAnG

slf I

impI SPL

PCun

Gyri SM

G

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneusv SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

AAnG STG

slf II sbps ICG slf III

sts-asc

sstr

OcG

STG sts-h or PCun

Sulci acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cgs-mg cingulate sulcus, marginal part cos collateral sulcusv fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers tp

AStr

MTG

acs ilf LgG

cos

its

FuG fus

ITG lots

324

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 75 Slice Nr. 4590

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas ppms

8

75 MNI: -59.12 ICL: 56.28 MCP: 41.54

BA 7 spas

BA 7 ips

cgs-mg

7

BA 7

BA 39

6

BA 7

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39

5 impI

BA 31 BA 39

4

sbps BA 23

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cos collateral sulcus fus midfusiform sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

sts-asc BA 22 BA 22 BA 23

BA 30

BA 19

2 BA 18

BA 23

sts-h

1 BA 30

BA 17 BA 18

acs

BA 21 BA 19

0

BA 36 BA 37 cos

BA 37

BA 37

BA 20

BA 37

-1

its

fus

-2 lots

BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

325

BA 7

BA 7

BA 7

BA 7 BA 39

MNI Position y = -59.09 mm AHB Position y = 56.26 mm

BA 39

stripe 1

BA 31

Gyral Pattern AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LgG lingual gyrus (O5) MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneusv PStr parastriate area SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

BA 22

BA 39

stripe 2

BA 31 BA 23

BA 23

Brodmann Areas

stripe 3 BA 23 BA 22

BA 19

BA 30

BA 18

BA 21

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 23

H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa) PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area PG angular area PH basal (temporooccipital) parietal area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

BA 17 BA 30 BA 18 BA 19 BA 36 BA 37

BA 37

BA 37 BA 21

BA 37 BA 20

BA 20

326

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA36 area ectorhinalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 75 Slice Nr. 4589

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: 23v ventral division of 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30 d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v23 subregion of BA 23

LC1 Area cingularis posterior dorsalis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate XLVIII (48)

stripe 1

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

ICG BA31 PE

stripe 3

PCun PCun ICG BA23 BA23 LC1 LC1 d31

PCun BA23 LC1 d31

23v

BA30 LC2-3 29/30 23v

PF

BA22 TA

BA39 PG

BA22 TA

continuation

MTG BA22

TA

ITG

BA21

BA37

PH

BA20

TE1

TE2

continuation

FuG BA37 TE2

PE

STG

SMG PG

STG

BA20

PE d31

AAnG BA39 PE

stripe 3

SPL BA7 PA

continuation

SPL BA7

stripe 3

PCun BA31

BA20 TF

LgG BA37

BA36 TH

H

AStr BA19 BA18 OA OB

BA17 OC

OcG BA18 BA19 OB OA LC1

BA23

PCun BA23

BA30 LC2-3

v23

29/30

BA23 LC1 23v

d31

327

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms spas SPL

ips

AAnG

impII

SPL AAnG

MNI Position y = -60.55 mm AHB Position y = 57.65 mm

PCun SPL slf I impI

sbps

Gyri AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

slf II STG

Sulci

slf III

sts-asc

ICG STG OcG sstr PCun

sts-h or

Fibers ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

AStr tp

acs

SLG ils

MTG

ilf

ILG cos its

FuG

lots

328

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

ITG

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 76 Slice Nr. 4641

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

MNI: -60.55 ICL: 57.65 MCP: 42.91

ppms

BA 7

76

spas

BA 7 ips

7 impII

BA 39

6 BA 7 BA 39

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 impI BA 39

BA 31

4 sbps BA 23

BA 22

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus fus midfusiform sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

sts-asc BA 31

BA 23

BA 37

BA 19

2

BA 22 sts-h

BA 30

BA 18

BA 22

1

BA 17

BA 30 BA 17 BA 18 acs

BA 21

BA 19 BA 36

ils

0

BA 19 BA 37

cos

BA 37

BA 21

BA 37

-1

its

BA 20 BA 37

fus

lots

BA 20

-2

BA 20

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

329

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

ppms spas

SPL

ips

SPL

AAnG impII

SPL

PCun AAnG SPL

MNI Position y = -61.88 mm AHB Position y = 58.91 mm

prcus slf I PCun

PA n

Gyri

impI

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

G

slf II

sbps

slf III

PAn G

STG ICG

sts-asc

sstr PCun

STG sts-h

OcG or

Sulci acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus prcus precuneal sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

AStr acs

tp

SLG

ilf MTG

ils

ILG

cos its FuG

ITG lots

330

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 77 Slice Nr. 4688

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

77 MNI: -61.88 ICL: 58.91 MCP: 44.17

ppms BA 7 spas

BA 7 ips

7 BA 39

impII

6

BA 7 BA 7

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

BA 39

prculs

BA 31

impI

4

BA 22 sbps

BA 23

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

sts-asc BA 31

BA 19

BA 37

2 BA 22

BA 30

BA 23

sts-h

BA 18 BA 22

BA 30

BA 17

BA 21

1

BA 17

BA 18 acs BA 36

BA 19

BA 37 ils

0

BA 19 BA 21

BA 37

BA 37

cos

-1

its BA 20

BA 37

-2

lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

331

BA 7

BA 7

BA 39

BA 7 BA 7 BA 39

MNI Position y = -61.96 mm AHB Position y = 58.99 mm

stripe 1 Gyral Pattern

BA 31

BA 22

BA 23

stripe 3

BA 23

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ICG isthmus of cingulate gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus PStr parastriate area SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

Brodmann Areas BA 31

BA 19

BA 37 BA 22

BA 30 BA 23

BA 18 BA 22

BA 21

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA30 area retrolimbica agranularis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA36 area ectorhinalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

von Economo and Koskinas BA 30 BA 17

H hippocampal area LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa) PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area PG angular area PH basal (temporooccipital) parietal area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

BA 17

BA 18

stripe 4 BA 19

stripe 2

BA 36

BA 37

BA 19

BA 37

BA 21 BA 37

B. Vogt: 23v ventral division of 23 29/30 BA 29 and BA30 d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v23 subregion of BA 23 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

BA 20

BA 37

332

Regions of Interest

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 77 Slice Nr. 4691

PE(p) Area parietalis superior (parvocellularis). von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXX (70)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 4

PF

BA39 TA

PG

ICG BA23 LC2-3 23v

PCun BA23 LC1

SPL

LC1 d31

SLG LC2-3

AStr

BA19 BA18 OB OA

OcG BA18 OB OA

BA17 OC

23v

PCun

SPL

BA31

BA7 PA

PE

PE

d31

AAnG

STG

BA39 PE

PH

BA30 LC2-3 29/30 23v

PAnG BA7

BA21

PG

ILG BA19 OA

STG BA22

stripe 4

continuation

SPL

stripe 4

AAnG BA39

stripe 3

continuation

OcG BA23 BA18 BA19 BA31 LC1 OA v31 v23 v31 v23

stripe 4

stripe 2

PAnG BA22

PG

TA

MTG BA37

PH

TA

BA22

BA21 TE1 PH

PH

continuation

BA37

MTG BA21 TE2

ITG BA37 TF

FuG BA20 TH

SLG BA36

BA37 H

BA19 OA

333

ppms

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci spas

SPL

ips

impII SPL

PCun

AAnG

prcus AAnG

MNI Position y = -63.34 mm AHB Position y = 60.30 mm Gyri

impI slf I

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

sbps slf II

PA n

G

STG

sts-asc

slf III PCun OcG STG

sstr OcG

sts-h AStr

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms parietal paramidline sulcus prcus precuneal sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers

or

AStr acs MTG

tp SLG ilf ils ILG

cos its FuG

ITG lots

334

Sulci

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 78 Slice Nr. 4740

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

ppms BA 7

78 MNI: -63.34 ICL: 60.30 MCP: 45.56

spas

BA 7

7

ips

BA 39

impII

6

BA 7

prculs

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39

5

impI BA 31

4 sbps BA 22

sts-asc

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ppms posterior paramidline sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

3

BA 23 BA 31

BA 19

BA 23

2

BA 37

BA 18

BA 22 BA 22

BA 23

sts-h BA 21

BA 17

BA 30

1

BA 17 BA 18

acs

BA 19

BA 36

0

ils

BA 37 BA 19

cos

BA 37

BA 37

BA 21

-1

its BA 20 BA 37 BA 37

-2

lots

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

335

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

spas SPL

ips

PCun

prcus SPL

impII AAnG

MNI Position y = -64.78 mm AHB Position y = 61.62 mm

PAnG

AAnG

sbps

Gyri AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

slf I

slf II

STG PAnG

PCun

sts-asc

Sulci acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus prcus precuneal sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

slf III STG OcG

sstr

sts-h

AStr

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

or

AStr acs

tp

SLG

MTG

ilf

ils

ILG

its

cos

FuG ITG lots

336

Fibers

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 79 Slice Nr. 4789



Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

79 MNI: -64.78 ICL: 61.62 MCP: 46.88

spas BA 7 BA 7

7

ips

BA 39

6 prculs impII BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 39

BA 31 sbps

4 BA 22

BA 23

BA 39

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

sts-asc

BA 22

3

BA 31 BA 19 BA 23

BA 22

BA 18 BA 37

BA 17

sts-h

BA 21

BA 17 acs

2

1

BA 18

BA 36

BA 19 ils

0 BA 37 BA 19

BA 21 BA 37

cos

BA 37

its

-1

BA 20 BA 37

lots

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

337

BA 7

stripe 1

BA 7

BA 39

stripe 2 BA 31

MNI Position y = -64.83 mm AHB Position y = 61.72 mm

BA 39

Gyral Pattern AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

BA 22 BA 39 BA 23

Brodmann Areas BA 22

BA 31 BA 19

BA 22

BA 18 BA 37

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 17 BA 23 BA 17

BA 21

BA 18

stripe 3 BA 36

BA 19

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA20 area temporalis inferior BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA36 area ectorhinalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area LC2-3 posterior and limitans cingulate area OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa) PA pyramidal post- and paracentral area PE superior parietal area PF supramarginal area PG angular area PH basal (temporooccipital) parietal area TA superior temporal area TE1 middle temporal area proper TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Regions of Interest BA 37 BA 21

BA 19 BA 37

BA 37

BA 20 BA 37

338

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 79 Slice Nr. 4793

B. Vogt: d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v23 subregion of BA 23 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

PHP Area parietalis basalis im limine parietali von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXVIII (78)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern PCun BA7 Brodmann areas PA von Economo PE Regions of Interest

stripe 2

AAnG

SLG BA19 BA18 OA OB

BA39 PG

AStr BA17

OcG BA19 OA LC1

BA18

OC

OB

PCun BA31

BA23

PE

LC1 v31

stripe 3

LC2-3 v23

BA31 LC1 v31

BA7 PE

d31

continuation

PCun

SPL

PAnG

BA7

AAnG

STG

BA39

PE

stripe 3

PCun BA7 PE

stripe 3

STG AAnG

BA39 BA22 PG PF TA

SPL

PAnG

BA22

PG

BA39

TA

MTG

BA22

BA37

PG

PH

continuation

MTG BA21

BA37 PH

TE1

ITG BA37 TE2

FuG BA20

BA37 TF

TH

ILG BA19 OA

SLG BA36

BA37 TH

BA19 OA

339

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

spas

SPL

SPL PCun

ips

prcus AAnG PAnG

impII

MNI Position y = -66.13 mm AHB Position y = 62.96 mm sbps

Gyri

AAnG slf I

AAnG

STG

slf II PCun

sts-asc

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

Sulci PAnG slf III STG

OcG AStr

sstr

sts-h

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus prcus precuneal sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending branch sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers AStr

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

or

acs

MTG tp

SLG ils

ilf

its

ILG

cos

FuG ITG lots

340

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 80 Slice Nr. 4839

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

MNI: -66.13 ICL: 62.96 MCP: 48.22

spas BA 7

80

BA 7

7 ips

prculs

6

BA 39 BA 7

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

impII

5 BA 39

sbps

BA 31

4

BA 39

BA 7

BA 22

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impII second intermediate parietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending posterior segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

sts-asc BA 31

3 BA 22

BA 23 BA 22 BA 23 BA 19

2

BA 18

BA 17

sts-h

BA 37

BA 17 acs

1 BA 18 BA 21 BA 19 BA 36

ils

BA 19 BA 18

0

BA 19 its

BA 37

cos BA 37

-1

BA 20

BA 37 lots

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

341

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

spas SPL

PCun SPL

ips-h impIII

prcus

sbps

nG PA

MNI Position y = -67.45 mm AHB Position y = 64.21 mm

AAnG

PA n slf I

Gyri

AAnG

G

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

PO

c-a

slf II PCun PAnG STG

Sulci PCun

slf III sts-h

AStr

OcG sstr MTG

acs

Fibers

AStr or

MTG SLG tp ils

ILG-m

ilf its

ILG-l

ITG

cos FuG

ITG

IOG ptcs

342

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus prcus precuneal sulcus ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subpavrietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 81 Slice Nr. 4886

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

MNI: -67.45 ICL: 64.21 MCP: 49.47

spas BA 7

81

BA 7

7 ips-h prculs BA 39

6 BA 7

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 sbps

BA 39

BA 39

4

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus spas superior parietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

BA 39 BA 31

3 BA 31 BA 22 BA 19

BA 18

sts-h BA 23

2

BA 37

BA 17

acs

BA 37 BA 17

1 BA 21

BA 19

BA 18

BA 19

ils

BA 36 BA 18

BA 18

0

BA 19 its BA 37 BA 37

cos

BA 37

-1

BA 37

lots

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

343

BA 7 BA 7

BA 7 BA 39

BA 39

MNI Position y = -67.53 mm AHB Position y = 64.30 mm

BA 31

Gyral Pattern AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

BA 39 BA 39

BA 31

Brodmann Areas

BA 22

BA 23

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA36 area ectorhinalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

BA 23 BA 19

BA 18

BA 37 BA 17

BA 37

von Economo and Koskinas

stripe 1

BA 17

BA 21

BA 19 BA 36

BA 18 BA 19

BA 18

BA 18

Regions of Interest

BA 19 BA 37 BA 37 BA 37

BA 37

344

LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa) PE superior parietal area PG angular area PH basal (temporooccipital) parietal area TA superior temporal area TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area TH hippocampotemporal area

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 81 Slice Nr. 4889

B. Vogt: d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v23 subregion of BA 23 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

PG Area angularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXVI (76)

Photo taken from neighbouring section

stripe 1

Gyral pattern SLG Brodmann areas BA18 von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

AStr BA17 OC

OcG BA18 OB

PCun BA19 OA

BA31 PE v31

BA23 LC1 v23 v31

BA31 PE d31

continuation

PCun

SPL

BA31

PAnG

BA7

AAnG

STG

BA39

PE

BA22

PG

TA

AAnG

PAnG

BA39

MTG BA37

PG

PH

d31

stripe 1

BA37

continuation

MTG BA21 PH

ITG

FuG BA37

TE2

TF

ILG-l BA19 TH OA

ILG-m SLG BA36 BA19 BA18 BA18 BA18 BA19 OB OC TH OB OA OA

345

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL ips-h impIII PAnG PCun SPL

AAnG

sbps

MNI Position y = -68.91 mm AHB Position y = 65.64 mm Gyri

AAnG slf I

PO

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

AAnG

c-a

PCun PAnG slf II

STG

Sulci

TOTZ slf III

PCun

sts-h AStr OcG

MTG

acs

sstr

Fibers

AStr or SLG MTG ils

tp ILG-m ilf

its ILG-l ITG cos FuG ptcs

ptcs

IOG ITG ptcs

346

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 82 Slice Nr. 4939

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

82 MNI: -68.91 ICL: 65.64 MCP: 50.90

BA 7

7 ips-h

BA 39

BA 7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

sbps

5 BA 39

BA 31 BA 39 BA 39

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

4

3

BA 31 BA 22 BA 37

BA 19

sts-h BA 23

BA 37 BA 17

acs

2

BA 18

BA 17

1 BA 21 BA 18 ils

BA 19 BA 19

BA 18

0 its BA 37 BA 37

cos

BA 37

-1

lots

BA 37

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

347

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL

SPL

ips-h impIII

PAnG PCun

SPL

AAnG sbps

MNI Position y = -70.38 mm AHB Position y = 67.00 mm POc-

a

Gyri AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

POc-a slf I

PAnG

PCun slf II STG TOTZ pof

PCun

Sulci

OcG

sts-h

slf III MTG

acs

AStr sstr

MTG

acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

AStr

Fibers or

MTG

SLG ils tp ITG

ilf ILG-m

its

ILG-l

ptcs

cos FuG

ptcs

ITG

IOG

ptcs

348

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 83 Slice Nr. 4990

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

83 MNI: -70.38 ICL: 67.00 MCP: 52.26

7

BA 7 ips-h BA 7 BA 39

6

BA 7

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

sbps

5

BA 39 BA 39

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

4

BA 39

BA 31

3

BA 22

BA 31 BA 19 BA 18

sts-h

BA 37

BA 23 BA 19

2

BA 37

BA 17

acs BA 17

1 BA 18 ils BA 21

BA 37

0

BA 19

BA 18

its

cos

BA 37

-1

BA 37

lots BA 37

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

349

BA 7

BA 7 BA 39

BA 7

MNI Position y = -70.29 mm AHB Position y = 66.92 mm

BA 39

Gyral Pattern

BA 39

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

BA 39

BA 31

BA 22

BA 31 BA 19

BA 37

Brodmann Areas

BA 18

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA21 area temporalis media BA22 area temporalis superior BA23 area cingularis posterior ventralis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

BA 23

BA 19 BA 37

BA 17

BA 17

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 21

stripe 1

BA 18

BA 37 BA 18

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

BA 19

BA 37

BA 37 BA 37

350

LC1 dorsal posterior cingulate area OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa) PE superior parietal area PG angular area PH basal (temporooccipital) parietal area TA superior temporal area TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 83 Slice Nr. 4987

OC Area striata (fundus fissurae calcarinae ) von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXVIII (88a)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

Photo taken from neighbouring section

stripe 1

AStr BA17 OC

OB

OcG BA18

PCun BA31

BA19 OA

OB

PE v31

SPL

POc-a

PAnG

OA

OC

SPL BA23 LC1

BA31

BA7 PE

d31

AAnG

BA39

STG

AAnG

BA22

PE

PG

TA

TOTZ

PAnG

BA39

BA37 PG

MTG

PH

continuation

MTG

ITG

BA37 PH

OB

continuation

BA7

stripe 1

SLG BA18

continuation

SLG BA18

stripe 1

ILG-m

PG

BA21 PH

TE2

IOG BA37 PH

FuG TE2

TF

PH

ILG-l BA19 OA

ILG-m BA18 OB

351

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL impIII

PAnG PCun

ips-h

AAnG

PCun

sbps

AAnG SPL

MNI Position y = -71.76 mm AHB Position y = 68.37 mm Gyri

POc-

a

POc-a

slf I

PCun

PAnG

slf II

STG

TOTZ PCun

pof

sts-h

OcG

*Cp

slf III

Sulci

MTG

AStr

acs

TOTZ AStr

sstr MTG

acs calcarine sulcus, central part cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers

SLG

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

or ils tp ilf its

ITG

ILG-m

ILG-l

ptcs

FuG

ITG

cos FuG-p ptcs IOG ptcs

352

*Cp cuneal point AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 84 Slice Nr. 5041

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

84 MNI: -71.76 ICL: 68.37 MCP: 53.63

7 ips-h

BA 7

6

BA 39

BA 7

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

sbps BA 7

5 BA 7 BA 39

BA 39

BA 39

BA 31

acs anterior calcarine sulcus cos collateral sulcus ils intralingual sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

4

BA 7

BA 31

BA 22

3 BA 19

BA 37 sts-h

BA 18 BA 19

acs

2

BA 17 BA 37

BA 17

1 BA 18 ils BA 21 BA 37 its

0

BA 18

BA 19 BA 37 cos

-1

BA 37

lots BA 37

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

353

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL ips-h

impIII

PAnG PCun

SPL

AAnG

sbps

AAnG

MNI Position y = -73.19 mm AHB Position y = 69.68 mm

PCun

c-a

POc-a

Gyri

PO

PAnG

slf I

STG PAnG

slf II

sts-h

PCun

pof

MTG

OcG

Sulci

TOTZ

slf III *CP

sts

AStr

cs-c sstr

AStr

MTG

SLG

ils

tp its ilf

ITG

ptcs

ILG-l

ITG FuG cos FuG-p ptcs

ITG IOG ios

354

cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ils intralingual sulcus impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers

or ILG-m

*CP cuneal point AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

ptcs

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 85 Slice Nr. 5090

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

85 MNI: -73.19 ICL: 69.68 MCP: 54.94

7

BA 7 ips-h

6 BA 39

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

sbps

5

BA 7 BA 7

BA 7

BA 39

BA 39

4 BA 7

BA 39

BA 31

cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ils intralingual sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

BA 22

BA 31

3

sts-h BA 37 BA 19 BA 18 pof

BA 19

2

BA 17

cs-c

BA 37 BA 17

1

BA 18 ils BA 37 its

0 BA 18 BA 19 BA 37 cos

-1

BA 37 lots BA 37 ptcs

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

355

BA 7

BA 39

BA 7 BA 7

stripe 2

BA 7

stripe 1

BA 39

MNI Position y = -73.22 mm AHB Position y = 69.71 mm

BA 39 BA 39

Gyral Pattern AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area CuP cuneal point FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

BA 7

BA 22 BA 31 BA 31 BA 37

BA 19

Brodmann Areas

BA 18 BA 19 BA 17 BA 37

BA 17

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA22 area temporalis superior BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA38 area temporopolaris BA39 area angularis

von Economo and Koskinas OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa) PE superior parietal area PG angular area PH basal (temporooccipital) parietal area TA superior temporal area TE2 inferior temporal area proper TF fusiform area

stripe 3

BA 18

BA 37

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

BA 18 BA 19 BA 37 BA 37

BA 37

356

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 85 Slice Nr. 5091

Cunei gyrus sagittalis medius; OA1 Area peristriata. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXIII (83)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

AAnG BA39 PG

stripe 2

STG BA22 TA

AAnG BA39 PG

PCun

APOc-a

PCun BA31 BA7

BA7 PE

d31

stripe 3

ILG-m

SLG

AStr BA17

BA18 OB

OcG BA18 OB

OC

PCun BA19

BA7

SPL BA31 PE

OA v31

stripe 3

SPL

POc-a BA39

AAnG

PAnG

TOTZ

BA39

MTGTOTZ

MTG

ITG

BA37

OA

PG

PH

PG

continuation

ITG PH

PAnG

BA7

PE

PG

d31

continuation

BA7

stripe 3

BA7

MTG PG

ITG BA37 PH

TE2

IOG PH

TE2

FuG-p PH

FuG TE2

TF

PH

ILG-l BA19 OA

ILG-m BA18 OB

357

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL ips-h PCun

PAnG

AAnG SPL sbps

AAnG

MNI Position y = -74.57 mm AHB Position y = 71.00 mm

PAnG POc-a PAnG

Gyri

PCun STG POc-a

PAnG

slf I

PCun

sts-h

slf II

MTG

pof

Sulci

TOTZ

OcG AStr slf III

cs-c

sts

MTG sstr AStr

or

tp ILG-m

its IOG ilf ILG-l IOG FuG ITG FuG FuG-p

cos FuG-p

ITG

ptcs IOG ios

358

cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ils intralingual sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers

SLG ils

ILG-m ILG-l

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

ptcs

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 86 Slice Nr. 5139

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

86 MNI: -74.57 ICL: 71.00 MCP: 56.26

7 BA 7

ips-h BA 39

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

sbps

5 BA 7

BA 7 BA 7 BA 39

4

BA 7 BA 39

cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ils intralingual sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

BA 31

BA 39 BA 31

pof

BA 37

sts-h

3

BA 19

BA 18 BA 19

BA 17

cs-c

2

BA 17

BA 37

1

BA 18 ils

its BA 18

BA 37 BA 18

0

BA 19 BA 37 BA 37

-1 cos lots

BA 37 ptcs ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

359

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL ips-h

PCun

PAnG

AAnG

SPL sbps PANG

MNI Position y = -76.04 mm AHB Position y = 72.39 mm

POc-a

Gyri AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

PAnG PCun prculs

sts-h PAnG slf I

POc-a PCun

slf II pof

Sulci

TOTZ

OcG slf III AStr cs-c

sts TOTZ

sstr

AStr

MTG

SLG or ils tp

its ILG-m

ilf

IOG

ITG FuG

IOG

FuG-p

ILG-l

FuG cos

ITG FuG-p IOG ios

360

ptcs

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 87 Slice Nr. 5191

cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ils intralingual sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fibers ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

87 MNI: -76.04 ICL: 72.39 MCP: 57.65

7 BA 7

ips-h

6 BA 7

BA 39 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39 sbps

5 BA 7

BA 39

BA 7

BA 7

4

BA 39

BA 31 prculs BA 37

BA 31

sts-h

3

BA 39

BA 19

cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ils intralingual sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

pof BA 18

BA 37

BA 17

2

BA 19

cs-c

sts

BA 37

BA 17

1

BA 18 ils

its

BA 18 BA 37

0

BA 19

BA 37

BA 37

-1

BA 37 cos BA 37 ptcs ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

361

BA 7

BA 7 BA 39

BA 7

BA 7

stripe 2

BA 39

BA 39

BA 7

MNI Position y = -76.01 mm AHB Position y = 72.36 mm BA 7

Gyral Pattern

BA 39

AAnG angular gyrus AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

BA 31

BA 37

BA 39

BA 19

BA 31

BA 18

BA 17

Brodmann Areas

BA 37

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

BA 19

von Economo and Koskinas

1

BA 37

stripe

BA 18 BA 17

peristriate area parastriate area striate area (granulosa) superior parietal area angular area basal (temporooccipital) parietal area inferior temporal area proper

Regions of Interest

stripe 3

B. Vogt: d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

BA 37 BA 18

BA 19

BA 37

BA 37

BA 37 BA 37

362

OA OB OC PE PG PH TE2

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 87 Slice Nr. 5190

PHO Area parietalis basalis in limine occipitali. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXIX (79)

stripe 1

MTG

ITG

BA37

BA37

PG

PH

PG

SLG

AStr BA17 OC

TE2

PH

Photo taken from neighbouring section

stripe 2

PCun

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

stripe 3

SPL BA7

PE

BA18 OB

BA31 PE d31

continuation

AStr

OcG

BA17

PCun

BA18

OC

OB

BA19

POc-a BA31

PAnG

BA7

OA

AAnG

BA39

PE v31

stripe 3

ILG-m

PCun BA39

OA

PG

d31

continuation

AAnG

PAnG

TOTZ

BA39 PG

IOG BA37

ITG PH

IOG TE2

FuG-p

FuG PH

ILG-l BA19 OA

ILG-m BA18 OB

363

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ips-h

SPL

PCun

PAnG

AAnG

sbps PAnG POc-a

MNI Position y = -77.42 mm AHB Position y = 73.62 mm Gyri AStr striate area AAnG anterior angular gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

angs prculs

POc-a

PAnG

sts-h

PCun

PCun

TOTZ

slf I slf II

pof

Sulci

OcG

slf III

AStr cs-c

TOTZ sts

sstr AStr

SLG

Fibers MTG

IOG

or ils tp

its

ilf ITG

ILG-m IOG

FuG

ILG-l

ITG cos

FuG-p IOG ptcs ios

364

angs angular sulcus cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ils intralingual sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment (sts-2)

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 88 Slice Nr. 5237

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

88 MNI: -77.42 ICL: 73.62 MCP: 58.88

7 ips-h

BA 7

BA 39

6

BA 7 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

sbps

5 BA 7 BA 7 BA 39

4

BA 7 angs

BA 31 prculs

BA 37

angs angular sulcus cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ils intralingual sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal posterior segment

sts-h

3 BA 19

BA 31

BA 39

pof BA 18 BA 17

2

BA 19

cs-c

BA 37 sts

1

BA 17

BA 37 BA 18

ils its

0 BA 18

BA 37

-1

BA 19 BA 37 cos BA 37 ptcs ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

365

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ips-h

SPL

PAnG

PCun

sbps

PAnG APOc-a

MNI Position y = -78.77 mm AHB Position y = 75.12 mm Gyri angs

prculs

AStr striate area APOc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

PAnG

APOc-a

aos-d PCun PCun

TOTZ slf I

pof

slf II

Sulci

OcG

AStr

slf III

cs-c

TOTZ sts sstr

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

Fibers SLG MTG

AStr

or IOG its

tp

ilf ITG

ILG-m IOG

ILG-l FuG ITG

cos

FuG-p

IOG ptcs ios

366

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 89 Slice Nr. 5293

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

89 MNI: -78.77 ICL: 75.12 MCP: 60.38

7 BA 7

ips-h

6 BA 39 BA 7 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

sbps

BA 7 BA 7 BA 39

4

BA 19

BA 31

angs

prculs

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus ptcs posterior transverse collateral sulcus sbps subparietal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

BA 37 aos-d

3 BA 31

BA 19

pof BA 18

2

BA 17 cs-c

BA 19

BA 37

BA 17

sts

1 BA 37 BA 18 its

0

BA 37

BA 18 BA 37

-1

BA 19 cos

BA 37 ptcs ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

367

BA 7

BA 39

stripe 2

BA 7

BA 7 BA 7 BA 39

MNI Position y = -78.12 mm AHB Position y = 74.37 mm BA 19

Gyral Pattern

BA 31

AStr striate area APOc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyri PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SLG superior lingual gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

BA 7 BA 37

BA 31 BA 19

Brodmann Areas BA 18

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

BA 17 BA 19

BA 17

BA 37

von Economo and Koskinas

stripe 3

stripe 1 BA 37

peristriate area parastriate area striate area (granulosa) superior parietal area angular area basal (temporooccipital) parietal area

Regions of Interest BA 18

B. Vogt: d31 dorsal subregion of BA 31 v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

BA 37

BA 18 BA 37

BA 19 BA 37

368

OA OB OC PE PG PH

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 89 Slice Nr. 5265

PE(gamma) Area parietalis superior gigantopyramidalis von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXI (71)

Photo taken from neighbouring section

stripe 1

Gyral pattern ITG Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 3

stripe 2

MTG BA37

ITG BA37 PH

PCun

SPL BA7

PCun BA31 PE d31

PE

PG

BA7

AStr BA17 OC

continuation

AStr

OcG

BA17

PCun

BA18

OC

OB

APOc-a

BA19

BA31

PAnG

BA7

OA

BA19

PE v31

stripe 3

stripe 3

BA39 OA

PG

d31

continuation

PAnG

TOTZ

BA39 PG

IOG BA37

ITG

IOG PH

FuG-p

FuG

ILG-l BA19 OA

ILG-m BA18 OB

SLG

AStr BA17 OC

369

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ips-h

SPL

PAnG

PAnG

APOc-a PCun

prculs

MNI Position y = -82.26 mm AHB Position y = 78.31 mm

PAnG

Gyri

angs APOc-a PAnG PCun

pof

aos-d

OcG

MOG slf I

MOG

Sulci

TOTZ

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus

OcG slf II

AStr cs-c

slf III MOG

sstr

Fibers ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II superior longitudinal fascicle II, central comp. slf III superior longitudinal fascicle III, vent. comp. sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

AStr MTG or its tp

ILG-m

ITG

ilf

IOG ILG-l

ILG-m AStr FuG

ITG

AStr ILG-l cos

FuG-p

IOG

ios

370

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 90 Slice Nr. 5412

AStr striate area APOc-a Arcus parieto-occipitalis, ant. division FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part ITG inferior temporal gyrus IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

90 MNI: -82.26 ICL: 78.31 MCP: 63.57

7

ips-h

6 BA 39

BA 7 BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 BA 7 BA 39

BA 7

4

BA 7 prculs

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment its inferior temporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus

angs BA 37 aos-d

BA 31

pof

3

BA 19 BA 18 BA 19

2 BA 17 BA 37 cs-c sts

BA 17

1

BA 37 its

0 BA 18

BA 18

BA 17

BA 17

BA 37

BA 37

-1

BA 19 cos ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

371

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SPL

PAnG prculs

ips-h

POc-p

prculs ppa

PAnG

MNI Position y = -85.10 mm AHB Position y = 80.99 mm

angs pof

Gyri OcG PAnG MOG aos-d MOG TOTZ

slf I

OcG

AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division SPL superior parietal lobule TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

Sulci angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal lg-p lingual sulcus, posterior ramus los lateral occipital sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure ppa posterior marginal parietal sulcus (Vogt) prculs precuneal limiting sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior part

POc-p AStr cs-c slf II/III

sstr

Fibers or

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle or optic radiation slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II/III superior longitudinal fascicle II/III sstr sagittal stratum tp tapetum

MOG

AStr tp

ilf ILG-m

los

ILG-m

IOG

ITG FuG

AStr ILG-l rcs-i

lg-p cos

IOG FuG-p ios

372

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 91 Slice Nr. 5512

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

91 MNI: -85.10 ICL: 80.99 MCP: 66.25

7

6 BA 7 prculs

ips-h

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

BA 39

5 BA 7

BA 39

4

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment lg-p lingual sulcus, posterior ramus los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, lower branch

BA 7 angs pof BA 31

3

BA 37 BA 18

BA 19

aos-d

BA 19 BA 19

2 BA 37

BA 17 cs-c

1 BA 37

BA 17 BA 17

BA 19 los BA 18

BA 18

0 BA 37

BA 17

-1 BA 19

rcs-i lg-p

BA 37

cos ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

373

BA 7

stripe 1 BA 39

BA 7 BA 39

MNI Position y = -83.78 mm AHB Position y = 79.76 mm

BA 7

Gyral Pattern

BA 31

AStr striate area FuG fusiform gyrus FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone

BA 37

BA 19

BA 18

BA 19

Brodmann Areas

BA 19

BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA31 area cingularis posterior dorsalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

BA 37

BA 17

von Economo and Koskinas

BA 37

BA 17 BA 17

OA OB OC PE PG PH

e

p tri

s

BA 17

stripe 3

stripe 4

BA 37

BA 18

BA 18

BA 17 BA 19 BA 37

374

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 91 Slice Nr. 5466

2

BA 37

peristriate area parastriate area striate area (granulosa) superior parietal area angular area basal (temporooccipital) parietal area

Regions of Interest B. Vogt: v31 ventral subregion of BA 31

OA1 Area peristriata. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXII (82)

stripe 1

MTG

POc-p BA7 PE

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 4

stripe 2

ITG BA37 PG

stripe 4

AStr BA17 OC

ILG-m BA18 OC

OcG BA18 OB

OA

continuation

OcG

POc-p

BA18

stripe 3

BA19

BA7

MOG

BA31

OA

BA7

PAnG

BA19

PE

BA39

MOG BA19

BA37

OA

PG

v31

stripe 4

MOG BA19

continuation

TOTZ

MOG

IOG

ITG

IOG

BA37 PG

OA

PH

FuG-p

FuG

ILG-l BA19 OA

AStr

ILG-m BA18 OB

BA17 OC

375

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ips-h POc-p PAnG

angs prculs

culs

pof

sss

MSG

SOG-m

MNI Position y = -87.89 mm AHB Position y = 83.67 mm

PAnG

Gyri AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part MOG medial occipital gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division

aos-d

POc-p

Sulci

MOG

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part culs cuneal limiting sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment lg-p lingual sulcus, posterior ramus los lateral occipital sulcus (lunate ?) pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior part sss superior sagittal sulcus (vEconomo/Koskinas)

slf I MOG

AStr cs-c

slf II/III

Fibers

AStr

ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II/III superior longitudinal fascicle II/III sstr sagittal stratum

sstr

MOG los ilf

ILG-m

ILG-m

IOG AStr rcs-i

ILG-l lg-p

FuG-p cos

376

ios

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 92 Slice Nr. 5612

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

92 MNI: -87.89 ICL: 83.67 MCP: 68.93

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

ips-h BA 7

5

BA 39

prculs

angs BA 7

BA 39

4

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment lg-p lingual sulcus, posterior ramus los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, lower branch sss superior sagittal sulcus

pof sss BA 37 BA 18

BA 19

3 aos-d

BA 19

BA 19

BA 19

2

BA 17

BA 37

cs-c

1

BA 17 BA 17 BA 19 los

0 BA 18 BA 18 BA 19

-1

BA 37

BA 17 BA 19

rcs-i lg-p

cos

ios

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

377

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci ips-h POc-p

PAnG

prculs

angs

pof culs PAnG SOG-m aos-d

sss

MNI Position y = -90.73 mm AHB Position y = 86.38 mm

MSG

Gyri MOG

AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part MOG medial occipital gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division

MOG

POc-p

Sulci

slf I iss

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcus, dorsal segment culs cuneal limiting sulcus cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment iss inferior sagittal sulcus lg-p lingual sulcus, posterior ramus los lateral occipital sulcus pof pariero-occipital sulcus (posterior ramus) prculs percuneal limiting sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior part sss superior sagittal sulcus

AStr

slf II/III MOG

sstr

Fibers ilf inferior longitudinal fascicle slf I superior longitudinal fascicle I, dorsal comp. slf II/III superior longitudinal fascicle II/III sstr sagittal stratum

cs-c ilf

los

AStr

ILG-l IOG

rcs-i

AStr

ILG-m

FuG-p lg-p

378

ios

cos

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 93 Slice Nr. 5713

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

93 MNI: -90.73 ICL: 86.38 MCP: 71.64

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

ips-h BA 7 angs

prculs

BA 39

pof

4

angs angular sulcus aos-d anterior occipital sulcis, dorsal segment cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. ios inferior occipital sulcus ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment iss inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) lg-p lingual sulcus, posterior ramus los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure prculs precuneal limiting sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, lower branch sss superior sagittal sulcus

BA 19 aos-d

sss

3

BA 18 BA 19 BA 19 BA 19

2 BA 17

iss

1 BA 19

cs-c

los

0 BA 19

BA 17

BA 18

-1

BA 37 BA 17 rcs-i

BA 19 lg-p

ios

cos

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

379

BA 7

BA 39

BA 19

MNI Position y = -89.35 mm AHB Position y = 85.07 mm Gyral Pattern

BA 18

AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part MOG medial occipital gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division

BA 19

BA 19

BA 19

Brodmann Areas BA7 area parietalis superior BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis BA37 area occipito-temporalis BA39 area angularis

von Economo and Koskinas OA OB OC PE PG PH

BA 17

peristriate area parastriate area striate area (granulosa) superior parietal area angular area basal (temporooccipital) parietal area

Regions of Interest BA 19

stripe 1

BA 17

BA 19

BA 18

BA 17 BA 37 BA 19

380

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 93 Slice Nr. 5664

-

OA2(m) Area peristriata anterior magnocellularis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXI (81)

stripe 1

AStr

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

stripe 1

SOG-m

BA18

OC

POc-p BA19

OB

BA7

OA

PE

continuation

POc-p BA7 PE

MSG

BA17

MOG BA19 OA

PAnG BA39

IOG

MOG BA19 PG

OA

PG

FuG-p

BA37 OA

PH

BA19 OA

ILG-l ILG-m BA18 OB

AStr BA17 OC

381

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci pof POc-p sos culs PAnG SOG-m

sss

MNI Position y = -93.55 mm AHB Position y = 89.03 mm

MSG

Gyri POc-p

AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part GDe gyrus descendens ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lateral part SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part

MOG tos MOG

iss SOG-l

Sulci

MOG

SOG-l

MOG AStr

culs cuneal limiting sulcus cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part ios inferior occipital sulcus iss inferior sagittal sulcus los lateral occipital sulcus pof parietooccipital sulcus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior part sos superior occipital sulcus sss superior sagittval sulcus tos transverse occipital sulcus

MOG

Fibers

GDe

-

SOG-l los

cs-c

AStr

IOG

ILG-l rcs-i AStr

ios

ILG-m

cos

382

FuG-p

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 94 Slice Nr. 5812

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

94 MNI: -93.55 ICL: 89.03 MCP: 74.29

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5 pof

BA 7 sos

culs BA 39

4

angs

BA 19

angs angular sulcus cos collateral sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central p. culs cuneal limiting sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus iss inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, lower branch sos superior occipital sulcus sss superior sagittal sulcus tos transverse occipital sulcus

BA 19 sss

3 BA 18

tos iss

2

BA 19 BA 17

BA 18

BA 19 BA 19

1

los

0 cs-c BA 17

BA 19 BA 18

-1 rcs-i

BA 17 ios BA 19 cos

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

383

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci culs

tos-m POc-p tos SOG-m

sss

MOG

MNI Position y = -96.33 mm AHB Position y = 91.71 mm

tos-m

l sto

SOG-l

MSG

Gyri AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part GDe gyrus descendens ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lateral part SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part

tos

Sulci cos collateral sulcus culs cuneal limiting sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus iss inferior sagittal sulcus los lateral occipital sulcus (lunate ?) rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, superior part sss superior sagittal sulcus tos transverse occipital sulcus tos-l transverse occipital sulcus, lateral part tos-m transverse occipital sulcus, medial part

SOG-l

MOG

GDe

Fibers

AStr

-

los SOG-l

iss

IOG AStr

rcs-s

AStr

IOG

AStr

ios

FuG-p ILG-l cos

384

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 95 Slice Nr. 5912

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

95 MNI: -96.33 ICL: 91.71 MCP: 76.97

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

pof

cos collateral sulcus culs cuneal limiting sulcus ios inferior occipital sulcus iss inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus pof parieto-occipital fissure rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, upper branch sss superior sagittal sulcus tos transverse occipital sulcus

4 culs tos

BA 19 BA 19 sss

3 BA 19

BA 18

2

BA 18

1

BA 19

los iss BA 17

0

BA 18

rcs-s

BA 19

BA 17

-1

ios BA 17

BA 19 BA 18 cos

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

385

BA 19

BA 19

BA 19

MNI Position y = -94.98 mm AHB Position y = 90.43 mm BA 18

Gyral Pattern AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part GDe gyrus descendens ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lateral part SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part

Brodmann Areas BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis

BA 18

von Economo and Koskinas BA 19

OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa)

Regions of Interest

BA 19

-

stripe 1

BA 17

BA 18 BA 19

BA 17

BA 19

BA 18 BA 17

BA 19

386

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 95 Slice Nr. 5864

OB Area parastriata. OB omega Macula granulosa areae parastriatae. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXIV (84)

stripe 1

AStr Gyral pattern Brodmann areas BA17 von Economo OC Regions of Interest

stripe 1

SOG-l

MSG

GDe

SOG-l

SOG-m

POc-p

BA18

SOG-m

SOG-l

BA19

OB

OA

continuation

MOG BA19 OA

SOG-l

IOG BA18 OB

FuG-p BA19 OA

ILG-l BA18 OB

AStr BA17 OC

387

culs

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

tos-m POc-p SOG-m

tos-m sss SOG-l

tos-l

MNI Position y = -99.18 mm AHB Position y = 94.42 mm Gyri AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part GDe gyrus descendens IOG inferior occipital gyrus MOG medial occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus POc-p Arcus parieto-occipitalis, post. division SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lat. part SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part

MOG

GDe

SOG-l

Sulci culs cuneal limiting sulcus iss inferior sagittal sulcus los lateral occipital sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, superior part sss superior sagittal sulcus tos-l transverse occipital sulcus, lateral part tos-m transverse occipital sulcus, medial part

tos-l

SOG-l

MSG

Fibers -

GDe

los

iss rcs-s AStr

IOG

AStr

FuG-p AStr

ops

388

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 96 Slice Nr. 6013

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

96 MNI: -99.18 ICL: 94.42 MCP: 79.68

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

culs cuneal limiting sulcus iss inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus (extreme fissure of Seitz) rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, upper branch sss superior sagittal sulcus tos-l transverse occipital sulcus, lateral ramus tos-m transverse occipital sulcus, medial ramus

4

culs tos-m

BA 19

BA 19

3

tos-m

sss

BA 18

2

BA 19

BA 18 tos-l

1

BA 19

BA 18

los iss

BA 18 BA 17

BA 19

0

rcs-s

BA 17

BA 19

-1

ops BA 18

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

389

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci SOG-m

sss

MNI Position y = -101.99 mm AHB Position y = 97.10 mm Gyri AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part GDe gyrus descendens IOG inferior occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lat. part SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part

ops

MSG

GDe

Sulci los lateral occipital sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, superior part sss superior sagittal sulcus

SOG-l SOG-l

Fibers -

AStr

los

rcs-s

IOG

AStr

ops

FuG-p

390

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 97 Slice Nr. 6113

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

97 MNI: -101.99 ICL: 97.10 MCP: 82.36

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus (extreme fissure of Seitz) rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, upper branch sss superior sagittal sulcus

4

3

BA 19

sss

2

BA 18 BA 18 BA 19

1

BA 18

BA 17 los

BA 18

0

rcs-s BA 19 BA 17

-1 BA 18

ops

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

391

BA 19

MNI Position y = -100.61 mm AHB Position y = 95.79 mm

BA 19 BA 18

stripe 1

Gyral Pattern AStr striate area FuG-p fusiform gyrus, post. part GDe gyrus descendens IOG inferior occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lat. part SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part

BA 18

Brodmann Areas BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis

BA 19

von Economo and Koskinas OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa)

stripe 2

BA 18

Regions of Interest -

BA 17 BA 18 BA 19

BA 17

BA 18

392

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 97 Slice Nr. 6064

OB gamma Limes parastriatus gigantopyramidalis. OC Area striata. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXVI (86)

stripe 1

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

MSG BA18 OB

stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

GDe

SOG-l BA18 OB

SOG-m

SOG-l BA19 OA

BA18 OB

IOG BA19 OA

FuG-p BA18 OB OA OB

AStr BA17 OC

GDe BA18 OB

393

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

SOG

ops

MNI Position y = -104.78 mm AHB Position y = 99.75 mm GDe

Gyri ASTr striate area GDe gyrus descendens IOG inferior occipital gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus

Sulci los lateral occipital sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, superior part

AStr

Fibers -

SOG

rcs-s

los

IOG

ops AStr

394

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 98 Slice Nr. 6212

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

98 MNI: -104.78 ICL: 99.75 MCP: 85.01

7

6

BA1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 ( see p. 101)

5

los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus ops occipitopolar sulcus (extreme fissure of Seitz) rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, upper branch

4

3

BA 19

2

ops BA 18

1 BA 17 BA 18

0 los

rcs-s BA 18 BA 17

-1 ops

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

395

Cortex: Gyri and Sulci

MNI Position y = -107.62 mm AHB Position y = 102.43 mm Gyri AStr striate area IOG inferior occipital gyrus GDe gyrus descendens

Sulci los lateral occipital sulcus

Fibers -

AStr GDe

los

IOG

AStr

396

Fiber stain (Weigert) Section Nr. 99 Slice Nr. 6312

Cortex: Brodmann Areas 8

99 MNI: -107.62 ICL: 102.43 MCP: 87.69

7

6

BA17,18 Brodmann areas 17,18 ( see p. 101) los lateral occipitotemporal sulcus

5

4

3

2

1

BA 17

BA 18

0 los

BA 18

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5 0

1 cm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

397

stripe 1

BA 19

MNI Position y = -106.24 mm AHB Position y = 101.15 mm

BA 17

Gyral Pattern AStr striate area IOG inferior occipital gyrus GDe gyrus descendens

Brodmann Areas BA17 area striata BA18 area occipitalis BA19 area praeoccipitalis

von Economo and Koskinas OA peristriate area OB parastriate area OC striate area (granulosa)

BA 18

Regions of Interest

stripe 2

-

BA 18

398

Cell stain (Nissl): Section Nr. 99 Slice Nr. 6264

Gyrus descendens Ecker. OB Area parastriata. OC Area striata. OB (gamma) Limes parastriatus gigantopyramidalis. von Economo and Koskinas (1925) Plate LXXXVII (87)

stripe 1 stripe 2

Gyral pattern Brodmann areas von Economo Regions of Interest

SOG BA19 OA

AStr BA17 OC

GDe

SOG BA18 OB

IOG OC

OB

AStr BA17 OC

399

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2.4 Horizontal and Sagittal Diagrams with Reduced Detail

The diagrams of the sections in the axial and sagittal planes were produced from the 3D reconstruction of the Atlas brain in the MNI space using the methodology described in section 2.1.10. The distance between the axial sections is 4 mm and in the sagittal series 4 mm.

Since the contour lines defining the pial and ventricular surfaces of the brain as well as the subcortical structures were automatically generated the plates may be more thoroughly checked if stereotaxic applications are intended.

401

Fig.: A-1

Fig.: A-2

Position z = 84.00 mm

Position z = 80.00 mm

SFG SFG

PrG

PrG

PCL

PCL PoG

PoG

PCun

SPL

SPL

Fig.: A-3

Fig.: A-4

Position z = 76.00 mm

Position z = 72.00 mm

SFGL

SFGL MFG

SFGM

SFGM

PrG

PrG

PoG

PCL

PCL PoG

SMG

SPL

PCun

AAnG PCun

SPL

Fig.: A-5

Fig.: A-6

Position z = 68.00 mm

MFG

Position z = 64.00 mm

SFGL

SFGL

MFG

SFGM

SFGM

PrG

PrG PCL

PoG

PoG

PCL

SMG

SMG

AAnG

SPL

PCun SPL

AAnG

PCun PAnG PAnG

SPL

402

SPL

1 cm

AAnG angular gyrus, anterior division MFG middle frontal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus SFG superior frontal gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial division SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule

Fig.: A-7

Fig.: A-8

Position z = 60.00 mm

Position z = 56.00 mm

SFGL SFGL

SFGM

MFG

MFG

SFGM PrG CG

CG PrG PoG

PCL PoG PCL

AAnG angular gyrus, anterior division CG cingulate gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus POc-A parieto-occipital arc, anterior part POc-P parieto-occipital arc, posterior part PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial division SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus

SMG SMG

SPL

PCun SPL PCun

AAnG

AAnG

POc-A

POc-A

PAnG

PAnG

SPL

Fig.: A-9

Fig.: A-10

Position z = 52.00 mm

Position z = 48.00 mm

SFGL

SFGL

SFGM

MFG

MFG

SFGM

PrG

PrG

CG

PoG

PoG

CG PCL

PCL

SMG

SMG

STG SPL

SPL

PCun AAnG

PCun SPL AAnG

SPL

PAnG

PAnG

POc-P POc-P

1 cm

403

Fig.: A-11

Fig.: A-12

SFPG

Position z = 44.00 mm

Position z = 40.00 mm

SFGM

SFGL

SFGL

SFGM

MFG MFG

IFGOp

IFGOp PrG

PrG

PoG

PoG CG

CG

SMG

PCL

AAnG angular gyrus, anterior division Cd caudate nucleus CG cingulate gyrus COp-p posterior central operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part Ins insula MFG middle frontal gyrus MOG middle occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus POc-P parieto-occipital arc, posterior part PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PrG precentral gyrus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial division SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule SSG superior sagittal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus

SMG

SMG SMG SPL STG

STG

SPL

PCun PCun AAnG

POc-P PAnG

PAnG SSG MOG

POc-P

POc-P SFPG

SFPG

Fig.: A-13

Fig.: A-14

SFGL

Position z = 36.00 mm

Position z = 32.00 mm

SFGL SFGM

SFGM MFG

MFG

CG IFGOp CG

IFGOp PrG

PrG

PoG

Cd

PoG

COp-p

SMG

Ins SMG CG POp TTG2

STG

STG CG

PCun

PCun

TOTZ POc-P

PAnG

MSG SSG

MOG POc-P

404

POc-P PAnG

MSG MOG SSG SOG

1 cm

Fig.: A-15 SFPG

Fig.: A-16

SFPG

Position z = 28.00 mm

Position z = 24.00 mm

SFGL

SFGL SFGM MFG MFG SFGM CG CG IFGTr IFGOp IFGOp PrG

PrG

FOp

Cd

Cd

Pu PoG PoG COp-a

Rt

COp-p

COp-a

SMG

COp-p SMG

Ins

VL DSF

POp

Ins

POp

Cd TTG2

Ins

Ins

STG

TTG1

PTe

STG

CG CG

PCun

PCun PCun MTG

PCun

MTG PCun

OcG

PAnG MSG

POc-P

17

TOTZ

TOTZ

POc-P

17

MOG MSG

SSG

MOG

MSG

SSG SOG

SOG

Fig.: A-17

Fig.: A-18

MFPG

Position z = 16.00 mm

Position z = 20.00 mm

MFPG

SFPG

MFG

MFG

SFPG

CG

CG IFGTr

IFGOp

IFGOp

FOp Cd

FOp

Cd

IFGTr

OFOp

PrG

Ins

PrG

Pu Pu VAM AV VAL

COp-a

COp-p

MD

Rt

SMG

Ins

MD

LIGI TTG

VPL

POp

Rt

Pul

PrG

VL

VL VPL

COp-a

AV VAM VAL

PoG

17 striate area AV anteroventral thalamic nucleus ccs calcarine sulcus, central part Cd caudate nucleus CG cingulate gyrus COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum DSF dorsal superficial nucleus FOp frontal operculum GDe gyrus descendens IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part Ins insula IOG inferior occipital gyrus IPHT isthmo-parahippocampal transition ISG inferior sagittal gyrus LIGI long insular gyrus I lus lunate sulcus MD medial dorsal thalamic nucleus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOG middle occipital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus MSG-p middle sagittal gyrus, posterior part MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus OFOp orbitofrontal operculum PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus POc-P parieto-occipital arc, posterior part PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum pos parieto-occipital sulcus PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale Pu putamen Pul pulvinar Rt reticular thalamic nucleus SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial division SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus SSG superior sagittal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone TTG transverse temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 post. transverse temporal gyrus VAL lateral ventroanterior nucleus VAM medial ventroanterior nucleus VL ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VPL ventroposterior lateral thalamic nucleus

STG

Pul

STG

Cd

Cd

CG

CG

PCun PCun

PCun PCun ISG

pos

ISG

MTG SLgG

MTG

IPHT

17

IOG TOTZ

ccs

SLgG 17

ISG

ISG

POc-P

SSG

SSG

MOG

MSG

MOG MSG MSG-p

lus GDe

SOG

SOG GDe

lus

1 cm

405

Fig.: A-20

Fig.: A-19

MFPG

FMG

Position z =12.00 mm

Position z = 8.00 mm

MFPG

MFG

MFG

SFPG

CG

CG IFGTr IFGTr IFGTr

OFOp

FOp

Cd

OFOp

IFGOp

Ins

FCd

Cd

PrG

Ins

PrG

EGP VAL

VAM

LIGI

VLA VLP

MPul

VAL

IL

TTG

VPL

STG

LPul

LIGI

VL VPM VPL CM Rt APul LPul MPul

MD

CM APul

COp-a

EGP

COp-a

MD

PrG

Pu

Pu AV VAM IL

IFGOp

FOp

Rt

STG TTG

Cd

Hi

Ent

Hi

Ent OcG

OcG 18

I

FuG 17

IPHT

ITG

17

MTG

MTG

ILgG

IOG

SLgG

IOG

17

ITG

SLgG 17 ISG

ccs

MOG

MOG SSG

MSG-p

ISG GD

Fig.: A-21

MFPG IFPG

SOG

PSt

SOG

GDe

FMG

lus

IFPG

Position z = 4.00 mm

Fig.: A-22

FMG

Position z = 0.00 mm

IFGOr

IFGOr RoG

LOrG AOrG IFGOr

CG CG

AOI

BOp

OFOp

IFGOr

AOI

Cd FCd AcM AcL

SCA

POrG

IFGTr

BOp

IFGOp

FPu

FOp

IFGTr

API

Ac SCA

EGP

fx

ac

Pu

ac

PPo

STG

LIGI

VL VLb CM-PF VAb pc

IL

LIGI

IGP

VAM VAL

R

VMPo MG LG

h1-h2 STh ZI bc Lim MG LG Rt IPul

Rt

STG

PPo

EGP

fx IGP

Ins

Pu

Ins

TCd

TCd

IPul

S

Hi

Hi OcG

MTG

MTG PHG

FuG

ILgG

ILgG

FuG

FuG lgs

lgs

ITG

ITG IOG

SLgG

SLgG FuG

MOG 17

ccs

IOG IOG

rcs-s

406

17 rcs-s GDe

PSt

17 GDe

IOG PSt

1 cm

ac anterior commissure Ac accumbens nucleus AcL accumbens nucleus, lateral part AcM accumbens nucleus, medial part AOI area orbitoinsularis AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus API area piriformis insulae APul anterior pulvinar nucleus AV anteroventral thalamic nucleus bc brachium conjunctivum BOp basal operculum ccs calcarine sulcus, central part Cd caudate nucleus CG cingulate gyrus CM centromedian thalamic nucleus CM-PF centromedian-parafascicular nucleus COp-a anterior central operculum EGP external globus pallidus Ent entorhinal gyrus FCd fundus region of caudate nucleus FMG frontomarginal gyrus FOp frontal operculum FPu fundus region of putamen FuG fusiform gyrus GDe gyrus descendens (Ecker) h1 thalamic fascicle Hi hippocampus I isthmus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus IGP internal globus pallidus IL intralaminar nuclei and lamina ILgG inferior lingual gyrusiml-IL Ins insula IOG inferior occipital gyrus IPHT isthmo-parahippocampal transition IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus ISG inferior sagittal gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus LG lateral geniculate nucleus lgs lingual sulcus LIGI long insular gyrus I Lim limitans nucleus LOrG lateral orbital gyrus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus lus lunate sulcus MD medial dorsal thalamic nucleus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MG medial geniculate nucleus MOG middle occipital gyrus MPul medial pulvinar nucleus MSG-p middle sagittal gyrus, posterior part MTG middle temporal gyrus OcG occipital gyrus OFOp orbitofrontal operculum pc posterior commissure PHG parahippocampal gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare PrG precentral gyrus PSt parastriate area Pu putamen rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, superior branch RoG rostral gyrus Rt reticular thalamic nucleus SCA subcallosal area SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus SSG superior sagittal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus STh subthalamic nucleus S subiculum TCd tail of caudate nucleus TTG ant. transverse temporal gyrus 1 VAL lateral ventroanterior nucleus VAM medial ventroanterior nucleus VL ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VLb basal ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VLA anterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VLP posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VPb basal ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VPL lateral ventroposterior thalamic nucleus VPM medial ventroposterior thalamic nucleus ZI zona incerta

Fig.: A-23 Position z = -4.00 mm

IFPG

Fig.: A-24

FMG

IFPG

Position z = -8.00 mm

FMG LOrG

AOrG LOrG IFGOr AOrG

MOrG

RoG

RoG

IFGOr

IFGOr

CG

POrG

Ac

PTG

POrG

SG

BOp AOI API

SCA

LOrG POrG

LOrG

POrG

MOrG

IFGOr

BOp

Pir Pir

Cl

MTG

Ac Pir STG

fx

Amg opt

STh

MM

Pu

Ins

Cl

opt VMH TM

PPo

VMH LH

SO

Pa

Cl PH

PPo

API PTG

Ins

FPu

STG

OlfA

SCA

Amg Pu

fx

TCd

SNR R

TCd

SNC

S

Hi MTG

Hi

S

PHG PHG

MTG FuG ITG FuG

ITG

ITG

ILgG

ILgG SLgG

17 SLgG

17

IOG

rsc-i GDe

IOG

17

FuG

17

FuG IOG

IOG FMG IFPG

AOrG

Fig.: A-25

Fig.: A-26

Position z = -12.00 mm

Position z = -16.00 mm

AOrG SG MOrG IFGOr LOrG

MOrG

LOrG

MOrG

SG

POrG

POrG BOp

RoG

RoG

PPo TP

TP SCA

TIG

SCA

PPo PMOL

PCA

PirF

PCA

TIG

OlfA

OlfA

Pir

IPo PirT Un

ox

VMH PAM PCo Inf Un

S

MTG Cl

BM

Ins

Cl PAM

La

MTG

TPG

PMOL

BM BL

La

Ins STG

BL STG Hi

Hi Ent

Ent

MTG MTG

PRC

PHG

FuG

FuG

17 striate area Ac accumbens nucleus Amg amygdala AOI area orbitoinsularis AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus API area piriformis insulae BL basolateral amygdaloid nucl. BM basomedial amygdaloid nucl. BOp basal operculum CG cingulate gyrus Cl claustrum Ent entorhinal gyrus FMG frontomarginal gyrus FPu fundus region of putamen FuG fusiform gyrus fx fornix (column and body) GDe gyrus descendens Hi hippocampus IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus ILgG inferior lingual gyrus Inf infundibular nucleus Ins insula IOG inferior occipital gyrus IPo insular pole ITG inferior temporal gyrus La lateral amygdaloid nucleus LgG lingual gyrus LH lateral hypothalamic area LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MM medial mammillary nucleus MOrG medial orbital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus OlfA olfactory area opt optic tract ox optic chiasma Pa paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus PAM periamygdaloid cortex PCA precommissural archicortex PCo post. cortical amygdaloid nucleus PH posterior hypothalamic area PHG parahippocampal gyrus Pir piriform cortex PirF piriform cortex, frontal part PirT piriform cortex, temporal part PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POrG posterior orbital gyrus PPo planum polare PRC perirhinal cortex PTG paraterminal gyrus Pu putamen R red nucleus RoG rostral gyrus rsc-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior branch SCA subcallosal area SG straight gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SO supraoptic nucleus STG superior temporal gyrus STh subthalamic nucleus S subiculum TCd tail of caudate nucleus TIG transverse insular gyrus TM tuberomammillary nucleus TP temporal pole TPG temporopolar gyrus Un uncus VMH ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

ITG ITG

IOG

LgG

17

FuG

1 cm

407

Fig.: A-28

Fig.: A-27

Position z = -24.00 mm

Position z = -20.00 mm

SG

PPo SG

PPo

MOrG

MOrG TP

TP TPG TPG

PMOL S

MTG

MTG

Ent Cl

BL

La

Ent

AG Hi MTG Ent PRC ITG PRC FuG FuG ITG

Fig.: A-29

Fig.: A-30

Position z = -28.00 mm

Position z = -32.00 mm

PPo

TPG

TP

TPG

TP

MTG MTG Ent

Ent

ITG PRC PRC

ITG

FuG

FuG

TPG

Fig.: A-31

Fig.: A-32

Position z = -36.00 mm

Position z = -40.00 mm

TP TP

ITG

PRC

ITG

PRC

FuG

1 cm

408

AG ambiens gyrus BL basolateral amygdaloid nucl. Cl claustrum Ent entorhinal gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus ITG inferior temporal gyrus La lateral amygdaloid nucleus MOrG medial orbital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule PPo planum polare PRC perirhinal cortex SG straight gyrus S subiculum TP temporal pole TPG temporopolar gyrus

Fig.: S-01

PoG

Position x = 1.00 mm PCun

PCL CG SFGM CG

SSG MSG ISG

17 MFPG

IFPG

CG

MD

fx

SLgG

17

SCA

ac MPO

PCA

Pa Pe

RoG

scs

DMH

pc bc

VMH MM Inf

SG

PoG

PrG

PCL

17 striate area 1p olfactory peduncle Ac accumbens nucleus ac anterior commissure AV anteroventral thalamic nucleus bc brachium conjuctivum Cd caudate nucleus CG cingulate gyrus CM centromedian thalamic nucleus CM-PF centromedian parafascicular nucleus crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentato-thalamic tract) DMH dorsomed. hypothalamic nucleus DSF dorsal superficial nucleus FCd fundus region of caudate nucleus FMG frontomarginal gyrus fx fornix (column and body) GDe gyrus descendens h2 lenticular fascicle IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus IL intralaminar nuclei and lamina ILgG inferior lingual gyrus Inf infundibular nucleus ISG inferior sagittal gyrus LH lateral hypothalamic area MD medial dorsal thalamic nucleus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MM medial mammillary nucleus, med. part MOrG medial orbital gyrus MPO medial preoptic nucleus MSG middle sagittal gyrus MSG-p middle sagittal gyrus, posterior part OcG occipital gyrus OlfA olfactory area opt optic tract ox optic chiasma Pa paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus pc posterior commissure PCA precommissural archicortex PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus Pe periventricular hypothalamic nucleus PH posterior hypothalamic area PHG parahippocampal gyrus POc-A parieto-occipital arc, anterior part POc-P parieto-occipital arc, posterior part PoG postcentral gyrus PrG precentral gyrus Pul pulvinar R red nucleus rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior branch rcs-s retrocalcarine sulcus, superior branch RoG rostral gyrus SCA subcallosal area scs subcalcarine sulcus SFG superior frontal gyrus SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial division SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SG straight gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SN substantia nigra SO supraoptic nucleus SPL superior parietal lobule SSG superior sagittal gyrus STh subthalamic nucleus VA ventroanterior thalamic nucleus VAb basal ventroanterior thalamic nucleus VMH ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

Fig.: S-02 Position x = 5.00 mm PCun

PCL SFGM

POc-A CG SSG CG DSF

MSG

ISG

SFPG AV

MD

PCun

IL

MFPG CG

IFPG

RoG SG

PrG

SFG

MSG-p

PHG

PH VA CM-PF fx h2 LH R SCA DMH Pe PCA crt ox VMH

17 ISG

ILgG SLgG

PoG SPL

Fig.: S-03 SPL

Position x = 9.00 mm

PCL

SFG

POc-A PCun

CG

POc-P

SSG

CG

SFPG

AV VA

Cd

MFPG

IL

MD Pul

FCd Ac

MFPG FMG

RoG

MOrG

PCA OlfA

VAb

MSG ISG

rcs-s

PCun

CG IFPG

OcG 17 17

DSF

17

CM

MSG-p

PHG STh SO LH opt

GDe

ILgG SN

SLgG

rcs-i

1p

1 cm

409

PoG

PrG

Fig.: S-04

SPL

Position x = 13.00 mm

SFG

SPL

PCL POc-A

SFG

SFG

PCun CG POc-P CG

PCun SSG

SFPG

OcG

DSF CG

Cd

SFPG

al

Ac

RoG

PHG

VPL

IGP

PSt

17

VAL

EGP

FCd

MSG-p

RSp CM Pul

ic IFPG

VL

VAM

MFPG

SOG

MSG ISG

PCun

SNC

GDe

SNR

17

ILgG

OlfA

FMG

SLgG Ent

MOrG PMOL

PoG

PrG

17 striate area ac anterior commissure Ac accumbens nucleus al ansa lenticularis AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus Cd caudate nucleus CG cingulate gyrus CM centromedian thalamic nucleus DSF dorsal superficial nucleus EGP external globus pallidus Ent entorhinal gyrus FCd fundus region of caudate nucleus FMG frontomarginal gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus GDe gyrus descendens Hi hippocampus ic internal capsule IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus IGP internal globus pallidus ILgG inferior lingual gyrus IOG inferior occipital gyrus IPHT isthmo-parahippocampal transition ISG inferior sagittal gyrus LG lateral geniculate nucleus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MG medial geniculate nucleus MOrG medial orbital gyrus MSG middle sagittal gyrus MSG-p middle sagittal gyrus, posterior part OcG occipital gyrus OlfA olfactory area opt optic tract PCL paracentral lobule PCun precuneus PHG parahippocampal gyrus Pir piriform cortex PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule POc-A parieto-occipital arc, anterior part POc-P parieto-occipital arc, posterior part PoG postcentral gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PrG precentral gyrus PSt parastriate area Pul pulvinar RoG rostral gyrus RSp retrosplenial cortex SFG superior frontal gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata SOG superior occipital gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule SSG superior sagittal gyrus TP temporal pole VAL lateral ventroanterior nucleus VAM medial ventroanterior nucleus VL ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VLb basal ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VPL lateral ventroposterior thalamic nucleus

Fig.: S-05v

SPL

Position x = 17.00 mm

SFG

SPL

SPL POc-A SFG

PCun

PCL

POc-P

CG PCun

SFPG OcG

Cd MFPG

VAL

CG

IGP Ac

FMG

Pul

17

Hi

VPL

EGP IFPG

ISG

VL ic

MSG-p

opt

PHG

IOG

17

FuG

ILgG

OlfA

FuG

PMOL

MOrG

PSt

17

IPHT

VLb MG

al

SOG

SSG

OcG

Ent

PoG

PrG

Fig.: S-06

SPL

SFG

Position x = 21.00 mm SPL

SFG POc-P

PCun SFPG

OcG

SOG

OcG

VL 17

ic VPL Cd

MFPG

17

Pul

Hi

EGP IGP

IFPG FPu

LG PHG

FMG

PSt IPHT

FuG

IOG

ILgG

Pir AOrG

FuG

PMOL

MOrG POrG

Ent TP

1 cm

410

PrG

PoG

Fig.: S-07

SPL

SFG

Position x = 25.00 mm SPL PAnG

SFG PAnG

MOG SFPG

PCun

OcG

SOG SOG

SLgG

Pu

ILgG

IGP opt

Ac

Hi

Pul

EGP

IFPG FMG

17

18

Rt

MFPG

ILgG

LG

IOG

Pir BL

POrG

AOrG

MOrG

FuG

PHG

FuG

La

Ent TP

Ent

PRC

ITP

PrG

PoG

17 striate area 18 area 18 AAnG angular gyrus, anterior division Ac accumbens nucleus ac anterior commissure AOI area orbitoinsularis AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus API area piriformis insulae BL basolateral amygdaloid nucleus BOp basal operculum EGP external globus pallidus Ent entorhinal gyrus FMG frontomarginal gyrus FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus IGP internal globus pallidus ILgG inferior lingual gyrus Ins insula IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus ITP inferior temporopolar region La lateral amygdaloid nucleus LG lateral geniculate nucleus LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus MOG middle occipital gyrus MOrG medial orbital gyrus OcG occipital gyrus opt optic tract PAnG posterior angular gyrus PCun precuneus Pedl peduncle of lentiform nucleus PHG parahippocampal gyrus Pir piriform cortex POc-A parieto-occipital arc, anterior part PoG postcentral gyrus POrG posterior orbital gyrus PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale Pu putamen Pul pulvinar Rt reticular thalamic nucleus SFG superior frontal gyrus SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus SLgG superior lingual gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule S subiculum TCd tail of caudate nucleus TIG transverse insular gyrus TP temporal pole TPG temporopolar gyrus

Fig.: S-08

SPL

Position x = 29.00 mm

SFG MFG

PAnG SPL SFG PAnG POc-A SFPG

MOG

MFG OcG

MFG

PCun

TCd

MFPG

18

Pu

Ins AOI BOp

17

Hi

Pul

SLgG

ILgG

SOG ILgG IOG

API Pir AOrG

MOrG

POrG TIG

Pir

S

FuG

PHG

La

FuG

PTe

TPG

ITG

PrG

Fig.: S-09

PoG SPL

Position x = 33.00 mm

SFG MFG

PAnG SFG

AAnG MFG PAnG SMG

MFG IFGOp

MOG

SFG Ins FOp MFG

Ins

FMG

Pu

IFGOr LOrG

BOp

Hi

AOI

POrG

TP

TIG

IOG

Pu

API

PedL

Pir AOrG

SOG

TCd

IFGOr

Pir

La

G

PH

IOG FuG

TPG

FuG

PRC TPG FuG

1 cm

411

Fig.: S-10

PoG

PrG

Position x = 37.00 mm

SPL

MFG

AAnG

PAnG SFG PAnG

SMG

PrG IFGOp

MOG Ins

FOp

MOG

IFGTr

MFG

SOG

Ins

IFGOr IFGOr

IOG

IFGOr

BOp AOI AOrG

Hi

Pir

TIG

Pir PPo

IOG

G

PH

TPG

FuG

PRC

TP

FuG

TPG FuG AAnG angular gyrus, anterior division AOI area orbitoinsularis AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus BOp basal operculum COp central operculum (Rolandi) FOp frontal operculum FuG fusiform gyrus Hi hippocampus IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part Ins insula IOG inferior occipital gyrus IPo insular pole ITG inferior temporal gyrus LOrG lateral orbital gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOG middle occipital gyrus MTG mammillo-tegmental tract PAnG posterior angular gyrus PHG parahippocampal gyrus Pir piriform cortex PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PPo planum polare PRC perirhinal cortex PrG precentral gyrus SFG superior frontal gyrus SMG supramarginal gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TIG transverse insular gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone TP temporal pole TPG temporopolar gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus

Fig.: S-11 PoG

PrG

Position x = 41.00 mm SPL

SFG

AAnG

MFG

PAnG SMG

MFG IFGOp

PAnG

STG

COp POp MFG

FOp IFGTr

IFGOr

TOTZ

MOG

MTG

TTG1

Ins

ITG

IFGOp

IOG

IPo

IFGOr

Ins

BOp LOrG

TIG PPo

TP

AOI Pir

ITG

IOG

FuG

FuG

TPG ITG

Fig.: S-12

PoG

Position x = 45.00 mm

PrG AAnG

MFG SPL

MFG

PAnG STG

Ins SMG IFGOp

PAnG

POp

COp

IFG Op p

MTG

FO

MFG

IFGTr

POp

IFGTr Ins

FOp

TOTZ

TTG1 STG ITG

IFGTr MTG

Ins

IFGOp

MOG

IFGOr o

PP

TIG

IOG

PPo FuG ITG ITG

TPG FuG

412

1 cm

Fig.: S-13 Position x = 49.00 mm PoG PrG AAnG MFG

SPL

SMG PAnG

STG

MFG

SMG COp IFGOp

TOTZ

PTe

COp

IFGOp

POp

POp STG

MOG

TTG1 IFGTr

IFGOp

FOp

Ins

MTG IOG

PPo IFGOr IOG TPG ITG

MTG ITG

AAnG angular gyrus, anterior division COp central operculum (Rolandi) COp-a anterior central operculum COp-p posterior central operculum FOp frontal operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part Ins insula IOG inferior occipital gyrus ITG inferior temporal gyrus MFG middle frontal gyrus MOG middle occipital gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PAnG posterior angular gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PPo planum polare PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus SPL superior parietal lobule STG superior temporal gyrus TOTZ temporooccipital transition zone TPG temporopolar gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus

Fig.: S-14 Position x = 53.00 mm PoG

SMG

PrG AAnG

CO p-p

TOTZ MFG

p-a

IFGOp

CO

IFGOp

STG

PTe POp

TTG1

FOp

IFGTr

MTG

PPo IFGOr STG MTG TPG ITG

MTG ITG

Fig.: S-15 Position x = 57.00 mm SMG

PoG PrG

AAnG

CO p-

p

MFG

IFGOp

TOTZ

POp STG PTe

COp-a

IFGTr

TTG1 MTG

PPo STG

MTG

ITG

MTG ITG

1 cm

413

Fig.: S-16 Position x = 61.00 mm SMG PoG

PrG

PTe

POp TTG1

IFGOp

PT e

COp-p

STG

MTG

TTG1 PPo STG MTG

MTG ITG ITG

COp-p posterior central operculum IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part ITG inferior temporal gyrus MTG middle temporal gyrus PoG postcentral gyrus POp parietal operculum PPo planum polare PrG precentral gyrus PTe planum temporale SMG supramarginal gyrus STG superior temporal gyrus TTG1 ant. transverse temporal gyrus

Fig.: S-17 Position x = 65.00 mm

SMG STG

PoG

PO p

PrG STG

MTG

TTG1 MTG

STG

ITG

MTG ITG

Fig.: S-18 Position x = 69.00 mm

SMG STG

STG PoG

MTG

STG

MTG

MTG

1 cm

414

2.5 Maps of Subcortical Areas

This part presents maps of the thalamus and of the hypothalamus of the right hemisphere of the Atlas brain. The images are shown at higher magnification than in the main Atlas. The delineations were curated by F. Forutan and Y. Koutcherov. The nomenclature is arranged systematically to facilitate orientation.

Importantly, these images were not transformed to fit the stereotaxic (Talairach or MNI) space. They are identical to the actual mounted sections and to the photographs that can evaluated by “virtual microscopy” in the internet (www.thehumanbrain.info).

References: Koutcherov, Y., Mai, J.K., Ashwell, K.W.S., Paxinos, G.: The organization of the human paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 423: 299-318 (2000). Koutcherov, Y., Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G.: Hypothalamus of the human fetus. J. Chemical Neuroanatomy, 26; 253-270 (2003). Koutcherov, Y., Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G.: Hypothalamus of the human fetus. In: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, USA (2004). Koutcherov, Y., Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G.: Organisation of the human dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. NeuroReport: 15 (1), 107-111 (2004) Koutcherov, Y. Paxinos, G. Mai, J.: The organization of the human medial preoptic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:392–406 (2007). Mai, J.K. and Forutan, F.: Thalamus. In: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, USA 620-679 (2012).

415

2.5.1 Thalamus by F. Forutan

Superior Region (anterior group nuclei) AV AM AD DSf

anteroventral nucleus (anteroprincipal nucleus) anteromedial nucleus anterodorsal nucleus dorsal superficial nucleus

Periventricular Formation (midline nuclei) dorsal component of the periventricular formation PT PV

ventral component of the periventricular formation

Medial Region MD MDMC MDPC MDPL

mediodorsal nucleus magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus, (medial MD; Ncl. medialis fibrosus) parvicellular mediodorsal nucleus, (central MD; Ncl. medialis fasciculosus) paralaminar (paralamellar) mediodorsal nucleus, (lateral MD; Ncl. densocellularis / multiformis)

Re SM PeV

ventroanterior nucleus (ventral anterior nucleus) medial ventroanterior nucleus (nigral afferents) magnocellular ventroanterior nucleus lateral ventroanterior nucleus (pallidal afferents) basal ventroanterior nucleus [VM] (entry zone of nigral and amygdaloid afferents)

VL VLA VLP VLPI VLPE VLb

ventrolateral nucleus anterior ventrolateral nucleus (medial oral division) posterior ventrolateral nucleus (lateral caudal division) posterior ventrolateral nucleus, internal part posterior ventrolateral nucleus, external part basal (inferior) ventrolateral nucleus [VPI] (entry zone of the cerebellar fibers)

Prethalamus

Intralaminar Formation ILA anterior group of the intralaminar nuclei

ILC

CeMe CL PC

central medial nucleus central lateral nucleus paracentral nucleus

Cuc

cucullar nucleus

central group of intralaminar nuclei CM PF SPf ILP Lim SGe

centromedian nucleus parafascicular nucleus subparafascicular nucleus posterior intralaminar group limitans nucleus suprageniculate nucleus

Pul pulvinar nucleus (pulvinar-LP complex) anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus APul ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal part ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate part IVPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, ventral part IGPul intergeniculate pulvinar nucleus LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus MPul medial pulvinar nucleus MLPul mediolateral pulvinar nucleus SFPul superficial pulvinar nucleus SPul superior pulvinar nucleus PRt Rt Fa

prereticulate nucleus reticulate nucleus fasciculosus nucleus

HB HBL HBM

habenular nucleus lateral habenular nucleus medial habenular nucleus

LG MG

lateral geniculate nucleus medial geniculate nucleus

Epithalamus

Sensory Thalamus VP ventroposterior nucleus or complex VPL lateral ventroposterior nucleus; medial ventroposterior nucleus VPM VPS superior ventroposterior nucleus (Kaas) VPPC ventroposterior nucleus, parvicellular part VPMPC medial ventroposterior nucleus, parvicellular part VPb basal ventroposterior nucleus [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents)

reuniens nucleus submedius nucleus periventricular nucleus

Posterior Region Pul pulvinar nucleus (pulvinar-LP complex)

Lateral Region Motor Thalamus VA VAM VAMC VAL VAb

paratenial nucleus paraventricular nucleus

Metathalamus

Fibers ac anterior commissure al ansa lenticularis ap ansa peduncularis ar acoustic radiation bic brachium of the inf. colliculus cmg capsule of MGN cr capsule of nucleus ruber csc commissure of sup. colliculus eml external medullary lamina FF Field of Forel fr fasciculus retroflexus fx fornix h1 thalamic fascicle h2 lenticular fascicle hbc habenular commissure iml internal medullary lamina ithp inferior thalamic peduncle

Other abbreviations: see Index 416

lenf ll mfb ml mp mt opt or palhy pc prf slf sm sox st sumx vaf

lenticular fasciculus lateral lemniscus medial forebrain bundle medial lemniscus mammillary peduncle mammillothalamic tract optic tract optic radiation pallidohypothalamic tract posterior commissure principal mammillary fasciculus sublenticular fascicle stria medullaris supraoptic commissure stria terminalis supramammillary commissure ventral amygdaloid fibers

37 PRt

fx BNST

st PRt sm ithp fx ap

ac

mfb

sox opt

38 PRt

fx st

Rt BNST

Rt

sm

PRt

st

PaPo ithp

al

fx

Fa

ac

mfb mfb sox

vaf opt

39 AD fx

AV

Rt

st Rt

eml

PT

VA

sm st

PRt PaPo

Fa

PRt

ithp al fx palhy

ac

mfb sox

vaf

opt

417

40 AD fx

AV

st Rt

sm

iml

VA

AM

PT

eml

st

Rt

Pv ithp Fa CeMe

h1 palhy

ZI

PRt

al mfb

fx

ac sox

vaf

opt

41 Rt AV

AD

fx

st Rt

sm

eml

iml

VAM

PT Pv

VAL

AM

ithp h1

CeMe

al palhy sox fx

Fa

vaf

mfb

Re opt

prf

ac ZI

42

Rt

st

fx

eml

Rt

AV

sm mt iml

VAM PT

AM

MDMC

ithp Pv

VAMC

h1 al

VAM

palhy sox mfb prf

418

fx

CeMe vaf

ac Fa

opt Re

ZI

VAL

43

Rt

st fx

AV

Rt eml

VAL

sm

AM Cuc PT MDMC MD Pv

iml mt

VAM

ithp VAMC CeMe h1

lenf

VAM

al Fa

sox

fx

vaf VAb

Re

opt

mfb

prf

ZI

mp

44 st

fx

Rt Rt eml

AD

sm

PT

mt

VLA

AV

Cuc VAL

iml

VAM MD Pv

ithp

VAMC

mt VAM h2 lenf

h1

CeMe

al CeMe sox

prf

VAb

vaf

opt

Re

mfb mp

ZI

STh

45

45

st

fx

Rt eml

AV AD

sm

PT mt

VLA

Cuc

Rt

iml VAL MD ithp Pv h2 mtg FF mt mfb mp

h1

VAMC

lenf al sox opt

VLPE

CeMe vaf

CeMe VAb Re ZI

STh

419

46

stst fx Rt eml

AV AD PT

sm

VLA

Cuc CeL

iml VAL ithp

Rt

MD

MDMC Pv h2 FF

h1

mtg mt cr

al

lenf

VLPE CeMe

opt sumx mfb mp

VAb

slf

st

Re ZI STh PRF

47

st

fx

Rt eml

AD Cuc

PT

sm

AV

Rt

VLPI

CeL Pv iml MD ithp

MDMC VLPE

h2 mtg

h1

FF

al

lenf

cr opt

CeMe

slf

st

VAb

mfb VLb

Re

ZI STh PRF st

48

Rt eml

Rt

DSf AV

sm PT iml

VLPI

MD

MDMC

VLPE Pv

h2 mtg

crt

h1

al opt

mfb

slf st PF Re

CM SPF

VLb

VPMPC ZI

420

STh

st

49

fx Rt eml

DSf PT

sm VLPI Rt iml

MD

MDMC

CeL VLPE

Pv h2 crt

al

Pv

h1

mtg

opt

CM

PeV

slf st

PF

Re

VPL VPMPC

VLb

SPF

ZI

mfb

STh

st

50

fx Rt eml

DSf

PT sm

VLPE iml

Rt

MD

MDMC Pv

VPL

h2 crt

mtg fr

al

h1

Pv PeV

slf opt

st

VPM

CM PF

Re

VLb

VPMPC

SPF

ZI STh

mfb

st

fx

51

Rt eml

DSf PT

sm VLPE

iml MD

Rt

MDMC PCe Pv

APul

VPL

al mtg

fr

crt

h2 h1

slf opt

CM

PeV PF

st Re

VPM SPF

VPMPC VLb

mfb

ZI

421

st

fx

52

DSf PT

ADPul

sm iml MD MDMC

eml Pv

Rt

APul

al

mtg

fr crt

Rt

PCe

slf

h2 h1

PeV

VPL

CM PF

st

VPM

Re SPF

VPMPC

VPb PrG ZI

mfb

LG

st

fx

52a DSf PT

ADPul

sm iml

LPul

MDPL

Rt

MD eml

MDMC

PCe

Pv

Rt

APul VPL

fr mtg crt

slf

h2 h1

PeV

CM

Re

st

PF VPM SPF

VPb VPMPC

PrG ZI LG

mfb

53

st

fx

DSf PT

ADPul

CeL

sm

LPul

MDPL

iml MD

Rt PCe

MDMC

eml Rt

APul

Pv

VPL

PF fr PeV mtg

crt

CM

slf

h2

Re

h1

SPF

st

VPM VPMPC ZI

mfb

422

VPb

PPA

LG

54

st

fx

DSf

ADPul

PT PeV

MDPL

iml

sm

LPul

MD MDMC Rt

eml

APul Pv

fr

or

VPL

PF CM

Rt PeV

Lim

mtg st

crt

VPb ml LG MG

PPA

LTN

xscp

54a

st

fx

DSf

ADPul

MDPL

LPul

MD sm

Rt

eml iml HBL

Rt

APul

HBM

fr

VPL

or

CM PF

Lim

st mtg

VPb MG

ml

xscp

LTN

PPA

55

st

fx

DSf

LG

ADPul LPul Rt

MDPL

MD

eml

sm

VPL

APul

HBL

iml Rt fr

HBM

CM

or ar

Lim st

mtg

VPb MG

ml

LG

PPA

xscp

423

fx

56

st

DSf LPul

MDPL

Rt

eml MD sm HBL

Rt

iml fr

APul

VPL

HBM

hbx Lim pc

or

st VPb

bsc

SGe LG

MG

bic

mtg ctg ml xscp

56a fx

st DSf

LPul

MDPL MD

Rt

eml HBL iml

hbx

APul MPul

HBM

Rt

Lim VPb

pc or

st

SGe

bsc

LG

MG

bic mtg ctg

mlf

ml xscp

57 fx

SPul

st

MDPL DiPul

MD

LPul

Rt

APul eml MPul PTc

Rt

csc

Lim IPul

st

pc or

LG

bsc MG bic mtg ctg

mlf

ml

424

xscp

IGPul

57b fx

SPul

st

MDPL LPul

MD DiPul

Rt

MLPul

eml

MPul IDPul Rt

Lim

PTc

IPul

csc st

pc

IVPul

or bsc

MG

bic mtg ctg mlf ml

xscp

58 fx

SPul st

LPul Rt

MDPL MD MLPul

DiPul eml

IDPul

MPul PTc

Rt

Lim

csc

IPul

st pc

IVPul

or

bsc

MG

bic ctg mtg mlf ml

59 fx

SPul

st

LPul

st

Rt MLPul DiPul MPul

eml

Rt

IDPul

SC st IVPul

pc

bsc

or

bic ctg mtg mlf

ml

425

60 fx

LPul st

MLPul

DiPul

fx

MPul

eml IDPul SC fx pc

bic IC

mtg ll scp

62 fx

st LPul DiPul

eml

MPul IDPul

SC

bic IC

426

Rt

2.5.2 Hypothalamus by Y. Koutcherov

Preoptic Area Pe periventricular hypothalamic nuclei VMPe DPe AVPe

ventromedial preoptic nucleus dorsomedial periventricular nucleus anteroventral periventricular nucleus

MPO medial preoptic nucleus MPOL - medial preoptic nucleus, lateral part MPOM - medial preoptic nucleus, medial part

IMH intermediate hypothalamic cell groups InM intermediate hypothalamic nucleus (SxD) Unn uncinate nucleus

AHA Anterior Hypothalamic Area SCh suprachiasmatic nucleus SChC – central, compact division SChD - dorsal division

Pa paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus PaAP - anterior parvocellular part PaD - dorsal part PaMC - magnocellular part PaPC - parvicellular part PaPo - posterior part

SO supraoptic nucleus SODL - dorsolateral part SOVM - ventromedial part SOT - tuberal part SOP - posterior part

IHA Infundibular (Tuberal) Hypothalamic Region VMH ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus VMHDM - dorsomedial part VMHVL - ventrolateral part VMS - shell

DMH dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus DMHD - diffuse part DMHC - compact part

Inf infundibular nucleus Inf infundibular nucleus

MHA Mammillary Region MB mammillary body SuM supramammillary nucleus MM medial mammillary nucleus, medial part ML medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part LM lateral mammillary nucleus

TM tuberomammillary complex (Brockhaus, 1942) TM tuberomammillary nucleus, principal part PeF perifornical nucleus

LTu lateral tuberal nucleus LTu lateral tuberal nucleus

LH Lateral Hypothalamic Area LH lateral hypothalamic area, anterior part LH lateral hypothalamic area, tuberal part LH lateral hypothalamic area, posterior part PalHy pallidohypothalamic nucleus

PH Posterior Hypothalamic Area PH posterior hypothalamic area

DH Dorsal Hypothalamic Area

Reconstruction of the human hypothalamus. Posterior view of rostrocaudal divisions (from top to bottom: preoptic, anterior, tuberal and mammillary region).

427

28

29 BNST

ADB

SCh

SCh

ox ox

- 2.7

- 2.0

30

31 BNST

BNST

PaAP

PaAP

LH PaPC

MPO

LH

HDB

DPc

MPO

HDB

AVPe SO

AVPe SChD SChC

- 1.3 428

- 0.6

32

34

BNST

BNST

MPOM PaPC MPOM

LH

LH

PaD

Unn PaAP

BC

PaMC

HDB MPOL InM

PaPC SCh

SO

+ 1.3

- 0.0

36

37

BNST

PaPC

PaPC

fx PaD

PaD

PaMC PaMC

LH

BC

DMHC

PeF

LH BC

DMH SODL VMHDM VMH VMHVL

SOVM Inf

Inf

+ 2.7

+ 4.0 429

38

39

PaPo

PaPC

LH

LH

fx

DMHD DMH

LH

DMHC PeF

fx

VMHDM

LTu

SODL

PeF

VMHDM VMHVL

SOVM

VMHVL

TM

Inf

+ 5.4

+ 6.9

40

41

PH PH

LH

LH

DMH

DMH fx

fx

SuM LTu

VMH

TM

TM ML MM

LM

MM

+ 8.0

430

+ 9.3

42

43

PH PH

LH SuM fx

LH

ML TM LM MM

MM

+ 10.7

+ 12.0

44

PH

LH

MM

+ 13.3

431

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2.6 Published Studies Referring to the Brain Represented in the Atlas of the Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates Numerous descriptive and quantitative studies have been performed on the very same brain represented in the Atlas of the Brain in Stereotaxic coordinates. The material on the following pages illustrates that almost all relevant structures and areas of the brain have undergone intensive studies. These include not only detailed morphological and architectural but also morphometric analyses. Relevant published delineations of structures and quantitative data concerning fresh volume, volume of serial sections, numeric cell density, volumetric cell density, absolute cell numbers

etc., have been assembled. References pertinent to these data are to be found at the end of this section. Most of the cited literature is available in full, including figures, in an editable format on the website: www.thehumanbrain.info. Therefore, the additional information from the various authors can be counter referenced to the Atlas. It is noteworthy that many of such studies were performed in order to quantify morphological changes associated with either neurologic or psychiatric diseases. The 3-D reconstructions shown in this section were derived from Atlas sections.

2.6.1 Histological, Morphometric and Histochemical Studies BRAIN Weight, Volume and Linear Dimensions Brain weight (in formalin) Fresh volume (cm3)

1383 1316

Length (L)* Width (W)* Height (H)* Length + Width + Height +



R 171 71 97 120 63 82

L 170 71 96 122 64 82

R: right hemisphere, L: left hemisphere * Formalin fixed brain; + after histological preparation

Shrinkage Factors (SF) SFw Lange, Thörner (1974) SFl Lange, Thörner (1974) SFl Sievert (1992)



R 2.13 1.89 1.74

L 2.22 1.81 1.82

SFw (Weight related shrinkage factor ) = [(Bw * 0,88 /1,0365) / serial section volume of hemisphere], where Bw = brain weight, Factor 0,88 = [ weight of hemisphere ] / [ brain weight], Factor 1.0365 = mean specific brain weight). SF : Loss of volume from the fixed autopsy brains to the histological material. SFl : Linear calculated volume shrinkage factor = [ L*W*H (autopsy brain in formaline) ] / [ L*W*H (serial paraffin sections) ], where L = length of hemisphere; W = width of hemisphere; H = height of hemisphere. Hopf, A., Gihr, M., Kraus, C. (1967).

PROSENCEPHALON 3 Fresh volume (cm ) Volume of serial sections (cm3)

CEREBRAL CORTEX R 549 267

L 527 262

Lange, H., Albring, K.M. (1979); Albring, K.M. (1983); Lange, H., Thörner, G. (1974).

3 Fresh volume (cm ) Volume of serial sections (cm3)

R 297 144

L 303 139

Lange, H., Albring, K.M. (1979); Albring, K.M. (1983); Lange, H., Thörner, G. (1974).

433

CEREBRAL CORTEX fresh volume of cortical regions (cm3) R Brain weight (in formalin) 261

Isocortex (ICx)

Isocortex frontalis (ICx.f.) ICx.f. convexitatis ICx.f. medialis ICx.f. opercularis dorsalis ICx.f. opercularis basalis ICx.f. basalis Area (A.) gigantocellularis (gc) A. gc. convexitatis A. gc. medialis ICx.parietalis (ICx.pa) ICx.pa. convexitatis ICx.pa. medialis ICx.pa. opercularis Regio postcentralis (R.p) R.p. convexitatis R.p. medialis ICx. temporalis (ICx.t) ICx. t. dorsalis R. temporalis transversalis (R.tv) R.tv. R.tv.2 Parieto-temporal convexity ICx. occipitalis A18 + A19 A17

101 63 22 3.6 0.8 11 5.1 3.8 1.3 44 24 16 4.9 13 11 2.1 41 7.7 2.6 1.9 0.7 38 37 30 7.6

103 64 22 3.2 1.2 12 5.5 4.0 1.5 42 22 15 5.1 15 12 2.5 49 7.8 2.2 1.6 0.6 38 43 35 7.9

Claustro-Cx. temporalis 1.2 Claustro-Cx. insularis 7.4 Tbc. olfactorium, R. praepiriformis frontalis, Peri-Palaeo-Cx. frontalis 0.9 Palaeo-Cx. temporalis 0.5 Archi-Cx. frontalis 7.3 Archi-Cx. parietalis 5.6 Archi-Cx. temporalis 7.3

0.7 7.3

Allocortex (with Proisocortex)

L 277

0.5 0.4 7.0 4.4 6.2

Albring, K.M. (1983).

Lange, H., Albring, K.M. (1979); Albring, K.M. (1983).

Further studies:

Beheim-Schwarzbach, D. (1952); Braitenberg G. V. (1952); Brockhaus, H. (1940); Busch, K.-T. (1960); Heinze, G. (1954); Sanides, F. (1952); Schulze, H.A (1960).

HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION

CLAUSTRUM

Reconstruction of the human hippocampus of the Atlas brain. Mai, J.K., Majtanik, M.

Further study: Falkai, P (1989).

434

Brockhaus, H. (1949).

AMYGDALOID COMPLEX

Brockhaus, H. (1938).

Further study: Sanides, F. (1957).

Oblque view on the reconstruction of the human amygdaloid complex of the Atlas brain. BL: basolateral nucleus; BLVM: basolateral nucleus, ventral part; BM: basomedial nucleus; BMDM: basomedial nucleus, dorsomedial part; BMVM: basomedial nucleus, ventromedial part; L: lateral nucleus; BL: basolateral nucleus; PCo: posterior cortical nucleus. Mai, J.K., Majtanik, M. (2014).

SEPTAL NUCLEI AND BED NUCLEUS OF STRIA TERMINALIS

ENK

NT

NPY

SOM

Subareas of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as distinguished by immunoreactivity for different neuropeptides (NT: neurotensin, NPY: neuropeptide Y; SOM: somatostatin; ENK: L- and M-enkephalin; VIP: Vasoactive intestinal

VIP

SP

NPH

polypeptide; SP: Substance P; NPH Neurophysin I,II. (modified from: Walter, A., Mai, J.K., Lanta, L., Görcs, T., 1991).

Further study: Brockhaus, H. (1942).

BASAL NUCLEAR COMPLEX

Brockhaus, H. (1942): Schema of the human basal nuclear complex.

Further studies:

Buttlar-Brentano, K.v. (1954,1955,1956); Morres S. A., Mai J. K., Teckhaus L. (1992).

Reconstruction of the human basal nuclear complex of the Atlas brain together with the anterior commissure (orange) and optic chiasma and tract (yellow). MS: medial septal nucleus; DB: diagonal nucleus; Ch4: basal nucleus of Meynert. Original data from Morres et al., 1992. Mai, J.K., Majtanik, M. (2014).

435

BASAL GANGLIA STRIATUM Volume of serial sections (10 mm3) Caudate nucleus Putamen

R





L

298 360

269 343

2029 156 7360

2248 156 7835

454

393

859

891

Numeric cell density (number / mm3) Small neurons (x10) Large neurons Glial cells (x10) Volumetric neuronal density (10-2 %) Nuclear diameter (10-2 μm) Small neurons

Albring, K.M. (1983); Lange, H., Albring, K.M. (1979); Lange, H., Thörner, G. (1974); Lange, H., Thörner G., Hopf, A. (1975a,b; 1976); Lange, H., Thörner, G., Hopf, A., Schröder, K.F.(1976).

Oblique anterior view of the human striatum. Mai, J.K., Majtanik, M. (2014).

CAUDATE NUCLEUS

GLOBUS PALLIDUS 3

Numeric cell density (number / mm ) Macroneurons (L) 270 Microneurons (S) 22,663 L/S 1/83 Average diameter in μm 10.78

Volume of serial sections (mm3) External globus pallidus EGP Internal globus pallidus IGP

R



L

656 289

560 238

Neurons EGP 763 IGP 625 Glial cells (*103 ) EGP 124 IGP 118

994 588 132 120

Numeric cell density (number / mm3)

PUTAMEN 3

Numeric cell density (number / mm ) Macroneurons (L) 163 Microneurons (S) 19,953 L/S 1/119 Average diameter in μm 9.47 Dom. R. (1976); Dom, R., De Saedeleer, J., Bogerts, B., Hopf, A. (1981).

Further studies: Brockhaus, H. (1942); Namba, M. (1957); Sanides, F. (1957).

Volumetric cell density (10-3 %) Neurons Glial cells

EGP IGP EGP IGP

290 210 450 510

380 270 620 580

Lange, H., Albring, K.M. (1979).

HYPOTHALAMUS

Wahren, W. (1952), modified. The diagram shows the positions of the sections of the left hemisphere of the Atlas brain as delineated by W. Wahren in Schaltenbrand G. and Wahren, W.: Atlas for Stereotaxy of the Human Brain. IInd ed. G. Thieme, Stuttgart (1977).

Further studies:

Brockhaus, H. (1942); Buttlar-Brentano, K.v. (1954); Mai, J.K., Kedziora, O., Teckhaus, L. & M.V. Sofroniew (1991). 3-D reconstructions of individual hypothalamic nuclei also based on the Atlas brain have been published Koutcherov, I.et al., (2000; 2004; 2007).

436

Reconstruction of the human hypothalamus (posterior-anterior view). Koutcherov, Y. (2008); Mai J.K., Majtanik, M. (2014).

THALAMUS Numeric cell density (number / mm3) Small neurons

anterior thalamus medial thalamus lateral thalamus posterior thalamus

3,522 4,544 1,012 4,686

Large neurons

anterior thalamus medial thalamus lateral thalamus posterior thalamus

6,177 5,538 3,248 7,618



Dom, R. et al.(1981); Dom. R. (1976).

Further studies: anterior ncl.: Fünfgeld, E.W. (1952, 1954) mediodorsal ncl.: Bäumer, H. (1952); Namba, M. (1958) lateral ncl.: Bäumer, H. (1952,1954); Dom, R. (1976).

Reconstruction of the human thalamus of the Atlas brain. Am, AV,DSF: anterior group nuclei; VAM, VAL, VL, VPL: lateral nuclei; LG, MG geniculate nuclei; Pul: pulvinar; opt: optic chiasma and tract; st; stria terminalis. Mai, J.K., Forutan, F. (2013).

SUBTHALAMUS SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

Fresh volume (cm3)

Zona incerta



R 0.139

h1+h2

L 0.119

STh

SN

Volumes of serial sections (mm3) Subthalamic ncl., med. part

SThM SThL total

31.7 35.7 67.4

31.2 26.6 57.9

MM

R

SN

STh R

SN

SN

Numeric cell density (number / mm3) STh

Neurons (*10)

SThL SThM

375 357 591 516

R SN SN

Volumetric cell density STh -2

Neurons (10 %)

R SN



SThL SThM

142 162

199 223

SN

STh

Volumetric cell density (%)

R

SN

SN

Neurons:



Glia



SThL SThM SThL SThM

2.48 1.87 0.99 0.923

STh R SN

N. zonae incertae dorsooralis

Numeric cell density (number / mm3)

N. zonae incertae dorsocaudalis

Absolute cell numbers

SThL SThM



7,417 8,046 232 287

N. zonae incertae ventralis N. zonae incertae praerubralis

700 600

Füssenich, M.S.U. (1967).

N. zonae incertae caudalis

Brockhaus, H. (1942, modified): Delineations derived from the left hemisphere (L4) of the Atlas brain. Abbrev.: h1+h2: thalamic and lenticular fascicles; R: red nucleus; SN: substantia nigra; STh: subthalamic nucleus.

Further studies:

Brockhaus, H. (1942); Klatzo, I. (1954); Lange, H., Thörner, G. (1974); Lange, H., Thörner G., Hopf, A. (1975a,b; 1976); Lange, H., Thörner, G., Hopf, A., Schröder, K.F. (1976); Marani, E., Tjitske, H., Lakke, E.A.J.F., Usunoff K.G. (2008).

437

MESENCEPHALON RED NUCLEUS

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Volumes of serial sections (mm3) Dorsomedial quadrant Dorsolateral quadrant ventrolateral quadrant ventromedial quadrant

r1 r2 r3 r4

26.6 35.9 35.8 35.2

Numeric cell density (number/mm3) R L Neurons r1 171 172 r2 124 95 r3 104 103 r4 104 104 Glial cells r1 446 421 r2 384 336 r3 320 402 r4 309 308

48 (+ 18.6)

50 (+ 21.2)

52 (+ 23.9)

54 (+ 26.5)

Volumetric density (%) Neurons Glial cells

r1 r2 r3 r4 r1 r2 r3 r4

57 28 25 21 78 74 74 72

51 24 27 23 69 58 60 56

values without shrinkage factor-correction

Herbel, W. (1979); Sander, H.A. (1981).

55 (+ 27.8)

Hassler (1937, 1938).

Further studies:

Bogerts, B., Häntsch, J., Herzer, M. (1982); Solcher, H. (1956).

LOWER BRAINSTEM

L/M-Enkephalin

Substance P

Locus coeruleus: Wünscher, W. (1956); Superior olive: Beheim-Schwarzbach, D. (1955); Wünscher, W. (1956).

CELL STUDIES Hempel, K.-J., Treff, W.M. (1959); Klatzo, I. (1954); Schiffer, D.(1954); Treff, W.M., Hempel, K.-J. (1959).

29 (- 1.7)

NEUROACTIVE SUBSTANCES Mai, J.K., Kedziora, O., Teckhaus, L., Sofroniew M.V. (1991); Mai, J.K., Stephens, P., A. Hopf, Cuello A.C. (1986); Mai, J. K., Reifenberger, G. (1988); Pioro, E.P., Mai, J. K., Cuello, A.C. (1990); Walter, A., Jimenez-Härtel, W., Mai J.K. (1990); Walter, A., Mai, J.K., Lanta, L., Görcs T. (1991).

438

35 (+ 2.3) Mai, J.K., Stephens, P., A. Hopf, Cuello A.C. (1986).

2.6.2 References The full text of the references which are indicated by an asterisk (*) are available on the website: www.thehumanbrain.info Albring, K.M. (1983) Quantitative Untersuchungen 33 Rindenregionen des menschlichen Gehirns. Thesis, Univ. of Düsseldorf. *Bäumer, H. (1952) Untersuchungen am Ncl. medialis und lateralis thalami bei Schizophrenie.Proc. I st Intl. Congr. Neuropathol. Rom. Rosenberg & Sellier, Torino. Vol. 3, pp. 636-647. *Bäumer, H. (1954) Veränderungen des Thalamus bei Schizophrenie. J. Hirnforsch. 1, 156-172. Beheim-Schwarzbach, D. (1952) Anatomische Veränderungen im Schläfenlappen bei „funktionellen“ Psychosen. Proc. I st. Intl. Congr. Neuropathol. Rom. Rosenberg & Sellier, Torino.Vol. 3, pp. 609-620. Beheim-Schwarzbach, D. (1955) Lebensgeschichte der melaninhaltigen Nervenzellen des Ncl. coeruleus unter normalen und pathogenen Bedingungen. J. Hirnforsch. 2, 62-95. Bogerts, B., Häntsch, J., Herzer, M. (1982) A morphometric study of the dopaminecontaining cell groups in the mesencephalon of normals,Parkinson patients and schizophrenics. Thesis, Düsseldorf. *Braitenberg, G. V. (1952) Ricerche istopatologiche sulla corteccia frontale di schizofrenici. Proc. I st. Intl. Cong. Neuropathol. Rom. Rosenberg & Sellier, Torino. Vol. 3, pp. 621-626. *Brockhaus, H. (1938) Zur normalen und pathologischen Anatomie des Mandelkerngebietes. J. Psychol. Neurol. 49, 1-136. *Brockhaus, H. (1940) Die Cyto- und Myeloarchitektonik des Cortex claustralis und des Claustrum beim Menschen. J. Psychol. Neurol. 49, 249-348. *Brockhaus, H. (1942) Beitrag zur normalen Anatomie des Hypothalamus und der Zona incerta beim Menschen. J. Psychol. Neurol. 51, 96-195. *Brockhaus, H. (1942) Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen über den Basalkernkomplex. J. Psychol. Neurol. 51, 57-95. *Brockhaus, H. (1942) Zur feinen Anatomie des Septum und des Striatum. J. Psychol. Neurol. 51, 1-56. Translated in: Human Brain Dissection. Pope A. ed. (1983) U.S. Government Printing Office Publ. 381-132: 3096. *Busch, K.-T. (1960) Individuelle architektonische Differenzen der Area striata. J. Hirnforsch. 4, 535-552. *Buttlar-Brentano, K.v. (1954) Zur Lebensgeschichte des Ncl. basalis, tuberomammillaris, supraopticus und paraventricularis unter normalen und pathogenen Bedingungen. J. Hirnforsch. 1, 337-419. *Buttlar-Brentano, K.v. (1955) Das Parkinsonsyndrom im Lichte der lebensgeschichtlichen Veränderungen des Nucleus basalis. J. Hirnforsch. 2, 55-76. Buttlar-Brentano, K.v. (1956) Zur weiteren Kenntnis der Veränderung des Basalkerns bei Schizophrenen. J. Hirnforsch. 2, 271-291. *Dom, R., De Saedeleer, J., Bogerts, B., Hopf, A. (1981) Quantitative cytometric analysis of basal ganglia in catatonic schizophrenics. In: Biological Psychiatry (eds. Perris, C. Struwe, G & Jansson B), Elsevier, North-Holland pp. 723-726. *Dom. R. (1976) Neostriatal and Thalamic Inter-neurons. Their role in the pathophysiology of Huntington‘s chorea, Parkinson‘s disease and catatonic schizophrenia. Thesis, Univ. of Leuven. *Falkai, P. (1988). Hippocampal pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study. Thesis, Düsseldorf. *Fünfgeld, E.W. (1952) Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen im Nucleus anterior thalami bei Schizo phrenie, Proc. I st . Intl. Cong. Neuropathol. Rom. Rosenberg & Sellier, Torino. Vol. 3, pp. 648-659. *Fünfgeld, E.W. (1954) Der Nucleus anterior thalami bei Schizophrenie. J. Hirnforsch. 1, 146-155. Füssenich, M.S.U. (1967) Vergleichend anatomische Studien über den Nucleus subthalamicus (Corpus Luysi) bei Primaten.Thesis, Univ. of Freiburg. *Hassler, R. (1937) Zur Normalanatomie der Substantia nigra. Versuch einer architektonischen Gliederung. J. Psychol. Neurol. 48, 1-55. Hassler R (1938) Zur Pathologie der Paralysis agitans und des postencephalitischen Syndroms. J. Psychol. Neurol. 48: 387-476. *Heinze G. (1954) Zytoarchitektonische Untergliederung der Area occipitalis. J. Hirnforsch. 1: 173-198. *Hempel, K.-J. (1958) Histopathologische Untersuchungen am Supranucleus medialis-dorsalis thalami bei Schizophrenie J. Hirnforsch. 4, 371-411. *Hempel, K.-J., Treff, W.M. (1959) Die Gliazelldichte bei klinisch Gesunden und Schizophrenen. J. Hirnforsch. 4, 371-411. *Herbel, W. (1979) Zur Neuroanatomie und Neuro-pathologie des Nucleus ruber beim Menschen. Thesis, University of Düsseldorf. *Hopf, A., Gihr, M., Kraus, C. (1967) Vergleichende Architektonik des Primatenthalamus. Progr. Primatol. I. Congress of the International Primatological Society, Frankfurt, pp.120-127. Klatzo, I. (1954) Über das Verhalten des Nukleolar-apparates in den menschlichen Pallidumzellen. J. Hirnforsch. 1, 47-60. Koutcherov, I., Mai, J.K., Ashwell, K.W.S., Paxinos, G.:(2000) The organization of the human paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 423: 299-318. Koutcherov, I., Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G. (2004) Organisation of the human dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. NeuroReport: 15 (1), 107-111. Koutcherov, Y. Paxinos, G. Mai, J. (2007) The organization of the human medial preoptic nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:392–406. *Lange, H., Albring, K.M. (1979) Quantitative Untersuchungen an 33 Rindenregionen des menschlichen Gehirns. Verh. Anat. Ges. 73, 107-109.

*Lange, H., Thörner, G. (1974) Zur Neuroanatomie und Neuropathologie des Corpus striatum, Globus pallidus und Nucleus subthalamicus beim Menschen, Thesis, Düsseldorf. *Lange, H., Thörner G., Hopf, A. (1975) Morphometrisch-statistische Strukturanalysen des Striatum, Pallidum und Nucleus subthalamicus beimMenschen, Teil 1, J. Hirnforsch. 16, 333-350. *Lange, H., Thörner G., Hopf, A. (1975) Morphometrisch-statistische Strukturanalysen des Striatum, Pallidum und Nucleus subthalamicus beim Menschen, Teil 2, [Morphometrical-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. II. Globus pallidus]. J. Hirnforsch. 16, 401-413. German. PMID: 1214059 Lange, H., Thörner, G., Hopf, A. (1976) Morphometrisch-statistische Strukturanalysen des Striatum, Pallidum und Nucleus subthalamicus beim Menschen, Teil 3, [Morphometric-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidum and nucleus subthalamicus. III. Nucleus subthalamicus]. J. Hirnforsch. 17(1), 31–41. 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Yilmazer-Hanke, D.M. (2012) Amygdala. In: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed., Eds. Mai, J.K., Paxinos, G.: Academic Press/Elsevier, San Diego, pp. 761-823.

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Index List of Structures Names of structures are listed separately for different regions( Cortex regions; Gyri, Surface Morphology; Sulcii; ... ). Each name is followed by the abbreviation of the structure.

Cortex regions agranular insular cortex (claustrocortex insularis) AIn amygdalohippocampal area AHi ... Gyri, Surface Morphology ambiens gyrus AG amygdalostriatal transition area AStr ...

Cortex regions

Gyri, Surface Morphology

agranular insular cortex (claustrocortex insularis) AIn amygdalohippocampal area AHi anterior cingulate cortex (B.Vogt) ACC anterior midcingulate cortex (B.Vogt) aMCC area orbitoinsularis AOI area piriformis insulae API Brodmann areas 1-52 BA1-52 CA1 field of hippocampus CA1 CA2 field of hippocampus CA2 CA3 field of hippocampus CA3 cortico-amygdaloid transition area CxA dorsal presubiculum dPrS dorsal temporopolar region DTP entorhinal cortex EC entorhinal cortex Ent entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal subfield Ec entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield EI entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield ELR entorhinal cortex, medial intermediate subfield EMI entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield Eo entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield ER fascia dentata FD fields of hippocampus CA1-3 fimbria of the hippocampus fi frontal limbic area FLA frontopolar cortex (or gyrus) FrP hippocampal head HiH hippocampo amygdaloid transitional area HATA hippocampus Hi insula Ins lateral temporopolar cortex TPCl lingual-parahippocampal transition area LPHT margo denticulatus MDe medial temporopolar cortex TPCm olfactory area OlfA parahippocampal area TF TF parahippocampal area TH TH parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area PHA parainsular region PIR parastriate area PStr parasubiculum PaS parietooccipital transition zone POTZ periamygdalar area PAA periamygdaloid cortex PAC periamygdaloid cortex PAM perirhinal cortex PRC perirhinal cortex, BA 35 PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 PRC36 perisplenial cortex(B.Vogt ) PSC piriform cortex Pir piriform cortex, frontal part PirF piriform cortex, temporal part PirT postcentral insular cortex PCI posterior cingulate cortex (B.Vogt) PCC posterior midcingulate cortex (B.Vogt) pMCC precommissural archicortex PCA precuneiform area PrCuF precuneus PCun presubiculum PrS retrosplenial cortex RSC retrosplenial limbic gyri RSG striate area AStr subcallosal area SCA subiculum S temporooccipital transition zone TOTZ temporopolar cortex TPC

ambiens gyrus AG amygdalostriatal transition area AStr angular gyrus AnG angular gyrus, anterior division AAnG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrGL anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus, medial part AOrGM anterior angular gyrus AAnG anterior central operculum COp-a anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, medial part AOrG-m anterior subcentral gyrus ASCe anterior transverse temporal gyrus TTG1 arcus parieto-occipitalis, anterior division APOc-a arcus parieto-occipitalis, posterior division APOc-p basal operculum BOp brainstem BSt central operculum (Rolandi) COp cerebellar hemisphere CH cerebellum Cb cingulate gyrus CG cuneal point *CP cuneolingual gyrus (in depth) *X cuneus Cun dentate gyrus DG diverticulum unci du fasciolar gyrus FG frontal dimple fd frontal lobe FL frontal operculum FOp frontal pole FP frontomarginal gyrus FMG fusiform gyrus FuG fusiform gyrus, posterior part FuG-p gyri Andreae Retzii ARG gyrus ambiens GA gyrus descendens GDe gyrus semilunaris GSL gyrus uncinate GU inferior frontal gyrus IFG inferior frontal gyrus, ascending part IFG-asc inferior frontal gyrus, basilar part IFG-ba inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part IFGTr inferior frontopolar gyrus IFPG inferior lingual gyrus ILG inferior lingual gyrus ILgG inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, medial part ILG-m inferior occipital gyrus IOG inferior parietal lobule IPL inferior rostral gyrus IRoG inferior sagittal gyrus ISG inferior temporal gyrus ITG inferior temporopolar region ITP infundibular stalk InfS insular gyrus IG insular pole IPo intermediate orbital gyrus IOrG isthmus I isthmus of cingulate gyrus ICG lamina terminalis LT lateral fusiform gyrus LFuG lateral orbital gyrus LOrG limen insulae Li lingual gyrus (O5) LgG medial fusiform gyrus MFuG medial orbital gyrus MOrG

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medulla oblongata Md middle frontal gyrus MFG middle frontopolar gyrus MFPG middle occipital gyrus MOG middle sagittal gyrus MSG middle temporal gyrus MTG occipital gyrus (gyri) OcG occipital pole OcP occipito-temporal gyrus OTG olfactory bulb OB olfactory trigone OTr optic papilla pap orbital gyrus/gyri OrG orbitofrontal gyri OFG paracentral fossa pcf paracentral lobule PCL paracingulate gyrus PCg parahippocampal gyrus PHG paraterminal gyrus PTG parietal operculum POp parieto-occipital arc (first parieto-occipital « plis de passage » of Gratiolet) POc parieto-occipital arc, anterior part POc-A parieto-occipital arc, posterior part POc-P perisplenial gyri (von Economo) PSG planum polare PPo planum polare, lateral part PPo-l planum temporale PTe pons Pons postcentral gyrus PoG posterior angular gyrus PAnG posterior central operculum COp-p posterior orbital gyrus POrG posterior subcentral gyrus PSCe posterior transverse temporal gyrus TTG2 posteromedial orbital lobule PMOL precallosal gyrus PCG precentral gyrus PrG preoccipital notch pi radiation of straight gyrus rsg radiation of straight gyrus sgr rostral gyrus RoG spinal cord Spinal straight gyrus SG striate area (Brodmann area 17) 17 subcallosal gyrus SCG subsplenial gyrus SSpG superior frontal gyrus SFG superior frontal gyrus, lateral part SFGL superior frontal gyrus, medial part SFGM superior frontopolar gyrus SFPG superior lingual gyrus SLG superior lingual gyrus SLgG superior medullary velum SMV superior occipital gyrus SOG superior occipital gyrus, lat part SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, medial part SOG-m superior parietal lobule SPL superior rostral gyrus SRoG superior sagittal gyrus SSG superior sagittal gyrus, anterior part SSG-a superior sagittal gyrus, posterior part SSG-p superior temporal gyrus STG supramarginal gyrus SMG temporal lobe TL temporal operculum TOp temporal pole TP temporopolar gyrus TPG transverse insular gyrus TIG transverse temporal gyrus/gyri TTG uncal notch unn

uncus Un vermis of cerebellum Ver

Sulci accessory callosal sulcus acals accessory superior frontal sulcus asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus asfs-m accessory supraorbital sulcus asos angular sulcus angs anterior intermediate parietal sulcus (Jensen) impI anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen imI anterior occipital sulcus aos anterior occipital sulcus, dorsal segment aos-d anterior occipital sulcus, inferior ramus aos-i anterior occipital sulcus, superior ramus aos-s anterior parietal sulcus (Vogt), (precuneal limiting sulcus) apa anterior parolfactory sulcus aps anterior parolfactory sulcus, inferior branch apsi anterior parolfactory sulcus, superior branch apss anterior subcentral sulcus ascs anterior transverse collateral sulcus atcos calcarine sulcus cs calcarine sulcus, anterior part acs calcarine sulcus, central part ccs calcarine sulcus, central part cs-c callosal sulcus cals central sulcus ce choroidal fissure chf cingulate sulcus cgs cingulate sulcus, anterior p cgs-a cingulate sulcus, posterior p cgs-p circular insular sulcus cis collateral sulcus (medial occipitotemporal sulcus) cos collateral sulcus, occipital ramus cos-o collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus cos-ph collateral sulcus, temporal ramus cos-t cuneal limiting sulcus culs diagonal sulcus dgs endorhinal sulcus ers fragmentosus sulcus frs frontal paramidline sulcus fmps frontal paramidline sulcus fpms frontomarginal sulcus fms fronto-orbital sulcus fors frontopolar sulcus fps Heschl sulcus sH hippocampal fissure hf inferior cingulate sulcus cgs-i inferior frontal sulcus ifs inferior frontopolar sulcus ifps inferior occipital sulcus ios inferior postcentral sulcus ipocs inferior precentral sulcus iprs inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) iss inferior temporal sulcus its intermediate frontal sulcus imfs intermediate orbital sulcus imos intermediate orbital sulcus iors intralingual sulcus ils intraparietal sulcus ips intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment ips-h intrarhinal sulcus irhs intrarhinal sulcus irs lateral (Sylvian) fissure lf lateral fissure, horizontal segment lf-h lateral fissure, anterior segment lf-a lateral fissure, middle segment lf-m lateral fissure, posterior segment lf-p lateral fissure, vertical segment lf-v lateral frontomarginal sulcus lfms lateral occipitotemporal sulcus lots lateral orbital sulcus lors lateral occipital sulcus los lingual sulcus lgs lingual sulcus, posterior ramus lg-p lunate sulcus lus marginal precentral sulcus maprs marginal segment of cingulate sulcus cgs-mg medial frontomarginal sulcus mfms middle frontopolar sulcus mfps middle orbital sulcus mors midfusiform sulcus mfs occipitopolar sulcus (extreme fissure of Seitz) ops olfactory sulcus olfs orbital sulcus ors paracentral sulcus pacs paracingulate sulcus pcgs paraterminal sulcus pts parieto-occipital fissure pof polar sulcus ps postcentral sulcus pocs posterior orbital sulcus pors posterior orbital sulcus, middle branch porsm posterior paramidline sulcus ppms posterior parietal sulcus (Vogt) ppa posterior parolfactory sulcus pps posterior transverse collateral sulcus ptcos postreme subcallosal sulcus posc precentral sulcus prs

precuneal limiting sulcus prculs precuneal sulcus prcus preolfactory transverse sulcus polfs preopercular sulcus prop pretriangular sulcus prts radiate sulcus (Eberstaller) ras retrocalcarine sulcus, lower branch rcs-i retrocalcarine sulcus, upper branch rcs-s rhinal sulcus rhs rostral sulcus ros rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch ros-i rostral sulcus, superior (upper) branch ros-s second intermediate parietal sulcus imII semiannular sulcus sas subcalcarine sulcus scs subparietal sulcus sbps sulcus acusticus acus sulcus semiannularis ssa superior frontal sulcus sfs superior frontopolar sulcus sfps superior occipital sulcus sos superior parietal sulcus spas superior postcentral sulcus spcs superior precentral sulcus sprs superior sagittal sulcus sss superior temporal sulcus sts superior temporal sulcus, anterior segment sts-a superior temporal sulcus, ascending segment sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment sts-h superior temporal sulcus, posterior segment sts-p supraorbital sulcus sors third intermediate parietal sulcus imIII transverse occipital sulcus tos transverse occipital sulcus, lateral ramus tos-l transverse occipital sulcus, medial ramus tos-m transverse orbital sulcus tors transverse temporal sulcus tvt triangular sulcus ts uncal sulcus us vertical ramus of lateral fissure lfv

Ventricular system, CSF arachnoid granulations argr calcar avis cal cavity of septum pellucidum CSP central part of lateral ventricle CLV cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) Aq choroid plexus chpx cistern Ci fourth ventricle 4V frontal horn of lateral ventricle FLV great (cerebellomedullary) cistern GrCi interpeduncular cistern IPCi interpeduncular fossa IPF interventricular foramen IVF lateral ventricle LV occipital horn of lateral ventricle OLV pontine cistern PoCi preoptic recess of the third ventricle P3V subarachnoid space SArS tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle tclv temporal horn of lateral ventricle TLV tenia of fimbria tfi tenia of fornix tfx tenia of thalamus tt tenia semicircularis tsc third ventricle 3V trigone of lateral ventricle TrLV velum terminale vt

Nuclei and Subcortical Brain Areas accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus AB accumbens nucleus Ac accumbens nucleus, central part AcC accumbens nucleus, lateral part AcL accumbens nucleus, medial part AcM amygdala Amg amygdaloid island (extended amygdala) AI anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus APul anterior amygdaloid area AAA anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus ACo anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal part ACoD anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part ACoV anterior hypothalamic area AHA anterior lateral preoptic nucleus ALPO anterior medial preoptic nucleus AMPO anterior olfactory nucleus (retrobulbar region) AO anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part AOP anterior perforated substance APS anterior thalamic nucleus ATh anterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VLA anterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, external part VLAE anterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, internal part VLAI anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) ADPul anterodorsal thalamic nucleus AD anteromedial thalamic nucleus AM anteroprincipal (anteroventral) thalamic nucleus APr anteroventral nucleus (anteroprincipal nucleus) AV

anteroventral periventricular hypothalamic nucleus AVPe arcuate nucleus Arc basal (inferior) ventrolateral thalamic nucleus [VPI] (entry zone of the cerebellar fibers) VLb basal nucleus, compact part BC basal nucleus, diffuse part BD basal ventroanterior thalamic nucleus [VM] (entry zone of nigral and amygdaloid afferents) VAb basal ventroposterior nucleus [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) VPb basolateral amygdaloid nucleus BL basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal (magnocellular) part BLD basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, intermediate part BLI basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, paralaminar part BLPL basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part BLVL basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part BLVM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus BM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, centromedial part BMCM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part BMDL basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, dorsomedial part BMDM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part BMVM bed nucleus of the stria terminalis BST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central division BSTC bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division BSTL bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular part BSTLJ bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division BSTM bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterior division BSTP bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterior division, lateral part BSTPL bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterior division, medial part BSTPM bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventral division BSTV body of caudate nucleus BCd capsule of red nucleus cr caudate nucleus Cd central amygdaloid nucleus Ce central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral part CeL central amygdaloid nucleus, medial part CeM central medial thalamic nucleus CeMe centromedian thalamic nucleus CM claustrum Cl commissural nucleus Co compact insular claustrum CoCl cucullaris nucleus Cuc cuneiform area CuA cuneiform nucleus CuF dentate nucleus Dt diffuse insular claustrum DiCl diffuse pulvinar nucleus DiPul dorsal claustrum DCl dorsal hypothalamic area DH dorsal hypothalamic nucleus DoH dorsal periventricular hypothalamic nucleus DPeH dorsal raphe nucleus DR dorsal superficial nucleus DSF dorsal tegmental nucleus DTg dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus DMH dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, compact part DMHC Edinger-Westphal nucleus EW entopeduncular nucleus EP extended amygdala EA external globus pallidus EGP fasciculosus nucleus Fa fundus region of caudate nucleus FCd fundus region of putamen FPu fundus striati FStr globus pallidus GP great terminal island GTI habenula Hb head of caudate nucleus HCd H-field of Forel H horizontal limb of the diagonal band HDB hypothalamus Hy indusium griseum IGr inferior colliculus IC inferior olive IO inferior pulvinar nucleus IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal part IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate part ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, ventral p IVPul infundibular nucleus Inf interfascicular nucleus IF intergeniculate pulvinar nucleus IGPul internal globus pallidus IGP interpeduncular nucleus IP interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure IPAC interthalamic adhesion IThA lateral amygdaloid nucleus La lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal anterior part LaDA lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal lateral part LaDL lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsomedial part LaDM lateral amygdaloid nucleus, intermediate part LaI lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part LaV lateral caudate nucleus CdL lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus LD lateral geniculate nucleus LG lateral habenular nucleus LHb lateral hypothalamic area LH lateral mammillary nucleus LM

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lateral pulvinar nucleus LPul lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part LSD lateral septal nucleus, intermediate part LSI lateral septal nucleus, ventral part LSV lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system LTN lateral thalamic nuclear region LTh lateral tuberal nucleus LTu lateral ventroanterior thalamic nucleus VAL lateral ventroposterior thalamic nucleus VPL laterodorsal nucleus, oral part LDO laterodorsal nucleus, superficial part LDSF laterodorsal tegmental nucleus LDTg limitans claustrum LiCl limitans nucleus Lim limitans putamen PuLi locus coeruleus LC mammillary body MB medial amygdaloid nucleus Me medial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part MeA medial caudate nucleus CdM medial geniculate nucleus MG medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal posterior part MGDP medial geniculate nucleus, fibrosus part MGFi medial geniculate nucleus, limitans part MGLi medial geniculate nucleus, magnocellular part MGMC medial geniculate nucleus, parvocellular part MGPC medial habenular nucleus MHb medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part ML medial mammillary nucleus, medial part MM medial preoptic nucleus MPO medial preoptic nucleus, lateral part MPOL medial pulvinar nucleus MPul medial putamen PuM medial septal nucleus MS medial ventroanterior thalamic nucleus VAM medial ventroposterior thalamic nucleus VPM medial ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part VPMPC median eminence ME median preoptic nucleus MnPO median raphe nucleus MnR mediodorsal thalamic nucleus MD mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part MDMC mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paralamellar part MDPL mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part MDPC mediolateral pulvinar nucleus MLPul mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Me5 microcellular tegmental nucleus MiTg nucleus Darkschewitsch Dk nucleus of the diagonal band DB nucleus of the diagonal band, angular part ADB olfactory tubercle Tu pallidohypothalamic nucleus PalHy parabigeminal nucleus PBG parabrachial pigmented nucleus PBP parafascicular thalamic nucleus PF paranigral nucleus PN paraoptic nucleus PaO paratenial thalamic nucleus PT paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Pa paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior parvocellular part PaAP paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part PaD paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, fornical part PaFo paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular part PaMC paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvocellular part PaPC paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part PaPo paraventricular thalamic nucleus PV peduncle of lentiform nucleus PedL periaqueductal gray PAG perifornical nucleus PeF peripeduncular area PPA peripeduncular nucleus PP periventricular nucleus Pe pineal gland Pi posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus PCo posterior hypothalamic area PH posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VLP posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, external part VLPE posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, internal part VLPI preamygdalar claustrum PACl prepiriform claustrum PPCl prereticular zone PRt pretectal area PTc pulvinar thalami Pul putamen Pu quadrigeminal plate QP red nucleus R red nucleus, parvocellular part RPC reticular thalamic nucleus Rt reticular thalamic nucleus Rt reuniens thalamic nucleus Re rostral linear nucleus RLi septofimbrial nucleus SFi septum pellucidum SptP sexual dimorphic nucleus SxD striatal cell bridge(s) SB subcaudate terminal island SCTI subfornical organ SFO

442

subparafascicular thalamic nucleus SPF substantia gliosa (subependymal gray) SGl substantia nigra SN substantia nigra, pars compacta SNC substantia nigra, pars reticulata SNR substriatal terminal island SSTI subthalamic nucleus STh superficial pulvinar nucleus SFPul superior colliculus SC superior pulvinar nucleus SPul superior ventroposterior thalamic nucleus (Kaas) VPS supracapsular part of the globus pallidus SCGP suprachiasmatic nucleus SCh suprageniculate nucleus SGe supramammillary nucleus SuM supraoptic nucleus SO supraoptic nucleus, dorsolateral part SODL supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial part SOVM tail of caudate nucleus TCd tectum of midbrain Tec temporal claustrum TCl thalamus Th triangular septal nucleus TS tubercular terminal islands TuTI tuberomammillary complex TMC tuberomammillary nucleus TM ventral caudate nucleus CdV ventral claustrum VCl ventral extension of BSTC BSTCV ventral pallidum VGP ventral periventricular hypothalamic nucleus VPeH ventral putamen PuV ventral tegmental area VTA ventroanterior thalamic nucleus (ventral anterior nucleus) VA ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part VAMC ventrointermedius nucleus VIM ventrolateral thalamic nucleus VL ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus VMH ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part VMHDM ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part VMHVL ventroposterior thalamic nucleus VP ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part VPPC vertical limb of the diagonal nucleus VDB zona incerta ZI zona incerta, dorsal part ZID zona incerta, ventral part ZIV

Fibers alveus of the hippocampus alv angular bundle Ab ansa cervicalis ancer ansa lenticularis al ansa peduncularis ap anterior commissure ac anterior commissure, anterior (olfactory) limb aco anterior corona radiata acr anterior limb of the internal capsule aic anterior longitudinal ligament all anterior thalamic peduncle athp anterior thalamic radiation atr apical ligament of dens ald arcuate fasciculus arc auditory radiation aud band of Giacomini bG body of corpus callosum bcc body of fornix bfx brachium of the inferior colliculus bic brachium of the superior colliculus bsc capsule of medial geniculate nucleus cmg central tegmental tract ctg cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentato-thalamic tract) crt cerebral peduncle cp cingulum bundle cgb column of fornix cfx comb system comb commissure of the inferior colliculi cic commissure of the superior colliculi csx corpus callosum cc corticospinal tract cst crus of fornix crfx decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles xscp diagonal band (Bandeletta diagonalis, Broca) db dorsal hippocampal commissure dhx dorsal tegmental decussation dtx dorsal trigeminothalamic tract tth external capsule ec external medullary lamina of the thalamus eml extreme capsule ex fasciculus mammillaris princeps mpr fasciculus retroflexus (habenulo-interpeduncular tract) fr forceps major of the corpus callosum fmj forceps minor of the corpus callosum fmi fornix fx fornix longus fxl genu of fornix gfx genu of the corpus callosum gcc genu of the internal capsule gic

habenular commissure hbx hippocampal commissure hx incomplete medullary lamina of the globus pallidus icml inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus ifo inferior longitudinal fasciculus ilf inferior thalamic peduncle ithp internal capsule ic internal medullary lamina of the thalamus iml internal sagittal stratum isst lateral lemniscus ll lateral longitudinal stria lls lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus lml lateral olfactory tract lo lenticular fasciculus h2 lenticular fasciculus lenf limiting medullary lamina of the globus pallidus liml longitudinal stria ls mammillotegmental tract mtg mammillothalamic tract mt medial forebrain bundle mfb medial lemniscus ml medial longitudinal fasciculus mlfc medial longitudinal stria mls medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus mml medial olfactory radiation molf middle cerebellar peduncle mcp middle longitudinal fasciculus mlf olfactory peduncle 1p olfactory radiation olfr olfactory tract olf optic chiasma ox optic radiation or optic tract opt orbitofrontal fibers ofr pallidohypothalamic fibers palhy pallidosubthalamic fibers psf pontine fibers pons posterior commissure pc posterior corona radiata pcr posterior limb of the internal capsule pic posterior thalamic radiation ptr precommissural fornix pcfx principal mammillary fasciculus prf pyramidal tract py radiation of corpus callosum racc rostrum of corpus callosum rcc sagittal stratum sstr spinothalamic tract spth splenium of the corpus callosum scc stria medullaris of thalamus sm stria terminalis st subcallosal fasciculus scal subcallosal stratum SCS subependymal stratum SEpS sublenticular part of the internal capsule slic sublenticular stria sls superficial medullary stratum sms superior cerebellar peduncle scp superior corona radiata scr superior fronto-occipital fasciculus sfo superior longitudinal fasciculus slf superior longitudinal fasciculus I, dorsal component slfI superior longitudinal fasciculus II, central component slfII superior longitudinal fasciculus III, ventral component slfIII superior occipitofrontal fasciculus sof superior thalamic stria str supramammillary commissure sumx supraoptic commissure sox tapetum tp thalamic fasciculus h1 thalamic radiation (corona radiata) thr triangular area (Wernicke) TrA uncinate fasciculus unc ventral amygdalofugal fibers (pathway) vaf ventral tegmental decussation vtx

Nerves, Ganglia abducens nerve or its root 6n accessory nerve 11n auriculotemporal nerve 5au buccal nerve bucn carotid plexus cpx cervical nerve cern cervical plexus cerpx chorda tympani cty facial nerve or its root 7n frontal nerve 5fr glossopharyngeal nerve 9n greater occipital nerve gocn greater petrosal nerve 7gp hypoglossal nerve or its root 12n inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve ial inferior alveolar nerve 5ial infraorbital nerve 5ior lacrimal nerve 5lac lingual nerve 5lg mandibular nerve 5man maxillary nerve 5mx motor root of trigeminal nerve 5mo mylohyoid nerve myhy

nasociliary nerve 5nc occipital artery, vein and (greater occipital) nerve occ oculomotor nerve 3n oculomotor nerve (inferior branch) 3ni oculomotor root 3r ophthalmic nerve 5oph optic nerve 2n optic tract opt otic ganglion Otic palatine nerve (s) paln parotid plexus papx pharyngeal branches phar posterior superior alveolar nerve psan pterygopalatine ganglion PtgPal superior cervical ganglion SCGn superior laryngeal nerve sln supratrochlear nerve sutrn sympathetic trunk Symp trigeminal ganglion 5Gn trigeminal nerve 5n trochlear nerve or its root 4n vagus nerve 10n ventral root vr vestibulocochlear nerve 8n

sublingual vein slgv submental artery sma submental vein smv superficial temporal artery sta superficial temporal vein stv superior cerebellar artery sca superior ophthalmic vein sophv superior posterior alveolar artery spala superior sagittal sinus sssi superior temporal artery, frontal branch staf superior temporal artery, middle branch stam superior temporal artery, posterior branch stap superior thyroid artery sthy superior thyroid vein sthyv supraorbital artery sora supratrochlear artery sutra supratrochlear vein sutrv temporal vein(s) tv thalamostriate vein tsv transverse facial artery tfa transverse facial vein tfv transverse sinus trs vein v vertebral artery vert

Arteries, Veins and Sinuses

Muscles

(anterior) choroidal artery cha angular artery anga angular artery and vein ang angular vein angv anterior auricular artery aaua anterior cerebral artery acer anterior inferior cerebellar artery aica ascending palatine artery apala ascending pharyngeal artery aph basilar artery bas callosal vein calv cavernous sinus cavs central artery of retina cret common carotid artery cctd confluence of sinuses cosi deep cervical artery and vein dpc deep lingual artery and vein dlg deep temporal artery dta descending palatine artery dpala diploic vein dip emissary vein emi external carotid artery ectd external jugular vein ejugv facial artery (glandular branches) fac facial vein facv greater palatine artery gpala greater palatine artery, vein and nerve gpal greater palatine vein gpalv inferior alveolar artery iala inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve ial inferior alveolar vein ialv inferior labial artery and vein ilab inferior petrosal sinus ipets inferior sagittal sinus issi inferior temporal artery ita infraorbital artery iora internal carotid artery ictd internal cerebral vein icv internal jugular vein (sigmoid sinus/jugular bulb) ijugv internal nasal vein inav internal vertebral venous plexus ivvpx labial artery lab lacrimal artery lac lacrimal vein lacv lingual artery lga lingual vein lgv maxillary artery mxa maxillary vein mxv middle cerebral artery mcer middle meningeal artery mm middle meningeal artery, frontal branch mmf middle meningeal artery, parietal branch mmp nasopalatine artery (sphenopalatine artery) npal occipital artery occa occipital artery, vein and (greater occipital) nerve occ occipital vein occv ophthalmic artery opha ophthalmic vein ophv posterior auricular artery paua posterior auricular artery and vein pau posterior auricular vein pauv posterior cerebral artery pcer posterior communicating artery pcoma posterior inferior cerebellar artery pica posterior nasal artery pna posterior superior alveolar artery psa posterior superior alveolar nerve psan pterygoid plexus ptgpx retroarticular (venous) plexus rapx retromandibular vein rmv septal vein sv sphenopalatine artery sphpal straight sinus ss sublingual artery slga

anterior cervical intertransversarii muscles AceIT anterior rectus capitis muscle AReCa aryepiglotticus muscle AryE buccinator muscle BucM cervical interspinal muscle CISM ciliaris muscle CilM corrugator supercilii muscle CSCil depressor anguli oris muscle DpAO depressor labii inferioris muscle DpLb depressor supercilii muscle DpSCil digastric muscle Dig digastric muscle, tendon DigT genioglossus muscle GeGl geniohyoid muscle GeHy greater zygomaticus muscle MjZyg hyoglossus muscle HyGl iliocostalis cervicis muscle ICCe inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx ICM inferior oblique capitis muscle IObCa inferior oblique muscle (tendon) IOb inferior rectus muscle IRec interspinalis muscle ISM intertransversarii muscles InTrM lateral pterygoid muscle LPtg lateral pterygoid muscle, lateral belly LPtgL lateral pterygoid muscle, medial belly LPtgM lateral rectus capitis muscle LReCa lateral rectus muscle LRec levator anguli oris muscle LAngO levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle LLbAN levator labii superioris muscle LLb levator palpebrae superioris muscle LPal levator scapulae muscle LSc levator veli palatini muscle LeVePal longissimus capitis muscle LgsCa longissimus cervicis muscle LgsCe longissimus cervicis muscle, tendon LgsCeT longus capitis and colli muscles LgC longus capitis muscle LgCa longus colli muscle LgCo masseter muscle MasM medial pterygoid muscle MPtg medial rectus muscle MRec mentalis muscle MentM middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx MCM middle scalenus muscle MScal minor zygomaticus muscle MiZyg multifidus cervicis muscle Mul mylohyoid muscle MyHy nasalis muscle Nas occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly OcFrF occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly OcFrO omohyoid muscle OmHy orbicularis oculi muscle OO orbicularis oris muscle OOr palatoglossus muscle PalGl palatopharyngeus muscle PalPh platysma Plat posterior auricular muscle PAu rectus capitis posterior major muscle RePMj rectus capitis posterior minor muscle RePMi risorius muscle RisM salpingopharyngeus muscle SalPh scalenus muscle ScalM semispinal cervicis muscle SSpCe semispinalis capitis muscle SSpCa spinalis muscle SpM splenius capitis and cervicis muscle SplM splenius capitis muscle SplCa splenius cervicis muscle SplCe sternohyoid muscle StHy sternomastoid muscle StM sternomastoid muscle, tendon StT styloglossus muscle StyGl

stylohyoid muscle StyHy stylopharyngeus muscle StyPh superior and middle constrictor muscle S/MCM superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx SCM superior constrictor muscle, pterygopharyngeal part SCMPP superior oblique capitis muscle SObCa superior oblique muscle SOb superior rectus muscle SRec temporalis muscle TempM temporalis muscle, tendon TempT tensor tympani muscle TenT tensor veli palatini muscle TeVePal thyrohyoid muscle ThHy trapezius muscle TzM zygomatic muscle(s) ZygM

Bones, Joints, Soft (connective) Tissue (tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, and synovial membranes) anterior arch of atlas AAT articular disc of temporo-mandibular joint Disc articular tubercle ATub atlanto-axial membrane AtAxMe atlantooccipital joint AtOc atlantooccipital membrane AtOcMe atlas (C1 vertebra) Atlas auditory tube Aud axis (C2 vertebra) Axis body of hyoid bone BHy body of mandible BMan buccal fat pad BFat cartilage of auditory tube CAT cervical vertebra Vert common anular tendon CAnT condylar process of the mandible Cond coronoid process of the mandible Cor crista galli CGal dens axis DAx diaphragma sellae DS dura mater Dura epiglottis EGl ethmoidal cell(s) EthC external auditory meatus EAud eyeball eye falx cerebri FxC frontal bone Fro frontal bone, nasal part FroN frontal bone, orbital part FroO frontal bone, squamosal part FroSq frontal bone,crest FroC frontal sinus FrS galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis) gapo greater horn of hyoid bone GHHy greater palatine foramen GPalF hamulus of the pterygoid bone HPtg hyoid bone Hyoid hypoglossal canal 12C incisive canal IncC inferior nasal concha INaC infraorbital canal IOrC infraorbital foramen IOrF internal auditory meatus IAud jugular process JugP lacrimal gland Lac lambdoid suture lds lateral lamina of pterygoid process LLPt lens Lens lingual follicle LgFo lingual gland Lg lingual septum LgSpt lymph node Ly major alar cartilage MjAC mandible Man mandibular canal ManC mandibular fossa ManF mastoid antrum MaA mastoid cells MstC mastoid process of temporal bone Mst maxilla Mx maxillary sinus MxS medial lamina of pterygoid process MLPt middle nasal concha MNaC nasal bone Na nasal septum NSpt nasolacrimal duct nlac nasopharyngeal tonsil NPhT nuchal fascia nuf nuchal ligament nl occipital bone Occ occipital sinus occs occipito-mastoid suture ocm oral cavity Oral orbital fat body OFat palatine bone Pal palatine gland(s) PalG palatine tonsil PtT parietal bone Par parotid duct ptdd parotid gland Ptd perpendicular plate PeP

443

pharyngeal opening of auditory tube oaud pharyngeal recess PhRe piriform recess PirR pituitary gland Pit posterior arch of atlas PAT prevertebral fascia pvf pterygoid canal PtgC pterygoid process Ptg pterygopalatine fossa PtPF salpingopalatinal fold SPalF salpingopharyngeal fold SPhF semicircular canals SCC semicircular ducts SCD septal nasal cartilage SeC sigmoid sinus sigs soft palate SPal sphenoid bone Sph

444

sphenoid sinus SphS sphenoid, greater wing SphGW sphenomandibular ligament sphml sphenoparietal sinus sphps sphenozygomatic suture sphzg spinous process of axis SpAx stylohyoid ligament shl styloid process Sty sublingual duct sld sublingual gland (and duct) SL submandibular duct smd submandibular gland SM superior horn of thyroid cartilage SHThC superior petrosal sinus spets temporal bone Temp temporal bone, petrosal part TempP temporal fascia tf

temporomandibular disc TMD tentorium cerebelli TCb thyrohyoid membrane ThHyMe thyroid cartilage ThC torus levatorius TLev torus tubarius TTub transverse ligament of atlas tla transverse process of fourth vertebra TrP4 transverse process of the atlas TrPAt tympanic cavity TyC uvula Uv vocal ligament vl vomer Vom zygomatic arch ZygA zygomatic bone Zyg

List of Abbreviations The abbreviations are listed in alphabetical order. Each abbreviation is followed by the structure name and the pages on which the abbreviation appears. However, for the sake of legibility we use the tilde symbol „ ~ „ in those cases where a structure appears in successive photographs or diagrams but not on every page. *CP *SP *X 10n 11n 12C 12n

cuneal point 97, 354 Sylvian point 96 cuneolingual gyrus (in depth) 97 vagus nerve 31, 33, 36~40, 55, 57, 76, 77 accessory nerve 34~39, 57, 77 hypoglossal canal 80, 81 hypoglossal nerve or its root 30~38, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 76, 77, 7981 striate area (Brodmann area 17) 17~25, 66-68, 405-407, 409-411 17 1p olfactory peduncle 97, 139, 143~171, 409 2n optic nerve 26, 27, 47, 49, 51, 80-83 3n oculomotor nerve 27, 51, 53, 55, 216~251, 256~264, 271 3N oculomotor nucleus 263, 265, 269, 271 oculomotor nerve (inferior branch) 28, 29, 30 3ni 3V third ventricle 21-25, 54~58, 197~211, 229~241 4n trochlear nerve or its root 27, 51, 280, 282 4V fourth ventricle 26, 29, 58 5au auriculotemporal nerve 30, 31 frontal nerve 26, 27, 47 5fr 5Gn trigeminal ganglion 28, 29, 53, 80, 81 5ial inferior alveolar nerve 31-33, 49, 51, 76-79 5ior infraorbital nerve 30, 31, 33, 34, 45, 47, 49, 79 5lg lingual nerve 30-36, 49, 51, 76-79 5man mandibular nerve 79 5mo motor root of trigeminal nerve 30, 31 5mx maxillary nerve 29, 51 5n trigeminal nerve 27, 55, 80 5nc nasociliary nerve 80 ophthalmic nerve 28, 29 5oph 6n abducens nerve or its root 51 7gp greater petrosal nerve 29, 55 7n facial nerve or its root 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 55, 73 vestibulocochlear nerve 29 8n glossopharyngeal nerve 34, 36-38, 49, 51, 53, 57, 76, 78 9n AAA anterior amygdaloid area 209 AAnG anterior angular gyrus 95, 96, 300~364, 402-404, 411-413 anterior arch of atlas 82 AAT anterior auricular artery 55 aaua accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus 193 AB Ac accumbens nucleus 52, 406-411 ac anterior commissure 54, 55, 79~84, 97, 184~235, 406, 409, 417, 418 acals accessory callosal sulcus 97, 136-139, 142, 144, 148, 150, 154 AcC accumbens nucleus, central part 169, 173, 175, 179~191 anterior cingulate cortex (B.Vogt) 97 ACC ACeIT anterior cervical intertransversarii muscle 55 anterior cerebral artery 12~26, 46~66 acer accumbens nucleus, lateral part 155~187, 193, 406 AcL accumbens nucleus, medial part 169~193, 406 AcM anterior commissure, anterior (olfactory) limb 186, 187, 190-193, aco 196 anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus 203~214 ACo ACoD anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal part 209, 211, 215 ACoV anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part 209, 211, 215 acr anterior corona radiata 148 acs calcarine sulcus, anterior part 97, 214-216, 286~353 sulcus acusticus 96, 220-222, 226 acus anterodorsal thalamic nucleus 217~227, 233~241, 417-420 AD nucleus of the diagonal band, angular part 193, 428 ADB ADPul anterodorsal pulvinar nucleus (lateral posterior nucleus) 257~269, 422, 423 ambiens gyrus 52, 53, 97, 178~234, 408 AG anterior hypothalamic area 203, 205, 209, 211 AH amygdalohippocampal area 227, 229 AHi amygdaloid island (extended amygdala) 209, 211, 221 AI aic anterior limb of the internal capsule 23, 150~209 anterior inferior cerebellar artery 26, 55, 57 aica agranular insular cortex (claustrocortex insularis) 78-80 AIn ansa lenticularis 208~256, 410, 417-422 al apical ligament of dens 82, 83 ald all anterior longitudinal ligament 37, 38, 83 alveolar process of maxilla 45 Alv alveus of the hippocampus 80, 216~247, 259, 263, 293-295, 298, alv 300, 304 anteromedial thalamic nucleus 221, 223, 227, 418, 419, 436 AM aMCC anterior midcingulate cortex (B.Vogt) 97 Amg amygdala 26, 27, 54-57, 78-80, 239~251, 407, 435 AMPO anterior medial preoptic nucleus ancer ansa cervicalis 39, 40, 55 angular artery and vein 30, 31 ang angular gyrus 14-19, 63-68, 73-77 AnG angular artery 29, 32, 33 anga angular sulcus 95, 96, 364-367, 370-373, 376-379, 383 angs angular vein 27-29 angv AO anterior olfactory nucleus (retrobulbar region) 52, 151~167 area orbitoinsularis 150~160, 406~412 AOI AOrG anterior (intermediate) orbital gyrus 95, 97, 406~412 AOrG-l anterior orbital gyrus, lateral part 97, 114~138 AOrG-m anterior orbital gyrus, medial part 97, 114~124 anterior occipital sulcus 96 aos aos-d anterior occipital sulcus, dorsal segment 366~379 anterior occipital sulcus, inferior ramus 96 aos-i aos-s anterior occipital sulcus, superior ramus 95, 96 ansa peduncularis 208-211, 216, 217, 417 ap anterior parietal sulcus (Vogt), (precuneal sulcus) 95-97 apa apala ascending palatine artery 33-38 ascending pharyngeal artery 36-38, 53 aph area piriformis insulae 162~171, 406, 407, 411 API anteroprincipal (anteroventral) thalamic nucleus see anteroventral APr thalamic nucleus anterior parolfactory sulcus 97, 162, 163 aps

APS anterior perforated substance 25 apsi anterior parolfactory sulcus, inferior branch 166-169 apss anterior parolfactory sulcus, superior branch 166-169, 173 anterior (oral) pulvinar nucleus 257~271, 406, 421-424 APul Aq cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius) 25, 265, 269~277 ar acoustic radiation 423 arc arcuate fasciculus 118~294 Arc arcuate nucleus 209~217 AReCa anterior rectus capitis muscle 31, 33, 80 ARG gyri Andreae Retzii 289, 292, 294-296 argr arachnoid granulations 59 AryE aryepiglotticus muscle 51 ASCe anterior subcentral gyrus 96 anterior subcentral sulcus 96, 174~184, 196~226 ascs asfs accessory superior frontal sulcus 95, 96, 108~119, 139 asfs-l accessory superior frontal sulcus, lateral ramus 120~143 asfs-m accessory superior frontal sulcus, medial ramus 120~136 asos accessory supraorbital sulcus 97, 108~125 ASt amygdalostriatal transition area 211~223, 229~257 AStr striate area 322~399 AtAx atlanto-axial membrane 83 atcos anterior transverse collateral sulcus 95, 97 ATh anterior thalamic nucleus 23, 55, 56 anterior thalamic peduncle athp Atlas atlas (C1 vertebra) 33-35, 55~59, 83, 84 AtOc atlantooccipital joint 33, 57, 81 AtOcMe atlantooccipital membrane 83 atr anterior thalamic radiation 154~214 ATub articular tubercle 75 aud auditory radiation 79 Aud auditory tube 51, 78~81 anteroventral (anteroprincipal) nucleus 217~245, 259, 263, 405, AV 406, 409, 417-420, 436 AVPe anteroventral periventricular hypothalamic nucleus 191, 193, 428 Axis axis (C2 vertebra) 37, 55~59, 82, 84 BA 1-52 Brodmann areas 1-52 101~399 basilar artery 26-29, 55 bas brachium conjunctivum 406, 409 bc basal nucleus, compact part 193~209, 215, 221~233, 429 BC bc brachium conjunctivum 409 bcc body of corpus callosum 97, 162~268 BCd body of caudate nucleus 58 BD basal nucleus, diffuse part 203, 205, 209, 211 buccal fat pad 45, 49 BFat body of fornix 56-58, 223~269 bfx bG band of Giacomini 235, 239-242, 245 BHy body of hyoid bone 40 bic brachium of the inferior colliculus 265~287, 424-426 basolateral amygdaloid nucleus 203~211, 217, 229, 233, 407~411, BL 435 BLD basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal (magnocellular) part 215, 221, 223, 227 basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, intermediate part 215, 221, 223, BLI 227 BLPL basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, paralaminar part 215, 221, 223, 227 BLVL basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part 215, 223, 227 BLVM basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part 197~223,435 basomedial amygdaloid nucleus 197~233, 407, 435 BM BMan body of mandible 47 BMCM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, centromedial part 221 BMDL basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part 221 BMDM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, dorsomedial part 221, 435 BMVM basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part 221, 435 BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis 83, 417, 428, 429, 435 BOp basal operculum 144~160, 406~412 brachium of the superior colliculus 265, 270, 271, 274-277, 280, bsc 283, 424, 425 BSt brainstem 95, BSTC bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central division 185~199, 203, 205, 209, 435 BSTCV ventral extension of BSTC 209, 435 BSTL bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division 185, 191~199 BSTLJ bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular part 187, 203, 205, 209 BSTM bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division 187, 191, 193, 197, 199, 435 BSTP bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterior division 203, 205, 209 BSTV bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventral division 197, 199, 203, 205, 435 BucM buccinator muscle 34-40, 45, 47, 76-79 buccal nerve 30~38 bucn CA1 CA1 field of hippocampus 223~308 CA1-3 fields of hippocampus CA2 field of hippocampus 241~299 CA2 CA3 CA3 field of hippocampus 229~302 cal calcar avis 313 cals callosal sulcus 97, 144~317 callosal vein 149, 151, 155, 157, 161 calv CAnT common anular tendon 29 cartilage of auditory tube 33 CAT cavs cavernous sinus 27, 28, 51, 53 Cb cerebellum 78-80 corpus callosum 54~58, 82, 167~193, 229, 235, 239~271 cc calcarine sulcus, central part 95, 97, 405, 406 ccs common carotid artery 39, 40, 53, 55 cctd caudate nucleus 80, 81, 149, 221~283, 404-406, 409, 410, 436 Cd lateral caudate nucleus 151~215 CdL medial caudate nucleus 151~217 CdM ventral caudate nucleus 185~209 CdV central amygdaloid nucleus 211, 215, 217, 235 Ce

ce ceis CeL

central sulcus 55, 95-97, 214~299 central insular sulcus 178~232 central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral part 221, 223, 227, 229, 233, 420-422 CeM central amygdaloid nucleus, medial part 221, 223, 227, 229, 233 CeMe central medial thalamic nucleus 223, 229, 233, 235, 239, 418-420 cern cervical nerve 39, 40 cern1 cervical nerve1 80, 81 cern2 cervical nerve2 35, 55, 57, 80, 81 cern3 cervical nerve3 55, 80, 81 cerpx cervical plexus 55 cfx column of fornix 196, 198, 202, 204 CG cingulate gyrus 16-25, 49-63, 80-84, 97, 118~322, 403-410 CGal crista galli 27, 45, 47 cgb cingulum bundle 124~322 cgh cingulum (hippocampal part) 222~312 cgs cingulate sulcus 157, 232, 234, 235, 238-241, 244-247, 256~277 cgs-a cingulate sulcus, anterior part 97, 120~205 cgs-i inferior cingulate sulcus 97, 124~161, ~ cgs-mg marginal segment of cingulate sulcus 96, 97, 286~325 cgs-p cingulate sulcus, posterior part 97, 208~283 CH cerebellar hemisphere 57-60 cha (anterior) choroidal artery 22, 26, 52~58 chf choroidal fissure 234~268, 282 chpx choroid plexus 21~25, 57, 60 Ci cistern cic commissure of the inferior colliculi 280, 282, 286, 287 CilM ciliaris muscle 29 cis circular insular sulcus 150~287 CISM cervical interspinal muscle 61 Cl claustrum 23, 25, 52-54, 55-57, 78, 79, 151~163, 247~257, 407, 408, 434 caudal linear nucleus 263, 265, 269, 271 CLi CLV central part of lateral ventricle 54, 56, 57 CM centromedian thalamic nucleus 56, 57, 82, 245~265, 406, 409, 410, 420~423 cmg capsule of medial geniculate nucleus 274, 275 CM-PF centromedian-parafascicular thalamic complex 406, 409 CnF cuneiform nucleus 277 Co commissural nucleus 229, 233, 241 CoCl compact insular claustrum 167~241 comb comb system 222~246 Cond condylar process of the mandible 30, 31, 53 COp central operculum (Rolandi) 96, 412, 413 COp-a anterior central operculum 214, 216~244, 405, 406, 413 COp-p posterior central operculum 228~255, 404, 405, 413, 414 Cor coronoid process of the mandible 31 cos collateral sulcus (medial occipitotemporal sulcus) 97, 268~385 cosi confluence of sinuses 25, 65 cos-o collateral sulcus, occipital ramus 97 cos-ph collateral sulcus, parahippocampal ramus 95, 97, 220~265 cos-t collateral sulcus, temporal ramus 95, 97, 210, 214, 216, 217 cp cerebral peduncle 25, 55-57, 80, 81, 226~268 cpx carotid plexus 39 cr capsule of red nucleus 239, 241, 245, 247, 251, 420 cret central artery of retina 47 crfx crus of fornix 270, 271~300 crt cerebello-rubro thalamic fibers (dentato-thalamic tract) 238~262, 409, 420-423 cs calcarine sulcus cs-c calcarine sulcus, central part 354~383 csc commissure of the superior colliculi 271~277, 424, 425 CSCil corrugator supercilii muscle 26, 27 CSP cavity of septum pellucidum 163, 167, 169, 203, 209 ctg central tegmental tract 264, ~271, 424, 425 cty chorda tympani 31, 32 CuA cuneiform area 275 Cuc cucullaris nucleus 229~239, 419, 420 CuF cuneiform nucleus 281, 283 culs cuneal limiting sulcus 97, 376, 378, 382-385, 388, 389 Cun cuneus 20, 63-68, 80, 81, 82, 84, 97 CxA cortico-amygdaloid transition area 203, 205 DAx dens axis 33, 82, 84 diagonal band (Bandeletta diagonalis, Broca) 156~184, 197, 199 dB nucleus of the diagonal band 53, 435 DB DCl dorsal claustrum 203~223, 229, 233, 245 DG dentate gyrus 25, 78, 79, 81, 229~299 dgs diagonal sulcus 96, 154, 156 DH dorsal hypothalamic area 209, 215 dorsal hippocampal commissure 268~289 dhx diffuse insular claustrum 179~233 DiCl Dig digastric muscle 30-40, 45, 47, 51, 53, 55, 57, 74-82 DigT digastric muscle, tendon 38, 39, 49, 78, 79 dip diploic vein 57 DiPul diffuse pulvinar nucleus 424, 425, 426 articular disc of temporo-mandibular joint 30, 31, 75 Disc Dk nucleus Darkschewitsch 251 dlg deep lingual artery and vein 45 DMH dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus 211, 215, 217, 221, 409, 429, 430 DMHC dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, compact part 217, 429, 430 DMHD dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, diffuse part 427, 430 DoH dorsal hypothalamic nucleus 203, 205 dpala descending palatine artery 32, 33, 47, 49, 80, 81 DpAO depressor anguli oris muscle 38, 39, 40, 78 DPe dorsomedial periventricular hypothalamic nucleus 428 dpc deep cervical artery and vein 32-40 DPeH dorsal periventricular hypothalamic nucleus 191, 193, 197, 199 DpLb depressor labii inferioris muscle 40, 78 dPrS dorsal presubiculum 227 DpSCil depressor supercilii muscle 28, 29, 30, 31

445

DR DS DSf DSF

dorsal raphe nucleus 275, 277 diaphragma sellae 53 dorsal superficial nucleus see DSF dorsal superficial nucleus 82, 241, 245, 247, 251~265, 405, 409, 410, 420~424, 436 Dt dentate nucleus 60 dta deep temporal artery 30, 31, 47, 49 DTg dorsal tegmental nucleus 281, 283 dorsal temporopolar region DTP dtx dorsal tegmental decussation 262 du diverticulum unci 220, 221 Dura dura mater 81 EA extended amygdala 203, 205 EAud external auditory meatus 73, 75 Ec entorhinal cortex, caudal subfield 235, 236, 239 EC entorhinal cortex 179, 181-183 ec external capsule 23, 148~257 ECL entorhinal cortex, caudal limiting subfield 241, 242, 245, 247, 248, 251, 253, 254 ectd external carotid artery 34-39, 53, 74-77 EGl epiglottis 51, 81, 82, 84 EGP external globus pallidus 54, 55, 179~251, 406, 410, 411 EI entorhinal cortex, intermediate subfield 215~233 ejugv external jugular vein 55, 73 ELC entorhinal cortex, lateral caudal subfield 217~233 ELR entorhinal cortex, lateral rostral subfield 185~215 emi emissary vein 29, 59, 61 EMI entorhinal cortex, medial intermediate subfield 209~224 external medullary lamina of the thalamus 204, 208, 216~287, eml 417-426 Ent entorhinal cortex 24-27, 51-59, 95, 97, 166~261, 406-408, 410, 411 entorhinal cortex, olfactory subfield 193, 194, 197, 199, 200, 203, Eo 205, 206 EP entopeduncular nucleus 223, 227 ER entorhinal cortex, rostral subfield 193~212 ethmoidal cell(s) 28, 29, 45, 47, 49 EthC Edinger-Westphal nucleus 257, 259, 263, 265 EW extreme capsule 23, 148~226, 234~257 ex eye eyeball 27, 29, 45 Fa fasciculosus nucleus 215, 217, 221, 223, 227, 417-419 facial artery (glandular branches) 34-40, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 75-77, fac 79 facial vein 33-37, 40, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 75, 76, 79 facv FCd fundus region of caudate nucleus 155~169, 173~185, 406, 409, 410 fasciculus circumligatus 244, 246, 250, 252 fcl FD fascia dentata 240~252 frontal dimple 95, 102, 103, 106 fd fds fimbriodentate gyrus 250, 252, 268, 288 FF Field of Forel 416, 419, 420 fasciolar gyrus 60, 81, 292 FG fimbria of the hippocampus 23, 25, 78, 241~292 fi frontal lobe 47 FL FLA frontal limbic area 48-56 FLV frontal horn of lateral ventricle 21, 23, 51, 149, 155~169, 175, 187~199 FMG frontomarginal gyrus 95-97, 102~118, 406~411 fmi forceps minor of the corpus callosum 21, 143~169 fmj forceps major of the corpus callosum 21, 286~318 fmps frontal paramidline sulcus 96 fms frontomarginal sulcus 96, 97 frontal operculum 20, 21, 76-79, 96, 148~225, 405, 406, 411-413 FOp fors fronto-orbital sulcus 96 FP frontal pole 96 fp frontopolar fibers 108, 112 fpms frontal paramidline sulcus 95, 150~210 frontopolar sulcus 103 fps fpt frontopontine tract 240, 244, 246, 250 FPu fundus region of putamen 155~209, 406, 407 fr fasciculus retroflexus (habenulo-interpeduncular tract) 238~269, 421-424 frontal bone 25 Fro FroC frontal bone, crest 45, 75 FroN frontal bone, nasal part 26, 27 FroO frontal bone, orbital part 26, 27, 45 FroSq frontal bone, squamosal part 47 frontopolar cortex (or gyrus) 45, 46, 47, 96 FrP frs fragmentosus sulcus 97, 124, 125-127, 130-133, 136 FrS frontal sinus 25, 28, 45, 47 FStr fundus striati 25, 82, 83 FuG fusiform gyrus 23, 49-64, 75-80, 95-97, 166~375, 406-408, 410412 FuG-p fusiform gyrus, posterior part 352~393 fus midfusiform sulcus 300~304, 318~329 fx fornix 21, 23, 54, 55, 59, 84, 193~223, 406, 407, 409, 417~431 FxC falx cerebri 45, 49 fxl fornix longus 156~174, 186, 196, 198~216 GA gyrus ambiens see AG gapo galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis) 25 gcc genu of the corpus callosum 21, 23, 97, 144~163 GDe gyrus descendens 95, 97, 382~399, 405~410 GeGl genioglossus muscle 38-40, 45, 47, 82-84 GeHy geniohyoid muscle 40, 45, 47, 83, 84 GHHy greater horn of hyoid bone 38, 39, 40 gic genu of the internal capsule 23, 222, 226, 229 gocn greater occipital nerve 25, 29-36, 78-81 globus pallidus 23, 56, 57, 79-81, 436 GP gpal greater palatine artery, vein and nerve 45 gpala greater palatine artery 34-37 GPalF greater palatine foramen 47 GrCi great (cerebellomedullary) cistern 59 gyrus semilunaris 203, 205, 209, 211, 215, 221 GSL GTI great terminal island 179~199 GU gyrus uncinate 229, 230 H H-field of Forel 233 h1 thalamic fasciculus 232~252, 418~422 h1-h2 h1 and h2 fasciculi 406 h2 lenticular fasciculus 220, 221-223, 226-229, 232-235, 238, 239, 240, 409, 419-422 HATA hippocampo amygdaloid transitional area 227, 229, 230, 233 Hb habenula 23 HBL lateral habenular nucleus 423, 424 HBM medial habenular nucleus 423, 424 hbx habenular commissure 424 HCd head of caudate nucleus 21, 23, 54, 55, 82, 83

446

HDB horizontal limb of the diagonal band 191, 193, 428, 429 hf hippocampal fissure 228~269, 268, 75~288, 292, 293 Hi hippocampus 22-27, 54-59, 79, 80, 195, 201, 207, 213, 219, 225, 231, 237, 243, 249, 255, 261, 267, 273, 279, 285, 291, 297~306, 406~412, 434 HiH hippocampal head 216, 217, 220, 222, 226, 228, 232 HPtg hamulus of the pterygoid bone 35, 49 Hy hypothalamus 24, 25, 54, 436 hyoglossus muscle 37-40, 45, 47, 49, 80 HyGl Hyoid hyoid bone 49, 51, 53, 79-81 I isthmus 97, 406 ial inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve 35-38, 47 iala inferior alveolar artery 34, 49, 51, 76 inferior alveolar vein 34 ialv IAud internal auditory meatus 78, 79 IC inferior colliculus 275, 280, 281, 283, 287, 426 ic internal capsule 52, 54-57, 80-82, 192, 197~222, 410 ICCe iliocostalis cervicis muscle 40 isthmus of cingulate gyrus 298~333 ICG ICM inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx 39, 40, 53, 80 icml incomplete medullary lamina of the globus pallidus 214-217, 220223 ictd internal carotid artery 26-39, 51, 53, 55, 76-82 internal cerebral vein 59 icv IDPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, dorsal part 275, 277, 281, 283, 425, 426 IF interfascicular nucleus 253, 257, 259 IFG inferior frontal gyrus 17, 24, 25, 45-57, 73-79 IFG-asc inferior frontal gyrus, ascending part 96 IFG-ba inferior frontal gyrus, basilar part 96 IFGOp inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part 18-25, 49-59, 95, 96, 142~208, 404~414 IFGOr inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part 20-23, 95-97, 112~160, 406~413 IFGTr inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part 18-23, 95-97, 126~160, 405~413 ifo inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus 166~204 IFPG inferior frontopolar gyrus 95, 97, 102~118, 406~411 inferior frontopolar sulcus 95, 97, 102~113 ifps inferior frontal sulcus 95, 96, 112~167 ifs insular gyrus 148~172 IG IGP internal globus pallidus 54, 55, 209~241, 406~411 IGPul intergeniculate pulvinar nucleus 271, 424 indusium griseum 149~247, 257, 277, 289, 293~301 IGr internal jugular vein (sigmoid sinus/jugular bulb) 31, 33-40, 55, 57, ijugv 76-79 IL intralaminar thalamic nuclei and lamina 406, 409 ilab inferior labial artery and vein 39, 40 inferior longitudinal fasciculus 178~378 ilf inferior lingual gyrus 328~340 ILG inferior lingual gyrus 97, 406~411 ILgG ILG-l inferior lingual gyrus, lateral part 342~387 ILG-m inferior lingual gyrus, medial part 342~382 intralingual sulcus 95 ilgs ILPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, intermediate part 275, 277, 283, 287 intralingual sulcus 328~365 ils imfs intermediate frontal sulcus 136~149 iml internal medullary lamina of the thalamus 220~271, 418-424 anterior intermediate parietal sulcus of Jensen 96, 301~335 impI second intermediate parietal sulcus 96, 322~341 impII impIII third intermediate parietal sulcus 96, 342, 346, 348, 352, 354 INaC inferior nasal concha 33, 45 inav internal nasal vein 51 IncC incisive canal 37 infundibular nucleus 407, 409, 429, 430 Inf InfS infundibular stalk 53, 197, 199, 203, 205 InM intermediate hypothalamic nucleus (sexual dimorphic nucleus) 427, 429 Ins insula 20-25, 50-60, 76, 77, 153, 159, 165, 171~186, 192, 196~228, 231~292, 404~413 InTrM intertransversarii muscles 36, 37, 38 IO inferior olive 57, 82 IOb inferior oblique muscle (tendon) 30, 31, 45, 78, 81 IObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle 34, 57, 59, 61, 76-84 inferior occipital gyrus 95-97, 342~399, 405-407, 410-413 IOG iora infraorbital artery 31-33, 45, 47, 49, 79 IOrC infraorbital canal 45, 47 IOrF infraorbital foramen 79 IOrG intermediate orbital gyrus intermediate orbital sulcus 97 iors ios inferior occipital sulcus 95-97, 354~385 IP interpeduncular nucleus 154, 156, 160, 251~265 IPAC interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure 215 inferior postcentral sulcus 96 ipcs ipets inferior petrosal sinus 29, 55, 77, 81 IPF interpeduncular fossa 24, 25, 55, 82, 241, 253 IPHT isthmo-parahippocampal transition area 405, 406, 410 IPL inferior parietal lobule 16-20 insular pole 407, 412 IPo ipocs inferior postcentral sulcus 232~239, 264~287 iprs inferior precentral sulcus 95, 96, 168~209 ips intraparietal sulcus 95, 96, 298~341 ips-a intraparietal sulcus, ascending segment 96 intraparietal sulcus, descending segment 96 ips-d ips-h intraparietal sulcus, horizontal segment 96, 300~313, 342~379 IPul inferior pulvinar nucleus 277, 283, 287, 406, 424, 425 IRec inferior rectus muscle 28-31, 45, 47, 49 irhs intrarhinal sulcus 168~199 IRoG inferior rostral gyrus 46-50 irs intrarhinal sulcus 217, 233 ISG inferior sagittal gyrus 97, 405, 406, 409, 410 isgs inferior sagittal sinus 55, 57, 97 ISM interspinalis muscle 36-40 iss inferior sagittal sulcus (S. limitans superior) 55, 57, 378~389 isst internal sagittal stratum 301, 305, 307 ita inferior temporal artery 24 ITG inferior temporal gyrus 22-27, 49-64, 73-79, 95-97, 156~375, 406~414 IThA interthalamic adhesion 223, 227 ithp inferior thalamic peduncle 211~239, 417-420 ITP inferior temporopolar region 147~177, 411 its inferior temporal sulcus 96, 97, 156~371 its-a inferior temporal sulcus, anterior segment 96 its-p inferior temporal sulcus, posterior ramus 96 IVF interventricular foramen 209, 211 IVPul inferior pulvinar nucleus, ventral part 275, 425 ivvpx internal vertebral venous plexus 35, 38, 57, 59, 79

JugP jugular process 78, 79 lateral amygdaloid nucleus 193~227, 407, 408, 411 La labial artery 79 lab lac lacrimal artery 47 Lac lacrimal gland 26, 27, 45 lacrimal vein 29 lacv LaDA lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal anterior part 215, 217, 221 LaDL lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsal lateral part 211, 215, 217 LaDM lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsomedial part 215 LaI lateral amygdaloid nucleus, intermediate part 215, 221 LAngO levator anguli oris muscle 33-37, 78, 79 lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part 221 LaV locus coeruleus 83 LC lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus 57, 82 LD lds lambdoid suture 25, 26, 27 LDTg laterodorsal tegmental nucleus 281, 283 lenticular fasciculus 220~240, 419, 420 lenf Lens lens 78, 79 LeVePal levator veli palatini muscle 32, 33, 51, 53, 80, 81 lf lateral (Sylvian) fissure 95, 96, 144~289 lateral fissure, anterior segment 96 lf-a lateral fissure, horizontal segment 95, 96, 97, 127~151 lf-h lateral fissure, middle segment 96 lf-m lateral frontomarginal sulcus 95, 106-109, 112-114, 118, 120 lfms lf-p lateral fissure, posterior segment 96 LFuG lateral fusiform gyrus 97 lateral fissure, vertical segment 96, 142~160 lf-v lateral geniculate nucleus 79, 253~271, 406, 410, 411, 422-424, LG 436 Lg lingual gland 39, 49 lga lingual artery 38-40, 47, 49, 51, 78-81 longus capitis and colli muscles 78-81 LgC LgCa longus capitis muscle 30-40, 53, 55 LgCo longus colli muscle 30, 35-40 LgFo lingual follicle 81 lingual gyrus (O5) 80, 95, 97, 288~327, 407 LgG lingual sulcus, posterior ramus 372, 373, 376-379 lg-p lgs lingual sulcus 97, 406 LgsCa longissimus capitis muscle 32-40, 57, 59, 61, 74-77 LgsCe longissimus cervicis muscle 36-40 LgsCeT longissimus cervicis muscle, tendon 37, 38 LgSpt lingual septum 45 lingual vein 47, 49, 51 lgv LH lateral hypothalamic area 197~233, 407, 409, 428-431 lateral habenular nucleus 265, 269, 271 LHb limen insulae 80, 82, 83, 178-181, 184-187, 191 Li limitans claustrum 197, 203~233 LiCl long insular gyrus I 405, 406 LIGI limitans nucleus 265, 269, 271, 275, 406, 423-425 Lim limiting medullary lamina of the globus pallidus 216, 217, 220-222, liml 226, 227 lateral lemniscus 270, 274, 275, 276, 280, 282, 286, 426 ll levator labii superioris muscle 32, 33, 35, 78, 79 LLb LLbAN levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle 33 lateral lamina of pterygoid process 49 LLPt lateral longitudinal stria 144~228, 234, 235, 240, 250, 262, 292lls 295, 298-300 lateral mammillary nucleus 221, 223, 227, 430, 431 LM lml lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus 178~253 lo lateral olfactory tract 178, 180, 184-187, 190-193, 196, 197, 199 lObCa inferior oblique capitis muscle 35 LOrG lateral orbital gyrus 97, 118~142, 406, 407, 411, 412 lors lateral orbital sulcus 96, 97, 108~143 los lateral occipital sulcus 96, 372~397 LOTG lateral occipitotemporal gyrus 26, 27 lots lateral occipitotemporal sulcus 95, 97, 156~226, 244~359 LPal levator palpebrae superioris muscle 26, 27, 45, 47, 49, 80 LPHT lingual-parahippocampal transition area 97 LPtg lateral pterygoid muscle 32, 33, 49, 51, 53, 76, 77, 79 LPtgL lateral pterygoid muscle, lateral belly 30, 31 LPtgM lateral pterygoid muscle, medial belly 30, 31 LPul lateral pulvinar nucleus 259~287, 406, 422-426 LRec lateral rectus muscle 28, 29, 45, 47, 49, 78 LReCa lateral rectus capitis muscle 32, 33, 55, 74 ls longitudinal stria 301 LSc levator scapulae muscle 36-40, 57, 59, 74, 75 LSD lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part 187~221 LSI lateral septal nucleus, intermediate part 187~221 LSV lateral septal nucleus, ventral part 175, 185, 187, 191, 193, 197, 199, 203 LT lamina terminalis 25, 84, 179, 181, 185, 187 LTh lateral thalamic nuclear region 80, 82 LTN lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system 269, 423 LTu lateral tuberal nucleus 217, 221, 430 LuG lunate gyrus 96 lus lunate sulcus 95, 96, 405, 406 LV lateral ventricle 18~26, 53, 58, 59, 203~211, 229~287 Ly lymph node 37-40, 47, 55, 74-76 MaA mastoid antrum 57 Man mandible 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 49, 75-83 ManC mandibular canal 40, 45, 47, 49 ManF mandibular fossa 75 maprs marginal precentral sulcus 222, 226-229, 232-235, 238-240, 244 MasM masseter muscle 31-38, 45, 47, 49, 51, 73-75 MB mammillary body 25, 55 mcer middle cerebral artery 16~26, 46, 48, 52-58, 60, 62, 64, 77 MCM middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx 39, 40, 51, 53 mcp middle cerebellar peduncle 56, 57, 80 MD mediodorsal thalamic nucleus 56, 57, 82, 229~275, 405, 406, 409, 419-425 Md medulla oblongata 31 MDMC mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part 235~263, 418423 MDPC mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part 239~257, 265 MDPL mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paralamellar part 251~265, 422425 Me medial amygdaloid nucleus 227, 229, 233, 235 ME median eminence 217 Me5 mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus 281, 283 MeA medial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part 211, 215, 217 MentM mentalis muscle 40 mfb medial forebrain bundle 180~234, 417-422 MFG middle frontal gyrus 11-23, 45-60, 76-81, 95, 96, 106~225, 402406, 411-413 mfms medial frontomarginal sulcus 95, 97, 102~118 MFPG middle frontopolar gyrus 95-97, 102~129, 405, 406, 409-411

mfps mfs MFuG MG MGDP MGFi MGLi MGMC MGPC MHb MiTg MiZyg MjAC MjZyg ml ML mlf mlfc MLPt MLPul mls MM mm mmf mml mmp MNaC MnPO MnR MOG molf MOrG mors MOTG mp MPO MPOL MPOM MPtg MPul MRec MS MScal MSG MSG-p Mst MstC mt mtg MTG mts Mul Mx mxa MxS mxv MyHy myhy Na Nas nl nlac npal NPhT NSpt nuf oaud OB occ Occ occa occs occv OcFrF OcFrO OcG ocm OcP OFat OFG OFOp ofr olf OlfA olfr olfs OLV OmHy OO OOr opha ophv ops opt or Oral OrG ors Otic ox P3V Pa PaAP PAC PACl pacs PaD PaFo PAG

middle frontopolar sulcus 102, 103, 106-109, 112, 114 midfusiform sulcus 97, 305 medial fusiform gyrus 97 medial geniculate nucleus 80, 263, 406, 410, 423, 424, 425 medial geniculate nucleus, dorsal posterior part 271 medial geniculate nucleus, fibrosus part 265, 269, 271 medial geniculate nucleus, limitans part 265, 269, 271 medial geniculate nucleus, magnocellular part 265, 269 medial geniculate nucleus, parvocellular part 265 medial habenular nucleus 265, 269 microcellular tegmental nucleus 277 minor zygomaticus muscle 32, 33, 34, 35 major alar cartilage 33, 34 greater zygomaticus muscle 32-38, 45, 73-75 medial lemniscus 246~277, 423-425 medial mammillary nucleus, lateral part 223, 227, 430, 431 middle longitudinal fasciculus 178~294, 424, 425 medial longitudinal fasciculus 264, 268, 270, 271, 274-277 medial lamina of pterygoid process 49 mediolateral pulvinar nucleus 275, 277, 281, 283, 287, 425, 426 medial longitudinal stria 144~241, 250, 262, 294, 298, 300, 304 medial mammillary nucleus, medial part 221~233, 407, 409, 430, 431 middle meningeal artery 28, 29, 53, 55 middle meningeal artery, frontal branch 27, 51 medial medullary lamina of the globus pallidus 196~239, 241 middle meningeal artery, parietal branch 55, 59 middle nasal concha 45 median preoptic nucleus 193 median raphe nucleus 269, 271, 275 middle occipital gyrus 95, 96, 370~388, 404-406, 411-413 medial olfactory radiation 173, 175 medial orbital gyrus 97, 108~159, 407-411 middle orbital sulcus 97, 112-115, 118-121, 124, 125 medial occipitotemporal gyrus 26, 27 mammillary peduncle 222, 226, 228, 419, 420 medial preoptic nucleus 191, 193, 197, 199, 203, 205, 409, 428 medial preoptic nucleus, lateral part 197, 429 medial preoptic nucleus, medial part 191, 429 medial pterygoid muscle 32-38, 49, 51, 76-81 medial pulvinar nucleus 271, 275, 277, 281, 283, 287, 406, 424426 medial rectus muscle 28, 29, 45, 47, 49, 80 medial septal nucleus 197, 199, 203, 205, 209, 211, 215, 217, 435 middle scalenus muscle 35, 36 middle sagittal gyrus 97, 376~393, 404, 405, 409, 410 middle sagittal gyrus, posterior part 405, 406, 409, 410 mastoid process of temporal bone 57, 73-75 mastoid cells 73, 74 mammillothalamic tract 227-229, 232-234, 418-420 mammillotegmental tract 226~241, 247, 253, 257, 259, 419-426 middle temporal gyrus 19-27, 49-64, 73-79, 95-97, 156~375, 405408, 412-414 middle temporal sulcus 202 multifidus cervicis muscle 36-40, 59, 80 maxilla 31, 33, 35-37, 78, 82, 84 maxillary artery 30-33, 49, 51, 53, 76-80 maxillary sinus 30, 31, 45, 47, 49, 78-81 maxillary vein 53 mylohyoid muscle 37-40, 45, 47, 78-84 mylohyoid nerve 39, 49, 51 nasal bone 29, 31 nasalis muscle 30-35 nuchal ligament 31, 33, 35 nasolacrimal duct 31 nasopalatine artery (sphenopalatine artery) 35, 84 nasopharyngeal tonsil 83 nasal septum 31, 45, 47 nuchal fascia 29, 31, 33, 37 pharyngeal opening of auditory tube 82 olfactory bulb 47 occipital artery, vein and (greater occipital) nerve 26-29 occipital bone 25-27, 29, 31, 33, 82 occipital artery 25, 30-37, 53~67, 74, 76-78 occipital sinus 26, 59, 61, 63 occipital vein 25, 31, 34, 63, 65, 73, 74 occipito-frontal muscle, frontal belly 45, 47, 73~82 occipito-frontal muscle, occipital belly 65, 67, 73, 75, 76 occipital gyrus (gyri) 15-25, 58, 60-68, 74-84, 288~375, 405, 406, 409-411 occipito-mastoid suture 29 occipital pole 96, 97 orbital fat body 45, 47 orbitofrontal gyri 45-51, 76-84 orbitofrontal operculum 405, 406 orbitofrontal fibers 144~196 olfactory tract 26, 49, 51, 169, 172, 173 olfactory area 156~180, 407, 409, 410 olfactory radiation 168, 172, 173 olfactory sulcus 97, 112~169 occipital horn of lateral ventricle 21, 23, 62-65, 79 omohyoid muscle 40, 49, 51 orbicularis oculi muscle 26-33, 45, 73-80 orbicularis oris muscle 36-40, 77-80, 82 ophthalmic artery 45, 47, 49, 80, 81 ophthalmic vein 49 occipitopolar sulcus (extreme fissure of Seitz) 95, 97, 388-391, 394, 395 optic tract 24, 25, 52, 54, 55-57, 80, 197~252, 407~411, 417-421 optic radiation 23, 79, 252~271, 298~372, 423-425 oral cavity 78, 80, 82 orbital gyrus/gyri 24-27, 96 orbital sulcus 169 otic ganglion 53 optic chiasma 26, 52, 53, 84, 178~199, 407, 409, 428 preoptic recess of the third ventricle 84, 179~193 paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 407, 409 paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior parvocellular part 191, 193, 428 periamygdaloid cortex 179~224 preamygdalar claustrum 185~215 paracentral sulcus 95-97, 192~239 paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part 197, 199, 203, 205, 209, 211 paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, fornical part 203, 205 periaqueductal gray 269, 271, 275, 277, 281, 283, 287

Pal PalG PalGl palhy PalHy paln PalPh PalT PAM

palatine bone palatine gland(s) 35, 36, 45, 47 palatoglossus muscle 37 pallidohypothalamic fibers 220, 221, 417, 418 pallidohypothalamic nucleus 221, 223, 227 palatine nerve (s) 47 palatopharyngeus muscle 38, 51, 80 palatine tonsil 51, 80 periamygdaloid cortex 27, 80, 191-194, 196, 198, 202, 203, 205, 407 PaMC paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, magnocellular part 197, 199, 203, 205, 209, 211, 429 PAnG posterior angular gyrus 95, 96, 330~382, 402-405, 411-413 paraoptic nucleus 215 PaO pap optic papilla 45 PaPC paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, parvocellular part 203, 205, 209, 211, 428-430 PaPo paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part 211, 215, 217, 221, 417, 430 papx parotid plexus 31 Par parietal bone 25, 26 PaS parasubiculum 234~278 PAT posterior arch of atlas 82 posterior auricular artery and vein 34, 35 pau PAu posterior auricular muscle 28 paua posterior auricular artery 53, 55, 57 pauv posterior auricular vein 26-29, 57, 59 PBG parabigeminal nucleus 287 parabrachial pigmented nucleus 247~259, 265 PBP pc posterior commissure 97, 264~271, 406, 409, 424-426 PCA precommissural archicortex 97, 172~181, 407, 409 posterior cingulate cortex (B.Vogt) 97 PCC paracentral thalamic nucleus 421, 422 PCe posterior cerebral artery 18~26, 54-60, 62, 64, 66 pcer pcf paracentral fossa 97, 250~281 pcfx precommissural fornix 178-181, 184, 185, 187, 190-192 precallosal gyrus 97, 142~159 PCG paracingulate sulcus 97, 142 pcgs postcentral insular cortex 222~244 PCI pcis posterior central insular sulcus 190~246 PCL paracentral lobule 14, 16, 17, 59-65, 97, 208~310, 402-404, 409, 410 posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus 217, 221, 223, 227, 229, PCo 230, 407, 435 pcoma posterior communicating artery 26 pcr posterior corona radiata 244~282 postcentral sulcus 95-97, 240~263, 286 pcs PCun precuneus 16, 20-23, 62-68, 80-84, 97, 286~370, 402-405, 409411 Pe periventricular nucleus 209, 211, 215, 217, 409 PedL peduncle of lentiform nucleus 223, 227, 229, 233, 411 perifornical nucleus 211, 215, 217, 429, 430 PeF perpendicular plate 45 PeP periventricular nucleus 421, 422, 423 PeV PF parafascicular thalamic nucleus 245~263, 420-423 PH posterior hypothalamic area 221~233, 407, 409, 430, 431 parahippocampal-amygdaloid transition area 204, 208-211, 214PHA 217 phar pharyngeal branches 51, 53 PHG parahippocampal gyrus 23-25, 78-80, 95, 97, 210~316, 406, 407, 409-412 PhRe pharyngeal recess 53 pineal gland 23, 58, 59, 271, 275, 277, 281, 283 Pi pi preoccipital notch 96, 97 pic posterior limb of the internal capsule 23, 228~276 pica posterior inferior cerebellar artery 26, 57, 61 PIR parainsular region 178, 180, 184, 186 piriform cortex 52, 53, 80, 169~189, 201, 207, 407, 410-412 Pir PirF piriform cortex, frontal part 168~206, 407 PirR piriform recess 51 PirT piriform cortex, temporal part 174~209, 407 Pit pituitary gland 27, 53, 84 Plat platysma 37-40, 45, 47, 49, 73, 75-78, 80, 82 pm principal mammillary fasciculus 223 pMCC posterior midcingulate cortex (B.Vogt) 97 PMOL posteromedial orbital lobule 97, 160, 162, 165, 166, 168, 407, 408, 410 paranigral nucleus 245, 263, 265 PN pna posterior nasal artery 49 POc parieto-occipital arc (first parieto-occipital « plis de passage » of Gratiolet) 96 POc-a parieto-occipital arc, anterior part 95-97, 403, 342~370, 409-411 pontine cistern 27, 29, 55 PoCi POc-p parieto-occipital arc, posterior part 95-97, 372~388, 403-405, 409, 410 pof parietooccipital fissure 96, 97, 348~385 PoG postcentral gyrus 11-23, 55-66, 73-84, 95-97, 220~309, 402~414 preolfactory transverse sulcus 95, 97 polfs Pons pons 27, 29, 55-57, 82, 84, 235~263 pons pontine fibers 238, 240, 252 POp parietal operculum 20, 21, 60, 61, 74-77, 96, 238~298, 404, 405, 412-414 POrG posterior orbital gyrus 97, 130~166, 406, 407, 410, 411 pors posterior orbital sulcus 97, 136~168 pors-m posterior orbital sulcus, middle branch 97, 144~160 pos praeolfactory sulcus 108, 109, 112, 113 posc postreme subcallosal sulcus 97 PP peripeduncular nucleus 259, 269 PPA peripeduncular area 259, 263, 265, 269, 422, 423 ppa posterior parietal sulcus (Vogt) 95, 96, 97 PPCl prepiriform claustrum 161~191 ppms posterior paramidline sulcus 96, 276~335 PPo planum polare 55, 56, 148~249, 406-408, 412-414 PPo-l planum polare, lateral part 184~225 pps posterior parolfactory sulcus 97, 168~180 PRC perirhinal cortex 95, 97, 168~256, 407, 408, 411, 412 PRC35 perirhinal cortex, BA 35 158~255 PRC36 perirhinal cortex, BA 36 169~255 PrCuF precuneiform area prculs precuneal limiting sulcus 331~343, 360~379 prcus precuneal sulcus 330, 334, 336, 340, 342 PRF prerubral field 420 prf principal mammillary fasciculus 227, 228, 233, 235, 418, 419 PrG precentral gyrus 11-23, 54-64, 74-84, 95-97, 168~279, 402-406, 409-414, 422 prop preopercular sulcus 95

precentral sulcus 95, 96 prs PrS presubiculum 224~293 prereticular zone 191~221, 417, 418 PRt pretriangular sulcus 95, 96, 112-115, 118, 119 prts ps polar sulcus 150~175 psa posterior superior alveolar artery 32, 33, 45, 47, 79 posterior superior alveolar nerve 33 psan PSCe posterior subcentral gyrus 96 posterior subcentral sulcus 228, 232, 234 pscs PSR perisplenial region(B.Vogt) 97 parastriate area 95, 406, 410 PSt parastriate area 318, 321, 322, 324, 327, 328, 330, 333 PStr paratenial thalamic nucleus 215~251, 257, 417-423 PT pretectal area 265, 269, 271, 275, 424, 425 PTc ptcos posterior transverse collateral sulcus 95, 97 posterior transverse collateral sulcus 342~367 ptcs parotid gland 31-33, 35-38, 53, 55, 73-77 Ptd parotid duct 35, 36, 47, 49, 51, 73, 75, 76 ptdd planum temporale 20-25, 50-61, 73-77, 228~298, 405, 411, 413, PTe 414 paraterminal gyrus 52, 53, 97, 168, 171~180, 407 PTG pedunculopontine nucleus 269, 271, 277 PTg pterygoid process 32, 33 Ptg pterygoid canal 51 PtgC PtgPal pterygopalatine ganglion 30, 31, 49 ptgpx pterygoid plexus 31, 51, 75, 76, 78, 79 pterygopalatine fossa 49, 80, 81 PtPF parieto-temporopontine tract 240, 244, 246, 250 ptpt posterior thalamic radiation 298, 300, 304 ptr pts paraterminal sulcus 97 Pu putamen 23, 52-57, 78-80, 151~277, 405-407, 411, 436 pulvinar thalami 23, 58, 59, 79, 80, 82, 405, 409-411 Pul limitans putamen 235 PuLi ventral putamen 217~251 PuV paraventricular thalamic nucleus 215~259, 418-423 PV prevertebral fascia 33 pvf pyramidal tract 57, 84, 240, 244, 246, 250 py QP quadrigeminal plate 59 red nucleus 24, 56, 57, 82-84, 245, 406, 407, 409, 438 R racc radiation of corpus callosum 138~240, 301, 305, 307 retroarticular (venous) plexus 30, 31 rapx radiate sulcus (Eberstaller) 95, 96, 120~132 ras rostrum of corpus callosum 51, 97, 154, 156, 160, 162, 166 rcc retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior (lower) branch 95, 97, 372~383, rcs-i 409 retrocalcarine sulcus, superior (upper) branch 95, 97, 384~395, rcs-s 406, 409 reuniens thalamic nucleus 223~257, 418-422 Re RePMi rectus capitis posterior minor muscle 30-33, 61, 63, 80, 81 RePMj rectus capitis posterior major muscle 32-35, 61, 63, 76-81 rhinal sulcus 97, 166~253 rhs RisM risorius muscle 38, 39 rostral linear nucleus 245, 253, 257, 259 RLi retromandibular vein 34-36, 38, 51, 53, 73-77 rmv retromammillary commissure 232, 233, 234, 235, 238, 239 rmx RoG rostral gyrus 97, 118~154, 406~410 rostral sulcus 97, 124~151 ros rostral sulcus, inferior (lower) branch 97, 108~121 ros-i ros-s rostral sulcus, superior (upper) branch 97 RPC red nucleus, parvocellular part 247, 251, 253, 257, 259, 263 RSC retrosplenial cortex 277~307 rsc-i retrocalcarine sulcus, inferior branch 407 RSG retrosplenial limbic gyri (von Economo) 97 RSp retrospenial cortex 410 Rt reticular thalamic nucleus 56-59, 215~287, 405, 406, 417~426 S/MCM superior and middle constrictor muscle 37, 38, 39 S subiculum 24, 25, 54-59, 221~307, 406, 407, 408, 411 SalPh salpingopharyngeus muscle 33 SArS subarachnoid space 35 sas semiannular sulcus 204~232 SB striatal cell bridge(s) 54~58, 80, 155, 157, 167, 187, 221, 227, 235, 239, 247, 253 sbps subparietal sulcus 97, 292~367 SC superior colliculus 271~287, 425, 426 SCA subcallosal area 52, 84, 97, 156~181, 406, 407, 409 sca superior cerebellar artery 24, 26, 29, 55, 57, 59 scal subcallosal fasciculus 155~169, 187~193, 197, 271, 275 ScalM scalenus muscle 36-40, 55, 57, 59, 77 SCC semicircular canals 57 scc splenium of the corpus callosum 21, 59, 60, 97, 270~310 SCD semicircular ducts 76 SCG subcallosal gyrus 149, 166 SCGn superior cervical ganglion 36, 37, 38 SCGP supracapsular part of the globus pallidus 179~209, 217 SCh suprachiasmatic nucleus 185~205, 428, 429 SChC suprachiasmatic nucleus, compact division 427, 428 SChD suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsal division 427, 428 SCM superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx 32-37, 78, 79 SCMPP superior constrictor muscle, pterygopharyngeal part 80 scp superior cerebellar peduncle 58, 246~263, 270~283, 426 scr superior corona radiata 150~226 scs subcalcarine sulcus 97, 262, 409 SCS subcallosal stratum 143~167, 173~203, 211, 229, 233, 241~265, 275 SCTI subcaudate terminal island 185 SeC septal nasal cartilage 33, 35 SEpS subependymal stratum 211, 215, 229, 235, 239 SFG superior frontal gyrus 11-23, 45-61, 78-84, 95, 96, 106, 108, 111, 402, 409-412 SFGL superior frontal gyrus, lateral part 112~244, 402-405 SFGM superior frontal gyrus, medial part 97, 112~225, 402-405, 409 SFi septofimbrial nucleus 185, 187, 191, 193 sfms superficial medullary stratum 259, 263, 271, 275 SFO subfornical organ 203, 205, 209, 211, 217 sfo superior fronto-occipital fasciculus 136~268, 274~294 SFPG superior frontopolar gyrus 95-7, 102~124, 404-406, 409-411 sfps superior frontopolar sulcus 95, 97, 106-109, 112-115, 118-121 SFPul superficial pulvinar nucleus 269~287 sfs superior frontal sulcus 95, 96, 108~223 SG straight gyrus 26, 27, 45-52, 82, 83, 95, 97, 112~171, 407, 408, 409 SGe suprageniculate nucleus 257, 271, 275, 424 SGl substantia gliosa (subependymal gray) 143~169, 197, 205, 209, 211 sgr radiation of straight gyrus 118~166 sH Heschl sulcus 228~270

447

shl SHThC sigs SL sld slf I slf II slf III slf SLG slga SLgG slgv slic sln sls sm SM sma smd SMG

stylohyoid ligament 49, 51 superior horn of thyroid cartilage 39, 40 sigmoid sinus 26-31, 57, 59, 61, 75 sublingual gland (and duct) 39, 40, 45, 47, 80, 81 sublingual duct 80 superior longitudinal fasciculus I, dorsal component 114~378 superior longitudinal fasciculus II, central component 114~370 superior longitudinal fasciculus III, ventral component 114~370 superior longitudinal fasciculus 420, 421, 422 superior lingual gyrus 52, 53, 226, 228, 232, 328~369 sublingual artery 45 superior lingual gyrus 97, 405-407, 409-411 sublingual vein 45 sublenticular part of the internal capsule 216~288 superior laryngeal nerve 37, 38, 39, 40 sublenticular stria 192, 196, 198, 202, 204, 208, 210 stria medullaris of thalamus 23, 210~265, 417-424 submandibular gland 37-40, 49, 51, 75, 76, 78 submental artery 45, 47 submandibular duct 39, 40, 45, 47, 49, 82 supramarginal gyrus 15-21, 60-65, 73-75, 95, 96, 228~327, 402405, 411-414 smv submental vein 51, 53 superior medullary velum 58 SMV SN substantia nigra 24, 25, 56, 57, 82-84, 269, 409, 438 SNC substantia nigra, pars compacta 233~265, 407, 410 SNR substantia nigra, pars reticulata 229~265, 407, 410 SO supraoptic nucleus 191~205, 407, 409, 428, 429 superior oblique muscle 27, 45, 47, 49 SOb SObCa superior oblique capitis muscle 32, 33, 57, 59, 61, 76, 77 socv suboccipital venous plexus 78, 79 SODL supraoptic nucleus, dorsolateral part 209, 211, 215, 429, 430 superior occipitofrontal fasciculus 21, 155 sof superior occipital gyrus 95-97, 394, 399, 404-406, 410-412 SOG SOG-l superior occipital gyrus, lat part 382, 384, 387, 388, 390, 393 SOG-m superior occipital gyrus, medial part 376~393 sophv superior ophthalmic vein 26, 27, 29 supraorbital artery 45 sora supraorbital sulcus 97 sors sos superior occipital sulcus 95, 96, 102~119, 126, 127, 382, 383 SOVM supraoptic nucleus, ventromedial part 209, 211, 215, 429, 430 supraoptic commissure 196~215, 220, 221, 417-419 sox soft palate 49, 51, 83, 84 SPal SPalF salpingopalatinal fold 83 spas superior parietal sulcus 95, 96, 322~343 SpAx spinous process of axis 35, 36, 61 superior postcentral sulcus 96, 289~307 spcs spets superior petrosal sinus 55, 57 subparafascicular thalamic nucleus 245~257, 420-422 SPF Sph sphenoid bone 26, 27, 29, 31 SPhF salpingopharyngeal fold 82 SphGW sphenoid, greater wing 75, 76, 77 sphml sphenomandibular ligament 51 sphpal sphenopalatine artery 30, 31 sphps sphenoparietal sinus 26, 27, 28, 29 SphS sphenoid sinus 28, 29, 49, 51, 53, 84 sphzg sphenozygomatic suture 27 Spinal spinal cord 35 SPL superior parietal lobule 11-19, 63-68, 76-79, 95-97, 280~370, 402404, 409-413 SplCa splenius capitis muscle 28-40, 59, 61, 63, 65, 73-79, 81 SplCe splenius cervicis muscle 36-40, 77 SplM splenius capitis and cervicis muscle 40 SpM spinalis muscle 37-40 spocs superior postcentral sulcus 288~306 sprs superior precentral sulcus 95, 96, 174~235 spth spinothalamic tract 270, 271, 274, 276, 280 septum pellucidum 53, 173 SptP SPul superior pulvinar nucleus 269, 271, 275, 277, 424, 425 SRec superior rectus muscle 26, 27, 47, 49, 78-80 SRoG superior rostral gyrus 45, 46-51 ss straight sinus 61, 63 sulcus semiannularis ssa SSG superior sagittal gyrus 404-406, 409, 410 SSG-a superior sagittal gyrus, anterior part 95 SSG-p superior sagittal gyrus, posterior part 95 ssgs superior sagittal sinus 47, 51, 57~71, 95, 97, 376~391 SSpCa semispinalis capitis muscle 26-40, 59, 61, 63, 65, 76-79, 81 SSpCe semispinal cervicis muscle 37-40, 61, 79 SSpG subsplenial gyrus 299, 300, 303, 304 sss superior sagittal sulcus (v.Economo/Koskinas) 95, 97, 376~391 SSTI substriatal terminal island 169~209, 217 sstr sagittal stratum 304~378 st stria terminalis 21, 23, 56, 59, 79, 80, 82, 186~287, 417-426

448

sta staf stam stap STG

superficial temporal artery 25-33, 73 superior temporal artery, frontal branch 49, 51 superior temporal artery, middle branch 53 superior temporal artery, posterior branch 53 superior temporal gyrus 17-25, 49-65, 73-77, 79, 95, 96, 156~358, 403-407, 412-414 STh subthalamic nucleus 56, 57, 233~251, 406, 407, 409, 419, 420, 421, 438 sternohyoid muscle 47, 49, 79-81 StHy sthy superior thyroid artery 39, 40, 51, 53 sthyv superior thyroid vein 51 StM sternomastoid muscle 31-35, 37-40, 53~63, 73-75 str superior thalamic stria 208~244 superior temporal sulcus 95, 96, 151~307, 354~371 sts sts-a superior temporal sulcus, anterior segment 96 sts-asc superior temporal sulcus, ascending segment 96, 306~337, 340, 341 sts-h superior temporal sulcus, horizontal segment 96, 306~365 superior temporal sulcus, posterior segment 96 sts-p StT sternomastoid muscle, tendon 30, 74 stv superficial temporal vein 25, 29, 55, 57 Sty styloid process 30-34, 53 StyGl styloglossus muscle 35-38, 49, 51, 53, 77, 78 StyHy stylohyoid muscle 35, 36-40, 51, 53, 77-79 StyPh stylopharyngeus muscle 33, 35-38, 53, 77, 78 SuM supramammillary nucleus 221, 223, 227, 430, 431 sumx supramammillary commissure 233, 235, 239, 420 sutra supratrochlear artery 26, 27 supratrochlear nerve 27 sutrn sutrv supratrochlear vein 26 sv septal vein 145, 163~211 sexual dimorphic nucleus 197, 199 SxD Symp sympathetic trunk 37-40, 76 stratum zonale 232~244 sz TCb tentorium cerebelli 57, 59, 65 TCd tail of caudate nucleus 21, 23, 55-59, 79, 229~289, 406, 407, 411 temporal claustrum 181~211 TCl tela choroidea of the lateral ventricle 247 tclv tectum of midbrain 58, 82-84 Tec Temp temporal bone 25-27, 31, 55 TempM temporalis muscle 25-34, 47~61, 73-78 TempP temporal bone, petrosal part 29 TempT temporalis muscle, tendon 35, 73-75 tensor tympani muscle 55 TenT TeVePal tensor veli palatini muscle 32-34, 49, 51, 78, 80, 81 TF parahippocampal area TF 253~297 temporal fascia 25, 29, 31 tf transverse facial artery 32, 33, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53 tfa tenia of fimbria 239, 247, 253 tfi tfp transverse fibers of the pons 245 tfv transverse facial vein 53 tfx tenia of fornix 217, 239, 253, 277 parahippocampal area TH 257~281 TH Th thalamus 20-23, 81, 83, 84, 436 ThC thyroid cartilage 40, 49, 80, 81 ThHy thyrohyoid muscle 39, 40, 49, 51, 80 ThHyMe thyrohyoid membrane 39, 40 thalamic radiation (corona radiata) 79 thr TIG transverse insular gyrus 97, 142~162, 407, 411, 412 TL temporal lobe 28, 29, 51, 55 tla transverse ligament of atlas 83 TLev torus levatorius 82 temporal horn of lateral ventricle 27, 54-59, 80, 217~287 TLV TM tuberomammillary nucleus 215, 217, 221, 223, 407, 430, 431 TMD temporomandibular disc 53 tongue tongue 37, 47, 79, 81 TOp temporal operculum 74-77, 96 transverse orbital sulcus 97, 126, 127, 130-133, 136 tors tos transverse occipital sulcus 95, 96, 382-385 tos-l transverse occipital sulcus, lateral ramus 95, 96, 384, 388, 389 tos-m transverse occipital sulcus, medial ramus 95, 96, 384, 388, 389 TOTZ temporo-occipital transition zone 95, 96, 346~375, 404, 405, 412, 413 tp tapetum 216~372 TP temporal pole 26, 27, 49, 50, 51, 96, 407, 408, 410-412 TPC temporopolar cortex 150, 153, 154 TPCl lateral temporopolar cortex 149~177 TPCm medial temporopolar cortex 147~167 TPG temporopolar gyrus 95, 97, 156~172, 407, 408, 411-413 TrA triangular area (Wernicke) 265, 269 TrLV trigone of lateral ventricle 60, 61, 78, 79, 289~307 TrP4 transverse process of fourth vertebra 40 TrPAt transverse process of the atlas 34, 35, 77, 79 trs transverse sinus 63, 65, 74-76, 78, 79

TS triangular septal nucleus 191, 193, 197, 199 ts triangular sulcus 96 tsc tenia semicircularis 217, 239, 247, 253, 277 thalamostriate vein 21, 58, 191~241, 247, 251, 257, 263, 283, 287 tsv tt tenia of thalamus 217, 227, 239, 253 TTG transverse temporal gyrus/gyri 20-23, 54-61, 73-77, 405, 406 TTG1 anterior transverse temporal gyrus 210~292, 405, 412-414 TTG2 posterior transverse temporal gyrus 252~292, 404, 405 dorsal trigeminothalamic tract 265 tth TTub torus tubarius 82 Tu olfactory tubercle 52, 53, 175~205 TuTI tubercular terminal islands 179~199 tv temporal vein(s) 26, 27, 29 transverse temporal sulcus 96 tvt TyC tympanic cavity 29, 77 TzM trapezius muscle 31-40, 65, 67, 76-81 Un uncus 53, 54, 95, 97, 178~251, 407, 429 unc uncinate fasciculus 120~232 uncinate nucleus 197, 199, 427, 429 Unn unn uncal notch 193~215, 220~232 uns uncal sulcus (impression) 184, 190~216 us uncal sulcus 95, 97, 221, 241, 245, 247 Uv uvula 33, 35, 36, 37, 49, 51 v vein 37-40 VA ventroanterior thalamic nucleus (ventral anterior nucleus) 217, 221, 223, 229, 409, 417, 418 VAb basal ventroanterior thalamic nucleus [VM] (entry zone of nigral and amygdaloid afferents) 233~241, 406, 409, 419, 420 ventral amygdalofugal fibers (pathway) 196~216, 417-419 vaf VAL lateral ventroanterior thalamic nucleus 227, 233~239, 405, 406, 410, 418-420, 435 medial ventroanterior thalamic nucleus 227, 233, 405, 406, 410, VAM 418, 419, 435 VAMC ventroanterior thalamic nucleus, magnocellular part 227, 229, 233, 235, 418, 419 VCl ventral claustrum 175~245 vertical limb of the diagonal nucleus 185, 187, 191 VDB vermis of cerebellum 23, 58, 60 Ver vert vertebral artery 30-38, 40, 55, 57, 59, 78-81 Vert5 fifth cervical vertebra 39, 40, 55 Vert6 sixth cervical vertebra 40 VGP ventral globus pallidus 187~245 VL ventrolateral thalamic nucleus 56, 57, 229, 405, 406, 410, 435 VLA anterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus 223, 233, 235, 239, 406, 419, 420 VLb basal (inferior) ventrolateral thalamic nucleus [VPI] (entry zone of the cerebellar fibers) 241~247, 410, 420, 421 VLP posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus 406, 435 VLPE posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, external part 235~253, 419-421 VLPI posterior ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, internal part 241~247, 420, 421 VMH ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus 407, 409, 429, 430 VMHDM ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part 209~221, 429, 430 VMHVL ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part 209~221, 429, 430 Vom vomer 31, 33, 34, 45, 49 VP ventroposterior thalamic nucleus 193~205, 221~245 VPb basal ventroposterior nucleus [VMpo] (entry zone of sensory afferents) 251~269, 406, 422-424 VPL lateral ventroposterior thalamic nucleus 247~265, 405, 406, 410, 421-424 VPM medial ventroposterior thalamic nucleus 251~259, 406, 421, 422 VPMPC medial ventroposterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part 245~259, 420-422 vr2 ventral ramus 2 57 vr4 ventral ramus 4 57 vt velum terminale 235 VTA ventral tegmental area 235~245, 251~259 vtx ventral tegmental decussation 256, 258 xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles 262~275, 423425 ZI zona incerta 215~239, 245~259, 406, 418-422, 435 ZID zona incerta, dorsal part 241 ZIV zona incerta, ventral part 241 Zyg zygomatic bone 29, 31, 33, 45, 75 ZygA zygomatic arch 47, 49, 51, 73 ZygM zygomatic muscle(s) 76, 77

Atlas of the 4 Human Brain

th th Edition

Jürgen K. Mai Milan Majtanik George Paxinos

The fourth edition of Atlas of the Human Brain presents the anatomy of the brain at macroscopic and microscopic levels, featuring different aspects of brain morphology and topography. This greatly enlarged new edition provides the most detailed and accurate delineations of brain structure available. It includes features which assist in the new fields of neuroscience – functional imaging, resting state imaging and tractography. Atlas of the Human Brain is an essential guide to those working with human brain imaging or attempting to relate their observations on experimental animals to humans. Totally new in this edition is the inclusion of Nissl plates with delineation of cortical areas (Brodmann’s areas), the first time that these areas have been presented in serial histological sections. Part 1: The Atlases of the Brain in the Head (Macroscopic Atlas) displays the brain in the head sectioned in the three cardinal planes. It consists of serial 1 cm thick sections from three human heads that were previously scanned with MRI. This presentation allows for correlation of the brain with bony landmarks, nerves, and blood vessels. In addition, included are X-ray images of the cadaver sections and MR-images from a healthy volunteer showing levels corresponding to those depicted in the atlas plates. Part 2: The Atlas of the Brain in MNI Stereotaxic Space (Microscopic Atlas) consists of a detailed atlas of the isolated brain in MNI stereotaxic coordinates represented by 149 serial histological sections of one hemisphere with meticulous delineations. It displays the myelo- and cytoarchitecture accompanied by detailed diagrammatic delineations. New Features of the 4th edition: • The contents of the Atlas of the brain in MNI stereotaxic space has been extensively expanded from 143 pages, showing 69 levels through the hemisphere, to 314 pages representing 99 levels. • In addition to the fiber-stained (myelin) plates, we now provide fifty new (Nissl) plates covering cytoarchitecture. These are interdigitated within the existing myelin plates of the stereotaxic atlas. • All photographic plates now represent the complete hemisphere. • All photographs of the cell- and fiber-stained sections have been transformed to fit the MNI-space. • Major fiber tracts are identified in the fiber-stained sections. • In the Nissl plates cortical delineations (Brodmann’s areas) are provided for the first time. • The number of diagrams increased to 99. They were now generated from the 3D reconstruction of the hemisphere registered to the MNI- stereotaxic space. They can be used for immediate comparison between our atlas and experimental and clinical imaging results. • Parts of cortical areas are displayed at high magnification on the facing page of full page Nissl sections. Images selected highlight those areas which are thought to correspond with those published by von Economo and Koskinas (1925). • A novel way of depicting cortical areal pattern is used: The cortical cytoarchitectonic ribbon is unfolded and presented linearly. This linear representation of the cortex enables the comparison of different interpretations of cortecal areas and allows mapping of activation sites. • Low magnification diagrams in the horizontal (axial) and sagittal planes are included, calculated from the 3D model of the atlas brain.

ISBN 978-0-12-802800-1

9 780128 028001