Atlas of Sectional Anatomy: The Musculoskeletal System [1 ed.] 3131465417, 9783131465412

Table of contents :
Cover
Table of Contents
Whole Body
Veins Bones Fatty tissue
Cartilage Tendon
Disk, labrum, etc. Fluid
Intestine, stomach Pancreas Esophagus
Liver
Air
Gland Spleen Kidney Prostate Testes
Facial muscles
Adductor muscles (of thigh)
Quadriceps, short muscles of head and neck
Peroneus muscles
Popliteus muscle
Shoulder, hip, and thigh (except adductors muscles
Trunk, shoulder girdle, and dorsal muscles of upper arm
Muscles of lower leg (extensors)
Erector spinae (medial tract) and triceps surae muscles
Muscles of lower leg (flexors)
Small finger muscles
Erector spinae (lateral tract) and ventral muscles of upper arm
Muscles of the thoracic wall
Prevertebral cervical muscles and radial muscles of lower arm
Volar muscles of lower arm
Dorsal muscles of lower arm
A natomic Structures Color Code: Temporomandibular Joint
Temporomandibular Joint
Arteries Nerves V e ins Bones F a tty tissue
Disk, labrum, etc. Fluid
Air
Cartilage T e ndons
F acial Muscles, v e n tral cervical muscles
Muscles of the trunk and shoulder girdle
P arotid gland
Prevertebral cervical muscles
Temporomandibular Joint, Coronal
Temporomandibular Joint, Sagittal
Mouth closed
Mouth o pen
Mouth closed
Mouth o pen
A natomic Structures Color Code: Spine
Spine
Disk, intervertebral cartilage Fluid, cerebrospinal fluid Lymph nodes
Esophagus
Liver
Air
Intestine
Muscles of Face and Ventral Cervical Muscles Digastric muscle Stylohyoid
Sternohyoid
Muscles of Thoracic Cage
External, internal, and innermost intercostals
Transversus thoracis
Subcostal
Scalenus anterior, medius, minimus, and posterior
Muscles of the Trunk—
Shoulder Girdle—Arm Rhomboideus major and minor Sternocleidomastoid
Levator scapulae
Serratus anterior and posterior Pectoralis major and minor Trapezius
Leg—Abdomen Latissimus dorsi
Psoas
Quadratus lumborum Piriformis
Gluteus medius
Short Muscles of Neck and Head Joints
Rectus capitis posterior major and minor
Obliquus capitis superior and inferior
Peroneus
Prevertebral Cervical Muscles
Longus capitis and longus colli Rectus capitis lateralis and anterior
Erector Spinae Muscles (Lateral Tract)
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis Intertransversarii
Levatores costarum
Erector Spinae Muscles (Medial Tract)
Spinal system: interspinous muscles Transversospinal system: rotatores brev
Spine, Sagittal
III
Thoracic Spine, Axial
A natomic Structures Color Code: Upper Extremity
Radial Muscles of Lower Arm
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Volar Muscles of Lower Arm (superficial layer)
Pronator teres
Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi radialis et ulnaris Palmaris lon
Volar Muscles of Lower Arm (deep layer)
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
Upper E xtremity
Cartilage Tendon
Disk, labrum etc. Fluid
Shoulder and Muscles of Upper Arm
Muscles of Trunk
Serratus anterior and serratus posterior Omohyoid
Trapezius
Subclavius
Intercostal
Muscles of Shoulder
Deltoid
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus
Pectoralis major and minor Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi
Teres major and minor
Volar Muscles of Upper Arm
Biceps brachii Brachialis
Dorsal Muscles of Upper Arm
Triceps brachii Anconeus
Muscles of Hand
Dorsal and palmar interosseous Lumbrical
Muscles of Thumb
Abductor pollicis longus and brevis Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
Muscles of Lower Arm
Dorsal Muscles of Lower Arm (superficial layer)
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscles of Little (Fifth) Finger
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi
Dorsal Muscles of Lower Arm
Supinator
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Extensor indicis
A natomic Structures Color Code: Lower Extremity
Lower Extremity
Cartilage
Tendon
Meniscus, labrum, etc. Fluid
Intestine
Hip and Thigh Muscles
Lower Leg Muscles
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Iliacus
Iliopsoas
Psoas
Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus Piriformis
Gemellus muscles
Quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Extensor group
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus group
Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis) and peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
Flexor group
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
Triceps surae
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus abdominis
Internal and external oblique abdominal Transversus abdominis
Muscles of Foot
Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis brevis
Adductors
Obturator externus
Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis, and magnus Gracilis
Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
Dorsal and plantar interossei
Flexor digitorum brevis Quadratus plantae Lumbricals
Muscles of Big Toe
Flexor hallucis brevis Abductor hallucis Adductor hallucis
Muscles of Little (Fifth) Toe Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi O
Popliteus
Index

Citation preview

Atlas of Sectional Anatomy The Musculoskeletal System Torsten B. Moeller, MD Department of Radiology Caritas Hospital Dillingen, Germany

Emil Reif, MD Department of Radiology Caritas Hospital Dillingen, Germany

796 illustrations

Thieme Stuttgart · New York

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Möller, Torsten B. [Atlas der Schnittbildanatomie. English] Atlas of sectional anatomy : the musculoskeletal system / Torsten B. Moeller, Emil Reif. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-3-13-146541-2 (alk. paper) 1. Musculoskeletal system—Anatomy. I. Reif, Emil. II. Möller, Torsten B. Atlas der Schnittbildanatomie. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Musculoskeletal System—anatomy & histology—Atlases. 2. Anatomy, Cross-Sectional—Atlases. 3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Atlases. WE 17 M7262a 2009a] QM100.M6513 2009 611'.7—dc22 2009021820 Translator: Barbara Herzberger, MD, Munich, Germany

Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the authors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page.

Illustrator: Barbara Gay, Stuttgart, Germany

© 2009 Georg Thieme Verlag Rüdigerstraße 14 70469 Stuttgart Germany http://www.thieme.de Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA http://www.thieme.com

Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.

Cover design: Thieme Publishing Group Typesetting by primustype Hurler, Notzingen Printed in China by Leo Paper Products LTD, Hong Kong ISBN 978-3-13-146541-2

1 2 3 4 5 6

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For my American relatives Bernie and Arlene, Bryan, Nancy, Rick and Bill, Claudia, Dale, Bryan, Jamie, and Meghan, Audrey, Mike, Kristin and Katelyn, Shirley, Mike, Michael, Austin, and Amanda

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VI

Preface

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the musculoskeletal system has become an integral part of routine investigations for the diagnosis of diseases of the joints, soft tissues, bones, and bone marrow. Continual improvements in image quality have been accompanied by increased demands on knowledge of anatomic details. Those who are unable to identify normal findings on imaging can find it difficult to recognize pathologic findings. This book was written to fulfill three demands: to provide high-resolution images with detailed and precise labeling of all relevant structures while, at the same time, providing a clear overview of the area being imaged. High-quality imaging can be obtained with most modern MRI technology, and many images in this book have been produced with 3 Tesla equipment. A 32channel magnetic resonance tomograph with overlapping surface coils was used for the whole-body scans. Although a highly complicated and time-consuming procedure, we produced all of the ink drawings ourselves to ensure the precise reproduction of the detailed images. No currently available computer program is able to produce images that can emphasize important structures and omit less important ones as well as a human being. The illustrator must also have sufficient knowledge about the structure she or he is dealing with before beginning to draw because the width of a line and its course often depend on this knowledge. The complex colored illustrations and strict adherence to a consistent concept have ensured both clarity and a high degree of detail in this book. All images are accompanied by corresponding colored illustrations. Particular structures are always illustrated in the same color, e.g., muscles are always shown in different shades of red and brown, so that each group of muscles is represented by a distinct shade. This makes it possible to differentiate even large, connected groups of muscles quickly. The illustrations are also presented in an order that makes it easier to locate the desired slices. The Atlas starts with an overview in the form of a whole-body image and the temporomandibular joint, and the rest of it is divided into three large chapters: the spine, upper extremity, and lower extremity. In the last two chapters the cross-sectional images of the arms and legs are displayed from proximal to distal to produce an uninterrupted illustration of the transverse ana-

tomy. This layout especially facilitates recognition of structures extending beyond the joints. These images are then followed by images of coronal and sagittal slices, with the exception of the shoulder and the jaw. Reproductions of these structures are presented parallel (paracoronal) and perpendicular (parasagittal) to the supraspinatus muscle or the head of the temporomandibular joint in accordance with international conventions. To further facilitate rapid orientation, the illustrations are accompanied by corresponding MRI slices, and the orientation diagrams at the bottom of each page provide relational information about the sides of the body part being illustrated, for example which side is the radial or ulnar, or dorsal or ventral, side. We have consistently used official terminology when labeling the illustrations. If a structure may be referred to by several different terms, we have used the most common ones. This book could not have been produced without the active support of many committed assistants, to whom we are most grateful. We would like to offer special thanks to our radiographic assistants, Silke Köhl, Sabine Mattil, Stefanie Müller, Heike Philippi, Brigitte Schild, and Petra Weber. We also wish to thank our medical colleagues Sigrid Roth and Simone Zenner for intense discussions and encouragement. This Atlas is based on almost 25 years of personal experience in the field of practical MRI and has profited from the knowledge accumulated during the publication of more than 15 textbooks during the past years. We ourselves benefited enormously from over a year and a half of intensive deliberations on the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system. We have also thoroughly enjoyed the “artistic” aspect of producing this book and—also thanks to the luxurious layout—are proud to present a work that is not only informative but a collector’s item. It is, therefore, not surprising that we can say that the entire project provided us with a great deal of pleasure, which more than compensates for the time and effort spent on preparing this book. We hope that our readers will also benefit from our experience and wish them little effort, great success, and lots of fun while using this book.

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Torsten B. Moeller Emil Reif

VII

Table of Contents

Whole Body Whole Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

Temporomandibular Joint Temporomandibular Joint, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporomandibular Joint, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23 24

Spine Spine, Sagittal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cervical Spine, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cervical Spine, Coronal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cervical Spine, Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thoracic Spine, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thoracic Spine, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thoracic Spine, Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27 28 31 34 39 42 49

Lumbar Spine, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lumbar Spine, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lumbar Spine, Axial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sacrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50 54 57 60

64 117 128 136 142

Hand, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hand, Sagittal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

148 156

163 214 222 230 242

Foot, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Foot, Sagittal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

256 274

Upper Extremity Arm, Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoulder, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoulder, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elbow, Coronal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elbow, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lower Extremity Leg, Axial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Knee, Coronal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Knee, Sagittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Index Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Arteries

Disk, labrum, etc.

Nerves

Fluid

Veins

Intestine, stomach

Bones

Pancreas

Fatty tissue

Esophagus

Cartilage

Liver

Tendon

Air Gland Spleen Kidney Prostate Testes

Facial muscles Quadriceps, short muscles

Adductor muscles (of thigh)

of head and neck

Peroneus muscles

Shoulder, hip, and thigh

Popliteus muscle

(except adductors muscles Trunk, shoulder girdle, and dorsal muscles of upper arm Erector spinae (medial tract)

Muscles of lower leg (extensors) Muscles of lower leg (flexors)

and triceps surae muscles Erector spinae (lateral tract)

Small finger muscles

and ventral muscles of upper arm Muscles of the thoracic wall Prevertebral cervical muscles and radial muscles of lower arm Volar muscles of lower arm Dorsal muscles of lower arm

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Whole Body

Anatomic Structures Color Code: Whole Body

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Temporal muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle Longus colli muscle Cervical spine Sternocleidomastoid muscle Anterior scalene muscle Acromioclavicular joint Trachea Coracoid process Deltoid muscle Supraspinatus muscle Humerus (head) Internal jugular vein Common carotid artery Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Right lung Pectoralis major muscle Right ventricle Ascending aorta Intercostal muscles and ribs Pectoralis minor muscle Liver Left ventricle Ileum Stomach Cecum Jejunum Anterior superior iliac spine Transversus abdominis muscle Urinary bladder Internal oblique muscle Iliacus muscle External oblique muscle External iliac artery and vein Gluteus medius muscle Tensor fasciae latae muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Pectineus muscle Rectus femoris muscle

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Adductor longus muscle Symphysis Superficial femoral artery and vein Scrotum Vastus lateralis muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus medialis muscle Femur (shaft) Femoral condyle Knee joint Lateral collateral ligament Tibia (head) Tibia (shaft) Tibialis anterior muscle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Parotid gland Temporomandibular (jaw) joint Sternocleidomastoid muscle Atlanto-axial joint (median) Anterior scalene muscle Clavicle Acromioclavicular joint Acromion Supraspinatus muscle (and tendon) Humerus (head) Coracoid process Pectoralis minor muscle Deltoid muscle Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Coracobrachialis muscle Aortic arch Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Left lung Cephalic vein Left ventricle Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Diaphragm Right atrium Stomach Intercostal muscles and ribs Jejunum Liver External oblique muscle Abdominal aorta Internal oblique muscle Ilium (superior margin of the iliac crest) Transversus abdominis muscle Psoas major muscle Ilium (acetabular roof) Iliacus muscle Femur (head) Gluteus medius muscle Deep artery of the thigh

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Gluteus minimus muscle Pubis Iliopsoas muscle Superficial femoral artery and vein Pectineus muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Adductor brevis muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Adductor longus muscle Vastus medialis muscle Sartorius muscle Medial and lateral femoral condyles Femur (shaft) Knee joint Tibia (head) Tibia (shaft) Tibialis anterior muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Sternocleidomastoid muscle Levator scapulae muscle Middle scalene muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Posterior scalene muscle Acromioclavicular joint Clavicle Supraspinatus muscle Acromion Infraspinatus muscle (tendon) Coracoid process Humerus (head) Axillary artery and vein Teres minor muscle Deltoid muscle Subscapularis muscle Coracobrachialis muscle Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Right lung Aortic arch Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Left ventricle Right atrium Stomach Liver Abdominal aorta Internal and external oblique muscles Psoas (major) muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Iliacus muscle Ilium (iliac crest, superior margin) Ilium (acetabular roof) Common iliac artery Hip joint Gluteus medius muscle Femur (head)

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Whole Body 41 Gluteus minimus muscle 42 Pubis 43 Iliofemoral ligament and capsule of hip joint 44 Adductor brevis muscle 45 Iliopsoas muscle 46 Vastus lateralis muscle 47 Obturator externus muscle 48 Vastus medialis muscle 49 Gracilis muscle 50 Vastus intermedius muscle 51 Adductor longus muscle 52 Femur (shaft) 53 Superficial femoral artery and vein 54 Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) 55 Sartorius muscle 56 Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) 57 Lateral femoral condyle 58 Medial femoral condyle 59 Knee joint 60 Tibia (head) 61 Anterior cruciate ligament 62 Tibialis anterior muscle 63 Flexor digitorum longus muscle 64 Peroneus longus muscle 65 Tibia (shaft) 66 Extensor digitorum longus muscle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Splenius capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Sternocleidomastoid muscle Multifidus cervicis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Clavicle Joint socket Acromion Infraspinatus muscle Supraspinatus muscle Subscapularis muscle Humerus (head) Teres minor muscle Serratus anterior muscle (upper part) Deltoid muscle Axillary artery and vein Trachea (bifurcation) Aortic arch Biceps brachii muscle and coracobrachialis muscle Pulmonary artery Brachioradialis muscle and humerus (shaft) Left lung Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Left atrium Liver Stomach Internal and external oblique muscles Intercostal muscles and ribs Transversus abdominis muscle Abdominal aorta Iliacus muscle Extensor carpi radialis muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Ilium (superior margin, iliac crest) Ilium (roof of acetabulum) Psoas major muscle Femur (head) Gluteus medius muscle

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Whole Body 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Obturator internus muscle Hip joint Iliopsoas muscle Greater trochanter Adductor brevis muscle Obturator externus muscle Adductor longus muscle Ischium Superficial femoral artery and vein Gracilis muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Vastus lateralis muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Vastus intermedius and medialis muscles Lateral femoral condyle Sartorius muscle Posterior cruciate ligament Biceps femoris muscle Tibia (head) Medial femoral condyle Popliteus muscle Fibula (head) Flexor digitorum longus muscle Peroneus longus muscle Extensor hallucis longus muscle Soleus muscle Tibia (shaft) Tibialis posterior muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Talus Tibiotalar joint

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Obliquus capitis superior muscle Splenius capitis muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Longissimus capitis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Serratus anterior muscle (upper part) Supraspinatus muscle Acromion Infraspinatus muscle and head of humerus Suprascapularis muscle Joint socket Teres minor muscle Deltoid muscle Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Aortic arch Posterior circumflex humeral artery Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Humerus (shaft) Biceps brachii muscle and coracobrachialis muscle Right lung Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Liver Brachialis muscle Internal and external oblique muscles Descending aorta Transversus abdominis muscle Brachioradialis muscle Iliacus muscle Psoas major muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Radius Gluteus medius muscle Femur (head) Ilium

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Whole Body 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Greater trochanter Hip joint Pectineus muscle Obturator internus muscle Adductor brevis muscle Obturator externus muscle Gracilis muscle Adductor minimus muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Semimembranosus muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Great saphenous vein Adductor magnus muscle Lateral femoral condyle Superficial femoral artery and vein Popliteus muscle Biceps femoris muscle Fibula (head) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Soleus muscle Popliteal artery and vein Tibialis posterior muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Tibia Peroneus brevis muscle Talus Talocrural joint of the ankle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Splenius capitis muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Trapezius muscle (descending part) Subscapularis muscle Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Scapula (spine) Levator scapulae muscle Deltoid muscle Supraspinatus muscle Teres minor muscle Infraspinatus muscle Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Left lung Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Thoracic aorta Humerus (shaft) Ulnar nerve Intercostal muscles and ribs Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Latissimus dorsi muscle Coracobrachialis muscle Liver Biceps brachii muscle Right kidney Brachioradialis muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Spleen Gluteus medius muscle Internal and external oblique muscles and transversus abdominis muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Psoas major muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Iliofemoral ligament Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi muscles Femur (head) Flexor carpi radialis muscle

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Whole Body 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Lesser trochanter Sacro-iliac joint Adductor magnus muscle Sacrum Gracilis muscle Roof of acetabulum (ilium) Tibial nerve Obturator externus muscle Semimembranosus muscle Adductor minimus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Adductor brevis muscle Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Vastus intermedius muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Vastus lateralis muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Great saphenous vein Peroneus longus muscle Sartorius muscle Fibula (shaft) Soleus muscle Peroneus brevis muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Tibia Fibula (lateral malleolus) Talus Calcaneus

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Semispinalis capitis muscle Splenius capitis muscle Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Trapezius muscle (descending part) Splenius cervicis muscle Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Levator scapulae muscle Supraspinatus muscle Serratus anterior muscle (upper part) Infraspinatus muscle Scapula (spine) Teres minor muscle Subscapularis muscle Teres major muscle Deltoid muscle Right lung Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Serratus anterior muscle (middle and lower parts) Latissimus dorsi muscle Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Cephalic vein Humerus (shaft) Diaphragm Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii muscles Spleen Liver Intercostal muscles and ribs Right kidney Psoas major muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Internal and external oblique muscles and transversus abdominis muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Interspinous ligament Gluteus medius muscle Sacro-iliac joint Ulna Gluteus maximus muscle Sacrum (lateral mass) Piriformis muscle

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Whole Body 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

Intertrochanteric crest Gemellus superior muscle Obturator internus muscle Obturator externus muscle Levator ani muscle Gemellus inferior muscle Ischium Quadratus femoris muscle Adductor magnus muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Sciatic nerve Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Gracilis muscle Semimembranosus muscle Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Soleus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Peroneus longus muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Peroneus brevis muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Fibula (lateral malleolus)

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Semispinalis capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Scapula (medial margin) Trapezius muscle Scapula (spine) Multifidus cervicis muscle Subscapularis muscle Rhomboid minor muscle and serratus anterior muscle Infraspinatus muscle Deltoid muscle Teres minor muscle Teres major muscle Scapula (lateral angle) Triceps brachii muscle Left lung Latissimus dorsi muscle Serratus anterior muscle Diaphragm Spleen Liver Cephalic vein Humerus Left kidney Flexor carpi radialis muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Multifidus lumborum muscle Interspinales lumborum muscles Palmaris longus muscle Sacro-iliac joint Gluteus medius muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Sacrum (lateral mass) Rectum Piriformis muscle Gemellus inferior muscle Levator ani muscle Ischium Obturator internus muscle

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Whole Body 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

Vastus lateralis muscle Sciatic nerve Semitendinosus muscle Semimembranosus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Gracilis muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Peroneus longus muscle Soleus muscle Peroneus brevis muscle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Semispinalis capitis muscle Trapezius muscle Levator scapulae muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Scapula (spine) Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Erector spinae muscle Subscapularis muscle Infraspinatus muscle Deltoid muscle Teres major muscle Triceps brachii muscle Right lung Serratus anterior muscle Diaphragm Latissimus dorsi muscle Liver Spleen Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Intercostal muscle Humerus Cephalic vein Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Longissimus lumborum muscle Sacro-iliac joint Multifidus lumborum muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Ilium Piriformis muscle Sacrum (lateral mass) Levator ani muscle Anus Obturator internus muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Semitendinosus muscle Ischium Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Semimembranosus muscle

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Whole Body

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Left Lateral Caudal

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Whole Body 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Trapezius muscle Levator scapulae muscle Scapula (spine) Rhomboid minor muscle Serratus posterior muscle Erector spinae muscle Deltoid muscle Infraspinatus muscle Subscapularis muscle Teres major muscle Serratus anterior muscle Triceps brachii muscle Right lung Latissimus dorsi muscle Diaphragm Spinal cord (thoracic part) Liver Intercostal muscles and ribs Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Longissimus lumborum muscle Interspinales lumborum muscles Interspinal ligament Ilium Sacro-iliac joint Sacrum (lateral mass) Rectum Piriformis muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Semitendinosus muscle Semimembranosus muscle

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Whole Body

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Temporomandibular Joint

Anatomic Structures Color Code: Temporomandibular Joint Arteries

Disk, labrum, etc.

Nerves

Fluid

Veins

Air

Bones Fatty tissue Cartilage Tendons

Facial Muscles, ventral cervical muscles Prevertebral cervical muscles Muscles of the trunk and shoulder girdle Parotid gland

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Temporomandibular Joint, Coronal 23

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Temporal muscle Internal carotid artery (petrous part) Temporal bone Temporal lobe Upper joint space Articular disk (posterior ligament) Superficial temporal artery Lower joint space Zygomatic process Medial joint capsule Lateral joint capsule Lateral pterygoid muscle Mandible (head) Mandible (neck) Parotid gland Maxillary veins Masseter muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Ramus of mandible

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Cranial Lateral

Medial Caudal

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Temporomandibular Joint, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Temporal muscle Temporal lobe and temporal bone Upper joint space Articular fossa Articular disk (posterior ligament) Bilaminar zone (upper retrodiskal layer) Lower joint space Bilaminar zone (lower retrodiskal layer) Articular tubercle Mandible (head) Articular disk (intermediate zone) Mastoid Lateral pterygoid muscle (upper head) Retroarticular tissue Articular disk (anterior ligament) External acoustic meatus Maxillary artery and vein Mandible (neck) Lateral pterygoid muscle (lower head) Sternocleidomastoid muscle Inferior alveolar artery and nerve Parotid gland Masseter muscle Parotid vein Mandibular canal Mandible (ramus) Inferior alveolar nerve

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Temporomandibular Joint, Sagittal 25

Mouth closed

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

Mouth open

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Spine

Anatomic Structures Color Code: Spine Arteries

Disk, intervertebral cartilage

Nerves

Fluid, cerebrospinal fluid

Veins

Lymph nodes

Bones

Esophagus

Fatty tissue

Liver

Cartilage

Air

Tendon

Intestine

Muscles of Face and

Muscles of Thoracic Cage

Ventral Cervical Muscles

External, internal, and innermost

Digastric muscle

intercostals

Stylohyoid

Transversus thoracis

Sternohyoid

Subcostal

Short Muscles of Neck and Head Joints

Scalenus anterior, medius, minimus, and posterior

Rectus capitis posterior major

Peroneus

and minor

Muscles of the Trunk—

Obliquus capitis superior and inferior

Shoulder Girdle—Arm

Prevertebral Cervical Muscles

Rhomboideus major and minor

Longus capitis and longus colli

Sternocleidomastoid

Rectus capitis lateralis and anterior

Levator scapulae

Erector Spinae Muscles (Lateral Tract)

Serratus anterior and posterior

Iliocostalis

Pectoralis major and minor

Longissimus

Trapezius

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

Muscles of the Trunk—

Intertransversarii

Leg—Abdomen

Levatores costarum

Latissimus dorsi

Erector Spinae Muscles (Medial Tract)

Psoas

Spinal system:

Quadratus lumborum

interspinous muscles

Piriformis

Transversospinal system:

Gluteus medius

rotatores breves and longi Multifidus cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum Semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis

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Spine, Sagittal 1 2 I 3 4 5 6 II

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Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

I II III IV V

Cervical vertebrae C 1–7 Thoracic vertebrae Th 1–12 Lumbar vertebrae L 1–5 Sacrum (sacral vertebrae 1–5) Coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae 1–3 or 1–4)

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Nuchal ligament Dens axis, C 2 Vertebra prominens, C 7 Body of thoracic vertebra T1 Vertebral canal Spinal cord (thoracic part) Intervertebral disk Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligaments Body of lumbar vertebra L 1 Conus medullaris Cauda equina Spinous process Thecal sac Sacrum (S 1) Promontory Coccyx

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Cervical Spine, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Foramen magnum Trapezius muscle (descending part) Tectorial membrane Occipital bone (internal occipital protuberance) Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane Semispinalis capitis muscle Apical ligament of dens Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Longitudinal fasciculi Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Atlas (anterior arch) Suboccipital fatty tissue Median atlanto-axial joint Atlas (posterior arch) Axis (dens) Deep cervical veins Axis (vertebral body) Transverse ligament of atlas Longus capitis muscle Posterior longitudinal ligament Inferior vertebral endplate C 3 Interspinous ligament Superior vertebral endplate C 4 Cervical spinal cord Anterior longitudinal ligament Premedullary and postmedullary subarachnoid space Intervertebral disk Interspinales muscles Esophagus Spinous process C 7 Basivertebral veins Ligamentum flavum Thoracic vertebral body T1 Supraspinous ligament Bony vertebral canal

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Dorsal Caudal

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Cervical Spine, Sagittal 1

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Vertebral artery Occipital bone Occipital condyle Semispinalis capitis muscle Atlanto-occipital joint Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Atlas (lateral mass) Trapezius muscle (descending part) Atlas (posterior arch) Suboccipital fatty tissue Spinal nerve C 2 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Axis (body) Deep cervical veins Spinal ganglion C 3 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Longus capitis muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle and multifidus muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Splenius capitis muscle Body of cervical vertebra C 7 Semispinalis cervicis muscle Spinal ganglion C 8 Spinal ganglion T1 Intervertebral foramen Inferior articular process First thoracic vertebral body Zygapophyseal joint Posterior intercostal artery (spinal and radicular branches of dorsal branch) Superior articular process Longus colli muscle Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Intervertebral disk Rhomboid muscle Ligamentum flavum Splenius cervicis muscle Posterior intercostal vein

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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Cervical Spine, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Occipital condyle Semispinalis capitis muscle Internal carotid artery Suboccipital fatty tissue Atlanto-occipital joint Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Atlas (lateral mass) Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Vertebral artery Spinal nerve C 2 Deep cervical veins Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Intervertebral foramen Trapezius muscle (descending part) Longus capitis muscle Splenius capitis muscle Vertebral artery (spinal and radicular branches) Inferior articular process Spinal ganglion C 8 Zygapophyseal joint Longus colli muscle Superior articular process First thoracic vertebral body Spinalis cervicis muscle and multifidus muscle Posterior intercostal artery (spinal and radicular branches of dorsal branch) Ligamentum flavum Posterior intercostal vein Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Posterior intercostal artery (dorsal branch)

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Dorsal Caudal

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Cervical Spine, Coronal 1

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External auditory canal Stylomastoid foramen Vertebral vein Internal jugular vein Occipital condyle Mastoid process Parotid gland Rectus capitis lateralis muscle Atlanto-occipital joint Tectorial membrane Atlas (lateral mass) Transverse ligament Atlas (transverse process) Digastric muscle (posterior belly) Axis (dens) Alar ligaments Spinal nerve C 2 Vertebral artery Lateral atlanto-axial joint Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Zygapophyseal joint Levator scapulae muscle Axis (vertebral body) Spinal ganglion C 3 Cervical plexus Sternocleidomastoid muscle Scalenus medius muscle Intervertebral disk (C 2 / C 3) Transverse process C 7 Superior articular process C 4 Cervical vertebral body C 7 Inferior articular process Spinal nerve C 8 Uncinate process C 7 Scalenus posterior muscle Subclavian artery Esophagus Longus colli muscle Lung

Cranial Right

Left Caudal

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Cervical Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Medulla oblongata Sigmoid sinus Mastoid process Foramen magnum Vertebral artery Splenius capitis muscle Digastric muscle (posterior belly) Obliquus capitis superior muscle Atlas (posterior arch) Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Vertebral artery Sternocleidomastoid muscle Spinal ganglion C 2 Levator scapulae muscle Axis (vertebral arch) Splenius cervicis muscle Spinal cord (cervical pulp with central canal) Scalenus medius muscle Posterior intercostal artery (spinal and radicular branches of dorsal branch) Inferior articulate process C 6 Semispinalis cervicis muscle Zygapophyseal joint Cerebrospinal fluid in spinal canal Superior articular process C 7 Spinal dura mater Scalenus posterior muscle Posterior longitudinal ligament First rib (neck) Spinal nerve C 8 Thoracic vertebral body T1 Spinal nerve T1 Intervertebral disk Second rib (head) Left lung First rib (body)

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Left Caudal

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Sigmoid sinus Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Mastoid process Obliquus capitis superior muscle Cisterna magna Suboccipital venous plexus Suboccipital nerve Longissimus capitis muscle Atlas (posterior arch) Splenius capitis muscle Nuchal ligament Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Major occipital nerve Sternocleidomastoid muscle Deep cervical vein Spinous process C 2 Interspinous ligament Semispinalis cervicis muscle Vertebral arch C 7 Levator scapulae muscle First rib (neck and tubercle) Spinalis cervicis muscle and multifidus muscle Spinal cord (thoracic part) Splenius cervicis muscle Intercostal muscles Scalenus posterior muscle Cerebrospinal fluid in vertebral canal Spinal ganglion T1 Spinal dura mater and posterior longitudinal ligament Second rib Second thoracic vertebral body Left lung

Cranial Right

Left Caudal

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Cervical Spine, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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Retromandibular vein Mandible Digastric muscle (posterior belly) Internal jugular vein Internal carotid artery Longus capitis muscle Median atlantoaxial joint Atlas (anterior arch) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Pterygoid venous plexus Vagus nerve (X) Stylohyoid muscle Maxillary artery (mandibular part) Parotid gland Alar ligaments Rectus capitis lateralis muscle Lateral mass of atlas Dens of axis Vertebral artery Cruciate ligament of atlas (longitudinal fascicles and transverse ligament of atlas) Longissimus capitis muscle Sternocleidomastoid muscle Splenius capitis muscle Deep cervical vein Obliquus capitis superior muscle Spinal cord Atlas (posterior arch) Semispinalis capitis muscle Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Trapezius muscle Nuchal ligament

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Ventral Right

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Left Dorsal

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Cervical Spine, Axial 1

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Parotid gland Mandible (ramus) Internal jugular vein Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Longus capitis muscle Dens of axis Anterior longitudinal ligament Vagus nerve (X) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Internal carotid artery Accessory nerve (XI) Digastric muscle (posterior belly) Maxillary artery (mandibular part) Retromandibular vein Atlas (lateral mass) Atlas (transverse process) Transverse ligament of atlas Vertebral artery Ventral nerve root Sternocleidomastoid muscle Dorsal nerve root Longissimus capitis muscle Deep cervical vein Obliquus capitis superior muscle Dura mater and cerebrospinal fluid (subarachnoid space) Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Spinous process Splenius capitis muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Axis (posterior arch) Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Spinal cord Trapezius muscle Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Nuchal ligament

Ventral Right

Left Dorsal

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Cervical Spine, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Medial pterygoid muscle Vagus nerve (X) Accessory nerve (XI) Styloglossus muscle Stylopharyngeus muscle Longus capitis muscle Longus colli muscle Axis (body) Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx Atlas (articular process) Internal carotid artery External carotid artery Mandible (ramus) Digastric muscle (posterior belly) Retromandibular vein Parotid gland Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Internal jugular vein Atlas (transverse process) Axis (body) Sternocleidomastoid muscle Premedullary subarachnoid space Vertebral artery Ventral root of 2nd spinal nerve Longissimus capitis muscle Spinal cord Splenius capitis muscle Dorsal root of 2nd spinal nerve Obliquus capitis inferior muscle Deep cervical vein Spinal ganglion (nerve root) Trapezius muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Axis (posterior arch)

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Left Dorsal

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Cervical Spine, Axial 1

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Vertebral artery Thyroid gland Longus colli muscle Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx Esophagus Cricoid cartilage Basivertebral veins Cervical vertebral body C 5 and intervertebral space C 5 / C 6 Scalenus anterior muscle Vertebral vein Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Sternocleidomastoid muscle Scalenus medius muscle Scalenus posterior muscle Spinal nerve C 5 Premedullary subarachnoid space Spinal ganglion (nerve root) Levator scapulae muscle Superior articular process Spinal cord Zygapophyseal joint Longissimus cervicis muscle Inferior articular process Posterior vertebral arch C 5 (lamina) Deep cervical vein Spinalis cervicis muscle and multifidus muscle Ventral nerve root C 6 Spinous process Dorsal nerve root C 6 Semispinalis capitis muscle Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Trapezius muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Nuchal ligament Splenius capitis muscle

Ventral Right

Left Dorsal

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38

Cervical Spine, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Transverse process Pedicle of vertebral arch Thyroid gland Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus Esophagus Larynx Cervical vertebral body C 6 Longus colli muscle Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Sternocleidomastoid muscle Scalenus anterior muscle Scalenus medius muscle Ventral nerve root C 7 Vertebral artery Articular process Spinal nerve C 6 Levator scapulae muscle Longissimus capitis muscle Spinal cord Deep cervical vein Dorsal nerve root C 7 Longissimus cervicis muscle Posterior vertebral arch C 6 (lamina) Spinalis cervicis muscle and multifidus cervicis muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Nuchal ligament Splenius capitis muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Trapezius muscle

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 14

15 17

16

19

18

21

20

23

22

25

24

27

26

29

28

31

30

33

32

Ventral Right

4

Left Dorsal

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Thoracic Spine, Sagittal 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

33

32

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Esophagus Vertebra prominens C 7 Thyroid gland Interspinales cervices muscles Trachea Supraspinous ligament Sternohyoid muscle Thoracic vertebral body T4 Brachiocephalic trunk Interspinous ligament Sternum (manubrium) Spinous process Left brachiocephalic vein Basivertebral vein Ascending aorta Spinal cord (thoracic part) Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior intercostal artery Pulmonary artery Posterior longitudinal ligament Inferior vertebral endplate T6 Intervertebral disk T9 / T10 (anulus fibrosus) Left atrium Ligamentum flavum Superior vertebral endplate T7 Epidural fatty tissue (retrospinal fat) Azygos vein Conus medullaris Intervertebral disk T9 / T10 (nucleus pulposus) Cauda equina Liver Filum terminale Descending aorta

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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39

40

Thoracic Spine, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Trachea Splenius cervicis muscle Thyroid gland Semispinalis capitis muscle Sternohyoid muscle Serratus posterior superior muscle Esophagus Rhomboid major muscle Brachiocephalic trunk Zygapophyseal joint T3 / T4 Left brachiocephalic vein Inferior articular process T4 Sternum (manubrium) Superior articular process T5 Left main bronchus Trapezius muscle Ascending aorta Posterior intercostal artery (spinal branch) Pulmonary artery Intervertebral vein Hemi-azygos vein Erector spinae muscle Intervertebral disk T7 / T8 Intervertebral foramen Left atrium Spinal ganglion (dorsal root) Superior vertebral endplate T9 Spinal ganglion (ventral root) Right atrium Multifidus thoracis muscle and semispinalis thoracis muscle Inferior vertebral endplate T9 Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Thoracic vertebral body T10 Latissimus dorsi muscle Descending aorta Pedicle of vertebral arch (interarticular portion) Liver Ligamentum flavum

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34

35

36

37

38

Cranial Ventral

8

Dorsal Caudal

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Thoracic Spine, Sagittal 1

2

3

4

5

6

7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

8 10 12 14 16 18 20

23

22

25

24

27

26

29

28

31

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Thyroid gland Splenius cervicis muscle Longus capitis muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle and multifidus muscle Sternohyoid muscle Rhomboid major muscle Accessory hemi-azygos vein Costotransverse ligament Common carotid artery Trapezius muscle Left brachiocephalic vein Spinalis thoracis muscle Subclavian artery Sixth rib (head) Aortic arch Transverse process T6 Left main bronchus Intertransversarii muscles Pulmonary trunk Rotatores muscles Left atrium Multifidus thoracis muscle Radiate ligament of head of rib T8 Latissimus dorsi muscle Hemi-azygos vein Posterior intercostal artery and vein (dorsal branch) Descending aorta Erector spinae muscle Esophagus Superior costotransverse ligament Liver

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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41

42

Thoracic Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Trapezius muscle (ascending part) Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Scapula Rhomboid major muscle Interspinal ligament Infraspinatus muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle Spine of vertebra Latissimus dorsi muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle

2

4

1

6 3

8

5

10

7

9

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Thoracic Spine, Coronal

1 3

5 2

7

4 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Splenius cervicis muscle Scapula (spine) Longissimus capitis muscle Rhomboid major muscle Spine of vertebra Infraspinatus muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Scapula (lateral margin) Interspinal ligament Spinalis thoracis muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle

9

8

11

10 13 12

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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43

44

Thoracic Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Serratus posterior superior muscle Scapula (spine) Infraspinatus muscle Deltoid muscle Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle Rhomboid major muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Teres major muscle Subscapularis muscle Costotransverse joint Spinalis thoracis muscle Serratus anterior muscle Interspinal ligament Latissimus dorsi muscle Posterior intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Transverse process of vertebra Rib Intercostal muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle, lumbar part Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Serratus posterior inferior muscle Spine of vertebra

1 2

3 5

4

7 6

9

8

11

10 13

12

15

14

17

16

19

18 20

21

22 23

24

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Thoracic Spine, Coronal 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 11

10

13

12

15

14

17 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

23

22

25

24

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

26

24

19

18 20

21

27

28

29

30

25 26 27 28 29 30

Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Scapula (spine) Supraspinatus muscle Levator scapulae muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle Serratus posterior superior muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Infraspinatus muscle Subscapularis muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle Intercostal muscle Transverse process of vertebra with transverse costal facet Rib Costotransverse joint Scapula (lateral margin) Lung Teres major muscle Spine of vertebra Serratus anterior muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Posterior intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Dorsal branch (medial cutaneous branch) of the posterior intercostal artery Liver Interspinal ligament Longissimus thoracis muscle, lumbar part Serratus posterior inferior muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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46

Thoracic Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

35 36

Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Splenius cervicis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Supraspinatus muscle Subscapularis muscle Scapula (spine) Semispinalis capitis muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Longissimus capitis muscle Serratus posterior superior muscle Intercostal muscle Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Rib Longissimus cervicis muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle Costotransverse joint Spinous process of vertebra Interspinal ligament Lung Transverse process of vertebra Costotransverse ligament Posterior intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Liver Neck of rib Spinal cord (conus) Diaphragm Lamina of posterior vertebral arch Spinal cord (thoracic part) Inferior articular process Superior articular process Longissimus thoracis muscle, lumbar part Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Posterior inferior serratus muscle Transversus abdominis muscle and external and internal oblique abdominal muscles Latissimus dorsi muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16 18

17 19

20

21

22 24

26

23

28 25 27

30

29 32 31

34

33

36

35

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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Thoracic Spine, Coronal 1

2

3

4

5

6 8

7

10

9

12

11

14

13 16 15 17

18

19

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

20 21

22

23 25 17

15 24 27

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

26

29

28

31

30

29 30 31

Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Semispinalis capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Supraspinatus muscle Levator scapulae muscle Scapula (spine) Subscapularis muscle Serratus posterior superior muscle Longissimus capitis muscle Spinous process of vertebra Spinalis cervicis muscle Rib Costotransverse joint Interspinal ligament Intercostal muscle Transverse process of vertebra Posterior intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Spinal cord (thoracic part) Lung Intervertebral space Head of rib Body of vertebra Diaphragm Longissimus thoracis muscle, lumbar part Liver Spinal cord (conus medullaris) Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Transversus abdominis muscle and external and internal oblique abdominal muscles Serratus posterior inferior muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle

Cranial Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal

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48

Thoracic Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Trapezius muscle (transverse part) Semispinalis cervicis muscle Longissimus cervicis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle Interspinal ligament Tubercle of rib Costotransverse joint Spinous process of vertebra Transverse process of rib Lamina of vertebral arch Intercostal muscle Spinal cord (thoracic part) Posterior intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Nerve root Lateral costotransverse ligament Head of rib Body of vertebra Intervertebral space Lung Spleen Diaphragm Kidney Liver Longissimus muscle, lumbar part Superior joint process Interarticular portion of thoracic vertebra Spinalis thoracis muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle

1

2

3

4

5 7

6

9

10

11 13

12

15

14 16

17 18 19 21

20 15

23

25

14 27

22

24 26

11

28

29

30

Cranial Right Lateral

8

Left Lateral Caudal

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Thoracic Spine, Axial 1

3

5

2

4

6

7

8

9

10

12

11 13

14

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

16 18 20 22 24 26

28

30

32

34

36

38

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Right lung Infraspinatus muscle Intercostal artery Subscapularis muscle Costotransverse joint Scapula Rib (neck) Rhomboid major muscle Fifth rib (head) Intercostal muscles Radiate ligament of head of rib Rotatores thoracis muscles Joint of head of rib Semispinalis thoracis muscle Trachea (bifurcation) Zygapophyseal joint T4 / T5 Azygos vein Spinous process Intervertebral disk T4 / T5 Supraspinous ligament Spinal cord (thoracic part) Retrospinal fatty triangle (epidural fat) Esophagus Spinalis thoracis muscle Spinal ganglion Multifidus thoracis muscle Accessory hemi-azygos vein Longissimus thoracis muscle Left pulmonary artery Costotransverse ligament (lateral) Ligamentum flavum Fifth rib (tubercle) Superior articular process T5 Trapezius muscle Inferior articular process T4 Iliocostalis thoracis muscle Descending aorta Fifth rib (body) Transverse process T5

Ventral Right

Left Dorsal

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50

Lumbar Spine, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Spinal cord Conus medullaris Abdominal aorta Ligamentum flavum Lumbar vertebral body L 1 Spinous process L 1 Intervertebral disk L 1 / L 2 (nucleus pulposus) Interspinous ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Supraspinous ligament Intervertebral disk L 2 / L 3 (anulus fibrosus) Cauda equina Basivertebral vein Epidural fatty tissue Left common iliac vein Posterior longitudinal ligament Sacral spinal canal Thecal sac (lumbar cistern) Promontory of sacrum Dura mater Sacrum (S 1) Median sacral crest

1

3

2

5

4

7

6

9

8

11

10

13

12 14 16

15 18 17 19 21

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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20 22

Lumbar Spine, Sagittal 1 3 5

2 4 6

7

8

9 11 13 15 17 19 21

10 12 14

16 18 20 22

23

1 Diaphragm (lumbar part) 2 Thoracolumbar fascia 3 Anterior external vertebral venous plexus 4 Erector spinae muscle (spinalis muscle) 5 Posterior intercostal artery 6 Nerve filaments 7 Thoracic vertebral body T12 8 Superior articular process 9 Lumbar vertebral body L 1 10 Posterior vertebral arch (lamina) 11 Intervertebral disk L 1 / L 2 (nucleus pulposus) 12 Ligamentum flavum 13 Inferior vena cava 14 Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus 15 Intervertebral disk L 2 / L 3 (anulus fibrosus) 16 Lumbar artery and nerve (medial cutaneous branch of dorsal branch) 17 Lumbar artery 18 Multifidus lumborum muscle 19 Common iliac artery 20 Sacrum (S 1) 21 Spinal ganglion 22 Median sacral crest 23 Promontory of sacrum

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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52

Lumbar Spine, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Thoracic vertebral body T12 Mamillary process Diaphragm (lumbar part) Erector spinae muscle (spinalis thoracis muscle) Lumbar vertebral body L 2 Thoracolumbar fascia Inferior vena cava Spinal branch of lumbar artery (dorsal branch) Posterior intercostal artery Spinal ganglion L 2 Intervertebral disk L 3 / L 4 (nucleus pulposus) Posterior vertebral arch (lamina) Ligamentum flavum Intervertebral foramen Superior articular process Inferior articular process Common iliac artery Zygapophyseal joint Promontory of sacrum Multifidus lumborum muscle Sacrum (S 1) Gluteus maximus muscle

2 1 3

5 7 9 11 13 15

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

17 20 19 21

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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22

Lumbar Spine, Sagittal 2 1 3

4 6

5 7 9 11

8 10 12

13

14

15

16 18

17 19

20 22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Thoracic vertebral body T12 Thoracolumbar fascia Lumbar vein Rib (head) Lumbar artery Erector spinae muscle (spinalis muscle) Inferior vena cava Spinal nerve L 3 Lumbar vertebral body L 2 Lumbar artery (dorsal branch) Intervertebral disk Transverse process Inferior vertebral endplate Multifidus lumborum muscle Superior vertebral endplate (L 4) Ligamentum flavum Common iliac artery Superior articular process Intervertebral foramen Inferior articular process Internal iliac artery Zygapophyseal joint Sacrum (S 1) Gluteus maximus muscle

21 23 24

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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54

Lumbar Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Diaphragm (lumbar part) Posterior intercostal artery and vein Thoracic vertebral body T12 Left kidney Superior vertebral endplate L 1 Psoas major muscle Inferior vertebral endplate L 1 Anterior external vertebral venous plexus Intervertebral disk L 1 / L 2 (anulus fibrosus) Transverse process L 4 Lumbar artery and vein Iliacus muscle Lumbar plexus Ilium Thecal sac (lumbar cistern) Iliolumbar artery and vein Lumbar vertebral body L 5 Internal iliac artery and vein Promontory of sacrum Gluteus medius muscle Median sacral artery and vein

1

3

2

5 4

7 9

6

11 13 8 10

15

17 12 14 19

16

21

18 20

Cranial Right

Left Caudal

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Lumbar Spine, Coronal 1 2 3 5 4 7 9

6

11 13

8

15

10

17

12

19

14

21

16 18

23

20 25

22

27

24

29

26

31

28

33

30

35

32 34

1 Right lung 2 Cerebrospinal fluid in thecal sac (lumbar cistern) 3 Pedicle of vertebral arch T12 4 Psoas major muscle 5 Twelfth rib (head) 6 Conus medullaris 7 Intertransversarii muscles 8 Transverse process L 2 9 Cauda equina 10 Posterior epidural fat (retrospinal fat, dorsal fat) 11 Posterior vertebral arch L 2 (lamina) 12 Zygapophyseal joint 13 Pedicle of vertebral arch L 2 14 Quadratus lumborum muscle 15 Superior articular process L 3 16 Interspinales (lumborum) muscles 17 Inferior articular process L 2 18 Spinous process L 4 19 Ligamentum flavum 20 Multifidus muscle 21 Iliocostalis lumborum muscle 22 Interspinous ligament 23 Longissimus muscle 24 Lumbosacral zygapophyseal joint L 5 / S 1 25 Sacro-iliac ligaments 26 Ilium 27 Thecal sac (lumbar cistern) 28 Sacrum (lateral mass) 29 Gluteus medius muscle 30 Intervertebral space S 1 / S 2 31 Sacro-iliac joint 32 Lateral sacral artery and vein 33 Sacral plexus 34 Superior gluteal artery 35 Internal iliac artery and vein

Cranial Right

Left Caudal

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56

Lumbar Spine, Coronal 1 Interspinous ligament 2 Spinalis thoracis muscle and rotatores thoracis muscle 3 Serratus anterior muscle 4 Levatores costarum muscles 5 Inferior articular process T12 6 Posterior intercostal artery and vein 7 Superior articular process L 1 8 Intercostal muscles 9 Eleventh rib 10 Zygapophyseal joint 11 Spinous process L 2 12 Iliocostalis lumborum muscle 13 Latissimus dorsi muscle 14 Quadratus lumborum muscle 15 Lumbar artery and vein 16 Longissimus thoracis muscle, lumbar part 17 Posterior vertebral arch S 1 (lamina) 18 Interspinales lumborum muscles 19 Cerebrospinal fluid in thecal sac (lumbar cistern) 20 Multifidus lumborum muscle 21 Sacro-iliac ligaments 22 Ilium 23 Sacrum 24 Gluteus medius muscle 25 Median sacral artery and vein 26 Lateral sacral artery and vein 27 Superior gluteal artery and vein 28 Sacro-iliac joint 29 Piriformis muscle

2 4

1

6

3

8

5

10

7 9

12

11 13

14

15

16 18

17

20

19 22

21

24

23

26

25 27

28

29

Cranial Right

Left Caudal

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Lumbar Spine, Axial 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10 11 12 13

1 2 3 4

15

17

14

19

16 18

21

20

23

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

22

25

24

27

26

29

28

31

30

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Lumbar vein Spinal nerve (dorsal ramus) Neural foraminal ligament Intervertebral disk L 3 / L 4 (anulus fibrosus) Inferior vena cava (confluence) Nerve filaments Posterior longitudinal ligament Left common iliac artery Anterior longitudinal ligament Intervertebral disk L 3 / L 4 (nucleus pulposus) Thecal sac (lumbar cistern) Spinal dura mater Internal vertebral venous plexus Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: intertransversarii laterales lumborum muscles) Psoas major muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Spinal ganglion L 3 Ligamentum flavum Inferior articular process Thoracolumbar fascia (anterior layer) Zygapophyseal joint Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: intertransversarii mediales lumborum muscles) Superior articular process Epidural fatty tissue (retrospinal/dorsal fatty triangle) Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: iliocostalis lumborum muscle) Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: longissimus muscle) Thoracolumbar fascia (posterior layer) Erector spinae muscle (medial tract: multifidus muscle) Spinous process Supraspinous ligament

Ventral Right

Left Dorsal

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58

Lumbar Spine, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Costal process Nerve filaments Lumbar artery Spinal ganglion in lateral recess L 4 Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus Inferior vena cava (confluence) Nutrient foramen Lumbar vertebral body L 4 Anterior longitudinal ligament Left common iliac artery Basivertebral vein Ascending lumbar vein Posterior longitudinal ligament Thecal sac (lumbar cistern) Interarticular portion L 4 Spinal ganglion L 3 Psoas major muscle Spinal dura mater Zygapophyseal joint Quadratus lumborum muscle Superior articular process Thoracolumbar fascia (anterior layer) Inferior articular process Ligamentum flavum Posterior vertebral arch (lamina) Epidural fatty tissue (retrospinal/dorsal fatty triangle) Posterior external vertebral venous plexus Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: iliocostalis lumborum muscle) Erector spinae muscle (medial tract: multifidus lumborum muscle) Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: longissimus muscle) Interspinous ligament Thoracolumbar fascia (posterior layer) Supraspinous ligament

1

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15

17

16

19

18

21

20

23

22

25

24 26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

Ventral Right

6

Left Dorsal

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Lumbar Spine, Axial 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23 24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

1 Nerve filaments 2 Cerebrospinal fluid in thecal sac (lumbar cistern) 3 Spinal dura mater 4 Right common iliac vein 5 Lumbar vertebral body L 4 6 Basivertebral vein 7 Anterior longitudinal ligament 8 Left common iliac vein 9 Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus 10 Left common iliac artery 11 Posterior longitudinal ligament 12 Spinal ganglion L 4 13 Lumbar artery 14 Ascending lumbar vein 15 Psoas major muscle 16 Spinal ganglion L 3 17 Spinal nerve (dorsal branch) 18 Intervertebral foramen 19 Zygapophyseal joint 20 Lumbar artery (lateral cutaneous branch of dorsal branch) 21 Quadratus lumborum muscle 22 Thoracolumbar fascia (anterior layer) 23 Inferior articular process 24 Radicular artery and vein 25 Posterior vertebral arch (lamina) 26 Posterior external vertebral venous plexus 27 Spinal nerve (medial dorsal branch) 28 Spinous process 29 Spinal nerve (lateral dorsal branch) 30 Thoracolumbar fascia (posterior layer) 31 Erector spinae muscle (lateral tract: iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus muscles) 32 Paraspinal fatty tissue 33 Erector spinae muscle (medial tract: multifidus lumborum muscle) 34 Supraspinous ligament

Ventral Right

Left Dorsal

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60

Sacrum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

External oblique (abdominal) muscle Ileum Internal oblique (abdominal) muscle Left common iliac artery and vein Transversus abdominis muscle Descending colon Psoas major muscle Lumbar artery and vein Fifth lumbar vertebra (body) Fifth lumbar nerve root Iliacus muscle Ilium (wing) Sacrum (body of first sacral vertebra) Dural sac Gluteus medius muscle Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament Sacrum (lateral mass) Gluteus maximus muscle Posterior sacro-iliac ligaments Nerve filaments in the sacral spinal canal

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 10

9

12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19

Cranial Ventral Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal Dorsal

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Sacrum 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 12

11

14

13

16

15 17

18

19

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

External oblique (abdominal) muscle Ileum Internal oblique (abdominal) muscle Iliac arteries Transversus abdominis muscle Common iliac artery and vein (left) Psoas major muscle Descending colon Iliacus muscle Ilium (wing) Fifth lumbar nerve root Fifth lumbar vertebra (body) Anterior sacro-iliac ligaments Sacro-iliac joint Gluteus medius muscle Sacrum (lateral mass) Gluteus maximus muscle Interosseous sacro-iliac ligaments Anterior sacral foramina Posterior sacro-iliac ligaments Sacral canal

21

Cranial Ventral Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal Dorsal

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62

Sacrum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Rectus abdominis muscle Ileum External oblique (abdominal) muscle Psoas major muscle Internal oblique (abdominal) muscle Ilium (wing) Transversus abdominis muscle Iliacus muscle Iliac arteries Femoral nerve Common iliac artery and vein Sacral plexus Promontory Sacrum (body of first sacral vertebra) Gluteus medius muscle Sacrum (lateral mass) Sacro-iliac joint Median sacral artery Gluteus maximus muscle Inferior gluteal artery Piriformis muscle Coccygeus muscle Sacrospinous ligament Rectum Coccyx

1

2

3 4

5 7

6 8

9

10

11

12 14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19 21

22

23

24

25

Cranial Ventral Right Lateral

Left Lateral Caudal Dorsal

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Arteries

Cartilage

Nerves

Tendon

Veins

Disk, labrum etc.

Bones

Fluid

Fatty tissue

Shoulder and Muscles of Upper Arm

Radial Muscles of Lower Arm Brachioradialis

Muscles of Trunk

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Serratus anterior and serratus posterior

and brevis

Omohyoid Trapezius Subclavius Intercostal

Volar Muscles of Lower Arm (superficial layer) Pronator teres Flexor digitorum superficialis

Muscles of Shoulder

Flexor carpi radialis et ulnaris

Deltoid

Palmaris longus et brevis

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Pectoralis major and minor Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi Teres major and minor

Volar Muscles of Lower Arm (deep layer) Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

Muscles of Hand

Volar Muscles of Upper Arm Biceps brachii

Dorsal and palmar interosseous

Brachialis

Lumbrical

Dorsal Muscles of Upper Arm

Muscles of Thumb

Triceps brachii

Abductor pollicis longus and brevis

Anconeus

Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis

Muscles of Lower Arm

Adductor pollicis Muscles of Little (Fifth) Finger

Dorsal Muscles of Lower Arm

Abductor digiti minimi

(superficial layer)

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Extensor digitorum

Opponens digiti minimi

Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Dorsal Muscles of Lower Arm Supinator Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Extensor indicis

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Upper Extremity

Anatomic Structures Color Code: Upper Extremity

64

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Trapezius muscle Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Clavicle Coracoclavicular ligament Acromioclavicular joint Suprascapular artery and vein Acromion Subclavius muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Omohyoid muscle Supraspinatus muscle (central tendon) Rib Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Serratus anterior muscle Supraspinatus muscle (dorsal ligament) Supraspinatus muscle (ventral ligament) Scapula (spine)

2

1

3

3

4

5

6

7 9

8

11

10

13

12

15

14

17

16

1

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 2

1 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Clavicle Coraco-acromial ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Humerus (head) Subclavius muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Suprascapular artery and vein Supraspinatus muscle (tendon) Serratus anterior muscle Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Rib Scapula (spine) Supraspinatus muscle Trapezius muscle

15

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

65

66

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Coracohumeral ligament Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Middle glenohumeral ligament Coracoid process Supraspinatus muscle (tendon) Clavicle Humerus (greater tubercle) Subclavius muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Coracoclavicular ligament Humerus (head) Serratus anterior muscle Superior glenoid labrum Rib Glenoid Internal intercostal muscle Deltoid muscle (spinal part) External intercostal muscle Infraspinatus muscle Supraspinatus muscle Scapula (spine)

2

1

4 6

3 5

8

7

10

9

12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17 19

20

21

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 2 1 5

4 6 8

7

10

3

12

9

14

11 13

16 18

15

20

7

22

17

24

19

26 28

21 23 25 27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Coracohumeral ligament Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Middle glenohumeral ligament Coracoid process Humerus (lesser tubercle) Pectoralis major muscle Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Clavicle Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) Pectoralis minor muscle (tendon) Humerus (greater tubercle) Subclavius muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Brachial plexus Humerus (head) Glenoid Superior glenoid labrum Rib Infraspinatus muscle (tendon attachment) Coracoclavicular ligament Scapula (spine) Lung Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Internal and external intercostal muscles Supraspinatus muscle Suprascapular artery and vein Infraspinatus muscle Serratus anterior muscle

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

67

68

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Pectoralis major muscle Coracobrachialis muscle (and tendon) Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head, tendon) Subclavius muscle Humerus (lesser tubercle) Pectoralis minor muscle Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Axillary artery and vein Humerus (greater tubercle) Brachial plexus and subscapular nerve Middle glenohumeral ligament Subscapularis muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Internal intercostal muscle Anterior glenoid labrum Serratus anterior muscle Humerus (head) Rib Humeroscapular joint Intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Posterior glenoid labrum Glenoid Infraspinatus muscle Suprascapular artery, vein, and nerve Scapula External intercostal muscle Deltoid muscle (spinal part)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 13

12

15

14

17

16

19

18

21

20

23

22 24

25

26 28

27 29

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial

1 3

2

5 7

4

9

6

11

8

13

10

15

12

17

14 16

19

18 20

21

22

23 24

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Cephalic vein Pectoralis major muscle Coracobrachialis muscle (and tendon) Pectoralis minor muscle Biceps brachii muscle (short head, tendon) Axillary artery and vein Humerus (lesser tubercle) Brachial plexus Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Rib Humerus Serratus anterior muscle Inferior glenoid labrum Lung Glenoid Intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Joint capsule External intercostal muscle Suprascapular artery, vein, and nerve Internal intercostal muscle Deltoid muscle Scapula Teres minor muscle Serratus posterior muscle Infraspinatus muscle

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

69

70

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Cephalic vein Pectoralis major muscle Coracobrachialis muscle (and tendon) Pectoralis minor muscle Biceps brachii muscle (short head and tendon) Axillary artery and vein Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Rib Humerus (lesser tubercle) Brachial plexus Humerus Subscapularis muscle Joint capsule Lung Deltoid muscle Internal and innermost intercostal muscles Scapula (neck) Intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Circumflex scapular artery and vein External intercostal muscle Infraspinatus muscle Serratus anterior muscle Teres minor muscle

2

1 3

4

5

6 7

8

9

10 12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19 22

21 23

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 2

1

4

3 5

6 7

8

9

10 12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19

22

21

24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

23 22 23 24 25

25

Cephalic vein Pectoralis major muscle Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Coracobrachialis muscle (and tendon) Deltoid muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Brachial plexus Latissimus dorsi muscle (tendon attachment) Axillary artery and vein Humerus External intercostal muscle Teres major muscle Internal and innermost intercostal muscles Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Rib Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Serratus anterior muscle Axillary nerve Subscapularis muscle Triceps brachii muscle (long head, insertion) Lung Teres minor muscle Scapula Infraspinatus muscle

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

71

72

Arm, Axial 1 Cephalic vein 2 Pectoralis major muscle 3 Biceps brachii muscle (short head, tendon) 4 Pectoralis minor muscle 5 Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) 6 Coracobrachialis muscle 7 Humerus 8 Long thoracic nerve 9 Latissimus dorsi muscle and teres major muscle 10 Axillary artery and vein and brachial plexus 11 Deltoid muscle 12 Rib 13 Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) 14 Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 15 Axillary nerve 16 Subscapularis muscle 17 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 18 Lung 19 Triceps brachii muscle (long head) 20 Internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscle 21 Circumflex scapular artery 22 External intercostal muscle 23 Teres minor muscle 24 Serratus anterior muscle 25 Infraspinatus muscle 26 Scapula

1

2

3 5

4

7

6 8

9 11

10

13

12

15

14

17

16

19

18 20 22 24 26

21 23 25

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

2

3 5

4

7

6 8

9

10 12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20 22

19 21

24

23 25

26

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Cephalic vein Coracobrachialis muscle Pectoralis major muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Long thoracic nerve Biceps brachii muscle (long head and tendon) Axillary artery and vein Humerus Brachial plexus Deltoid muscle Serratus anterior muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Rib Radial nerve (muscular branch) Lung Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Subscapularis muscle Subscapular artery Internal and innermost intercostal muscles Triceps brachii muscle (long head) External intercostal muscle Teres major muscle Scapula Teres minor muscle Infraspinatus muscle

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

73

74

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Pectoralis major muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Cephalic vein Serratus anterior muscle Biceps brachii muscle Lateral thoracic artery and vein Coracobrachialis muscle Axillary artery and vein Deltoid muscle Lung Humerus Rib Deep artery and vein of arm Internal and innermost intercostal muscles Radial nerve External intercostal muscle Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Subscapularis muscle Teres major muscle Scapula Triceps brachii muscle (long head) Infraspinatus muscle Teres major muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle

1 3

2

5

4

7 9

6

11

8

13

10

15

12

17

14 16

19

18

21

20

23

22

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial

2

4 6

1

8

3

10

5 7 9

12

11

14 16

13

18

15 17 19

20

21

23

22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Cephalic vein Pectoralis major muscle Biceps brachii muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Coracobrachialis muscle Lung Musculocutaneous nerve Rib Deltoid muscle Intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Humerus (shaft) Brachial artery and vein Radial nerve Median nerve Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Thoracodorsal artery and nerve Ulnar nerve Serratus anterior muscle Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Internal and innermost intercostal muscles Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) External intercostal muscle Teres major muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle Infraspinatus muscle

24

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

75

76

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Biceps brachii muscle Pectoralis major muscle Cephalic vein Pectoralis minor muscle Median nerve Rib Deltoid muscle External intercostal muscle Humerus (shaft) Internal and innermost intercostal muscles Brachial artery and vein Long thoracic nerve Radial nerve and deep artery and vein of the arm Serratus anterior muscle Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Intercostal artery, vein, and nerve Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Lung Ulnar nerve Thoracodorsal nerve and artery Triceps brachii muscle (long head) Teres major muscle and latissimus dorsi muscle Infraspinatus muscle

2

1

4

3

6

5

8 10

7

12 14

9

16

11

18

13

20

15

17

22

19 21 23

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial

1 3

2 4

5

6 8

7 9

10

11

12

13

14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Musculocutaneous nerve Brachialis muscle Median nerve Humerus (shaft) Brachial artery and vein Radial nerve Basilic vein Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Ulnar nerve Deep brachial artery and vein Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Triceps brachii muscle (long head)

15

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

77

78

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Musculocutaneous nerve Brachialis muscle Median nerve Deep artery and vein of the arm Brachial artery and vein Brachioradialis muscle Basilic vein Radial nerve Ulnar nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (branch) Humerus (shaft) Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Triceps brachii muscle (long head)

1 3

2 4

5

6

7

8 10

9

12

11 13

14

15

16

17

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1 3

2 4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11

12

13

14

15 16

17

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Musculocutaneous nerve Brachialis muscle Median nerve Deep artery and vein of arm Brachial artery and vein Brachioradialis muscle Basilic vein Radial nerve Ulnar nerve, artery, and vein Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Triceps brachii muscle (tendon) Humerus (shaft) Triceps brachii muscle (long head)

18

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

79

80

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Musculocutaneous nerve Brachioradialis muscle Brachial artery and vein Radial nerve Median nerve Deep brachial artery and vein Brachialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Basilic vein Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm Humerus (shaft) Triceps brachii muscle Ulnar nerve, artery, and vein

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1 2 4

3 5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12 14 16

13 15 17

18 19

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Brachioradialis muscle Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Radial nerve Brachial artery and vein Deep brachial artery and nerve Median nerve Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Basilic vein Medial collateral artery Brachialis muscle Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm Ulnar nerve Humerus (shaft) Ulnar artery and vein Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) Triceps brachii muscle (tendon)

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

81

82

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25

Median cubital vein Cutaneous nerve of forearm Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (and tendon) Brachioradialis muscle Brachial artery and vein Radial nerve Median nerve Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Brachialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Coronoid fossa Collateral radial artery and vein Pronator teres muscle Lateral humeral epicondyle Basilic vein Olecranon fossa Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Anconeus muscle Tendon attachment of anterior superficial muscles of forearm and collateral ligaments Olecranon Medial epicondyle of humerus Triceps brachii muscle (and tendon) Ulnar nerve Superior ulnar collateral artery and vein

2

1

4

3

6

5

8

7

10

9

12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19

22

21

24

23

25

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

2 4

3

6

5

8

7

10

9

12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19

22

21

24

23

26

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Cutaneous nerve of forearm Biceps brachii muscle (and tendon) Median cubital vein Brachial artery and vein Brachioradialis muscle Median nerve Cephalic vein Brachialis muscle Radial collateral artery and vein Pronator teres muscle Radial nerve Basilic vein Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Coronoid fossa Humero-ulnar joint Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Tendon attachment of ventral superficial muscles of forearm and collateral ligaments Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (radial nerve) Ulnar nerve Joint capsule Superior collateral ulnar artery and vein Olecranon Subcutaneous olecranon bursa Anconeus muscle Triceps brachii muscle (and tendon)

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

83

84

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Cutaneous nerve of forearm Bicipital aponeurosis Median cubital vein Brachial artery and vein Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Median nerve Brachioradialis muscle Pronator teres muscle Cephalic vein Brachialis muscle (and tendon) Radial nerve Articular capsule of elbow Radial collateral artery and vein Basilic vein Humerus (capitulum) Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon attachment) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Palmaris longus muscle (tendon attachment) Lateral collateral ligament Medial epicondyle of humerus Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (radial nerve) Ulnar nerve Humero-ulnar joint Superior collateral ulnar artery and vein Anconeus muscle Triceps brachii muscle (and tendon) Olecranon Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

2

1 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 16 18

15 17

23

20 22 24 26

25

28

19 21

27

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

2

3

4 6 8

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

21 23 25 27 29

30

31

32

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Median cubital vein Cutaneous nerve of forearm Brachioradialis muscle Aponeurosis of biceps brachii muscle Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Brachial artery and vein Radial nerve (superficial branch) Median nerve Cephalic vein Pronator teres muscle Radial nerve (deep branch) Brachialis muscle (and tendon) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Collateral radial artery and vein Palmaris longus muscle Humerus (capitulum) Basilic vein Humeroradial joint Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Humerus (trochlea) Radius (head) Ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery and vein Extensor digitorum muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm Humero-ulnar joint Anular ligament of radius Olecranon Anconeus muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

85

86

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Median cubital vein Bicipital aponeurosis Brachioradialis muscle Brachial artery and vein Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Median nerve Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Pronator teres muscle Cephalic vein Brachialis muscle (and tendon) Radial nerve (superficial branch) Flexor carpi radialis muscle Radial nerve (deep branch) Palmaris longus muscle Supinator muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Basilic vein Radius (head) Ulnar nerve Anular ligament of radius Superior ulnar collateral artery and vein Extensor digitorum muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Proximal radio-ulnar joint Recurrent interosseous artery Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Anconeus muscle Ulna

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

11 13 15 17 19 21 23

26

25

28

27

30

29

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

2

3

4

5

6 8 10

7 9 11

12

13

14 16 18 20

15 17 19

22 24

21 23

26

25

28

27 29

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Median cubital vein Radial artery and vein Accessory cephalic vein Pronator teres muscle Brachioradialis muscle Median nerve Cephalic vein Ulnar artery and vein Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Radial nerve (superficial branch) Palmaris longus muscle Radial nerve (deep branch) Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Supinator muscle Brachialis muscle (and tendon attachment) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Ulnar nerve Extensor digitorum muscle Basilic vein Radius Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Recurrent interosseous artery and vein Ulna Anconeus muscle

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

87

88

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Median cubital vein Pronator teres muscle Radial artery and vein Flexor carpi radialis muscle Brachioradialis muscle Anterior interosseous artery and vein Cephalic vein Ulnar artery and vein Radial nerve (superficial branch) Palmaris longus muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Median nerve Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Radial nerve (deep branch) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Brachialis muscle (and tendon attachment) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Ulnar nerve Supinator muscle Pronator teres muscle (ulnar head, tendon attachment) Radius Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Basilic vein Extensor digiti minimi muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Recurrent interosseous artery and vein Ulna Extensor pollicis longus muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

1

2

3

4 6 8

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

21 23 25 27 29

30

31

32

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15 17

16

19

18

21

20

23

22

25

24

27

26

29

28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Median cubital vein Flexor carpi radialis muscle Brachioradialis muscle Pronator teres muscle Radial artery and vein Palmaris longus muscle Radial nerve (superficial branch) Median nerve Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (and tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Ulnar artery, vein, and nerve Radial nerve (deep branch) Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Cephalic vein Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Supinator muscle Anterior interosseous artery and vein Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radius Extensor pollicis longus muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Basilic vein Extensor digitorum muscle Ulna Posterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor digiti minimi muscle

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

89

90

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Median cubital vein Flexor carpi radialis muscle Brachioradialis muscle Palmaris longus muscle Radial artery and vein Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Radial nerve (superficial branch) Median nerve Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (and tendon) Ulnar artery and vein Pronator teres muscle Ulnar nerve Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Posterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Radial nerve (deep branch) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radius Cephalic vein Supinator muscle Ulna Abductor pollicis longus muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Posterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Extensor digiti minimi muscle

1

2

3

4 6

5

8

7 9

10

11 13

12

15

14

17

16

19

18

21

20

23

22

25 27

24

28

26

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 13

12

15

14

17

16

19

18

21 23

20 22

25

24

27

26 28

1 Flexor carpi radialis muscle 2 Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (anterior branch) 3 Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous nerve) 4 Palmaris longus muscle 5 Brachioradialis muscle 6 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle 7 Radial artery and vein 8 Median nerve 9 Cephalic vein 10 Ulnar artery, vein, and nerve 11 Radial nerve (superficial branch) 12 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 13 Flexor pollicis longus muscle 14 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle 15 Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (and tendon) 16 Interosseous membrane of forearm 17 Pronator teres muscle and anterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve 18 Ulna 19 Radius 20 Basilic vein 21 Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle 22 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle 23 Abductor pollicis longus muscle 24 Extensor pollicis longus muscle 25 Posterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve 26 Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle 27 Extensor digitorum muscle 28 Extensor digiti minimi muscle

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

91

92

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Flexor carpi radialis muscle Median basilic vein Median nerve Palmaris longus muscle Median artery and median antibrachial vein Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Brachioradialis muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery and vein Radial artery and vein Ulnar nerve Radial nerve (superficial branch) Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Cephalic vein Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Anterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Basilic vein Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (and tendon) Ulna Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Extensor indicis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Radius Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Interosseous membrane of forearm Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Posterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Extensor digitorum muscle Extensor digiti minimi muscle

1

2

3

4 6

5 7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17 19

18

21

20

23

22

25

24

27

26 28

29

30

31

32

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 2 1

4

3

6

5

8

7

10

9

12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17

20

19

22

21

24

23

26

25 27 29

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Flexor carpi radialis muscle Median basilic vein Median nerve Palmaris longus muscle Radial artery and veins Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Brachioradialis muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery, vein, and nerve Radial nerve (superficial branch) Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Anterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Cephalic vein Ulna Flexor pollicis longus muscle Basilic vein Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Interosseous membrane of forearm Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (and tendon) Extensor pollicis longus muscle Radius Extensor indicis muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Extensor digiti minimi muscle Extensor digitorum muscle

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

93

94

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Palmaris longus muscle (and tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Subcutaneous vein Ulnar artery, vein, and nerve Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Median nerve Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radial artery and veins Pronator quadratus muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Basilic vein Radial nerve (superficial branch) Ulna Cephalic vein Anterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Brachioradialis muscle (tendon) Extensor indicis muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Cephalic vein Posterior interosseous artery and vein Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle Radius Extensor digitorum muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle

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Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

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Arm, Axial 2

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Palmaris longus muscle (tendon) Subcutaneous vein Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Ulnar artery and vein Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial artery and veins Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Pronator quadratus muscle Brachioradialis muscle (tendon) Basilic vein Abductor pollicis longus muscle (and tendon) Ulna Radius Anterior interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Cephalic vein Extensor indicis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Extensor retinaculum Extensor pollicis longus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle (and tendon)

Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

95

96

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Fascia of forearm Subcutaneous vein Palmaris longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery and vein Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve Median nerve Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radial artery and veins Pronator quadratus muscle Flexor pollicis longus Basilic vein Cephalic vein Ulna Abductor pollicis longus muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Brachioradialis muscle Extensor indicis muscle Radius Extensor digiti minimi muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Extensor retinaculum Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) 26 Extensor digitorum muscle 27 Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) 28 Extensor pollicis longus muscle

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Ventral Radial

Ulnar Dorsal

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

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1 Extensor pollicis longus muscle 2 Extensor digitorum muscle 3 Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) 4 Extensor digiti minimi muscle 5 Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) 6 Extensor indicis muscle 7 Radius 8 Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle 9 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) 10 Ulna 11 Radial nerve (superficial branch) 12 Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm 13 Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 14 Pronator quadratus muscle 15 Cephalic vein 16 Basilic vein 17 Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm 18 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle 19 Brachioradialis muscle (tendon) 20 Ulnar nerve 21 Flexor pollicis longus muscle 22 Ulnar artery and veins 23 Radial artery and veins 24 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 25 Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) 26 Subcutaneous vein 27 Median nerve 28 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle 29 Palmaris longus muscle

According to the placement of the hand for MRI, from here onward the palm faces downward.

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

97

98

Arm, Axial 1 Subcutaneous vein 2 Extensor retinaculum 3 Extensor digitorum muscle (and tendons) 4 Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) 5 Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) 6 Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) 7 Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 8 Joint capsule 9 Accessory cephalic vein 10 Ulna 11 Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) 12 Basilic vein 13 Radial nerve (superficial branch) 14 Palmar ulnocarpal ligament 15 Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) 16 Ulnar nerve (dorsal branch) 17 Radius 18 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle 19 Cephalic vein 20 Ulnar nerve 21 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 23 Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 24 Ulnar artery and veins 25 Flexor pollicis longus muscle 26 Antebrachial fascia 27 Radial artery and veins 28 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle 29 Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) 30 Median nerve 31 Palmaris longus muscle

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Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

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Arm, Axial 1

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16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

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21 23 25

33

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Subcutaneous vein Extensor retinaculum Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Ulna (styloid process) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Palmar radio-ulnar ligament Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (radial nerve) Triangular fibrocartilage (ulnar) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Basilic vein Radius Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Cephalic vein Joint capsule Radial nerve (superficial branch) Ulnar nerve (dorsal branch) Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (ulnar nerve) Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar radiocarpal ligament Radial artery and veins Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Flexor pollicis longus muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve Median nerve Ulnar artery and veins Palmaris longus muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons)

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

99

100

Arm, Axial 1 Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) 2 Extensor retinaculum 3 Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 4 Subcutaneous vein 5 Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) 6 Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) 7 Joint capsule 8 Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) 9 Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) 10 Ulna (styloid process) 11 Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (radial nerve) 12 Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) 13 Scaphoid 14 Dorsal radiocarpal ligament 15 Cephalic vein 16 Basilic vein 17 Radius 18 Palmar ulnocarpal ligament 19 Radial nerve (superficial branch) 20 Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint 21 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Triangular fibrocartilage 23 Palmar radiocarpal ligament 24 Lunate 25 Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 26 Ulnar nerve (dorsal branch) 27 Radial artery and veins 28 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) 29 Flexor pollicis longus muscle 30 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 31 Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) 32 Ulnar nerve, artery, and veins 33 Median nerve 34 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) 35 Palmaris longus muscle 36 Flexor retinaculum

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20

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Subcutaneous vein Extensor retinaculum Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Joint capsule Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (radial nerve) Basilic vein Scaphoid Triquetrum Cephalic vein Lunate Radius (styloid process) Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Radial nerve (superficial branch) Ulnar nerve (dorsal branch) Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Pisiform Radial artery and veins Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Palmar radiocarpal ligament Ulnar nerve Flexor pollicis longus muscle Ulnar artery and veins Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Median nerve Flexor retinaculum Palmaris longus muscle

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

101

102

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Extensor retinaculum Subcutaneous vein Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Joint capsule Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Triquetrum Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Basilic vein Capitate Lunate Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (radial nerve) Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Cephalic vein Palmar intercarpal ligament Scaphoid Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Radial nerve (superficial branch) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Pisiform Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon attachment) Radial artery and veins Ulnar nerve, artery, and veins Ulnar radiocarpal ligament Flexor retinaculum Superficial palmar branch of radial artery and vein Median nerve Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Palmaris longus muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle

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Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Subcutaneous vein Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Joint capsule Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Dorsal intercarpal ligament Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Capitate Triquetrum Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Basilic vein Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Scaphoid Lunate Cephalic vein Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Radial nerve (superficial branch) Pisiform Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Radial artery and veins Abductor digiti minimi muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Palmar radiocarpal ligament Ulnar nerve Flexor pollicis longus muscle Ulnar artery and veins Superficial palmar branch of radial artery and vein Median nerve Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Flexor retinaculum Palmaris longus muscle

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

103

104

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Subcutaneous vein Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Extensor retinaculum Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Hamate Dorsal intercarpal ligament Basilic vein Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar ulnocarpal ligament (tendon) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Triquetrum Capitate Palmar radiocarpal ligament Joint capsule Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Cephalic vein Abductor digiti minimi muscle Scaphoid Pisiform Radial nerve (superficial branch) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Radial artery and veins Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery and veins Trapezium with intercarpal ligament Flexor retinaculum Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Median nerve Flexor pollicis longus muscle Palmaris longus muscle

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Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Capitate Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Hamate Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Dorsal intercarpal ligament Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Joint capsule Basilic vein Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Triquetrum Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar intercarpal ligament Trapezoid Pisometacarpal ligament Cephalic vein Pisohamate ligament Radial nerve (superficial branch) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Radial artery and veins Pisiform Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Scaphoid Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Trapezium Abductor digiti minimi muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery and veins Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Palmaris brevis muscle (tendon) Opponens pollicis muscle Palmaris longus muscle (tendon) Flexor retinaculum Median nerve Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

105

106

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Intercarpal (capitohamate) joint Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon) Hamate Capitate Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Metacarpal V (base) Trapezoid Pisometacarpal ligament Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Cephalic vein Abductor digiti minimi muscle Radial artery and veins Hamate (hook) Radial nerve (superficial branch) Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Palmar intercarpal ligament Flexor digiti minimi muscle Trapezium Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon) Palmaris brevis muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery and veins Flexor pollicis longus muscle Flexor retinaculum Opponens pollicis muscle Median nerve Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Palmar aponeurosis

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Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

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1 Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) 2 Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) 3 Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (tendon attachment) 4 Dorsal metacarpal ligament 5 Metacarpal II (base) 6 Metacarpal III (base) 7 Capitate 8 Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) 9 Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) 10 Hamate 11 Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 12 Metacarpal IV (base) 13 Cephalic vein 14 Metacarpal V (base) 15 Radial artery and veins 16 Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon attachment) 17 Palmar intercarpal ligament 18 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) 19 Joint capsule 20 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) 21 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 23 Metacarpal I (base) 24 Hamate (hook) 25 Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon attachment) 26 Ulnar nerve, artery, and vein (deep branch) 27 Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon attachment) 28 Flexor digiti minimi muscle 29 Trapezium 30 Palmaris brevis muscle 31 Opponens pollicis muscle 32 Ulnar nerve 33 Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 34 Ulnar artery and veins 35 Median nerve 36 Flexor retinaculum 37 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle 38 Palmar aponeurosis

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

107

108

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Dorsal metacarpal ligament Metacarpal IV (base) Metacarpal III (base) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Metacarpal II (base) Palmar intercarpal ligament Radial artery and veins Metacarpal V (base) Cephalic vein Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Opponens digiti minimi muscle Joint capsule Abductor digiti minimi muscle Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Hamate (hook) Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve, artery, and vein (deep branch) Metacarpal I (base) Flexor digiti minimi muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmaris brevis muscle Median nerve Ulnar nerve Opponens pollicis muscle Ulnar artery and vein Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum

1

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Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

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Arm, Axial 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Dorsal interossei muscles Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Metacarpal IV (base) Metacarpals II and III (bases) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Dorsal interosseous muscle I Metacarpal V Cephalic vein Palmar interossei muscles Deep palmar arch (from radial artery) Deep palmar arch (from deep ulnar artery) Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Abductor digiti minimi muscle Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Palmar intercarpal ligament Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Metacarpal I (head) Opponens digiti minimi muscle Dorsal nerve and artery of thumb Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Opponens pollicis muscle Palmaris brevis muscle Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (deep head) Ulnar nerve Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Ulnar artery and veins Median nerve Flexor retinaculum Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Palmar aponeurosis Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head)

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

109

110

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Dorsal interossei muscles Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Deep palmar arch Metacarpals II–V (shafts) Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Palmar interossei muscles Princeps pollicis artery and palmar digital nerve (of thumb) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Opponens digiti minimi muscle Cephalic vein (of thumb) Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Metacarpal I (shaft) Abductor digiti minimi muscle Dorsal digital artery and nerve of thumb Palmaris brevis muscle Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (deep head) Ulnar nerve, artery, and vein Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head) Palmar aponeurosis Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head) Median nerve Opponens pollicis muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

2

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7

8

9 11

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13

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Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

Arm, Axial 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Metacarpals II–IV (shafts) Deep palmar arch Dorsal interossei muscles Lumbrical muscles Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) Palmar interossei muscles Dorsal digital nerve and artery of thumb Metacarpal V (head) Collateral ligament Opponens digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon) Ulnar nerve (superficial branch) Metacarpal I (head) Abductor digiti minimi muscle Sesamoid bones Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Opponens pollicis muscle (and tendon attachment) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Common palmar digital nerves of median nerve Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head) Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (deep head)

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

111

112

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Metacarpals II–IV (shafts) Dorsal digital artery and nerve Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Dorsal interossei muscles Extensor hood Deep transverse metacarpal ligament Palmar interossei muscles Extensor pollicis muscle (aponeurosis) Collateral ligament Adductor pollicis muscle (tendon attachment) Metacarpal V (head) First proximal phalanx Lumbrical muscles Flexor pollicis brevis muscle and abductor pollicis brevis muscle (tendon attachment) Abductor digiti minimi muscle Dorsal digital nerve and artery of thumb Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar ligament Palmar digital artery and nerve of thumb Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Palmar digital arteries and nerves Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Palmar aponeurosis with longitudinal fasciculi

1 2 4

3

6 8 10 12 14

5 7 9 11 13

15

17

19 21

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

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Arm, Axial 1 2

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Dorsal fascia of hand Dorsal aponeurosis (extensor hood) Dorsal digital vein Dorsal digital artery and nerve Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Collateral ligament Dorsal interossei muscles Metacarpals II–IV (shafts) Palmar interossei muscles Palmar ligament Metacarpal V (head) Extensor pollicis muscle (aponeurosis) Abductor digiti minimi muscle Proximal phalanx I Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Dorsal digital artery and nerve of thumb Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) Palmar digital artery and nerve of thumb Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar digital arteries and nerves Lumbrical muscles Anular ligament

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

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114

Arm, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Extensor digitorum muscle (tendons) Dorsal digital vein Sagittal ligament Collateral ligament Dorsal digital artery and nerve Extensor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Extensor indicis muscle (tendon) Extensor hood Metacarpals II–IV (shafts) Interossei muscles (tendon) Interossei muscles Proximal phalanx V (base) Palmar ligament Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) Extensor pollicis muscle (aponeurosis) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendon) Proximal phalanx I Palmar digital arteries and nerves Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Anular ligament Lumbrical muscle

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Dorsal Radial

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Ulnar Palmar

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Arm, Axial

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1 Dorsal digital vein 2 Extensor digitorum muscle (aponeurosis) 3 Lateral band 4 Anular ligament 5 Proximal phalanges II–IV (bases) 6 Proximal phalanx V (shaft) 7 Interossei muscles (tendons) 8 Dorsal digital artery and nerve 9 Sagittal ligament 10 Collateral ligament 11 Distal phalanx of thumb 12 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) 13 Body of fingernail 14 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) 15 Palmar digital arteries and nerves of thumb 16 Palmar digital arteries and nerves

Dorsal Radial

Ulnar Palmar

www.MedLibrary.info

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116

Arm, Axial 1 Digital artery and nerve 2 Extensor digitorum muscle (aponeurosis) 3 Digital vein 4 Proximal phalanges II–IV (shafts) 5 Interossei muscles (tendons) 6 Proximal phalanx V (head) 7 Anular ligament 8 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendon) 9 Digital arteries and nerves 10 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) 11 Synovial sheath of finger

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Dorsal Radial

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Ulnar Palmar

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Trapezius muscle Clavicle Supraspinatus muscle Coracoclavicular ligament Suprascapular artery and vein Coraco-acromial ligament Serratus anterior muscle Coracohumeral ligament Coracoid Joint capsule Subscapularis muscle Humerus (head) Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Deltoid muscle Subscapular artery and vein Radial nerve Brachial artery and vein Musculocutaneous nerve (muscular branches) Thoracodorsal artery and nerve Median nerve Intercostal muscle Ulnar nerve Ribs Coracobrachialis muscle Lung

Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

117

118

Shoulder, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Trapezius muscle Clavicle Suprascapular artery and vein Coraco-acromial ligament Supraspinatus muscle Coracohumeral ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Coracoid process Scapula (superior border) Humerus (head) Serratus anterior muscle Joint capsule Subscapularis muscle Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Lung Deltoid muscle Intercostal muscle Coracobrachialis muscle Rib Radial nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Median nerve Suprascapular artery and vein Brachial artery and vein Latissimus dorsi muscle

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Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

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Shoulder, Coronal 1

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Trapezius muscle Clavicle Subacromial bursa Acromioclavicular joint and acromioclavicular ligament Supraspinatus muscle Acromion Scapula Coraco-acromial ligament Suprascapular artery and vein Coracohumeral ligament Glenoid Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Glenohumeral joint Supraspinatus muscle (tendon attachment) Subscapularis muscle Greater tubercle Glenoid labrum (inferior) Glenoid labrum (superior) Axillary nerve Humerus (head) Subscapular artery, vein, and nerve Glenohumeral ligament Intercostal muscle Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Serratus anterior muscle Teres major muscle Axillary artery and vein Deltoid muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Coracobrachialis muscle Rib Radial nerve Lung Median nerve Ulnar nerve Biceps muscle (long head)

Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

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119

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Shoulder, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Clavicle Acromioclavicular ligament Trapezius muscle Acromioclavicular joint Superficial cervical vein Acromion and subacromial bursa Supraspinatus muscle Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon attachment) Scapula Supraspinatus muscle (tendon attachment) Suprascapular artery, vein, and nerve Glenoid labrum (superior lip) Joint socket Greater tubercle Shoulder joint Subdeltoid bursa Subscapularis muscle Humerus (head) Glenoid labrum (inferior lip) Deltoid muscle Axillary recess Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve Intercostal muscle Teres major muscle Subscapular artery and vein Ulnar, median, and radial nerves Serratus anterior muscle Coracobrachialis muscle Lung Brachial artery and vein Ribs Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Latissimus dorsi muscle

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Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

Shoulder, Coronal 2

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1 Clavicle 2 Acromioclavicular joint and acromioclavicular ligament 3 Trapezius muscle 4 Acromion 5 Supraspinatus muscle 6 Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) 7 Scapula 8 Glenoid labrum (superior) 9 Suprascapular artery, vein, and nerve 10 Greater tubercle 11 Glenoid 12 Humerus (head) 13 Subscapularis muscle 14 Glenohumeral joint 15 Glenoid labrum (inferior) 16 Axillary recess 17 Intercostal muscle 18 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve 19 Serratus anterior muscle 20 Deltoid muscle 21 Subscapular artery and vein 22 Humerus (shaft) 23 Teres major muscle 24 Coracobrachialis muscle 25 Rib 26 Biceps brachii muscle (long head) 27 Latissimus dorsi muscle 28 Ulnar, medial, and radial nerves 29 Brachial artery and vein

Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

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122

Shoulder, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Acromion Subacromial bursa Trapezius muscle Glenoid labrum (superior) Supraspinatus muscle Lesser tubercle Scapula Humerus (head) Suprascapular artery, vein, and nerve Shoulder joint Joint socket Glenoid labrum (inferior) Neck of scapula Axillary recess Triceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon attachment) Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein, axillary nerve Subscapular muscle Deltoid muscle Subscapular artery and vein Humerus (shaft) Teres major muscle Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) Latissimus dorsi muscle Ulnar, median, and radial nerves

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Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

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Shoulder, Coronal 1

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1 Trapezius muscle 2 Acromion 3 Suprascapular artery and vein (acromial branch) 4 Subacromial bursa 5 Supraspinatus muscle 6 Lesser tubercle 7 Suprascapular artery, vein, and nerve 8 Glenoid labrum (superior) 9 Scapula 10 Humerus (head) 11 Circumflex scapular artery and vein 12 Glenohumeral joint 13 Infraspinatus muscle 14 Glenoid 15 Neck of scapula 16 Glenoid labrum (inferior) 17 Triceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon attachment) 18 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve (muscular branches) 19 Teres minor muscle 20 Axillary recess 21 Subscapular artery and vein 22 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve 23 Teres major muscle 24 Humerus (shaft) 25 Triceps brachii muscle (long head) 26 Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) 27 Latissimus dorsi muscle 28 Deltoid muscle

Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

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123

124

Shoulder, Coronal 1 Trapezius muscle 2 Acromion 3 Subscapular artery, vein, and nerve (acromial branch) 4 Supraspinatus muscle 5 Scapula (spine) 6 Humerus (head) 7 Scapular artery, vein, and nerve 8 Glenohumeral joint 9 Infraspinatus muscle 10 Glenoid 11 Circumflex scapular artery and vein 12 Joint capsule 13 Teres minor muscle 14 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve (muscular branches) 15 Subscapular artery and vein 16 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve 17 Triceps brachii muscle (long head) 18 Deltoid muscle 19 Teres major muscle 20 Humerus (shaft) 21 Scapula 22 Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head) 23 Latissimus dorsi muscle

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Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

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Shoulder, Coronal 2 1

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Trapezius muscle Acromion Scapula (spine) Supraspinatus muscle Joint capsule Lesser tubercle Infraspinatus muscle Humerus (head) Triceps brachii muscle (long head) Teres minor muscle Subscapular artery and nerve Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and axillary nerve Scapula Deltoid muscle Teres major muscle Humerus (shaft) Latissimus dorsi muscle Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head)

18

15 17

Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

125

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Shoulder, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Acromion Joint capsule Scapula (spine) Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Infraspinatus muscle Humerus (head) Teres minor muscle Axillary nerve Thoracodorsal artery and vein Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Teres major muscle Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Latissimus dorsi muscle Triceps brachii muscle (long head)

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Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

Shoulder, Coronal

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Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Acromion Infraspinatus muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Thoracodorsal artery and vein Joint capsule Teres major muscle Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 9 Latissimus dorsi muscle 10 Triceps brachii muscle (long head)

8 5 10 7 9

Cranial Medial

Lateral Caudal

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127

128

Shoulder, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Supraspinatus muscle (tendon) Glenohumeral ligament (superior) Infraspinatus muscle (tendon) Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) Greater tubercle Glenohumeral ligament (middle) Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Lesser tubercle Crest of greater tubercle Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Cephalic vein Humerus (shaft) Biceps brachii muscle (long head)

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Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

Shoulder, Sagittal 1

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1 Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) 2 Deltoid muscle (acromial part) 3 Glenohumeral ligament (superior) 4 Supraspinatus muscle (tendon) 5 Glenohumeral ligament (middle) 6 Infraspinatus muscle (tendon) 7 Joint capsule 8 Humerus (head) 9 Cephalic vein 10 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 11 Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 12 Humerus (shaft) 13 Pectoralis major muscle 14 Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) 15 Biceps brachii muscle (long head)

15 14

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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129

130

Shoulder, Sagittal 1 Transverse humeral ligament 2 Acromion 3 Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) 4 Subdeltoid bursa 5 Glenohumeral ligament (superior) 6 Supraspinatus muscle (tendon) 7 Subscapularis muscle 8 Infraspinatus muscle (tendon) 9 Cephalic vein 10 Humerus (head) 11 Glenohumeral ligament (middle) 12 Teres minor muscle (and tendon attachment) 13 Glenohumeral ligament (inferior) 14 Deltoid muscle (acromial part) 15 Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 16 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 17 Pectoralis major muscle 18 Latissimus dorsi muscle 19 Teres major muscle 20 Humerus (shaft) 21 Biceps brachii muscle (long head) 22 Triceps brachii muscle (medial head) 23 Coracobrachialis muscle

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Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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Shoulder, Sagittal 1

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Coraco-acromial ligament Acromion Subacromial bursa Supraspinatus muscle (and tendon) Coracohumeral ligament Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) Transverse humeral ligament Infraspinatus muscle (and tendon) Superior glenohumeral ligament Humerus (head) Cephalic vein Teres minor muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Inferior glenohumeral ligament Medial glenohumeral ligament Teres major muscle (tendon) Subscapularis muscle Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein and muscular branches Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Axillary nerve Pectoralis major muscle Teres major muscle Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Latissimus dorsi muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Triceps brachii muscle (long head) Biceps brachii muscle (short head and tendon) Basilic vein Biceps brachii muscle (long head) Coracobrachialis muscle

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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131

132

Shoulder, Sagittal 1 Acromioclavicular joint 2 Acromioclavicular ligament 3 Thoraco-acromial artery (acromial branch) 4 Acromion 5 Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) 6 Subacromial bursa 7 Coraco-acromial ligament 8 Supraspinatus muscle (and tendon) 9 Coracohumeral ligament 10 Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon) 11 Coracoid process 12 Infraspinatus muscle (and tendon) 13 Thoraco-acromial artery (deltoid branch) and cephalic vein 14 Joint capsule 15 Glenohumeral ligament (superior) 16 Humerus (head) 17 Glenohumeral ligament (medial) 18 Teres minor muscle 19 Coracobrachialis muscle 20 Glenohumeral ligament (inferior) 21 Subscapularis muscle 22 Deltoid muscle (acromial part) 23 Axillary nerve 24 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein (muscular branches) 25 Anterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 26 Deltoid muscle (spinal part) 27 Pectoralis major muscle 28 Teres major muscle 29 Biceps brachii muscle (short head, tendon) 30 Radial nerve 31 Pectoralis minor muscle 32 Latissimus dorsi muscle 33 Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein 34 Brachial artery and vein 35 Ulnar nerve 36 Triceps brachii muscle (long head) 37 Median nerve

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Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

Shoulder, Sagittal 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Acromioclavicular joint Clavicle Coraco-acromial ligament Acromioclavicular ligament Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Acromion Coracohumeral ligament Thoraco-acromial artery (acromial branch) Coracoid process Supraspinatus muscle (and tendon) Cephalic vein Biceps brachii muscle (long head, tendon attachment) Thoraco-acromial artery (deltoid branch) Infraspinatus muscle (and tendon) Subscapularis muscle Glenohumeral joint and joint capsule Coracobrachialis muscle Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Pectoralis major muscle Teres major muscle Musculocutaneous nerve Infraglenoid tubercle Brachial artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein Biceps brachii muscle (short head) Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein (muscular branches) Axillary nerve Triceps brachii muscle (long head and tendon) Radial nerve Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Ulnar nerve Teres major muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Median nerve Brachial vein

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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133

134

Shoulder, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Clavicle Trapezius muscle (tendon attachment) Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Acromion Coracoclavicular ligament Supraspinatus muscle Coracoid process Deltoid muscle (acromial part) Cephalic vein Scapula (neck) Thoraco-acromial artery (pectoral part) Infraspinatus muscle (and tendon) Subscapularis muscle Circumflex scapular artery and vein Axillary artery and vein Teres minor muscle Brachial plexus Axillary nerve Pectoralis major muscle Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Pectoralis minor muscle Triceps brachii muscle (long head and tendon) Circumflex scapular artery and vein Teres major muscle Axillary lymph nodes Latissimus dorsi muscle

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Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

www.MedLibrary.info

Shoulder, Sagittal 2

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Clavicle Trapezius muscle Coracoclavicular ligament Acromion Deltoid muscle (clavicular part) Supraspinatus muscle Scapula (spine) Suprascapular artery and vein Cephalic vein Infraspinatus muscle Thoraco-acromial artery (pectoral branch) Circumflex scapular artery and vein Brachial plexus Deltoid muscle (spinal part) Axillary artery and vein Subscapularis muscle Pectoralis major muscle Scapula (body) Pectoralis minor muscle Teres minor muscle Serratus anterior muscle Teres major muscle Ribs Latissimus dorsi muscle

Cranial Ventral

Dorsal Caudal

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135

136

Elbow, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Median nerve Brachialis muscle Brachial artery and vein Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Basilic vein Radial artery (recurrent branch) Median cubital vein Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Pronator teres muscle Median cephalic vein Ulnar artery Cephalic vein Median nerve Brachioradialis muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Radial artery Median vein of forearm

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15

Proximal Ulnar Medial

Radial Lateral Distal

www.MedLibrary.info

Elbow, Coronal

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Brachialis muscle Radial nerve Humerus (trochlea) Brachioradialis muscle Pronator teres muscle Humerus (capitulum) Brachialis muscle (tendon) Anular and radial collateral ligaments of wrist joint Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Radius (head) Median nerve Radial nerve (deep branch) Flexor carpi radialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles Palmaris longus muscle Supinator muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Anterior interosseous artery and vein Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radius (shaft)

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Proximal Ulnar Medial

Radial Lateral Distal

www.MedLibrary.info

137

138

Elbow, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Triceps brachii muscle Brachioradialis muscle Brachialis muscle Humerus (shaft) Coronoid fossa Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Pronator teres muscle Common extensor tendons (attachment) Medial collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Humerus (trochlea) Humerus (capitulum) Humero-ulnar joint Humeroradial joint Ulna (coronoid process) Radius (head) Flexor carpi radialis muscle Supinator muscle Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Radial tuberosity Palmaris longus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Radius (shaft) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

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Proximal Ulnar Medial

Radial Lateral Distal

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Elbow, Coronal 1 2

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Triceps brachii muscle Brachioradialis muscle Brachialis muscle Humerus (shaft) Coronoid fossa Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Pronator teres muscle Common extensor tendons (attachment) Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Humerus (trochlea) Humerus (capitulum) Humero-ulnar joint Anular ligament Ulna (coronoid process) Humeroradial joint Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Radius (head) Radius (shaft) and radial tuberosity Radio-ulnar joint Median nerve Biceps brachii muscle (tendon) Posterior interosseous artery and vein Supinator muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle

Proximal Ulnar Medial

Radial Lateral Distal

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139

140

Elbow, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Triceps brachii muscle Brachioradialis muscle Humerus (shaft) Brachialis muscle Olecranon fossa (posterior fat pad) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Medial epicondyle Olecranon Common flexor tendons (attachment) Lateral epicondyle Humerus (trochlea) Anular ligament Ulna (coronoid process) Radial nerve (deep branch) Brachialis muscle (tendon attachment) Radius (head) Ulnar nerve Common extensor tendons Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Supinator muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Posterior interosseous artery and vein Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle

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Proximal Ulnar Medial

Radial Lateral Distal

www.MedLibrary.info

Elbow, Coronal 1

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Triceps brachii muscle Brachioradialis muscle Humerus (shaft) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Ulnar nerve Humero-ulnar joint Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Olecranon Common flexor tendons (attachment) Anconeus muscle Brachialis muscle (tendon attachment) Anular ligament Ulna (shaft) Supinator muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Extensor digitorum muscle

Proximal Ulnar Medial

Radial Lateral Distal

www.MedLibrary.info

141

142

Elbow, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Brachial artery Biceps brachii muscle Brachialis muscle Brachial vein Median nerve Humerus (trochlea) Humerus (medial epicondyle) Pronator teres muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Palmaris longus muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Basilic vein

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Triceps brachii muscle Biceps brachii muscle Ulnar nerve Brachial artery and nerve Brachialis muscle Median nerve Collateral ulnar ligament, posterior part (and posterior capsule of elbow joint) Humerus (trochlea) Humero-ulnar joint Median cubital vein Olecranon Pronator teres muscle Ulnar recurrent artery Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle

16

Proximal Dorsal

Ventral Distal

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Elbow, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Triceps brachii muscle Biceps brachii muscle Humerus Brachialis muscle Posterior fat pad of elbow Anterior fat pad of elbow and coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Humerus (trochlea) Olecranon bursa Biceps muscle (tendon) Olecranon Pronator teres muscle (ulnar head) Trochlear notch Brachioradialis muscle Coronoid process Radial artery and vein Ulnar artery and vein Pronator teres muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radial nerve Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Median nerve

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Triceps brachii muscle Biceps brachii muscle Humerus (shaft) Brachialis muscle Olecranon fossa Cephalic vein Olecranon Humerus (capitulum) Olecranon bursa Radial nerve Trochlear notch Humeroradial joint Coronoid process Deep brachial artery Radius (head) Radius (neck) Proximal radio-ulnar joint Radial nerve (superficial branch) Biceps muscle (tendon attachment) Supinator muscle Interosseous artery and vein Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Radial tuberosity Brachioradialis muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Radius (shaft) Pronator teres muscle (ulnar head)

Proximal Dorsal

Ventral Distal

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145

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Elbow, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Triceps brachii muscle Biceps brachii muscle Humerus (shaft) Brachialis muscle Joint capsule Radial nerve Humeroradial joint Humerus (capitulum) Radius (head) Anular ligament of radius Radial collateral ligament Cephalic vein Anconeus muscle Supinator muscle Interosseous artery and vein Brachioradialis muscle Ulna (shaft) Radial nerve (deep branch) Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Pronator teres muscle (ulnar head) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (radial head) 23 Radius (shaft)

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Triceps brachii muscle Brachialis muscle Humerus (capitulum) Brachioradialis muscle Joint capsule Radial collateral ligament Anconeus muscle Anular ligament of radius Extensor digitorum muscle Radius (head) Extensor digiti minimi muscle Anterior interosseous artery and veins Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Supinator muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Cephalic vein

Proximal Dorsal

Ventral Distal

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Hand, Coronal 1 Proper palmar digital arteries 2 Proper palmar digital nerves (median nerve) 3 Adductor pollicis muscle 4 Palmar aponeurosis 5 Metacarpal I (head) 6 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 7 Palmar digital nerve of thumb 8 Proper palmar digital nerves (ulnar nerve) 9 Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head) 10 Ulnar nerve 11 Abductor pollicis muscle 12 Flexor digiti minimi muscle 13 Median nerve 14 Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments and pisohamate ligament 15 Opponens pollicis muscle 16 Retinaculum of flexor muscles (transverse carpal ligament) 17 Metacarpal I (base) 18 Pisiform 19 Palmar carpometacarpal ligaments 20 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendons) 21 Trapezium 22 Ulnar artery 23 Scaphoid 24 Palmaris longus muscle 25 Radial artery (superficial palmar branch) 26 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) 27 Flexor carpi radialis muscle (tendon)

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Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Coronal

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1 Proper palmar digital nerves (of median nerve) 2 Proper palmar digital arteries 3 Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) 4 Proper palmar digital nerves (of ulnar nerve) 5 Proximal phalanx I (base) 6 Opponens digiti minimi muscle 7 Metacarpal I (head) 8 Flexor digiti minimi muscle 9 Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (deep head) 10 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 11 Abductor pollicis muscle 12 Hamate (hook) 13 Opponens pollicis muscle 14 Ulnar nerve (deep branch) 15 Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 16 Pisohamate ligament 17 Metacarpal I (base) 18 Pisiform 19 Trapezium 20 Palmar radiocarpal ligament 21 Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon attachment) 22 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) 23 Scaphoid 24 Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 25 Radial artery (superficial palmar branch) 26 Brachioradialis muscle (tendon)

Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Coronal 1 Distal phalanx I 2 Proper palmar digital arteries and nerves 3 Proximal phalanx I (head) 4 Lumbrical muscles 5 Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) 6 Proximal phalanx V (base) 7 Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) 8 Metacarpal V (head) 9 Proximal phalanx I (base) 10 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendons) 11 Sesamoid bone 12 Opponens digiti minimi muscle 13 Metacarpophalangeal joint I 14 Flexor digiti minimi muscle 15 Joint capsule 16 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 17 Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) 18 Hamate (hook) 19 Abductor pollicis muscle 20 Pisohamate ligament 21 Flexor pollicis brevis muscle 22 Radiate carpal ligament 23 Opponens pollicis muscle 24 Pisiform 25 Metacarpal I 26 Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint 27 Carpometacarpal joint I 28 Lunate 29 Trapezium 30 Palmar ulnocarpal ligament 31 Scaphoid 32 Radius 33 Extensor pollicis brevis muscle 34 Pronator quadratus muscle 35 Palmar radiocarpal ligament 36 Radial artery

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Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Proper palmar digital arteries Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Lumbrical muscles Metacarpal ligaments Distal phalanx I (thumb) Proximal phalanges (bases) Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) Metacarpal (head) Joint capsule Deep palmar arch (of radial artery) Flexor pollicis muscle Opponens digiti minimi muscle Proximal phalanx I (thumb) Flexor digiti minimi muscle Sesamoid bone Abductor digiti minimi muscle Metacarpophalangeal joint (proximal thumb joint) Metacarpal V (base) Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Hamate Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Interosseous (capitohamate) ligament Opponens pollicis muscle Ulnar artery (deep branch) Metacarpal I Radial carpal ligament Trapezium Triquetrum Trapezoid Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist Capitate Lunate Radial artery Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Scaphoid Ulnolunate ligament Radial collateral ligament Ulna (head) Abductor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Interosseous (scapholunate) ligament Radiocarpal joint Pronator quadratus muscle Radius

Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Distal phalanx II Distal interphalangeal joint Middle phalanx (base) Proper palmar digital nerve and artery Proximal phalanx (head) Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Distal phalanx I Proximal interphalangeal joint Metacarpal II (head) Collateral ligament Interphalangeal joint I Metacarpophalangeal joint Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Interosseous muscles Proximal phalanx I Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) Sesamoid bone Abductor digiti minimi muscle Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Deep palmar arch and palmar carpal branch Metacarpal I (head) Metacarpals (bases) Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Carpometacarpal joint Trapezium Hamate Trapezoid Capitate Radial artery Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint Scaphoid Triquetrum Lunate Ulnar styloid process Interosseous (scapholunate) ligament Triangular fibrocartilage complex Wrist joint Ulna Brachioradialis muscle (tendon) Pronator quadratus muscle Radius

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Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Coronal 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

Distal phalanx II Collateral ligament Middle phalanx II (head) Distal interphalangeal joint V Middle phalanx II (base) Proper palmar digital artery and nerves Proximal phalanx II (head) Proximal interphalangeal joint V Proximal phalanx II (shaft) Dorsal interossei muscles Distal phalanx I Metacarpophalangeal joint V Interphalangeal joint I Deep palmar arch Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Metacarpal V (shaft) Metacarpal II (head) Interosseous metacarpal ligaments Proximal phalanx I (base) Carpometacarpal joint Metacarpophalangeal joint I Ulnar ligament of wrist Metacarpal I (head) Dorsal intercarpal (capitohamate) ligament Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Hamate Metacarpal II (base) Triquetrum Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament Meniscal homologen Trapezium Prestyloid recess Trapezoid Ulnar triangular fibrocartilage Dorsal intercarpal (trapeziocapitate) ligament Ulnar styloid process Capitate Dorsal intercarpal (lunotriquetral) ligament Radial collateral ligament Lunate Scaphoid Distal radio-ulnar joint Interosseous (scapholunate) ligament Ulna Radius Interosseous membrane Radial artery

Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Middle phalanx (base) Dorsal digital arteries and nerves Collateral ligament Proximal interphalangeal joint Proximal phalanx (head) Metacarpophalangeal joint Proximal phalanx (shaft) Interosseous muscles Proximal phalanx (base) Dorsal metacarpal vein Metacarpal (head) Joint capsule Metacarpal (shaft) Dorsal metacarpal arteries Dorsal metacarpal artery and nerve of thumb Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Metacarpal I (head) Dorsal metacarpal arteries (perforating branches) Interosseous metacarpal ligament Carpometacarpal joint Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Hamate Radial artery (dorsal carpal branch) Triquetrum Metacarpal II (base) Lunate Trapezoid Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Interosseous intercarpal (trapeziocapitate and capitohamate) ligaments Ulnar collateral ligament of wrist joint Capitate Ulnar articular disk Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon) Styloid process of ulna Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Scaphoid Ulna Radius Interosseous membrane Brachioradialis muscle (tendon)

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Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Coronal

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Dorsal digital veins Dorsal digital arteries and nerves Proximal phalanx II (base) Extensor digitorum muscles (tendons) Metacarpophalangeal joint II Metacarpal IV (head) Collateral ligament Dorsal metacarpal veins Dorsal metacarpal arteries Ulnar nerve (dorsal branch of the hand) Metacarpal II (shaft) Dorsal metacarpal arteries Dorsal interossei muscles Dorsal metacarpal ligaments Radial artery Carpometacarpal joint IV Metacarpal II (base) Dorsal intercarpal (trapeziocapitate) ligament Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments Hamate Trapezoid Triquetrum Capitate Dorsal intercarpal (scaphotriquetral) ligament Extensor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Dorsal ulnocarpal (ulnotriquetral) ligament Scaphoid Dorsal radio-ulnar ligament and joint capsule Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Ulna Radius Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (tendon)

Distal Radial

Ulnar Proximal

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Hand, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Joint capsule Middle phalanx (head) Middle phalanx (base) Palmar collateral ligament Proximal interphalangeal joint Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Proximal phalanx (head) Metacarpophalangeal joint Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Lumbrical muscle Proximal phalanx (base) Palmar metacarpal artery Metacarpal (head) Flexor digiti minimi muscle (tendon) Collateral ligament and attachment of dorsal interosseous muscle Opponens digiti minimi muscle Dorsal interosseous muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Palmar interosseous muscle Deep palmar arch Metacarpal V (base) Abductor digiti minimi muscle Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Triquetrum Palmaris brevis muscle Lunate Pisiform Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Triangular fibrocartilage complex Ulnar artery and nerve Ulna Palmar radio-ulnar ligament Dorsal radio-ulnar ligament Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendon) Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendon) Pronator quadratus muscle

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Palmar Proximal

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Hand, Sagittal 1

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Collateral ligament Middle phalanx (head) Dorsal digital vein Palmar digital vein Middle phalanx (base) Palmar (collateral) ligament Proximal interphalangeal joint Palmar digital artery and nerve Proximal phalanx (head) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendon) Proximal phalanx (base) Palmar interosseous muscle Metacarpophalangeal joint Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendon) Joint capsule Palmar digital artery Metacarpal (head) Lumbrical muscle Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Superficial palmar arch Palmar interosseous muscle Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Metacarpal (base) Palmar carpometacarpal ligament Carpometacarpal joint Hamate (hook) Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament Flexor retinaculum Hamate Palmar intercarpal ligament Triquetrum Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Dorsal intercarpal ligament Palmar carpal ligament Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Ulnar artery Lunate Palmar ulnocarpal ligament Radiocarpal joint Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Radius Pronator quadratus muscle

Distal Dorsal

Palmar Proximal

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Hand, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

Distal phalanx Middle phalanx (head) Distal interphalangeal joint Palmar ligament Joint capsule Palmar digital artery Middle phalanx (base) Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Proximal interphalangeal joint Proximal phalanx (shaft) Proximal phalanx (head) Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendon) Proximal phalanx (base) Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendon) Metacarpophalangeal joint Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) Metacarpal (head) Lumbrical muscles Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Superficial palmar arch Palmar digital vein Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Deep palmar arch Adductor pollicis muscle (deep head) Metacarpal (base) Palmar aponeurosis Carpometacarpal joint Palmar carpometacarpal ligament Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament Flexor retinaculum Capitate Median nerve Dorsal intercarpal ligament Palmar intercarpal ligament Intercarpal (scaphocapitate) joint Lunate Scaphoid Palmar radiocarpal ligament Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Wrist joint Radius Pronator quadratus muscle

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Distal Dorsal

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Palmar Proximal

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1 Collateral ligament (distal interphalangeal joint) 2 Proximal interphalangeal joint 3 Middle phalanx (base) 4 Palmar ligament 5 Proximal phalanx (head) 6 Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) 7 Joint capsule 8 Metacarpophalangeal joint 9 Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) 10 Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (tendon) 11 Proximal phalanx (base) 12 Common palmar arteries 13 Metacarpal (head) 14 Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (tendon) 15 Palmar interosseous muscle 16 Lumbrical muscle 17 Ulnar nerve (deep branch) 18 Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) 19 Deep palmar arch 20 Superficial palmar arch 21 Metacarpal (base) 22 Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) 23 Carpometacarpal joint 24 Palmar aponeurosis 25 Capitate 26 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle 27 Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament 28 Median nerve 29 Dorsal intercarpal ligament 30 Flexor retinaculum 31 Scaphoid 32 Flexor pollicis muscle (deep head) 33 Dorsal radiocarpal ligament 34 Palmar intercarpal ligament 35 Radiocarpal joint 36 Intercarpal (scaphocapitate) joint 37 Radius 38 Flexor pollicis longus muscle 39 Pronator quadratus muscle 40 Palmar radiocarpal ligament

Distal Dorsal

Palmar Proximal

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Hand, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Dorsal digital vein Common palmar digital artery Proximal phalanx (base) Lumbrical muscle Collateral ligament (metacarpophalangeal joint) Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) Metacarpal (head) Palmar aponeurosis Dorsal interosseous muscle Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Dorsal digital artery Superficial palmar arch Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Common palmar digital nerve (of median nerve) Dorsal digital artery and nerve Deep palmar arch Metacarpal II (base) Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head) Metacarpal III (base) Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Carpometacarpal joint Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (deep head) Trapezoid Opponens pollicis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Scaphoid Hamate (hook) Palmar radiocarpal ligament Flexor retinaculum Radial collateral ligament of wrist joint Flexor carpi radialis muscle Radius Radial artery Pronator quadratus muscle

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Distal Dorsal

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Distal phalanx Palmar (collateral) ligament Distal interphalangeal joint Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Middle phalanx (head) Proper palmar digital artery Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Proper palmar digital nerve Middle phalanx (base) Flexor digitorum muscle (tendon) Collateral ligament Lumbrical muscle Proximal phalanx (head) Adductor pollicis muscle (transverse head) Proper dorsal digital artery Common palmar digital nerve Proximal phalanx (base) Superficial palmar arch Metacarpal (head) Median nerve Collateral ligament Adductor pollicis muscle (oblique head) Digital artery (perforating branch) Common metacarpal artery Dorsal digital vein Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (superficial head) Dorsal interosseous muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle (tendon) Palmar interosseous muscle Flexor pollicis brevis muscle (deep head) Extensor digitorum II muscle Opponens pollicis muscle Metacarpal II (shaft) Palmar carpometacarpal ligament Dorsal metacarpal artery Deep palmar arch Metacarpal II (base) Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Carpometacarpal joint Trapezium (tubercle) Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament Radial collateral ligament of wrist Trapezoid Radial artery (superficial branch) Dorsal intercarpal ligament Scaphoid Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Radius with styloid process

Distal Dorsal

Palmar Proximal

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Lower Extremity

Anatomic Structures Color Code: Lower Extremity Arteries

Cartilage

Nerves

Tendon

Veins

Meniscus, labrum, etc.

Bones

Fluid

Fatty tissue

Intestine

Hip and Thigh Muscles

Lower Leg Muscles

Sartorius

Extensor group

Tensor fasciae latae

Tibialis anterior

Iliacus

Extensor digitorum longus

Iliopsoas

Extensor hallucis longus

Psoas

Peroneus group

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus

Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis) and

Piriformis

peroneus longus (fibularis longus)

Gemellus muscles Quadratus femoris Obturator internus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris

Flexor group Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Triceps surae Gastrocnemius

Abdominal Muscles

Soleus

Rectus abdominis

Plantaris

Internal and external oblique abdominal

Muscles of Foot

Transversus abdominis Adductors

Extensor digitorum brevis

Obturator externus

Extensor hallucis brevis

Pectineus

Dorsal and plantar interossei

Adductor longus, brevis, and magnus

Flexor digitorum brevis

Gracilis

Quadratus plantae

Quadriceps

Lumbricals

Rectus femoris

Muscles of Big Toe

Vastus lateralis, medialis,

Flexor hallucis brevis

and intermedius

Abductor hallucis

Popliteus

Adductor hallucis Muscles of Little (Fifth) Toe Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi

www.MedLibrary.info

Leg, Axial 1

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1 Inguinal ligament 2 Internal oblique abdominal muscle and transversus abdominis muscle 3 Anterior superior iliac spine 4 Rectus abdominis muscle 5 Tensor fasciae latae muscle 6 Inferior epigastric artery and vein 7 Femoral nerve 8 Urinary bladder 9 Iliopsoas muscle 10 External iliac artery and veins 11 Gluteus minimus muscle 12 Small intestine 13 Ilium 14 Obturator artery, vein, and nerve 15 Gluteus medius muscle 16 Internal iliac artery and vein 17 Sacral plexus 18 Uterus 19 Superior gluteal artery and vein 20 Ureter 21 Piriformis muscle 22 Sigmoid colon 23 Gluteus maximus muscle 24 Sacrum

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 Inguinal ligament 2 Internal oblique abdominal muscle and transversus abdominis muscle 3 Sartorius muscle 4 Inferior epigastric artery and vein 5 Tensor fasciae latae muscle 6 Rectus abdominis muscle 7 Femoral nerve 8 Urinary bladder 9 Inferior anterior iliac spine 10 External iliac artery and veins 11 Iliopsoas muscle 12 Ovary and uterine tube 13 Gluteus minimus muscle 14 Obturator artery, vein, and nerve 15 Gluteus medius muscle 16 Uterus 17 Ilium 18 Small intestine 19 Obturator internus muscle 20 Ureter 21 Superior gluteal artery and vein 22 Lumbosacral plexus 23 Piriformis muscle 24 Internal iliac artery and vein 25 Gluteus maximus muscle 26 Rectum 27 Sacrotuberous ligament 28 Sacrum

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1 Inguinal ligament 2 Internal oblique abdominal muscle and transversus abdominis muscle 3 Sartorius muscle 4 Inferior epigastric artery and vein 5 Tensor fasciae latae muscle 6 Rectus abdominis muscle 7 Femoral nerve 8 External iliac artery and vein 9 Iliopsoas muscle 10 Venous plexus of urinary bladder 11 Iliofemoral ligament 12 Urinary bladder 13 Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) 14 Uterus 15 Gluteus minimus muscle 16 Obturator artery, vein, and nerve 17 Iliotibial tract 18 Ovary 19 Gluteus medius muscle 20 Ureter 21 Femur (head) 22 Pubis (superior ramus) 23 Piriformis muscle 24 Obturator internus muscle 25 Posterior acetabular labrum 26 Sciatic nerve 27 Ischium 28 Superior gluteal artery and vein 29 Gluteus maximus muscle 30 Coccyx 31 Sacrotuberous ligament

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 Femoral nerve 2 Internal oblique abdominal muscle and transversus abdominis muscle 3 Sartorius muscle 4 Rectus abdominis muscle 5 Iliopsoas muscle 6 External iliac artery and vein 7 Tensor fasciae latae muscle 8 Urinary bladder 9 Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) 10 Pubis (superior ramus) 11 Anterior glenoid labrum 12 Ligament of head of femur 13 Iliofemoral ligament 14 Ureter 15 Gluteus minimus muscle 16 Uterus 17 Iliotibial tract 18 Obturator artery, vein, and nerve 19 Gluteus medius muscle (and tendon) 20 Uterine venous plexus 21 Femur (head) 22 Acetabular fossa 23 Posterior glenoid labrum 24 Rectum and levator ani muscle 25 Piriformis muscle 26 Obturator internus muscle 27 Sciatic nerve 28 Ischium 29 Superior gluteal artery and vein 30 Ischial spine 31 Gluteus maximus muscle 32 Sacrotuberous ligament

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Sartorius muscle Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Iliopsoas muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Rectus femoris muscle (and tendon) Pectineus muscle Tensor fasciae latae muscle Urinary bladder Anterior glenoid labrum Pubis (superior ramus) Iliofemoral ligament Ureter Gluteus minimus muscle (and tendon) Obturator artery, vein, and nerve Gluteus medius muscle (and tendon) Vagina Femur (neck) Rectum Iliotibial tract Acetabular fossa Femur (head) Levator ani muscle Ischiofemoral ligament and ligamentous capsule Obturator internus muscle Greater trochanter Posterior glenoid labrum Gemellus inferior muscle Ischium Sciatic nerve Sacrotuberous ligament Superior gluteal artery and vein Gluteus maximus muscle

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Sartorius muscle Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Rectus femoris muscle (and tendon) Pectineus muscle Iliopsoas muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Tensor fasciae latae muscle Pubis (inferior ramus) Vastus lateralis muscle Obturator nerve (anterior branch) Iliofemoral ligament Adductor brevis muscle Gluteus medius muscle (and tendon) Vagina and urethra Gluteus minimus muscle (and tendon) Obturator externus muscle Iliotibial tract Rectum Femur Levator ani muscle Ischiofemoral ligament Ischiorectal fossa Quadratus femoris muscle Pubofemoral ligament Sciatic nerve Obturator internus muscle Tendon attachment of dorsal thigh muscles 28 Ischial tuberosity 29 Gluteus maximus muscle 30 Sacrotuberous ligament

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Medial Dorsal

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Sartorius muscle Great saphenous vein Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Pectineus muscle Rectus femoris muscle (and tendon) Adductor longus muscle Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein Adductor brevis muscle Tensor fasciae latae muscle Adductor magnus and adductor minimus muscles Iliopsoas muscle Pubis (inferior ramus) Vastus lateralis muscle Obturator internus muscle Iliofemoral ligament Vagina Iliotibial tract Rectum Femur Internal pudendal artery, vein, and nerve Lesser trochanter Levator ani muscle Quadratus femoris muscle Ischiorectal fossa Sciatic nerve Deep transverse perineal muscle ♂ Ischiocrural muscles (tendon attachment) External obturator muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Ischial tuberosity

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Sartorius muscle Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Rectus femoris muscle Great saphenous vein Circumflex femoral artery and vein Deep femoral artery and vein Tensor fasciae latae muscle Adductor longus muscle Vastus medialis muscle Pectineus muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Gracilis muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Adductor brevis muscle Iliotibial tract Iliopsoas muscle Femur Adductor magnus muscle Lateral femoral intermuscular septum Obturator internus muscle Quadratus femoris muscle Lesser trochanter Sciatic nerve Semimembranosus muscle (tendon) Gluteus maximus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (tendon) Semitendinosus muscle (tendon)

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Rectus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Circumflex femoral artery and vein Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Tensor fasciae latae muscle Great saphenous vein Vastus lateralis muscle Adductor longus muscle Vastus medialis muscle Deep artery and vein of thigh Vastus intermedius muscle Adductor brevis muscle Femur Iliopsoas muscle Iliotibial tract Gracilis muscle Perforating artery Adductor magnus muscle Lateral femoral intermuscular septum Semimembranosus muscle (tendon) Sciatic nerve Semitendinosus muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (and tendon)

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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172

Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Rectus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Femoral artery, veins, and nerve Vastus lateralis muscle Great saphenous vein Iliotibial tract Vastus medialis muscle Femur Adductor longus muscle Perforating artery and vein Deep artery and vein of thigh Lateral femoral intermuscular septum Gracilis muscle Artery and vein to sciatic nerve Adductor brevis muscle Sciatic nerve Adductor magnus muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Semimembranosus muscle (tendon) Biceps femoris muscle Semitendinosus muscle

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Medial Dorsal

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Rectus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Saphenous nerve Vastus lateralis muscle Femoral artery and vein Vastus medialis muscle Great saphenous vein Iliotibial tract Adductor longus muscle Femur Gracilis muscle Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Adductor brevis muscle Perforating artery Deep artery and vein of thigh Sciatic nerve Adductor magnus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Semimembranosus muscle (tendon) Semitendinosus muscle

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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174

Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Rectus femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Saphenous nerve Femur Great saphenous vein Iliotibial tract Femoral artery and vein Deep artery and vein of thigh Adductor longus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Adductor brevis muscle Artery to sciatic nerve Gracilis muscle Sciatic nerve Adductor magnus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Semimembranosus muscle Semitendinosus muscle

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Medial Dorsal

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Rectus femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Great saphenous vein Iliotibial tract Saphenous nerve Femur Femoral artery and vein Perforating artery and vein Adductor longus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Adductor magnus muscle Sciatic nerve Gracilis muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Semimembranosus muscle Semitendinosus muscle

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Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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176

Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Rectus femoris muscle (and tendon) Vastus medialis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Sartorius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Great saphenous vein Femur Saphenous nerve Iliotibial tract Femoral artery and vein Linea aspera Perforating artery and vein Adductor magnus muscle Gracilis muscle Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Semimembranosus muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semitendinosus muscle Tibial nerve Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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Medial Dorsal

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Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) Vastus medialis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Great saphenous vein Femur Muscular branch of femoral nerve Iliotibial tract Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Vastus lateralis muscle Sartorius muscle Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Saphenous nerve Femoral artery and vein Gracilis muscle Perforating artery and vein Semimembranosus muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semitendinosus muscle Tibial nerve Biceps femoris muscle (long head)

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Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) Vastus medialis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Femur Iliotibial tract Sartorius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Muscular branch of femoral nerve Saphenous nerve Femoral artery and vein Great saphenous vein Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Gracilis muscle Perforating artery and vein Semimembranosus muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semitendinosus muscle Tibial nerve Biceps femoris muscle (long head)

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Medial Dorsal

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Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) Vastus medialis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Accessory saphenous vein Femur Sartorius muscle Iliotibial tract Femoral artery and vein Vastus lateralis muscle Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Muscular branch of femoral nerve Great saphenous vein Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Saphenous nerve Perforating artery and vein Gracilis muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semimembranosus muscle Tibial nerve Semitendinosus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head)

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Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) 2 Vastus medialis muscle 3 Vastus intermedius muscle (and tendon) 4 Femur 5 Vastus lateralis muscle 6 Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) 7 Iliotibial tract 8 Sartorius muscle 9 Femoral artery and vein 10 Great saphenous vein 11 Biceps femoris muscle (short head) 12 Saphenous nerve 13 Perforating vein 14 Gracilis muscle 15 Common fibular (peroneal) nerve 16 Semimembranosus muscle 17 Biceps femoris muscle (long head) 18 Semitendinosus muscle 19 Tibial nerve

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Medial Dorsal

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Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) Patella Suprapatellar recess Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum Vastus medialis muscle Femur Superior medial genicular artery and vein Iliotibial tract Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Great saphenous vein Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Sartorius muscle Femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Gracilis muscle (tendon) Perforating vein Semimembranosus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head, tendon) Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Tibial nerve

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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182

Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Patellar ligament Patella Retropatellar cartilage Femoropatellar joint Lateral patellar retinaculum Medial patellar retinaculum Vastus lateralis muscle (tendon) Femur Iliotibial tract Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, tendon) Popliteus muscle (tendon) Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Great saphenous vein Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Superior medial genicular artery and vein Biceps femoris muscle (and tendon) Sartorius muscle Femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Gracilis muscle (tendon) Perforating artery Semitendinosus muscle Tibial nerve Semimembranosus muscle

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Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Patellar ligament Patella Retropatellar cartilage Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum Femoropatellar joint Lateral collateral ligament Femur Iliotibial tract Joint capsule and posterior cruciate ligament (attachment) Anterior cruciate ligament (attachment) Medial femoral condyle Middle genicular artery Sartorius muscle Popliteus muscle (tendon) Joint capsule and oblique popliteal ligament Biceps femoris muscle (and tendon) Great saphenous vein Lateral femoral condyle Gracilis muscle (tendon) Plantaris muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Semimembranosus muscle (and tendon) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Femoral artery and vein Tibial nerve

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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184

Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Patellar ligament Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Lateral patellar retinaculum Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral femoral condyle Posterior cruciate ligament Iliotibial tract Medial collateral ligament Lateral collateral ligament Medial femoral condyle Intercondylar fossa Sartorius muscle Anterior cruciate ligament Gracilis muscle (tendon) Popliteus muscle (tendon) Great saphenous vein Biceps femoris muscle (and tendon) Semimembranosus muscle (and tendon) Oblique popliteal ligament and joint capsule Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Plantaris muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Popliteal vein Femoral artery and vein Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Tibial nerve

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Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Patellar ligament Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Transverse patellar retinaculum Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum Anterior cruciate ligament Joint capsule Medial meniscus (anterior horn) Lateral meniscus (anterior horn) Medial meniscus (intermediate portion) Iliotibial tract Medial femoral condyle with joint cartilage Lateral femoral condyle with joint cartilage Medial collateral ligament Lateral meniscus (intermediate portion) Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral collateral ligament Medial meniscus (posterior horn) Biceps femoris muscle (tendon) Great saphenous vein Popliteus muscle (tendon) Gracilis muscle (tendon) Lateral meniscus (posterior horn) Sartorius muscle (and tendon) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semimembranosus muscle (and tendon) Plantaris muscle Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Tibial nerve Femoral artery and vein Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head, tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, tendon) Popliteal vein

Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal

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Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Patellar ligament Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Lateral patellar retinaculum Medial patellar retinaculum Iliotibial tract Joint capsule Lateral collateral ligament Tibia (head) Fibular collateral ligament Medial collateral ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Sartorius muscle (tendon) Biceps femoris muscle (tendon) Great saphenous vein Popliteus muscle (and tendon) Gracilis muscle (tendon) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Semimembranosus muscle (and tendon) Plantaris muscle Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Femoral artery and vein Oblique popliteal ligament and joint capsule Tibial nerve Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head, tendon) Popliteal vein

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Anterior Ventral Lateral

Medial Dorsal Posterior

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Patellar ligament Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum Tibia (head) Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) Sartorius muscle (tendon) Anterior ligament of fibular head Gracilis muscle (tendon) Tibiofibular joint (proximal) Great saphenous vein Biceps femoris muscle (tendon attachment) Semimembranosus muscle (and tendon) Fibula (head) Oblique popliteal ligament and joint capsule Lateral collateral (fibular) ligament Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Posterior ligament of fibular head Popliteus muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Femoral artery and vein Soleus muscle Tibial nerve Plantaris muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head, tendon) Popliteal vein Medial sural cutaneous nerve

Anterior Lateral

Medial Posterior

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Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Tibia Medial patellar retinaculum Anterior tibial muscle Sartorius muscle (tendon) Extensor digitorum longus muscle Gracilis muscle (tendon) Interosseous membrane of leg Great saphenous vein Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Fibula (head) Popliteus muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Femoral artery and vein Soleus muscle Tibial nerve Plantaris muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Popliteal vein Medial sural cutaneous nerve

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Medial Posterior

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Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Tibialis anterior muscle Tibia Interosseous membrane of leg Pes anserinus (tendinous expansions of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinous muscles attaching to border of tibial tuberosity) Extensor digitorum longus muscle Great saphenous vein Tibialis posterior muscle Popliteus muscle Peroneus longus muscle Femoral artery and vein Anterior tibial artery and vein Tibial nerve Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Fibula Plantaris muscle Soleus muscle Medial sural cutaneous nerve Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Popliteal vein

Anterior Lateral

Medial Posterior

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190

Leg, Axial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Tibialis anterior muscle Tibial tuberosity Interosseous membrane of leg Tibia Extensor digitorum longus muscle Popliteus muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Great saphenous vein Anterior tibial artery and vein Tibial nerve Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Plantaris muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Femoral artery and vein Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Fibula Soleus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Medial sural cutaneous nerve Popliteal vein

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Anterior Lateral

Medial Posterior

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Leg, Axial 1

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Tibialis anterior muscle Tibia Interosseous membrane of leg Femoral artery and vein Tibialis posterior muscle Great saphenous vein Extensor digitorum longus muscle Plantaris muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Tibial nerve Anterior tibial artery and vein and deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Soleus muscle Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Medial sural cutaneous nerve Fibula Small saphenous vein Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head)

18

Anterior Lateral

Medial Posterior

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Tibialis anterior muscle Tibia Interosseous membrane of leg Flexor digitorum longus muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Great saphenous vein Anterior tibial artery and vein Tibialis posterior muscle Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Posterior tibial artery and vein Peroneus brevis muscle Plantaris muscle (tendon) Peroneus longus muscle Tibial nerve Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Fibula Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein Soleus muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Medial sural cutaneous nerve Small saphenous vein

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Tibialis anterior muscle (and tendon) Tibia Interosseous membrane of leg Flexor digitorum longus muscle Anterior tibial artery and vein Great saphenous vein Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) Tibialis posterior muscle Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Tibial nerve Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Posterior tibial artery and vein Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Plantaris muscle (tendon) Peroneus longus muscle (and tendon) Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein Fibula Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head and tendon) Flexor hallucis longus muscle Soleus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head, tendon) Small saphenous vein Medial sural cutaneous nerve

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Tibialis anterior muscle (and tendon) Tibia Extensor hallucis longus muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) Great saphenous vein Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Posterior tibial artery and vein Anterior tibial artery and vein Tibial nerve Interosseous membrane of leg Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Plantaris muscle (tendon) Fibula Flexor hallucis longus muscle Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (and tendon) Soleus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (tendon) Small saphenous vein Medial sural cutaneous nerve

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Tibialis anterior muscle (and tendon) Tibia Extensor hallucis longus muscle Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) Great saphenous vein Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Tibialis posterior muscle (and tendon) Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Flexor hallucis longus muscle Anterior tibial artery and vein Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) Interosseous membrane of leg Posterior tibial artery and vein Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Tibial nerve Fibula Soleus muscle Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (and tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (tendon) and tendon of plantaris muscle Sural nerve Small saphenous vein

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Leg, Axial 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (and tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 4 Tibia 5 Anterior tibial artery and vein 6 Great saphenous vein 7 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve 8 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 9 Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve 10 Tibialis posterior muscle (and tendon) 11 Interosseous membrane of leg 12 Posterior tibial artery and vein 13 Fibular (peroneal) artery and veins 14 Tibial nerve 15 Fibula 16 Flexor hallucis longus muscle 17 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 18 Soleus muscle 19 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle 20 Gastrocnemius muscle (tendon) and tendon of plantaris muscle 21 Sural nerve 22 Small saphenous vein

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1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve 4 Anterior tibial artery and vein 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 6 Great saphenous vein 7 Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve 8 Tibia 9 Interosseous membrane of leg 10 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 11 Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein 12 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 13 Fibula 14 Posterior tibial artery and vein 15 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 16 Tibial nerve 17 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle 18 Flexor hallucis longus muscle 19 Sural nerve 20 Soleus muscle 21 Small saphenous vein 22 Triceps surae muscle (tendon) and plantaris muscle (tendon)

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Leg, Axial 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Anterior tibial artery and veins 4 Great saphenous vein 5 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve 6 Saphenous nerve 7 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 8 Tibia 9 Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve 10 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 11 Anterior tibiofibular ligament 12 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 13 Inferior tibiofibular joint 14 Posterior tibial artery and vein 15 Fibula 16 Tibial nerve 17 Posterior tibiofibular ligament 18 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 19 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 20 Soleus muscle 21 Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein 22 Triceps surae muscle (tendon) and plantaris muscle (tendon) 23 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (and tendon) 24 Sural nerve 25 Small saphenous vein

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1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Anterior tibial artery and vein 4 Great saphenous vein 5 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve 6 Saphenous nerve 7 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 8 Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular and anterior tibiotalar parts) 9 Anterior tibiofibular ligament 10 Medial malleolus (tibia) 11 Tibiofibular syndesmosis 12 Talocrural joint 13 Lateral malleolus (fibula) 14 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 15 Posterior tibiofibular ligament 16 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 17 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 18 Posterior tibial artery and vein 19 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (and tendon) 20 Tibial nerve 21 Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein 22 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 23 Sural nerve 24 Triceps surae muscle (tendon) and plantaris muscle (tendon) 25 Small saphenous vein

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Leg, Axial 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 4 Dorsalis pedis artery and vein 5 Lateral tarsal artery 6 Deep fibular nerve 7 Dorsal talonavicular ligament and joint capsule 8 Great saphenous vein 9 Extensor retinaculum 10 Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular and anterior tibiotalar parts) 11 Anterior talofibular ligament 12 Talus 13 Talocrural joint 14 Medial malleolus (tibia) 15 Lateral malleolus (fibula) 16 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 17 Posterior talofibular ligament 18 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 19 Posterior tibiofibular ligament 20 Flexor retinaculum 21 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 22 Posterior tibial artery and vein 23 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (and tendon) 24 Tibial nerve 25 Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein 26 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 27 Sural nerve 28 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon 29 Small saphenous vein

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1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Dorsalis pedis artery 4 Dorsal talonavicular ligament 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 6 Great saphenous vein 7 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle (and tendon) 8 Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular part) 9 Talus 10 Deltoid ligament (anterior tibiotalar part) 11 Anterior talofibular ligament 12 Flexor retinaculum 13 Talocrural joint 14 Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) 15 Lateral malleolus (fibula) 16 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 17 Posterior talofibular ligament 18 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 19 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (and tendon) 20 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (and tendon) 21 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 22 Tibial nerve 23 Fibular (peroneal) artery and vein 24 Posterior tibial artery and vein 25 Sural nerve 26 Superior peroneal retinaculum 27 Small saphenous vein 28 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

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Leg, Axial 1 Dorsalis pedis artery 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Dorsal tarsal ligaments 4 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 6 Great saphenous vein 7 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 8 Navicular 9 Dorsal talonavicular ligament 10 Talonavicular joint 11 Talus (head) 12 Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular part) 13 Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament 14 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 15 Talus (neck) 16 Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal part) 17 Talus (body) 18 Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) 19 Calcaneofibular ligament 20 Flexor retinaculum 21 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 23 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 24 Tibial nerve 25 Superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum 26 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 27 Sural nerve 28 Posterior tibial artery and vein 29 Small saphenous vein 30 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

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1 Dorsalis pedis artery 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Intermediate cuneiform 4 Medial cuneiform 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 6 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 7 Talonavicular joint 8 Cuneonavicular joint 9 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 10 Great saphenous vein 11 Bifurcate ligament 12 Navicular 13 Talus (head) 14 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 15 Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament 16 Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal and tibionavicular parts) 17 Talus (body) 18 Flexor retinaculum 19 Calcaneofibular ligament 20 Talocalcaneal ligament (medial) 21 Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint 22 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 23 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 24 Talus (posterior process) 25 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 26 Tibial nerve 27 Peroneal retinaculum 28 Posterior tibial artery and vein 29 Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve 30 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 31 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon 32 Calcaneus

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Leg, Axial 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Metatarsal I (base) 3 Dorsalis pedis artery 4 Tarsometatarsal I joint 5 Intermediate cuneiform 6 Medial cuneiform 7 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 8 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 9 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 10 Great saphenous vein 11 Bifurcate ligament 12 Dorsal tarsal ligaments 13 Talus (head) 14 Navicular 15 Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament 16 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 17 Peroneus brevis muscle (tendon) 18 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) 19 Peroneus longus muscle (tendon) 20 Flexor retinaculum 21 Calcaneus 22 Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal part) 23 Inferior peroneal (fibular) retinaculum 24 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 25 Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve 26 Calcaneus (talar shelf) 27 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon 28 Tibial nerve 29 Posterior tibial artery and vein 30 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon)

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1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Metatarsal I (base) 3 Dorsalis pedis artery 4 First tarsometatarsal joint 5 Metatarsal II (base) 6 Medial cuneiform 7 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 8 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 9 Dorsal tarsal ligaments 10 Intermediate cuneiform 11 Lateral cuneiform 12 Navicular 13 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 14 Talus (head) 15 Bifurcate ligament 16 Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular part) 17 Calcaneus 18 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 19 Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament 20 Flexor retinaculum 21 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 23 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 24 Calcaneus (talar shelf) 25 Inferior peroneal (fibular) retinaculum 26 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 27 Calcaneal tuberosity 28 Medial plantar artery and vein 29 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon 30 Lateral plantar artery and vein 31 Tibial nerve

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Leg, Axial 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Metatarsal I (base) 3 Dorsalis pedis artery 4 Metatarsal II (base) 5 Dorsal interosseous muscles 6 Cuneometatarsal interosseous ligaments 7 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 8 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 9 Intermediate cuneiform 10 Medial cuneiform 11 Lateral cuneiform 12 Dorsal tarsal ligaments 13 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 14 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 15 Cuboid 16 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament, medioplantar part) 17 Navicular 18 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 19 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) 20 Calcaneus (talar shelf) 21 Long plantar ligament 22 Medial plantar artery and nerve 23 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 24 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 25 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 26 Flexor retinaculum 27 Inferior peroneal (fibular) retinaculum 28 Lateral plantar artery and vein 29 Calcaneus (calcaneal tuberosity) 30 Quadratus plantae muscle 31 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

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1 Dorsalis pedis artery 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Dorsal interosseous muscles 4 Metatarsal I (base) 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 6 Cuneometatarsal interosseous ligaments 7 Metatarsal II (base) 8 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 9 Intermediate cuneiform 10 Medial cuneiform 11 Lateral cuneiform 12 Plantar cuneonavicular ligament 13 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 14 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 15 Cuboid 16 Abductor hallucis muscle 17 Calcaneocuboid joint 18 Long plantar ligament 19 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 20 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 21 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 22 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 23 Inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum 24 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 25 Calcaneus 26 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 27 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon (attachment) 28 Quadratus plantae muscle 29 Flexor retinaculum

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Leg, Axial 1 Dorsalis pedis artery 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Dorsal interosseous muscles 4 Metatarsal I (base) 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 6 Abductor hallucis muscle 7 Metatarsal II (base) 8 Medial cuneiform 9 Metatarsal III (base) 10 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 11 Lateral cuneiform 12 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle 13 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 14 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 15 Cuboid 16 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 17 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 18 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 19 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 20 Quadratus plantae muscle 21 Inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum 22 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 23 Calcaneus 24 Flexor retinaculum 25 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon (attachment)

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1 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 2 Proximal phalanx I 3 Metatarsal II (shaft) 4 Joint capsule 5 Metatarsal III (base) 6 Metatarsal I 7 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 8 Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles 9 Lateral cuneiform 10 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle 11 Peroneus longus muscle (tendon) 12 Plantar arch 13 Cuboid 14 Medial cuneiform 15 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 16 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 17 Long plantar ligament 18 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 19 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 20 Medial plantar artery, and nerve 21 Quadratus plantae muscle 22 Abductor hallucis muscle 23 Calcaneus 24 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve

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Leg, Axial 1 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 2 Proximal phalanx I 3 Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles 4 Metacarpophalangeal joint 5 Adductor hallucis brevis muscle (oblique head) 6 Metatarsal I (head) 7 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 8 Joint capsule 9 Metatarsal IV (base) 10 Metatarsal II 11 Plantar arch 12 Plantar metatarsal artery, vein, and nerve 13 Lateral cuneiform 14 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial head) 15 Cuboid 16 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 17 Plantar digital V artery, vein, and nerve 18 Adductor hallucis brevis muscle 19 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 20 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 21 Long plantar ligament 22 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 23 Calcaneus (tuberosity) 24 Medial plantar artery, and nerve 25 Quadratus plantae muscle 26 Abductor hallucis muscle 27 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve

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1 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 2 Distal phalanx I 3 Plantar digital arteries 4 Proximal phalanx I 5 Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles 6 Plantar metatarsal artery and nerve 7 Adductor hallucis brevis muscle 8 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial head) 9 Lateral plantar artery and vein (superficial branch) and nerve 10 Abductor hallucis muscle (tendon) 11 Lateral plantar artery and vein (deep branch) 12 Metatarsals II–V 13 Fifth plantar digital artery, vein, and nerve 14 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 15 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 16 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 17 Cuboid 18 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 19 Long plantar ligament 20 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 21 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 22 Quadratus plantae muscle 23 Calcaneus (tuberosity) 24 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 25 Abductor hallucis muscle

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Leg, Axial 1 Distal phalanx IV 2 Adductor hallucis muscle (tendon attachment) 3 Distal interphalangeal joint 4 Abductor hallucis muscle (tendon attachment) 5 Middle phalanx IV 6 Common plantar digital artery, vein, and nerve 7 Proximal interphalangeal joint 8 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial head) 9 Proximal phalanx IV 10 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 11 Metacarpophalangeal IV joint 12 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 13 Metatarsal IV 14 Adductor hallucis brevis muscle 15 Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles 16 Medial plantar artery, and nerve (superficial branch) 17 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle 18 Lumbrical muscles 19 Opponens digiti minimi muscle 20 Medial plantar artery (deep branch) 21 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 22 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 23 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 24 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 25 Calcaneus (tuberosity)

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Flexor digitorum muscle (tendons) Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Distal phalanx V Sesamoid bones Fifth distal interphalangeal joint Adductor hallucis muscle (transverse head) Medial phalanx V Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) Fifth proximal interphalangeal joint Flexor hallucis brevis muscle Proximal phalanx V Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) Metatarsals II–IV (heads) Lumbrical muscles Dorsal and plantar interosseous muscles Medial plantar nerve (deep branch) Metatarsal V Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Opponens digiti minimi muscle Lateral plantar artery and vein Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Plantar aponeurosis Abductor digiti minimi muscle Calcaneus (tuberosity)

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Hip, Coronal 1 Small intestine 2 External oblique and internal oblique abdominal muscles 3 Anterior superior iliac spine 4 Transversus abdominis muscle 5 Uterus 6 Iliacus muscle 7 Ilium 8 Gluteus medius muscle 9 Femoral nerve 10 Iliopsoas muscle 11 Femoral artery and vein 12 Urinary bladder 13 Pubis 14 Tensor fasciae latae muscle 15 Lateral circumflex femoral artery (ascending branch) 16 Pectineus muscle 17 Rectus femoris muscle 18 Symphysis 19 Sartorius muscle 20 Adductor longus muscle 21 Vastus medialis muscle 22 Great saphenous vein 23 Vastus lateralis muscle

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Inferior vena cava Aorta (bifurcation) Small intestine External oblique and internal oblique abdominal muscles (Right) common iliac artery Transversus abdominis muscle Psoas muscle Anterior superior iliac spine Uterus Iliacus muscle Iliopsoas muscle Gluteus medius muscle Ilium Gluteus minimus muscle Roof of acetabulum Urinary bladder Hip joint Rectus femoris muscle (tendon) Femur (head) Superior glenoid labrum Iliofemoral ligament (transverse part) Iliotibial tract Iliofemoral ligament (descending part) Lateral circumflex femoral artery (ascending branch) Pectineus muscle Inferior glenoid labrum Obturator nerve Tensor fasciae latae muscle Gracilis muscle Deep artery of thigh Femoral nerve Pubis Adductor longus muscle Lateral circumflex femoral artery (descending branch) Femoral artery and vein (superficial) Adductor brevis muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Saphenous nerve Vastus intermedius muscle Sartorius muscle

Cranial (Proximal) Right

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Hip, Coronal 1 External oblique and internal oblique abdominal muscles 2 Lumbar vertebra IV 3 Transversus abdominis muscle 4 Psoas muscle 5 Small intestine 6 Anterior superior iliac spine 7 Lumbosacral trunk 8 Iliacus muscle 9 Sacral plexus 10 Left internal iliac artery 11 Ilium 12 Superior gluteal artery 13 Ovary 14 Sigmoid colon 15 Uterus 16 Gluteus medius muscle 17 Acetabulum 18 Gluteus minimus muscle 19 Urinary bladder 20 Hip joint 21 Femur (head) 22 Superior acetabular labrum 23 Obturator internus muscle 24 Iliofemoral ligament (transverse part) 25 Femur (neck) 26 Iliofemoral ligament (descending part) 27 Greater trochanter 28 Ligament of head of femur 29 Obturator externus muscle 30 Inferior acetabular labrum 31 Iliotibial tract 32 Lateral circumflex femoral artery (ascending branch) 33 Iliopsoas muscle 34 Joint capsule 35 Pectineus muscle 36 Obturator membrane 37 Pubis 38 Lateral circumflex femoral artery (descending branch) 39 Adductor brevis muscle 40 Obturator artery, vein, and nerve 41 Gracilis muscle 42 Vagina 43 Adductor longus muscle 44 Vastus intermedius muscle 45 Femur (shaft) 46 Deep femoral artery and vein 47 Vastus lateralis muscle 48 Superficial femoral artery, and vein, saphenous nerve 49 Vastus medialis muscle 50 Sartorius muscle

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1 External oblique and internal oblique muscles of abdomen 2 Fourth lumbar vertebra 3 Psoas muscle 4 Anterior superior iliac spine 5 Iliacus muscle 6 Sacral plexus and (left) internal iliac artery and vein 7 Gluteus medius muscle 8 Obturator nerve 9 Ovary and uterus 10 Urinary bladder 11 Gluteus minimus muscle 12 Hip joint 13 Acetabulum (roof) 14 Inferior glenoid labrum 15 Femur (head) 16 Superior glenoid labrum 17 Iliotibial tract 18 Iliofemoral ligament 19 Greater trochanter 20 Obturator internus muscle 21 Femur (neck) 22 Levator ani muscle 23 Vagina 24 Obturator externus muscle 25 Medial circumflex femoral artery 26 Iliopsoas muscle 27 Pubis 28 Obturator nerve 29 Deep transverse perineal muscle 30 Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein (descending branch) and femoral nerve (anterior cutaneous branch) 31 Pectineus muscle 32 Femur (shaft) 33 Gracilis muscle 34 Deep artery and vein of thigh 35 Adductor brevis muscle 36 Vastus intermedius muscle 37 Adductor longus muscle 38 Vastus lateralis muscle 39 (Superficial) Femoral artery and vein and saphenous nerve 40 Vastus medialis muscle

Cranial (Proximal) Right

Left Caudal (Distal)

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Hip, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Lumbar plexus Psoas muscle Iliac crest Superior gluteal artery and vein Iliacus muscle Sacrum Sacral plexus Sacro-iliac joint Ilium Gluteus medius muscle Uterus Inferior gluteal artery and vein Vagina Sigmoid colon Acetabulum (roof) Gluteus minimus muscle Zona orbicularis Gluteus maximus muscle Greater trochanter Urinary bladder Levator ani muscle Ischiofemoral ligament Intertrochanteric crest Femur (head) Obturator externus muscle Obturator internus muscle Lesser trochanter Medial circumflex femoral artery and vein Adductor minimus muscle Deep transverse perineal muscle Pubis (inferior ramus) Femur (shaft) Adductor brevis muscle Deep femoral artery and vein Adductor magnus muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Gracilis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Adductor brevis muscle

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Spinal canal Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Superior cluneal nerves Gluteus medius muscle Sacro-iliac ligament Sciatic nerve Ilium Piriformis muscle Sacro-iliac joint Inferior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve Sacrum (lateral mass) Gluteus maximus muscle Sigmoid colon Levator ani muscle Pudendal nerve Uterus Ischium Gemellus superior muscle Obturator internus muscle Greater trochanter Gemellus inferior muscle Intertrochanteric crest Quadratus femoris muscle Muscular nerve Adductor magnus muscle Iliotibial tract Gracilis muscle Vagina Sciatic nerve Vastus lateralis muscle

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Hip, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Multifidus muscle Spinous process Interspinal ligament Ilium Vertebral arch Sacro-iliac joint Superior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve Rectum Sacrum (lateral mass) Inferior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve Piriformis muscle Ischial spine Levator ani muscle Obturator internus muscle Sciatic nerve Ischial tuberosity Gluteus maximus muscle Adductor magnus muscle (attachment) Semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles (common tendon attachment) Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Semitendinosus muscle Adductor magnus muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Gracilis muscle

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Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Multifidus muscle Spinous process (of vertebra) Interspinal ligament Ilium Sacrum Sacrum (lateral mass) Superior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve Piriformis muscle Sacro-iliac joint Rectum Gluteus maximus muscle Levator ani muscle Inferior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve Sacrotuberous ligament Semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles (common tendon attachment) Ischial tuberosity Semimembranosus muscle Posterior cutaneous femoral nerve Adductor magnus muscle Gracilis muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head)

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Hip, Sagittal 1 External oblique and internal oblique abdominal muscles 2 Gluteus medius muscle 3 Transversus abdominis muscle 4 Gluteus maximus muscle 5 Anterior superior iliac spine 6 Greater trochanter 7 Sartorius muscle 8 Femur (neck) 9 Tensor fasciae latae muscle 10 Femur (shaft) 11 Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein 12 Medial circumflex femoral artery and vein 13 Rectus femoris muscle 14 Vastus intermedius muscle

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1 External oblique and internal oblique abdominal muscles 2 Ilium (wing) 3 Transversus abdominis muscle 4 Gluteus medius muscle 5 Iliopsoas muscle 6 Gluteus minimus muscle 7 Anterior superior iliac spine 8 Gluteus maximus muscle 9 Sartorius muscle 10 Obturator internus muscle and gemellus muscles 11 Femur (neck) 12 Greater trochanter 13 Iliopsoas muscle 14 Quadratus femoris muscle 15 Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein 16 Femur (shaft) 17 Rectus femoris muscle 18 Adductor magnus muscle (tendon attachment) 19 Vastus intermedius muscle 20 Vastus medialis muscle

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Hip, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Small intestine Gluteus medius muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Superior gluteal artery and vein Iliopsoas muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Ilium (roof of acetabulum) Superficial circumflex iliac artery Hip joint Gluteus maximus muscle Superior glenoid labrum Obturator internus muscle and gemellus muscles Femur (head) Medial circumflex femoral artery and veins Sartorius muscle Quadratus femoris muscle Lateral circumflex femoral artery (ascending branch) Lesser trochanter Rectus femoris muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Lateral circumflex femoral artery and veins (descending branch) Adductor brevis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Perforating artery and vein Femur (shaft) Adductor magnus muscle

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Small intestine Ilium Rectus abdominis muscle Gluteus medius muscle Iliopsoas muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Ilium (roof of acetabulum) Gluteus maximus muscle Hip joint Piriformis muscle Superior glenoid labrum Inferior glenoid labrum Femur (head) Obturator internus muscle and gemellus muscles Joint capsule Adductor minimus muscle Obturator externus muscle Inferior gluteal artery and vein Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein (ascending branch) Quadratus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Lesser trochanter Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein (descending branch) Sciatic nerve Pectineus muscle Adductor magnus muscle Rectus femoris muscle Biceps femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle

Proximal Ventral

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Hip, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Small intestine Gluteus medius muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Ilium Iliopsoas muscle Superior gluteal artery and vein Ilium (roof of acetabulum) Gluteus minimus muscle Hip joint Gluteus maximus muscle Superior glenoid labrum Superior gluteal artery and vein, inferior gluteal nerve Femur (head) Sciatic nerve Joint capsule Piriformis muscle Obturator externus muscle Obturator internus muscle and gemellus muscles Lateral circumflex femoris artery and vein (ascending branch) Obturator internus muscle (tendon) Pectineus muscle Gemellus inferior muscle Sartorius muscle Inferior glenoid labrum Adductor magnus muscle Ischium Deep artery and vein of thigh Semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles (tendon attachment) Perforating artery Quadratus femoris muscle Adductor brevis muscle Biceps femoris muscle (and tendon) Vastus medialis muscle

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Small intestine Gluteus medius muscle Ilium Gluteus maximus muscle Psoas muscle Superior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve Iliacus muscle Piriformis muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Sciatic nerve Ilium (roof of acetabulum) Gemellus superior muscle Acetabular fossa Inferior glenoid labrum Fovea Gemellus inferior muscle Femur (head) Obturator externus muscle Superior glenoid labrum Ischium Lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein Adductor minimus muscle Ischiofemoral ligament Quadratus femoris muscle Lateral circumflex femoral artery Adductor magnus muscle Pectineus muscle Biceps femoris muscle Superficial femoral artery and vein Adductor brevis muscle Sartorius muscle Deep artery and vein of thigh Vastus medialis muscle

Proximal Ventral

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Hip, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Small intestine Ilium Iliopsoas muscle Superior gluteal artery and veins Rectus abdominis muscle Sciatic nerve Internal iliac artery and vein Piriformis muscle Ilium (joint socket) Gemellus superior muscle Pectineus muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Obturator externus muscle Inferior gluteal artery and vein Femoral artery and vein Obturator internus muscle Adductor minimus muscle Gemellus inferior muscle Adductor magnus muscle Sacrotuberous ligament Adductor brevis muscle Ischial tuberosity Adductor longus muscle Biceps femoris muscle (common tendon) 25 (Superficial) Femoral artery and vein 26 Biceps femoris muscle 27 Sartorius muscle

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Psoas muscle Ilium (wing) Small intestine (ileum) Sacral plexus Iliacus muscle Piriformis muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Gluteus maximus muscle Obturator artery and nerve Gemellus superior muscle Obturator internus muscle Superior gluteal artery and vein and inferior gluteal nerve Femoral artery and vein Gemellus inferior muscle Pubis Sacrotuberous ligament Pectineus muscle Adductor minimus muscle Obturator externus muscle Ischial tuberosity Adductor brevis muscle Adductor magnus muscle Adductor longus muscle Semimembranosus muscle (Superficial) Femoral artery Semitendinosus muscle Sartorius muscle

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Knee, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Suprapatellar fat pad Base of patella Patella (body) Lateral patellar retinaculum Medial patellar retinaculum Patella (apex) Infrapatellar fat pad Femoral nerve (anterior cutaneous branches) 10 Patellar ligament

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Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Vastus lateralis muscle (tendon) Suprapatellar fat pad Patella Descending genicular artery Lateral patellar retinaculum Joint capsule (knee) Femoropatellar joint Medial patellar retinaculum Femur (lateral condyle) Femur (medial condyle) Inferior lateral genicular artery Saphenous nerve (infrapatellar branch) Patellar ligament Infrapatellar fat pad

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Knee, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Suprapatellar fat pad Genicular anastomosis Suprapatellar bursa Iliotibial tract Medial patellar retinaculum Femur (lateral condyle) Femur (medial condyle) Lateral patellar retinaculum Infrapatellar fat pad Patellar ligament Tibia (tuberosity)

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1 Superior lateral genicular artery and veins 2 Vastus medialis muscle 3 Vastus lateralis muscle 4 Superior medial genicular artery and veins 5 Genicular anastomosis 6 Femur (shaft) 7 Iliotibial tract 8 Medial collateral ligament 9 Lateral femoral condyle 10 Medial femoral condyle 11 Lateral meniscus (anterior horn) 12 Descending genicular vein (articular branches) 13 Lateral tibial condyle 14 Medial meniscus (anterior horn) 15 Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein 16 Medial tibial condyle 17 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle 18 Inferior medial genicular artery and vein 19 Extensor digitorum longus muscle 20 Tibia (shaft) 21 Tibialis anterior muscle

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Knee, Coronal 1 Vastus lateralis muscle 2 Femur (shaft) 3 Superior lateral genicular artery and veins 4 Vastus medialis muscle 5 Iliotibial tract 6 Superior medial genicular artery and vein 7 Lateral femoral condyle 8 Medial collateral ligament 9 Popliteus muscle (tendon) 10 Intercondylar fossa 11 Transverse ligament of knee 12 Anterior cruciate ligament 13 Lateral meniscus (intermediate portion) 14 Medial femoral condyle 15 Lateral tibial condyle 16 Medial meniscus (intermediate portion) 17 Anterior ligament of fibular head 18 Medial intercondylar tubercle 19 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle 20 Medial tibial condyle 21 Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein 22 Inferior medial genicular artery and vein 23 Extensor digitorum longus muscle 24 Pes anserinus (superficial) 25 Anterior tibial recurrent artery and vein 26 Tibia (shaft) 27 Tibialis anterior muscle

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Vastus lateralis muscle Femur (shaft) Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Vastus medialis muscle Iliotibial tract Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Anterior cruciate ligament Superior medial genicular artery and vein Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Lateral femoral condyle Intercondylar fossa Lateral intercondylar tubercle Medial collateral ligament Popliteus muscle (tendon) Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral meniscus (intermediate portion) Medial femoral condyle Lateral tibial condyle Medial intercondylar tubercle Tibia (shaft) Medial meniscus (intermediate portion) Fibula (head) Medial tibial condyle Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Inferior medial genicular artery and vein Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Pes anserinus (superficial) Anterior tibial recurrent artery and vein Semimembranosus muscle (tibial attachment, deep pes anserinus) Extensor digitorum longus muscle Popliteus muscle (tibial attachment) Tibialis anterior muscle

Proximal Lateral

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Knee, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Vastus lateralis muscle Popliteal artery Superior lateral genicular artery Sartorius muscle Medial genicular artery Vastus medialis muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head, femoral attachment) Superior medial genicular artery and vein Plantaris muscle (tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Iliotibial tract Adductor magnus muscle (tendon attachment) Lateral femoral condyle Medial collateral ligament Anterior cruciate ligament Medial femoral condyle Popliteus muscle (tendon) Intercondylar fossa Lateral intercondylar tubercle Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral meniscus (posterior horn) Medial intercondylar tubercle Fibular collateral ligament Medial meniscus (posterior horn) Lateral tibial condyle Medial tibial condyle Tibiofibular joint Pes anserinus (superficial) Fibula (head) Inferior medial genicular artery and vein Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Semimembranous muscle (tibial attachment, deep pes anserinus) Tibialis posterior muscle Popliteus muscle

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Vastus lateralis muscle Sartorius muscle Biceps femoris muscle Popliteal artery and vein Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head, femoral attachment) Great saphenous vein Plantaris muscle (tendon attachment) Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, femoral attachment) Anterior cruciate ligament Joint capsule Femur (lateral condyle) Intercondylar fossa Popliteus muscle (tendon) Femur (medial condyle) Posterior meniscofemoral ligament (Ligament of Wrisberg) Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral meniscus (posterior horn) Medial meniscus (posterior horn) Lateral intercondylar tuberosity Tibia (medial head) Tibia (lateral head) Gracilis muscle (tendon) Collateral fibular ligament Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Tibiofibular joint (proximal) Pes anserinus (superficial) Fibula (head) Inferior medial genicular artery and vein Popliteus muscle Semimembranosus muscle (tibial attachment, pes anserinus profundus) Peroneus longus muscle Saphenous nerve Tibialis posterior muscle

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Knee, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Biceps femoris muscle Gracilis muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Popliteal artery and vein Sural arteries and veins Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, femoral attachment) Plantaris muscle Saphenous nerve (branch) Lateral femoral condyle Medial femoral condyle Iliotibial tract Joint capsule Arcuate popliteal ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Lateral tibial condyle Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Popliteus muscle Medial tibial condyle Fibular collateral ligament Saphenous nerve Fibular collateral ligament Semimembranosus muscle (tibial attachment, deep pes anserinus) Fibula (head) Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery (circumflex fibular branch) Plantaris muscle (tendon) Soleus muscle

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Biceps femoris muscle Semimembranosus muscle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Gracilis muscle Tibial nerve Popliteal artery and vein Iliotibial tract Saphenous nerve Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Plantaris muscle (and tendon) Popliteus muscle Soleus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head)

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Knee, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Biceps femoris muscle Gracilis muscle Common peroneal (fibular) nerve Semimembranosus muscle Tibial nerve Saphenous nerve Popliteal artery and vein Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Small saphenous vein Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Soleus muscle

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Biceps femoris muscle Semitendinosus muscle Common peroneal (fibular) nerve Semimembranosus muscle Tibial nerve Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Popliteal artery Small saphenous vein Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Soleus muscle

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Vastus lateralis muscle Iliotibial tract Lateral patellar retinaculum Biceps femoris muscle Joint capsule Femur (lateral condyle) Lateral meniscus (intermediate portion) Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Tibia (lateral head) Lateral collateral ligament Anterior ligament of fibular head Common peroneal nerve Fibula (head) Posterior ligament of fibular head Extensor digitorum longus muscle Tibiofibular joint (proximal) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Soleus muscle

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Vastus lateralis muscle Iliotibial tract Blood vessels to genicular anastomosis Biceps femoris muscle Lateral patellar retinaculum Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Femur (lateral condyle) Lateral joint recess Inferior lateral genicular artery Joint capsule Femur (lateral condyle, joint cartilage) Popliteus muscle (tendon) Lateral meniscus (intermediate portion) Plantaris muscle (and tendon attachment) Lateral tibial condyle Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Anterior ligament of fibular head Posterior ligament of fibular head Extensor digitorum longus muscle Tibiofibular joint Tibialis anterior muscle Fibula (head) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle Soleus muscle

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Vastus lateralis muscle Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Vastus intermedius muscle Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Lateral patellar retinaculum (longitudinal) Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Lateral patellar retinaculum (transverse) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Femur (lateral condyle) Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Knee joint Lateral meniscus (posterior horn) Lateral meniscus (anterior horn) Plantaris muscle Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Popliteus muscle (with tendon) Lateral tibial condyle Tibiofibular joint (proximal) Anterior tibial artery Fibula (head) Tibialis posterior muscle Soleus muscle Tibialis anterior muscle Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle

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Vastus lateralis muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Quadriceps tendon Biceps femoris muscle (short head) Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Biceps femoris muscle (long head) Suprapatellar bursa Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Patella Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Femur (lateral condyle) Joint capsule Patellar ligament Plantaris muscle Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Lateral meniscus (anterior horn) Lateral meniscus (posterior horn) Lateral condyle of tibia Popliteus muscle Tibial tuberosity Soleus muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Anterior tibial artery

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Vastus lateralis muscle Semimembranosus muscle Vastus intermedius muscle Biceps femoris muscle Femur (shaft) Sciatic nerve Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Suprapatellar bursa Joint capsule Patella Femur (lateral condyle) Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Patellar ligament Lateral meniscus (posterior horn) Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Plantaris muscle Transverse genicular ligament Popliteus muscle Lateral meniscus (anterior horn) Anterior tibial artery Tibia (head) Soleus muscle Tibial tuberosity Tibialis posterior muscle

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Vastus medialis muscle Biceps femoris muscle Quadriceps tendon Semimembranosus muscle Suprapatellar bursa Femur (shaft) Patellar anastomosis Superior lateral genicular artery and vein Patella Popliteal vein Femur (lateral condyle) Joint capsule Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Anterior cruciate ligament (femoral attachment) Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Tibial nerve Transverse ligament of knee Popliteal artery Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Oblique popliteal ligament Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa Lateral meniscus (posterior horn, inner attachment) Patellar ligament Plantaris muscle Posterior cruciate ligament (tibial origin) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Tibia (head) Popliteus muscle Deep infrapatellar bursa Soleus muscle Tibial tuberosity

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Femur (shaft) Vastus medialis muscle Quadriceps muscle Semimembranosus muscle Suprapatellar bursa Popliteal artery Patellar anastomosis Popliteal vein Patella Joint capsule Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Femur (intercondylar part) Anterior cruciate ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Tibial nerve Inferior lateral genicular artery and vein Posterior cruciate ligament Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa Medial intercondylar tubercle Transverse ligament of knee Plantaris muscle Patellar ligament Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Tibia (head) Popliteus muscle Deep infrapatellar bursa Soleus muscle

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Rectus femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle Semimembranosus muscle Femur (shaft) Popliteal artery Suprapatellar bursa Superior medial genicular artery and vein Patella Joint capsule Prepatellar bursa (subcutaneous) Deep fascia of leg Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Anterior cruciate ligament Femur (medial condyle) Transverse genicular ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Patellar ligament Medial intercondylar tuberosity Tibia (head) Tibial nerve Deep infrapatellar bursa Plantaris muscle Popliteus muscle Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Tibia (shaft)

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Rectus femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Quadriceps tendon Superficial femoral artery Suprapatellar bursa Semimembranosus muscle Patellar anastomosis Femur (shaft) Patella Superior medial genicular artery and vein Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Joint capsule Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Femur (medial condyle) Transverse ligament of knee Posterior cruciate ligament Patellar ligament Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Medial intercondylar tubercle of tibial condyle Posterior meniscofemoral ligament (Ligament of Wrisberg) Deep infrapatellar bursa Inferior medial genicular artery and vein Popliteus muscle Tibial nerve Tibia (shaft) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head)

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Rectus femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Quadriceps tendon Semitendinosus muscle Suprapatellar bursa Femur (shaft) Superior medial genicular arteries Semimembranosus muscle Patellar anastomosis Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head and tendon attachment) Patella Deep fascia of leg Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Joint capsule Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Femur (medial condyle) Patellar ligament Posterior cruciate ligament (attachment) Transverse ligament of knee Medial meniscus (posterior horn, inner attachment) Medial tibial condyle Inferior medial genicular artery and vein Deep infrapatellar bursa Popliteus muscle Sartorius muscle (attachment, part of superficial pes anserinus) Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head)

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Rectus femoris muscle Vastus medialis muscle Femur (shaft) Semitendinosis muscle Quadriceps tendon Semimembranosus muscle Suprapatellar bursa Superior medial genicular artery and vein Patella Deep fascia of leg Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Posterior cruciate ligament (attachment) Infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad Joint capsule Femur (medial condyle) Medial meniscus (posterior horn) Patellar ligament Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) Transverse ligament of knee Inferior medial genicular artery and vein Deep infrapatellar bursa Popliteus muscle Medial condyle of tibia Gastrocnemius muscle (lateral head) Sartorius muscle (tendon attachment, part of superficial pes anserinus)

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1 Vastus medialis muscle 2 Semimembranosus muscle and semitendinosus muscle (tendon) 3 Superior medial genicular artery and vein 4 Medial subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius 5 Medial patellar retinaculum 6 Deep fascia of leg 7 Suprapatellar bursa 8 Popliteal fossa 9 Patella 10 Joint capsule 11 Femur (medial condyle) 12 Medial meniscus (posterior horn) 13 Medial patellar retinaculum 14 Oblique popliteal ligament 15 Medial meniscus (anterior horn) 16 Medial tibial condyle 17 Knee joint 18 Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head) 19 Sartorius muscle (attachment, part of superficial pes anserinus) 20 Inferior medial genicular artery and vein 21 Pes anserinus (superficial part)

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Knee, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Vastus medialis muscle Saphenous nerve Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) Sartorius muscle Superior medial genicular artery and vein Semimembranosus muscle (and tendon) Femur (medial condyle) Joint capsule Medial patellar retinaculum Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) Medial meniscus (anterior horn) Medial meniscus (posterior horn) Medial meniscus (intermediate portion) Pes anserinus (deep part) Medial tibial condyle Pes anserinus (superficial part) Sartorius muscle (attachment, part of superficial pes anserinus) Anserine bursa Gracilis muscle (attachment, part of superficial pes anserinus) Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head)

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1 Vastus medialis muscle 2 Sartorius muscle 3 Superior medial genicular artery and vein 4 Adductor magnus muscle (tendon) 5 Joint capsule 6 Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head, tendon attachment) 7 Femur (medial condyle) 8 Semitendinosus muscle (tendon) 9 Medial patellar retinaculum 10 Tibia (medial condyle, medial head) 11 Medial meniscus (intermediate portion) 12 Semimembranosus muscle (tendon attachment, pes anserinus profundus) 13 Sartorius muscle (tendon attachment, part of the pes anserinus superficialis) 14 Pes anserinus superficialis 15 Gracilis muscle (tendon attachment, part of pes anserinus superficialis) 16 Gastrocnemius muscle (medial head)

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Foot, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Posterior tibial artery and vein Flexor hallucis longus muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle Small saphenous vein Tibial nerve Sural nerve Quadratus plantae muscle Calcaneus Abductor hallucis muscle Plantar aponeurosis

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Foot, Coronal

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Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Lateral plantar nerve Fibula Medial plantar nerve Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Posterior tibial artery Talus Posterior tibial vein Calcaneus Quadratus plantae muscle Sural nerve with accompanying blood vessels Abductor hallucis muscle Abductor digiti minimi muscle Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Plantar aponeurosis

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Foot, Coronal 1 Flexor hallucis longus muscle 2 Tibialis posterior muscle 3 Fibular artery (communicating branch) and vein 4 Posterior tibial artery (communicating branch) and vein 5 Fibular artery 6 Tibia 7 Fibula 8 Talocrural joint (upper ankle joint) 9 Dorsal capsule 10 Deltoid ligament 11 Talus 12 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 13 Posterior talofibular ligament 14 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 15 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 16 Subtalar joint 17 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 18 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 19 Calcaneus 20 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 21 Sural nerve with accompanying vessels 22 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 23 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 24 Quadratus plantae muscle 25 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 26 Abductor hallucis muscle 27 Plantar aponeurosis

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Flexor hallucis longus muscle Great saphenous vein Fibula Tibia Talus Talocrural joint (upper ankle joint) Talofibular joint Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) Posterior talofibular ligament Subtalar joint Calcaneofibular ligament Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor retinaculum Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Calcaneus Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Sural nerve with accompanying vessels Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve Abductor digiti minimi muscle Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Quadratus plantae muscle Plantar aponeurosis Abductor hallucis muscle

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Foot, Coronal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Extensor digitorum longus muscle Great saphenous vein Tibia Medial malleolus Talocrural joint Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) Talus Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal part) Fibula (lateral malleolus) Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) Calcaneofibular ligament Flexor retinaculum Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Sural nerve with accompanying vessels Quadratus plantae muscle Calcaneus Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve Long plantar ligament Abductor hallucis muscle Abductor digiti minimi muscle Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Plantar aponeurosis

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Extensor digitorum longus muscle Tibia Talocrural joint (upper ankle joint) Great saphenous vein Dorsal cutaneous nerve Medial malleolus Talus Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) Anterior talofibular ligament Flexor retinaculum Calcaneus Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal part) Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Sural nerve with accompanying blood vessels Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Long plantar ligament Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve Abductor digiti minimi muscle Quadratus plantae muscle Plantar aponeurosis Abductor hallucis muscle Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Flexor digitorum brevis muscle

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Foot, Coronal 1 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (and tendon) 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle 3 Deep fibular nerve 4 Posterior tibial artery 5 Tibia 6 Great saphenous vein 7 Talus 8 Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal part) 9 Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament 10 Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular part) 11 Calcaneus 12 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 13 Quadratus plantae muscle 14 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) 15 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 16 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 17 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 18 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 19 Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve 20 Abductor hallucis muscle 21 Long plantar ligament 22 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 23 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 24 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 25 Plantar aponeurosis 26 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle

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Foot, Coronal

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Extensor hallucis longus muscle Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) Anterior tibial artery Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve Extensor digitorum longus muscle Great saphenous vein Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (cutaneous branch) Tarsal artery (medial) Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) Talus Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) Calcaneus Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular part) Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) Long plantar ligament Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Abductor hallucis muscle Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Quadratus plantae muscle Abductor digiti minimi muscle Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Plantar aponeurosis

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Foot, Coronal 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 4 Anterior tibial artery 5 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (medial branch) 6 Deltoid ligament (anterior tibiotalar part) 7 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle 8 Great saphenous vein 9 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral branch) 10 Talus 11 Calcaneus and bifurcate ligament 12 Navicular 13 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 14 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) 15 Cuboid 16 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 17 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 18 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 19 Quadratus plantae muscle 20 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 21 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Abductor hallucis muscle 23 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 24 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 25 Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve 26 Long plantar ligament 27 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 28 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 29 Plantar aponeurosis 30 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle

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1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 4 Anterior tibial artery 5 Navicular 6 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle 7 Dorsal tarsal ligaments 8 Great saphenous vein 9 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 10 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 11 Cuboid 12 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 13 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 14 Abductor hallucis muscle 15 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 16 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 17 Metatarsal V (base) 18 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 19 Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) 20 Quadratus plantae muscle 21 Plantar interossei muscles 22 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 23 Long plantar ligament 24 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 25 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 26 Plantar aponeurosis

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Medial Plantar

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Foot, Coronal 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Anterior tibial artery 3 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 4 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 6 Intermediate cuneiform 7 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 8 Great saphenous vein 9 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral branch) 10 Medial cuneiform 11 Lateral cuneiform 12 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon attachment) 13 Dorsal tarsal ligaments 14 Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch) 15 Cuboid 16 Abductor hallucis muscle 17 Metatarsal IV (base) 18 Medial plantar septum 19 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 20 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) and deep plantar arch 21 Long plantar ligament 22 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 23 Quadratus plantae muscle 24 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle 25 Metatarsal V (base) 26 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 27 Plantar interossei muscles 28 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 29 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle 30 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 31 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 32 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 33 Plantar aponeurosis

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Foot, Coronal 1

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1 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle 4 Anterior tibial artery 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 6 Intermediate cuneiform 7 Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral branch) 8 Great saphenous vein 9 Lateral cuneiform 10 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 11 Metatarsal II (base) 12 Medial cuneiform 13 Metatarsal III (base) 14 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 15 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) 16 Abductor hallucis muscle 17 Long plantar ligament 18 Deep plantar arch 19 Metatarsal IV (base) 20 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head and tendon) 21 Extensor digiti minimi brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 23 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 24 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial head) 25 Metatarsal V (base) 26 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve (superficial branch) 27 Opponens digiti minimi muscle 28 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 29 Plantar interossei muscles 30 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 31 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 32 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 33 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle 34 Plantar aponeurosis

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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Foot, Coronal 1 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Metatarsal II (base) 4 Metatarsal I (base) 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle (tendons) 6 Metatarsal III (base) 7 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle (tendons) 8 Plantar metatarsal arteries 9 Plantar interossei muscles 10 Perforating vein (of first dorsal interosseous muscle) 11 Extensor digiti minimi brevis muscle (tendon) 12 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (attachment) 13 Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch) and plantar metatarsal arteries 14 Abductor hallucis muscle 15 Metatarsal V (base) 16 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 17 Opponens digiti minimi muscle 18 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 19 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle 20 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 21 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 22 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendons) 23 Proper plantar digital artery, vein, and nerve 24 Plantar aponeurosis 25 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle (and tendons)

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22

17

24

19

25

21 23

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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Foot, Coronal 2

1

4

3

6

5 9

5 8 10

11

12

7

13

14

15

16

17

18 20

19

22

21

24

23 25 27

26 28 30

29 31 33

32 34

1 Extensor digitorum longus II muscle (tendon) 2 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum brevis II muscle (tendon) 4 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 5 Dorsal metatarsal arteries and veins 6 Dorsal venous arch of foot 7 Extensor digitorum longus III muscle (tendon) 8 Dorsal digital nerve I 9 Extensor digitorum longus IV muscle (tendon) 10 Metatarsal I (base) 11 Extensor digitorum brevis III muscle (tendon) 12 Plantar digital nerve I 13 Dorsal digital nerve of foot 14 Plantar metatarsal artery and vein (deep branch of dorsal interosseous I muscle) 15 Extensor digitorum brevis IV muscle (tendon) 16 Abductor hallucis muscle 17 Extensor digitorum longus V muscle (tendon) 18 Plantar metatarsal arteries and veins 19 Dorsal and plantar interossei muscles 20 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 21 Extensor digitorum brevis V muscle (tendon) 22 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 23 Dorsal digital cutaneous nerve of foot 24 Plantar digital artery and vein proper and proper plantar digital nerve 25 Small saphenous vein (branch) 26 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 27 Metatarsals II–V 28 Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch) and plantar metatarsal arteries 29 Opponens digiti minimi muscle 30 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (and tendons) 31 Abductor digiti minimi muscle (and tendon) 32 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle (and tendons) 33 Extensor digiti minimi brevis muscle 34 Plantar aponeurosis

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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Foot, Coronal 1 Extensor digitorum longus muscle II (tendon) 2 Dorsal venous arch of foot 3 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle II (tendon) 4 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 5 Extensor digitorum longus muscle III (tendon) 6 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 7 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle III (tendon) 8 Dorsal metatarsal arteries and veins 9 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle IV (tendon) 10 Metatarsal I 11 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle IV (tendon) 12 Plantar metatarsal artery and vein (perforating branch of first dorsal interosseous muscle) 13 Extensor digitorum longus muscle V (tendons) 14 Abductor hallucis muscle 15 Extensor digitorum brevis muscle V (tendon) 16 Proper plantar digital arteries, veins, and nerve 17 Dorsal digital cutaneous nerve of foot 18 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 19 Small saphenous vein 20 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 21 Metatarsals 22 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 23 Dorsal and plantar interossei muscles 24 Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch) and plantar metatarsal arteries 25 Abductor digiti minimi muscle (attachment) 26 Flexor digitorum longus and brevis muscles (tendons) 27 Extensor digiti minimi brevis muscle (tendon) 28 Adductor hallucis muscle (transverse head)

2 4 6

1

8

3

10

5

12

7

14

9

16

11

18

13

20

15

22

17

24

19

26

21 23

28

25 27 16

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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Foot, Coronal 2 4 6

1 3

8

5

10 12

7

14

9

16

11

18

13

20

15

22 24

17 19

26

21 23 25

1 Extensor digitorum longus II muscle (tendon) 2 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 3 Extensor digitorum brevis II muscle (tendon) 4 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 5 Extensor digitorum longus III muscle (tendon) 6 Dorsal metatarsal arteries and veins 7 Extensor digitorum brevis III muscle (tendon) 8 Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve I 9 Extensor digitorum longus IV muscle (tendon) 10 Dorsal digital nerves of foot 11 Extensor digitorum brevis IV muscle (tendon) 12 Metatarsal I (head) 13 Extensor digiti minimi longus muscle (tendon) 14 Metatarsals II–V 15 Extensor digiti minimi brevis muscle (tendon) 16 Dorsal and plantar interossei muscles 17 Abductor digiti minimi muscle (tendon attachment) 18 Abductor hallucis muscle (tendon) 19 Flexor digiti minimi longus muscle (tendon) 20 Adductor hallucis muscle (tendon) 21 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (tendon) 22 Sesamoid bones 23 Plantar digital artery and vein proper and proper plantar digital nerve 24 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 25 Flexor digitorum longus and brevis muscles (tendons) 26 Adductor hallucis muscle (transverse head)

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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272

Foot, Coronal 1 Extensor digitorum longus II muscle (tendon) 2 Joint capsule 3 Extensor digitorum brevis II muscle (tendon) 4 Extensor hallucis brevis muscle (tendon) 5 Dorsal digital nerves of foot 6 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 7 Extensor digitorum longus III muscle (tendon) 8 Metatarsal I (head) 9 Extensor digitorum brevis III muscle (tendon) 10 Collateral ligament 11 Dorsal metatarsal arteries and veins 12 Abductor hallucis muscle (tendon) 13 Extensor digitorum longus IV muscle (tendon) 14 Sesamoid ligaments 15 Extensor digitorum brevis IV muscle (tendon) 16 Adductor hallucis muscle (tendon) 17 Abductor digiti minimi muscle (tendon attachment) 18 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 19 Proximal phalanx V 20 Plantar digital artery and vein proper and proper plantar digital nerve 21 Metatarsals II–IV (heads) 22 Plantar ligaments 23 Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (tendon) 24 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 25 Flexor digiti minimi longus muscle (tendon) 26 Flexor digitorum brevis (tendon) 27 Plantar interossei muscles (tendons) 28 Deep transverse metatarsal ligament

2 4 6

1

8

3

10

5

11

7 9

12

11

14

13

16

15

18

17 19 21

20

23

22

25

24

27

26

28

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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273

Foot, Coronal 3

1

2

4

6

5 8 7

10

9

12

10 11

13

14

10

13

1 Proximal phalanx II 2 Extensor digitorum II muscle (aponeurosis) 3 Extensor digitorum III muscle (aponeurosis) 4 Dorsal digital artery, vein, and nerve of foot 5 Collateral ligament 6 Extensor hallucis muscle (aponeurosis) 7 Mesotendon 8 Proximal phalanx I 9 Proximal interphalangeal joint IV 10 Plantar digital artery and vein proper and proper plantar digital nerve 11 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 12 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 13 Synovial sheath and joint capsule with capsule ligaments 14 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle (tendon)

Dorsal Lateral

Medial Plantar

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Foot, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Dorsal metatarsal ligaments Distal phalanx IV Dorsal interosseous muscle Distal interphalangeal joint IV Metatarsal III (base) Middle phalanx IV Lateral cuneiform Proximal interphalangeal joint IV Cuneocuboid interosseous ligament Proximal phalanx IV Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Metatarsophalangeal joint IV Cuboid Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Bifurcate ligament Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Calcaneocuboid joint Plantar interosseous muscle Calcaneus Metatarsal IV Extensor digitorum longus muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Anterior lateral malleolar artery Tarsometatarsal joint IV Fibula Metatarsal V (base) Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle (tendon) Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Calcaneofibular ligament Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot) Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon)

1

2

3

4

6

5

8

9

11

10 12 14 16 18

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

7

Posterior Distal Plantar

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13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

20

22

24

26

28

30

Foot, Sagittal 1

3

5

7

9

11

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20 22 24

26 28

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Dorsal metatarsal ligaments Metatarsal III Cuneocuboid interosseous ligament Metatarsal IV (head) Lateral cuneiform Flexor digitorum longus muscle Dorsal tarsal ligaments Dorsal and plantar interossei muscles Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Metatarsal IV (base) Bifurcate ligament Deep plantar arch Talus Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Anterior talofibular ligament Cuboid Tibia Calcaneocuboid joint Tibiofibular syndesmosis (anterior tibiofibular ligament) Plantar aponeurosis Fibula Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Posterior talofibular ligament Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot) Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Long plantar ligament Subtalar joint Calcaneus

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

Posterior Distal Plantar

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276

Foot, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Interossei muscles Distal phalanx III Metatarsal II (base) Distal interphalangeal joint III Metatarsal III (base) Middle phalanx III Intermediate cuneiform Proximal interphalangeal joint III (PIP) Lateral cuneiform Extensor digiti III muscle (tendon) Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Proximal phalanx III Calcaneocuboid joint Metatarsophalangeal joint III Lateral tarsal artery Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament Metatarsal III (head) Talus Lumbrical muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Dorsalis pedis artery Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) Tibia Deep plantar arch Talocrural joint Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Subtalar joint (posterior inferior ankle joint) Cuboid Posterior talofibular ligament Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Flexor hallucis longus muscle Long plantar ligament Peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscle Plantar aponeurosis Small saphenous vein Abductor digiti minimi muscle Calcaneus

1

2

3

5

4

7

6

8

9

11

10 12 14 16 18

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

Posterior Distal Plantar

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20

22

24

26 28 30 32 34 36 38

Foot, Sagittal 1

3

5

7

9

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

31

33

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

2

4

6

8

10

12 14 16 18 20

22

24

26

28 30 32 34 36

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Plantar interossei muscles Metatarsal II Extensor digiti II muscle (tendon) Metatarsal II (head) Tarsometatarsal joint II Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Intermediate cuneiform Adductor hallucis muscle (transverse head) Lateral cuneiform Lumbrical muscle Dorsal tarsal ligaments Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) Navicular Deep plantar arch Dorsalis pedis artery Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Dorsal talonavicular ligament Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Bifurcate ligament Cuboid Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament Calcaneocuboid joint Extensor digitorum longus muscle Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) Talocrural joint Long plantar ligament Tibia Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Talus Abductor digiti minimi muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Plantar aponeurosis Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneus Subtalar joint Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

Posterior Distal Plantar

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278

Foot, Sagittal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

Dorsal and plantar interossei muscles Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges II Metatarsal I (base) Extensor digitorum muscle (tendon) Cuneonavicular joint Metatarsal II (head) Navicular Adductor hallucis muscle (transverse head) Talonavicular joint Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Talonavicular ligament Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) Medial tarsal artery Medial cuneiform Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament Intermediate cuneiform Anterior medial malleolar artery Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon) Talus Deep plantar arch Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Quadratus plantae muscle Tibia Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) Talocrural joint Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Plantar aponeurosis Flexor hallucis longus muscle Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve Posterior talofibular ligament Abductor digiti minimi muscle Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Subtalar joint Pre-Achilles fat pad Calcaneus

1

3

2

5

4

6

7

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

8

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

Posterior Distal Plantar

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29 31

33

35

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Foot, Sagittal 1

3

2

5

4

6

7

9

8

10

11 13 15 17 19

12

14

16

18

21 23 25 27

20

22 24

29

26

31

28

30

1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Metatarsal I (head) 3 Medial cuneiform 4 Lateral sesamoid 5 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 6 Lumbrical muscles 7 Navicular 8 Plantar interosseous muscle 9 Dorsal talonavicular ligament 10 Abductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 11 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) 12 Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique head) 13 Tibialis anterior muscle (tendon) 14 Metatarsal I (base) 15 Plantar talonavicular ligament 16 Peroneus (fibularis) longus muscle (tendon attachment) 17 Talocalcaneal interosseous ligament 18 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 19 Talus 20 Plantar aponeurosis 21 Tibia 22 Flexor digitorum brevis muscle 23 Tibialis posterior muscle 24 Quadratus plantae muscle 25 Flexor hallucis longus muscle 26 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 27 Posterior talofibular ligament 28 Abductor digiti minimi muscle 29 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 30 Calcaneus (tuberosity) 31 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

Posterior Distal Plantar

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279

280

Foot, Sagittal 1 Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 2 Distal phalanx I 3 Metatarsal I 4 Proximal phalanx I 5 Medial cuneiform 6 Sesamoid bone 7 Tibialis anterior muscle 8 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (lateral head) 9 Navicular 10 Plantar aponeurosis 11 Talonavicular ligament 12 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 13 Calcaneus 14 Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial head) 15 Talus 16 Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) 17 Tibia 18 Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) 19 Tibialis posterior muscle 20 Medial plantar artery, vein, and nerve 21 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 22 Lateral plantar artery, vein, and nerve 23 Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) 24 Abductor hallucis muscle 25 Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) 26 Quadratus plantae muscle 27 Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) 28 Plantar aponeurosis (calcaneal attachment) 29 Calcaneal anastomosis 30 Calcaneus (tuberosity) 31 Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

1

2

3

4

5

7

6

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

Posterior Distal Plantar

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9

8

11

10 12

13

15

14 16 18

17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

20

22

24

26

28

30

Foot, Sagittal 1

3

5

7

9

11 13 15 17 19 21

1 2 3 4 5 6

23

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

20 21 22 23 24

Medial tarsal arteries Distal phalanx I Medial cuneiform Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Navicular Extensor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Dorsalis pedis vein (to great saphenous vein) Proximal phalanx I Talus Metatarsal I (head) Deltoid ligament (anterior tibiotalar part) Plantar aponeurosis Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular part) Medial plantar artery and nerve (superficial branch) Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal part) Flexor hallucis brevis muscle Tibia (medial malleolus) Abductor hallucis muscle Deltoid ligament (posterior tibiotalar part) Tibialis posterior muscle (tendon) Posterior tibial artery (medial malleolar branches) Flexor hallucis longus muscle (tendon) Flexor digitorum longus muscle (tendon) Calcaneus

Proximal Dorsal Anterior

Posterior Distal Plantar

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283

Index

A acetabulum, roof of 13, 215–218, 224–227 acromion 4, 6, 8, 10, 64, 119, 121–127, 130–135 anastomosis, calcaneal 280 genicular 232–233, 243 patellar 247–248, 250–251 ankle 11, 258–261, 276 anulus fibrosus 39, 50–51, 54, 57 anus 18 aorta, abdominal 4, 6, 8, 50 arch 4, 6, 8, 10, 41 ascending 2, 39–40 bifurcation 215 descending 10, 39–41, 49 thoracic 12 aponeurosis, biceps brachii 85 bicipital 84, 86 dorsal 113–114 extensor digitorum 115–116, 273 extensor hallucis 273 extensor pollicis 112–114 palmar 106–110, 112, 148, 158–160 plantar 213, 256–269, 275–281 arch, aortic 4, 6, 8, 10, 41 atlas, anterior 28 posterior 28–29, 32–33 carpal, palmar 152 dorsal venous, of foot 269–270 palmar, deep 109–111, 151–153, 156–161 superficial 157–161 plantar 209–210 deep 266–267, 275–278 vertebral 33, 220 lamina 48 pedicle 38, 40, 55 posterior 37–38, 46, 51–52, 55–56, 58–59 arm 64–116 see also elbow; hand; shoulder artery alveolar, inferior 24 axillary 6, 8, 68–74, 119, 134–135 brachial 75–86, 117–118, 120–121, 132–133, 136, 142–143 deep 77, 80–81, 145 carotid, common 2, 37–38, 41 external 36 internal 23, 30, 34–36 collateral, medial 81 radial 82–85 ulnar, superior 82–86 deep, of the arm 74, 76, 78–79 of the thigh 4, 171–179, 182, 215, 217, 226–227 digital 161 dorsal 111–116, 154–155, 160 of foot 273

of the thumb 109–113 proper 161 lateral 274 palmar 112–116, 157–158 common 160 of the thumb 112–113, 115 proper 148–153, 161 plantar 210–211 common 212 proper 268–273 dorsalis pedis 200–208, 276–277 epigastric, inferior 163–165 femoral 167–191, 214, 228–229 circumflex 170–171 lateral 169, 214–217, 222–227 medial 217–218, 222, 224 deep 170, 216, 218 superficial 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 215–217, 227–229, 250 fibular 192–201, 258 genicular, descending 231 lateral, inferior 231, 233–236, 243–248 medial 181–182, 233 superior 181–182, 233–236, 242, 244–247 medial 183, 236 inferior 233–237, 250–253 superior 234–236, 249–255 gluteal, inferior 62, 218–221, 225, 228 superior 55–56, 163–167, 216, 218, 220–221, 224, 226–229 humeral, circumflex, anterior 72, 117–118, 128–132 posterior 10, 71–72, 119–133 iliac 61–62 circumflex, superficial 224 common 6, 51–53, 57–62, 215 external 2, 163–166 internal 53–55, 163–164, 216–217, 228 iliolumbar 54 intercostal 49, 68–70, 75–76 posterior 29–30, 32, 39–41, 44–48, 51–52, 54, 56 interosseous 145–146 anterior 88–89, 91–95, 137, 147 posterior 89–92, 94, 139–140 recurrent 86–88 lumbar 51–54, 56, 58–60 malleolar, lateral, anterior 274 medial, anterior 278 maxillary 24, 34–35 median 92 metacarpal, common 161 dorsal 154–155, 161 palmar 156 metatarsal, dorsal 269–272 plantar 210–211, 268–270 obturator 163–167, 216, 229

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palmar, common 159 perforating 171–173, 175–179, 182, 224, 226 peroneal 192–201 plantar, lateral 205–213, 258–267, 275–280 medial 205–212, 258–267, 279–281 popliteal 11, 236–241, 247–249 princeps pollicis 110 pudendal, internal 169 pulmonary 4, 6, 8, 39–40 left 49 radial 87–108, 136, 144, 148–155, 160–161 radicular 59 sacral, lateral 55–56 median 54, 56, 62 scapular 124 circumflex 70, 72, 123–124, 134–135 subclavian 31 subscapular 73, 117, 119–125 suprascapular 64–65, 67–69, 117–123, 135 sural 238 tarsal, lateral 200, 276 medial 263, 278, 281 temporal, superficial 23 thoracic, lateral 74 thoraco-acromial 132–135 thoracodorsal 75–76, 117, 126–127 tibial anterior 189–199, 244–246, 263–267 recurrent 234–235 posterior 192–204, 238, 242, 256–258, 262, 281 to sciatic nerve 172, 174 ulnar 79–81, 87–110, 136, 144, 148, 151, 156–157 recurrent 143 vertebral 29–32, 34–38 atlas 29–31, 34–36 anterior arch 28, 34 posterior arch 28–29, 32–34 atrium, left 6, 8, 39–41 right 4, 6, 40 axis 28–29, 31–32, 36 dens 27–28, 31, 34–35 posterior arch 35–36

B bladder, urinary 2, 163–167, 214–218 bone, occipital 28, 29 sesamoid 111, 150–152, 213, 271, 280 lateral 279 temporal 23, 24 bronchus, main 40, 41 bursa, acromion 120 anserine 254 infrapatellar, deep 247–252 subcutaneous 247–248

284

Index olecranon 144–145 subcutaneous 83–84 prepatellar, subcutaneous 247–252 subacromial 119–120, 122–123, 131–132 subdeltoid 120, 130 subtendinous, medial 253 suprapatellar 232, 245–253

C calcaneus 13, 203–213, 256–264, 274–281 canal auditory, external 31 mandibular 24 spinal 32, 219 sacral 50, 60–61 vertebral 27–28, 33 capitate 102–107, 151–155, 158–159 cartilage, cricoid 37 joint 185 retropatellar 182–183 cauda equina 27, 39, 50, 55 cecum 2 cerebrospinal fluid 32–33, 35, 55–56, 59 cistern, lumbar 50, 54–59 cisterna magna 33 clavicle 4, 6, 8, 64–67, 117–121, 133–135 coccyx 27, 62, 165 colon, descending 60–61 sigmoid 163, 216, 218–219 condyle femoral 3 lateral 5, 7, 9, 11, 183–185, 231, 233–238, 242–243, 245–247 medial 5, 7, 9, 183–185, 231, 233–238, 249–255 occipital 29–31 tibial, lateral 233–236, 238, 243–245 medial 233–236, 238, 251–255 conus medullaris 27, 39, 50, 55 coracoid 117 cord see spinal cord crest, iliac 218 intertrochanteric 15, 218–219 sacral, median 50–51 cuboid 206–211, 264–266, 274–277 cuneiform, intermediate 203–207, 266–267, 276–278 lateral 205–210, 266–267, 274–277 medial 203–209, 266–267, 278–281

D diaphragm 4, 14, 16, 18, 20, 46–48, 51–52, 54 disk articular 23–24 ulnar 154 intervertebral 27–29, 31–32, 39, 40, 49–54, 57 dura mater 35, 50 spinal 32–33, 57–59

E elbow 136–147 articular capsule 84 endplate, vertebral, inferior 28, 39–40, 53–54

superior 28, 39–40, 53–54 epicondyle, lateral 82–83, 138–141, 235 medial 82–84, 138–142, 235 esophagus 28, 31, 37–41, 49

F fascia, antebrachial 98 deep, of leg 249, 251–253 dorsal, of hand 113 of forearm 96 thoracolumbar 51–53, 57–59 fasciculi, longitudinal 28, 112 fat pad, Hoffa 246, 249, 251 infrapatellar 184–186, 230–232, 245–252 of elbow 144 pre-Achilles 278 suprapatellar 230–232 fatty tissue, epidural 39, 49–50, 55, 57–58 paraspinal 59 suboccipital 28–30 femur 3, 5, 7, 12, 167–183, 216–218, 222–224, 231–235, 237, 242, 244, 246–255 head 4, 6, 8, 10, 165–167, 215–218, 224–227 fibrocartilage, triangular 99–100, 152–153, 156 fibula 9, 13, 15, 189–198, 257–260, 274–275 head 11, 187–188, 235–238, 242–244 filum terminale 39 fingernail 115 foot 256–281 foramen, intervertebral 29–30, 40, 52–53, 59 magnum 28, 32 nutrient 58 sacral 61 stylomastoid 31 fossa, acetabular 166–167, 227 articular 24 coronoid 82–83, 138–139, 144 intercondylar 184, 234–237 ischiorectal 168–169 olecranon 82, 140–141, 144–145 popliteal 253 fovea 227

G ganglion, spinal 29–33, 36–37, 40, 49, 51–52, 57–59 gland, parotid 4, 23–24, 31, 34–36 thyroid 37–41 glenoid 66–69, 119, 123–124 groove, bicipital 67, 128

H hamate 104–108, 149–155, 157, 160 hand 148–161 hip 6, 9, 11, 214–229 capsule 7 humerus 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 69–81, 121–125, 128–130, 138–141, 144–146 capitulum 84–85, 137–139, 145–147 greater tubercle 66–68, 119–121, 128 head 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 65–68, 117–126, 129–132 lesser tubercle 67–70, 122–123, 125, 128 trochlea 85, 137–140, 142–144

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I ileum 2, 60–62 iliac spine, anterior, inferior 164 superior 2, 163, 214–217, 222–223 ilium 4, 6, 8, 10, 18, 20, 54–56, 60–62, 163–164, 214–216, 218–221, 223–229 intestine, small 163–164, 214–216, 224–229 see also colon ischial spine 166, 220 ischium 9, 15–16, 18, 165–167, 219, 226–227

J jejunum 2, 4 joint acromioclavicular 2, 4, 6, 64, 119–121, 132–133 ankle 11, 258–261, 276 atlanto-axial 4, 29–31 lateral 31 median 28, 34 calcaneocuboid 207, 274–277 capitatohamate 106 capsule, ankle 200 elbow 83, 146–147 foot 209–210, 272–273 hand 150–151, 154–159 hip 7, 216, 225–226 knee 183–187, 231, 237–238, 242–243, 245–255 lateral 23 medial 23 shoulder 69–70, 117–118, 124–127, 129, 132–133 wrist 98–105, 107–108 carpometacarpal 150, 152–155, 157–161 costostransverse 44–49 cuneonavicular 203, 278 elbow 136–147 femoropatellar 182–183, 231 glenohumeral 119, 121, 123–124, 133 hip 6, 9, 11, 214–229 humero-ulnar 83–85, 138–139, 141, 143 humeroradial 85, 138–139, 145–146 humeroscapular 68 intercarpal 106, 158–159 interphalangeal 152–153 distal 152–153, 156, 158, 161, 212–213, 274, 276 proximal 152–154, 156–159, 212–213, 273–274, 276 knee 3, 5, 7, 230–255 metacarpophalangeal 150–159, 210, 212 metatarsophalangeal 274, 276 radio-ulnar 139 distal 153 proximal 86, 145 radiocarpal 151, 157, 159 sacro-iliac 13–14, 16, 18, 20, 55–56, 61–62, 218–221 scaphocapitate 158–159 shoulder 117–135 socket 8, 10, 120, 122, 228 subtalar 203, 258–259, 275–278 talocalcaneal 203 talocrural 11, 199–201, 258–261, 276–278 talofibular 259 talonavicular 202–203, 278

Index tarsometatarsal 204–205, 274, 277 temporomandibular 4, 22–25 lower joint space 23–24 upper joint space 23–24 tibiofibular 236, 243 inferior 198 proximal 187, 237, 242, 244 tibiotalar 9 wrist 97–108, 152, 158 zygapophyseal 29–32, 37, 40, 49, 52–53, 55–59 lumbosacral 55

K kidney 12, 14, 16, 48, 54 knee 3, 5, 7, 230–255

L labrum acetabular, inferior 216 posterior 165 superior 216 glenoid, anterior 68, 166–167 inferior 69, 119–123, 215, 217, 225–227 posterior 68, 166–167 superior 66–68, 119, 121–123, 215, 217, 224–227 larynx 38 leg 163–213 see also foot; hip; knee ligament acetabular 262 acromioclavicular 119–121, 132–133 alar 31, 34 annular 86, 113–116, 139–141 of radius 85, 146–147 apical, of dens 28 bifurcate 203–205, 264, 274–275, 277 calcaneofibular 202–203, 259–260, 274 calcaneonavicular, plantar 204, 206, 262–264, 277–280 capitatohamate 153 capitatotrapezoid 153 capsule 273 carpal, palmar 157 radiate 150–151 transverse 148 carpometacarpal, dorsal 153, 155–159, 161 palmar 148, 157–158, 161 collateral 82–83, 111–115, 152–157, 159–161, 272–273 anular 137 fibular 186, 236–238 lateral 3, 84, 183–187, 242 medial 138–139, 184–186, 233–236 palmar 156–157 radial 137–139, 146–147, 151, 153–154, 160–161 ulnar 100–101, 143, 150–152, 154 coraco-acromial 65, 117–119, 131–133 coracoclavicular 64–67, 117–118, 134–135 coracohumeral 66–67, 117–119, 131–133 costotransverse 41, 46 lateral 48–49 superior 41

cruciate, anterior 7, 183–185, 234–237, 247–249 of atlas 34 posterior 9, 183–186, 235–237, 247–252 cuneonavicular, plantar 207 deltoid 199–205, 258–264, 280–281 genicular, transverse 246, 249 glenohumeral 119 inferior 130–132 middle 66–68, 128–132 superior 128–132 hamatocapitate 151 head of femur 166 humeral, transverse 130–131 iliofemoral 7, 12, 165–169, 215–217 inguinal 163–165 intercarpal 104 dorsal 103–105, 155, 157–159, 161 interosseous 154 palmar 102, 105–109, 157–159 interosseous 151–154 cuneocuboid 274–275 cuneometatarsal 206–207 restraining 115 talocalcaneal 202–205, 262–263, 276–279 interspinal 20, 42–48, 220–221 interspinous 14, 27–28, 33, 39, 50, 55–56, 58 ischiofemoral 167–168, 218, 227 longitudinal, anterior 28, 35, 39, 50, 57–59 posterior 28, 32–33, 39, 50, 57–59 lunotriquetral 153 meniscofemoral, lateral 237 posterior 250 metacarpal 151 deep transverse 112 dorsal 107–108, 155 interosseous 153–154 metatarsal, dorsal 274–275 transverse, deep 272 neuroforaminal 57 nuchal 27, 33–35, 37–38 of femoral head 216 of fibular head, anterior 187, 234, 242–243 posterior 187, 242–243 of Wrisberg 237, 250 palmar 112–114, 158–159, 161 patellar 182–189, 230–232, 245–252 pisohamate 105, 148–150 pisometacarpal 105–106 plantar 272 long 206–207, 209–211, 260–267, 275–277 popliteal, arcuate 238 oblique 183–184, 186–187, 238, 247–248, 253 pubofemoral 168 radiate, of head of rib 41, 49 radio-ulnar, dorsal 155–156 palmar 99, 156 radiocarpal, dorsal 100–101, 154–159 palmar 99–101, 103–104, 149–150, 158–160 ulnar 102 sacro-iliac 55–56, 219 anterior 61 interosseous 60–61 posterior 60–61 sacrospinous 62 sacrotuberous 164–168, 221, 228–229 sagittal 114–115 scapholunate 151–153

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sesamoid 272 spring 204, 206, 277, 280 supraspinous 27–28, 39, 49–50, 57–59 talocalcaneal 203 talofibular, anterior 201, 261, 275 posterior 200–201, 258–259, 275–279 talonavicular 280 dorsal 200–202, 277–279 plantar 279 tarsal, dorsal 202, 204–206, 265–266, 275, 277 tibiofibular, anterior 198–199, 275 posterior 198–200 transverse 31 of atlas 28, 35 of knee 234, 247–248, 250–252 ulnar 153 ulnocarpal, dorsal 155 palmar 98–104, 150–151, 156–157 ulnolunate 151 ulnotriquetral 155 ligamentum flavum 28–30, 39–40, 49–53, 55, 57–58 linea aspera 176 liver 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 39–41, 45–48 lobe, temporal 23–24 lunate 100–103, 150–154, 156–158 lung 31, 45–48, 67, 69–76, 117–120 left 4, 8, 12, 16, 32–33 right 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 20, 49, 55 lymph node, axillary 134

M malleolus, lateral 199–201, 259–260 medial 199–200, 259–261 mandible 23, 34 head 23–24 neck 23–24 ramus 23–24, 35–36 manubrium 39–40 mastoid 24 meatus, external acoustic 24 medulla oblongata 32 membrane atlanto-occipital, anterior 28 posterior 28 interosseous 153–154 of forearm 91–93 of leg 188–197 obturator 216 tectorial 28, 31 meniscus, equivalent 153 lateral 185, 233–237, 242–247 medial 185, 233–237, 251–255 mesotendon 273 metacarpal 151–152, 154, 156–161 I 107–111, 148–154 II 107–114, 152–155, 160–161 III 107–114, 160 IV 107–114, 155 V 106–113, 150–151, 153, 156 metatarsal 270 I 204–210, 268–272, 278–281 II 205–211, 213, 267–269, 271–272, 276–278 III 208–209, 211, 213, 267–269, 271–272, 274–276

285

286

Index IV 210–213, 266–267, 269, 271–272, 274–275 V 211, 213, 265–269, 274 muscle 5 abductor digiti minimi 103–113, 148–152, 156, 210–213, 257–272, 274–279 abductor hallucis 207–212, 256–272, 279–281 abductor pollicis 112, 149–150 brevis 105–112, 159–161 longus 89–107, 139, 147, 149, 151 adductor brevis 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 168–174, 215–218, 224, 226–229 adductor hallucis 212–213, 264–271, 276–279 brevis 210–212 adductor longus 3, 5, 7, 9, 169–175, 214–217, 228–229 adductor magnus 11, 13, 15, 169–182, 218–221, 223–229, 235–236, 254–255 adductor minimus 11, 13, 169, 218, 225, 227–229 adductor pollicis 108–111, 148–152, 158–161 anconeus 82–87, 141, 146–147 biceps 119, 144–145 brachii 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 67–86, 88, 118, 120–121, 128–133, 136–139, 142–147 femoris 9, 11, 13, 15, 17–18, 20, 170–187, 220–221, 224–228, 237–247 brachialis 10, 77–88, 136–146 brachioradialis 8, 10, 12, 78–97, 136–141, 144–147, 149, 152, 154 coccygeus 62 colli, longus 2 constrictor muscle of pharynx, superior 36–38 coracobrachialis 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 68–75, 117–121, 130–133 deltoid 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 44, 64–76, 117–135 digastric 31–32, 34–36 erector spinae 18, 20, 40–41, 51–53, 57–59 extensor carpi radialis 8 brevis 85–107, 137, 160 longus 80–107, 138–141, 146–147, 154–155, 161 extensor carpi ulnaris 86–107, 141, 146–147, 154–156 extensor digiti, II 277 III 276 minimi 12, 88–114, 147 brevis 267–271 longus 271 extensor digitorum 10, 12, 85–116, 138–141, 147, 154–161, 273–274, 278 brevis 201–209, 263–272, 274–276, 278–279 longus 5, 7, 9, 188–211, 233–235, 260–272, 274–277 superficialis 156 extensor hallucis 273 brevis 263–272 longus 9, 194–208, 262–272, 278–281 extensor indicis 92–110, 114 extensor pollicis 112–114 brevis 89, 92–111, 150 longus 88–91, 93–110, 152–155 fibularis brevis 191, 193–203, 205–209, 256–265, 274–276

longus 188, 190–191, 194–203, 205–207, 209–211, 233–236, 243–244, 258–268, 274–279 flexor carpi radialis 12, 16, 84–107, 136–138, 142–143, 148, 160 ulnaris 18, 85–105, 137, 140–142, 148–149, 157 flexor digiti minimi 106–108, 148–151, 156 brevis 109–113, 156–157, 212–213, 266–268, 271–272, 274–275 longus 271–272 flexor digitorum 151–152, 156–161, 213 brevis 212–213, 257–273, 277 longus 7, 9, 192–213, 256–281 profundus 85–116, 137–145, 149–150, 156–159 superficialis 12, 18, 85–116, 138–140, 142–146, 148, 157–159 flexor hallucis brevis 208–213, 266–270, 280–281 longus 11, 13, 15, 192–209, 211–213, 256–273, 276–281 flexor pollicis 151, 159 brevis 109–112, 148–152, 160–161 longus 10, 90–109, 111–114, 149–150, 159–161 gastrocnemius 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 182–196, 236–241, 243–255 gemellus 223–226 inferior 15–16, 167, 219, 226–229 superior 15, 219, 227–229 gluteus maximus 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 52–53, 60–62, 163–172, 218–229 medius 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 54–56, 60–62, 163–168, 214–219, 222–227 minimus 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 163–168, 215–218, 223–226 gracilis 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 170–188, 215–221, 237–240, 254–255 iliacus 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 54, 60–62, 214–218, 227, 229 iliocostalis cervicis 18, 44–46 lumborum 14, 16, 18, 20, 43–48, 55–59, 219–221 thoracis 49 iliopsoas 5, 7, 9, 163–171, 214–217, 223–226, 228 infraspinatus 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 42–45, 49, 66–76, 123–135 intercostal 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20, 33, 44–49, 56, 117–121 external 66–76 internal 66–76 interosseous 115–116, 152–156, 159–160, 265–268, 275–279 dorsal 109–114, 156, 161, 206–213, 269–271, 274 palmar 109–113, 156–157, 161, 274 plantar 209–213, 269–272 interspinalis 20, 28, 55 cervicis 39 lumborum 16, 56 intertransversarius 41, 55 laterales 57 mediales 57 ischiocrural 169 latissimus dorsi 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 40–47, 56, 71–76, 118–127, 130–135 levator ani 15, 16, 18, 166–169, 217–221

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scapulae 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 31–33, 37–38, 45–48 levatores costarum 56 longissimus 55–59 capitis 10, 33–36, 38, 43, 46–47 cervicis 37–38, 46, 48 lumbalis 44–48 lumborum 18, 20 thoracis 42–45, 49 longus capitis 28–30, 34–36, 41 colli 29–31, 36–38 lumbrical 111–114, 150–151, 156–161, 212–213, 276–277, 279 masseter 23–24 multifidus 16, 18, 29–30, 33, 37–38, 40–41, 49, 51–53, 55–59, 220–221 cervicis 8 oblique abdominal, external 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 46–47, 60–62, 214–217, 222–223 internal 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 46–47, 60–62, 163–166, 214–217, 222–223 obliquus capitis inferior 8, 10, 29–33, 35–36 superior 10, 32–35 obturator, externus 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 168–169, 216–218, 225–229 internus 9, 11, 15–16, 18, 164–170, 216–220, 223–226, 228–229 omohyoid 64 opponens digiti minimi 108–111, 149–151, 156, 212–213, 267–269 opponens pollicis 105–111, 148–151, 160–161 palatopharyngeus 29 palmaris brevis 105–110, 156 longus 16, 84–105, 137–138, 142, 148 pectineus 2, 5, 11, 167–170, 214–217, 225–229 pectoralis, major 2, 67–76, 129–135 minor 2, 4, 67–76, 131–135 perineal, deep transverse 169, 217–218 peroneus brevis 11, 13, 15, 17, 191–209, 256–265, 274–276 longus 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 188–207, 209–211, 233–237, 243–244, 258–268, 274–277 piriformis 14, 16, 18, 20, 56, 62, 163–166, 219–221, 225–229 plantaris 183–194, 197–199, 236–239, 243–249 popliteus 9, 11, 182–190, 234–239, 243–252 pronator quadratus 94–97, 150–152, 156–160 teres 82–91, 136–139, 142–146 psoas 215–218, 227, 229 major 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 54–55, 57–62 pterygoid, lateral 2, 23–24 medial 23, 36 quadratus femoris 15, 168–170, 219, 223–227 lumborum 12, 14, 16, 55–59 plantae 206–211, 256–266, 278–280 quadriceps 248 rectus abdominis 62, 163–168, 224–229 capitis, lateralis 31, 34 posterior major 12, 14, 29–30, 33–36 minor 28–30, 34–35 femoris 2, 165–181, 214–215, 222–225, 249–252 rhomboid 29 major 40–44, 49 minor 16, 18, 20, 38, 45–46 rotatores 41 thoracis 49, 56

Index sartorius 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 164–188, 214–216, 222–229, 236–237, 251–255 scalene, anterior 2, 4 middle 6 posterior 6 scalenus anterior 37–38 medius 31–32, 37–38 posterior 31–33, 37 semimembranosus 11, 13, 15, 17–18, 20, 170–187, 221, 226, 229, 235–241, 246–255 semispinalis capitis 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 28–30, 34–37, 40, 46–47 cervicis 10, 12, 14, 29, 32–33, 37–38, 48 thoracis 40, 49 semitendinosus 13, 15, 17–18, 20, 170–188, 220–221, 226, 229, 236–241, 251, 253–255 serratus anterior 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 44–45, 56, 64–76, 117–121, 135 posterior 20, 69 inferior 44–47 superior 40, 44–47 soleus 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 187–198, 238–248 spinalis 51–53 cervicis 6, 29–30, 33, 37–38, 41, 46–48 lumborum 45–48 thoracis 41–45, 49, 56 splenius capitis 8, 10, 12, 14, 29–30, 32–38 cervicis 8, 12, 14, 16, 29, 32–33, 38, 40–41, 43–48 sternocleidomastoid 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 31–38 sternohyoid 39–40 styloglossus 36 stylohyoid 34, 41 stylopharyngeus 36 subclavius 64–68 subscapularis 6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 44–47, 49, 68, 70–74, 117–122, 130–135 superficial, of forearm, anterior 82 ventral 83 supinator 86–90, 137–141, 145–147 suprascapularis 10 supraspinatus 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 45–46, 64–67, 117–125, 128–135 temporal 2, 23–24 tensor fasciae latae 2, 163–171, 214–215, 222 teres major 14, 16, 18, 20, 44–45, 71–76, 119–127, 130–135 minor 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 69–73, 123–126, 130–132, 134–135 thigh, dorsal 168 tibialis, anterior 3, 187–207, 233–235, 242–244, 263–267, 279–280 posterior 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 189–208, 236–237, 243–246, 258–266, 278–281 transversus abdominis 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 46–47, 60–62, 163–166, 214–216, 222–223 trapezius 16, 18, 20, 34–38, 40–41, 49, 64–65, 117–125, 134–135 ascending part 42 descending part 12, 14, 28–30 transverse part 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 29–30, 43–48 triceps brachii 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 71–84, 122–127, 129–134, 138–141, 143–147 surae 197–199 vastus, intermedius 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 170–180, 215–218, 222–224, 244–246 lateralis 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 168–169, 171–180, 182, 214–220, 231–237, 242–246

medialis 3, 5, 7, 9, 170–181, 214, 216–217, 223, 225–227, 231–236, 247–255

N navicular 202–206, 264–265, 277–281 nerve accessory 35–36 alveolar, inferior 24 axillary 71–72, 119–126, 131–134 brachial 143 deep 81 cluneal, superior 219 collateral, superior ulnar 83 cutaneous dorsal 261–262 lateral 203–204, 263–264 medial 271 of foot 269 femoral, posterior 176, 221 of forearm 82–85 lateral 82, 88–89, 91–93, 97, 136 medial 82, 87–89, 91–93, 99 posterior 78–81, 83–85, 87, 99–102 sural, medial 187–194 digital dorsal 111–116, 154–155, 160, 269 of foot 269, 271–272, 273 of thumb 109–113 lateral 274 palmar 110, 112–116, 157 common 111, 160–161 of the thumb 112–113, 115, 148 proper 148–150, 152–153, 161 plantar 210–211, 269 common 212 proper 268–273 femoral 62, 163–172, 177–179, 214–215, 217, 230 cutaneous, posterior 176, 221 fibular, common 176–189, 238–241, 243–245 deep 190–200, 262–264, 266–267 superficial 190–198 glossopharyngeal 35 gluteal, inferior 219–221, 226, 228–229 superior 167, 220–221, 226–228 hypoglossal 34–36 intercostal 68–70, 75–76 posterior 44–48 interosseous, anterior 91–95 posterior 89–92 lumbar 51 median 75–111, 117–122, 132–133, 136–137, 139, 142–144, 148, 158–159, 161 of forearm 136 metacarpal, dorsal 154 metatarsal, plantar 210–211 muscular 219 musculocutaneous 75, 77–80, 91, 117, 133 obturator 163–168, 215–217, 229 occipital, major 33 peroneal, common 176–189, 238–245 deep 190–199, 263–264, 266–267 superficial 190–198 plantar, lateral 208–209, 211, 257–270, 275–280 medial 205–209, 207–213, 257–267, 279–281

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pudendal 219 radial 73–94, 97–106, 117–122, 132–133, 136–137, 140, 144–146 saphenous 173–182, 198–199, 215–217, 231, 237–240, 254 scapular 124 sciatic 15, 17, 165–175, 219–220, 225–228, 246 spinal 29–32, 36–38, 53, 57, 59 suboccipital 33 subscapular 68, 119, 124–125 suprascapular 68–69, 120–123 sural 195–202, 256–261 thoracic, long 72–73, 76 thoracodorsal 75–76, 117–118 tibial 13, 176–205, 238–241, 247–250, 256 ulnar 12, 75–111, 117, 119–122, 132–133, 140–141, 143, 148–149, 155–160 vagus 34–36 nerve filaments 51, 57–60 nerve root 48 dorsal 35, 37–38 lumbar 60–61 ventral 35, 37–38 notch, trochlear 144–145 nucleus pulposus 39, 50–52, 57

O olecranon 82–85, 140–141, 143–145 os coccygis 27 sacrum 27 ovary 164–165, 216–217

P patella 181–183, 230–231, 245–253 pes anserinus 189, 234 deep 235–236, 238, 254 profundus 237, 255 superficial 235–237, 251–255 phalanx (foot) distal, I 211, 280–281 II 278 III 276 IV 212, 274 V 213 middle, II 278 III 276 IV 212, 274 V 213 proximal, I 209–211, 273, 280–281 II 273, 278 III 276 IV 212 V 213, 272, 274 phalanx (hand) distal 156, 158, 161 I (thumb) 115, 150–153 II 152–153 middle 152, 154, 156–159, 161 II 153 proximal 151–152, 154, 156–161 I (thumb) 112–114, 149–150, 152–153 II 115–116, 153, 155 III 115–116

287

288

Index IV 115–116 V 114–116 pharynx, superior constrictor muscle 36–38 pisiform 101–105, 148–150, 156 plexus, brachial 67–73, 134–135 cervical 31 lumbar 54, 218 lumbosacral 164 sacral 55, 62, 163, 216–218, 229 venous, of urinary bladder 165 pterygoid 34 suboccipital 33 uterine 166 vertebral external, anterior 51, 54 posterior 37–38, 40, 57–59 internal 57 anterior 38, 51, 58–59 process articular 38 inferior 29–32, 37, 40, 46, 49, 52–53, 55–59 superior 29–32, 37, 40, 46, 49, 51–53, 55–58 coracoid 2, 4, 6, 66–67, 118, 132–134 coronoid 138, 144–145 costal 58 mamillary 52 mastoid 31–33 prestyloid 153 spinous 27–28, 33, 35, 37, 39, 46–50, 55–57, 59, 220–221 styloid 101, 152–154, 161 transverse 31, 38, 41, 44–47, 49, 53–55 uncinate 31 zygomatic 23 promontory 62 pubis 5, 7, 165–169, 214–218, 229

R radius 10, 87–101, 137–139, 145–146, 150–155, 157–161 head 85–86, 137–140, 145–147 neck 145 recess, axillary 120–123 joint, lateral 243 suprapatellar 181 rectum 16, 20, 62, 164, 166–169, 220–221 retinaculum, extensor 95–96, 98–102, 104, 200 flexor 100–109, 148, 157–160, 200–208, 259–261 patellar, lateral 181–187, 230–232, 242–244 medial 181–188, 230–232, 253–255 transverse 185 peroneal 203 inferior 204–208 superior 201–202 retroauricular plastic cushion 24 rib 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, 20, 33, 44–47, 49, 56, 64–76, 117–121, 135 head 32, 41, 47–49, 53, 55 neck 46, 49 transverse process 48 tubercle 48–49 root see nerve root

S sac, dural 60 thecal 27, 50, 54–59 sacrum 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 27, 50–53, 55–56, 60–62, 163–164, 218–221 promontory 27, 50–52, 54 scaphoid 100–105, 148–155, 158–161 scapula 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 42–43, 45–47, 49, 64–74, 118–126, 135 neck 122–123, 134 scrotum 3 septum, intermuscular, femoral lateral 170–172 plantar, medial 266 sesamoid bones 111, 150–152, 213, 271, 280 lateral 279 sheath, synovial, of finger 116 of toe 273 shoulder 117–135 sinus, sigmoid 32–33 spinal cord 34–38, 50 cervical 28, 32 conus 47 thoracic 20, 27, 33, 39, 46–49 spine 26–62 cervical 2, 27–38 axial 33–38 coronal 31–32 sagittal 27–30 lumbar 50–59 axial 56–59 coronal 54–55 sagittal 50–53 thoracic 39–49 axial 49 coronal 42–48 sagittal 39–41 spleen 12, 14, 16, 18, 48 sternum 39–40 stomach 2, 4, 6, 8 sulcus, intertubercular 67, 128 symphysis 3, 214 syndesmosis, tibiofibular 199, 275

T talus 9, 11, 13, 200–205, 257–264, 275–281 tendon abductor digiti minimi 269, 272, 276 abductor hallucis 211, 271–272 pollicis longus 95, 97–106, 151 Achilles 200–208, 277–280 adductor hallucis 267, 271–272 adductor magnus 177–182, 235, 254–255 biceps 144 brachii 67–73, 81, 83–86, 88, 119, 121, 128–132, 137–139 femoris 170–171, 181–186, 226, 228 brachialis 84–86, 137 brachioradialis 92–95, 97, 149, 152, 154 calcaneal 200–208, 277 common extensor 138–140 common flexor 141 coracobrachialis 68–71 extensor carpi radialis brevis 93–106 longus 89–107, 154–155 extensor carpi ulnaris 98–106, 154–155 extensor digiti II 277

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extensor digiti III 276 extensor digiti minimi 98–114 brevis 267–268, 271 longus 271 extensor digitorum 95, 98–114, 154–161, 274, 278 brevis 201, 269–272 longus 193, 195–211, 262, 264–272, 274–275, 277 superficialis 156 extensor hallucis brevis 263, 266–272 longus 196–208, 264–272, 278–279 extensor indicis 98–110, 114 extensor pollicis brevis 97–111 longus 98–110, 152–154 fibularis brevis 198–203, 205–209, 258–260, 264–265, 274 longus 193–203, 205–207, 209–211, 258–260, 263–267, 274–277 flexor carpi radialis 94–106, 148 ulnaris 101, 105, 148 flexor digiti minimi 156 brevis 271–272 longus 271–272 flexor digitorum 151–152, 157–161, 213 brevis 268–273 longus 194–213, 258–260, 263–274, 276–281 profundus 99–116, 149–150, 156–159 superficialis 99–116, 148, 157–159 flexor hallucis longus 198–213, 257–273, 277, 279–281 flexor pollicis longus 105, 107–109, 111–114, 149–150, 155, 160–161 gastrocnemius 182, 185–187, 193–196 gluteus medius 166–168 gluteus minimus 168 gracilis 181–188, 237 infraspinatus 6, 128–134 interosseous 114–116 plantar 272 obturator internus 226 opponens digiti minimi 111 palmaris brevis 105 longus 94–96, 105 pectoralis minor 67 peroneus brevis 198–209, 258–260, 264–265, 274 longus 193–207, 209–211, 258–260, 263–267, 274–277 plantaris 190–199, 236, 238–239 popliteus 182–186, 234–237, 243–244 quadriceps 245, 247, 250–252 femoris 230–232, 246, 249 rectus femoris 165–169, 176–181, 215 sartorius 185–188 semimembranosus 170–173, 183–187, 254–255 semitendinosus 170–171, 181, 183–188, 236–241, 253–255 supinator 86 supraspinatus 4, 64–66, 128–133 tibialis anterior 187, 193–202, 204–207, 263–267, 279 posterior 195–208, 258–265, 280–281 triceps brachii 79, 81–84, 133–134 surae 197–199 ulnocarpal ligament, palmar 104 vastus intermedius 180 lateralis 182

Index thumb, distal phalanx 115, 150–151 proximal phalanx 112–114, 149–150 tibia 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 188–198, 232–235, 242, 249–250, 255, 258–262, 275–281 head 3, 5, 7, 9, 186–187, 237, 246–249 trachea 2, 39–40 bifurcation 8, 49 tract, iliotibial 165–186, 215–217, 219, 232–236, 238–239, 242–243 trapezium 104–107, 148–153, 161 trapezoid 105–106, 151–155, 160–161 triquetrum 101–105, 151–157 trochanter, greater 9, 11, 13, 167, 169, 216–219, 222–223 lesser 170, 218, 224–225 trunk, brachiocephalic 39–40 lumbosacral 216 pulmonary 41 tube, uterine 164 tubercle articular 24 greater 66–68, 119–121, 128 crest of 128 infraglenoid 133 intercondylar, lateral 235–237 medial 234–236, 248, 250 lesser 67–70, 122–123, 125, 128 tuberosity, calcaneal 205–206, 211–213 intercondylar, medial 249 ischial 168–169, 220–221, 228–229 radial 138–139, 145 tibial 188–190, 232, 245–247

U ulna 14, 86–100, 138–141, 146, 151–156 ureter 163–167 urethra 168 urinary bladder 2, 163–167, 214–218 uterus 163–166, 214–219

V vagina 167–169, 216–219 vein axillary 6, 8, 68–74, 119, 134–135 azygos 39, 49 basilic 77–89, 91–105, 131, 136, 142 medial 92–93 basivertebral 28, 37, 39, 50, 58–59 brachial 75–86, 117–118, 120–121, 132–133, 136, 142 deep 77, 80 brachiocephalic 39–41

cephalic 4, 14, 16, 18, 68–109, 128–136, 145–147 accessory 87, 98 median 136 of thumb 110 cervical, deep 28–30, 33–38 superficial 120 collateral, radial 82–85 ulnar, superior 82, 84–86 cubital, median 82–90, 136, 143 deep, of the arm 74, 76, 78–79 of the thigh 171–181, 217, 226–227 digital dorsal 113–114, 116, 155, 157, 160–161 of foot 273 lateral 274 palmar 157–158 plantar 210–211 common 212 proper 268–273 dorsalis pedis 281 epigastric, inferior 163–165 femoral 167–191, 214, 228–229 circumflex 170–171 lateral 169, 217 medial 218 deep 170, 216, 218 superficial 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 215, 217, 227–228 fibular 192–201 genicular, descending 233 lateral, inferior 245–248 superior 181–182, 244–247 medial, inferior 237, 250–253 superior 181–182, 249–250, 252–255 gluteal, inferior 218–221, 225 superior 56, 163–166, 218, 220–221, 224, 226–229 hemi-azygos 40–41 accessory 41, 49 humeral, circumflex, anterior 72, 117–118, 128–132 posterior 71–72, 119–133 iliac, common 50, 59–62 external 2, 163–166 internal 54–55, 163–164, 217, 228 iliolumbar 54 intercostal 68–70, 75–76 posterior 29–30, 41, 44–48, 54, 56 interosseous 145–146 anterior 88–89, 91–95, 137, 147 posterior 89–92, 94, 139–140 recurrent 87–88 intervertebral 40 jugular, internal 2, 31, 34–38 lumbar 53–54, 56–57, 60 ascending 58–59 maxillary 23–24

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median 92 metacarpal, dorsal 154–155 metatarsal, dorsal 269–272 plantar 210, 269–270 obturator 163–167, 216 parotid 24 perforating 172, 175–181, 268 peroneal 192–201 plantar, lateral 205–213, 258–267, 275–280 medial 205–212, 258–267, 279–281 popliteal 11, 184–190, 237–240, 247–248 pudendal, internal 169 pulmonary 6 radial 87–108, 144 radicular 59 retromandibular 34–36 sacral, lateral 55–56 median 54, 56 saphenous, accessory 179 great 11, 13, 169–204, 214, 237, 259–267 small 191–202, 240–241, 256, 269–270, 276 scapular 124 circumflex 70, 123–124, 134–135 subcutaneous 94–104 subscapular 117, 119–124 suprascapular 64–65, 67–69, 117–123, 135 sural 238 thoracodorsal 126–127 tibial anterior 189–199 recurrent 234–235 posterior 192–204, 256–257 to sciatic nerve 172 ulnar 79–81, 87–110, 144 vertebral 31, 37 vena cava, inferior 51–53, 57–58, 215 superior 4 ventricle, left 2, 4 right 2 vertebra 47–48 cervical 27–29, 31, 37–38 lumbar 27, 50–53, 54, 58–61, 216–217 spine of 42, 44–45 thoracic 27–30, 32–33, 39–40, 48, 51–54 vertebra prominens 27, 39

W wrist 97–108, 152, 158

Z zona orbicularis 218 zone, bilaminar 24

289