Aristophanes: Peace. Birds. Frogs [2] 9780674991989, 0674991982

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WITH THE ENGLISH TRANSL.uviN .OF

BENJAMIN BICKLEY ROGERS M.A., D.LITT., SOMETIME FELLOW OF

IN

BARRISTER- AT-LAW WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD

THREE VOLUMES II

THE BIRDS THE PEACE THE FROGS

LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS :

NEW YORK

:

MCMXXVII

First print ed 1924

foprvnted 1927

CONTENTS OF VOLUME

II

THE PEACE FAon

2 4

Introduction Text and Translation

THE BIRDS Introduction

127 ISO

Text and Translation

THE FROGS Introduction Text and Translation

293 96

,

INDEX Chair of the Priest of Dionysus

439

.

.

.

frontispiece

THE PEACE

INTRODUCTION THE

Peace was exhibited at the great city Dionysia at a time when Athens and Sparta " were alike weary of the long continuance of the Peloponnesian war, and alike disposed to put an end to the conflict upon any fair and honourable terms," a in

March 421 B.C.,

the Spartans being especially disheartened by their 1

reverse at Pylos (c/ Thuc, iv. 55), and the Athenians by the military successes of Brasidas in Thrace and .

their defeat

by the Boeotians at Delium in

424. &

The

two chief obstacles to peace (cf. Thuc. v, 14-16) had " been. Cleon the Athenian demagogue and Brasidas the Spartan general Brasidas, because of the success and the glory which he was gaining in the war ; Cleon, because in quiet times his malpractices would be more apparent and his calumny less easily be:

lieved,"

G

but both these obstacles had been removed

by the death of "Cleon and Brasidas in the battle of Amphrgojfe, and hardly had this play been produced upon the stage when the Peace of which it sang

dawned upon the Hellenic world," the Peace Nicias

a peace for

March

or April 421.

fl

fifty

See Rogers, Introduction, *

years

p. ix. Ibid. p. xvi.

of

being concluded in &

Ibid. pp. xiv, xv.

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The scene represents the exterior of the house of Trygaeus, two of whose servants are visible in the foreground, ministering to the wants of an enormous dung-beetle, which is confined in one of the

4

15

THE PEACE FIRST SERVANT. Bring, bring the beetle cake ; quick there, quick quick, SECOND SERVANT. Here s. i. Give it him, the abominable brute, s. ii. O may he never taste a daintier morsel !

!

!

Now bring

another, shaped from asses* dung, u. Here, here again. i. Where's that you brought just

s. i. s.

s.

He

s.

n.

can't have eaten

No he trundled it and bolted it entire. Quick, quick, and beat up several, firm and tight. O help me, scavengers,* by all the Gods Or I shall choke and die before your eyes, Another cake, a boy-companion's bring him ;

With

s. i. s. ii.

s. i.

his

two

feet,

!

:

He

wants one

finelier

moulded.

Here

s. ii.

s. i.

now ?

it.

it is.

There's one advantage in this work, my masters No man will say I pick my dishes now. c Pah more, bring more, another and another !

:

;

Keep kneading more. outer courts, the walls of the court 'being sufficiently high to conceal its inmate from the audience.

b He appeals to any scavenger (a recognized class at Athens) who be present to come and help him, before he is overpowered. may " 6 **

eat (some of it) while preparing the cake (/wtfa) charge often brought against slaves. Lit.

;

a

5

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As the bil^e-water in a sinking ship gets the better of a But dvrXte can mean sailor, so here the filth is too much for him. Schol.

6

40

THE PEACE, s. ii.

16-42

By Apollo, no, not 1 endure this muck a moment longer ; a take and pitch the muck-tub in and all.

1

I can't I'll

s. i. s. ii.

to the crows, and follow it yourself. Can any one of you, I wonder, tell me Where I can buy a nose not perforated ? There's no more loathly miserable task Than to be mashing dung to feed a beetle.

Aye

A pig or dog will take its bit of muck Just as it falls : but this conceited brute Gives himself airs, and, bless you, he won't touch it. Unless I mash it all day long, and serve it As for a lady, in a rich round cake. Now I'll peep in and see if he has done, Holding the door, thus, that he mayn't observe me. Aye, tuck away go gobbling on, don't stop I hope you'll burst yourself before you know it. Wretch how he throws himself upon his food, Squared like a wrestler, grappling with his jaws, ;-

;

!

Twisting his head and hands, now here, now there, For all the world like men who plait and weave Those great thick ropes to tow the barges with, 'Tis a most stinking, foul, voracious brute. Nor can I tell whose appanage 6 he is I really think he can't be Aphrodite's, Nor yet the Graces'. i. No ? then whose ? n. I take it This is the sign of sulphur-bolting Zeus. c :

s. s.

" not only bilge-water," but also the " hold of a ship," and so in 18 it is put for the tub which holds the dung. " " 6 a sign specifically attached to a deity : R. irpov Bzarajv ris Acyot

rjor)

$OKT]CFiao(f>os,

"TO "

6 KavOapos 8e Trpos rl; $

fi ev,

Se irpaypa rl; /car*

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avr> y avyp

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Town

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Keffivws AotSopetrai Tvfjs dfeoveiv [MOI So/ca>. cS Zeu, Tt SpaacUis 7ro8* rjp&v rov Aecov;

A^o*6? oreaww Tas TroAci? efc/co/c/ctcras TOUT* lort Tom-i TO /cafcop av6* ovyd) "Aeyov. TO yap TrapaSety/ia TcSv jLtavttSv d/co7;T6* 1

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TOUT' dvrjppixar* av e? TO^ ovpavov,

At the great City Dionysia aUies and strangers were admitted. r6^ KX^a SchoL In 48 /cefros may 5iajBa?, OTTOS' o x^^v V Hetpaet Trapa rats' Tropj/atj; A',

160

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As E. made Bellerophon in the play c/. ^. 427. ** Most explain with ears pricked up," but the Scholiast says ;

6

16

170

THE PEACE, GIRL. Yet,

And

O be careful lest you tumble off, (lame for

life)

a afford

A subject, and become TR,

I'll

see to that

But you,

Do

146-172

for

:

Euripides a tragic hero.

goodbye, goodbye,

my

and labour

so,

whom

I toil

dears

!

for three days resist the calls of nature ; beetle in the air should smell it,

my

Since, if He'll toss

Up, up,

me

my

headlong

off,

and turn to graze.

Pegasus, merrily, cheerily,

With ears complacent, 6 while blithe and bold Your curbs shake out their clatter of gold. (I wonder what in the world he means pointing his nose at those foul latrines.) from the earth to the skies, And on with the beat of your pinion fleet Till you come to Zeus in his heavenly seat. From all your earthly supplies of dirt, From ordure and muck your nostril avert. Man man in Peiraeus ! you'll kill me I swear, Committing a nuisance good fellow, forbear ; Dig it down in the ground, scatter perfumes around, Heap, heap up the earth on the top, Plant sweet-smelling thyme to encircle the mound, Bring myrrh on its summit to drop ;

By

Rise, gallantly rise,

!

!

For

if I

through your

folly shall

tumble to-day,

And my

enterprise fail to succeed in, Five talents the city of Chios c shall pay

On account of your breach

of good-breeding.

with which R. agrees, taking 0cu5po?s as indi" cating beaming, sleek good nature." T. wants not spirits but 6p6ois,

good temper

in his steed.

There seems, owing to some misconduct of the Chians at " it Sparta, to have been a popular saying, Xtos fy 6 diroiraruv, was a Chian who made the mess." T. therefore assumes that a Chian was guilty in this case. C VOL. II 17 c

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yap

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r^v

TroAAd yap

re Kal

:

Schol.

r^JLepav.

THE PEACE, TR. Well then, one CH.

?

Stop

:

of course

make

we

329-348

haste about

it

;

only one, and then you stop. stop with pleasure if 'twill

TR. Well, but look CH.

Let

me

fling

:

your designs assist. proceeding. Just, by Zeus, one other twist. still

you're

my right leg upwards, and

TR. This indulgence too

I'll

so CH.

Hah

!

but here's

I'll

then

refrain.

you don't offend

my left leg also it

really

grant you, again.

:

must have

its

turn,

'tis

plain.

(Dancing vigorously with both legs.) I'm so happy, glad, delighted,

getting rid of arms at

More than

if.

my youth renewing, a

of Age had

cast.

for we're all uncertain

still,

I the slough TR. Well, but don't exult at present,

But,

when once we come Then

will

last,

to hold her,

then be merry if you be the time for laughing,

will

;

Shouting out in jovial glee, Sailing, sleeping, feasting, quaffing,

All the public sights to see. Then the Cottabus be playing, Then be hip-hip-hip-hurrahing, Pass the day and pass the night Like a regular Sybarite. CH.

O

that

it

were yet

my fortune those delightful days to see '4

Woes enough

I've

had to

bear,>

Sorry pallets, trouble, care, VOL.

II

D

S3

ARISTOPHANES eAa^

as*

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410

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9

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Iva ras* reAcras \dftoiv avrol 1

"

38

The Comic poets attack him

as a

T&V

man who,

beneath a

fierce

THE PEACE,

390-413

View us not with wrathful eye, Nor our humble prayers deny, From this dungeon let us hand O if you indeed detest,

en.

her,

And abhor the sweeping crest And the eyebrows of Peisander, Let us now,

O God most gracious

!

let us carry

Then we'll glad processions Then with sacrifices due,

Peace away. v

bring,

We will always, lord and king;*' We will always honour you. -

TR.

HE. TR.

O

sir,

be

pitiful,

and heed their cry

:

They never showed you such respect as now. Why, no they never were such thieves as now.* ;

And

then

I'll tell

you a tremendous

secret,

A horrid dreadful plot against the Gods.

HE. Well, tell away : I'm open to conviction. TR. 'Tis that the Moon and vile Immoral Sun Have long been plotting to your hurt : and now They're giving Hellas up to the Barbarians HE. are they doing that ? TR. Because, by Zeus sacrifice to you, but those Barbarians So naturally they Only to them. Are very anxious that we all should perish, And they get all the rites of all the Gods.

Why

!

We

and martial

'

: exterior, concealed a coward's heart ; B. 1556-61 R. Later he took a large part in the Revolution of the Four Hundred. 6 They worshipped Hermes as the God of Thieves, ^X^rw*

a% (Eur. Rhesus, 217). c So Herodotus i. 131 says of the Persians

Btovo-i fe i}\L^ re xal

39

ARISTOPHANES. TOLVT*

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,

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445

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7rav5cue,

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yap oVoVoc yecop590

tov erptj8ojLtey. a " Tptaivovv=to break up as with a trident. rare one, is here employed for the sake of the play " : R. syllable and that of te*AX0

52

The word, a upon its first

THE PEACE, TR. Yes,

by Zeus

!

566-590

the well-armed mattock

seems to sparkle as we gaze,

And the

burnished pitchforks glitter in the sun's delighted rays. Very famously with those will they clear the vineyard rows. So that I myself am eager

homeward Breaking

a

up the

little

to

my farm to go,

furrows

(long-neglected) with the hoe.

Think of all the thousand pleasures, Comrades, which to Peace we owe, All the life of ease and comfort

Which she gave us long ago

:

Figs and olives, wine and myrtles, Luscious fruits preserved and dried, Banks of fragrant violets, blowing By the crystal fountain's side ; Scenes for which our hearts are yearning, Joys that we have missed so long, -

Comrades, here is Peace returning, Greet her back with dance and song

!

CH.

Welcome, welcome, best and dearest, welcome, welcome, welcome home. We have looked and longed for thee, Looking, longing, wondrously,

Once again our farms to

see.

O the joy, the bliss, the rapture, really to behold thee come, chief enjoyment, thou wast aye our greatest gain. the farmer's trade ply

Thou wast aye our

We who

Used, through thy benignant

aid,

53

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dyopatots".

" a The anapaests " are the Parabasis proper, 734-64, where the poet addresses his audience directly in his own person. Throughout and especially in his attack on Cleon A. "actually borrows, with but slight alterations, from the Parabasis of the H^asps acted in the " R. Copied from Simonides,

preceding year 6

68

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THE PEACE, Were

735-750

with the praise of himself and his plays our own anapaestic a address. But if ever, O daughter of Zeus, it were fit with honour and praise to adorn & A Chorus-Instructor, the ablest of men, the noblest that ever was born, Our Poet is free to acknowledge that he to

fill

is deserving of high commendation was he that advancing, unaided, alone, compelled the immediate cessation Of the jokes which his rivals were cutting at rags, and the battles they waged with the lice. It was he that indignantly swept from the stage

:

It

the paltry ignoble device greedy, a vagabond sturdy and stout, Now baking his bread, now swindling instead, now beaten and battered about. And freedom he gave to the lachrymose slave who was wont with a howl to rush in, And all for the sake of a joke which they make on the wounds that disfigure his skin : " " knave ? so they bawl to the slave, Why, how now, my poor " has the whipcord invaded your back, Spreading havoc around, hacking trees to the ground, " with a savage resistless attack ? Such vulgar contemptible lumber at once he bade from the drama depart,

Of a Heracles needy and seedy and

And then,

an

and grand, he raised and ennobled the Art. High thoughts and high language he brought on the stage, a humour exalted and rare, Zeus

"

like

edifice stately

s.

.

,

is

the

Muse ;

cf.

Horn. Od.

i.

The " daughter of

10.

69

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c/1 ^T. 765. practically the Athenian Empire.

755

THE PEACE, Nor stooped with a

751-769

scurrilous jest to assail

some small-man-and-woman affair, No, he at the mightiest quarry of all with the soul of a Heracles flew. And he braved the vile scent of the tan-pit, and went through foul-mouthed revilings for you.

And

the outset came down in the lists with the jagged-fanged a monster to fight. Whose eyeballs were lurid and glaring with flames of Cynna's & detestable light ; And around his forehead the thin forked tongues of a hundred sycophants quiver, And his smell was the smell of a seal, and his voice was a brawling tempestuous River, And his hinder parts like a furnace appeared, and a goblin's uncleansable liver. But I recked not the least for the look of the beast ; I never desponded or quailed, And I fought for the safety of you and the Isles c I at

;

I gallantly fought

You

therefore should heed and I

never went

off to

remember the deed,

me my guerdon to-day, love to the boys in the schools of athletic display

and For

and prevailed.

afford

make

Heretofore when I gained the theatrical prize but I packed up my traps and departed, Having caused you great joy and but little annoy, and mightily pleased the true-hearted. :

then for all, young and old, great and small. Henceforth of my side and my party to be, And each bald-headed man should do all that he can That the prize be awarded to me. For be sure if this play be triumphant to-day, It is right

71

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