Arabiyyat Al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic 0415509017, 9780415509015

Table of contents :
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments

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Hardtalk

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Arabic–English Glossary
Grammar Index
Audio Track List

Citation preview

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three)

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic builds further on the groundbreaking approach used in Part One and Part Two of the series. It integrates Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and spoken Levantine in a way specially tailored to the needs of advanced students. Levantine Arabic strongly features in spoken discussions of MSA materials, reflecting authentic practice by native speakers. However, the overall ratio of MSA – the form employed for reading, writing, and formal speaking in the Arab world – to Levantine has been increased, supporting students’ mounting need for MSA as they progress further in their education. This textbook is designed to take learners from the Advanced Low to the Advanced High level according to the ACTFL criteria, and from level B2 to C1 on the CEFR proficiency scales. Features include: •

• • • • • •

18 theme-based units covering topics such as Arab minorities; education; religion; love and marriage; the Arab woman; economics; politics; military matters; and the environment thorough coverage of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, with clear grammar explanations and lessons structured to provide opportunities for further practice humorous, realistic dialogues reflecting educated speech among Arabs, to build up strong and practical communication skills attention to issues highly relevant to modern Arab society, encouraging active engagement with the course and further exploration of the themes a rich variety of reading passages from contemporary sources such as Al Jazeera as well as excerpts from the classic works One Thousand and One Nights and Kalila wa Dimna an extensive range of stimulating exercises and activities, including crossword puzzles, root-and-pattern identification exercises, passage completions, and free compositions free companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/younes) with the audio tracks, texts of the listening passages, and answer key.

Developed by a dynamic author team and tested over a number of years at Cornell University, ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three) is an essential resource for advanced-level students of Arabic. While primarily designed for classroom use, the accessibility of the course also renders it highly suitable for independent study. This volume is the final installment of a pioneering three-part series of Arabic textbooks which together provide a complete three-year undergraduate language program. Munther Younes and Yomna Chami both teach Arabic at Cornell University, USA.

Other titles in the ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas series: ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part One) Munther Younes, Makda Weatherspoon and Maha Saliba Foster 978-0-415-51693-8 ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Two): An Intermediate Course in Arabic Munther Younes and Hanada Al-Masri 978-0-415-50908-4

“Arabiyyat al-Naas is a game-changing series that embodies a pioneering approach to Arabic language teaching and learning. By integrating formal and colloquial Arabic, Arabiyyat al-Naas presents the language as it is used in real life. The demand for this approach is now increasing exponentially around the world. Arabiyyat al-Naas is the result of years of creative thinking and innovative teaching.” Jeremy Palmer, American University of Sharjah, UAE “ ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas is a bold, innovative, and sensible approach to teaching Arabic in the 21st century, an integrated approach that weds Standard and Colloquial Arabic and accords them the equal status they deserve. Part Three moves the learner along from the Advanced level to the threshold of Superior.” Maher Awad, Senior Lecturer of Arabic, Certified ACTFL & ILR Tester, Rice University, USA “The best in reflecting the status quo of Arabic language and culture ... The topics are very dynamic, engaging, challenging and enjoyable. The authors make one of the finest contributions to the field. This is the product of a great effort that deserves the optimum compliments. I have no doubt that this book will positively impact the lives of many learners and teachers as well.” Mohammad Al-Masri, Director of the Arabic Flagship Program, University of Oklahoma, USA “Part Three of ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas is an ideal coursebook to assist learners of Arabic to move from an intermediate to an advanced level. I am impressed by the use of authentic texts which revolve around interesting and varied topics which are interesting both to teach as well as to study. All the activities in each unit are designed to support the learner in all four language skills. All in all, ‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three) will provide teachers with excellent communicative material which is actually usable in the classroom.” Jonathan Featherstone, Senior Teaching Fellow of Arabic, Edinburgh University, UK

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three) An Advanced Course in Arabic

Munther Younes Yomna Chami

First published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Munther Younes and Yomna Chami The right of Munther Younes and Yomna Chami to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Younes, Munther Abdullatif, 1952– Arabiyyat al-naas / by Munther Younes, Makda Weatherspoon, Maha Saliba Foster, Hanada Al-Masri, Yomna Chami. volumes cm. Volume 2 has subtitle: Intermediate course in Arabic Volume 3 has subtitle: Advanced course in Arabic Includes index. 1. Arabic language–Textbooks for foreign speakers–English. I. Title. II. Title: Intermediate course in Arabic. III. Title: Advanced course in Arabic. PJ6111.Y68 2014 492.7•82421–dc23 2013001630 ISBN: 978-0-415-50901-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-12471-0 (ebk) Typeset in Scala by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong The following images were sourced from Shutterstock (www.shutterstock.com): Group of Kurds sitting together outside, Sidon castle in Lebanon, Kurds celebrating Neiruz, Woman wrapped in American flag, Helen Thomas, Arabic calligraphy, Arabic writing, One Thousand and One Nights, Teacher and his students in the classroom, Man and woman in the lab, Fruit and vegetables, Humus plate, Woman cooking (chef ), Soccer player, Soccer players on the field, Basketball with Lebanese flag, Jerusalem mosque and church, Man behind bars, Bride and groom on the beach, Man looking in the mirror, Woman on the phone, Egyptian symbols and landmarks, Arabic poetry, Kids in Eastern and Western outfits, Man wearing traditional Arabic male outfit, Arabic men wearing different kinds of Egyptian gallabiya, Globe with coins, Jordanian currency, Bahrain currency, Male carpenter, Young Egyptian protestor, Egyptian protest, Husny Mubarak, Coin with Hebrew and Arabic writing, Old man carrying Jerusalem on his back, Mahmoud Abbas, Group of soldiers, Three helicopters in the sky over Iraq, George Bush, Drought-stricken tree, View of the Dead Sea, Cedars The following illustrations were drawn by Micah Garen: Sindbad and a group of merchants on the island, Sindbad flying with a bird, Sindbad with an old man on his shoulders The following illustrations were drawn by Anees Rabie: Monkey and turtle, Monkey and turtle swimming, Lion and donkey Audio recording credits: Batoul Almolki, Kyle Anderson, Samuel Belcher, Yomna Chami, Savannah Dowling, Nathan Floro, Lorena Michelen, Kadhim Owayez, Pierson Racanelli, Munther Younes

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Arabic–English Glossary

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Grammar Index

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Audio Track List

Acknowledgments This textbook would not have been possible without the assistance and cooperation of many people. First and foremost, the authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to the Routledge team, who have demonstrated the utmost professionalism and dedication throughout this project. In particular, we are grateful to the following people who have been involved at the different stages of the publication process: Andrea Hartill, Publisher in Language Learning; Isabelle Cheng, Senior Editorial Assistant, Colloquials and Language Learning; and Sarah May, Deputy Production Editorial Manager, Humanities. We could not have done it without you! We would also like to thank our colleagues and friends whose continuous support and appreciation for our unorthodox way of Arabic instruction have kept us going in our determination to complete this book and other books in the series. In particular, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following colleagues and friends (in alphabetical order): Enam Al-Wer, University of Essex; Hanada al-Masri, Denison University; Jeremy Palmer, the American University in Sharjah; Jonathan Featherstone, Edinburgh University; Kassem Wahba, Georgetown University; Kirk Belnap, Brigham Young University; Maher Awad, Rice University; Makda Weatherspoon, Cornell University; Mohammad al-Masri, University of Oklahoma; Salah El-Dine Hammoud, Air Force Academy, Colorado. Sincere gratitude and appreciation are also due to the following people who took part in the preparation and recording of the audio material in the book: our Advanced Arabic students at Cornell University Kyle Anderson, Samuel Belcher, Savannah Dowling, Nathan Floro, Rachel Greenspan, Brian Michael, Lorena Michelen, Pierson Racanelli, and Lucia Rafanelli; our colleagues Amna Ali, Anwar Hassan, Batoul Almolki, and Kadhim Owayez; and Nicholas LaVerne, Multimedia Development Manager at the Language Resource Center at Cornell. Finally, Yomna Chami would like to take this opportunity to express her gratitude and love to her brother Yamen for his constant care and love, and her friends, especially ES, for their support, patience and help when it was most needed. And most importantly, she would like to dedicate her work to and express her heartfelt thanks and gratitude for her beloved mother Sahar for her support, care, understanding, and endless love.

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

Basic rules of case assignment Nominative a. b. c. d. e.

The subject of a verb: The subject of an equational sentence: The predicate of an equational sentence: The subject of ( ) and its sisters ( The predicate of ( ) and its sisters (

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): this is the mood found after the particle “to”; after 2. Subjunctive ( all of which can be translated as “in order to”; and “will not”. In the plural, it is and its replacement by . marked by the dropping of the suffix 3. Jussive ( ): mainly after the negative particle (did not, was not). In the singular, it is marked by the deletion of the second root vowel in verbs based on hollow roots (as , which is based on ) and the third root vowel in verbs based on lame in , which is based on ). In the plural, the jussive mood is marked roots (as in and its replacement by . by the dropping of the suffix ) is based on the jussive and will be discussed in Unit 10. 4. The imperative ( Two of these moods, the declarative/indicative and jussive are exemplified by the verbs and in the following two sentences:

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with

in the following sentence (

), which is considered

Remember that non-human plural nouns such as ally treated as singular feminine nouns.

by the rules of

.

, etc. are grammatic-

28

29

Translate the phrases and sentences listed under ‫أ‬, which are taken from Unit One. Then find five examples of non-human plurals in the readings of this unit and the verb or adjective associated with each of them that has a singular form and translate them into English. Follow the examples.

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Examples from this unit:

. The policies of discrimination that the Turkish government practiced against the Arabs

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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30

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(the Passive Voice) You learned in that in by an internal vowel change, as shown in the words passages of this unit.

a verb can be made passive found in the reading

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

In , no such passive exists; passive meaning is conveyed by changing the verb form. Typically, a Form I verb is made passive by turning it into a Form VII verb as shown by the verbs “I was born” and “I was accepted”, found in the dialogue of the third lesson.

journalist

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.

(

father

–

to appear

first

isolation

those

colonel

terrorist

dean profits

(

opportunity

(

.

(

(

.

landing, bringing down

.

communication

(

.

to resign

.

to settle down

I mean, my intention

extremist

(

hero

–

.

planning coverage

–

to act

discrimination

accompanying, escorting

arithmetic

spaceship

alliance

source

drawing

interview

novelist

position, post news

(

.

•

(

.

Syriac surface

.

drunkard

immigration to face

–

to bury

exhibition

(

–

to devote his time

senate

side, direction

– –

significantly

liver to practice

–

to be accepted

artist ability

.

–

matter, affair political figure

(

(

to feel

.

. –

32

33

.

(nominee)

“

”

(consumers)

.

_______________ _______________

.

_______________

(safety requirements)

.(deaths)

_______________

_______________ (led)

Unsafe at Any Speed

“

_______________

.

”

_______________

(impose)

_______________

.

_______________

“

_______________

.

”

_______________

– . ______________________________________________________________________

.

___________________________________________________________________

.

_____________________________________________________________________

.

____________________________________________________________________

.

–

.

_____________________________________________________________________

.

___________________________________________________________________

.

-

.

______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. .

plan

planning

to plan

. .

. . .

. .

34

( unable (

. .

line, row

preference

member

broadcast

closely to hate

( local (

. .

magazine

–

interest

(

.

.

–

–

•

and so, in the end conversation, communication

.

episode

standpoint, position

(

debate

(

.

expert to mix

.

–

choice, option elite

to deny

–

to understand

complicated topic, subject

–

related to settlements to start

defender

(

(

to master

intelligence services settlement

–

to launch

–

identity

constitutional partnership coincidence conflict

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. .

.

.

_______________

(

(

.

_______________ _______________

(

( (

.

.

“

.

”

( _______________ _______________

.

.

_______________

“ (

” _______________

_______________

( .

– . .

. . . . . . .

36

37

“

”

“

”

. “

. “

”

”

“.

”

–

“

.

(

” “

.

identity

–

to justify

call, invitation

(

choice, option conversation, communication through to describe according to

”

debate

defender

to start

”

– “

broadcast

.

– –

. media

( magazine (

appearance, aspect

. .

and so, in the end media to mix launching

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.(✗ .

.

.

(✓

.

.

.

. .

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.

.

. . . . . . . .

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.

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–

. “

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”

. “

.

” “

. ”

38

39

“ –

“

”

” – “

”

.

.“

” “

“

.

”

“

.

”

” “.

”

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/51E3A460-FB43-4798-843E-3B0C3CDD5F96.htm

conflict

direction

constitutional side, direction

(

organization

. –

to add

–

to call, invite

–

to fight

within

–

to substitute

plan, project

tongue, language

–

member

to exceed seminar

(

.

–

executive

expert to make

–

protection

scapegoat the Arabic language

–

to enwrap

enabling interest

( to deny

.

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

(

(

.

.

“

.

”

. . . .

“

” “

”

.

.

40

41

(X)

•• • (VII)

– .

/ .

“

”

.

. .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

”“

.“

” ”

“. “

.

”

”

.“ .

“

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.

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.

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–“

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– .

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/62D99108-53C2-43EB-B4C7-D00433FA5A7D.htm

42

43

harassment

settlement

development standpoint, position

–

to aim

•

contribution coexistence

claim arm

– –

partnership local

(

(

.

–

take in, absorb

closely line, row

coincidence elite

.

intelligence services

the most prestigious post, position

(

.

confrontation it was proposed

corner

Ministry of Education

characteristic

to welcome

preference look for

–

reinforcement

–

to understand

unable

–

•

related to settlements

cooperation

to wonder

.

–

to launch fear, apprehension

to start

(

–

observation

– hidden

financing to tie, relate

– wall

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.(✗

(✓ .

. .

.

.

. . . . . . .

.

.

.

.

.

. ...

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.“ “.

.“

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. .

.“

.

. .

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“ “

. . . . . .

” ”

44

45

The Passive Voice, Passive Participles, and

+

You have learned that has what is called “internal passive voice” in which the vowels of the active verb are changed to produce passive meaning, as in , , etc., which are based on and . Passive participles and Form VII verbs are used in both and to convey passive meaning too, as in and . In addition to these structures uses the verb (and its derivatives) • to convey passive meaning, as in and which have the same meaning as the passive voice verbs and , respectively.

–

More on It was mentioned in the discussion of that an adjective agrees in case with the noun it modifies. Nouns and adjectives that are joined by a conjunction such as also have the same case, as in:

The subject of the verb is and thus should receive the nominative case. receives the same case assignment because it is conjoined to it by .

One more accusative: So far, you have learned that the list of accusative categories includes the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

the object of a verb the predicate of and its sisters the subject of and its sisters (generally answering “in what way?”) adverbs of place, time, and manner

One more category is what is called

and answers the question “How?”, as in the word

in the following sentence.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

– .

*

“.

”

“

*

“

.*

.

”

.

”

*

. .

* *

*

*

*

.*

.* *

. .

”

*

“. “

*

.

.

”

*

.

.

.

”

*

“

*

.

” *

.* *

.

*

”

*

.

(

(

. . .

.

46

47

. .

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . X

“

” “

.

” “

”

.

“

”

48

49

! complicating

episode

complicated

(

.

topic, subject

impression

– –

to master to hate those

(

(

•

real side lost, gone to welcome

–

– .

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

. . .

.

. .

.

. . . .

. .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

...

.

“

-

” _______________“

” ” ” ” ” ”

_______________“ _______________“ _______________“ _______________“ _______________“

. . . . . .

.

...

.

The best English translation of the construction ... is only. The phrase literally means the teacher did not speak (or would not speak) except , which would more idiomatically be rendered as the teacher spoke (or would speak) only .

...

.

You have learned in the two first parts of that words like and a few others are separated from a following verb by the particle , which has no meaning in that position. These words can be separated from by the subject of the verb, as shown in the example, instead of the teachers simplifying grammar ...

50

51

enabling

the most prestigious to add

executive

to launch

direction wall

broadcast

(

media claim settlement

.

impression

protection •

–

choice, option constitutional

–

.

to welcome

•

–

to justify

–

to exceed

conversation, communication look for

– –

development

arm to tie, relate

–

to wonder

to call, invite

(

to start

and so, in the end

hidden to mix

– –

to start

expert fear, apprehension

–

take in, absorb

real

(

–

to master

. –

to fight

call, invitation

.

launching

organization side, direction

(

–

to make

–

preference

debate

episode

–

financing

– –

observation corner partnership

cooperation coexistence reinforcement complicating to understand it was proposed

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

settlement

(

.

(

interest

coincidence

.

conflict

harassment appearance, aspect

(

.

(

.

through

(

member

confrontation

closely

characteristic

lost, gone

elite to deny to aim those

(

•

(

scapegoat

– – –

–

to hate tongue, language the Arabic language magazine

identity

(

. local

Ministry of Education

intelligence services

media to describe

–

to enwrap

–

to substitute

.

.

according to

topic, subject

(

–

unable

standpoint, position

seminar

. within

complicated post, position

(

line, row

plan, project

–

defender contribution

.

. _______________

.

_______________

.

_______________

_______________ _______________

.

_______________

52

53

.

_______________

.

_______________ _______________ _______________

(call for)

(ignore)

(are ignorant of )

_______________

.

.

_______________

_______________

_______________

.

_______________

–

. .

the construct

guest

first term of the construct phrase

. .

to add

–

–

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

II

III

54

55

-

. . . . “

” .

.

–

to wonder, marvel

it was published island

(

to hurt

.

to indicate

beside, close to snake

–

to slaughter, kill

neck ship rock

(

.

– – – – – –

to postpone

to rest to rise to sell

merchandise to remain merchant

(

.

–

57

lack of sleep

–

to beat

–

Roc bird

to be scared, literally, to die of fear

old (man)

diamond

deep

professional

–

to catch, hold

to be happy

cave wave

(

– –

to drown

baby bird

.

–

to get up fire

dome

sleepy

story

valley

(

.

to cut

pumpkin

piece

(

.

–

. (

(

( (

(

(

. .

( ( .

_______________

.

_______________ _______________

.

_______________

. _______________ . _______________ . _______________ _______________

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . .

.

.

– .

“

” “

” “

”

.

. .

.

. . . . .

“

”

58

59

“ “

” ”

.(

–

(Antoine Galland)

“

”

.

”

.

(Sir Richard Burton)

mistake

(

.

( event (

professional

island

–

it seem

(

absence

naming

to remain

to point at

to promise

–

to add

. . .

story

grammatical

to postpone to indicate

.(✗

.

.

.

.

. . . . . . . . .

.

.

.

– –

(✓

.

.

– –

following

it was published

.

“

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

(

.

.

“

”

.

“

”

. .

“

”

.

...

.

It was mentioned in Unit Three that the best English translation of the construction ... is only. The same applies to the construction ... . Now translate the following sentence into idiomatic English:

.

. You learned in that when either of the two words possessive suffix or is the first term of , then a vowel is suffixed to vowel can be , , or , depending on the case of the word, as follows: Nominative

Accusative

Genitive

“

” “ .

”

and and

has a . The

60

61

. .

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(What is the deleted letter?) Each of the following verbs is missing a root letter. Identify the missing letter and comment on its deletion, as in the example.

.

“

(

”

(

–

to drown piece

(

. wood

–

fire

merchant

–

to grow

. ship

–

to wake up

(

to rest

–

. . (

•

. .

. .

.

. .

62

63

. . .

.

. .

.

(retell)

(

–

–

to untie

sleepy

–

to catch, hold

dome

snake around me

around her, it to wonder, marvel

valley

turban

deep to regret

–

to yell, scream

–

to rise

– –

. .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

. .

. .

. (

.

.

.

.

.

. .

. .

.

.( .

.“

.

.

.

.

(

.

(

.

”

.

– –

to be scared, literally, to die of fear cave

diamond to hide

–

inside

•

. . . . .

64

65

pocket

(

.

to be happy to congratulate

lack of sleep

– –

Roc bird

–

to block

–

•

–

to stick

. .

.

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.( . .

.

.

.

.

. .

. .

(retell)

.

. . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

You have learned that when a verb precedes its subject in , it remains in the singular even when the subject is in the dual or the plural, as shown in the following examples:

.

.

. . .

.

When the verb follows, it agrees with the subject in number. In , on the other hand, the verb agrees with the subject in number, whether it precedes or follows its subject, as in the example:

.

.

(

–

66

67

rock

(

wave

(

.

merchandise

.

beside, close to

–

to pull

old (man)

baby bird

–

to point at

to slaughter, kill to throw

.

. .

.

. .

. .

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

. .

.

.

– –

.

.

.

–

to sell

.

.

.

. . . .

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

– – –

to continue to beat

back

– –

to cut

while carrying him

to wrap

pumpkin

neck

–

to fill up

–

grapes

I became depressed

crisis, disaster

I fainted ••

her, it

skin

–

to slacken, relax,

to hurt

become loose

to get up to point at

– – –

. .

.

.

.

.

. .

. (

. .

. .

. .

.

.

. . . . .

68

69

. . .

. .

.

.

.

. .

.

. You have learned that

and

can both be translated as “to become”:

.

. When used in combination with a verb, as in:

and

have the meaning “to begin”,

. After this match, al-Aynaoui started to enjoy wide popularity.

.

Now translate the following two sentences:

.

.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

(Form IX)

-

(I) (II)

-

(III) (IV) (V) (VI) (VII) (VIII)

-

(X)

-

(Q1) ••

(IX)

/ / /

.

• • •

. When a verb takes two objects like is used to “carry” the direct object:

direct object

and both objects are pronouns then the particle

indirect object

.

When only one noun is replaced by the object pronoun

is not used:

.

.

70

71

. The conjunction is often used to start a clause that describes a condition. In such clauses is called and is translated as “while”.

. . . . . .

–

– –

to sell it seem merchandise

(

–

.

–

I became depressed to point at to hurt

naming

to indicate

–

to rest

to wonder, marvel

it was published

(

to rise

.

to continue skin

beside, close to inside

•

–

to postpone

to add

to hide

island

...

–

to point at

to remain merchant

–

– – – – – – – –

I fainted to stick her, it

– ••

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

–

to get up

dome story

(

. (

(

event

.

–

.

around her, it snake

lack of sleep

wood

following

mistake

–

to wrap

(

.

neck

–

to be scared, literally,

– – –

to throw

to die of fear

to pull diamond

to block

–

•

professional

ship

–

to yell, scream

crisis, disaster

to wake up

cave

rock

–

to fill up wave

(

–

to slaughter, kill

to point at

to catch, hold

.

around me

to cut piece

(

pocket

.

(

.

to beat

– – –

Roc bird fire

grammatical

back old (man)

–

to regret

turban

sleepy

deep

– –

to grow to congratulate valley while I was carrying him to promise pumpkin

grapes to drown

absence to be happy

–

– –

baby bird to untie

–

72

73

.

“ “

_______________

. (remained)

”

.(servants)

”

(

••

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

(long for, miss)

. _______________ (mules)

(

••

_______________

.

_______________

_______________

_______________ _______________ _______________

(slut)

_______________

.

(sword)

. . . . . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

–

I

. .

to postpone

.(

-

. .

. .

74

(

ambition

mind

.

(

rumor

.

to appoint

(

.

blind faith

–

decrease

absence unknowns, metaphysics chapter

(

lack of scholar, researcher

. improvement

(

.

related to physics

(

regression

.

to wonder

chemistry no doubt intelligence (services) area

(

to discuss

.

but rather, in fact

astronomy church

(

to breathe size

(

– – .

to recite

.

to contribute

article

to control

side

to encourage

–

class

(

.

– – –

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. ” _______________ .

“ .

(

.

_______________

(

.(

.

“

_______________

(

.

.

(

. .

_______________

”

.

.

_______________

(

.(

.

. . .

_______________ _______________

( (.

. “

”

“

”

(imposed)

“

”

.

. . . . . . . . .

76

77

/

– .

“

” .

.

.

“

”

.

.

. .

.“

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

” “.

–

to discuss

chemistry

power rumor

(

related to physics

.

scholarship

frank ambition

(

photography

.

to appoint

field, area

.“

consultant

(

.

” (ID card)

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ (positions, appointments)

(

(

. .

“

”

. .

“ “

.

” ”“

”

. .

“

”

“

”

–

78

79

– “ algebra

”

algorithm

. “

.

.

“ ”

”

“

“

.

. ”

”

“

.“

”

”

.

. . . “

”

“

” .

.

.

.

Babylonian to explain improvement

(

.

–

perimeter

astronomy to contribute chapter area

( size

( (

.

. .

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“

”

____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

. .

“

“.

.algebra

.

”

“ ”

.“

”

“

”

”

“ “

algorithm

“ .“

“

” .

”

”

” “

”

”

.

(. .

..

.

(was deleted)

.(X)

..

“ ••

”

.

80

81

(

”

.“ .

(

(

-

(

(

(

-

(

. “ .

“

(

” “

. ” ”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

“

”

“

”

.

”

“

”

.“ .

.

.

. .

.

–

to wonder

no doubt

article

side mind

(

. –

regression

lack of

warning

to control

website

–

to push

– – –

to describe to encourage to form

–

to cite, bring as evidence

spending matter, issue

(

.

comparison

–

to contribute

choosing to conduct

decrease

– critic

development to comment scholar, researcher

(

.

–

82

83

confirmation, verification

–

to be widespread, dominate church

(

.

( line, rank (

.

evidence, proof but rather, in fact

–

to challenge concept

–

to breathe

blind faith unknown, metaphysics

.

superstition

(

.

absence

denying

– “ “

. . . .

”

” –

. .

.

.

“

.

“

. .

” “

. “

”

.

” “

.

.“

. . .

” ” ”

. . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

.

..

.(VIII)

.(III)

•• •

(imperfect)

(challenge)

! class

(

.

expert

extension

educational

amount of

memorization

intelligence (services)

analysis

rehabilitation, qualification

what, the thing that

technical

–

to recite qualified

– ... “

.“

.“

.“

.“

.“

” ” ” ” ” ”

. . . . . .

84

85

. .

.

.

.

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . .

.

.

.

. . .

.

. .

.

.

.

. . .

. . .

.

.

.

. You learned in that when the particles are followed by or , which is followed in turn by a verb, or + the verb can be replaced by , as in:

/ /

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

.

. .

.

. Notice the dual form of the noun and the adjective. Can you tell what case they are in and why? (Refer to the brief discussion of in Unit One.)

warning improvement

(

.

matter, issue

analysis

rumor

(

.

educational

spending

–

blind faith

photography

choosing

development to breathe size

(

.

–

to cite, bring as evidence

–

extension decrease

memorization

lack of

expert superstition

( to push

.

Babylonian scholar, researcher

–

evidence, proof to recite

(

confirmation, verification

regression to wonder

– .

to conduct

–

(

.

but rather, in fact rehabilitation, qualification to challenge

–

86

87

chemistry no doubt

to contribute

qualified

to control

what, the thing that

to encourage

field, area

to explain

perimeter

to form

intelligence (services) area consultant

(

(

concept

.

(

– – – – – –

to be widespread, dominate

frank

.

( line, rank (

. .

class

.

power, energy

comparison

ambition

article

( mind

.

(

amount of

to comment

scholarship

to appoint

website

unknowns, metaphysics

critic

(

chapter

–

. astronomy

denying

technical

–

to describe

related to physics church

(

.

. (

(

_______________

.

– –

absence

side to discuss

.

. _______________ _______________

.

(

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

_______________ _______________

_______________ _______________ .

_______________

.

_______________

.

_______________

. _______________

_______________

. –

.

memorization

88

89

–

.

. (memorization)

.

. .

officer

(

.

proof

(

.

necessary

broadcast

flour

proof, evidence

divorce ton

(

(

.

achievement

.

–

to cooperate

trademark

civil war

creative conservative favorite amount

(

. ownership

fat, ghee fireman loaf of bread record

(

(

( .

.

.

appetite

91

. (

.

.

. .

_______________ _______________

(

.

.

_______________

(

.

.

_______________

(

.

(

. .

_______________

_______________

(

.

.

_______________

(

.

numbers

“ (

”

(

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

. .

. “

.

.

“

.“

“

”

”

” ”

“

”

.

. .

.“

“ .“ ”

.

” ” “

“

”

” ‘

’

.“

”

92

93

reclamation, getting

very quickly,

(something) back

no sooner ... than ... title

–

to surpass, exceed amount

(

listing, enumerating

.

civil war invasion

giant

–

to cooperate

•

party, side experienced

supervision

creative

–

to take, assume

invention

direction

–

to add

competition

list

ownership trademark proof, evidence

(

record

.

(

(

. achievement

can

victory

•

breaking

to have proof

.

ton

product to export

•

plate, dish

(

. diameter

food, diet

arbitrator, referee

–

surrendering, relinquishing

– _____________________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ ____________________________________________

. . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

– .

“

”

– “

. .

”

.

(steps)

(

• . .

The two-letter word

can be pronounced in four different ways:

.

.

.

.

, generally translated as “if” is of relatively rare occurrence. So it will be left out of the discussion. has two distinct usages: a. After words like and , where it has the same function as , which is to separate such words from a following verb. This usage was discussed in Unit Five. , , , b. After verbs like , etc. where it functions as the equivalent of English “to” of the infinitive. and have the same function and they both can be translated into English that. There are two main differences between the two sisters: first, is found after the verb (and its derivatives) and, second, it is found at the beginning of a sentence where it often has an emphasizing meaning that is untranslatable. is found everywhere else.

“ ”

.

“ ”

94

95

(

– ”

...

.

“...

!

... ... ...

-

...

...

...

...

...

. ”

.“

.

...

.

... ...

”

.“

... ...

... ...

...

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

–

to be burning

then, all of a sudden

waiting

voice

God’s prayers, praise God

–

–

•

to cover

sweat

–

•

onions

fried

yearning

–

to be patient

disappointment to have control over

appointment

one’s heart

to become hard like a stone

–

broadcast

– –

to be burned

•

potato

–

to flow to hide, conceal

– –

to be placed

delicious

•

–

. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________

.______________________________________________________________ . .

.

. .

.

.

. . . . . .

96

97

– !

. “ .“

” ”

.

.

.

–

to enjoy

to leave

meal

–

to take food to be bored loaf of bread

fireman

(

.

officer

–

(

(

.

.

–

widening elephantiasis

._______________

._______________ ._______________

._______________

_______________ _______________

.

_______________

._______________ ._______________ .

(✗ .

. . . . . . .

(✓ .

. .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

. . .

.

. It was pointed out in Unit Three that voice ( ).

•

has the same function as the passive

The verb is used differently in the story in the phrase phrase the verb simply means “took place, happened”.

. In this

2. One more accusative Nouns found after the numbers 11–99 receive the accusative case, as in

.

The two passages of this lesson include a number of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs in the accusative case. Identify these words and indicate why they receive the accusative case. Follow the example:

. You have learned that the particle

has two different functions:

1. If it is followed by a verb in the perfect then it serves only to affirm that the action has taken place. In an English translation, it is generally better to leave out . Bayt al-Hikma became famous in research, translation and publishing. Al-Khawarizmi’s book “... ” was translated into Latin in the 12th century

. “... .

”

2. If is followed by a verb in the imperfect then it has the meaning of may or might. This usage of is much more restricted than its usage before a perfect verb.

98

99

And when he was asked about the rumors which say that he might nominate himself for the Egyptian presidential elections, Zuweil said . . .

...

There are instances where • •perfect has a function similar to that of the past perfect tense in English (had • •past participle), particularly if a clause contains two verbs, one clearly preceding the other in time in the past, as in the following sentence:

.

He found that it had burned and hardened like a stone.

. .‫أ‬

(he/it) is placed

. .

he is able they mix

.. ...

. .

I

and so he hid

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

x

I

. .

••

– •

outside

conservative

fat, ghee

they loved each other

flour

(it) continued to get bigger divorce

. .

. .

“

”

. .

“

”

.

. .

100

101

” . . .

“

.

.

” . .

“

. .

“

.

” .

.

– necessary

fight

–

to imagine

appetite

–

to put forth, apply

request, application

to wash

–

to taste

– –

to convince

favorite

few days

cockroach

. .

“

. .

.

.“

.

. .

.

.( .... .

”

” “

“

” “

“

.

”

”

”

. .

.

” . . .

“ ”

“

.

.

”

.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

One of the main differences between and colloquial Arabic is that atically dropped word-finally in the colloquial, as in:

The equivalent of the verb a lame verb that is conjugated like third person pronouns.

–

to cooperate

to take food

direction widening

–

to convince proof

(

broadcast supervision

invention

civil war

reclamation, getting (something) back

arbitrator, referee disappointment to taste loaf of bread record

(

(

.

to flow

.

.

–

•

outside proof, evidence

(

fat, ghee

(

– –

to be burned

they loved each other

fireman

– – – .

•

to take, assume

–

••

to add

– – –

to enjoy

is . This at the end of makes it , where the final vowel is dropped before

to hide, conceal

listing, enumerating to be burning

in and

is system-

. onions

potato to become hard like a stone

•

–

achievement surrendering, relinquishing

–

to imagine

–

102

103

–

to put forth, apply

very quickly, no sooner ... than ...

diameter

appetite

breaking

yearning

few days list •

to have

•

delicious

– –

to be patient to export cockroach God’s prayers, praise God

title creative experienced

voice officer

(

.

necessary

conservative

•

plate, dish

elephantiasis

flour

favorite amount

(

•

party, side

.

divorce

fried

– –

to be bored to have control over one’s heart

request, application ton

(

. fight

(it) continued to get bigger

ownership competition

sweat trademark

waiting

can

product

giant

appointment

food, diet

victory

invasion

to be placed to leave

meal

to wash

– –

to cover

– –

then, all of a sudden to surpass, exceed

–

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

“ (

•

_______________

“

”

_______________

“.

.

.(pound)

.“

.

” _______________ “

”

” .

_______________

/

(level) (was stuck)

_______________

.

.

”

_______________

. “ ” _______________

“

_______________” (press conference)

“.

” (nutrition expert) _______________

(desire)

.

(

••

_______________

.

_______________

.

. •• ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

–

104

105

_____________________________________________________________

(

.

__________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

. . . . . . . . .(

. .(

“

. .

” .

. . .

.

.

. .

statement tie passing (the ball) preliminary

– crowd league

giant

(

. (

–

to resume

–

to apologize to have enough

.

–

discontinuation, interruption champion

(

to qualify

practical team

framework to host

execution, carrying out to take place

–

to master

.

–

endurance to lead

–

107

occasion

cup

team

financial

desired

match

skill point

(

.

to face

scorer journey

–

(

. complicated

first division, distinguished

.

_______________

.“ ( (

(

”

_______________

(

.

.

_______________ _______________

._______________ (

. .

.

(its counterpart)

.

“

” (

_______________ _______________

( _______________

(

. . . . . . .

. . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

–

.

.

.

. . ( (

.

(

.“

”

(

(

.(

.( . .

108

109

practical

cup

–

to prevent

match

discontinuation, interruption

–

to host

to follow to take place

point

– –

team

(

.

tie it was decided, supposed to happen

sponsorship

financial

–

(

(

.“

.

” . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

– -“

” “

. “

“ ”

/

“

”

”

. .

-

”

“

.

”

” “

.“

”

-

-

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/df3f668a-2791-4cca-a7eb-48ea6fbecd2a

framework

champion

pointing

.

–

to enter (into a

away game

attendance

fight, competition) friendly

home game

crowd

-

to apologize

delegation to lead

(

team

–

to achieve

.

confrontation

statement

–

(

host league

desired

. . _______________

_______________

. .

_______________

_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

“

”

. .

110

111

. _______________

.

“

”

–

(

–

(.

(exceptional, irregular)

–

. .

– –

. –

.

–

– .

–

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/DE1BBE8C-7148-4FA5-9D8D-5CFF0EE4F6BB.htm? GoogleStatID• 9

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

journey

(

. •

achievement

– –

to qualify to face

.

“. .

. .

” (✗

(✓

.

. . .

. . . . . .

.

.

–

. .

.

– “ “

” ”

. . .

–

– .

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/9C01DED7-FA5C-428D-9394-CE13E034BC3F.htm? GoogleStatID• 9

112

113

to win

point to have enough

–

–

–

• scorer

. ._______________

. . . .

_______________

._______________

._______________ ._______________

_______________ _______________

_______________

– .“

. ”

“

”

“

”

“

.

”

. . .

.

occasion preliminary

to resume

-

first division, distinguished to stop

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

– ._______________ “

.

. .

_______________

._______________

”

–

(

! passing (the ball)

sport

execution, carrying out •

during giant

special

(

skill

.

above all this

complicated

endurance

it was the last day

a critical component

I did that

to master

–

. .

. .

.

.

. “

.

” “

.

.

.

.

. .

“

”

. .

” . .

.

.

114

115

.

“ .

. .

.

” “

.

.

.

. .

” “

”

.

“ .

.

“

”

. . .

” –

...

-

( You will see in the discussion of the deletion of certain letters in Unit Nine that in the of dual and sound plural nouns and adjectives is deleted in nouns and adjectives that function as the first term of or to which a possessive pronoun is attached. This explains the deletion of in . However, this rule seems to be restricted to ; as we heard in the interview with , the remains in the word which is the first term in the phrase .

–

to host to apologize to have enough

–

to master

–

during

•

framework

discontinuation, interruption champion

(

.

delegation

•

achievement

home game to resume

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

team

(

.

–

to qualify

cup

endurance

it was the last day

–

to lead

I did that

statement financial

tie

match

to win

scorer journey

(

–

–

•

passing (the ball)

.

preliminary

pointing

execution, carrying out

host

to stop

complicated

–

to take place

first division, distinguished

crowd

special

–

to prevent

it was decided, supposed to happen

attendance

occasion

– –

to achieve

team

to enter (into a

desired

fight, competition)

skill

league

confrontation

away game

(

sponsorship

point

.

to face

–

sport

friendly

giant

above all this to follow

(

. practical

–

a critical component

.

_______________ (postponing)

(

_______________

(round)

.

116

117

(marketing)

_______________

(transmission)

”

”

(contests)

_______________

“

“

_______________

(

_______________

•

_______________ _______________

(breaking the fast in Ramadan)

“

_______________

”

_______________

.

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/e0b1e459-5ef0-41c1-808a-c1bbfd0e7d40

. –

– –

brave

courage

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

-

.

.

. .

.

.

/ .

....

. .

. .

118

to lead to

considering

-

to boast to criticize

behavior

to insist to put, place, deposit (in jail)

(

device

(

dinner breaking

. barber

-

execution

solidarity an indivisible part

-

to make someone angry

-

(

.

the fast of Ramadan insult

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

Islamic law ritual

(

.

campaign

-

to show, air, display

background pig

(

.

punishment

betrayal

civil series

(

.

constitution

-

to call for

it is supposed to be

to be surprised

detailed

sin

meant file

(

under investigation •

atheist, infidel

(

.

-

customer

.

(

.

-

to imprison to control

.

.

_______________

“

”

( _______________

(

.

.

_______________

(

.

(legislation)

.

_______________

“

.

”

( _______________

(

.

.

files

.

120

121

. . . . . . .

! .

. .

“ “

“ .

”

”

” .

.

.“

” “

” “

”

” “

”

.“

. . “ “

.

” ”

“

.“

” ”

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.“

”

” “. “

.“

” ”

“. .“

” .

” .

-

to be raised, lifted withdrawal

to lead to

value

-

to receive

-

firing, expelling editor

popularity

union, syndicate

solidarity

to suffer

separating, separation constitution

to imprison to defend

-

cancellation

to call for

Islamic law

the most courageous

resource considering to deny to draw, derive

-

betrayal absence of morals

-

-

to make someone angry

•

-

if not

-

straightforward, frank negative campaign transforming civil optimistic

122

123

“

” -

___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

-

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

“

” “

“ “

”

” .“

“

” ”

”

. . . . . . .

Obligatory Absence of Relative Pronouns You learned in that one of the ways in which Arabic and English differ in their usage of relative pronouns is the obligatory absence of a relative pronoun in certain constructions, like . The English translation typically includes a relative pronoun: Aleppo is located on a trade route that connects Europe with Asia.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

-

” “

”

“

.

”

.“

. .

”

Resumptive Pronouns You learned in that the pronouns in the word and word in the following two clauses is called a resumptive pronoun ( in Arabic):

in the

The English equivalent of such clauses does not allow these resumptive pronouns. So the house which I lived in it* and the kufiyyah which I bought it* are both ungrammatical.

. ”“

.“

” “

. “

”

.“ ”

. .

” ...

”

.

“ ” The Different Uses of You have learned that the particle has a number of different functions: a negative particle ( and ), interrogative particle ( ) and meaning “what” or “that” ( ), among other things, as in the following examples:

. .

124

125

-

“ ” .

“

.

” “... “

. (

.

“

”

. . . . .

”

•

. (challenge)

-

“

”

“

”

.“

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

“ “

.

”

”

” “

. (hard drive)

. “

.

”

“

.

.

”

. “

.

.

”

.

.

“

.

”

.

. .

.

. .

“ “

” ”

“. .

.

.

. “

” ”

126

127

to support

-

-

•

to put, place, deposit (in jail) (

-

punishment

insult

execution

hiding

pig

device

customer

(

. -

to control to be surprised

behavior

.

to examine file

(

calm

to insist

-

to criticize

interfere

barber

-

to boast

shame

atheist, infidel

•

to ridicule

-

revealing under investigation

detailed still

endowed with, having

-

to face, confront

background to provoke

-

. .(✗ .

.“

.

“

.“

” .

“

(✓ ”

. .

“ “ ” ” “

”

” ”

. . . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . .

/

/

.

.

.

/ / /

/

/ / / / / / . /

/

/ / /

/ /

/ /

/

/“ / /

/

/

/ / /

”/

/

/ / / / / /

/

/ /

/

-

. . . . . .

(issue, case)

“

. .

”

The words and belong to a group of nouns known in Arabic grammar as (the five nouns). They are characterized by the addition of a vowel , depending on their case assignment, when a possessive pronoun is attached to them or when they form the first term of . To this group also belongs the word , which has the shapes , depending on its case in the sentence.

.

*

.

.

*

.

. *

.

. Sentences like are known as “equational” or “verbless” sentences. An equational sentence consists of a subject (noun or pronoun) and a predicate (noun, adjective, adverb, or a prepositional phrase). Such sentences often have a pronoun called (pronoun of separation) that agrees in number and gender with

128

129

the subject which has a function similar to that of the verb to be in English. This pronoun can be left out without affecting the grammaticality or the meaning of the sentence. So is also grammatical.

. Active participles like , which are derived from lame roots lose their final when they are indefinite and in the nominative or genitive case. The vowel is replaced by , thus “ ” “ ” .

.

“

.

.

”

“

“

”

” “

”

.

“

”

! -

to mean it is supposed to be dinner breaking the fast of Ramadan

(

.

to separate ritual

(

.

-

an indivisible part to clarify

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

washing sin

(

series

.

(

.

to show, air, display

gracious, noble

-

definite

meant

point of view

-

take an oath, swear

-

to practice

just, simply

-

impatiently

. .

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

. .

.

. .

. .

.

.

. .

.

.

.

. . . .

.

.

.

.

. . .

.

. . . -

130

131

It was mentioned in Unit Six that the particle is used after verbs like , , , etc. with the meaning “to”, as in: “she wants to participate in the contest”. has no such particle in this position:

. The question beginning of the program is clearly phrased in

to boast to criticize

-

, which the interviewer asks at the . The equivalent in would be:

the most courageous

transforming

to lead to

-

interfere

to insist

behavior

to make someone angry

solidarity

to put, place,

-

to examine

-

to receive

-

(

-

hiding execution

device barber

-

revealing dinner breaking

(

.

the fast of Ramadan

campaign

if not

background pig betrayal to defend

-

deposit (in jail)

an indivisible part

take an oath, swear

-

to provoke

-

insult

-

•

to draw, derive

-

considering

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

constitution

impatiently

-

to separate

separating, separation

to be surprised

definite

sin

-

to mean

value gracious, noble

-

(

to imprison

-

negative Islamic law cancellation

it is supposed to be

popularity

detailed

straightforward, frank

meant •

atheist, infidel

.

firing, expelling ritual

-

to deny

union, syndicate calm to face, confront

-

(

.

shame

to suffer

-

absence of morals to show, air, display

-

punishment

point of view to clarify

-

to control

resource

(

-

to ridicule

civil

file

-

withdrawal

editor

.

.

•

just, simply

(

-

under investigation to support

optimistic

series

(

to be raised, lifted customer

-

.

endowed with, having

still to practice

-

to call for

-

washing

132

133

.

“

.

-

”

(condemned)

_______________

(gathering)

_______________

. .

_______________

.“

”

_______________ (consider holy)

_______________

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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(she) provoked

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134

135

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to be satisfied

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to convince

surprise, thinking of something as strange to take advantage of

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to lower

carelessness

smooth rumor

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137

( rumor

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shining

evil person

tray

slow

honest

janitor, doorman

silent

dust, sand

silence

promotion

(

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-

to be polluted

victim

fixed

-

to harm to divorce

-

to remain

•

ignorant forehead dose

shadow sane

(

eyebrow

.

spear

wide

protective •

despicable

silver

barber

cotton

helpful

•

dangerous

-

to wave

soft house shoes

conspiracy

light

unstable

-

to ruin

particular

chin

•

closed

smell

surprise

dancer

sailor

button, cufflink

eyeglasses

(

colleague

good looks

(

.

.

reputation

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

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138

139

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141

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to charge

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experienced silver

mirror good looks

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

gaze down turned

glowing

•

smooth

-

to remain

-

•

attached

smell

chin

familiar

reddened by blood congestion •

closed

collar

-

to block

hard

grey

solid

chandelier

-

to put

bright

pin

oil painting

-

to slip

sailor

to fall

edge paddle

(

fixed

.

janitor, doorman

implanted

look hat

-

to draw the attention

-

to get engaged surprise, thinking of something as strange

wide

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to pray

wedding

promotion

shining

-

to hang to spread Pharaonic

sky to mumble to be confused step

•

dress, gown

(

.

to knock

eyeglasses

sweat

soft house shoes

bell

-

to depend (upon)

light •

in front of

(

to be satisfied •

-

to make up one’s mind unstable prevail

-

to sting

dancer

to smile

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child

dark-skinned sober, level-headed

-

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142

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143

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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144

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145

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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to hurt to lay

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sand

146

147

(

to turn

-

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to honor sane

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. -

to deserve

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(

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to appear

•

heel smooth

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no longer escape

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to spray

colleague

moderation

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permission

to be thought of well

salary

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to wish

•

to manage, take care of

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penny to advise

(

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to shake

my son

to have to

-

to shake

joke beetle (pun on the Beatles)

•

leg

large intestines

convinced

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to look

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carefully

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in general

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“

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148

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149

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. .

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to disobey

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do you need (miss) anything

alone

•

burden

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really •

never

God forbid insistence, persistence teachers’ college

•

you (formal) to please

never mind

-

to turn around • conflict break in relations inheritance honest it is my right

.

to clarify

sensitive immediately

welfare, interest data

(

with concentration to imagine document

(

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particular handkerchief slowly

150

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151

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“ .

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152

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

tooth

(

.

to look

-

seems

secretive

-

-

to give birth

put

forehead to be wet

(

. -

to get satisfied

table/desk

-

to shout, scream almost

-

rumor

(

.

to become hard or severe

-

to lower

-

it was said

-

•

-

to whisper

seriousness •

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to tremble

getting up to be covered

-

•

blurry

eyelid

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to divorce

despicable need

-

directly, immediately

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154

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155

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(give)

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

..

.

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! .

-

156

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157

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

beating around the bush

superstition

-

to swear (as in oath)

-

may God forgive to keep

possible, probable

let’s say

just

-

to tarnish to be the cause of

let’s assume it is so kinship •

satisfied, it would have

-

to make up

threatening

-

to collide

it’s not my business • to deny

-

to take advantage of

paddle

-

aimed spear ignorant

libel, slander

-

to bring to contain

to ignore

.(✗ . .“

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shame

either ... or ...

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pleasure

been sufficient for them

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to boycott

they would have been

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158

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159

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(tone)

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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160

(

161

bad reputation

evil person

victim

•

don’t you want to

protective

(

(

.

here I am

•

plan

-

to imply, hint to point (to)

-

to launch

-

on behalf of

squandering

silencing

prosecution, public

to bring

prosecutor’s office

-

to bother

-

to clear

confrontation

•

silent

•

warning

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close the case

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to wave •

to appreciate

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leaving

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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162

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163

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hesitant

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to confront

forehead buried

(

(is) no longer conspiracy arranged good intention

dose drop

-

.

wrinkled

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to fabricate • carelessness

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

•

•

•

pale

Would you accept?

-

to whisper

silent

this exactly, particularly

thin

to suggest rumor

•

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.

-

it is supposed to be torso •

not to to harm

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to commit, abide by

to look at

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intensity sudden

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164

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

.

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.

.

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.

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.

to offer opportunity

(

.

-

to get affected to kindly do something

restoring one’s good standing

to hang on

-

to break a promise

-

to give up

between you and me forced to

dangerous to thicken layer

(

-

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to act, behave

.

to convince to change his/her mind

amorphous

-

department

faint, low

cancellation

closing

helpful post

.

.

.

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.

.

166

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167

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

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to be intent, be bent on to hide to ruin stranger

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by the way to commit suicide

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to be polluted What does this have to do with,

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what’s the relationship? maybe

•

doubt

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rumor

(

.

168

169

( bad

pavement mirror

(

.

judgement

sleeve scratch

to brush off

eyebrow

dust/sand

lacerated •

door knob

-

-

to calm down

shadow

(

-

to hold on

to notice stairs

-

to hit, affect

swollen

blood

-

to get up

copper

.

car

(

.

•

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.

cotton

slow

again, anew

light to cross

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Letters are often deleted as a result of specific grammatical processes. The most common that you have already seen are the following:

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. •

•

•

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(

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(hollow)

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170

171

(

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(follow)

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. .

.

.

.

•

•

.

to hide, conceal

•

to turn around

•

don’t you want to

to hurt

-

to make up

to lay to turn

Isn’t this correct?

-

to disobey

to launch to get up

permission

-

silencing

. ... (

•

to swear (as in oath) to convince

insistence, persistence

...

(

to add

-

•

either ... or ...

•

to hit, affect

smooth

(

-

to point (to)

large intestines

rumor

.

•

not to

-

.

•

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to give birth

.

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rumor

•

(

.

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.

172

173

( to appear

-

-

•

•

slow

leaving •

carelessness

alone •

my son

to be wet

janitor, doorman data

(

to bring

.

to be confused

-

to get affected to look at

squandering

-

to imagine

to tremble to deserve to give up

surprise

-

dust, sand

-

to be the cause of

to hold on to collide

moderation

-

to take care

libel, slander

to suggest

to act, behave to become hard or severe to look to charge to thicken to kindly do something to be polluted

-

threatening

-

to be covered to be satisfied to commit, abide by to look teachers’ college •

-

•

to commit suicide

to mumble to wish

-

to take advantage of

promotion to hang on

to slip •

by the way

with concentration

-

to depend (upon)

bright

fixed layer

(

-

-

to keep

between you and me

to ignore

-

to smile

.

dress, gown ignorant

slowly carefully

•

to clear shining

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

conflict

forehead

-

to lack

(

.

seriousness torso

beetle (pun on the Beatles)

bell

need (Levantine)

dose

-

to manage, take care of

(

eyelid

pin

-

to pray to knock to massage

•

blood to ruin

(

drop

eyebrow

-

to block

• intensity spear

-

to be intent, be bent on

-

protective

•

sensitive

. chin smell

good intention

-

to contain close the case

dancer

really

smooth

despicable

necktie

judgement

restoring one’s good standing

barber

sober, level-headed

faint, low

-

to spray to put

scratch helpful

pavement thin grey wind from Sahara

to get engaged plan

(

(

.

.

-

dangerous

(

. (

-

to lower

wedding colleague

superstition

step

(sandstorm) button, cufflink

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to bring

degree, grade, post, extent to fabricate

.

.

soft house shoes light

174

(

175

leg

shame

may God forgive you

(

sane

.

to please

burden to cross to change his/her mind car

(

.

(

•

•

shadow

. -

to offer

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(

ladder, stairs

.

sky dark-skinned reputation

sweat

tooth

(

.

wide

bad

-

to hang to have to

(

•

you (formal) rumor

(

.

in general

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immediately

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to cross

to be thought of well stranger

to honor

(

.

evil person

-

prevail

cancellation

•

(

doubt

-

to spread opportunity

.

honest silent

silver •

-

to shout, scream

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to tarnish

Pharaonic

in front of

-

-

to layer

•

hard

hat

silence

-

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department

tray

to make up one’s mind

.

to bother

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to cut

(

victim

-

to harm

cotton

edge

break in relations

child

it was said almost

-

-

to divorce to remain

-

•

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

pleasure

paddle

they would have been

unstable

satisfied, it would have

swollen

been sufficient for them

(

.

secretive

experienced

heel

just

sleeve •

reddened by blood congestion possible, probable

it’s not my business

solid

God forbid

arranged mirror

(

.

glowing

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to sting

salary gaze down turned document

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.

-

to draw the attention

aimed

•

warning

light

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welfare, interest

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forced to

to notice

•

never

-

let’s say •

buried particular blurry

oil painting

implanted

let’s assume it is so •

closed

-

to wave

familiar

closing

conspiracy

surprise

what does this have to do with,

escape

•

it is supposed to be door knob

•

never mind

convinced

directly, immediately

sailor attached, stuck penny

what’s the relationship?

amorphous wrinkled

•

hesitant

176

(

177

joke

again, anew

getting up

it is my right

on behalf of

handkerchief

prosecution, public

table/desk

prosecutor’s office

lacerated •

here I am

confrontation

-

to calm down

ajar (door)

this exactly, particularly

put, placed

-

to shake

inheritance

do you need (miss) anything

chandelier

-

to whisper

copper

look, appearance

kinship

-

to confront

to advise

that was followed by

eyeglasses

good looks

to brush off

-

to clarify

-

to deny

collar

to break a promise

-

.

_______________

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.

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.

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_______________

_______________

.

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.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“

”

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.

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178

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179

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Extra credit

(increasing)

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.

to have as a profession

noisy

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choice

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.

who, f.

few

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(

. •

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.

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to share

honoring statue

amount to spend

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to be promoted, be elevated

contract Pharaoh

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memory to focus the light (on)

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181

aspect

(

.

guaranteeing

carpentry •

sufficient, abundant workshop

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defying

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field

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community lucky

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. -

. “

-

/

”

. ”

.“ .

.

182

183

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to be subject

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moral

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strict

similar

alive

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to clothe

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femininity attractiveness

amount

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foot

•

in the event that

good times and bad times

(

-

to be promoted, be elevated

physical, related to the body •

aspect

•

sufficient, abundant

.

contract

-

to guarantee equal

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“

. . . . . .

”

.

.

.

.

.

.

.“

.

.

.

”

.

.

.

. ._______________ ._______________ ._______________ _______________

._______________

.

_______________

_______________

._______________

. . . .

._______________

. . .

184

185

-

( .

. .

.

-

You learned in

that the imperative is formed in

in two steps:

1. Drop the imperfect prefix 2. Add at the beginning of the verb if dropping the prefix results in a two-consonant sequence.

•

•

•

• •

•

•

• •

•

• •

•

•

•

is better considered together with the jussive

The formation of the imperative in and involves the following steps:

1. Start with the jussive form of the imperfect verb, 2. Add at the beginning of the verb if dropping the prefix results in a two-consonant sequence:

•

•

•

• •

•

•

• •

•

• •

•

•

•

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(refer to)

(.

. . she was elevated, she reached

I

. . IV

186

187

“

-

.

”

(

“

” .

“

”“

”

.

”

.“

” .“

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/683C4F4D-DBA9-4BB8-BF1A-2882C605F51F. htm?GoogleStatID• 9

monopoly creativity field

(

.

carpentry workshop

-

to resume, continue

-

to have as a profession

(

.

enabling •

desire

-

to push

handicapped separation

noisy flying about wood shavings

-

to support (a family)

•

• as long as

livelihood

insistence

defying

guaranteeing overcoming obstacle

(

(

monopoly

( who, f. ( few

.

finding something strange

. .

to dare

admiration mastering will muscular

-

hard, labor-intensive to offer

joining

compensation

188

189

.“

”

_______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________

____________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

.(✗ .

.

“

.

.

“ “

.

. .

(✓

” ” “

. .

”

“

” ”

“ “

.

” ”

.

. . . . . . . . .

. .

“

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

– -

-

190

191

. “

”

. The noun involves a type of letter deletion that you have not seen before. It is less common than the other types. Other examples include: . One feature these nouns have in common is that they all derive from the same root type. Can you guess what roots these four words derive from?

. destiny

-

to serve

to focus the light (on)

community

endowed with free will

lucky

(

choice

(

directed, controlled

-

to put pressure on

-

to make someone used to

(

memory

.

.

to spend

participation

decision

(

.

-

. .

.

.

.

(biography)

. .

. .

. . .

. . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

. .

.

.

. .

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

. . . .

. . .

.

monopoly choice

(

.

to be promoted, be elevated

moral femininity

-

creativity

finding something strange

mastering

joining who, f.

(

good times and bad times separation

.

will insistence admiration to have as a profession

-

192

193

-

to support (a family)

-

to offer

•

muscular

(

obstacle

physical, related to the body

.

to dare to be stripped off

alive

flying about

-

to make someone used to

compensation

•

(

overcoming

. (

(

decision

.

.

( /

defying

(

. enabling

attractiveness monopoly to serve

-

to be subject

guaranteeing field

(

statue

. -

to spend to clothe

-

honoring

amount few

(

to share

in the event that foot

-

to resume, continue

contract

Pharaoh

•

to push memory

.

(

.

livelihood

lucky

desire •

endowed with free will equal participation

(

to focus the light (on)

destiny

hard, labor-intensive

.

similar

handicapped

noisy

•

strict

carpentry

•

wood shavings

(

to put pressure on •

sufficient, abundant workshop

-

to seek, try

directed, controlled

(

.

-

•

community

aspect

-

to guarantee

-

• as long as

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

_________________

“

”

(arbitration, refereeing)

_________________ (activist)

.“

”

“

”

_________________ (reward)

_________________ (struggle) _________________

(taking place)

_______________

. _________________

(noted, referred to)

_________________ _________________ http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/3521d58e-50ae-441d-becb-46ba2e017b98

(

( .

.

-

194

195

.

.

.(comment)

.

. . . .

monk

(

.

-

to hit, affect, infect

lament

to hold, establish

hope

asceticism

-

to worsen

will demand

known, common doubt

(

.

tyrant, unjust

to commit, abide by

vision cowardliness wall

generous mean direct pessimistic modest

-

to be available

rhyme bandits

-

to lack

injustice flirtation

-

(

dream

(

.

.

yearning fear convent guilt

197

prophecy

saying

hypocrisy

play

meter

old (man)

-

to describe

.

doctrine, school

-

to satirize

(

feelings oppressed

. (

(

(

( ( .(

(

.

.

._______________ .

“

.

.

_______________

”

._______________ “

”

_______________ _______________ _______________

.

“

” “ ” _______________ “

”

. . . . . .

. . . . . . .

.

.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

–

. “

”

. . “

.

. . .

”

.

.

198

199

rhyme

-

to satirize

meter

to be combined or associated with

pride

to launch, name

lament

hung

flirtation

wall

description

(

.

to commit, abide by

-

-

.

.

.

.

.

.

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

.

– “ .

” .

. .

...

Decisions reflect the will of those who make them; and great gifts suit those who are most generous, Little things appear great in the eyes of the lowly; and great matters look small in the eyes of the great, Sayf ud-Dawla tasks the army with his mission; seasoned armies have failed in such tasks, You stood where certain destruction met those who stood; you were in the eye of death while [it was] asleep, The heroes pass by you speechless, defeated; while your face is shining, and your mouth smiling.

200

201

“

.

” . “

.

” “

”

.

protection ambition ( dream

(

.

-

to create

modest

eunuch

.

destroying

slave

bandits

to pretend

fear

prophecy

getting closer to, bonding

“

-

to worsen

-

”

_____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

. . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“

-

” .

.

.‫أ‬

they adhered to, stuck to

I

‫ب‬ •

the hanging ones

the pretender prophet

the giver x

•

202

203

“

”

.

.

.

“

.

”

. . . .

. “

” .

There is a lot of noise in Latakia between Ahmad and the Messiah, This side is striking a bell, the other shouting in a minaret, Each side praising its religion. I wish I knew which one was right!

.

.

“

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . .

.

.

.

...

You’ve become sick in mind and religion, so come to me; to hear about sound matters, Do not eat in injustice what the water has produced; and do not seek food from slaughtered animals, Do not break the hearts of the birds in stealth; in what they have laid, injustice is the worst of ugly things, And leave the honey of the bees for which they went out early in the morning; to collect it from aromatic flowers; They did not bring it for others to have it; and they did not collect it for hospitality and feasts.

.

. .

.

204

205

.

. .

... ...

It is useless in my way and my belief; the crying of a crier and the singing of a singer, Lighten your step for I think the soil; of this earth is only made of these bodies, A grave has become a grave many times; laughing at the way the enemies are crowded in it,

If those who pray seek mischief by performing it; those who deliberately abandon it are closer to God.

( . .“ “

.“

.

” ” “

” “ ”“

”

”

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

to refuse to devote to feel mother

(

-

to hit, affect, infect

smallpox vision to hold, establish

separation

-

to participate

guilt

fighting, confronting

pessimistic

-

to memorize

hypocrisy

convent

leaving

monk

-

to hurt

(

doubt

tyrant

.

(

.

to come

oppressed

-

meeting point

-

to describe

-

returning

treatment

asceticism

-

isolation

to sin, commit a crime direct

sin

play

doctrine, school Brahmin

.“

”

____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

. .

206

207

. . . . . .

. . .

. .

.

. “

”

.

. .“

”

. . . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

..

I

208

209

.

... ..

.

.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

. .

.

.

.(

.“There are a lot of fish in the sea” .

.

.

.

.

210

211

. .

.

.

.

.

demand

verse

retreat

-

to fall

(

( saying (

known, common

-

cowardliness

feelings

-

to outline, show

-

to threaten to lack to insult

old (man) yearning ambition claim

despicable generous

obstacle

(

.

to blow

owing someone mean ugly to be available

-

to shake

flood to exchange

. .

will

injustice

to intend, mean assign

-

hope conveying to run away

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . .

_________________________________________ ________________________________________________

. . . . .

_____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________

.

.

. . (

. •

. .

.

. . .

212

213

so inform it/him

mother

(

. hope retreat will

demand

to come

-

•

to hurt to hit, affect, infect to launch, name to hold, establish

-

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

asceticism

conveying

-

to worsen to devote

claim

flood

-

to outline, show

known, common to participate doubt ambition

(

(

.

.

to be combined or associated with to commit, abide by to refuse to exchange

injustice

Brahmins

returning

vision

slave

verse

(

(

isolation

(

. leaving

.

getting closer to, bonding

treatment

cowardliness

pride

wall

-

to run away

-

to be available

flirtation

(

. smallpox

separation

to sin, commit a crime

rhyme

to feel

ugly

to memorize

destroying

-

despicable

bandits

dream

generous

.

yearning

mean

eunuch

direct

sin

pessimistic

fear

modest

(

(

protection

-

to create

saying

-

to lack

tyrant, unjust

obstacle

-

to pretend

convent

.

fighting, confronting owing someone doctrine, school

-

to insult guilt monk

(

. lament

214

215

-

to intend, mean to blow to satirize to threaten to shake to fall

play old (man) feelings oppressed hung meeting point

meter

prophecy

-

to describe

-

assign

description

hypocrisy

.

“ “ .

_______________

”

” _______________

.(

•

_______________

. _______________

. _______________ _______________

.

_______________ (adventures)

.

(narrates)

.

(departure)

_______________ _______________

(exhibition) .(decorated, with ornaments)

.

(accompanies them)

.

_______________

_______________ (mini – Hajj)

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

close, relative closer

closeness, proximity

getting closer to

-

.( .

.

. . .

216

turban practical caftan

to belong

suit (of clothes)

clerical, from the (Christian) clergy

design

represented

comment

parliament, council of the people

ventilation striped

gown

comfortable accompanied (by)

(

(

taste reaction

designer practice

-

to criticize

•

necktie

-

to colonize

(

(

( .

. .

formal, official

appearance

•

.

hat rare

nature

club

phenomenon

defeat

habit, custom

(

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

_______________

(

._______________

(

. .

_______________

. _______________

(

. (

_______________

“

”

.( (

. .

.

.

_______________

(

“

.

.

” .

.

218

219

(. .

. . .

(

(.

. .

.

.

.

.

. .

. “

”

.

“

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

employment

sect

conflict

.

to keep

defeat

habit, custom

(the two, f.) who

practice

-

to colonize

(

(

(

.

. -

to adopt

phenomenon

affiliation

rare

•

clothing, dress

represented

gown

hat

(

.

loose

(

•

head-cover

cover

accompanied (by)

nudity, nakedness

ventilation

-

_______________

. .

(✗ .

. .

. .

(✓ . . . . .

220

221

.

.

“

”

.

“

.

” “

.

”

. . .

.“

”

. . .“

.

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

” “

“.

”

“

” ”

‘

.

’

“. .

”

“. “

”

” “

clerical, from the (Christian) clergy turban

member

Muslim religious man’s cloak caftan

(

parliament, council of the people

-

to provoke reaction

.

bill (in parliament) adopting, considering

sarcasm

-

to give an example

-

to belong

club silk

suit (of clothes) •

necktie constituency

hat striped

-

to include to be forced

horizontally, in width

wearing

sleeping suit, pajamas

-

•

respect

with a sleeve to convince

-

to present

making into law

-

to disappear

-

222

223

design

tail

first secretary Eat what you like and wear what other

rolling up (sleeves)

people like

to hold

. -

“ .“

. . . . . . .

”

“

”

“

“

” ”

.

. .

” ” “.

. followers, fans suit taste

(

. elegance nature

appearance

extent to follow to comment to criticize trend

(

.

formal, official

fashionable, commonly used comfortable practical comment designer

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . .

.

. . .

.

.

.

. .

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

. -

. . . .

to keep to disappear wearing to colonize

-

to be forced

•

to convince

-

-

elegance

adopting, considering

followers, fans

(the two, f.) who to criticize

with a sleeve

-

to provoke respect

-

224

225

habit, custom

(

.

affiliation

horizontally, in width member

suit (of clothes)

-

to comment

-

to belong

-

to follow

turban

to adopt

practical

design

cover loose

-

to include

nudity, nakedness

-

to present

comment

caftan

making into law

•

ventilation

necktie

employment Eat what you like and wear what other people like

(

gown

.

Muslim religious man’s cloak

clerical, from the (Christian) clergy

head-cover

represented parliament, council of

silk constituency

the people

fashionable, commonly used striped

taste

(

.

extent comfortable to hold bill (in parliament)

tail reaction

(

. formal, official •

clothing, dress

accompanied (by)

(

sarcasm •

designer appearance practice

( trend

(

.

rolling up (sleeves) conflict

. rare club

defeat first secretary

to give an example sect

(

.

-

sleeping suit, pajamas hat nature phenomenon

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

_______________

_______________

_______________

(orientation)

.

_______________

_______________

.

_______________

“

_______________

.

_______________

”

_______________ _______________

.

_______________

.“

”

_______________ _______________

_______________

.“

”

_______________

.

practice

habit

226

227

.

-

______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

. . . . . .

.

“ (

.

”

...

. “

”

. . .

acceleration

-

to continue to prepare notebook

(

.

to give greater weight to

furniture

-

stagnation company shock

(

(

. . deficit real estate

bill

(

.

crisis worse, the worst total investment

(

. unemployment

delegation, mission

-

to slow down

money transfer reduction heating

229

(

tuition

open

.

in comparison with

record

budget

diesel

carpenter

province

growth

expatriate

(

.

. . .

(

(

.

_______________

( (

.

_______________

( (

. .

(

. . . . .

_______________

.

_______________

“

”

_______________

“

_______________

. _______________

“

”

”

“ “ ...

” ”

“

”

“ “ “ “

” ” ” ”

“

”

. . . .

. . . . . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

– . “

”

.

230

231

. .

.

(

. . . (

.

(

.

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/715E829D-D629-4D6B-B6C9-2D2535641655.htm? GoogleStatID• 20

-

to slow down short term horizon to be subject to

(

-

to expect international monetary fund

. -

•

current

delegation, mission

worse, the worst

open •

performance crisis

growth

deficit record

reduction shock

(

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

expatriate

(

.

budget

total

to hurt

acceleration uncertainty

-

slowing down Gross Domestic Product (GDP) money transfer

-

( .

-

. . . .

–

.

232

233

. .

-

-

.

. . .

http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/B8882B4F-FB0E-4B96-AF45-9313811D5D71.htm? GoogleStatID• 20

to continue investment

(

.

-

in comparison with

collapse company

(

-

to give greater weight to in the light of

.

recovery

real estate

system

it is worth noting, mentioning

consistent (with) to note

(✗

.

.

.

-

(✓ . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

. . .

.

.

. . . . (well)

“

”

.

VI

•

234

235

!“

.

”

.

. .“

. (

”

. . . ”

“

”

“

”

“.

.“ “

.

” “

“

”

”

”

“ .

” “

”

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

.

.

.“

.

”

.

.

.

carpenter

to be widespread,

blacksmith

dominate

comprehensive

province textile, fabric furniture

value

communication to lose

-

secret of the

-

profession

party, side

ِ َ – ‫اﻧﻌﻜﺲ‬ to be reflected ‫ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬

ِ to inherit ‫ﻳﺮث‬ ِ – ‫ورث‬

leather

(

.

to invade

by one’s own labor

high quality

(literally, the sweat of

unemployment

the forehead)

achievement

-

stagnation

.

-

236

237

“

”

.

. .

.

.

. .

. .

. .

. . . . . .

. .

she waits

III

..

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

III

.

.

! diesel

(

.

heating official

(

. complaint

notebook

expenditure tuition

(

.

barely, hardly bill

(

.

(

pen

(

.

.

materials, necessities to deteriorate

-

provisions to prepare

-

238

239

“ .

”

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .

. .

.

.

.

. .

furniture

total achievement

performance

communication investment

(

short term

.

crisis

current

•

to be reflected

collapse

worse, the worst to hurt horizon

(

.

. . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

by one’s own labor (literally,

unemployment

the sweat of the forehead)

delegation, mission

real estate

-

to invade

(

bill

.

slowing down it is worth noting, mentioning

in the light of tuition

(

pen

money transfer

.

(

-

to slow down

reduction

.

heating

record

-

to deteriorate

value

acceleration

-

to note •

recovery

-

to be subject to

materials, necessities

to continue

diesel

party, side

comprehensive

leather

(

province

system

official expenditure

(

expatriate

.

(

. -

to prepare

high quality

.

blacksmith

open

to lose

in comparison with

notebook

consistent (with)

(

.

to give greater weight to

provisions

-

stagnation

budget

-

to be widespread, dominate

Gross Domestic

secret of the profession

Product (GDP)

company carpenter

textile, fabric growth to inherit barely, hardly

-

complaint

( shock

(

.

. .

(

international monetary fund deficit uncertainty

240

241

“

_______________

”

.

.

_______________

,

_______________

.

_______________

.

_______________ (floating)

_______________

/

_______________

.

_______________

.“_______________ .

” .

_______________ _______________

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

perfect to complete

(

-

.

.

.“ (limits, restrictions)

”

. .

242

firing (of bullets)

civil war

shutting down

curfew

-

to go (enter) into effect bullets

authority

( cry (

slogan

.

.

to go up in flames to be satisfied with

anarchy, breaking down military coup positive

emergency

flow, influx, outpouring

civil disobedience corruption

(

strengthening deposing, stepping down

armed forces protestor

-

to resign

. optimistic rally forced to resign (town) square impartial, clean

-

to come as a group, to flock

arriving together, especially in large numbers revolutionary (person) revolution

(

(

. .

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244

245

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to be satisfied with

crowds, masses protestor

seeing, knowing

(

ID card

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.

.

to come as a group, to flock curfew

repeating, chanting

in preparation

formation

-

•

rally anger

to include, have forced to resign slogan

(

chant

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opposing, antagonistic statue

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.

-

(town) square

in parallel

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deposing, stepping down to report

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crowding, gathering civil disobedience to go (enter) into effect

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246

247

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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anarchy, breaking down

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element, member

shutting down

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.

flow, influx, outpouring

oath of office

protest

armed forces

intended

chief of the general staff

positive response, accepting the call

.

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248

249

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250

251

happiness stepping aside, removing to wave

( revolutionary (person) ( flag

to hug, embrace

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to resign to spread through, dominate

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leaving

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difficult immediately after

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to go up in flames

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sound bullets

ousting accusing him

lifting of the blockade trumpet

(

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cry, shout

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prayer caller, (muezzin) overwhelming, powerful stronghold system

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to rise

.

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impartial transitional to partake

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spontaneous firing (of bullets)

252

253

-

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254

255

! movement to receive

(military) coup

-

-

to happen, take place

authority

civil war

corruption

died as its victim

destruction it’s inevitable (that)

setback

quiet, silent

(

institute

.

disappointment

suppression

the Muslim Brotherhood

emergency evaluation, assessment

situation

optimistic

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positive

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strengthening

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. (summarize)

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

stepping aside, removing

.

to come as a group, to flock revolutionary (person)

(

-

to report ousting firing (of bullets) shutting down

civil war

positive

movement

protest

crowds, masses

-

to happen, take place

-

to resign to receive

curfew

to go up in flames

disappointment

to go (enter) into effect destruction

seeing, knowing the Muslim Brotherhood

•

sound

-

to be satisfied with

transitional anarchy, breaking down

chief of the general staff

(military) coup

died as its victim

ID card

bullets

(

trumpet

lifting of the blockade

leaving

authority

( cry, shout ( -

.

.

•

flow, influx, outpouring repeating, chanting

-

to include, have overwhelming, powerful civil disobedience difficult

formation

-

to partake

strengthening

emergency to hug, embrace

.

positive response, accepting the call

quiet, silent slogan

(

.

-

evaluation, assessment statue

(

.

in preparation deposing, stepping down

256

257

accusing him

spontaneous

crowding, gathering

flag

intended

(

.

to rise

rally

to spread through, dominate

stronghold

element, member

(

.

institute

-

anger

related to living

happiness

forced to resign

corruption

opposing, antagonistic

immediately after

in parallel

suppression

(town) square

armed forces

impartial system

( chant ( situation (

(

setback

it’s inevitable (that)

. . . .

meeting

-

to wave prayer caller, (muezzin) protestor

(

oath of office

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(guide, supreme leader)

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(emphasized)

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(supplied them)

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258

1

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1

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

” “. ”

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“.‘

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” “. “.

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absence to be worried to cure doctor

(

to prescribe

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fig

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to climb to fall

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sound

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to spend (time)

•

together

. . .

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______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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260

261

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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262

263

-

to intend, have on his mind

•

evil to be of use, benefit

-

-

•

to happen

shyness, embarrassment

-

to return the favor

in need

fruit

custom to betray

-

-

donkey ear

back to swim to go deep (into)

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showing hospitality to seem

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264

265

”

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.

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.

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to precede to be ready to be enthusiastic, excited to wash oneself to perceive an evil omen

...

-

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If he’d had a heart and two ears he wouldn’t have returned ...

let’s go leftovers to feed

•

-

to this extent, degree lust

-

to calm down happy to bray

•

-

266

267

. _________________________________________________________________________

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.

.

.

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268

269

This is the story in its original form. It represents the form of Arabic referred to as Classical Arabic (CA). The simplified version represents what is known as Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Compare the two, and list ten lexical differences (differences among words) and any grammatical differences you notice between the two versions. For example, the word is frequently used to begin a narration in CA but not in MSA.

.

”

“.

“. “.

”

”

“

” ”

!

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” “. ”

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“.

. “.

” “. ”

” ”

.

“.

“ ” “.

”

. ”

“ “

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

to fall

-

-

•

to be of use, benefit

lust

-

to cure

ear

sound

(

-

•

•

evil

doctor

-

-

to feed

.

showing hospitality

back

to this extent, degree

custom

to be ready

-

to wash oneself

to betray

absence

in need

fruit

to seem

If he’d had a heart and two ears

to climb • to perceive an evil omen to go deep (into) ( fig ( . to happen

he wouldn’t have returned ...

donkey

•

leftovers

to be enthusiastic, excited

-

to spend (time) to be worried

-

let’s go

...

•

together to bray to intend, have on his mind to calm down to prescribe

-

-

-

shyness, embarrassment to return the favor to swim to precede happy

•

-

270

271

“

_______________

”

_______________ _______________

.

.

_______________ _______________

.

“

”

.

_______________

.

_______________ _______________ _______________

.

(doubts)

_______________

(copy)

.

_______________

( “

” ” “.

. . .

• roof

(

.

(one’s conscience)

diaspora

-

-

•

relief intense, thick

besieged

exception survey

financial

involvement postponing

resort, reference point

(

invasion

style

.

forced emigrant

statistics

postponed

( exile

-

to benefit, be of use

conscience to explain, justify

-

to please, relieve

(

. .

cooperation separation preference

seminar

system, apparatus

migration, departure

size

disaster, catastrophe

fertility

273

. (

_______________

.

_______________

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.

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. . . . . .

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.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

-

.

. .

.

.

274

275

.

. . . .

. .

. “ ”

”

.“

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

predominant

statistics

survey

diaspora

land survey wave

system, apparatus

intense, thick

-

to show

balance

-

-

to benefit, be of use

•

difference

-

data

more, most prominent

fertility

to explain, justify enrolled

(

•

.

size

involvement

clarifying

style

in contrast with under

•

-

-

“

” (explaining, clarifying)

. . . . .

276

277

(exceptional behavior)

.

.

“

.

.

”

.“

.

” .

”

“

” .

/

“

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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. “

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. http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/FB0E1A13-58F4-428F-98D1-59C62C3012CB.htm

278

279

badness, getting worse

emergency roof forced emigrant

(

(

. .

seminar disaster, catastrophe cooperation

resort, reference point

executive

self-determination

hell

oppressive, unfair

migration, departure

implications

exception

complicated exile

(

.

besieged

(

.

• until now

relief

•

difficulty, tight situation financial

. -

. . . . .

.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

.

.. VIII

.“

”

“

”

“

”

Hardtalk

: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eD-K26Aoo1s : http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/hardtalk/7604041.stm

280

281

-

to make available

-

disappear

that

to exert efforts

-

to sum up

invasion dictation

under the sponsorship of

stage

postponing

-

postponed

to please, relieve

-

to carry out, to do

(one’s conscience)

interest

conscience

-

to try to see, perceive

(

.

the responsibility of

(

choice, option

frustration

-

to hit, affect

-

.

separation preference

illusion

. .

-

.

. .

“

. (

.

“ .

_______________

.

.

” “

. .

•

. . ”

” “

”

“

”

. . . .

. .

. .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . -

VI

. .

it disappeared

VIII

. .

agreement, accord

•

282

283

-

to sum up

more, most prominent

-

system, apparatus

to please, relieve

size

(one’s conscience)

stage

to hit, affect to benefit, be of use

fertility choice, option

(

.

statistics dictation

•

invasion

that

exception

predominant roof

(

.

-

to try to see, perceive

survey

badness, getting worse diaspora

style

difficulty, tight situation

involvement

-

conscience

to exert efforts

emergency

under the sponsorship of

oppressive, unfair

-

to explain, justify

-

•

the responsibility of relief

postponing

• postponed financial

(

•

implications cooperation separation

intense

besieged

-

to show difference

in contrast with

until now

-

frustration •

under

-

.

resort, reference point land survey

preference self-determination disappear

executive balance hell

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

clarifying

interest

(

.

seminar

data

migration, departure

complicated

-

to carry out, to do

enrolled

disaster, catastrophe

exile

-

to make available

(

forced emigrant

(

illusion

(

.

. .

wave

.

_______________

.

_______________

– ”

“_______________

_______________

.

_______________

_______________ _______________ _______________

“

_______________

”

_______________ _______________

.

_______________ _______________ _______________

_______________

_______________ _______________

.

284

285

.

-

to oppress, abuse oppressed

.

– .

(summary)

-

. . . .

weapons of mass destruction

journalist

-

to declare

firing (shots) warning

aerial sortie leader

(

to bomb disaster

(

.

. -

protest

(

.

to violate battery

(

.

statue

bloc, group intelligence services

Security Council axis

(

. artillery

need

(

ally

(

. .

legality, legitimacy

humanitarian aid demonstration (

-

.

missile

287

. (

.(

.

.

_______________ _______________

( _______________

(

. . .

.

_______________

.

_______________

( _______________

( _______________

(

. . . . . .

.

protests

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

“

.

”

.

.

“

”

(

.

.

.“

“

”

” .

(

/ /

.

/ /

288

289

.

. (

/ /

.

. .

“

(

/ /

.

”

.

. ” .

disaster

(

.

target battery

(

(

.

.

/ /

.

-

to confirm

-

need

(

to violate

.

-

legality, legitimacy

artillery to throw, dump, throw down

(

Security Council

expected to bomb

“.

to declare

-

invasion

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

-

to witness

flyer

aerial sortie

ally

missile

(

(

even if

-

warning

armored vehicle

otherwise

bringing down

-

to choose

statue

hope

-

to repeat to loot

(

.

-

to prevent demonstration

(

protest

firing (shots)

(

. .

burning party

to disappear

-

weapons of mass destruction

to impose

content

.

removal, taking away by force

. -

to surrender

.

to launch (an attack)

in the meantime axis

(

flag

-

assassination

. _______________ _______________

_______________

“

_______________

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_______________

._______________ _______________

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” .“ .

.

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. . .

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. . . .

290

291

.

.

.

.

”

.

”

.“ (

.

“

. .

/ /

.

/ -

. . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

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.

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.

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.

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.

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.

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/ /

.

292

293

•

certain

surprising press conference

discovery

to include current, movement

-

to fail

(

.

-

reason, justification entrusted, charged (with)

nationalistic

to leave

secular

leader

noticeable

to disappear

at the expense of

. -

intelligence services

-

to regress

(

-

to achieve

presidential term

-

with head raised high

bloc, group

journalist

. .“ “!

.

.

.

.

”

” .

“

”

. .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

role

-

to launch (an attack)

military aid

convinced

humanitarian aid

tyrant

-

to move

acceptable

. .

.

. “

.

.

.

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.

.

.

.

.

.

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.

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.

.

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294

295

.

.

burning ally

party

(

.

weapons of mass destruction

-

to repeat legality, legitimacy to launch (an attack) to witness

-

missile

to throw, dump, throw down

hope bringing down firing (shots) protest

journalist

-

to include

warning

(

.

to choose

-

to disappear

tyrant

to move

discovery

to violate

secular at the expense of

invasion

in the meantime

(

-

.

battery

(

-

.

-

to regress

-

to leave

to fail

-

-

assassination

flag

leader

-

to surrender

aerial sortie

to impose

-

to confirm role

to declare

-

to achieve

to disappear current, movement intelligence services need

(

(

statue

.

. even if •

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

military aid demonstration

(

.

nationalistic

surprising

disaster

(

acceptable

press conference

entrusted, charged (with)

(

reason, justification

noticeable

.

certain expected

-

to prevent

Security Council

removal, taking away by force to loot target

.

bloc, group

convinced

flyer

-

to bomb

(

.

content

-

(

axis

.

(

.

armored vehicle

otherwise

artillery

presidential term

with head raised high humanitarian aid

.

(prohibited)

(finding) _______________

. “

”

(lieutenant general)

(proof, evidence

.

_______________

)

_______________

_______________

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“

”

(circles, departments)

.

_______________

296

297

.“

”

_______________

_______________ _______________

. _______________ _______________

.

_______________

.

he met

. .

meeting

.

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

VIII

.‫ب‬

( .

(imposing)

.

. . . . .

298

campaign wood

cedar lake

(

wonderful symbol

. evaporation

challenge

(

.

irrigation dam

(

.

wonder

(

(

.

.

(

. salinity

(

drip (irrigation) natural resource

(

.

charitable society, NGO

reserve waste

afforestation raising awareness, educating

plant harvest

soil •

scarcity stamp

heritage

.

effort

( share (

bug, pest

(

. .

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

(

(

.

.

.

_______________ _______________

( .

(

.

(

. . .

_______________

.

.

( _______________

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_______________ _______________

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challenge

. . . .

300

301

–

.

.

.

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. (

(

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.

302

303

.

. .

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.

dam

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cubic

clash

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side

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lake

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seriousness, acuteness

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.

.

.

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.

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‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

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.

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304

305

applying immersion

share

worthiness, suitability, merit

(

.

.

fresh

-

to require, call for

desalination

structuring

confronting

(

concerned, affected

.

irrigation

adaptation

using sparingly

climate waste

(

-

to threaten

salinity

challenge

(

evaporation

drip (irrigation) harvest

•

scarcity

excessive

.

contaminated

following-up, pursuing

long term

. ________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ _____________________________________ ____________________________________________

.

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

.(✗ . .

. .

.

. . . . . . .

(✓ . . . . .

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

. . .

. . . . . .

.

.

. . . .

. .

.

”

. “

”

306

307

.

“.

.

”

.“

. ”

.“ “

“

“ ”

”

.

” “

.

-

to bury

high fertility

reserve bug, pest

(

.

range

to nominate

-

-

isolated wonder

(

.

cedars stamp

(

.

mail, post office wood

heritage

.

• pride

field

immortality

. “.

.

symbol

proliferation

•

feeling

” ”

to inspire

.

.

contemporary

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

. -

“ “

. . . . . . . .

”

” “

”

.

“

”

.“

”

. afforestation plant addressed effort

(

.

wonderful

scarce

global warming

-

to show

natural resource

water tap pure, clean

(

.

charitable society, NGO •

erosion

campaign raising awareness, educating

soil

in detail

308

309

.

.

.

“

. .

”

.

.

.

.

. .

“

.

.

”

.

.

.

.

.

. .

. .

“ “

. .

” ”

cedar

erosion in detail lake

(

.

mail, post office evaporation

-

to inspire feeling

•

global warming to require, call for

-

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

•

scarcity

stamp

challenge

(

.

scarce

desalination

clash

heritage

(

.

-

range

long term wonder

(

soil

.

using sparingly

fresh

afforestation

plant

applying

immersion

proliferation

pride

adaptation

-

drip (irrigation)

following-up, pursuing

raising awareness, educating

to show

confrontation

natural resource

field harvest

(

(

.

worthiness, suitability, merit

.

charitable society, NGO

reserve

effort

•

(

.

seriousness, acuteness

( share (

contemporary

. .

bug, pest

isolated concerned, affected

campaign

excessive

water tap

cubic

wood

contaminated

fertility

salinity

immortality

climate addressed

wonderful

side waste

(

to nominate

.

high

•

symbol

-

irrigation

pure, clean to threaten

-

to bury

structuring

dam

(

.

310

311

.

_______________

.

(suffered)

_______________ (storing) _______________

.

_______________

.

_______________ _______________

”

(urgent)

.“ (generating)

(dams)

(harm, damage

_______________

.

)

(flowing)

_______________

_______________

. -

worthiness it’s worth mentioning

..

wall, fence

‘Arabiyyat al-Naas (Part Three): An Advanced Course in Arabic

.

-

( . .

312

Arabic–English Glossary Words are arranged for the most part by root, except in the following cases, where words are listed alphabetically: 1. Words which do not derive from three-letter roots, such as prepositions, conjunctions, certain adverbs, foreign words, and proper nouns ( ) 2. Expressions (like ). Note the following: 1. A diamond “” appears next to words that are found in but not in , and a star “*” appears next to words that are found in but not in . 2. The Roman numerals I–X and Q1 (quadriliteral 1) next to verbs refer to verb form numbers. 3. The following abbreviations are used: a. • • “plural” b. pl. • plural c. f. • feminine d. lit. • literally yes/no question particle

••

(

father with a sleeve to come to bring

–

••

(I)  (I) 

– –

furniture to get affected to postpone short term postponing postponed

(V) (II)

– –

.

Arabic–English Glossary

to take, assume

–

(VIII)

the Muslim Brotherhood performance to lead to

(II)

–

(IV)

–

(II)

– ”

ear permission prayer caller, (muezzin) to hurt cedar crisis regrettably, unfortunately to point at

(

horizon to confirm

“

.

–

(II)

certain Eat what you like and wear what other people like! not to

! ••

 (

who, f.

.

Syriac to make up

–

(II)

familiar the Caucuses the two, f., who



Roman amphitheater to this extent, degree ... either … or matter, issue conspiracy press conference hope

(

.

...

... (

314

315

Arabic–English Glossary

to look at

– .

(V) 

(

mother safe blind faith if

••

if it was not



femininity humanitarian to resume

–

(X) 

to qualify

–

(V)

rehabilitation, qualification qualified

/

home game

(

first

.

those

 her, it

••

Babylonian scholar, researcher

(

lake

(

. .

evaporation squandering creativity creative to exchange

–

(III)

suit (of clothes) physical, related to the body it seems

(I)

to exert an effort

(I)

to clear

(II)

– – –

Brahmins mail, post office outside to justify

••

* (II)

–

Arabic–English Glossary

reason, justification more, most prominent to appear

(I)

–

–

•

shining, sparkling

(

proof, evidence

.

match ••

suit, outfit

••

to smile

(III)

– –

(VI)

–

(VIII) to start

–

••

related to the human race direct directly, immediately vision onions merchandise to slow down slowly



slow slowing down



(

battery potato

.

••

(

ID card

.

unemployment

(

champion, hero

.

delegation, mission must, have to *

• •

••

to remain

–

(VII) (I)

–

early but rather, in fact



to become wet

(VIII)

–

amorphous my son

••



316

317

Arabic–English Glossary

to adopt

–

(V)

bright janitor, doorman

( (

trumpet

(

verse to sell

. . (I)

(

data to reveal; appear; to show

.

– –

(II)

between you and me difference

••

to follow, to resume, continue

–

(III)

following-up, pursuing

(

merchant

. “

”

dust, sand soil leaving to master

–

(IV)

mastering and so, in the end (I) (

to follow (that) to mumble

–

(Q1)

to be completed, finished

–

(I) 

(someone) was elected



it was proposed



it was published



(

current, movement fig

(

confirmation, proof

(

.

. .

fixed natural resource

(

investment during

••

(

.

.

Arabic–English Glossary

exception

( (

layer gown; dress to revolt, rebel

. .

(I)

to provoke

(IV)

(

revolutionary (person)

.

– –

Muslim religious man’s cloak to force

– -

(IV)

to be forced

(IV)

cowardliness forehead (battle) front confrontation hell seriousness it is worth noting, mentioning

(I)



(

wall

.

worthiness, merit smallpox paddle

(

.

debate table, list attractiveness torso to dare

(V)

–

(V)

–

the most courageous experienced to be stripped off just; simply bell dose erosion

318

319

Arabic–English Glossary

to take place

– –

(I)

to conduct

(IV) ••

current an indivisible part

(V)

island

(

.

wrinkled to do, make

–

••

–

(I)

eyelid

(

.

to bring

(I)

(

skin; leather

.

–

Security Council parliament, council of the people senate chamber of deputies, parliament magazine immigrant community

( (

. .

organization charitable society, NGO community to sum up

–

(IV)

total crowd party, side beside, close to homogeneity to sin, commit a crime

(I)

(

effort

“

.

– ”

device, system, apparatus intelligence services to prepare to ignore

–

(II) (VI)

–

(

.

Arabic–English Glossary

ignorant positive response, accepting a call inside

*

••

/

invasion high quality to exceed

–

(VI)

(

field

. .

(

pocket they loved each other

/

*

global warming frustration even if to block

–

(I)

(

eyebrow

.

head-cover

(

protest to become hard like a stone room

. –

(V) ••

(

size to happen

.

(I)

(

event

.

–

limiting, limitation blacksmith seriousness, acuteness, intensity to challenge

(V)

challenge

(

.

–

defying carefully warning shoes * to fight civil war

••

 (III)

–

/

320

321

Arabic–English Glossary

spear fighting, confronting from silk, made of silk editor to achieve

-

(IV)  achievement

••



to be intent, be bent on

–

(I)

protective, intent, careful to have as a profession

–

(VIII)

professional to be burned

–

(VIII)

burning movement respect (political) party arithmetic feeling

••

–

to feel sensitive

(

improvement

.

good intention crowds, masses crowding, gathering

(

bug, pest to limit, contain besieged

.

(

share

(

.

to happen, take place harvest statistics, survey attendance curfew

–

(I)

(

.

. –

Arabic–English Glossary

lucky to memorize

– – – –

(I)

close the case to maintain to keep

(III) (VIII)

memorization conservative province despicable to deserve

–

(X)

achievement really to achieve

 (II)

–

(I)

–

real reddened by blood congestion monopoly monopoly autonomy arbitrator, referee judgement solid, tight stage take an oath, swear alliance ally

(

.

barber episode

(

.

analysis local dream desalination donkey

(

.

322

323

Arabic–English Glossary

to be enthusiastic, excited

–

(V)

endurance campaign possible, probable while I was carrying him protection reserve water tap yearning need

(

.

(

.

in need axis

/

perimeter to prevent

–

(I)



transforming; money transfer around me around her, it

( (

attempt content

. .

/

snake shyness, embarrassment to hide

–

(V)

expert intelligence services to finish, complete

–

••

–

(VIII)

scratch to serve

–

(I)

helpful involvement invention superstition to lose

(

. (I)

-

Arabic–English Glossary

wood ••

fear, apprehension



fertility eunuch



to be subject

– . –

(I)

(

mistake to get engaged

(I)

conversation, communication dangerous planning

(

plan

.

plan, project; striped elopement

(

step

.

sin faint, low to lower

–

(II)

decrease reduction soft house shoes light to hide, conceal to disappear

-

••

– –

(IV) (V)

hiding hidden



immortality to mix

(I)

–

mixture conflict background moral to lack

(I)

–

/

324

325

Arabic–English Glossary

surrendering, relinquishing, leaving pig beetle (pun on the Beatles)

(

.

to enter (into a fight, competition)

(I)

–

fear betrayal

(

disappointment to choose

-

(VIII)

(

choosing, choice option, choice

.

(

.

endowed with free will to imagine

–

(V)

retreat to manage, take care of

–

(II)

arranged pin interfere

– –

(V)

to go (enter) into effect

(I)

fashionable, commonly used degree, grade, post, extent armored vehicle constitution constitutional to insert false information, fabricate

(I)

to call, invite; pray

(I)

– –

claim

(

call, invitation to pretend

–

(VIII)

to require, call for

(X)

implications

– 

need heating

.

•

/

Arabic–English Glossary

(

notebook to push

– –

(I)

to defend

.

(III)

defender artillery flow, influx, outpouring to bury

– – –

(I)

to knock

(I)

to massage

(II)

evidence; proof

(

blood to ruin, destroy

. –

(II)

destruction to be surprised

–

(I)

fat, ghee to turn around

–

(IV)

/

constituency house

••

role league under sound, roar

•• ••

convent civil owing someone self, same that 

•• ••



to slaughter, kill

(I)

drop

(

.

(

.

arm chin memory

(

.

–

326

327

Arabic–English Glossary

to insult

–

(I)

(

sin, guilt let’s go

. (I) 

away game doctrine, school to taste

(I)

taste

(

–

.

endowed with, having

(

broadcast

.

tail (

mirror

.

chief of the general staff housewife

••

to tie, relate

–

(I)

necktie to be confused

–

(I)

/

educational to be the cause of

(V)

–

(II)

– –

salary lament to give greater weight to to regress

(VI)

reclamation, getting (something) back regression resort, reference point to tremble

(

fireman to welcome

– .

(VIII)

–

(II)

departure mercilessly to slacken, relax, become loose to return the favor

–

(VIII) (I)

–

Arabic–English Glossary

to repeat, recite

–

(II)

repeating, chanting restoring one’s good standing

(

reaction

.

hesitant wearing, dressing

•

to deteriorate

 (V)

–

(II)

–

livelihood sober, level-headed drawing formal, official to nominate using sparingly to spray to place with a quick move, splash

– –

(I) (I)

observation bullets pavement to please, relieve (one’s conscience)

–

(IV)

sponsorship under the sponsorship of desire loaf of bread

(

to be raised, lifted

(I)

to rise the most prestigious lifting of the blockade high with head raised high accompanying, escorting neck dancer

(VIII)

. – –

328

329

Arabic–English Glossary

(

dance

(

record to be promoted, be elevated

.

.

–

(VIII)

promotion spaceship smooth stagnation grey symbol to throw

–

(I)

(

terrorist

(

monk fear

.

.

••

under investigation

/

died as its victim range

(VI)

to rest

(VIII)

– –

smell

/

sport wonderful novelist irrigation wind from the Sahara (sandstorm) comfortable will customer button, cufflink

(

(

.

.

wedding to slip

–

(VII)

intended colleague asceticism



(

.

Arabic–English Glossary

corner •

clothing, dress to wonder, ask oneself

–

(VI)

official to swim

(I)

to precede

(I)

– –

gaze down turned scorer

(

consistent (with) to imprison

(I)

to pull

(I)

– –

withdrawal to ridicule

(I)

to devote

(II)

– –

sarcasm to block, close

–

••

(I)

(

dam

.

–

aimed play to please

–

(I)

good times and bad times secret of the profession acceleration very quickly, no sooner … than ...

 ••

trousers

(

roof, surface

.

••

happy to seek, try

(I)

–

(I)

–

seeking ship to fall (I) bringing down

–

••

330

331

Arabic–English Glossary

silencing silent, quiet drunkard style negative weapons of mass destruction series

(

to focus the light (on)

(

.

– –

(II)

authority to climb 

••

–

to receive

– –

(V) (VIII)

to give up, surrender

(X)

(

ladder, stairs

–

.

may God forgive you dark-skinned reputation poisonous sky naming to support

–

••

(III)

to lay, support

(IV)

to hold onto, support oneself

(VIII)

document

(

tooth

(

.

– – – .

old (person) to contribute

–

(III)

contribution worse, the worst to worsen

(I)

–

(I)

–

badness, getting worse bad to be widespread, dominate

Arabic–English Glossary

the world became black in front of me, I became depressed

(IX)

/

predominant leg

••

equal you (formal)

••

directed, controlled rally to control, dominate

– –

(Q1)

to flow

(I)

flood to perceive an evil omen

–

(VI)

pessimistic

(

matter, affair to hang on

. – –

(V)

(

to cross (the fingers)

(I)

similarity similar diaspora afforestation to encourage

–

(II)

pale scarcity

••

scarce political figure to explain evil evil person legality, legitimacy Islamic law bill (in parliament) supervision

(

. (I)

–

332

333

Arabic–English Glossary

to honor

– –

(I)

to participate

(VI)

partnership

(

.

(

.

company participation cancellation popularity slogan to feel

–

(I)

feelings to go up in flames

–

(VIII)

to try to see, perceive

–

(X)

to cure

(I)

–

(

. –

hard, labor-intensive doubt to form

(II)

significantly formation

(

complaint

.

rolling up (sleeves) to launch (an attack)

– –

(I)

to witness

(I)

to cite, bring as evidence

–

(X)

libel, slander

/

lust appetite to turn

–

••

– –

(IV)

to point to or at

(IV)

for pointing at consultant journey pointing

(

(

.

. 

Arabic–English Glossary

yearning to tarnish

–

(II) rumor

. )

(

•

.

known, common, widespread light, candle to be patient

(

accompanied (by)

(

journalist to wake up

–

(I)

(I) 

–

. –

*

noisy

(

rock

.

to export

(II)

to lead, be at the forefront

(V)

– -

source, resource coincidence honest to collide

–

(VIII)

clash shock

(

.

to declare

(II)

–

(II)

–

straightforward, frank statement to shout, scream missile

–

(IV)

to insist insistence cockroach conflict to act, behave

–

(V)

leaving behavior expenditure

(

.

334

335

Arabic–English Glossary

strict

(

line, row, rank to layer

(II)

to become hard or severe

(V)

. – –

hard good, sound 

••

(

interest, welfare

.

/

God’s prayers, praise God silent silence design designer international monetary fund to hit, affect

(IV)

–

(V)

–

/

disaster, catastrophe sound, voice to imagine photography to yell, scream

(I)

cry, shout

(

.

(

. .

–

destiny tray officer

(

victim to beat

(I)

to give an example

(I)

to hurt, harm

(IV) 

–

– – –

(I)

necessary forced to to put pressure on seeing, knowing conscience

(I)

–

Arabic–English Glossary

to include, have 

–

••

–

(I)

solidarity to include

–

(V)

within to guarantee

– –

(I)

to add

(IV)

to host

–

(X)

host to bother

–

(III)

difficulty, tight situation harassment doctor

(

.

(

.

impression stamp nature applying plate, dish

••

flour

(

emergency singer

••

party, side, edge

••

.

firing, expelling

extremist to feed

(

. –

(IV)

child ritual

(

.

sleeping suit, pajamas hat request, application survey to look (forward to) aerial sortie

(V)

–

336

337

Arabic–English Glossary

to divorce

– – –

(II)

to launch; to name

(IV)

to start

(VII)

launching



firing (of bullets) firing (shots) divorce never

••



standpoint, position

(

ambition

.

buried, hidden, obscured

(

ton

.

/ /

ousting developing, development framework fight

(

sect

.

/ /

power, energy ••

as long as long term flying about Roc bird to remain

–

••

(I)

(it) continued to get bigger

*

– (I)

shadow oppressive, unfair, tyrant injustice oppressed to appear

–

(I)

phenomenon back protestor

(

.

Arabic–English Glossary

(

demonstration appearance, aspect

.

(

.

burden slave to cross

–

(I)

considering through as put, according to discovery admiration to wonder, marvel

(V)

( (

wonder unable

. .

–

deficit old (person) to be ready

–

(X)

listing, enumerating



to change one’s mind

–

(I)

moderation tie, draw (in a game) execution lack of absence of morals



uncertainty



fresh, pure to apologize car (

. )

(

••

to show, air, display, offer

to outline, show horizontally, in width

. – –

(I)

to be subject to

wide

-

(V)

(V) (X)

–

338

339

Arabic–English Glossary

exhibition sweat

(

ethnicity

.

by one’s own labor (lit. the sweat of the forehead) ethnic overwhelming, powerful nudity, nakedness reinforcement isolation isolated military difficult contemporary to disobey

–

(I)

civil disobedience muscular, related to muscles member

(

.

data

/

spontaneous recovering, recovery punishment obstacle to believe

(

. –

(VIII)

complicating contract decade

(

.

colonel complicated real estate sane mind stronghold

( (

.

.

Arabic–English Glossary

to be reflected

–

(VII)

can treatment, cure to comment; hang

(II)

–

(II)

–

comment hung to explain, justify

–

••

media teachers’ college trademark

(

flag

.

secular

/

– ...

to rise (with a noun or pronoun) to have to respectively in general immediately

••

in contrast with at the expense of the responsibility of by the way alive adopting, considering dean to colonize

-

(X)

deep practical giant to spread through, dominate

(

. (I)

–

turban we have grapes

(

340

341

Arabic–English Glossary

to be thought of well

(

element, member

.

a critical component to hug, embrace

(III)

to suffer

(III)

to take care

– – –

(VIII)

concerned, affected institute take in, absorb

–

(X)

to make someone used to

–

(II)

returning

(

habit, custom ordinary, normal, usual

.

••

/

shame compensation handicapped to support (a family) to cooperate

–

(I)

–

(VI)

cooperation coexistence related to living to appoint

(II)

–

(I)

– -

particular blurry to betray to leave

(III)

food, diet finding something strange, wonder, surprise stranger expatriate plant implanted

(

(

.

.

/

Arabic–English Glossary

to drown

–

(I)

flirtation to invade

/

–

(I)

invasion to wash

–

(I)

to wash oneself

(VIII)

–

(IV) 

–

washing to make someone angry anger to cover

–

(II)

coverage cover prevail

–

(I) to win

–

••

(V)

(

– (

overcoming to go deep (into)

(Q1)

(

to enwrap

– –

(II)

shutting down closed

••

to take advantage of, exploit

(X)

–

immersion closing (the eyes) relief cave very, extremely

••



absence unknowns, metaphysics assassination group ( bill then, all of a sudden

. )

••

(

(

.

. 

342

343

Arabic–English Glossary

optimistic

“ ” open ••

seductive, charming girl

••



surprise surprising to examine

(V)

to boast

(VIII)

– –

(Q1) *

–

pride to show to be happy

–

(I)

happiness baby bird to spread

–

(I)

alone to run away

–

(I)

escape opportunity to impose

(

. –

(I)

it is supposed to be excessive



(

Pharaoh Pharaonic to devote one’s time

–

(v)

impatiently separation

(

team

.

corruption to fail

(I)

–

revealing to separate separation

(I)

–

.

Arabic–English Glossary

in detail separating, separation

(

chapter

.

detailed silver loose preference preference ••

leftovers favorite

dinner breaking the fast of Ramadan

(

.

to lack

(VIII)

to untie

– –

(I)

fruit anarchy, breaking down

(

peasant

.

astronomy artist technical to understand, appreciate

–

(V)

(

concept

.

immediately after to surpass, exceed

–

(I)

above all this in the meantime in the event that lost, gone (lit., predicate of

“

)

”

in the light of (lit. in the shadow of ) to be of use, benefit; to report profit related to physics dome

–

••

(IV) 

(

.

–

344

345

Arabic–English Glossary

ugly



door knob hat

•• •

to accept

–

(I)

to be accepted

–

(VII)

responsiveness, demand in front of

••



interview accepted, acceptable to appreciate

–

(II)

amount, measure ability amount

( (

. .

to present, to put forth, apply

(II)

foot

(

–

.

getting closer, bonding to suggest to settle down

– –

(VIII) (X)

self-determination

(

decision to be combined or associated with

. –

(VIII)

comparison, in comparison with amount, installment, tuition to swear (an oath) to partake, share

(

. – –

(IV) (VI)

department, division to mean

–

(I)

I mean, my intention meant, intended to cut story to bomb

–

(I)

( (I)

. –

Arabic–English Glossary

to spend (time) to finish, destroy to charge (money)

– –

(I) (I)

(

(VI)

(

destroying

–

diameter to cut

– – –

(I)

to make up one’s mind to boycott

(III)

discontinuation, interruption definite bandits piece

(

.

break in relations cotton caftan rhyme military coup unstable

–

to be worried lack of sleep few pen to be burning

(

(

.

(V)

. –

(IV)

–

/

fried suppression, repression to convince convinced making into law leader

(

.

it was said let’s say forced to resign

(I) 

/ /

346

347

Arabic–English Glossary

to resign

(X) rumors

(

••

.

–

article to get up

– – –

(I)

to resist

(III)

•• – to live, reside, hold, establish

(IV) 

nationalistic strengthening armed forces record value evaluation, assessment cup it was the last day I did that

*

liver scapegoat bloc, group secretive closely



proliferation to thicken, become dense

–

(VI)

intense necktie

••

disaster

(

.

to kindly do something

(V)

–

showing hospitality honoring gracious, noble, generous to hate

(I)

–

breaking to clothe

(I) *

/

–

/

Arabic–English Glossary

to be covered

–

(VIII) 

heel cubic guaranteeing to be satisfied (with), have enough (of )

(VIII)

(

(

entrusted, charged (with)

–

few days comprehensive sleeve

(

church

.

clerical, from the (Christian) clergy cup, glass

••

almost let’s assume it is so



they would have been satisfied, it would have been sufficient for them you would accept to form

(VIII) 

(I) (I)

(I)

(II)

–

adaptation chemistry it’s inevitable that still it’s not my business



no doubt God forbid mean refuge shelter insistence, persistence

noticeable

–



atheist, infidel

••

until now

••

/

348

349

Arabic–English Glossary

joining following

(

enrolled

.

••

to have



••

delicious to commit, abide by

(VIII)

–

(I)

–

materials, necessities to sting tongue, language diminish, disappear

– –

(VI)

to stick

(VIII)

attached, stuck maybe the language of

(Arabic)

to note

– –

(I)

to draw attention to look up, turn

–

(VIII) ••

warning to wrap

–

(II)

beating around the bush

(

file

.

title to throw, dump, throw down

(IV) 

to receive

(V)

– –

meeting meeting point (is) no longer to notice

(I)

to imply, hint

(II)

– –

glowing, shining to inspire

(IV) if

••

–

Arabic–English Glossary

If he’d had a heart and two ears he wouldn’t have returned



to be polluted

–

(V)

contaminated to wave

–

(II)

list oil painting Isn’t this correct, isn’t it so?



what, the thing that What does this have to do with, what’s the relationship? except

••

...

never mind, let’s forget ...

(

at least, no less than diesel diamond to enjoy

–

(V)

pleasure to act, perform

–

(II)

(

statue

.

represented

(

saying to draw, derive

. –

(VIII)

extension financial, material provisions

“

”

extent to continue

(X)

–

(III)

–

passing (the ball) to practice experienced practice

(

.

350

351

Arabic–English Glossary

elephantiasis

(

area

.

land survey to catch, hold together, with one another

–

(I) =



large intestines enabling to fill

–

(I)

sailor salinity smooth to have control over one’s heart

–

(I)

ownership to be bored

–

(II)

dictation mallim, penny it was decided, supposed to happen again, anew it is my right climate scholarship, grant handkerchief table, desk to prevent to refuse to wish

–

(I)

– –

(VIII) (V)

in preparation



preliminary skill to be scared, lit., to die of fear wave music

(I)

(

.

–

Arabic–English Glossary

financing financial (town) square to distinguish

–

(II)

first division, distinguished special, distinguished discrimination characteristic

(

trend, inclination

.

port news (

. )

(

••

.

(

.

prophecy product Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to give birth

–

••

(IV)

–

(VIII)

–

carpenter carpentry achievement chandelier to commit suicide copper

/

grammatical (syntactic) stepping aside, removing

(

side, direction

.

team elite rare to regret seminar club warning migration, departure

(I)

(

.

– –

/

352

353

Arabic–English Glossary

removal, taking away by force landing, sending down impartial by the way

••

occasion assign

–

(I)

kinship textile, fabric desired flyer



(

.

(

.

wood shavings post, position to advise

–

(I)

followers, fans, supporters victory waiting eyeglasses system

(

.

sleepy to carry out, to do

–

(II)

execution, carrying out executive to breathe

(V)

–

(II)

–

competition to brush off spending hypocrisy to deny exile waste denying union, syndicate

(I)

( (

. .

–

Arabic–English Glossary

to criticize

(VIII)

–

(III)

– –

critic to discuss to break a promise

(I)

drip (irrigation)

(

point to move

. –

(VIII)

transitional pure, clean

••

disaster, catastrophe joke setback

/

–

to grow growth to belong

–

(VIII)

affiliation to loot

(I)

–

(I)

–

rising, getting up to bray to violate

–

(VIII)

opposing, antagonistic



to represent, be a substitute for

–

(I)

/

on behalf of prosecution, public prosecutor’s office fire

/

elegance to take food

– –

(VI)

to intend, have on one’s mind here I am *

(I) ••



these two (dual feminine)



to blow chant

(I)

(

.

–

354

355

Arabic–English Glossary

to emigrate

–

(III)

place of emigration, diaspora

(

forced emigrant

.

immigration, migration to satirize

– –

(I)

to calm down

(I)

/

calm threatening to threaten

(II)

to aim

(I)

target

(

.

– –

this exactly, particularly those 

••

*

lacerated, torn to shake

–

(I)

defeat Do you need anything, is anything missing for you? to whisper



–

(I)

carelessness with concentration to congratulate

–

(II)

identity

/ /

collapse insult to fall

–

–

••

(I)

–

(IV)

–

ventilation look, appearance structuring otherwise positive meal to hurt direction, facing

Arabic–English Glossary

(

side, direction

.

confrontation directed to confront, face

–

(III)

point of view to indicate, imply

–

(IV)

friendly to put, place, deposit (in jail)

(

–

(IV)

valley ajar (door) to inherit

–

(I)

heritage inheritance workshop

(

.

swollen Ministry of Education balance budget meter (in poetry) in parallel widening media good looks to describe, prescribe

–

(I)

description to continue

–

(VI)

conveying communication to clarify



(

. (II)

–

(I)

–

clarifying to be placed put, placed; topic subject situation

(

.

356

357

Arabic–English Glossary

modest related to settlements

(

settlement

.

employing, employment to promise

/

(I) *

–

appointment raising awareness, educating to come as a group, to flock

–

(VI)

arriving together, especially in large numbers to make available to be available sufficient, abundant

– –

(II) (V) ••

expected location, website to stop to depend (upon)

– –

(V)

(

(V)

first secretary presidential term to follow accusing him

–

(I) 

illusion barely, hardly collar pumpkin oath of office

*

Grammar Index 98

60

144 “

191 28

”

70

169

148 86

12 94 124 “ ” 143 128

/

14 69 128

115 (

/

151 ( 66 (

85

131 (

144

185 7 123 190

102 (

159 ( 124 31

98

60 ... 50 ... 129 71 70

45

...

45

• 144 189 28 50

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Audio Track List

Audio available for free at www.routledge.com/cw/younes

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Unit 1, Lesson 3 Unit 2, Lesson 3 Unit 3, Lesson 3 Unit 4, Lesson 1 Unit 4, Lesson 2, part 1 Unit 4, Lesson 2, part 2 Unit 4, Lesson 3, part 1 Unit 4, Lesson 3, part 2 Unit 5, Lesson 3 Unit 6, Lesson 3, part 1

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

Unit 6, Lesson 3, part 2 Unit 7, Lesson 3 Unit 8, Lesson 3 Unit 10, Lesson 3 Unit 12, Lesson 3 Unit 13, Lesson 3 Unit 14, Lesson 3 Unit 17, Lesson 3 Unit 18, Lesson 3