Ancient cities of Turkey. A guide to 118 ancient cities, from Anatolia to Thrace 9786055495701

Table of contents :
Cover
Contents
Foreword
Map
A. Marmara
1. Alexandria Troas
2. Antandros
3. Apollonia ad Rhyndacum
4. Assos
5. Bizye
6. Blados
7. Constantinople
8. Cyzikus
9. Nicaea
10. Nicomedeia
11. Parion
12. Perinthos
13. Troia
B. Aegean
1. Aegae
2. Amyzon
3. Arpasa
4. Ephesus
5. Erythrai
6. Clazomenae
7. Cyme
8. Magnesia ad Meandrum
9. Mastaura
10. Metropolis
11. Miletus
12. Notion
13. Nysa
14. Orthosia
15. Pergamon
16. Perperene
17. Phocaea
18. Piginda
19. Priene
20. Sardes
21. Smyrna
22. Temnos
23. Teos
24. Tralleis
C. Inner Aegean
1. Aizanoi
2. Aphrodisias
3. Blaundos
4. Hierapolis
5. Celaenae
6. Laodiceia
7. Philadelphia
8. Tripolis
D. Southwestern Aegean
1. Alabanda
2. Alinda
3. Amos
4. Didyma
5. Euromos
6. Halicarnassus
7. Hyllarima
8. Iassos
9. Castabos
10. Caunos
11. Cedrai
12. Cnidus
13. Cyon
14. Labraunda
15. Lagina
16. Latmos
17. Mylasa
18. Stratonicea
E. Western Mediterranean
1. Antiphellos
2. Apollonia
3. Arycanda
4. Balboura
5. Boubon
6. Idebessos
7. Cadianda
8. Cibyra
9. Xanthos
10. Kyaneai
11. Letoon
12. Limyra
13. Myra
14. Nisa
15. Oenoanda
16. Olympos
17. Patara
18. Phaselis
19. Pinara
20. Rhodiapolis
21. Sidyma
22. Simena
23. Telmessos
24. Termessos
25. Tlos
F. Central Mediterranean
1. Adada
2. Pisidian Antioch
3. Aspendos
4. Kremna
5. Lyrbe-Seleuceia
6. Millias
7. Perge
8. Sagalassos
9. Seleuceia Sidera
10. Selge
11. Side
12. Sillyon
13. Vasada
G. Eastern Mediterranean
1. Anavarza
2. Anemourion
3. Apandos
4. Diocaesarea
5. Elaeussa-Sebaste
6. Kastabala
7. Comana
8. Magarsa
9. Mampsista
10. Soli
H. Central Anatolia – Western Black Sea
1. Amastris
2. Ancyra
3. Anzilia
4. Hattusha
5. Kieros
6. Pessinous
7. Teion
Resources
Yaşar Yilmaz

Citation preview

ANCIENT CITIES OF TURKEY A GUIDE TO 118 ANCIENT CITIES: FROM ANATOLIA TO THRACE

Because Anatolia and Thrace have historically served as land bridges joining Europe and Asia, these areas today enjoy an abundance of ancient and antique city sites. One would be hard-pressed to find any other place that has such magnificent and unique historical remnants. Dating to 9600 BC, Gobekli Tepe, the world's oldest site yet discovered site, is located in Eastern Anatolia, while the antique cities built in the years of 2000 BC by the Hatti and the Hittites are dotted across Central Anatolia, and the most famous antique cities of the classical period are located along Anatolia's Aegean coasts. While visiting the antique cities, one can easily find traces of all the historical perods of Anatolia, including the Luvian-Pelagas, who are considered to be the forerunners of all the peoples settled on this land, to the Hittites, The Macedonians, the Roman, the Byzantines, and the Seljuks to the Ottomans. This book presents its readers with 118 ancients cities, all derived from the inventory built on Ya~ar Y1lmaz's 3,5 years of visits to, and careful photographing of, each of these sites. The photographs are further enhanced by brief, but satisfying, descriptions of the sites compiled from historical resources. Information is provided on the most significant monuments and ruins that once formed the urban core of each site, including their market places, fountains, theaters, and baths, while historical personages and the unique social, cultural, economic, and political structures of each site are also discussed. The book also provides an up-to-date road map and directions on how to find the sites. The antique city sites have been arranged according to the unique topography of the land and in such a way that they can be visited in relatively short visits. These eight major regions begin with the Marmara region, and then continue on with the Aegean region (Aegean, Inland Aegean, Southwest Aegean), the Mediterranean region (Western Mediterranean, Central Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean) and finally the eighth region (Central Anatolia and Western Black Sea).

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111 muzedenal © All rights reserved. No part of this publication including the texts and images therein may be reproduced or republished, wholly or in part, or in summary, paraphrase or adaptation by existing or ye t to be invented mechanical or electronic means such as computer, cell phone, CD, DVD including in t eractive applications, Internet and similar digital environments, by photocopying or recording or by any other method of reproduction without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ANCIENT CITIES OF TURKEY A GUIDE TO 118 ANCIENT CITIES: FROM ANATOLIA TO THRACE

Ya~ar Y1lmaz

ANADOLU KOLTUREL

GiRi~iMCiLiK

I would like to thank Archaeologist Dr. He. Oguz Alpozen for carefully reviewing this work, Anadolu Killtiirel Giri~imcilik Board Member Ege Baghkaya, and all those who contributed.

FOREWORD 8

A

MARMARA

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9

Alexandria Troas 16 Antandros 1 7 Apollonia ad Rhyndacum 1 8 Assos 19 Bizye 20 Blados 21 Constantinople 22 Cyzikus 23 Nicaea 24 AlO Nicomedeia 25 All Parion 26 A12 Perinthos 27 A 3 Troia (Troy) 28

CONTENTS

8 B1 82 B3 84 B5 86 87 88 89 810 811 B12 813

AEGEAN

Aegae 34 Amyzon 35 Arpasa 36 Ephesus 37 Erythrai 39 Clazomenae 40 Cyme 41 Magnesia ad Meandrum 42 Mastaura 43 Metropolis 44 Miletus 45 Notion 47 Nysa 48 B14 Orthosia 49 B1 5 Pergamon 50 B1 6 Perperene 52 B17 Phocaea 53 B18 Piginda 54 B19 Priene 55 B20 Sardes 56 B21 Smyrna 58 B22 Temnos 59 823 Teos 60 B24 Tralleis 61 INNER AEGEAN C Cl Aizanoi 66 C2 Aphrodisias 67 C3 Blaundos 69 C4 Hierapolis 70 CS Celaenae 72 C6 Laodiceia 74 C7 Philadelphia 76 C8 Tripolis 77

SOUTHWESTERN AEGEAN Alabanda 82 Alinda 83 Amos 84 Didyma 85 o- Euromos 86 D Halicamassus 87 D.., Hyllarima 89 on lassos 90 D Castabos 91 D " Caunos 92 D Cedrai 94 D Cnidus 95 0 1 ., Cyon 96 01 Labraunda 97 D Lagina 98 0 Latmos 99 D - Mylasa 100 o•.., Stratonicea 101 D D D D D

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN E El Antiphellos 106 E2 Apollonia 1 07 E3 Arycanda 1 08 E4 Balboura 109 ES Boubon 110 E6 Idebessos 111 E7 Cadianda 11 2 E8 Cibyra 113 E9 Xanthos 114 E1 O Kyaneai 116 E11 Letoon 117 El 2 Limyra 118 E13 Myra 119 E14 Nisa 120 E15 Oenoanda 121 El 6 Olympos 122 E1 7 Patara 123 E18 Phaselis 125 E19 Pinara 126 E20 Rhodiapolis 127 E21 Sidyma 128 E22 Simena 129 E23 Telmessos 130 E24 Termessos 131 E25 Tlos 133

F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F1 3

CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN Adada 138 Pisidian Antioch 139 Aspendos 140 Kremna 141 Lyrbe-Seleuceia 142 Millias 143 Perge 144 Sagalassos 145 Seleuceia Sidera 146 Selge 147 Side 149 Sillyon 150 Vasada 151

G G

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Anavarza 1 56 Anemourion 157 Apandos 158 Diocaesarea 159 Elaeussa-Sebaste 160 Kastaba1a 161 Comana 163 Magarsa 165 Mampsista 166 Soli 167

G G G G G G G G

G H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 HG H7

CENTRAL ANATOLIA WESTERN BLACK SEA Amastris 1 72 Ancyra 173 Anzilia 174 Hattusha 1 7 5 Kieros 176 Pessinous 177 Teion 179

RESOURCES 181

FOREWORD

A

natolia is quite rich in terms of ancient cities. Considering that Hittite cuneiform date back to the early 2000s BC, this means that we can refer to written sources that are around 4000 years old. Anatolia's location as a bridge between Asia and Europe constitutes one of the major factors behind its historical wealth. The historical sites of surprising antiquity and diversity in this area are rarely to be found in other areas. Anatolia not only is home to the oldest built structure ever discovered in the world, in Gobekli Tepe, a structure dating back to 9600 BC, but also ancient Hattians and Hittite cities from the 3000-2000s BC in Central Anatolia, and the most famous cities of antiquity on the Aegean coasts. Prior to the excavations at