Anatomy of the Organs [1 ed.] 1423234634, 9781423234630

Table of contents :
Organs overview
RESPIRATORY & URINARY SYSTEMS
Anterior Respiratory & Urinary
Respiratory Tracts
Right Kidney
Left Adrenal Gland
Male Urogenital System
Female Urogenital System
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Anterior Digestive
Stomach
Small Intestine (Schematic)
Hepatic Portal Veins
Large Intestine
HEART & CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
Anterior Circulatory System
Anterior Heart & Vessels
Posterior
Thoracic, Neck & Head Veins
Thoracic, Neck & Head Arteries
THORACIC NERVES Anterior
Spinal Nerves
Phrenic & Vagus Nerves
Spinal Cord
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Deep Abdominal & Inguinal Nodes
Dorsal Spleen
Large Intestine Lymphatics
Stomach & Pancreas
Arm Axilla & Thorax Lymphatics
Heart & Lungs

Citation preview

WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE

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ORGANS Lungs

Arteries

Kidney

Nerves

Thyroid cartilage

Hyoid bone

Cricothyroid muscle

Thyroid gland

Cricoid cartilage

Trachea Superior vena cava

Aortic arch Ascending aorta

Stomach

Right lung

Left lung

Spine

Heart

Stomach Liver Spleen

Intestine

Lymphatics

Gallbladder Small intestine Transverse colon

Ascending colon

Heart

Descending colon

Cecum

Spleen Sigmoid colon

Urinary bladder

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RESPIRATORY & URINARY SYSTEMS

Respiratory Tracts

Anterior Respiratory & Urinary

Upper lobe bronchus: Apical Anterior Posterior

Middle lobe bronchus: Lateral Medial

Vocal fold (cord)

Costal pleura

Secondary bronchi R. lung Cardiac notch Bronchiole & lobule Pleura Diaphragm

Right Kidney

L. dome of the diaphragm

Diaphragmatic pleura

Cardiac impressions

R. dome of the diaphragm

Vena caval foramen Esophagus**

Diaphragm

L. adrenal gland

Inferior vena cava

Esophageal foramen

R. adrenal gland

L. kidney

R. kidney

Aortal hiatus

R. renal a.

L. renal a.

R. renal v.

L. renal v.

Renal pelvis

Left Adrenal Gland L. superior suprarenal a.a.

Inferior mesenteric a.**

Inferior phrenic a.

L. testicular/ovarian a.&v.

Inferior vena cava**

Ureter

R. common iliac a.

L. common iliac v.

Sacral n.n.** Ductus deferens

Celiac trunk**

Levator ani m.

Abbreviations

L. suprarenal v.

Urinary bladder

L. inferior suprarenal a.

Urethra**

Superior mesenteric a.** L. renal v. Testicular v.v.** Testicular a.a.**

Male Urogenital System

Corpus spongiosum Prepuce (foreskin) Navicular fossa Glans penis External urethral meatus

Adrenal gland** Central v. Medulla** Cortex** Fat** Fibrous capsule** L. kidney**

L. middle suprarenal a.

Urachus (median umbilical l.)**

Prostate (male)

Corpus cavernosum

Aorta**

Internal iliac vessels** R. suprarenal v.**

Rectum**

Urinary bladder Vas deferens Spermatic cord Urine Pubis Urethra

Renal column Renal papillae Area cribrosa Papillary foramina Capsular & perirenal a.a. Segmental a.a. & v.v. Main renal a. Main renal v. Renal calices Renal pelvis Medial margin Ureter

Upper pole Renal medulla Renal cortex Fibrous capsule Renal pyramids Base of pyramid Interlobar a.a. Arcuate a.a. & v.v. Lateral margin Interlobular a.a. Lower pole

Abdominal aorta

R. testicular/ ovarian a.&v. Anterior longitudinal l.

** = cut a. = artery a.a. = arteries L. = Left l. = ligament l.l. = ligaments m.m. = muscles n.n. = nerves R. = Right v. = vein v.v. = veins

Larynx Trachea Primary bronchi

Lower lobe bronchus: Superior lower Anteromedial basal Posterior basal Lateral basal Medial basal (cardiac) Basal anterior

Lower lobe bronchus: Anterior basal Lateral basal Posterior basal Medial basal

Tongue

Glottis

Superior division bronchus: Apical Posterior Anterior Lingular bronchus: Superior Inferior

Intermediate bronchus Superior lower bronchus

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Thyroid cartilage Cricothyroid l. Cricoid cartilage Tracheal cartilage Pleura Shell of the L. lung Annular l.l. L. main bronchus Upper lobe bronchus

6th cervical vertebra Trachea Apex Pleura Shell of the R. lung Tracheal bifurcation R. main bronchus

Nasal cavity

Superior, middle & inferior conchae (turbinates) Auditory (eustachian) tube

Ureter

L. renal a.

Female Urogenital System

Ureter Sacrum Sigmoid colon Seminal vesicle Rectum Fat Ejaculatory duct Prostate gland Pelvic bowl m.m. Anus Bulbourethral (Cowper) gland Epididymis Testicular tubules Scrotum Testis 2

Uterine tube Fimbria Ovary Uterus Endometrium Myometrium Cervical canal Urinary bladder Urine Pubic bone Clitoris Urethra Labia minora Labia majora Vaginal opening

Ureter Descending colon Sacrum Sigmoid colon Cervix Coccyx Rectum Vagina Anus Tendon levator ani Pelvic bowl m.m.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Stomach Serosa

Abdominal esophagus Z line (zigzag) junction of gastric & esophageal mucosa Cardiac opening Lesser curvature Gastric Pyloric Superior (1st) part canal sphincter m. of duodenum

Oral cavity Parotid duct

Parotid gland

Fundic stomach

Cardiac notch

Anterior Digestive

Stomach musculature**: Longitudinal layer Circular layer Oblique layer

Tongue Pharynx**

Sublingual salivary gland Submandibular salivary gland Trachea** Duodenum Ampulla Pyloric opening

Esophagus

Duodenum: Superior part Descending part Ascending part Horizontal part

Spleen (lymphatic system) Pancreas (behind stomach)

Gallbladder

Duodenum

Duodenojejunal flexure

Ghost of the descending colon

Ghost of the ascending colon

Descending colon (l.i.) behind (trans.) (s.i.)

Cecum

Ampulla

Ghost of the transverse colon**

Transverse colon (l.i.) (trans.)

Appendix

Gastric folds (rugae)

Jejunum

Duodenum (s.i.) (behind transverse colon)

Ascending colon (l.i.)

Pyloric canal

Small Intestine (Schematic)

Stomach (trans.) Liver (trans.)

Greater curvature

Jejunum (s.i.) (trans.)

Ileum (s.i) (trans.)

Ileum

Sigmoid colon Abbreviations

Rectum

** = cut L. = Left (l.i.) = large intestine R. = Right (s.i.) = small intestine v. = vein v.v. = veins trans. = transparent

Anus

Hepatic Portal Veins Inferior vena cava R. branch

­Hepatic v.v.

Esophagus L. gastric v.

Ghost of the rectum**

Large Intestine Transverse colon (below)** [Indications of section below]

R. colic (hepatic) flexure Stomach (trans.)

Liver (trans.)

L. colic (splenic) flexure Haustra

Spleen

Portal v. Cystic v. Gallbladder Pancreaticoduodenal v.v. Pancreas Duodenum R. colic flexure Middle colic v. Superior mesenteric v. Inferior vena cava R. colic v. Ascending colon Ileocolic v.v. Cecal vv. Cecum Ileum Appendicular v. Appendix Common iliac v.v. Superior rectal v.

Ghost of the appendix

Ascending colon

L. branch Splenic v.

Omental tenia** Mesocolic tenia**

R. gastric v.

Semilunar folds** Ileum**

L. gastro-epiploic v. Inferior mesenteric v. L. colic v.v.

Descending colon

Free tenia (tenia libera)

Free tenia (tenia libera)

Cecum

Inferior mesenteric v.

Vermiform appendix Rectosigmoid junction

Jejunal & ileal v.v.

Sigmoid colon

Descending colon Sigmoid v.v.

Rectum

Sigmoid colon Rectum

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Exterior anal sphincter m. Anus

HEART & CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

Anterior Heart & Vessels R. common carotid Internal jugular v.

Anterior Circulatory System (Transparent Bone & Heart) Circle of Willis Superior ophthalmic a. Frontal branch Basilar a. Superior temporal a. Internal carotid a. Vertebral a. Inferior labial a. Facial a. External carotid a. Common carotid a. Superior thyroid a. Brachiocephalic trunk Thyrocervical trunk Subclavian a. Superior thoracic a. Internal thoracic a. Thoracoacromial a. Axillary a. Aortic arch Lateral thoracic a. Ascending aorta Superior & inferior pulmonary v.v.

R. subclavian a.

Superior sagittal sinus R. external jugular v. Supraorbital v. Superficial temporal v. R. brachiocephalic v. Transverse sinus Superior vena cava Angular v. Superior labial v. Abbreviations ** = cut Inferior labial v. a. = artery Facial v. a.a. = arteries Superior thyroid v. L. = Left R. = Right Interior jugular v. v. = vein External jugular v. v.v. = veins trans. = transparent Anterior jugular v. R. coronary a. Jugular venous arch R. atrium L. brachiocephalic v. L. subclavian v. R. ventricle

Inferior thyroid v. L. common carotid Internal jugular v. L. external jugular v. L. brachiocephalic v. L. subclavian a. Ascending aorta Aortic arch L. pulmonary a.a. L. pulmonary v.v. L. atrium Great cardiac v. L. ventricle L. anterior descending (or anterior intraventricular) coronary a.

Superior vena cava L. pulmonary a. Axillary v.

Apex Fat Descending aorta

Inferior vena cava

Thoracoepigastric v. Pulmonary trunk L. atrium R. atrium

L. subclavian a.

L. ventricle

Posterior intercostal a. Abdominal aorta Hepatic, L. gastric & splenic a.a.

L. pulmonary a.

R. ventricle Posterior intercostal v.v. Hepatic v.v. Inferior vena cava

R. renal a. Interlobar a.a. Superior mesenteric a. Inferior mesenteric a. Testicular (ovarian) a. Bifurcation of aorta Median sacral a. External iliac a. Internal iliac a. Lateral sacral a.

Posterior Heart

L. renal v. Interlobar v.v. Ascending lumbar v. L. testicular v. Median sacral v. External iliac v. Internal iliac v.

L. auricle

L. common carotid a. Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch R. pulmonary a.

L. superior pulmonary v.

Superior vena cava

L. inferior pulmonary v.

R. superior pulmonary v.

Great cardiac v. Circumflex branch of L. coronary a. Posterior branch of L. coronary a. Posterior v. of L. ventricle Coronary sinus L. ventricle Apex

R. inferior pulmonary v. L. atrium Sulcus terminalis R. atrium R. coronary a. Inferior vena cava Posterior descending a. Middle cardiac v.

Thoracic, Neck & Head Arteries

Thoracic, Neck & Head Veins (Transparent Bone & Cartilage) Superficial temporal v. Superior bulb of jugular v. Retromandibular v. Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinus Occipital sinus Confluence of sinuses Deep cervical v. Internal jugular v. Anterior jugular v. Vertebral v.v. Supreme intercostal v. External jugular v.** Suprascapular v.** Thoracoacromial v. Inferior bulb of jugular v. Thyroid v.v. R. cephalic v. Lateral thoracic v. Pectoral v.** Brachial v.v. Basilic v. Superior vena cava Posterior intercostal v.v. Azygos v. Pericardiacophrenic v. Pericardium Diaphragm

Superior sagittal sinus Skull (trans.) Middle temporal v. Maxillary v. Pterygoid plexus External nasal v. Deep facial v. Superficial labial v. Facial v.v. Inferior labial v. Submental v. Superior thyroid v. Superior laryngeal v. Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Trachea L. subclavicular v. L. brachiocephalic v. L. superior intercostal v. Internal thoracic v.v. Mediastinal v. Pericardial v. Superior epigastric v.v.

Subcutaneous abdominal v.v. Anterior intercostal v.v.

(Transparent Bone, Cartilage & Veins)

Maxillary a. Superficial temporal a. Parietal branch of superficial temporal a. Interior carotid a. Skull (trans.) Frontal branch of superficial temporal a. Posterior auricular a. Anterior & posterior deep temporal a.a. L. vertebral a. Ascending pharyngeal a.** Supraorbital a. Supratrochlear a. External carotid a. Ophthalmic a. Internal carotid a. Dorsal nasal a. Occipital a. External nasal a. Descending branch Infraorbital a. Deep cervical a. Angular a. Cervical part of L. vertebral a. Superior labial a. Ascending cervical a. Transverse facial a. L. common carotid a. Inferior labial a. Prevertebral part of L. Mental branch of vertebral a. inferior alveolar a. L. subclavian a. Facial a. Superior thoracic a.** Lingual a. Thoracoacromial a. Superior laryngeal a. Acromial branch Superior thyroid a. Thyroid cartilage Deltoid branches Thyrocervical trunk Pectoral branch** Cricoid cartilage Axillary a. R. brachiocephalic v. Inferior thyroid a. Anterior circumflex Brachiocephalic trunk humeral a. Superior vena cava Posterior circumflex L. internal thoracic a. humeral a. Arch of aorta Brachial a. L. pulmonary a.** Lateral thoracic a.** L. pulmonary v.v.** L. internal thoracic a. L. main bronchus & a. Pericardial a. Posterior intercostal a. Superior epigastric a. Musculophrenic a. (behind Thoracic aorta costal cartilage) Superior phrenic a.a. Subcutaneous abdominal a.a. Pericardium Diaphragm Anterior intercostal a. 4

THORACIC NERVES

Anterior

Spinal Nerves Supraorbital n. Zygomaticofacial n. Infraorbital n. Buccal branch of facial n. Mental n. Ventral rami: 3 4 5

Supratrochlear n. Auriculotemporal n. Parotid gland & duct Anterior scalene m. Esophagus** Trachea** R. common carotid a.** R. subclavian a.** R. brachial plexus

CI Cervical plexus C I–C IV Cervical n.n. C I–C VIII Brachial plexus C V–T I

L. phrenic n. L. vagus n.

1st cervical vertebra (transverse process)**

C II C III C IV CV

Supraclavicular n.

C VI C VII

Upper trunk Middle trunk

C VIII

Inferior trunk

TI

7th cervical vertebra (pedicle & transverse process)**

T II Bronchial branch

Axillary a.

Esophageal plexus

Window cut in pericardium**(trans.)

Posterior vagal trunk celiac branch

TV Thoracic n.n. T I–T XII

Phrenicoabdominal branch of phrenic n.

Inferior vena cava Anterior vagal trunk

Stomach**

Pyloric branch

Spleen

Liver**

T IX

Celiac ganglion

Gall bladder

Superior mesenteric ganglion

Duodenum**(trans.)

Aorticorenal ganglia

Pancreas**(trans.)

Ascending colon** Grey rami communicantes

Sympathetic trunk

T XII

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

LI

Superior hypogastric plexus

Psoas major m.**

Descending colon**

Femoral n.

L. ureter & plexus

Hypogastric n.n.

Sympathetic trunk sacral ganglia

Obturator n.

Sacral plexus Abbreviations

Lumbar n.n. L I–L V

L III

Genitofemoral n.

L IV

Lateral femoral cutaneous n.

Sacral plexus L V–S IV

Conus medullaris Iliohypogastric n. Ilioinguinal n.

5th lumbar vertebra (pedicle)** Sacrum [5 fused vertebrae (pedicles)]** Femoral n. Superior gluteal n. Inferior gluteal n.

LV SI S II S III

S IV SV External filum terminale Coccygeal n. Coccyx

Phrenic & Vagus Nerves

Brachial plexus Anterior scalene m. R. subclavian a.** R. phrenic n. R. common carotid a.** Brachiocephalic trunk Trachea R. lung (trans.) Superior vena cava** Pericardial branch of R. phrenic n. Pericardium** (trans.) Phrenicoabdominal branch of phrenic n. (to inferior surface of diaphragm)

1st lumbar vertebra (pedicle)**

L II

Sacral n.n. S I–S V

Pharynx Interior jugular v.** Uvula Oropharynx** R. vagus n. (X) 3 Ventral rami 4 5

12th thoracic vertebra (pedicle)**

Lumbar plexus T XII–L IV

Lateral femoral cutaneous n. lumbosacral trunk

Sciatic n.

TX T XI

L. kidney

R. colic n. with autonomic plexus

Posterior median fissure

T VIII

Splenic plexus

Diaphragm

T VI T VII

Anterior gastric branches

Hepatic branch

1st thoracic vertebra (pedicle)**

T IV

Axillary n.

R. lung (trans.)

** = cut a. = artery C = cervical L. = Left L = lumbar m. = muscle n. = nerve n.n. = nerves R. = Right S = sacrum T = thoracic v. = vein trans. = transparent italics = bone features

T III

Pulmonary plexus

Medial brachialcutaneous n.

Superior jugular ganglion Inferior nodose ganglion Pharyngeal branch Superior laryngeal branch L. vagus n. (X) Epiglottis Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricothyroid m.m. White matter (sensory) Brachial plexus Dorsal root (sensory) L. subclavian a.** L. phrenic n. Ventral root (motor) L. recurrent laryngeal n. Spinous process L. lung (trans.) Sensory ganglion L. common carotid a.** Thoracic cardiac n. Superior articular process L. recurrent laryngeal n. Pedicle Bronchial branch Transverse process Pulmonary plexus N. fibers Pericardial branch of L. phrenic n. Esophageal plexus Gray & white rami Esophagus communicantes Pericardium** (trans.)

Posterior femoral cutaneous n. Pudendal n. Sciatic n.

Spinal Cord

(Window cut to view esophagus) Phrenic n. 5

Inferior articular process & facet

Synapse Gray matter White matter (motor) Pia mater Motor n. fibers Arachnoid mater Dura mater Sympathetic ganglion Sympathetic trunk Vertebral body (centrum) Intervertebral disc

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ** = cut a. = artery a.a. = arteries L. = Left l. = ligament m. = muscle R. = Right v. = vein v.v. = veins trans. = transparent

Parotid lymph nodes R. lymphatic duct

Cervical lymph nodes

Brachiocephalic v.**

L. gastric a.

Thoracic duct**

Abbreviations

Cardiac ring of nodes

Hepatic v.v.**

Celiac node

Inferior vena cava**

Abdominal aorta

Thoracic duct

L. lumbar nodes

Cisterna chyli

Subaortic common iliac nodes

R. lumbar trunk L. lumbar trunk

Thoracic duct

Common iliac nodes Sacral nodes

Inferior vena cava**

Interiliac external iliac node

Lateral common iliac nodes Intermediate external iliac nodes

Internal iliac nodes

Highest deep inguinal node (Rosenmuller or Cloquet)

Superolateral superficial inguinal nodes

Inguinal l. Axillary lymph nodes

Cribiform fascia

Sigmoid colon**

Cremaster m.**

Deep inguinal nodes

Intercostal nodes

Inferior superficial inguinal nodes

Fascia lata

Lymphatic vessels Intestinal nodes

Upper extremity Gastrosplenic l. Short gastric a.a. & v.v. Peritoneum Renal surface Splenic a. Splenic v. Visceral surface Colic (biliary) surface

Cisterna chyli Common iliac nodes Paraaortic nodes Inguinal lymph nodes

Great saphenous v.

Fascia**

Dorsal Spleen

Gastric surface Superior (notched) margin Thoracic duct** Splenorenal l. Paracolic Pancreatic nodes surface

Large Intestine Lymphatics

Anterior extremity

Celiac nodes Epicolic nodes

Cisterna chyli

Paracolic nodes

Middle colic nodes

Inferior mesenteric nodes

Superior mesenteric nodes

Aorta**

L. gastric nodes

Preaortic nodes Sigmoid nodes

Ileocolic nodes

Diaphragm**

Paracolic nodes

Cecal nodes

Splenic nodes

Appendicular nodes Common iliac nodes Superior rectal nodes

Pancreas (behind stomach) L. gastroepiploic (gastroomental) node L. superior pancreatic nodes

Heart & Lungs

R. gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) nodes Superior mesenteric nodes Superior mesenteric a.**

R. tracheal nodes

Inferior deep cervical node

Inferior deep cervical node

L. tracheal nodes

R. brachiocephalic v.**

Arm Axilla & Thorax Lymphatics Central axillary nodes

L. colic nodes

R. colic nodes

Stomach & Pancreas Esophagus** Thoracic duct** Celiac nodes Cisterna chyli Pancreas (behind stomach) R. superior pancreatic node Suprapyloric nodes Pyloris Infrapyloric nodes Head of pancreas Stomach (trans.) Duodenum Preaortic nodes

Thoracic duct L. brachiocephalic v.**

Subclavian chain of nodes

Aortic arch node

R. superior tracheobronchial nodes

Internal jugular nodes Subclavian nodes

L. superior tracheobronchial nodes

Inferior tracheobronchial nodes

Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes

Pulmonary nodes

Interlobular lymph vessels

Subpleural lymph plexus Brachial nodes Cubital nodes Subscapular nodes Interpectoral nodes Paramammary nodes Mammary gland Parasternal nodes Pathways to opposite breast Pathways to subdiaphragmatic nodes

NOTE TO STUDENT



Deep Abdominal & Inguinal Nodes

Pulmonary nodes Subpleural lymphatic plexus

Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes

Infracardial nodes

Retrocardiac nodes

L. gastric nodes

Anterior mediastinal nodes

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Heart (trans.)

Interlobular lymph vessels

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