Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence
Copyright Page
Contents
Biographies
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Medication Adherence
Introduction
What Is Medication Adherence?
Is Medication Adherence Really a Problem?
Consequences of Medication Nonadherence
Consequences for Patients
Consequences for Healthcare Systems
Medicines Wastage
Factors Affecting Medication Adherence
Patient Factors
Treatment Factors
Healthcare System Factors
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Improvement of Medication Adherence
Methods for Assessing Medication Adherence. Indirect Assessment MethodsDirect Assessment Methods
Conclusions
References
2 Opportunities and Challenges for Analytical Chemistry in the Assessment of Medication Adherence
Introduction
Opportunities
Challenges
Understanding Pharmacokinetic Effects on the Concentration of a Drug in the Bloodstream
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics
Excretion
Overall Effects of ADME on Drug Levels in Blood
Movement of a Drug Through the Body
Biological Sample Matrices
Urine
Liquid Blood
Dried Blood Spot
Saliva
Hair
Sweat
Tears
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Semen. Vaginal FluidConclusions
References
3 Analytical Chemistry Methods for the Assessment of Medication Adherence
Introduction
Sample Preparation
Protein Precipitation
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Solid-Phase Extraction
Instrumental Analyses
Immunoassay (IA) Systems for Organic Active Ingredients
Enzyme-Based Assays
Fluorescence-Based Polarization Assays
Antibodies
Instrumentation
Point-of-Care Testing
Chromatography-Based Methods for Organic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Chromatography Systems With Passive Detectors
GC With Flame Ionization Detection. Thin Layer and High-Performance Thin Layer Liquid ChromatographyHigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography With UV Detection
Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography
Mass Spectrometers As Dynamic Detectors For Chromatography Systems
Interfaces for GC-MS Systems
Interfaces for LC-MS Systems
Electrospray Ionization
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
Mass Analysis
Low-Resolution Scanning MS-Linear Quadrupole
Low-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometers-Triple Quadrupole and Ion Traps
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometers-ToF and Orbitrap
Time-of-Flight (ToF) Instruments
Orbitrap. Data Collection and Manipulation for GC-MS and LC-MS InstrumentsComparison of MS Systems
Analytical Methods for Inorganic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Flame Photometry
Ion-Selective Electrodes
Electrochemical Detection
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis
Test Facilities
Instrumentation for Service Provision
References
4 Application of Bioanalytical Methods to Assess Medication Adherence in Clinical Settings
Introduction
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Cancer
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis C
Pain Management
Schizophrenia
Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Epilepsy
Malaria.

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