An Introduction to Tamil Script: Reading and Writing

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AN INTRODUCTION TO TAMIL SCRIPT: READING AND WRITING

CENTRAL rNSTITUTE OF INDlAN LANGUAGES C/IL Seco:nd LAnguage Textbooks Series 16

II

AN INTRODUCTION TO TAMIL SCRIPT: READING AND WRITING

D.P.PATTANAYAK M.S. THIRUMALAI

CENfRAL INSTJTIITE OF INDIAN LANGUAGES MANASAGANGOTRJ, MYSORE 570 006

UJ

M Introduction to Tamil Script Reading .,d Wrttlng D.P. Paan.,U M.S.Tldnt..a.l Fust

Pwb/tsltetl

FlnJ Reprlttl

Ausun 12$0 Bhadnl902

l)eceam '9s:s Agrahayane 1907

Dcqmbg 199-4 Agrahayana 1916

Noyembq 2004 K.arthik 1916

C CoJraJ l11Stlhl1e Q/ Indian Languages, Mysore, J980 'J'lv. IJ'IUcrial 1111y not be reproduced ~ tmnsmi!Jrld. eilbc:r 111 put or in lVII, In In)' form or by clcdronil:. or m:chamcal includinJ pholoc:opy, ra:onllfta, or any lnf'onnal:ion ~ and retnevall)"tm'l wttllout pcrnnaPJn in Mili11J ftam: a~y ~

Director

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Published by rr.feaor Udaya Nanyaaa Slqlt.. Director Central lmtitute of Indian Language~, Mysore Printed by Mr. S.B.Biswu. Manager, CIJL PTinfina Prca, CovC'f desip by Sbri. P. Bela Mouroupne, Sbt. A.Manohar

Man•sagangotri, Mysore - 570 006

IV

FOREWORD Tbe Central lrutitmc of Indian Languages was establlsbed at Mysore on 1'f' July 1969 with a primary objecti'vc of fulfilling the Government of India ' s retOlution that envisaged a sot of concrete measures for the development o f the .nejor languages of India. The Institute is also charged with the reSponsibility of conductmg research on all the minor and lesser-known as well as endangered

Mlapaes of India to bring out grammars. dictjonarics, style manuals, eundardiz.ed writing and spelling patterns. language pedagogy materials and

a.,ua,e technology tools for such languages. In order to implement the Institute' s goal of developing the major Indian

Lanau.agcs and bring them into o ur teaching and research scheme - mainly meant for~

!!ehool teac hers. the Institute has set up seven Regional Language Centres

an the variOU5 linguistic

~gions

o f the country to help and meet the demand for

....mod teachers. This was thought in order to implement the three language formula and the assurances gjven to linguistic minorities. These Centres are

charpd with the responsibilities of developing need methods of teaching

based

materials and

Indian languages as second/foreign Languages, train

MOOndal; school teachers in languages other than their mother tongues with a v~w to providing more language choice to young students

in Secondary schools

and thus heighten the awareness o f the diversity which goes Into tbe building of the moSI.lc o f lndian Culture through their activities such as inter language translations, original writing in another language, etc .,

This book An introduction to Taail Script - Readtq aad

mtroduces to the Ieamer the wriLing method of Tamil Scripts,

tts

writiac

individual

pronunciation , variation in pronunciation when a particular script occurs in other pbonologtaJ sequences, etc., This semi auto instructional book has illustrations in English designed and formatted in such a way that the Ieamer can get acquainted with the Tamil

~ri pt

system in a more natural and scientifiC manner.

Ever since it was published in the year 1980, severa l hundred second language learners of Tam il from all over the globe have benefited with it. Need less to say ttult this edition could incorporate in it several learner friendly changes wh ich

were the result of more than a decade of field test.

Professor Udaya Narayana Sina:b

V1

INTRODOCriON This book is a semi auto-instructional introduction to reading and writing of Tamil script. The volume aims at imparting a knowiedge of Jading pronunciation wbiJe teaclrin:g the Tamil script. The pronunciation values of Tamil letters are explained with a phonetic (Roman) script and Devanagari. To explain and illustrate the sounds specific to Tamil, the spoc:ial letters of Parivardhini Devanagari are used.

1n some cases, the points of articulation in the oral cavity and manner of articulation [how movable tongue is positioned or directed] are abo gjv-en. Note that all the letters, words, phrases and sentences should be read aloud even where no such instruction is given in the frames. Practise writing the letters, words, etc. , until you are sure that you can write them on your own . Do not restrict tb.e practice of writing the letters to the number oftimes demanded in each frame.

ln testing frames, the key to the question raised in the frame is Jiveo in small letters at the bottom of the page on the right side. You may cover it with your thumb or a pencil and answer the question. Use the key only to check whether your response is correct. If your response is wrong. usc the key to learn and practise the correct answer. Note thatl n J IS dental nasal. That is, tn the production of rnJ, the front part [the tip and the portion immediately following itJ of the tongue makes a close contael with the back side of the upper teeth and the Oeshy teeth ridge. This is in contrast to the sound [ n J, in the producti-on of which the tip of the tongue alone makes a close contact with the fleshy. teeth

ridge.

vii

a

uewl hand movement in writing Tamil letters is from the left to the

Ji1bt ~

fiom the top to the bottom. Note the strokes of letters lta] ~ and fpa) q as given below. Copy them three times eactL Your letter should be lim"*r to the one given at extreme right.

L

'L ~

LJ '

HIM movements used in wntmg Tamil letters are clockwise aniiclockwise or both. Observe tilt band movements for the letters [pa] q IDd [ca] ~.

u

Tllldl Script

_...bind

movement in writing Tamil letters is from the left to the .... dd· &om the top to the bottom. Note the strokes of letters ltal ~and fpa) q as given below. Copy them three times each. Your letter shouJd be 111

llimi)ar to the one given at extreme right.

·L

L

·U,

u

~

'

Hlmd movements used in writing Tamil lette.rs are clockwise mtic:loclcwise or both. Observe~ hand movements for the letters [pa] q lnd [c::a] 'q,

·~~h

u

$

If

Note that the letter u may be de.rived from L . Write them three times each. Your letter should be similar to the one given at exueme right

L

L

LJ

u

Compare the letters for [pa] l1 and (rna] Tf. Note the similarity and difference between them. Copy them three times each. Your letter should be simiJar to the one given at extrem e right.

u LD 2

T.mil Safpt

Compare the letter for [pa] -q with that for [ya] ~ and note the difference. Copy them three times each_ Your letter should be similar to the one given at extreme rigbL

u

w

UJ

)

Note that the letter w may be derived from u . Write them three times each. Your letter should be similar to the one given at extreme right

u

u

t.U

lU

3

Write the letters for LtaJ c, fpa] q and lma] J1 three times each. Your lerter shou ld be similar to the one gi ven at extreme right .

L

IL

2 •

i3

•

u

,f_JJ

LD

It

~

Note that the letter LJ) may be derived from u Write them three times each. Your letter s hould be s1 m ilar to the one given at extreme right.

u

u

w

L.O 4

Tamil Scripc

eomp.re the letter for [ma] Jt

with that for

rP~l 00 Copy each of the letters

three times.. Note the simjLvity and difference between them. Your letter should be similar to the one given at extreme nght.

LD

·i_JJ .

,j2tJ

6~

Tbe leuer ~ lf81 co is pronounced as foUow . Tk sides of the tongu"C tou.cJl the entire upper teeth ridge. leaving an opening. however. in the front. The tongue form s a shape sim ilar to a hollow boat. The air is released through the front opening

5

I

TamiJ Script

Note that UJ may be derived from u and W from LO. Write them three times each. Your letter should be similar to the one given at extreme right.

u

u

~.U LD

tu LJ)

.

~

LJ)

,•••

Write the letters for [ya] 'lT and [?Jl] ~ three times each following the strokes indicated. You letter should be similar to the one given at extreme right.

w

3

li2tl

6tr 6

Tamil Scripl

Write the letters for lta~. [pa) ~. [ya] 'lf, [ma] lf and [pt] ~

Compere your writing with the letters given below.

LU

UJ

1.0

7

TIDUJ -scnpt

All consonants when written as indicated so far contain an inherent vowel and have to be so pronounced. To Indicate the absence of vowel. a dot is placed on top of the consonant symbol. Thus:

L U

is ltaJC whereas

•

L

is .t.

usually uttered [i.tJ~

is p,

usually uttered [ip] ~

•

is (pa}tf whereas

U

•

lD is [maJ " whereas LD ism, •

•

lU is[ya} lf

usually uttered [m] l{

whereas

lU

is y,

usually uttered (yJ 'l{

8

~ is [p) pwhereat

•

b9

is _ _ _ usually uttered _ __

{9e] ~is _, [p) "{is _ , lta] cis _ _ , lt] ~is _.

U,U,L,L

9

T amiJ Script

[ma] Jf is

____J

[m] l{ is. [?Jl] ~is _, [1] ~is_ [ya] "li is _

_, [y] !{

ts _ _

LO,Lb , ~,~.UJ.uJ

A matra is the representation of a vowel which occurs with a coruonant to (onn a syllable. Observe the use of matras in Devanagari.

10

Tllllil Script

Each Tamil vowel, Long and short, has its own mltra representation.

The primary letter (a letter without a dot above and with no additional leCODdary letter to mark the mitras) bas the inherent vowel (a]. Read the ~cueD loudly and copy them three times each.

L

u IJ)

11

Tamil Seript

The primary letter wiJl be written without a dot above. The pure consonant is written with a dot above. Compare both the letters and copy them three times each.

L •

L

The pure consonant will be written with a dot above. Copy the letters three times eacb.

w• •

lJ)

u•

12

Tamil Saipt

Encircle

L

and tick u in the following words . •

LOLLO

Encircle L and tick L in the following words.

Ul

•

I

•

LO

•

LOLLO

• • lDLI lJ)

Encircle u and tick

u~

UJ

in the foiJowiJJ& words.

uwa.b

Encircle u and tick Lb in the foUowina words.

,·. Lb

l04

•b

Encircle Wand tick Lb in the following words.

Write the mAtra symbol for [a) 3i three times. Your letter should be similar to the one given at extreme.right.

2

ff

rr

Observe the letters Lri]CT, lpi] tfl and [mi] J:fl. Write three times each.

LIT

urr

Compare the Jetter for Lta] c with the Jetter for lti] CT and write the letters three times each.

L

LIT

16

TanuJ Saipc

Compare the Jetter for

[paJ

t:i with the Jener for

[paJ

tn Write three times

each.

u

urr

Compare the letter for [ya] ~ with the letter for [ya] times each.

UJ

UJrr

17

C'IK h

pronounred

or a

worJ

•

~IJI.O •

~LLD

l hc lt'tter ~ · \\i th or

\\ tt houl

matra s~ m bo h fo r o ther \o .,.,d s.

pronounced "'t lh the so unJ val Uf10UJWCd u

and it

IS

proll.

C&JaSl

CUMb

Encircle Ql5 and tick fill*.

170

.. l am•l \cnpt

u~j

~r6l

JQ)V

~~

I'AlJD t

~rbl

Q&JWr6l

®~

~Ji>JJ>Uurr

LD!&

)

FiU in tM bl ank s V.'l th "'l lt lab lc let1ers:

df

~

A.

5ff

••

&1

Ff

~

£

Q5

ftJ

~ Q)5

il

Q)6

L

Llf

QL C:L Q)L

•

Q)lf

(l~U] ~

ne

ICICOnd letter of A8lV is - - - and it u pronouoccd as

Tamil Scrip«

The second letter of ~ 1s

and it

~ in ~ is pronouncc.

Encircle Jb1f and tick

8

20S

, Tllllil Script

Encircle C and tick 6b

.

Encircle C and tick • .

... ... 206

Encircle

afl and tick .fl.

En~

c1RJ and tid &YT in the WQrds:

'

Tamil Sc:npt

Enci.n:Je

&lr and tick &Jr.

Lndicate the sound vaJue of underlined letter: •

LDrT61110 LD&ir

~&T&sr a.•a~u

uair&001 (na] ";f, [nai] ~. [n] ~ [tti]

208

oft, (tW]

Tamil Script

Indicate the sound value of underlined letter.

flruJ ~. (tl L 01 ~. [.laiJ a, flAll ~

IDdicate the sound value of 6i1Tt

afl, Q)QT, &v and

e

in the following

words:

[na] ~. Oi) fai, ijai] ~. [nai) ~. (l}i] 17JT

209

Indicate tiK-

~nd

valuc o I li.Oderl i ned I~n er:l :

.

u.nJ)

.

ll)8fU)

.

.

5af8TlD

The ~ond letter of &afl is _ _ _ and it is pronounced as _ _ __

210

T amiI Sc:ript

The Jeeond Ieuer of the word

&aft is _ _ _ and i I is prooounced as

The third ~tter of the word

c:;!P48f.-t.b

IS

and it

lS

r

pronounced a.s - - -- - -

a[na] ;:r

211

T amiI Script

The second letter of ~arrrQ> 1s _ _ _

and it

IS

pronmmced as

fiiTTT [nAJl=Jl

The fo urth letter of the word

L.DarQfar is _ __

and it is pronouru:ed

..(

•[nj f i

2 12

Tamil Saipt

fill in the blanks with appropriate letters using the cues:

.s

f~l •

LD

IJ)fl'

&ear

u

.

lnaJ ~ llai] ~

aJ

•t3--

on

QT

[1}]

trt

UJ &(]QJ QJJbJjrTQr - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -

-------·

Read the senten ces and wntc them two limes each .

· - - &e8ra.r e>?

~ &air a.rfiir? .6\IQa 5Mra.rfiiT.

~·~"""~~ ---------21S

TlftLII Scripc

f ill in lhe bla.nks. •

+

~

IS

•

+ ~

IS

•

+

~

IS

•

+

~

IS

+

m

IS

, , 5

Q)

.

LD

+

m

IS

+

~

IS

+

4

IS

- --

216

ramd

Fill in the blanks.

8r •

+

{if

1.5

+ ~

IS

•

+

~

15

•

+

!B

IS

•

+

fT

IS

"'

-aJ

Encircle 8r +

4

Qar

and tick fli« +

4

117

in the W{}rds:

Scnpf

Tamil Scripc

Encircle 8r + !B and tick •

+ ~in the words:

LDc!ar ~-tnb

a&.r urr&lr afilitsral~

Encircle •

+

mand tide ar + min the words:

218

111111 it Sen p(

Encircle Ji> +

4

and tick air + ~ in the words:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate letters using the cues: &J)

u:wr

..••

llai l ct Idi I f% lzaj] $

jlai]

ct

l ni J frr

219

l anuJ Scnpi

Fil l in the

bl11.n ~ s

Ill Istj

6

u

- L.O

Ulf

.,..,ith

appropnal~

ktters usmg the cues .

OS

~

ldJti C! jruu J ~

UfJ

u

LD

I r:ut I ITT ! n il~

u

Fill in the blanks with

appropriat~ leHers

lnaJ 41 ~_ _

_

_ _ 0" Ivii

L.O

;fl

Ina] ~

220

usi ng th~ cues:

Tamil Sc:ripe I

The last letter of

•e is - - - and it is pronounced as-- --

@J[DI]~

The 1bird letter of LO~

lS _

__

and it is ~

as

• (h&lp]llf1T

221

..

i

Tamil Script

The f~l letter of ~rrJD51faSl ts _ _ __ and it ts pronounced as

The last lener of ll)Q)6W...Jirafl 1s -

222

-

-

and it 1s pronounced u

T ami! Sa-ipt

Compare the lener for the sound (oJ 3tl with the letter for the sotmd [o]

an.

Write tbem three times each. Your letter should be similar to the one given at the extreme righL

)

5

Read loudly lhc words and write them three times

223

each~

Read

th~

wonh anJ

\~Ti tc

them three tllnd:- c:.ach .

.

~LD

.

~LA)L

fhc mitfa S ~mbo l fo r the \OWel 9 ~&rrar

~~

IlUi 1 -~ . .co I lt1 lk o. ~. ll l ~, i ol 3,;. Lta I /.

I amd Scr

rt

lnd isrru-~ Js ---....., and it is nronouncod as

am, [ka] q;r

· The socond k t1cr of 1 nh

Fill in the blanks with appropriate letters using the cues:

.

QT

[k~)

~

....

[k6]

ern

[ko]

~

~]

q

. LRlL. • LQ)L

.

LUt-

~

~

[pc]

~

_')

274.

TamilSc:tipt

Fill in the blanks with appropriate letters usin& lbe cues:

.

[98]

t7fT

(ro)

~

L~

[au]

3ft

&Aut.b

(caulsau] lllrdt

jamDl

[pau]

lq.

4ltiUr

Lbu

.

~

Fill in the blanks with appropriate letters u.•ing the cues:

ann•

[mau]

1ft

QJtm.b Iyau] ~

•ur Qu

~

14-

(raJ

~

lt]

c

liT [~]

'

rt'

27S

J

unll Scn pt

F111

j

1n

the

j')j anb

.

+

~

IS

+

~

IS

u

+

. "'.

+

i m

+

FF

.

&

.

L

C:a:

1).

IS.

I '•

Fi ll in lh~ hlar\Xs.

+

4

I~

LD

+

~

ISO

fJT

+

AT

+

IS

....

~

+

~

IS

8T

.

•

Q1lT

IS

276

Tami l 8 an e~~:tended curve of the prUine"y consonlll1 L

•

+

tL

JS

5

@)

l.O

+

tL

IS

~

@

w•

+

fl._

IS

· t.&

QR

QT

+

IL

is

8T

~

•

J

+

IL

is

rt

(!!)

L

+

IL

is

L

~

6

•

. .

232

Tamil S11Y pnalc

~

6tfl iP

J8 am

aft

#l'rT

6)

{Orr ~

QQTJT Qt!FfT

lt:nen:

Tamil Script

Fill in the blanks \.\ith appropnate letters. IL

t.i>L.Orr LO~~ ~Q)

_ __

_

SlQ>

Pii)Q).Q)

p§ti\>Q)Q)

Read lhe words and wri te: tht.>m thre-e rimes nch

~ ti61~6\Slu~.,ro- - - ~&Lb

~.,~

'J!J ~r;ft C:51fl.LIT ]47

Tamil Salpt

Read the words and write them three times each.

WITQUrr Ci1Utf'W

a!mQ)

- -- -

Qi)QJ(T1b

•

•

fFQUQJJfiiT

Lndkate the sound value of underlined letters.

• • wa;sw

[jiJ vn,

34&

Ual ut, [ha] e. £aal '~

Indicate the sound value of underlined letters.

C:MlDLh u~ 615l~Lh ~~LbQ)s: [kSe] ii, rbl] ~. [p] ~. [hi]~

Indicate the sound value of underlined letters.

UrTfill6lSit

~Pifb,tr&r ~QlQJ(!).LLD

~vtb [lai] ~. [je] ~. (sn] ""·

349

rba] ~

Tllllll Sc:rtpt

Indicate tbe sound value of underlined le.:tta-s.

Ua] Yf, []ai]

Tbe first letter of neJU\b is _ _ and il is prooounced as _ __

3S()

'*

T11m1 I Script

The last letter of~~ is _ _

and it is pronounced e _ _ _ _

The first letter of n~ is _

and it is pronouoced u _ _ __

_

351

TamJI Script

The seoond letter of df11l6hb-. is _ _ and it is pronounced as

The fourth letter of~ is _ _ and it ia pronowleed as _ _

---Tamil Script

The second letter of~~ is _ _

and it is prooourud as _ _ _

The fourth letter of tDl•1ra1rr ~ is _ _

and it is proooUDCed as

1

...

3S3

1Wnil Saipt

The fourth letter of [email protected] is _ _ and it is proDO\lDCCd

The first letter of ~8i1T i& _ _

11

and it is pronoune#'d as _ _ _• l

tam.iJ Script

The fourtb letter of~ is _

_

and it is pronounced as _

_ _.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate lc:ttcrs using tbc cues.

--·~

(ba]

~

ItT..•

(k:u]

'f

• · ~· tlu. !I

Tamil Sa-lpC

ri ll in the blanks with appropriate letters usi ng the C\Jes.

'

--~"

[ja1 un

_ _u

{si] ffi

- -QJJTUJ

rna 1 ~

Fi ll in the blanks with appropriate letters using the cues. Q)Q)fT

[)11

~

tq..

UOJ

vn

u~

~

Jf)&Jn

[kshai j tl '

lD

[~J

1lf

Js]

~

'

356

TamiJ ·Sc:Opt

FiII m the blanks with appropriate letters.

~

~

4

Q\)

aur ri

Ff

~

QO""D

s

~

~

~-

tliD

~rr

~-

Fil l in the blanks witb appropriate letters. ~

4

9

Q~rr

Ql)

s jW

9

a~

twiT

357

Tamil Sm:pt

Read the following and ob serve the d.Jctionary order of Tamil

• 5 • flJ

~

~

4

5

5IT

~

lflJ

lflJIT

1161

r.s

FF

IL

cl

~ ~ BT

. If

(J

g.n

g)

@;

~

~rr

~

I ~

L

L

Llr

lq..

IL

QM"

~/li6lfl filii

.

. QlR"

..

HI:

~ (!;

iPlT

iPI ~

~

iP BIT

~ IT

~

~

~

~

~

~

aa

Q)5

QIDJ C:r&J

&1161

Qarr Gllilrr

a)i!f

QlffT

")(§

Qerr aerr Qeer

Q)L

QLrr

Q&

G6

C:B=

Qe c:~ GL 5uW u mj. f, ~~u u &5tb u mj. 6l.~Wl.Ju5&LD Qa:Q)Q)rr a;~ j}Jbj,)wrr~ tilb~· ~cWn_rrar

a;ami c!i'*ur&r.

a;LaSla> "~ L8m, ~t61Q) ~JDrr.U L!Sr. ~alw&

~t.bLDrr

C:5L5Qlrrlb. i)Citfla>U.Ju um,tis6Urnb.

LJ]'5lSlQ>

LOrr~

i}tq.MlJDfTfifr.

~~uy ~~Lb.

-

371

Tamil Script

Read the following. Copy rhem two times each in your note book.

. . . c::!PfQJ61T QJ~JTQT. c!PfQJQy fQJGr ~? QJ~6if. QJ®&Jrrar. ~QJat§ITOm? [email protected]~ urnj&5Qlmb. ~ta,h;rmw G;T~rrQJ~J _m~.-~mlL..L~' ~•!PI

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