An Introduction to Riemannian Geometry: With Applications to Mechanics and Relativity (Instructor Solution Manual, Solutions) [1 ed.] 3319086650, 9783319086651

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⇥⇤⌅⇧⌃⇥⌥ ⇧⇥

⌦↵ ⌃ ↵

⇥⇤⌅⇧⌃⌥ ⌃⌦⇧↵ ⇥⇤ ⌅⇧ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌦↵⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌥⌦↵ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧↵ ✓⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓✓✓⇤ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌘⌦◆⇧✓ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⌥⇣ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ ⌃ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘  ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⌫✓⌦⇧ ↵ ⌃✏⌦⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇡⌦ ⇢ ↵ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇡⇣ ⌃⌫⇣ ✓✓⇤ ⌃⇤ ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ↵ ⌫↵⌦ ⇣ ↵⇣ ✓ ✓↵ ✓⌧✓⌃⌥⌥ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣⌥⇣ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ ⌫⇤ ⇥ ! ⇤ ⇥⌅⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣⌥⇣ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ ⇣ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧ " ⌦⌃ ✓⇧ ⌃↵ ⌦ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌥⌃⇧⌦⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃↵↵ ✓⇧ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⌃ ⌅ ✓↵ ⌦ ⇧⇣ ⇣⌥⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ ⌃ ⌅ ↵✓ ⌥⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ ⇧ # ! ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⌫ ⌃$✓⇧ ⇥ ⌃⌃⌃ ⌥ ⇥ ⌥ ⇧ ⌃⇤ ! ⇥ % ⌃⌃⌃ ⇥ % ⌃⌃⌃ ⇥ % ⌃⌃⌃ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ! ⌥ % ⌦ " ⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌦ ↵⌦ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ✏⌃⌥⌥⌦⌘ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ✓✏ ⇣⇢⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ✏ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ ' (⇤ ✏⇤ ↵ ! ⇤ ⇥⌅ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣⌥⇣ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ )⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃↵ ↵ ⌦⇠ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⇠ ⌃ ⌅ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⇧⇣ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇣⌥⌦↵ ⇣ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧ ⇧ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⌫⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ↵⌦ ⇥*⇤ ⌅ ! ⇥ ⇥*⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵ ⇥ ⌃ ⌥ % ⌘⇤ " ⌦ ✏ ⌥✓⇧⌘⌦ !⇥⌥ ⇤ ! ⇥⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣⌥⇣ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ +⇣ ⌦⌃✏ ⇣✓⇧ ⌅ #! ⌥ ⌃⇤ ⇡⌦ ⌃$⌦ ⌦ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ #! ⌥ *⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌥⌃⇧⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇡⇣ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⇧⇣ ⌃ ⌃⌥⌥⌦⌥ ⇣ " ⌦⇧ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌃ ⇧⌦✓ ⌫⇣ ⇣⇣⌘ ⇣ ⌅ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ✓ ↵ ⇣⇢⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣⇧ ✓↵ ⌥⌃⇧⌦ ⌦⇤ " ⌦ ✏⇣⇧⌦ ⇤ #! ⇥ ⌥ ⇤ ⌃ ⌥ % ! ⌃ ⇤ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣⌥⇣ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ ⌅ ⌃ ⇡⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ✏⌃↵⌦⇠ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ↵⌦ ✏ ✓⇧ ⇤⇠ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✓⇧✓⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ✓ ✓⇧⇠ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ↵ ⌫↵⌦ ⇣ " ⌦⇧ ✏ ⇥*⇤ ⇡⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⇣ ⇥ ⇤ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦✓ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ ✓ ✓⇧⇤ , ✏ ⇥*⇤ ✓↵ ⌘✓↵✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘⇠ ⇡ ✓⌥⌦ ⇣ ⇥ ⇤ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ⇥⌅⇤ ⌃ ⌦ ⌫⇣ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ - ⇤ ⇥⌅ ⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ✏ ⌥✓⇧⌘⌦ ✓⇧ ⌘⇤ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⇤ ⇤ ⌦ ⇤

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

.⇤ ⌅ ✓↵ ⌦⌃↵ ⇣ ↵ ⇣⇡ ⌃ ⌦ /⌥⌦✓⇧ ⌫⇣ ⌥⌦ ⇡✓ ⌃ 01 ⇣⌫✓ ↵ ⌫⌃⇧⌘ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ⌦⌘ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌃✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌃ 01 ⇣⌫✓ ↵ ⌫⌃⇧⌘ ↵⌦⌦ +✓ ⌦ ⇥⇤ ✓⇤

⌘

✓

⌘

✓⇤ ⇥⇤⌅⇧⌃ ⌥ /⌥⌦✓⇧ ⌫⇣ ⌥⌦ ⇡✓

2⇤

'⇤

✓⇤

✓

✓

⌅ !

⌘

✓⇤

✓

⌃ 01 ⇣⌫✓ ↵ ⌫⌃⇧⌘ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ⌦⌘

⌃⇤ ⇤ ⇡✓ ⌃ ⌘✓↵$ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ⌦⌘ ✓↵ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌃ ⌘✓↵$ ⌫⇤ ◆ ⇡✓ ⌃ ⌘✓↵$ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ⌦⌘ ✓↵ ⇣ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌦ 01 ⇣⌫✓ ↵ ⌫⌃⇧⌘ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ◆ 3 ◆ ✓↵ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⇡⇣ 01 ⇣⌫✓ ↵ ⌫⌃⇧⌘↵ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⌦ ⌫⇣ ⇧⌘⌃ " ✓↵ ✓↵ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌃↵ ⌃ /⌥⌦✓⇧ ⌫⇣ ⌥⌦ ✏⇤ 4⌦ ⇣ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ↵ ⇡✓ ⌃ ⇣ ↵ ✓↵ ⌦5 ✓⌧⌃⌥⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ✓⇧ ⇧✏ ⌘✓↵$↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ✓⇧ ⌦✓ ⌫⇣ ⇧⌘⌃ ✓⌦↵ ⇡✓ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⌦⇧ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ 4⌦ ⇣ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ↵ ⇡✓ ⌃ /⌥⌦✓⇧ ⌫⇣ ⌥⌦ ✓↵ ⌦5 ✓⌧⌃⌥⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ✓⇧ ⇡⇣ ⌘✓↵$↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ✓⇧ ⌦✓ ⌫⇣ ⇧⌘⌃ ✓⌦↵ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⇣↵✓ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⌦⇧ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌅⇧ ⌦ ✏⌃↵⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ ⇢⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦ ⌥⌃⇧⌦⇠ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⌦⇧ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⌫⇣ ⇧⌘⌃ ⇣ ⌃ ⌘✓↵$ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⌦⌧⌦ ↵⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ✓ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⌃ 01 ⇣⌫✓ ↵ ⌫⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⇣⇢⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦ ⌥⌃⇧⌦ ⌃⇤ ⌅ ⌦ ⇧⌦⇡ ⌧⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⇣⇧ ⌃ ⌃✏⌦⇠ ⌦⇧ ✓ ↵ ⌫⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦⌦ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃✏⌦ ⌅⇧ ⌘⇣✓⇧ ✓↵⇠ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⌃↵ ✓⇧✏ ⌦⌃↵⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇥⇠ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵ ⌃↵ ✓⇧✏ ⌦⌃↵⌦⌘ ⌫ . ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⌃↵ ✓⇧✏ ⌦⌃↵⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃↵ ⇣⇧⌦ ⌃✏⌦ ⌃↵ ⌫⌦⌦⇧ ⌘✓⌧✓⌘⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦⌦ ⌃✏⌦↵⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌥  % ⌃↵ ✏ ⌃⇧ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇥ ⌥ . % ! * ⌅ ⌦ ⇧⌦⇡ ⌧⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⇣⇧ ⌃⇧ ⌦⌘ ⌦⇠ ⌦⇧ ✓ ↵ ⌫⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ⇣ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⇣ ⇣↵✓ ⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ⌦⌘ ⌦ ⌅⇧ ⌘⇣✓⇧ ✓↵⇠ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⌃↵ ✓⇧✏ ⌦⌃↵⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇥⇠ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵ ⌃↵ ✓⇧✏ ⌦⌃↵⌦⌘ ⌫ . ⌃↵ ⇡⇣ ⇧⌦⇡ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌫⌦⌦⇧ ✏ ⌦⌃ ⌦⌘ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣⇧⌦ ⌦⌘ ⌦ ⌃↵ ⌫⌦⌦⇧ ⌘✓⌧✓⌘⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⇡⇣⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⌃↵ ✓⇧✏ ⌦⌃↵⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃↵ ⇡⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌫⌦⌦⇧ ⌘✓⌧✓⌘⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵⇤ 6 ⌃✓⇧⇠ ⌥  % ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ✏ ⌃⇧ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦⌘ ⇣⇧⇠ ⇣⇧⌦ ⌫⇤ +⇣ ⌦ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⇤ ⌘⌦ ⌦ ✓⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃↵ ! 2⇠  ! 7 ⌃⇧⌘ ! 2⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇤ ⇤ ! 2 ⌥ 7 % 2 ! ✏⇤ 6 ⌘⌦✏⇣ ⇣↵✓ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌫ ✓⇧ ⇣ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦↵ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃⌘⌘✓⇧ ⌃ ⌘✓⌃ ⇣⇧⌃⌥ ⇣ ⌦ ↵5 ⌃ ⌦ ⇡ ⇣↵⌦ ↵✓⌘⌦↵ ⌃ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓◆⌦⌘ " ✓↵ ✓↵ ⇧⇣

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇤

⇥

⌦ ⌃✏ ⌥ ⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⌫⌦✏⌃ ↵⌦ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦↵ ✏⇣⇧↵✓↵ ↵ ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌦⌦ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵⇤⇠ ⌫ ✓ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇧⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⇣⇧⌦ ⌫ ⌃⌘⌘✓⇧ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣⇠ ⌫ ⌃⇤⇠ ✓ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ↵⌦⌘ ⇣ ✏⇣ ⌦ ⌦ & ⌥⌦ ✏ ⌃ ⌃✏ ⌦ ✓↵ ✓✏ 6⌥⌥⇣⇡✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓◆✏⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ! ⇥⇠  ! .⇠ ! ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⌫ ⇤ ! ⇥ ⌥ . % ! * ⌘⇤ 8⌃ ⌦ ⌃↵ ⇣ ⌫ ⌦⇤ 8⌃ ⌦ ⌃↵ ⇣ ⌫ ⇠ ⌦ ✏⌦ ⌃ ⇧⇣⇡ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓◆✏⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ✓⌦⌥⌘ ! ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ◆ ⇤! ⌥.% !⇥ ⇤ 9⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵ :⌦⌥⌦ ✓⇧ ⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ⇣⇧ ⌦⌃✏ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ✓⇧ ⌦✓ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵ ✓⌦⌥⌘↵ ⇥ 3↵ ⇡✓ ⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ 8✓⇧✏⌦ . ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓◆⌦⌘⇠ ⌦ ⇣ ⌃⌥ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⇣⌦↵ ⌘⇣⇡⇧ ⌫ .⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ ⌃⌥ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵ " ⌦ ⇣ ⌃⌥ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⇣⌦↵ ⌘⇣⇡⇧ ⌫ ⇡⇣⇠ ✏⇣ ⌦↵ ⇣⇧⌘✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⇡ ✓✏ ⇡⌦ ⌦ ⌘⌦⌥⌦ ⌦⌘ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⇥ 3↵ ⇤ ! ⇥ ⇤ % ↵ ⇤ ⌥ ⌃⌦⇧↵

⇣

⇥⇤ 6↵↵ ✓⇧ ↵⇤ ⌦5 ✓⌧⌃⌥⌦⇧ ⇣ ↵ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ⌃ ⌥⌃↵⌦↵ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦ ↵ ✏ ⌦ ↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ↵⇤ ↵ ↵ !

 ⇤⌃

' ⇤⌃ 6

 ⇤⌃ 3" 6  ⇤⌃ 6

⇤

⌥⌦⌃⇧

!*

! 6 ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ !

⌃⌦⇧↵ ⇥⇤ ⌃⇤ ⌅ 9⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ 9 ⌃ ⌦ =✓⌦ ⇣ ↵ ⌦⇧ 9⇤ ⌦ 9 ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⇣⇣ ⇣⌥⌘ ⇡✓ ⌦ ↵ ⌃⇧⌘⌃ ⌘ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦ ↵ ✏ ⌦ ⇣⇧ ⌦ 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ↵ 9⇤ ⌦ 9⇤ ⇧ 9⇤

9 ⌦9 ⇧9

#⇤ *⇤ ⇤ ⌫⇧ #⇤ *⇤

# * ⇤ ⌫⇧ # *

⌃⇧⌘ 9⇤ ⇧ 9⇤ #⇤ ⌫⇧

9 ⇧9

#⇤⇥⇤

# ⌫⇧ #⇥⇤

⌃ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦⇠ ↵⇣ ⌃ ⌦

⌦

⇣

!6

⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵

9⇤ ⌦ 9 ⇤ ⌦ 9⇤ ⌦ 9 ⇤ ⇧ 9⇤ ⌦ 9 ⇤

#⇤ # ⇤ *⇤ * ⇤⇤ ⌫⇧ #⇤ *⇤ # * ⇤

⌃⇧⌘ 9⇤ ⌦ 9 ⇤ ⇧ 9⇤ ⌦ 9 ⇤ #⇤ # ⇤ ⌫⇧ #⇤⇥⇤ #⇥⇤ ⇤

⌃⇧✓ ⇣⌘ ✏

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇤

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

⌫⇤ "⌃$⌦ ⇤ ⇤ #! ⇥⌃ ⇥ ⌃ ⌃⌃⌃ ! ⇥⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌧ #⇥⌅ ! ⇧ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌧ ⌃⇤ ! ⌧ ⌥ ⇤ ! ⌥ % ! ⌃⌃⌃ " ✓↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓ ↵ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⇣✓⇧ ⌃⌫ ✏! * ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⇢⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌅⇧ ⌃ ✓✏ ⌥⌃ ⇠ ⇥ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌥⌃ ⌧⌃⌥ ⌦ ⇣ ⌧ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇤ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⌫ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ ⇣ ⇥ ⌅ ⇣ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧ ⇥ 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ✓ ✓↵ ! ⌃⌥↵⇣ ⌃ =✓⌦ ⇣ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⌥ ✓ ⌥✓✏⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓⇧⌧⌦ ↵✓⇣⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦↵ ✓✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦⇤ ⌃ ↵ ⇣⇧ ⇥ ⇣ ⇤ ⇤ ⌃ ↵ ⌫ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌧⌃⌥ ⌦↵ ⇣⇧ ⇤ ⇤ ✏ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ ' @ '⇤ +⇣ ⌃⇤ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ↵ ⌫⇥ ⌅ ! ⇤ ⇤ ⌦ ⌘ ⌘ ⌘ ⌦ ⇤ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣ ⌃ =✓⌦ ⇣ ⇥ ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⇣⇣ ⌃⇤ )⌦ ⌃⌥ ⌦⌃⌘ $⇧⇣⇡ ⌃ ⌃⇧✓⇣⌥⌘ 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇥

⌦

⇥

⇧

⇥

⇥

⌃⇧⌘

⌥ ⇤ ⌫⇧ ⌥ %

⇧

⇥

⌥ ⌫⇧ ⌥⌥

⇥ %⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ =✓⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦ ⌃ ↵⇠ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⇣ ⌅ ↵ =✓⌦ ⌃⌥ ⌦⌫ ⌃ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ =✓⌦ ⇥ ⇤ ! ⌫⌫ ⇥ ⌅ ! ⇥ " ⌦ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ✏⇣ ⌦↵ ⇣⇧⌘✓⇧ ⇣ , =✓⌦ ⇥ ⇤ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

5⌥$ ! ⇢3⌥ ⇤⌫ , ! ✓⌘ , ! , 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ A, .B ! * ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ , . =✓⌦ ⇥ ⇤ " ⌦ M⇣⇡ ⇣ 5 $ ✓↵ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘  ⇣ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇢  ⇤ ! 5 $ ⌃ ◆⌧ ! , ⇢! ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌃  ⇤ ! % ,! 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣⇧⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌥ ⌃ ⌦ # =✓⌦ ⇥ ⇤ ⌅ ! ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⇠ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⌦

,⇤ !

⇤

*⇤ ! ,

✓↵ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃ ⌫⇤ " ⌦ =✓⌦ ⌫ ⌃✏$⌦ A⌘ ⌘B ✓↵ ⌘⌦ ⌦ ✓⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ✓↵⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ( 9⇤ ⇣ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥⇠ ⌦ =✓⌦ ⌃⌥ ⌦⌫ ⌃ ⇣ 9 ⌅⇧ ⌃ ✓✏ ⌥⌃ ⇠ A ✏ B #! A5 ) 5 ⌧ B* ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ 5 ) ⌃⇧⌘ 5 ⌧ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘↵ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⌦↵ ⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦⌥ ⌫ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏ ✓ ⌦ 5 ) #! ⇢3 ⇤* ⌃⇧⌘ 5 ⌧ #! ⇢3 ⇤* ✏ ⇤ =⌦ ) ⌧ ⌦ ⌥⇣⌫⌃⌥⌥ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘⇤ M⇣⇡↵ ⇣ 5 ) ⌃⇧⌘ 5 ⌧  ⌃⇧⌘  ⌫⌦ ) " ⌦⇧⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦  ! $ ↵ *⌧ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌧ ! $ *⌧ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ✏ ) ⌧  & ⇤ #⇤ ! $ ⌃↵ *⌧ $ *⌧ #⇤ ⇤ ⇢> ⌫

:⇤

)⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⇤ ! * " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ : ↵ ⇥ ⇤ ! * ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ 4;* ⇤ )⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌧ ! : ⌦⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ # ! : ⌦ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌧ : ! ⌦:⇧ : : ⌃⇧⌘ # : ! ⌦: : : C⇣⇡ ⌦:⇧ ! ⌦: ⇠ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌫⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌦ ↵⌦ : : : ⌃ ⇣ " 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⌧ ! #



⌅⇧⌃⌥

(⇤

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

⇤ " ⌦ ⌃ : # ⌦ ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ : ! ⌥⇤ ! ⇥⌥!⇤⌥ ✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃ ⌧ ⌥⇤ ! : * ⌥⇤ ! ⌥ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃ # ⌥⇤ ! : ⇥ ⌥⇤ ! * ⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇥ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✏ ✓⌫⌥⌦⇠ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃ ✓⌘ # ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ✓↵ ↵ ⇣⇣ ⌥ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃ # # ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ✓⌘: ! #: L↵✓⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵⇠ ✓ ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌘✓⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ✏ ⌦✏$ ⌃ ✓ B S↵ ⇥ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ 4 ⇣ ⇡✓ 4 ; * ⌦⇧ #⌃ B ! *⇠ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌃ #: # : ↵ ⇥ ⇤ ⇧ : ↵ ⇥ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦ D⌦ ⇣ ⌃ , : : # ! ✓⌘ ✓↵ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃ ⇣⇧ : ↵ ⇥ ⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇡⌦ ↵ ↵ ⌃⌧⌦ : ⇥ ⇤ ! * ⌃⇤ )⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇢ ⌃ ⌃ B⇤ " B ⇤⇤ !  B⇤ ⇤ "  B ⇤⇤ ⇢! ⌥⌃⌃⇧ ⌥⌃⌃⇧ ⇥ ⇥ ⇢ ⇢ ⌃ ⌃ ! " B % B⇤ "  B⇤ ⇤  B ⇤ ⇢! ⇢! ⌥⌃⌃⇧ ⌥⌃⌃⇧ ! 3" B ⇤ ⇤ " B % B ⇤ " 3" B ⇤

3" B ⇤ " B ⇤ !

⇢ ⇢!



⌃

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ↵⌦⌘ ⌦⌃ ⇤ ⌫⇤ 8✓ ✓⌥⌃ ⌥ ⇠ 3" ⇢B⇤ !

⇢ ⇢!

!⇢



⌃

⇢ ⇢!

⌦ ⌃✏

⌃

⌦ ⇡⌦⌘ ⌦

⇣⌘ ✏ ✓↵ ⌫✓⌥✓⇧

⇢ ! ⇢  ⌃ B⇤⇤ ⇢! ⌥⌃⌃⇧ ⌥⌃⌃⇧ ⇥ ⌃ ! ⇢ 3" B⇤  B⇤

⇢B⇤⇤

⌥⌃⌃⇧

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ↵⌦⌘ ⌦ ⌃✏ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ✓⇣ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ✓↵ ⌥✓⇧⌦⌃ ⇤ ✏⇤ )⌦ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ⇣⌧⌦ ✓↵ ⇣ ⌥⌃ ⌫ ✓⇧⌘ ✏ ✓⇣⇧ )⌦ ↵ ⌃ ⇡✓ ⌦ ⌫ ✏⌃↵⌦ ⇡ ⌦⇧ B ! ⌧ ⇢# ⇣ ↵ ⇣⇣  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌧ # S ⇥ ⇤ ⌅⇧ ✓↵ ✏⌃↵⌦ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ↵⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✓⌦↵ ⇣⌧⌦⌘ ⌃⌫⇣⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ 3" B ! 3" ⌧ ⇤⇢# % ⌧ ⇢ 3" #⇤ ! 5 ⌘ ⌧ ⇤⇢# % ⌧ ⇢ 5 ⌘ #⇤ ?⇧

⌦⇣ ⌦

⌃⇧⌘⇠

K 5⇤⇢B % ⇢ K 5⇤B⇤ ! K 5⇤ ⇢⌧ " ⇢#⇤ % ⇢ ⌧ 5 ⌘ #⇤⇤

! K 5⇤ ⇢⌧ ! ⇢# ⌥ ⇢# ! ⇢⌧ ⇤ % 5 ⌘ #⇤⇢⌧ % ⌧ ⇢ 5 ⌘ #⇤

! 5 ⌘ ⌧ ⇤⇢# ⌥ 5 ⌘ #⇤⇢⌧ % 5 ⌘ #⇤⇢⌧ % ⌧ ⇢ 5 ⌘ #⇤ ! 3" B

C⌦ ⇡⌦ ⇣⌧⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⌦ 9⌃ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌥⌃ ⇣⌥⌘↵ ⇣ B ⌃⇧⌘ @ ⌦⇧ ✓ ⇣⌥⌘↵ ⇣ B " @ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥⌥ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃$✓⇧ ⇡⌦⌘ ⌦ ⇣⌘ ✏ ↵ ⇣ ⇥ ⇣ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⌧ ⇢#⇠ ✓↵ ⇡✓⌥⌥

✏⇣⌘ ↵

✏⇣

⌥⌦ ⌦

⌦

⇥

⇣⇣ ⌅ B ✓↵ ⌃ 4 ⇣

⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

K 5⇤⇢ B " @⇤ % ⇢ K 5⇤ B " @⇤⇤

! K 5⇤ ⇢B " @ % ⌥⇥⇤↵ B " ⇢@⇤ % ⇢ K 5⇤B⇤ " @ % ⌥⇥⇤↵ B " K 5⇤@⇤⇤

! K 5⇤⇢B⇤ " @ % ⌥⇥⇤↵◆⇤ ⇢B " K 5⇤@⇤ % ⌥⇥⇤↵ K 5⇤B⇤ " ⇢@ % B " K 5⇤⇢@⇤

% ⇢ K 5⇤B⇤ " @ % ⌥⇥⇤↵⇥⇤ K 5⇤B⇤ " ⇢@ % ⌥⇥⇤↵ ⇢B " K 5⇤@⇤ % B " ⇢ K 5⇤@⇤ ! K 5⇤⇢B⇤ " @ % B " K 5⇤⇢@⇤ % ⇢ K 5⇤B⇤ " @ % B " ⇢ K 5⇤@⇤ ! 3" B⇤ " @ % B " 3" @⇤ ! 3" B " @⇤

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ↵⌦⌘ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ ⇥ ⇥' >⇤ ⌘⇤ )⌦ ⌫⌦ ✓⇧ ⌫ ⇧⇣ ✓✏✓⇧ ⌃ 

⌃

K 6 ⇤B⇤⇤⇤ ,⇤

!B

⌃

!B

⌃

!



⇤⌧

⇤⌧ ⌃

6

⌃

⇤⌧

⇢  ⇤⇤ ,⇤

⇢  ⇤⇤ ⇢

B⇤⇤ ⇢

,↵ ⇤ ! K 6 ⇤B⇤

⇥ ⇤

⇥ ⇤ ⌃

⌃

⇤⌧ 6

⇤⌧

⌃

⇢  ⇤⇤ ,⇤

⇢  ⇤⇤ ,↵ ⇤

⇢  ⇤⇤ ,↵ ⇤ ⇤⌧ 6 ⌃

⇤⌧

⌃

⇤⌧

⇢  ⇤⇤ ,⇤

,⇤

⇢  ⇤⇤ ,↵ ⇤

,↵ ⇤

✓⌦ 

"⌃$✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃✏ ⌦↵ ⌥ ⌃⌦⇧↵ ⇥⇤

⌃

K 6 ⇤B⇤ ! K

⇥ ⇤⌃ 6

⇤



⌃

B⇤

⌦ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ⇡✓ ⌦↵ ⌦✏ ⇣ ! ⌃ ! ! * ⌃⇧⌘ ↵✓⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✏ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌫✓⌥✓⇧⌦⌃ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ✓⌦⌥⌘↵ ⌦

✓ ⌃⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇥ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵ ⌦ ↵⌦✏⇣⇧⌘ ✏⇣ ⇧ ⌃⌫✓⌥✓ ⌃ ✓⇣ ⇠ ⌃⇧ ⌃ ⌥⌃↵ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✓⇧↵ ⌃ ✏⇣ ⇧ ⌃⌫⌥⌦ ↵ ⌫⌃ ⌥⌃↵ ✓ ⌦ ⌃ ✏⇣ ⇧ ⌃⌫⌥⌦ ↵ ⌫⌃ ✓⌥ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ↵ ✓⌥⌥ ⌃⇧ ⌃ ⌥⌃↵ ⇣ ⇥ ⇤ 6↵↵ ⌦ ⌃ ⇧⇥⇤ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ✓⇧ ⌃⇧ ⇥ ↵ ⇤ ⌃↵ D⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ⌫✓ ⌃ ⌃ ⌥⌃↵ ↵ ! ⇥ ⇣⇥ ⇧⇥ ⇤⇤ ⇡ ✓✏ ⇡⌦ ⌃↵↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌫⌦ ✏⇣ ⇧ ⌃⌫⌥⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⇤ =⌦ ↵⇤ ! ⇥ ⇣ ⇧ ⇤⇤ ⌫⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⌃⌥ ⌃ ⌥⌃↵ " ⌦⇧ ↵ ⇧⇥⇤ ↵ ⇤ ! ⇧⇥⇤ ⇧⇥ ⇤ ⇧⇥⇤ ⇥ ↵ ⇤⇤ ⇥

⌃↵ D⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ ✓ ✓↵ ⌃ ✏⇣ ⇧ ⌃⌫⌥⌦ ⇧✓⇣⇧ ⇣ D⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ↵⌦ ↵ ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘⇠ ⌦⌃✏ ↵⌦ ⇧⇥⇤ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ⌫ ⇣ ⌦↵✓↵⇠ ⇥ ↵ ⇤ ⌃↵ D⌦ ⇣ ⇥⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌘✓;⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ ↵ ↵ ✏ ⌃↵ ⇧ ⇧⇥ ⇤ ✏⌃ D⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ↵⌦ ↵ ⇣ D⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ↵⌦ ↵ ⌫⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ↵ B ✏ ✓↵ ✏⇣ ⌃✏ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ✏⇣⌧⌦ ✓ ⇡✓ ⌃ ◆⇧✓ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇧⌦ # ⇣⌦ ⇧ ⇥ " ⌦ ◆⇧✓ ⌦ ⌃ ✓⌥ ⇥✏ ⇧⌦ ⇣⌦ ⇤ ⇥ ↵ B⇤ ✓↵ ⌦⇧ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ✏⇣⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇥ ⌅ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ⌘✓G✏ ⌥ ⇣ ↵ ⇣⇡ ⌃ ✓ ✓↵ ⇣↵↵✓⌫⌥⌦ ⇣ ✏⇣⇧↵ ✏ ⌃ ↵⌦5 ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ✓ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⇧✓ ⇥L⇥ L⌦⇧⇥ L⇤⇥ ⇤⇥⇤⌅ ↵ ⌫⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦⌘ ⇣ ✓↵ ✏⇣⌧⌦

✓

⌅⇧⌃⌥

↵ ✏

⌃ ⌥✓

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

L⇥ ! ⌧ ⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇠ ⇥ ✓ ⌅ ✏ ⌅⇤ ! * ✓ ⌅ ✏ ✏

⇥↵◆

⌧

⌃⇧⌘ ✏ ⇣⇣↵✓⇧ (;*↵ ✏ ⌃ ⌃ & ⌃ E -⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇥ ✏ ( (⌥⇥ >✏ >%! ! $ >%! $ > % !⇤ ! $ $ ( ( ( >✏ >✏ ! ⌘⌘⌘ ! $ ⌘⌘⌘ $ $ !⇤ ! $ >⇤ $ !⇤ ( ( ✏⇤ =⌦ , ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ $ # ' ⇧ 9 ↵ ✏ ⌃ =⌦ 5 ⌫⌦ ⌃ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ↵ ✏ ⌃ $ *⇤ ! 8 5* ! , " ⌦⇧⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ $ > % !⇤ ! $ >⇤ $ !⇤⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇢ ⇢ $ > % !⇤⌥⌃⌃⇧ ! $ >⇤ ⇢! ⇢! ! ⇢3✏ &⌧ ⇤✏ ⌫⌧ I$ *⇤ ! ⇢3✏

I$ >⇤ !

!⇤⇤⌥⌃⌃⇧

$

&⌧ ⇤* ,

! 5✏

&⌧

)⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ $ ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃⌥ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇣ 5 ⇡✓ $ *⇤ ! 8 ?⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ 3 ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ✓↵⇣ ⌦ ⇠ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⇣ 9 ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌫ ⌥⌦ ⌃⇧↵⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⇣ 8 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ 3

$⇤

*⇤ ! #

$

*⇤ ! #

⌃⇧⌘ ⇢ 3 $ ⇤ !⇤⌥⌃⌃⇧ ! ⇢3 ⇤* I$ *⇤ ! ⇢3 ⇤* , ! 5 ⇢! ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⌃ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃⌥ ✏ ⌧⌦↵ ⇣ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓ ⌃⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘↵ +✓⇧⌃⌥⌥ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌦

*

,⇤ !

$

⇥⇤ ! ⌦

,⇤

⌘⇤ =⌦ 5 ⌫⌦ ⌃ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘ " ⌦⇧ &" 5 ! * ↵✓⇧✏⌦ ✓ ↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃⌥ ✏ ⌧⌦↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⇤

$⌦ # ⌦ !

⇤

⇥ 

✓

⇢⇠

⌦ ✓↵ ⌦5 ⌃⌥ ⇣ ⇥ 

$⌦⌦ !

⌥ ⇥⇤M !

⌦ ⇤

⌦ ⇤

⌥ ⇥⇤M

⌃⇤ +✓ ↵ ⇡⌦ ⇧⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⇣ ⌦↵ ⇣⇧⌘✓⇧ =⌦⌧✓ 9✓⌧✓ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧↵⇠ &⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ & ⇠ ✏⇣✓⇧✏✓⌘⌦ ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘⇠ ⌫ ⌦ /⇣↵D ⌥ ⇣ ⌥⌃⇠ &⇤" 6 7

⇤

⌥ A5 7B 6

!5⌘ 6 7 ⇤

⇤

%6 ⌘ 5 7

⌥ A6 7B 5

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ L &⇤" 6 7 5 6 7 ⇥ ⇤⇠ ✓

⇤

⇤

% A5 6 B 7

⇤

⇤

! L &" 6 7

! L &" 6 7 ⇣ ⌦⌧⌦ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘↵ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌃ &⇤" 6 ! &" 6 ⇤

⇥ 5 * ✓↵ ⌃ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦↵⇠ ⇡✓ ⌃↵↵⇣✏✓⌃ ⌦⌘ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇣ ⌘ ⌃⌥ ✏⇣  ⌃ ⌦↵ ⇥B ⇤ B ⇤ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ B ⇤ #! ⇢> ⌃⇧⌘ B #! *⇢/ 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ⇤ #! 5⇤

⇢B ⇤ ! *

⌃⇧⌘  #!

⌃⇧⌘ ⇢B ! *⌅ ⇢> " ⇢/ !

*⌅ ⇤ B "B *

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣

⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣

✓

⇤⌫⇤

B⇤ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

B⇤ ! ⇢B ⇤ ⇤  ⇤B ⇤ % ⇢B ⇤  ⇤B !

*⌅ B ! *⌅ ⇢/ *

%⇠ ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⇠ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ✓ ⌥✓⌦↵ # >⇤ ! ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇡ ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦✓ ⌦ ⌃ ⌥⌃⇧⌦⇠ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ✏ ⌥✓⇧⌘⌦ '⇤ L↵✓⇧ ⌦ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⇣⇧ ⇥ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇣  ⌃ ⌦↵ ⇥5⇤ 5 ⇤ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ 5⇤ #!

+ +=

⌃⇧⌘

5 #!

+ +,

" ⌦⇧ 5⇤ 5⇤ ! ⇥

5⇤ 5

! * ⌃⇧⌘

5 5

!⇥%=

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇥⇤  ⇤⇠ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

⇥ 5  #! $ ⇥%= ✓↵ ⌃ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦↵⇠ ⇡✓ ⌃↵↵⇣✏✓⌃ ⌦⌘ $ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇣ ⌘ ⌃⌥ ✏⇣  ⌃ ⌦↵ ⇥B ⇤ B ⇤ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ B ⇤ #! ⇢= ⌃⇧⌘ B #! ⇥ % = ⇢, 0⇣ ⌦ ⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ = = B⇤ " B ⇢= " ⇢, ! ⇢B ⇤ ! * ⌃⇧⌘ ⇢B ! $ ⇥%= ⇥%= ⇤ #! 5⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣

⌃⇧⌘

⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣

B⇤ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

B⇤ ! ⇢B ⇤ ⇤  ⇤B ⇤ %⇢B ⇤  ⇤B !

= = B !$ ⇢, ⇥%= ⇥%=

⇤ ⌃⇤ )⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃↵↵ ⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⌃ ⌦ ✏✓ ✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ ✏⌦⇧ ⌦ ⌦⌘ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ✓ ✓⇧ ⌅ ⌦ ✏✓ ✏⌥⌦ ⌃↵ ⌃⌘✓ ↵ $ ; * ⌦⇧ ✓ ↵ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⌫ ⌦ ⌃ ✏⌥⌦⇧ ✓↵ ✏ > > ✏✏ >⇤ ! $ ✏⇣↵ $ ↵✓⇧ $ $ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌃ ⇣↵✓ ✓⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⇡✓ ⇤ ! I ✓↵ > ✏✏ >✏ ✏⇣↵ ⇤ >⇤ ! I >⇤ ! ⌥ ↵✓⇧ $ $ ✏ ✏✏ > >  >⇤ ! ⌥ ✏⇣↵ ⌥ ↵✓⇧ $ $ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⇥ >✏ ⇥ >✏ ⇥ ⇥ ⌥ ↵✓⇧ !  &C ⇤ ! 1 ! ⌥ ✏⇣↵ $ $ $ $ $ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ✏ ⌫⇤ 6 ⌃✓⇧ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃↵↵ ✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ ✏⌦⇧ ⌦ ⌦⌘ ⌃ / ⇧⇤⇠ ⇡⌦ ↵⌦⌦ ⌃ /⌫ * "⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓ ↵

⌧⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ✓↵ ✏✓ ✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ 4 ! D⇤ ⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⌃ ⌦ ✏✓ ⌦ ⇧⇣ ⇣⌥⌦ L↵✓⇧ ↵ ⌦ ✓✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌦ ✏✓ ✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ / ! /⌫ ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ⇧✓ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ✓↵

⇡ ! 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ✓ ✓↵ ⌦⌃↵

⇥ + ↵✓⇧ /⌫ +⇧

⇣ ✏ ⌦✏$  ⇣

& ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ .

⌃

+ &C ⇡ ! B⇡⇠ ⇡ ⇤⇠ ! ⌥ ✏⇣ /⌫ +/ 4 3 ✓ ⇣ ⌃ ⇣↵✓ ✓⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇡ ⌥ ✓⇠ ✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✏✓ ✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ 4 ! ✏⇣ /⌫

✏⇣⌘ ↵

✓

⇤⌫

@⇤ 9⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ✓⇧ ⇡⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘↵ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦↵ ⇥⇤  ⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥ " ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ! I⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇣↵✓ ✓⌧⌦⌥ ⇣ ✓⌦⇧ ⌦⌘ ↵ ✏ ⌃ ⇤ ! " ⇢/ >⇤ ! ⇢/ I >⇤⇤ ! B ⇤ I >⇤⇤ ⌥ B⇤ I >⇤⇤ ! B⇤ ⇢> ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ↵⌦⌘ ⌦ ⌃✏ ⌃

⇤⇤

⇤

⇤

! 4 >⇤

&✏% ⇤ ! *  B⇤ I >⇤⇤ ! * ⌃⌦⇧↵

⌘

⇥⇤ 9⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ⌘ ⌘  ✓↵ ⌫✓⌥✓⇧⌦⌃ ⇠ ↵ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵ , , ⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ , ,  ! * ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣⇧⌥ ✓



* 0⇣ ⌦

⇥ ⌥ !⇤⇣,⇣⌫ % !⇣,⇣⇤ ! * ⌃ ✓↵⇠ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣⇧⌥ ✓ ⇣,⇣⌫ ! ⇣,⇣⇤ ! *⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ , ! * "⇣ ↵⌦⌦ ⌃  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ '⇤ !⇤ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⇣↵✓ ✓⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣  ⌃ ⌦ ⇥ ⇤⇧ ⇤ ⇡✓ ⌦↵ ⌦✏ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌘ ⌘ ↵ ✏ ⌃ ⇧ ⇤⇧

!

⌦ ⌃⌥

5 ⇣5⇣

" ⌦⇧ B ⇤ ⇤ #! ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵ ⇡✓ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵⌥ ⇡✓

⇣5⇣ ⇤ B ⇤⇤ ⇣5⇣⇤

⌦↵ ⌦✏ ⇣ ! 8✓⇧✏⌦ !⇠ ↵⇣ ⌘⇣⌦↵

B ⇤ ⇤ ! ⇢ B ⇤ ⇤

⇤⇧

⇧ ⇤

⇧ ⇠

⇢ B ⇤ ⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇢ B ⇤ ✏ ⌃⇧ ⌦

B ⇤ ⇤ % ⇢ B ⇤

⇤⇧

⇧ ⇤

B ⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ '⇤ !⇤ ⇤ ⌃⇤ =⌦ " # ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⌫⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⌦⇧ ⌃⌫⌥⌦ ⌘⇣ ⌫⌥⌦ ✏⇣⌧⌦ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⇥ )⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ✏ ⇣⇣↵⌦ ⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⇥ ↵ ✏ ⌃ ⌦⌃✏ ⇣ ✓ ↵ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦↵ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ↵⌦ ↵ ✏ ⌃ " ⇥⇤ ⇤ ! ✏⇤ ✏ ⇡✓ ✏⇤ ✏ ! ⇤ " ✓↵ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⌥✓ ↵ ⇣ ⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡✓✏⌦ ⌦ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⌃✏⌦↵⇠ ⌦⌘ ⌦↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ ⇥ ⇡✓ ⇣ ✓ ✓⇧⌃⌥ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⇥ ⇤ ⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧✏✓ ⌃⌥ ⌘✓ ⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⌦ ⇤✏ &⌧ ⌦✓ ⌦⇧⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ⇣ ⇤⇥⇢⌥ ⇤ " ⌦⇧ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⇥ ⇤ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⇤ ✏% &⌧ I >⇤⇣ ! ⇣2 I >⇤ I >⇤⇤ ⌥ &✏% &⌧ I >⇤⇣ 4 >⇤ ! ⇣& ! ⇣2 I >⇤ I >⇤⇤⇣ ! ⌃ ⇤⇥⇢⌥

! ⌃ ⇤⇥⇢⌥

(⇤

⌦ ⇤✏

&⌧ ⇤

⌃⇤ 6 ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⇧# ⇧ ⇥ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⇧ = ,⇤ !

= ,

⌦ ⇤✏

&⌧

⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ⇧✓ ⇣ ✓↵

I >⇤⇤ I >⇤ ⌃ ⌃ ! ⌃D⌦ ⌃

⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌫⇣⌥⇣✓⌘ ✓↵⇠ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦⇠ ⇥

⇣ ↵⇤ V⇤ !

⇥ = %, ⇤

⌦

⌃

✏⇣⌘ ↵

✓

⇤ ⇤

" ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌫⇣⌥⇣✓⌘ ⌃ ⇧ = ,⇤ ✓↵ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦⌘ ⌫ +⇧ +⇧ ! ⇥ * =⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ! * ⇥ ,⇤ += +, ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ✓↵ +⇧ +⇧ ⌦ ! ⌥= ⌥, ⇥⇤ += +, 6 ⇣↵↵✓⌫⌥⌦ ✏ ⇣✓✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ = , ⌥⇥⇤ # = ,⇤ ! $ ⇥%= %, C⇣ ✓✏⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ✓ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌫⇣⌥⇣✓⌘ ⌫ ✓↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⇣ ⌦ ⇧ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⇤ ⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃ ⌃✓⇧ ↵⌦ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ◆ ↵ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⇥ ⌃↵ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌅⇧ ⌦↵⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵⇠ ⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ↵✓ ⌥ ⇡ ✓ ⌦⇧ = ,⇤ #E = ,⇤ ! $ ⇥%= %, ⌃⇧⌘ ✓ ↵ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ K⌃✏⇣⌫✓⌃⇧ ⌃ ✓ ◆ ⇥ ⇥ ⇥ % , ⇤ ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ ⌥=, ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ ⇢E #! ⇥ ⇥ ⇥ % = ⇤ ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ ⌥=, ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ )⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦

⌃

⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ✏ ⌧⌃

⌦ ⇣

⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌫⇣⌥⇣✓⌘ ✓↵

M ! ⌘⌦ ⇢#⇤ ! ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌫⇤ 6 ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ↵⌃⌘⌘⌥⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓↵⇠ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦⇠ ⌃ ⇧# ⇧ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

⌦

⇧ = ,⇤ ! = , =,⇤

" ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ↵⌃⌘⌘⌥⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⌃ ⇧ = ,⇤ ✓↵ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦⌘ ⌫ +⇧ +⇧ ! ⇥ * ,⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ! * ⇥ =⇤ += +, ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ✓↵ +⇧ +⇧ ⌦ ! ⌥, ⌥= ⇥⇤ += +, 6 ⇣↵↵✓⌫⌥⌦ ✏ ⇣✓✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ , = ⌥⇥⇤ # = ,⇤ ! $ ⇥%= %, C⇣ ✓✏⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ✓ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ↵⌃⌘⌘⌥⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⌫ ✓↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✓⇧⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⇣ ⌦ ⇧ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⇤ ⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃ ⌃✓⇧ ↵⌦ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ◆ ↵ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⇥ ⌃↵ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌅⇧ ⌦↵⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵⇠ ⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ↵✓ ⌥ ⇡ ✓ ⌦⇧ , =⇤ #E = ,⇤ ! $ ⇥%= %,

⇤

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

⌃⇧⌘ ✓ ↵ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ K⌃✏⇣⌫✓⌃⇧ ⌃ ✓ ◆ ⇥ ⇥ ⌥=, ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ ⇥ % = ⇤ ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ ⇢E #! ⇥ ⇥ ⌥=, ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ ⇥ % , ⇤ ⇥ % = % , ⇤⇥ ⌅ )⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦

⌃

⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ✏ ⌧⌃

⌦ ⇣

⌦ ↵⌃⌘⌘⌥⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓↵

⇥

>⇤

⌃⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦

M ! ⌘⌦ ⇢#⇤ ! ⌥ ⇥ % = % , ⇤

⇢⌧ ⇤ &⇧⇠⌧

*⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / ⌥* >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / ⌦ *⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / * >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / ! # ⌅ >⇤ *

⇡⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘✓⌃ ⌦⌥ ↵⌦⌦ ⌃ ✓ #⌅ >⇤ ✏! * ⌦⇧ ⇢⌧ ⇤ &⇧⇠⌧ ✓↵ ✓⇧⇢⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦ ⌅ ⌅ # >⇤ ! * ⌦⇧ ⇢⌧ ⇤ &⇧⇠⌧ ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣ ✓⇧⇢⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ ⇥ *⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / ⌥* >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / ⌘⌦ ! *⌅ >⇤* >⇤ *⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ , * >⇤ ✏⇣↵ /

⌃⇧⌘ ⇡⌦ $⇧⇣⇡ ⌃ * ; * ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ⇠ ✓ #⌅ >⇤ ! *⇠ ⌦⇧ *⌅ >⇤⇤ ! ⇥ ⌥ # ⌅ >⇤⇤ ! ⇥⇠ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌃ *⌅ >⇤ ! ⇥ ⌫⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇥ + ! *⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / *⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / #⌅ >⇤⇤ ⌧& #! ⇢⌧ ⇤ +> ⌃⇧⌘

⌧⇠ #! ⇢⌧ ⇤

+ +/

⇥

! ⌥* >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / * >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / *⇤

⇡⌦ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌧& ⌧⇠ ! * ✏⇤ )⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦↵ ⇥& ⇠ ⇤ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⌧& ⌧⇠ ! ⌧& ⌃⇧⌘ ⇠ #! ! ⌥ ↵✓⇧ / ✏⇣↵ / *⇤ & #! ⇣⌧& ⇣ ⇣⌧⇠ ⇣ " ⌦⇧

⌦ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⇥ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ & ⌦ ⇠ ⇥ ! ! ⌥#⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / ⌥# ⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / *⌅ >⇤⇤ ⇣& ⌦ ⇠ ⇣

✓↵ ⇧✓ ⌃ ↵ ⌃✏⌦⇠

↵✓⇧✏⌦ *⌅ >⇤⇤ % #⌅ >⇤⇤ ! ⇥⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⇣ ⌦ ↵ ⌘⌦◆⇧✓⇧ ⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ⌃ ✓⇧ ⌦↵⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵#

⇥ #

⌦ * "⇤ ⇧ ⇤

⇥

"⇣ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⌦✏⇣⇧⌘  ⇧⌘⌃ ⌦⇧ ⌃⌥ ⇣ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌥#⌅⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / #⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / ⇢⇥ ! ⌦ ⌥#⌅⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / ⌥#⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / *⌅⌅ >⇤ *

✏⇣⌘ ↵

✓

⇤ ⇥

⌃⇧⌘ ⇡⌦ ⇡ ✓ ⌦ ⇥& ⇠ ⇤ +⇣

✓↵ ⌃⇧↵⇣ ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡✓ ⌦↵ ⌦✏ ⌃ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇥ ⌥# ⌅⌅ >⇤ ✏⇣↵ / ⇥ ⇢⇥ ⇤ & ⇤ ! ⇢⇥ ⇤ ! ⌦ ⌥# ⌅⌅ >⇤ ↵✓⇧ / * *⌅⌅ >⇤ ⌧ > &⌧ ✓ # ⌅ >⇤ ✏! * &⌧ & ! &⌧ ⌥ > &⌧ & ✓ # ⌅ >⇤ ! *

⇣

⌦ ⌫⌃↵✓↵

C⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ *⌅ >⇤⇤ % # ⌅ >⇤⇤ ! ⇥⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ *⌅ *⌅⌅ ! ⌥#⌅ #⌅⌅ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣⇠ ✓ # ⌅ ! * ⌦⇧ *⌅ ! ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ *⌅⌅ ! * 8✓ ✓⌥⌃ ⌥ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

⇢⇥ ⇤ ⇠ ⇤ ! ⇢⇥ ⇤

* ⇤ >

⇥

&⌧ > &⌧

! ! ! !! ⌥ ! > ⌦

↵✓⇧ /

" " #⌅ >⇤ " &⌧ ⇠ "!⌥ ✏⇣↵ / &⌧ " * >⇤ *

* ⌅⌅ #! ✓ # ⌅ ✏! * * >

⌃↵↵⇣✏✓⌃ ⌦⌘

⌃⇧⌘

⇥ * ⌅⌅ #! ✓ #⌅ ! * * * ⌘⇤ + ⇣ ✏⇤ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌦ F⌃ ↵↵ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦5 ⌃⌥ ⇣ M ! ⌥ >> ✓ #⌅ ✏! *⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ M ! * ✓ #⌅ ! * 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ⌦ ⌦⌃⇧ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦5 ⌃⌥ ⇣ ⇥ ⇥ # ⌅ *⌅⌅ ⇥ ⌅⌅ ! ⌥ ⌅ :! * # >

✓ # ⌅ ✏! * ⌃⇧⌘ : ! > ⇣ ⌦ ⇡✓↵⌦ ⌦⇤ ✓⇤ K ↵ ⌃$⌦ * >⇤ ! 2 $ > % 2 ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ↵ " ⌦⇧ # >⇤ ! ⇥ ⌥ > % ⇠ ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇡ ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦✓ ⌦ ⌃ ⌥⌃⇧⌦⇠ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ✏ ⌥✓⇧⌘⌦ ✓✓⇤ "⇣ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ M ⇠ ⇥ ⇡⌦ ⌦ * >⇤ ! ✏⇣↵ > % 2 ↵✓⇧ > ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ↵ 2 "⌃$✓⇧ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦ ! * ⌃⇧⌘ 2 ! ⇥ ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ * >⇤ ! ↵✓⇧ > ⌃⇧⌘ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃$⌦ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦ # >⇤ ! ✏⇣↵ > " ⌦⇧ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇡ ✓↵ ⌃ ✏✓ ✏ ⌦ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇡✓ ✏⌦⇧ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ✓ ✓⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃⌘✓ ↵ ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⌃⌘✓ ↵ ⇥

⇤ ✓

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

✓✓✓⇤ "⇣ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ M ⇠ ⌥⇥ ⇡⌦ ⌦ * >⇤ ! 8& % 28⇥& ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ↵ 2 9 ⇣⇣↵✓⇧ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦ ! ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ & 2 ! * ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ * >⇤$! 8 ⌃⇧⌘ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ✏ ⇣⇣↵⌦ # ↵⌃ ✓↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ # ⌅ >⇤ ! ⇥ ⌥ 8 & " ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇡ ✓↵ ⌦⇧ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⇥ # & &  ⇥ ⌥ 8 ⇢! ⇡ >⇤ ! 8 ⌫

⌃ 8& ! ⇥% ✏⇣↵ ! ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ ⇥ ⌃⇧ ! ⌥ ! ! E *⇤

9 ⌃⇧ ✓⇧ ⌧⌃ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦↵ ↵⇣ ⇥ ✏⇣↵ !

⇡ !⇤ !

⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃✏ ✓ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦ ↵⌦ ⌘⇣ ↵ ⌦ ⌦ ✏ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ 2 ( ⇥*⇤ ✓⌧⇤ "⇣ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ : ⇠ * ⇡⌦ ⇧⌦⌦⌘ #⌅ ⇤ ! **⌅⌅ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ *⌅ ⇤ % **⌅⌅ ! ⇥ % >%2

* >⇤ !

⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ↵ 2 "⌃$✓⇧ ⇠ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦⇠ ! 2 ! * ⇡⌦ ⌦ * >⇤ ! > ⌃⇧⌘ # ⌃ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇠⇤ ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌥⌃⇧⌦ ⌅ $ ⇡⌦ ⌃$⌦⇠ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦⇠ ⇥⇤! * >⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ 2 ! ⇥ ⇡⌦ ⌦ * >⇤ ! > % ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ # >⇤ ! ↵✓⇧

⇢!

⇧ ↵ ↵

⇢ > ⇢!

⇥

⌅↵⌅

⇢!

I%

⇢> ⇢!

⇥

⇥

&

⌃

!% ⇧ ! ⇥ ⇠ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧✓⇧  ⇣ " ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⇥ ⇥⇥ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵⌦ ⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ⌦✏ ⌃⇧✓✏⌃⌥ ↵ ↵ ⌦ ⇥ ⌘ ⌘ ⌥⇢⇣ ⇤ ⌃ ⌦⇠ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧⇠ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⇣ ⌦ K⌃✏⇣⌫✓ ⌦ ✓✏ ⇣⇧ ⇥ ⇤ R⌦✏⌃⌥⌥ ⌃ ⌦ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌥⇤ ⌥⇥ , ⇤ , ⇥ ⇤ ⇣⇧ ⌫ ⇥ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌦ ⌦ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ⇥ 

,⌦

⌦ ⇤

⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ⇥ ⌃ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ M ⌥

⇤

⇥

⌥ ,

⇤

⇥

+ +⌥⌦

⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ⇡✓

, ⇤!

⇥ ⇥  ⌦⇧

⇡ ⌦⌦

⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✏⇣ ↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠

✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌥⇤

#⌦ ⌥⇤

⌥⇥ ⇤, ⌦ ,

⇤

1 + + #⌦ ! +⌥⌦ +⌥ ⇣⇧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✓✏ ✓⇧ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦ ↵ ↵ ⌦ 0

⇥

 +M #⌦ , ! +, ⌦ ⇤

⌥⇥ ⇤

9⇣⇧

✏⇣⌘ ↵



⇤ ⇢

⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇥

 +M #⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤⌥I !⇤ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ! ⌦ +, ⇤

⌥⌦⌃⌘✓⇧ ⇢ ⇢!

⇣

+M ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ +, ⌦

⇥

!

⇥ 

⇥  +#⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤⌥I ↵ !⇤⌥I !⇤ +⌥↵

#⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤1 ⌥ !⇤ %

⇤

⇧↵ ⇤

0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ⇥ +M ⇥  +# ↵ ! , ,↵ +⌥⌦ +⌥⌦ ⇧↵ ⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇥ ⇥  +# ↵ +M ⌥ !⇤ ⌥ I !⇤⇤ ! ⌥ !⇤⇤⌥I !⇤⌥I ↵ !⇤ +⌥⌦ +⌥⌦ ⇧↵ ⇤

)⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦

⌃ ⇥ ⇢ +M +M ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ! ⌦ ⇢! +, +⌥⌦ ⇥ ⇥ ⇥   ⇥ +# ↵ +#⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥I !⇤⌥I ↵ !⇤ #⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤1 ⌥ !⇤ % +⌥↵ +⌥⌦ ⇤

⇧↵ ⇤

?⇧

⌦⇣ ⌦

⌃⇧⌘⇠ ✓ , . ,!

⇥  ⌦ ⇤

⌫⇤ ⇥ ⌃ ⌦ ⇡ ✓ ⌦⇧ ⌃↵

+ , +⌥⌦ ⌦

⇥ 

.!

⌦ ⇤

.⌦

+ +⌥⌦

⌦⇧ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ P ,⇤ .⇤ !

⇥ 

⌦⇧

⇥ 

⌦

#⌦ , . !

⇤

⌦⇧

#⌦ , ⌦ ⇢⌥ .⇤

⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ P ,⇤ !

⇥ 

⌦⇧

⇤

#⌦ , ⌦ ⇢⌥ !

⇥ 

⌦⇧

#⌦ , ⇢⌥⌦

⇤

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ P

⇥ ⇥ ⇥   I ⌦ U↵4 ⌥ !⇤⇤⌥I ↵ !⇤⌥I 4 !⇤ !⇤ ! #⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥ 1 !⇤ % ⇢! ⌦⇧

⇤

↵⇧4 ⇤

⇢⌥⌦

⇤⇥⌫

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇥ 

#⌦ U↵4 !

⇤

⇥ ⇥  ⇧

!

⇥

+# 4 +# ↵ +#↵4 #⌦ # % ⌥ ↵ 4 +⌥ +⌥ +⌥ ⇤ ⇥ +#⌦4 +#⌦↵ +#↵4 % ⌥ ↵ 4 +⌥ +⌥ +⌥⌦

⇥

⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇥ 

#⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤U↵4 ⌥ !⇤⇤⌥I ↵ !⇤⌥I 4 !⇤

⇧↵⇧4 ⇤

⇥ +#⌦4 +#⌦↵ +#↵4 ! ⌥ !⇤⇤ % ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥I ↵ !⇤⌥I 4 !⇤ +⌥↵ +⌥4 +⌥⌦ ↵⇧4 ⇤ ⇥ ⇥  +#⌦ ⇥ +# ↵ ! ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥I !⇤⌥I ↵ !⇤ +⌥↵ +⌥⌦ ⇥ ⇥ 

⇧↵ ⇤

⇡ ✓✏ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦↵ ⌦ ⇣⇣ ⌥ @⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ M ⌥ , ⌥ , ◆ ⇤ ! ⇤◆⌅ , ⌥ ⇤ % , ◆ ⇤ +M ⌥ +, ⌥ +M ⌥ +, ◆

⌥I I ⇤ ! ⌥I I ⇤ !

⌥I

⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

+M !* +⌥ +M ⇥ ⌥ ⌥I I ⇤ ! ⌥ ⇥ ⌥I % I ⇤ +

I

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ C⌦⇡ ⇣⇧T↵ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌃  ⌦⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ✓⇧ : ⌃ ⌦ ⇥ ⇢ ⌥I !*⌥ 1 ⌥ ⌥I I ! * ⇢! ⇥ ⇢ I ⇥ ⇥ ⇥ % ⇥ ⌥I % I ⇤ ! *  1 % ⌥I ⌥ I ! * ⇢! 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌦↵⌦ ↵ ⌫⌦ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌃ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⇣⇧ :⇠ ⌫ ✏⇣ ⌃ ✓↵⇣⇧ ⇡✓ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵✓⇧ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ =⌦⌧✓ 9✓⌧✓ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧⇤⇠ ⌥ 1 % U⌥⌥⌥ ⌥I % U⌥⌥◆ ⌥I I % U⌥◆◆ I ! * 1 % U◆⌥⌥ ⌥I % U◆⌥◆ ⌥I I % U◆◆◆ I ! * ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧

⌦ ⇣⌥⌥⇣⇡✓⇧ ⇧⇣⇧⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ✓⇧ 9 ✓↵ ⇣;⌦⌥ ↵

U⌥⌥◆ ! U⌥◆⌥ ! ⌥

⇥

U◆⌥⌥ !

⇥

U◆◆◆ ! ⌥

⇥

⌫⇣⌥↵#

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇥*⇤



⇤⇥⇤

⌃⇤ 9⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ✓⇧ & ⌃ ⌥⌦ ⇥ ⇥' ⇥⇤ ⇡✓ ( ! ⇥ ⇡⌦ $⇧⇣⇡ ⌃ C⌦⇡ ⇣⇧T↵ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⇥ ⇢ ⇥ ⌅ ⇥ I 0⇤ I ⌥ 0/ ! ⌥ ⌥ !⌥ ⇢! 0 0 ⇢ I !* 0 /⇤ ⇢! " ⌦ ↵⌦✏⇣⇧⌘ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ✓ ⌥✓⌦↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌥⌃ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ⌅⇠ #! 0 /I ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ " ⌦ ◆ ↵ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⌦⇧ ⌫⌦✏⇣ ⌦↵ ⇥ ⌅⇠ ⌅⇠ ⇥ ⇢ ⇥ 01 ! ⇥ ⌥ ! % ⌥ 0 0 ⇢0 0 0 0 ⌥ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌫⇣ ⇢ ⇢! ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣

↵✓⌘⌦↵ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⌫⌦ 0I ⇣⇧⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧↵ ⇥ ⇥ ⌅⇠ 0I ⇢ ⇥ % ! ⌥ ⇢! 0 0

⌅⇠ ⇥ % % 0 0 ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧  ⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ⌦⌃↵✓⌥ ↵⌦⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌫⌦ ✏ ⌃⇧✓✏⌃⌥ ⌦⇧⌦ ⇤ ⌫⇤ + ⇣ ⌃⇤ ⇡⌦ $⇧⇣⇡ ⌃ 0I

!⌥

⇢ ⌅⇠ ⇢ ! ⇢! 0 ⇢/ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣

** ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌃⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⇣ ⌦↵⌦ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌃ ⌦ ⇢ ↵ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⇢ " ⌦ ⇧⌃ ⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⇣ 93 .⇤ ⇢⇥ ⇥ ⌅ ⌦ ✓✏ ✓↵ ! ✓⇧✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦# ✓ 93 .⇤ ⌦⇧ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇤ # ⌥✓ *⇤ ⇧ 93 .⇤ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇤ !⇤ ! ! ✓↵ ⌃ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⇡ ✓✏ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⌫⌦ ⌦ ⌦⇧⌘⌦⌘ ⌃↵ ! ! * ⌫⇤ :✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓ ⇤ !⇤⇤ ⇥⇤ !⇤ ! ' ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ I ⇥⇤ % ⇤ ⇢ ⇤ ⇥⇤ ⇤ ! *  ⇢ ⇤ ⇥⇤ ⇤ ! ⌥⇤ ⇥⇤ ⇤⇤ I ⇥⇤ ⇤⇤ ⇢! ⇢! 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ += 1 ⇥⇤ ⌥ ⌥ ⇤⇤ I ⇥⇤ ⇤⇤ I ⇥⇤ ⌥ ! ⇤⇤ +! ?⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘⇠ I ⇥⇤ = ! ⇤⇤ I ⇥⇤ ⇤⇤ I ⇥⇤ ⌥ = ⌘ &⇤= ! ⇤⇤ ⌫ *

⇥7⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ += 1 ⇥⇤ ⌥ % = ⌘ &⇤= ! ⇤⇤ +! ⇡ ✓✏ ⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ⌦↵ ⇣ ⌃ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⇤1 ! *⇤ ⇤ C⇣⇡ ⇥ ✓↵ ↵ ✏ ✓ Y ⌃ ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ ?

⇥⇠

2? ! Y ⌦ ? ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

⇤  2⇤? ! ⇤  Y ⌦ ⇤?⇤⇤ ! ⇤  Y⇤ ⌦ ?

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ 6 / ! 2⇤ ! ⇤ ⇤⇤⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇤⇤ ⌅⌥ .⇤ ✏⇣ ⌦ ↵ ⇣⇧⌘↵ ⇣ ⇤  Y ⌅⇧ ⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ S Q⇤ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⇡✓⌦ 5 / ! ⇤  Y *⇤ " ⌦ C⇣⌦ ⌦ ⌦M⇤ .⇧G⌧

⌦⇣ ⌦

⌦⇧

⌃ ⌃⇧ ⌦⌦↵ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵⌦ ⌧⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ & ' 5 / ⇤ ! 'S ⇤  Y % GQ ⇤  Y 8 &

'

! ⇤ 'S % GQ8⇤ Y ! ⌅ Y

⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ Y

⇥⇠

⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ⌦5 ✓⌧⌃⌥⌦⇧

⌃⌦⇧↵  ⇥⇤ =⌦ ↵ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ✏⌃⇧⇣⇧✓✏⌃⌥ ↵ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌥⇤ ⌥⇥ ⌅ ⇤ B!

⇥  ⇤

⇣ ⌅ ⌫⌦✓⇧ ✏⇣⇧↵⌦ ⌧⌦⌘

⌥⌦✏ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌅⇥ ⇤ ⌫

⇣⇧ ⌫ ⌃ ⇥

✓⌧⌦⇧ ✓⇧

⇢⌅ " ⇢⌥

" ✓↵ ⇣ ✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ✏⌥⇣↵⌦⌘ "⇣ ↵ ⇣⇡ ⌃ ✓ ✓↵ ⇧⇣⇧⌘⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⇡ ⌫ ⌃ ⇥ ⌥⌦ ↵ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ , ⌫ ⌫ ⌃ ⇥ ⇤ ↵ ✏ ⌃ B , .⇤ ! * ⇣ ⌦⌧⌦ . ⌫ ⌫ ⌃ ⇥ ⇤ " ⌦⇧⇠ ⇡ ✓ ✓⇧ ,!

⇥  ⇤

✓

+ + %⌘ +⌥ +⌅

✏⇣⌘ ↵ ✓ ✓⇤⇥

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⌦ ✓⇧ . #!

⇣ ⌦



⇤⇠⇢

⇥⇥

⇤⇠ ⇡⌦ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ ⇥ ⇥  + ! ⌥✓⌦ * ! B , .⇤ ! ⇢⌅ ! ⇢⌥ ⌥ ⇢⌥ ! ⇢⌅ ⇤ , +⌅⌦ ⇤

✓ ✓⌥⇥

⇤⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌦ ⇥ ⇥  + * ! B , .⇤ ! ⇢⌅ ! ⇢⌥ ⌥ ⇢⌥ ! ⇢⌅ ⇤ , ! ⌘⌦ +⌥⌦

⌅⇠ ✓⇧↵ ⌦⌃⌘⇠ ⇡⌦ ↵⌦ . #!

⇣ ⌦

⇥⇥

⇤

)⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌦ ⇣

⌃ , ! *⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ B ✓↵ ⇧⇣⇧⌘⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ +✓⇧⌃⌥⌥ ⇠

⇥  ⇢⌅ " ⇢⌥ B⇥ ! B " ⌘ ⌘ ⌘ " B ! ⌦

⇥  ⇢⌅ " ⇢⌥ " ⌘⌘⌘ " ⌦

⇤

⇤

⇤

⇥

! N ⇢⌅⇤ " ⇢⌥ " ⌘ ⌘ ⌘ " ⇢⌅⇥ " ⇢⌥ ! ! N ⌥⇥⇤

⌥ ⇥ ⌅

⇢⌅⇤ " ⌘ ⌘ ⌘ " ⇢⌅⇥ " ⇢⌥⇤ " ⌘ ⌘ ⌘ " ⇢⌥⇥ ✏! *

✓↵ ⌃ ⌧⇣⌥ ⌦ ⇣ ⇣⇧ ⌫ ⌃ ⇥ ⇤ ⌃⇤ ⌅⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ 3 ⌥⇤

⌥⇥ , ⇤

,⇥ ⇤ !

⇥ ⇥  ⌦⇧

%

⇥ 

⇡⌦ ⌥⇤

⌦ ⇤

⇡ ⌦ ⌦⇡!

#⌦ ⌥⇤

⇤

⌥⇥ ⇤, ⌦ ⌥ ⇣ ⌥⇤

✓⇥

✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇠ ! ⇥⌦ ⇥ I !⇤ % ⇢⇣ ⇤✏ ⌧ ⇢!

⌦ ⇤ ⇡⌦ ⇢⌥

P

⌦

⌥⇥ ⇤, ⌦ ,

⌥⇥ ⇤ ! M % ⇠ ⌥ ⇣ ⇤ ⇡⌦ ,

⌦

C⇣⇡ ⇡⌦ $⇧⇣⇡

⌃

✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ✓⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌫ ⇥ ⌃ ⇥ ⇥ ⇧   +M +⇣ ⇢ +M ⌦ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥ I !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥ I !⇤⇤ ⇢⌥ % ⌥ !⇤⇤⇢⌥⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ⇢! +, +⌥ +⌥⌦ ⌦ ⇤

⌦ ⇤

0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ⇥ ⇧  ⇢

⇥ ⌃ +⇠ +⇠ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌦ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⇢⌥⌦ ⇢! +, ⌦ +⌥ ⌦ ⇤ ? < ⇥ ⇥   +⇡ > ⇢ ⇡⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤⇤⌥I !⇤A ⇢⌥⌦ ! ⇢! +⌥⌦ ⌦ ⇤ ⇤ < ? ⇥ ⇥ ⇥   +⇡⌦ +⇡ > ! ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⌥I !⇤A ⇢⌥⌦ +⌥ +⌥⌦ ⌦ ⇤

⇤

⇤⇡⌫

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ K I !⇤⇤⇢⇡ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ✓⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌫ ⇥ ⌃ ⇥ ⇧  ⇢ +⇠ +⇠ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌦ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⇢⌥⌦ ⇢! +, ⌦ +⌥ ⌦ ⇤

" ⌦⇧ ⌦ & ⌥⌦ =⌃ ⌃⇧ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦5 ✓⌧⌃⌥⌦⇧ ⇣ ⇥ ⌃ ⇥ ⇧  ⇢ +3 +3 ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⌥ ⌦ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⇢⌥⌦ ! * ⇢! +, ⌦ +⌥ ⌦ ⇤ ⇥ ⇧ ⇥  ⇢ + M % ⇠⇤  ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ ⇢! +, ⌦ ⌦ ⇤ ⌃ + M % ⇠⇤ +⇣ ⌥ ⌥ !⇤ ⌥I !⇤⇤ % ⌦ ⌥ !⇤⇤ ⇢⌥⌦ ! * +⌥⌦ +⌥ ⇥ I P !⇤ % K I !⇤⇤ % ⇢⇡ ⇢⇣ ⇤✏ ⌧ ! * ⇢!

⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦↵ ⌥ ⇣⌥⌥⇣⇡↵ ⌫⇤ )⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

⇥ 0 1 I ⇢ ⇥ ⇢ !⇤ ! I !⇤ I !⇤ % ⇣ !⇤⇤ ! !⇤ I !⇤ % ⇢⇣ ⇤✏ ⇢! ⇢! ⇢! ⇥ I !P I ⇤ % ⇢⇣ I ⇤ ! ⌥K I ⇤⇢⇡ I ⇤ ! ⌥⇢⇡ I I⇤ ! * ⇢!

✏⇤ ⌅⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵⇠ ⌅⌦ !

+3 ! +, ⌦

⇥ 

⌦ =⌦ ⌦⇧⌘ ⌦

#⌦ , % ⇡⌦

⌃⇧↵⇣

⌧

⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

⌦!⇥

⇤

⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⌦⌃⌘✓⌥ ✓⇧⌧⌦ ⌦⌘# ⇥  ,⌦ ! #⌦ ⌅ ⌥ ⇡ ⇤

⌦!⇥

⇤

⇤

" ✓↵ ↵ ⇣⇡↵ ⌃ ⌦ =⌃ ⌃⇧ ✓⌃⇧ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⌥⌃ ⌘⇤ 6↵ ⌃  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣⇧ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⌫ ⇧⌘⌥⌦⇠ ⌦ N◆ ⇥ ⇥ * ⌫⇧ ⌧ , $ ⇥

⇡ ⌦⌦⌧#

⇧

⇥

⇥

⇤

✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⌧ ⌥⇤ ! $⌥ % ,

⇥

⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌥ ⇥ ,⇤

H

)⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇥ * ⇥ $⇤ ,

* $

⇥⇥

⇥ ,⇤ % $⇤ ,

!H

* $⇤ $

⇥⇥

!⌧

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⌧ ⌥⇤ ! $⇤ $ ⌥ % ,⇤ % $⇤ , ⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥⇥ ⇥⇥ ⇥ * ⇥ * H H ! ⌧⇤ ⌧ ,⇤ $⇤ , $ ⇡✓

⌧⇤ ⌥⇤ ! $⇤ ⌥ % ,⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌧ ⌥⇤ ! $ ⌥ % ,

8✓⇧✏⌦

⌧⇤ ⌧ ⇤ ⌥⇤ ! $⇤ $ ⌥ % $⇤ , % ,⇤ ⇤ ! ⌧ ⌥⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ H ✓↵ ⌫✓⇢⌦✏ ✓⌧⌦⇠ ✓ ✓↵ ⌃ ⇣ ✓↵⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ '⇤ " ⌦ ⌃ K # 9✓C ⇤ ⇧ 9✓C 2⇤ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⇥⇥ ⇥ ⇥ * ⇥ * K #! , ⇥ ,⇤ '⇥ ⇥ ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ ' ⇡ ⌦⌦, ⇠ ,⇤ ! , * *⇤ ⇥ ⌃ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘⇠ ⇥ ⇥⇥ ⇥ * ⇥ * ⇥ K !K ,⇤ ⇥ , ⇥ ,⇤ % ,

⇥

✓↵

* ⇥

⌦ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓

⇥⇥

!

⌃⇧⌘ K

⇥ * ,⇤ ⇥

⇥⇥

K

⇥ ,

* ⇥

⇥⇥

! !

⇥ * ,⇤⇤ '⇥ ⇥ ⇥ ,⇤⇤ % ,⇤

⇥

* '⇥ ⇥

⇥ ,⇤ ⇥

⌃ ✓ ⇠ ✓↵

⇥ ,⇤⇤ % ,⇤ * '⇥

⇥

⇥

* '⇥

⇥

⇥

⇤

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⌃⌦⇧↵

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

⇣

⇥⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌘ ⌘ ✓↵ ⇧⇣⇧ ⌘⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ↵ , . ↵ ✏ ⌃ , . ✏! * 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ,⇤ ↵ ✏ ⌃ ,⇤ ,⇤ ! ✏ * ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘⇠ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ✓ , , ! . . ! * ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃$⌦ ,⇤ #! , % . ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧ ,%. ,%. !

, . ✏! *

)⌦ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ⇧⇣⇡ ↵ ⇣⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇣ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌫⌃↵✓↵ ⌫ ✓⇧⌘ ✏ ✓⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇠ ⌦ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌅ ! ⇥ ⇡⌦ ⌃$⌦ . ↵ ✏ ⌃ . . ✏! * ⌃⇧⌘ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦ ,⇤ #!

. ⌃.⌃

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃.⌃ #! ⌃ . . ⌃ ⌅ 9⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ,⇤ ,⇤ ! ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥,⇤ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦5 ✓ ⌦⌘ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌫⌃↵✓↵ ⌅ ; ⇥ ⇡⌦ ⌃ ⌃✓⇧ ⌃$⌦ . ↵ ✏ ⌃ . . ! ✏ * ⌃⇧⌘ ⌥⌦ ,⇤ #!

⌦

. ⌃.⌃

⌅ ✏ ✓↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⌃⌥ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ↵ ⌃⇧⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ,⇤ ⌦⇧ ⌘✓ ✏ ! ⌥ ⇥⇠ ,⇤ ✏ ✏ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦↵ ✓✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌘ ⌘ ⇣ ✏ ✓↵ ↵ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇧⇣⇧⌘⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ )⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃ ⌥ ⌦ ✓⇧⌘ ✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦↵✓↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣⌫ ⌃✓⇧ ⌃ ⌫⌃↵✓↵ ⇥, ,⇥ ⇤ ⇣ ✏ ↵ ✏ ⌃ ,⌦ , ! * ✓ ⌦ ✏! & ⌃⇧⌘ ,⌦ ,⌦ ! ⇥ ⇣ ⌦ ! " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⇥,⇤ ,⇥ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌘⌦↵✓ ⌦⌘ ⌫⌃↵✓↵ ⇣ "⇣ ↵ ⇣⇡ ⌃ ⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌘ ⌘ ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ⌘⌦ ⌦⇧⌘ ⇣⇧ ⌦ ✏ ⇣✓✏⌦ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌫⌃↵✓↵ ⇡⌦ ⇧⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ✓ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃ ✓ ⌃⌥ ↵ ⌫↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⇣ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⌘ ⌘ ✓↵ ⇣↵✓ ✓⌧⌦ ⌘⌦◆⇧✓ ⌦ ✓⇧ ↵ ⌦ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃ ✓ ⌃⌥ ↵ ⌫↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⇣ ⇡ ⌦⌦ ⌘ ⌘ ✓↵ ⇧⌦ ⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ⌘⌦◆⇧✓ ⌦ ⇤ +✓ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌥⌫ ⌥⇤ ⌥ ⌥⇥ ⇤ " ⌦⇧ ,!

⇥  ⌦ ⌫

⌃⇤

+ , +⌥⌦ ⌦

⌃⇧⌘ . !

⇥ 

.⌦

⌦ ⌫

✓⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ , ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⌃⇧⌘  ⌫

, , !⌥ , ⇤ %

⇥ 

+ +⌥⌦

⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

, ⌦ ⇤ E * ⌃⇧⌘

,⌫ ; *

⌦ ⇤

8✓ ✓⌥⌃ ⌥ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ . ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⇣ ⇧ ⌥⌥ ⌃⇧⌘  ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ . . ! ⌥ .⌫ ⇤ %

⇥  ⌦ ⇤

.⌦ ⇤ ⌧ *

⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧

⌃⇧⌘ .⌫ ; *

✏⇣⌘ ↵

" ⌦⇧ ⌫

⌦ 9⌃ ✏

, . ! ⌥, ⌫ .⌫ % ⌫

⌫

⌧ ⌥, . %

✓✓⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦

⇤⇥

8✏ ⇡⌃ D ✓⇧⌦5 ⌃⌥✓ ⇥ 

, ⌦ .⌦

⌦ ⇤

◆

⇥ 

⌅

⌦

,⇤

⌦ ⇤ ⌫ ⌫

◆

E ⌥, ⌫ .⌫ % ⌃, ⌃⌃. ⌃ ! *

,%. ,%. ! , , %

⇥ 

⌅

⌦

.⇤

⌦ ⇤

, . % . .

⌃⇧⌘ , , E *⇠ . . ⌧ * ⌃⇧⌘ , . E *  ⇣ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ , % . , % . E * 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠

✓⇤⇤⇠ ⇡⌦

, % .⇤⌫ ! , ⌫ % .⌫ ; *

⌫⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ , % . ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣  ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ✓✓✓⇤ + ⇣ ✓⇤ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ✓ , . ! * ⌦⇧ . ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⌫⌦ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⇧⇣ ⇧ ⌥⌥ ⌦ ✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦ D⌦ ⇣ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ⇤ ✓⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ , ✓↵ ⇧ ⌥⌥ ⌃⇧⌘  ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ , ⌫ ⇤ ! ✓⇥ ⌦ ⌫ ⌦ ⇤ , ⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ , ; * 0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ . ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ✓⇥ ⌦ ⌫ ⌅ ⇣ ⇧ ⌥⌥ ⌃⇧⌘  ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌦ ⇤ . ⇤ ⇤ ⌧. ⌫ ⌃⇧⌘ . ; * " ⌦⇧ ⌫ ⌦ 9⌃ ✏ 8✏ ⇡⌃ D ✓⇧⌦5 ⌃⌥✓ , . ! ⌥, ⌫ .⌫ % ⌧ ⌥, ⌫ .⌫ % ⌫

⇥ 

, ⌦ .⌦

⌦ ⇤

◆

⌫

⇥ 

⌅

,⌦ ⇤

⌦ ⇤ ⌫ ⌫

◆

⌧ ⌥, . % ⌃, ⌃⌃. ⌃ ! *

⇥  ⌦ ⇤

0⇣ ⌦⇣⌧⌦ ⇠ ⌦5 ⌃⌥✓ ⇣⌥⌘↵ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣⇧⌥ ✓ ◆ ⇥ ◆ ⇥ ⇥ ⌅    ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ,⇤ ,. ! .⌦ ⇤ ⌦ ⇤

⌦ ⇤

⌃⇧⌘

◆

⇥ 

⌅

.⌦ ⇤

⌅

⌦ ⇤

⌅

⌦

! .⌫

.⇤

⌦ ⇤

⌅ ⇡⌦ ✏ ⇣⇣↵⌦ ! ! * ↵⇣ ⌃ ⌦ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ,⇣⌫ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ * *⇤⇠ ⌦⇧ ,⇣⌫T↵ ⌃ ✓⌧⌃⌥ ⌃ 4⌥⌃⇧⌦ \ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⇥* >⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦ ⇧✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⇡✓⇧↵ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ * *⇤ " ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ,⇣⌫ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌫ ⇣$⌦⇧ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇧ ⌦↵⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ↵⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ,⇣⌫ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ✓↵ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓↵ ⌦ ⇧ ✓↵ ⌃ ⇥* >⇤ ⌥ * *⇤⌃ % ⌃ * *⇤ ⌥ ⇥* >⇤⌃ ! ⌃ ⇥* >⇤⌃ % ⌃ ⇥* ⌥>⇤⌃ !

'⇤

⇥* ⌥ > %

⇥* ⌥ ⌥>⇤ ! 7 % 7 ! ⇥

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ,⇣⌫ ✓↵ * % ⇥ ! . ⌦⌃ ↵ ⇣⌥⌘ ⇡ ⌦⇧ ⌦ ⌦⌦ ↵ 6⌥✓✏⌦ ⌃ ⌃✓⇧ ⌫⇤ 6⌥ ⇣ ,⇣⌫ ✏⌃⇧ ✓⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘ ✏⌥⌃✓ ⌃ ✓⇧ ✓↵  ⌃ ⌦ ✓ ✓↵ 6⌥✓✏⌦ ⇡ ⇣ ✓↵ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⇠ ✓↵  ⌃ ⌦ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ⌃⇧ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦⇠ ⌃↵ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✏✏⌦⌥⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⇥* >⇤ ⇣ ⌦⌧⌦ ↵⌦ ✓↵ ⌧⌦⌥⇣✏✓ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⇣⇧⌦ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ↵⌦ ⌦ 0✓⇧$⇣⇡↵$✓ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧ ,⇣⌫T↵  ⌃ ⌦ ✏⇤ 6 ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⇥* >⇤⇠ ,⇣⌫ ✓↵ ⌦✏⌦✓⌧✓⇧ ⌥✓ ⌃ ⌥⌦ ⌦ &⌃ ⌃ !! " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦⇠ ✓⇧ ⌦ 7 ⌦⌃ ↵ ✓ ⌃$⌦↵ ✓ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ 4⌥⌃⇧⌦ \⇠ ,⇣⌫ ↵⌦⌦↵ ⇣⇧⌥ ⌦⌃ ↵ ⇣ 6⌥✓✏⌦T↵ ⌥✓⌦ ✏ +✓ ⌦ @⇤ 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ ⌦ ↵⌦⌦↵ 6⌥✓✏⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ✓⇧ ↵⌥⇣⇡ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧⇠ . ↵⌥⇣⇡⌦ ⌃⇧ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌅⇧ ⌦ 7 ⌦⌃ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⇧ ✓ ⇠ ,⇣⌫ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ↵⌦⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃✓⇧✓⇧ ⇥> ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌦ ⌦ ✓⌦⇧✏⌦⌘ ⌫ 6⌥✓✏⌦ ⇧ ✓⌥ ⌦ ⌦⌦ ⌃ ⌃✓⇧⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ↵⌦⌦ ⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⌃↵ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧⇠ . ✓ ⌦↵ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ?⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘⇠ ⌥✓ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘ ⌃ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⇥* >⇤ ⌘⇣⌦↵⇧T ⌦⌃✏ 6⌥✓✏⌦ ⇧ ✓⌥ ! ! ⇥> ✏ +✓ ⌦ @⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ↵ ⌦⇧⌘↵ ⇥> ⌦⌃ ↵ ↵⌦⌦✓⇧ ⌦ 7 ⌦⌃ ↵ ⇣ ,⇣⌫T↵ ✓ ⇣⇡⌃ ⌘↵ 4⌥⌃⇧⌦ \⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ↵⌦⌦↵ ✓ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ✓⇧ ↵⌥⇣⇡ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧⇠ . ✓ ⌦↵ ↵⌥⇣⇡⌦ ⌃⇧ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌅⇧ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃✓⇧✓⇧ ⌦⌃ ↵⇠ 6⌥✓✏⌦ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ↵⌦⌦ ⌦ 7 ⌦⌃ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⇧ ✓ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ↵ ↵⌦⌦ ,⇣⌫ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⌃↵ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧⇠ . ✓ ⌦↵ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌥ ⌃⇤ 6✏✏⇣ ⌘✓⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⌥⌦⇧ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌥⌃⇠ ⌦ ✏⌃ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦↵ C⌅ ! C⌅ ⇥ ⌥ , ! ' ⇥ ⌥ * > ! ' ⌦ * 7 ! . ⌦ ⌦ ↵ ✏⇣↵ = ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦T↵  ⌃ ⌦ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✏⌃ ✏⌃⇧ ◆ ✓⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌃⌃ ⌦ ⌫⇤ 6 ⌃✓⇧ ↵✓⇧ ⌦ ⌥⌦⇧ ✏⇣⇧ ⌃✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌥⌃⇠ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌦↵ C⌅ C! ! C⌅ ⇥ ⌥ , ! 2 ⇥ ⌥ * > ! 2 ⌦ * 7 ! 2 ⌦ ⌦ ↵ ✏⇣↵ = ✓⇧ ⌦ ✏⌃ T↵  ⌃ ⌦⇠ ↵⇣ ⌦ ⌦T↵ ⇧⇣ ⇡⌃ ⌦ ✏⌃ ✏⌃⇧ ◆ ✓⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ " ⌦ ↵⇣⌥ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌘⇣ ✓↵ ✓⇧ ⇡ ⌃ ✓↵ ⌦⌃⇧ ⌫ ⌦ ✏⌃ ⌫⌦✓⇧ ✓⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦# ✓ ⌦⌃⇧↵ ⌃ ⌃ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌦ C!

⇤

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

!

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

! * *⇤

* *⇤

⇥* >⇤

* *⇤

⇥* >⇤

⌥

&⌃

4⌥⌃⇧⌦ \

* *⇤

&⌃

⌥

4⌥⌃⇧⌦ \

⇥⇤⌅⇧⌃ ⇣ "⇡✓⇧ ⌃ ⌃⌘⇣ ⌦⌃ ⇣ ⌦ ✏⌃ ⌃↵ ⌃↵↵⌦⌘ ⌦  ⇣⇧ ⌘⇣⇣ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ⌦  ⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ✏⌃ ⌃↵ ⇧⇣ ⌦ ⌃↵↵⌦⌘ ⌦ ⌫⌃✏$ ⌘⇣⇣ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ↵✓ ⌥ ⌃⇧⌦✓ ✓↵ ⌦⌥⌃ ✓⌧⌦⇠ ⌦ ⌃✏ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⌃ ⇡⌃↵ ✓⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦T↵  ⌃ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⇧⇣ ⇡⌃ ⇣ ✏⌦↵ ⌦ ✏⌃ ⇣ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌫⌦⌦⇧ ✓⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✏⌃ T↵  ⌃ ⌦ 7⇤ )⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ J ⇢⌥ ⇢!⌅ ⇢⌥ ⇢! ⇢⌥ ! ⌅ ! ⌅ . #! ⇢! ⇢! ⇢! ⇢! ⇢!⌅ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇢⌥ ⇢ ! ⌅ !⌅ ↵✓⇧ = % ⌥⌅ ✏⇣↵ =⇤ ! ↵✓⇧ = % .⌅ ✏⇣↵ = ⌅ ⇢! ⇢! ⌃⇧⌘ ⇢ ⇢! ! ⌅ !⌅ ✏⇣↵ = % ⌥⌅ ↵✓⇧ =⇤ ! ✏⇣↵ = % .⌅ ↵✓⇧ = ⌅ ⇢! ⇢! ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃⇧ = % .⌅ , % .⌅ .! ! ⇥ % .⌅ ⌃⇧ = ⇥ % .⌅ , ⌅ .⌅ ! ⇥ ⌦⇧ , ⇥ .! ! ⇥ ⇥ ,

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇤⇠

⌃↵ ✓ ↵ ⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌫⌦# ✓ ⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ↵ ⌦⌦⌘ ⇣ ⌥✓ ✓⇧ ⇣⇧⌦  ⌃ ⌦⇠ ✓ ↵ ⌫⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ↵ ⌦⌦⌘ ⇣ ⌥✓ ✓⇧ ⌃⌥⌥  ⌃ ⌦↵ (⇤ ⌃⇤ ✓⇤ " ⌦ ⌃ ⇧ # ⇧ 8?⌫ ⇥ ⇥⇤ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⇥ ✏⇣↵ = ↵✓⇧ = ⇧ =⇤ ! ↵✓⇧ = ✏⇣↵ = ✓↵ ⌃ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ 8?⌫ ⇥ ⇥⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇧ *⇤ ! ' ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥ * ⇥ ⌅ ⇧ *⇤ ! ⇥ * ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌅⌥ ⇥ ⇥⇤ ! ↵ ⌃⇧

B

⇥C

* ⇥ ⇥ *

✓✓⇤ =⌦ * = = *

!

!

B

* = = *

⇥

C

⌃=

⇥

" ⌦⇧ ! 8. !

⌦

 ↵ ⌫

8✓⇧✏⌦ ↵

⇥

=↵ * * =↵

!

!

!

⌫⇤

↵ ⌫

✏⇣↵ = ↵✓⇧ = ↵✓⇧ = ✏⇣↵ =

>⇤ ! ⇤ >⇤,

⌫

↵◆⇤

%⌅◆ ↵⌧$ ✓ %⌅◆⇤ ↵ ⌫ ↵◆⇤⌧$

✓✓✓⇤ " ✓↵ ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌘✓⌃ ✓⇤ )⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃↵↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⇡✓↵⌦ ⇡⌦ ⇢ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌘ ⌫ . ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

" ⌦⇧ # C!

4N

⌃⇧⌘

⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ◆ ✓ ⌦

↵

⌦ ⇡✓ ↵ ⌃⌥⌥

⇣ ⇣ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇧✓

⇡✓

⇣ # % ⌃ I >⇤⌃⇢> !

✓

=

↵◆⇤

=

↵◆⇤

*

⇥

%⌅◆⇤ ↵◆⇤⌧$ ✓ %⌅◆ ↵ ⌫ ↵⌧$

⇥

↵ ⌫

! ⇤ =⇤

✓✓⇤ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⌃ = ; * ⇣ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✏ ⌃⇧ ⌦ , ⌃⇧⌘ .⇤ " ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ↵ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ , ⌃⇧⌘

*⌧>⌧=

⌦ ⌥⌦⇧

⌫

!

*

✓↵ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ %

⇥ ⇢> ! = ! ⌃=⌃

⇤⇡

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

↵✓⇧✏⌦ ↵✓⇧ > ✏⇣↵ > ✏⇣↵ > ↵✓⇧ >

⌃ I >⇤⌃ !

⌅↵⌅

⇥

,

! ⌃ ⌥ , ⌫ ↵✓⇧ > % , ⇤ ✏⇣↵ >⇤ % , ⌫ ✏⇣↵ > % , ⇤ ↵✓⇧ >⇤ ⌃ ⌅

! ⌃ , ⌫ ⇤ ⌥ , ⇤ ⇤ ⌃ ⌅ ! ⌃,⌃ ! ⇥ ✓✓⇤ 6 ⌃✓⇧ ⇡⌦ ⌃↵↵ " ⌦ ⌃

⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣

⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓

⌃ =;*

> ⇡⇤ #! ⇡⇤ >⇤, ⇡✓ * E > E = ⌃⇧⌘ * E ⇡ E ⇥⇠ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦ ✓⇣⇧ ⌅ ↵ ⌃ ⌦⌃ ✓↵ ⌦⇧ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ # %# ⇤ ! ⌃ ⌘⌦ ⇢ ⇤⌃ ⇢⇡ ⇢> ⌫

⌫

8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌘⌦ ⇢ ⇤ !

⇡ , ⌫ ↵✓⇧ > % , ⇤ ✏⇣↵ >⇤ , ⌫ ✏⇣↵ > % , ⇤ ↵✓⇧ > ⇡ , ⌫ ✏⇣↵ > % , ⇤ ↵✓⇧ >⇤ , ⌫ ↵✓⇧ > % , ⇤ ✏⇣↵ >

⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ # !

⌫

%# ⇤

⇡ ⇢⇡ ⇢> !

=

!

! ⌥⇡

⌃=⌃

⌫

✓✓✓⇤ =⌦ .⇤ ! ⇤ =⇤ ⇤, ⌃⇧⌘ . ! ⇤ = ⇤.⇤ " ⌦⇧ . ! ⇤ = ⇤⇤ =⇤ ⇤, ! ⇤ =⇤ % = ⇤, ✓⌧⇤ " ⌦ ⌧⌦⌥⇣✏✓ , ⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦ !⌅ ⌥⌅ ⇤ ⇡✓ ⌦↵ ⌦✏ ⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦ ! ⌥⇤ ✓↵ , ! ⌃⇧ =⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ = ✓↵ ✓ ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏ ⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓✓ 8✓ ✓⌥⌃ ⌥ ⇠ ⌦ ⌧⌦⌥⇣✏✓ . ⇣ ⌃ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦ ! ⌥⇤ ✓↵ . ! ✓ ⌃⇧ B⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ B ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏ ⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⇧✓ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ I ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦T↵ ⌃⇢⌦✏ ⇣ " ⌦ ⌧⌦⌥⇣✏✓ .⌅ ⇣ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦ !⌅ ⌥⌅ ⇤ ✓↵ .⌅ ! ⌃⇧ B ⌅ ⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ B ⌅ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏ ⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏ ⌃⇧ ⌥⌦↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃⌘⌘✓ ✓⌧⌦⇠ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ I 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ B ! = % B ⌅ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ . ! ⌃⇧ B⇤ ! ⌃⇧ = % B ⌅ ⇤ !

⌃⇧ = % ⌃⇧ B ⌅ , % ,⌅ ! ⇥ % ⌃⇧ = ⌃⇧ B ⌅ ⇥ % ,.⌅

>⇤ =⌦ ↵ ⌃↵↵ ⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⌃ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ✓ ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ , ! ⌥ ⌅ ✓↵ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌃⌥ ⌃⇧⌘  ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ " ⌦⇧ , ! 4 ✓ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ 4 ; * ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇧ ⌅ ⇣ ✓↵

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇤⇢

⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌦⌘ ⌫ >⇤ ! ⌅ % >, ⇡✓ > ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ⇣✓⇧ ↵ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⌘ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ J ⇤!

#

⇤

4 ⇢> ! 4 !

⌫

⌫

A* ⇥B " ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

✓ ⌦

⌥ ⌅⌫

⌅ ⇤ >⇤ #! ⌥⌫ >⇤ ⌥⇤ >⇤ ⌥ >⇤ ⌥⇥ >⇤⇤ ✓↵ ⌃⇧⇣ ⌦  ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ✓ ⌦ ⌥✓$⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ⇣✓⇧ ↵⇠ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⌘ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ✓↵ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ J ⇤⇤ #! !

#

#

⇤ ⌫ ⇤

⌫

⌃⇤I ⌃ ⇢> !

#

⇤

⌫

◆

⌫

⌥I ⇤ ⌥

⇥ 

⌅

⌦

⌥I ⇤

⌦ ⇤

⌥I ⌫ ⇢> ! ⌥⌫ ⇥⇤ ⌥ ⌥⌫ *⇤ !

⌫

⌧

#

⇤ ⌫

⌃⌥I ⌫ ⌃⇢>

⌥ ⌅⌫ ! J ⇤

"⇣ ⇣⌧⌦ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦ ↵⌦⌘ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ✓⇧⌦5 ⌃⌥✓ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃$⌦ ⌅ ! * ⌃⇧⌘ ! , % . ⌅ ✓↵ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦  ⇣ * ⇣ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌫ ⇣$⌦⇧ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⇡⇣ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦↵⇠ ⇣⇧⌦  ⇣ * ⇣ , ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦  ⇣ , ⇣ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ J ⇤⇤ ! ⌃,⌃ % ⌃.⌃

⌃, % .⌃ ! J ⇤

@⇤ " ⌦ ⌘✓⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ↵ ⇡⇣ ⌥✓ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥↵ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃⇧ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌃ ⌥ ! * ⇡✓ ⌃ ✓ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌫ " ⌦↵⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌘⌦ ⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌃⇧ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⇡✓ ⌧⌦⌥⇣✏✓ ,⇠ ⇡ ⇣ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦↵ ⌃ ✓ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌅ ⌫ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ⌦ C⇣⇡ ✓ ⌦ ◆ ↵ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥ ✓↵ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘ ⌃ ! ! !⌫ ⇠ ✓ ↵ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ! ! !⌫ % ⌥ 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ ⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⌘⌦ ⌦✏ ↵ ⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⇡✓ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⇠ ! ! !⌫ % ⌥ ⌥ ! ,!



⌧

!!

!⌫ ⇥⌥,

⌥!

,!⌫ ⇥⌥,

8✓ ✓⌥⌃ ⌥ ⇠ ⌦ ↵⌦✏⇣⇧⌘ ⌥✓ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥ ✓↵ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘ ⌃ ! ! !⌫ %⌫ ⇠ ✓ ↵ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ! ! !⌫ % ⌫ % ⌥⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ✓ ✓↵ ⌘⌦ ⌦✏ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⇡✓ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌧

!!

!⌫ % ⌫ ⇥⌥,

⌥!

, !⌫ % ⌫ ⇤ ⇥⌥,

⌫

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⌫⌦ ⇡⌦⌦⇧ ⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥↵ ⌃↵ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ✓↵ 7 ⇥ ⇥ !⌫ % ⌫ !⌫ , !⌫ % ⌫ ⇤ ,!⌫ ⌅ ⌫ ! ⌥ ⌥ ⌥ ⇥⌥, ⇥⌥, ⇥⌥, ⇥⌥, 7 7 6 ⌫ , ⌫ ⇥⌥, ⇥%, ⌥ !⌫ !⌫ ! ⇥ ⌥ ,⇤ ⇥ ⌥ ,⇤ ⇥ ⌥ ,⇤ ⇥⌥, ⇥*⇤ 6↵↵ ✓⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ↵ ⌃ 8✓ ✓ ↵ ✓↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌥✓ ⌦ ✓ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ↵ ⌃ ⌦⌃✏ ✓⇧ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⇧ ⌥⌥ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ,! " ⌦⇣ ⌧

⇣⇧⇣

⌦ ⌥ ⌥⌃⇧⌦⇠ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ◆ ↵ ✓⇧⌦ ✓⌃⌥ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ✓↵

+ + + ⌥ ✏⇣↵ / ⌥ ↵✓⇧ / +! +⌥ +

⌃⌥  ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ✓⇧

✓ ✓

✓ ✓ ! ✏⇣↵ = ✓ % ↵✓⇧ = ✓⌥

✓ ✓⌥

✓ ✓ ! ↵✓⇧ = ✓ % ✏⇣↵ = ✓⌥

✓ ✓◆

!

✓ ✓◆



⌧

⌦ ↵⌦✏⇣⇧⌘ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵ ✓ ✓

✓ ! ✏⇣↵ = ✓✓ ⌥ ↵✓⇧ = ✓⌥

✓ ✓⌥

✓ ! ⌥ ↵✓⇧ = ✓✓ % ✏⇣↵ = ✓⌥

✓ ✓◆

!

✓ ✓◆

⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ , ! ✏⇣↵ =%↵✓⇧ = ✏⇣↵ /⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ,

↵ ⌫⌦ ,⌅ !

⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦

⇣ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧⌃⌥ ⇣ + + + ⌥ ✏⇣↵ / ⌅ ⌅ ⌥ ↵✓⇧ / ⌅ ⌅ +!⌅ +⌥ +

⌃ ⌃⇧ / ⌅ !

⇥⇥⇤

+ + + ⌥ ✏⇣↵ = ✏⇣↵ /%↵✓⇧ =⇤ ⌅ ⌥↵✓⇧ / ⌅ ⌅ +! +⌥ +

↵✓⇧ / ✏⇣↵ = ✏⇣↵ / % ↵✓⇧ =

⌃⇤ " ✓↵ ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌘✓⌃ ⌦  ⇣ ⌦ ⌘⌦◆⇧✓ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ J ⌫⇤ " ⌦ ◆ ↵ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧ ⌃ ⌃⇧ ⌦⌦↵ ⌃ !I ✏! * ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ↵⌦ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦ ! ⌃↵ ⌃ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ " ⌦ ↵⌦✏⇣⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧ ✓⌦⌥⌘↵ ⇥ ⇥ ⇥ ⇢⌥ ⇢ ⇢⌃ I ⌥! % ⌥I % I % ⌃I ; *  % % ;⇥ ⇢! ⇢! ⇢! ⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ⇣ ⌫⌦ ↵ ⌦ ↵⇣⇧✓✏ 9⇣⇧ ⌧⌦ ↵⌦⌥ ⇠ ✓ ⌃ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ✓↵ ↵ ⌦ ↵⇣⇧✓✏ ⌦⇧⇠ ↵✓⇧ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦ ! ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⇠ ✓ ✓↵ ⌦⌃↵ ⇣ ✏ ⌦✏$ ⌃ ⌦ ⇡⇣ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣⌥⌘

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇥ ⇤

⇤

✏⇤ L↵✓⇧ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦ ! ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃ ⇢ J ⇤ ! ⇢J I ⇤ ⇢! ⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ⌦↵ ⇡ ⌦⇧⌦⌧⌦ I ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ J ! ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ " ✓↵ ⌦⌃⇧↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⇡ ✓✏ ⌦ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌦ ↵⇣ ⇧⌘ ⇣⌘ ✏⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ↵⇣⇧✓✏ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ⌫⌦✏⇣ ⌦↵ ✓⇧◆⇧✓ ⌦⇠ ↵ ⇣ ✓ ✓⇧⌃ ✓⇧ ⌃ ↵⇣⇧✓✏ ⌫⇣⇣ ⌅ ✓↵ ⌃ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ⌦⇧ ⌦⌧✓⇣ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌫⇣⇣ ⌦ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ⌦⌃ ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ↵⇣⇧✓✏ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ⌃ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌫⌦✏⌃ ↵⌦ ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⌦✏ ⌃⇧ ✏⇣⇧⌦ J ! ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ↵ ⌃⌥⌥⌦ ⌧⌃⌥ ⌦↵ ⇣ J ⇤ 6 ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⇣ ⇠ ⌦ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣⇧ ⌫⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⇣ ✓⇧ ⌦⌧⌦ ↵⌦ ⇣ ⌘⌦ ⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ↵ ✓⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⇣ ✓⇧ ⌦ ✏⇣ ⌦✏ ⇣ ⌘⌦ ⇤ ↵ ⌦ ✓ ⇣↵⌦⌘⇠ ⌃↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⌦✏ ↵ ⌦⌃✏ ✏⇣⇧⌦ J ! ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⇡✓✏⌦ ⇣ ⌥⌃ ⌦ ⌧⌃⌥ ⌦↵ ⇣ J ⌃⇤ ⌅ ⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌦⇧ # 7 J ⌥ J⌫ ! ⌃ I >⇤⌃⇢> 7⇧

✓

⌥ ✓⇧

⌃ ⌃ I ⌃ ! ⇥ 8✓⇧✏⌦

:✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃ ✓⇧ ⌅⇧

↵ ⌫⌦ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

I I ! ⌥⇥

✓↵ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡✓

⌦↵ ⌦✏

⇣ J ✓⌦⌥⌘↵

1 I % I 1 !* 1 I !*

⌦ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃⇧⌦⇣ ↵ ⌦↵  ⌃ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ I ! ⇥ * * *⇤

⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ 1 ! * ⌥1 1 ⌃1⇤ ⌃↵ 1 ↵ ⌫⌦ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⌃⌥ ⇣ I⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ !I ! ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ !1 ! * ✓⇧  ⌃ ⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇥ ⇢ ⌃ ⇢ ⌥ ⇢ 1! * ⇢! ⇢! ⇢!

⌫⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ I I ! ⌥⇥⇠ ⇡⌦

↵

✓↵

⌃⌧⌦

I J ⇤ ! ✏⇣↵ = J ⇤⇤ ↵✓⇧ = J ⇤⇤⇤

⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ = # ⇧ ⇡⌦ ✓ ⇧⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ⇣⇧⌦ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧⌃⌥⇤ " ↵ +⇣ ⌃↵↵

1 ! ↵✓⇧ =⇤=I ✏⇣↵ =⇤=⇤ I ' ⌃1⌃ ! ⌃=⌃ I  ⌃=⌃ I !✓

⇣ ⌫⌦ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌫⌥⌦ =I ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ✏ ⌃⇧ ⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⌃ =I J ⇤ ! ✓ ' = J ⇤ ! ✓J

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ↵⌦ J ! * ⇣ ⌫⌦ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦

⌅↵⌅

⌦ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃ ⇡ ✓✏

⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦

I J ⇤ ! ✏⇣↵ ✓J ⇤ ↵✓⇧ ✓J ⇤⇤ ⌅ ⇡⌦ ✏ ⇣⇣↵⌦ ⌦ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦T↵

⌦ ! ⌥⇤ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ↵⇣ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

J⇤ ! ✏⇤ " ⌦

⇣ ⌦

✓ ⌦J

⌃

*⇤ ! * *⇤

⌦⇧

⇥ ⇥ ⇥ ↵✓⇧ ✓J ⇤ ✏⇣↵ ✓J ⇤ ⌥ ⇥⇤ ✓ ✓ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⌘ ⌃⌫⇣⌃ ⌘

⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵ ✓ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵

⌥ J ⇤ ! .* ***  ✏⇣↵ J ⇤ ⌥ ⇥ ! .* ***  ✏⇣↵ J ⇤ ! .* **⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ! J ⇤ ! ↵✓⇧ J ⇤ !

.* **⇥ ⌥ ⇥ * .* **⇥

9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ J ! ⌥⇣ ✏⇣↵ J ⇤ % ↵✓⇧ J ⇤⇤ * ⌥⇣ 7* ** ⇤ * ⇥⇥

⇥.⇤

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦⇠ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦⌘ ⌃⌫⇣⌃ ⌘ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵ ✓ ✓↵ ⇣⇧⌥ ⌃⌫⇣ ⇥⇥ ⌦⌃ ↵⇠ ⌃⌥ ⇣ ⌃⇧ ⇣⌫↵⌦ ⌧⌦ ⇣⇧ ⌦ &⌃ ⇡⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌦⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃ ⇣ ✓ ⌃ ⌦⌥ .* **⇥ ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌃⇤ 6✏✏⇣ ⌘✓⇧ ⇣ ✓ ↵ ✏ ⌦⇡⇠ ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥T↵ ✓ ⌥⌃↵ ↵ $ ' ! ' ⌦⌃ ↵ ⌃ ⇥. ⇥ ⇤⌃ ! ⇥. ⌥ ⇥ !

⇤ ⌫⇤ " ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥T↵  ⌃ ⌦ ⇣⌧⌦↵ ⇡✓ ⌧⌦⌥⇣✏✓ , ! ⇤⇥ ⇡✓ ⌦ $  ↵ ⌦✏ ⇣ ⌦ &⌃ 9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ ⇥ ⌥ , ! ⇤⇥ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇠ ⌥ ⌥ ⇥⌅ ⇥⌅ ⇤ !⌅ ! ⇥ ⌥ , !⌥, ⇥⌥, ⌥ ! ⇤⇥  !⌥  ⌥ ⌥ ⌥ ⇥⌅ ⇥⌅ ⇤ ⌥⌥, ⇥⌥, ! ! ⇤⇥ ⌥⌅ ! ⇥ ⌥ ,  ⌥⌥  !

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥T↵  ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃⌘✓⇣ ↵✓ ⇧⌃⌥ ✓↵ ↵⌦⇧ ⌃ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ * *⇤⇠ ⌦ ✓↵↵✓⌥⌦ ✓↵ ⌥⌃ ⇧✏ ⌦⌘ ⌃ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ > 7 ⌥ 7 2⇤⇠ ⌦ &⌃ ✓↵ ⌘⌦↵ ⇣ ⌦⌘ ⌃ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ 2 2⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⌃ ✓⌧⌦↵ ⌃ ⌦ &⌃ T↵ ✓⇧↵ ⌃ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ' *⇤ ⌃↵ ✓ ⌃⌘ ⇣ ⌫⌦⇤ ✏⇤ +✓ ⌦ ⇥* ↵ ⇣⇡↵ ⌃ ⌥⇣ ⇣ ⌦↵⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣⇧ ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥T↵  ⌃ ⌦ " ⌦ ↵⌦5 ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ↵ ✓↵ ↵ ⌦⌃⌥# ⌦ &⌃ ⌦ ⌥⇣⌘⌦↵ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌃⇧ ⌦⌃↵⇣⇧ ⌃ !⌅ ! 2- ⌦ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌥✓ ✓↵↵✓⌥⌦ ⇢ ↵ ✓⇧ ⌃✏  ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⌥⇣↵✓⇣⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃⌧⌦⌥↵ ⌫⌃✏$⇡⌃ ⌘↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌘✓ ⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ /⌥✓⇧ ⇣⇧ ⌥⌃⇧⌦ ⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌦ ⌃✏ ⌦ ⌥✓✏⌃ ✓↵ ⌫⌦✓⇧ ⌫ ✓⌥ - ⌦ ⇡⇣ ✓↵↵✓⌥⌦↵ ⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ↵✓ ⌥ ⌃⇧⌦⇣ ↵⌥ ⌃ !⌅ ! > 7⇠ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ⌃ ↵ ⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌫⌦ ⌦ ✏⌃ ↵⌦ ⇣ ⌦ &⌃ T↵ ⌘⌦↵ ✏ ✓⇣⇧⇠ ✏ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⌃↵ ⌃ ✓⌧⌦⌘ ⌃ ⌦ &⌃ T↵ ✓⇧↵ " ✓↵ ✓⌥⌥ ↵ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌦ ⌃⌫↵ ⌘✓ ✓⌦↵ ⌃ ⇣⇧⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌥✓ ↵ ⌦⌦⌘↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃⌥⌥⇣⇡⌦⌘

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇥

!⌅

✓↵↵✓⌥⌦ ⌥⌃ ⇧✏ ⌦⌘ &⌃

T↵

✓⇧↵

/⌥✓⇧ ⇣⇧ ⌥⌃⇧⌦

⌥⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⌃ ✓⌧⌦↵ &⌃ T↵ ⌘⌦↵ ✏ ✓⇣⇧

⌃⌘✓⇣ ⇡⌃ ⇧✓⇧ ↵⌦⇧

⌥⌅ &⌃

⇥⇤⌅⇧⌃ ⌥⌘ 8⌦5 ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇣ ⌦⌧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣⇧ ⌃⌦⇧↵ ⌘ ⇥⇤ =⌦ # ' ⇧ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣

⌦

⌥⇥

✓

⇧ ⇥T↵  ⌃ ⌦

⌫⌦ ⌃ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓⇧ F⌃⌥✓⌥⌦⇣ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌦ >⇤ ! ⌥⌫ >⇤ ⌥⇤ >⇤ ⌥ >⇤ ⌥⇥ >⇤⇤ ⌃ ⌦

" ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏

⌥ 1⌫ ! * ⌥ 1⌦ % U⌦⌫⌫ ⌥I ⌫ ⇤ ! * ⌦!⇥

.⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌥⌫ ! ⇠⇤ > % ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘

+H ⇢ ⌥⌦ ! ⌥ ⌦ ⇠⇤ ⇤ ⇢> +⌥ ⌦ ! ⇥ .⇤ ⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ↵ ⇠⇤ ⇠ ⌅ ⇠⇤ ✏! * ⌦⇧ ! ! ⌥⌫ ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃G⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⌦⇡ ✓ ⌦⇧ ⌃↵ +H ⇢ ⌥⌦ !⌥ ⌦ ⇢! +⌥ ⌦ ! ⇥ .⇤⇠ ⇡ ✓✏ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃  ⌦⌦ ⌃⌥⌥✓⇧ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ⌅ ⇠⇤ ! * ⌦⇧ ! ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌫⌦✏⇣ ⌦ ⇢ ⌥⌦ !* ⇢> ⌦ ! ⇥ .⇤ " ⌦↵⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌃ ↵ ⌃✓ ⌥✓⇧⌦ ⇣⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⇥! ! ✏⇣⇧↵ ⌃⇧ ⇤⇠ ⇡ ✓✏ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦⌘ ⌃↵ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ⌃ ✓✏⌥⌦ ⇣⌧✓⇧ ⇡✓ ✓⇧◆⇧✓ ⌦ ↵ ⌦⌦⌘

✓

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

✓ F ⌃ ⇤ +⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦↵↵✓⇣⇧ SFI ! ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ 8⌃ $ ⌃I B " B ⇣ ⇣ ↵ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⇧⇣⇧⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ✓⇧ ✏⇣ ⇣⇧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧ ⌦⇧↵⇣ ⌃ ⌦ + H $ ⌫⌫ ⌦ ! ⌥$⌫ ⌫⌦ ! +⌥ +⌥⌦ ⌦ & ! ⇥ .⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣⇧⌥ ⇧⇣⇧ D⌦ ⇣ ✏⇣⌦G✏✓⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌦ R✓✏✏✓ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ⌦⇧↵⇣ ✓↵ ⇥ ⇥   + H ⌦ $⌫⌫ ! $⌦⌫⌫ ! + ⌥⌦ ⇤ ⌦ ⇤

⌦ ⇤

.⇤

⌃⇤ + ⇣

& ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦

7 . ✓⇧ 9 ⌃ ⌦ . ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

&" ⇢!⇤ 6 ⇤ ! 5 ⌘ ⇢! 6 ⇤⇤ ⌥ ⇢! &" 6 ⇤ ✓⇤

⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ 5 6

5 ⌘ ⇢! 6 ⇤⇤ ! 5 ⌘ 6 ⌫

⌃⇧⌘ &" 6 ! !

⇥ 

F ⌫ ⇥ 

F ⌫

✓

C⇣⇡

⌥ ✓⇧

⌃

⌦5 ⌘ 6 F %

⇥ 

UF ⌃ 5 6 ⌃

⇧⌃ ⌫

+ +⌥F

⇥

 + + 5 ⌘6 ⇤ F % U⌦⌫⌫ 5 ⌫ 6 ⌫ ⌦ +⌥ +⌥ F

⌦ ⇤

⇢! &" 6 ⇤ ! 5 ⌘ 6 ⌫

✓⇤ )⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ &" ⇢! 6 ⇤ ! * ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ 5 6 ⌫⇤ )⌦ ↵ ⌃ ⌫ ⇧⇣ ✓✏✓⇧ ⌃ ✓  ✓↵ ⌃ ⌃⌥⌥⌦⌥ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ↵⇣ ⌦ ✏ #' ⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇢ ⇢!  >⇤⇤⇤ ! I ⌘ ⇢! ⇤⇤ ! &✏% ⇢!⇤ ⇤ % ⇢! &✏% ⇤ ! * ⇢> " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦⇠ ✓  ✓↵ ✓⇧✓ ✓⌃⌥⌥ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ↵✓ ⌥ ⌃⇧⌦✓ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌦ ✓ ⇢!  *⇤⇤ ! *⇤⇠ ⌦⇧ ✓ ⇡✓⌥⌥ ⌫⌦ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ > ' ⌅  ✓↵ ⌃ ⌃⌥⌥⌦⌥ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ↵✓ ⌥ ⌃⇧⌦✓ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⌦⇧ ✓ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵  ⌫ ! *⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣

⌧⌦

⌦ ⌦↵⌦ ⌦

⌦ ⇢ ⌦ I ⌫ ! *  ⇢ ! * % U⌦⌫⌫ ! ⇢> ⇢> ⌦ ! ⇥ .⇤ ⌅ ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣ ⌃ ⌃⌥⌥⌦⌥ ⌃⌥⇣⇧ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃⇧ ⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ↵✓ ⌥ ⌃⇧⌦✓ ⌦ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵ ⌦⇧ ◆ ⇥ ⇥ ⇥  ⇢ ⌦ ⌦ ⇢  ⌦ ⌦ ⇢ ⌦ ⇢  !  >⇤ >⇤ ! % ⌦ !* ⇢> ⇢> ⇢> ⇢> ⌦ ⇤

⌦ ⇤

✏⇣⌘ ↵

2⇤ " ⌦ ⇧⇣⇧⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ✓⇧ ✏⇣ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⌃ ⌦ $

⌦ ⌫⌫



⇣⇧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣ ! ⌥$⌫

⌦ ⌫

!

⌦ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧ ⌦⇧↵⇣ ⇣

⌦ 9⌃ ⌃⇧

+H +⌥⌦ +⌥

⌦ & ! ⇥ .⇤ ⌅ ⌦ 9⌃ ⌃⇧ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡⌦ ⌦ ⌦ =⌦⌧✓ 9✓⌧✓ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧ ⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃ ↵⌦ ⌘⇣ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ ⇣⇧ ✓ ⌦⇧ ⌦ ⇧⇣⇧⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ✓⇧ ✏⇣ ⇣⇧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ⌦⇧↵⇣ ⇡⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌫⌦ $

⌫⌫F

! ⌥$⌫

⌫F

!

⇥ 

#F⌦

⌦ ⇤

+H +⌥⌦ +⌥

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ #FI ⇤ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✓✏ " ⌦ ↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ $ ⌫⌫F ! ⌥$ ⌫F⌫ ⇠ ⇡ ✓✏ ↵ ✓⌥⌥ ⇣⌥⌘↵ ⇣ ↵⌦ ⌘⇣ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏↵⇠ ⇡⇣ ⌥⌘ ⌦⇧ ✓ ⌥ ⌃ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ⌦⇧↵⇣ ✓↵ ⌃✏ ⌃⌥⌥ D⌦ ⇣ ⌫⌦ ✏⌃ ↵⌦ $ ⌫F⌫ ! *⇤⇠ ⌦⌃⇧✓⇧ ⌃ ⌦ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧ ⌦⇧↵⇣ ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣ D⌦ ⇣ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ 9⌃ ⌃⇧ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ D⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ✓ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⌫⌦ ⌦ =⌦⌧✓ 9✓⌧✓ ⌃ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌃⇧ ↵⌦ ⌘⇣ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌃⌦⇧↵

✓

⇥⇤ =⌦ ⌅ ⌫⌦ ⌃ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⇥ ⇥ " ⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⌃ ⌦ ⇣ #⇤ ✓↵ ⌦ ↵✓ ⇧⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ 5 ⌃⌘ ⌃ ✓✏ ⇣ O⇤ ,⇤ ! #⇤ , ,⇤ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⇣⇧ ⌫⇤ ⇥ " ✓↵ 5 ⌃⌘ ⌃ ✓✏ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ⌦⌘ ✓⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌥ # ⇥ ⇧ ⇥ ⌫ ⌃ ⌃ ✓ ⌥⇤ ! #⌦ ⌥⇤⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌦↵ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌃ ✓ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌥⇠ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌃ ✓ ↵ ⌦✓ ⌦⇧⌧⌃⌥ ⌦↵ ⌃ ⌦ ⌃⌥↵⇣ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌥ ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘⇠ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ⇣⇣ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ✏ ⌃ ⌃✏ ⌦ ✓↵ ✓✏ ⇣⌥ ⇧⇣ ✓⌃⌥ ⇣ ⌥⇤⇠ ⇡ ⇣↵⌦ ✏⇣⌦G✏✓⌦⇧ ↵ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌦↵ ⇣ ⌥⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌦ ⌦✓ ⌦⇧⌧⌃⌥ ⌦↵ ⇣ ⌥⇤ ✏⌃⇧ ⇧⌦⌧⌦ ⌫⌦ D⌦ ⇣ ⌃↵ # ✓↵ ⇧⇣⇧⌘⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃ ⌦⇠ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌃ ⌥⇤ ✓↵ ✓⇧⌧⌦ ✓⌫⌥⌦⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌦⌘⇠ ⌦✓ ↵✓ ⇧↵ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ✏ ⌃⇧ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⌦ ⌦↵ ⌥ ⇣⌥⌥⇣⇡↵ ⇤ ⌃⇤ ⌅⇧ ⌃⇧ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦ ↵ ↵ ⌦ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ $⌦ ⌥

⇤

# ! >"  $FI ⌥

⇤

#FI ! >"FI

P R ! * ⇥ .⇤ 0 ⌥ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⌫ ⌦ ✓⇧⌧⌦ ↵⌦ ⇣ ⌃ ✓ ⇠ # FI ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵ ✓⇧ ⇣⌧⌦ P ⌃⇧⌘ R ✓⌦⌥⌘↵ ⇤⌥

⇤

⌘ 2 ! >"

⇥ 

F⇧I ⌫

FI

# FI  ⇤ ! ⌥>"

⇥ 

#FI FI

F⇧I ⌫

" ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ &✓⇧↵ ⌦✓⇧T↵ ◆⌦⌥⌘ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⇡ ✓ ⌦⇧ ⌃↵ $⌦ ! >" ⌥ 2" ⌦

⇥ 

F⇧I ⌫

# FI FI

# ! >"⌫

⌦

⌦ ✓✏

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⌫⇤ )⌦ ⇢ ↵

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌃⌧⌦ ⇣ ⇧⇣ ✓✏⌦ ⇥ 

F⇧I ⌫

⌅↵⌅

⌃ ⇠ ↵✓⇧✏⌦ R ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇧✓ ⇠

#FI FI ! L R R ! ⌥L

.⇤ =⌦ ⇥ #⇤ ⌫⌦ ⌦ 0✓⇧$⇣⇡↵$✓ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌦✓ ⌦ ↵✓⇣⇧ ⌧ # ⇥ ⇧ ✓ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⌧ ⌥⇤ ⌥ ⌥⇥ ⇤ ! ⌥⇤ ⌥⇤ ⌥ ⌥⇥ ⇤ " ⌦⇧⇠ ⇣ ⌃⇧ ⇥ ⌃⇧⌘ , ! , ⇤ , , ⇥ ⇤ . ! . ⇤ . . ⇥ ⇤ ⌅ ⌫⇤ ⇥ ⇠ ⌧ ⌃ # ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫ ⌧ ⌃ #⇤⇤ , .⇤ ! #

⇤⌧

!#

⇤⌧

⌥

⇢⌧ ⇤⇤ , ⇢⌧ ⇤⇤ .⇤ , ⇤ , ⇤ , , ⇥ ⇤ .⇤ .⇤ . .⇥ ⇤

! , . % , ⇥ .⇥ ⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ⌃ ↵⌦ ⌘⇣ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ ⇣⇧ ⇥ ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘⇠ ⌃$✓⇧ = ! ⇥ * *⇤ ⌫⇤ ⇥ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌧ ⌃ #⇤⇤ , .⇤ ! * ⇣ ⌦⌧⌦ . ⌫⇤ ⇥ 2⇤ " ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦⇧ ⌃↵ ✓⇧ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ . . 7 ✓⇧ 9 ⌃ ⌦ . ↵ ⇣⇡↵ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⇣⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ✓⇧ ↵ ✓↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⌃⌥ ⇣⇢⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌫ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣⌧⌃ ✓⌃⇧ ⌘⌦ ✓⌧⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ 0✓⇧$⇣⇡↵$✓ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ⇥◆⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦⇠ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ⇣ ⌅ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌘✓ ⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⇧✓ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ , ⌘ ⌫⇤ ↵ ! ⇥⌅⇤ ✏⌃⇧ ⌫⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ⌃ ✏⌥⌦⇧ ⌃↵ $

>⇤ ! ⌅ ✏⇣↵ > % , ↵✓⇧ >

✓ ✓↵ ⌦⌃↵ ⇣ ✏ ⌦✏$ ⌃ *⇤ ! ⌅⇠ I *⇤ ! , ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ I ⌃ ! ⇥⇠ ✓ ⌥ ✓⇧ ⇣ 1 I ! ⇤ ⇣7 I I ! *⇤ ⌅⇧ ⌃ ✓✏ ⌥⌃ ⇠ ↵ ✓↵ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏⌃⌥⌥ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦ 8⌦ ✓⇧ , ⇡⇤ #! , ✏⇣↵ ⇡ % . ↵✓⇧ ⇡ ⌫⇤ ↵ ⇠ ⇡✓ . ⇣ ⇣ ⇣⇧⌃⌥ ⇣ , ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃.⌃ ! ⇥⇠ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦ ⌦ K⌃✏⇣⌫✓ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ◆⌦⌥⌘ + ⌦ ⇤ >, ⇡⇤⇤⌥⇤⌃⇧ +⇡ ✏ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ 2 > 7 ✓⇧ 9 ⌃ ⌦ .⇤ " ⌦⇧ 6 >⇤ !

+ >⇤ +⇡ $ ⌧ ⌥⇤⌃⇧ + ⌅ ✏⇣↵ > % , ✏⇣↵ ⇡ % . ↵✓⇧ ⇡⇤ ↵✓⇧ >⇤⌥⇤⌃⇧ ! +⇡ ! . ↵✓⇧ >

6 >⇤ !

⌃⇧⌘⇠ 6 ✓↵ ⌃ ↵⇣⌥ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣

6 ! $ I 6 ⇤I ⇢> ✏ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ 2 > 7 ✓⇧ 9 ⌃ ⌦ .⇤⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ $ I 6 ⇤I ! 6

⌦ K⌃✏⇣⌫✓ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧

✏⇣⌘ ↵

9⇣⇧↵⌦5 ⌦⇧ ⌥ ⇠ M #! ⌥

⇠

⌦ ↵⌦✏ ✓⇣⇧⌃⌥ ✏ ⌧⌃

$⇤ I 6 I 6 ⇤ ⌃ I⌃ ⌃6 ⌃ ⌥ I 6

⌦ ✓↵ ✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

!⌥

$ I 6 ⇤I 6 ⌃6 ⌃

⌃↵ ⌃ I⌃ ! ⇥⇠ I 6 ! * ⌃⇧⌘ 6 6 ⌃ ⌫✓ ⌃ ⇡✓ , . ⇧✓ ⌃ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ '⇤ ⌃⇤ ?⇧ ⇣⇧⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦

⇡ ✓⌥⌦ ⇣⇧ ⇣

⇣⌥ ⇣ ⇣

! ✏⇤ ⌅ ✓

; *⇤ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌅⇠ , ⌃⇧⌘ . ⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⇣⇧⌃⌥⇤⇠ ⇡⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ↵

! I 1 I ⌥ I I 1! 1

⌦ ⌃✏ 1 I !

⇢ ⇢J !

6 6 ! ⌥⇥ ⌃6 ⌃

⇣ ⇢⇣ ! !1 ⇢J ⇢J ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘

! ⇥ % > ✏⇣↵ ! ⌥ ⇥⇤ > ↵✓⇧ !⇤

⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⇣ > A* ⇥B " ⌦↵⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦↵ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌃ ⌦ ✓ ⌦ ⌥✓$⌦ ↵✓⇧✏⌦

⇤ ⇤ ! ⌥ ✏⇣↵ ! ⌥ ! E *

⌦ ⇣✓⇧

*⇤ ⇣

!⇤

⌫

⌅⇧⌃⌥

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

⇣ ! ; * ⌅⇧⌘⌦⌦⌘ ✓↵  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ✓↵ ✏⇣⇧✏⌃⌧⌦ ⌘⇣⇡⇧ ⇡✓ ⌃ ✓ ⌧⌃⌥ ⌦ * ⌃ ! ! * +✓⇧⌃⌥⌥ ⇠ ⌦ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ⌦ ⌦↵⌦⇧ ⌦⌘ ⌫ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ⇧✓⇣ ✏✓ ✏ ⌥⌃ ⇣ ✓⇣⇧ ⌃ ⌦ ↵ ⌦⌦⌘ ⇣ ⌥✓ 2⇤ "⌃$⌦ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⌃ ⇣ ⇧⌘ ⌦⌃✏ ⇣✓⇧ ⌅ M #! ↵ * , ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ✓ ⇠ ⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⇣ ⌦ ✏⇣ ⇣⇧⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣ #' ✓⇧ ⌦↵⌦ ✏⇣⇣ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵⇠ #FI % -*FI ⇤⇠ ⌃↵ ⇣⇧⌦ ⇧⌦ ⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⌦ ⇣↵✓ ✓⌧⌦ ⌦✓ ⌦⇧⌧⌃⌥ ⌦↵ ⇣ ⌥-⇤ -⇤ ⇤ ✓⇧ ↵⇣ ⌦ ⇧⌦✓ ⌫⇣ ⇣⇣⌘ ⇤ ⇣ ⌅ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇥ ⇤ ⇤⇤⇤B ✓↵ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ✏⇣⌧⌦ ⇣ M⇠ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃$⌦ ⌃ ◆⇧✓ ⌦ ↵ ⌫✏⇣⌧⌦ ⇥ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⌅ -⌫ ! ✓⇧⇥-⇤ -⇤ ⇤⇠ ⌦⇧ ✓ ✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌃ #' ✓↵ ⌃ =⇣ ⌦⇧ D✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ ⇣ ⌃-⌃ E -⌫ =⌦ ! # ⇥ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⌃ ⌥⇣⌫⌃⌥ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ # 8✓⇧✏⌦ M ✓↵ ✏⇣ ⌃✏ ⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⇣⇧ M #

⌃⌘ !

⇣ ↵⇣ ⌦ I ; * 9⇣⇧↵✓⌘⌦ ⌧ - ⌅⇤ ! #'

⌃⌘ !⇤ ⌧ ⌥I ⌦

⌃ ⌧ # ⌥-⌫ -⌫ ⇤ ⌦ M ⇧ ✏ ⌃⌘' !⇤⇤ ⌃⌘' !⇤⇤

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ⌃⌘' ✓↵ ⌦ ⌃⌘✓⌦⇧ ⇡✓ ⌦↵ ⌦✏ ✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ✏⇣⇧ ✓⇧ ⇣ ↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵

⇣

⌦

✓⌧⌦⇧ ⌫

⌦ ✓✏ #' " ✓↵

⌃

⌧ * ⌅⇤ ⌧ ⌥I ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌅

M " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦

⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ↵ -⇤

N -⌫ ⇤ ↵ ✏

⌃

⌧ - ⌅⇤ E * ⇣ ⌃-⌃ E -⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌅ M )⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⌃-⌃ E -⇤ ⌦⇧ ! ✓↵ ↵ ✓⌥⌥ ⌃ ⌥⇣⌫⌃⌥ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ #' ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇥ #' ⇤ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵ ⌦ ✏ ⇣⇧⇣⌥⇣ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧ '⇤ =⌦ " # ⇧ ⇥ ⌫⌦ ⌦ 5 ⇣ ✓⌦⇧ ⌃ 6⇧ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓⇧ ⇥ ✓↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ " ⇠ ⇡ ⌦ ⌦ >⇤ ! ! >⇤ ⌥ >⇤⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓⇧ 0✓⇧$⇣⇡↵$✓ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓⇣⇧⌃⌥ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌦ 6↵↵ ✓⇧ ⇠ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⇠ ⌃ ✓↵ ✏ ⌧⌦ ✓↵  ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ✓⇧ ⇠ ✓ ⌦ !I >⇤ ; *⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌥!I >⇤ % ⌥I >⇤ E * ' !I >⇤ ; ⌃⌥I >⇤⌃ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⌃⇧

⇡⇣ ⇣✓⇧ ↵ ⌅

⇣⇧

⇡✓

⌥I >⇤

' ◆ ⌅⇤ ↵⌃ ✓↵

! ⇤ ⌥ ! ⌅⇤ ; ⌥ ⇤ ⌥ ⌥ ⌅⇤ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ⌅ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌫ ⌃ ⌧⌦✏ ⇣ ⇣ ⌦ ⇣ ⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ " ⇧⌦⌧⌦ ⌦ ⇧↵ ⇣ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ )⌦ ✏⇣⇧✏⌥ ⌘⌦ ⌃ ⇥ #⇤ ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ⌃⌘ ✓ ✏⌥⇣↵⌦⌘ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦↵ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵ ↵⌃ ✓↵◆⌦↵ ⌦ ✏ ⇣⇧⇣⌥⇣ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧ ?⇧ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌃⇧⌘⇠ ⌥⌦ * ! ⌥) ⇢! ! ⇢!

✏⇣⌘ ↵

⇡ ⌦ ⌦ ) ✓↵ ⌃ ⇧⇣⇧⇧⌦ ⌃ ✓⌧⌦ ↵ ⇣⇣  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡✓ ⇡ ✓✏ ✓↵ ✓⌘⌦⇧ ✓✏⌃⌥⌥ ⇥ ⇣⇧ " A* ⇥B ⌦ A* ⇥B⇤ " ⌦⇧ >⇤ ! > >⇤⇠ ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✓✏

⇤

✏⇣ ⌃✏ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦ " ⇠ ⇡✓

#' #! # % -* ! ⌥ ⇥ % -)⇤⇢! ! ⇢! % ⇢⌥ ! ⇢⌥ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ↵ ⌦ ⇣✓⇧ ↵ * *⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥ ⇥⇤ ✓⇧ ✓↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌧⌃⌥⇠ " ✓↵ ⌃ ✏⌥⇣↵⌦⌘ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦⇠ ⌦⌃⇧✓⇧ ⌃ ⇥ #' ⇤ ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ↵⌃ ✓↵ ⌦ ✏ ⇣⇧⇣⌥⇣ ✏⇣⇧⌘✓ ✓⇣⇧ 7⇤ ⌃⇤ " ✓⌧✓⌃⌥ ⌫⇤ "⌃$✓⇧ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦ ⇤ ! ⇥*⇤ ⌦ A⌥⇥ ⇥B ✓⇧ 0✓⇧$⇣⇡↵$✓ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧↵✓ ◆ ⇤⇤ ✓↵ ⇣⇧⌃⌥ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ✏⌥⇣↵⌦⌘ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ⇡✓ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ * ⌥⇥⇤⇠ * ⇥⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥ *⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ✏⇤ "⌃$✓⇧ ⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦ ⇤ ! ⇥*⇤ ⌦ ⌥⇥ ⇥⇤ ✓⇧ 0✓⇧$⇣⇡↵$✓ ⌘✓ ⌦⇧ ◆ ⇤⇤ ✓↵ ↵✓⇣⇧⌃⌥ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌦⇠ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃ ⌦ ⇧✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⇤ ⇡✓ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⇧ ⌥⌦ ⇡✓ ⌧⌦ ✓✏⌦↵ * ⌥⇥⇤⇠ * ⇥⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇥ *⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ✏⌥⇣↵⌦⌘ (⇤ ⌃⇤ " ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ! # ⇥ ⇧ ✓↵ ⌃ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ⇥ #⇤ ✓↵ ↵ ⌃⌫⌥ ✏⌃ ↵⌃⌥ ⌫⇤ +⇣ ✓⇧↵ ⌃⇧✏⌦⇠ ⌅ ! ⌥⇥ *⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ! ⇥ *⇤ ✏⇤ 6 ⌃✓⇧ ⌅ ! ⌥⇥ *⇤ ⌃⇧⌘ ! ⇥ *⇤ " ⌦ ⌥⌦⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⌫ ⇣$⌦⇧ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏↵ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇧ ⌅ ⇣ 0 ! * ⌥-⇤ ⇣ ⇡✓ - ; *⇤ ✓↵ J' !

⇥⌥-

⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ✓ ✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌃ ⌦↵ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦ ⌥⌦⇧ ↵ ⇣ ✓ ⌦ ⌥✓$⌦ ✏ ⌧⌦↵ ✏⇣⇧⇧⌦✏ ✓⇧ ⌅ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦⌃ ⌦ ⇣ ⌦5 ⌃⌥ ⌃⇧ ✓↵ ⌥⇣⌫⌃⌥⌥ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ *!

⇥

⇢0 ! ⇢0 %

0 ⌥

⇢/ ! ⇢/ % ↵✓⇧ / ⇢⇧ ! ⇢⇧ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏ ✓ ⌃⇧⌘ ⇣⇧⌥ ✓

⌦

⇢/ ! ⇢/ % ↵✓⇧ / ⇢⇧ ! ⇢⇧

✓↵ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇤ ✓↵ ✏⇣ ⌃✏ ⇠ ⇡⌦ $⇧⇣⇡  ⇣ ⌦ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥ ⌦⇣ ⇣ ⌘✓;⌦ ⌦⇧ ✓⌃⌥ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧↵ ⌃ ✓ ⌃ ↵⇣⌥ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏ ⌦5 ⌃ ✓⇣⇧ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌫⌥⇣⇡↵ ⌦⇧ ⌦✓ ⌦ 0 ⇧ ( ⇣ 0 ⇧ %✓ ✓⇧ ◆⇧✓ ⌦ ⌃ ✏⌥⌦⇧ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⇣ 0⌫ ; ( # ⇧ # ⇧ ⇢0 0⇢0 ! ! %✓ 0⌥ ( ⌃⇧⌘ #

◆ ⇧

⇢0

!

#

◆ ⇧

0⇢0 ! %✓ 0⌥ (

✓↵ ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⇣✏✏ ⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ * ✓↵ ⌦⇣⌘⌦↵✓✏⌃⌥⌥ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦ ⌘⇤ " ⌦ ⌦ ✓⇣⇧ 0 E ( ⇣ ⌦ 8✏ ⇡⌃ D↵✏ ✓⌥⌘ ↵ ⌃✏⌦ ✓ ⌦ ✏⇣ ⌦↵ ⇣⇧⌘↵ ⇣ ⌦ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌥ ⇥ # ! ⌥ ⇢0 ! ⇢0 % ⇢! ! ⇢! % 0 ⇢/ ! ⇢/ % ↵✓⇧ / ⇢⇧ ! ⇢⇧ ⇡ ⌦⌦

( ⌥⇥;* 0 # ' ⇧ ⇥ ⌫⌦ ⌃⇧ ✓⇧⌦ ⌦⇧⌘✓⌫⌥⌦ ✏⌃ ↵⌃⌥ ✏ ⌧⌦⇠ ⇡ ✓✏ ⇡⌦ ⌃↵↵ ⌦ ⇡✓ ⇣ ⌥⇣↵↵ ⇣ ⌦⇧⌦ ⌃⌥✓ ⇣ ⌫⌦ ⌃ ⌃ ⌦ ⌦ ✓D⌦⌘ ⌫ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ 0⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ✏ ⇣⇣↵⌦ 0⌫ ' * (⇤ ⌅⇧ ⌥⇣✏⌃⌥ ⌘✓⇧⌃ ⌦↵ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ 0⇤ ! 0 ! 0⇤ / 0⇤ ⇧ 0⇤⇤ ⌅ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ↵ !

=⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌦ ✏⇣⇣

✓

⌅⇧⌃⌥

-;*↵ ✏

⌃

⇧⌦⌅

⇧ ↵ ↵

⌅↵⌅

0⇤ ; - ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ 0

' ⌦⇧ ⇣ 0 ; 0⌫ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ✏ ⇥ ⌥ % !I % 0 /I % ↵✓⇧ / ⇧I ⌧ * ' ✏ ⇥ -!I % 0⌫ /I % ↵✓⇧ / ⇧I ⌧ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌦ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ ⌥ * ! -⇢! ! ⇢! % 0⌫ ⇢/ ! ⇢/ % ↵✓⇧ / ⇢⇧ ! ⇢⇧

✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦⇠ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦⇧ ⌃↵ ✓⇧ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ > ↵ ⇣⇡↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ⇧⇣  ⌦ ✓⇧⌦ ⌦⇧⌘✓⌫⌥⌦ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ' 0⌫ (⇤ ! 0⌫ (⇤ 6⇧⌃⌥⇣ ⇣ ↵⌥ ⇠ ✓ ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ ✓↵ ↵ - ; * ↵ ✏ ⌃ 0 ; - ⇣ ⌃⌥⌥ 0 ' ⌦⇧ ⇣ 0 E 0⌫ ⇡⌦ ⌃⌧⌦ ✏ ⇥ ⌥ % !I % 0 /I % ↵✓⇧ / ⇧I ⌧ * ' ⇥ ⇥⇥⇤ ✏ ( ( I I ⌥ ⇥ ! % - / % ↵✓⇧ / ⇧I ⌧ ⌥⇥ 0⌫ 0⌫

8✓⇧✏⌦

⌦ R✓⌦ ⌃⇧⇧✓⌃⇧ ⌦ ✓✏ ⇥ ⌥ ( *! ⌥ ⇥ ⇢! ! ⇢! % - ⇢/ ! ⇢/ % ↵✓⇧ / ⇢⇧ ! ⇢⇧ 0⌫

✓↵ ✏⌥⌦⌃ ⌥ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦⇠ ⌦ ↵⌃ ⌦ ⌃ ⌦⇧ ⌃↵ ✓⇧ & ⌦ ✏✓↵⌦ > ↵ ⇣⇡↵ ⌃ ✓↵ ⇧⇣ ⌃↵ ✓⇧⌦ ⌦⇧⌘✓⌫⌥⌦ " ⌦ ⌦⇣ ⌦ ' * 0⌫ ⇤ ! * 0⌫ ⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ⌦⇧✏⌦ ✓⇧ ⌦ ↵⌦✏ ↵ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌥⌦⌧⌦⌥ ↵⌦ ↵ ⇣ 0 ⇥*⇤ =⌦ ! # ⇥ ⇧ ⌫⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡ ⇣↵⌦ ⌥⌦⌧⌦⌥ ↵⌦ ↵ ⌃ ⌦ 9⌃ ✏ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵ 8✓⇧✏⌦ ⌃⌘ ! ⌘⇣⌦↵ ⇧⇣ ⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ⇠ ! ✏⌃⇧⇧⇣ ⌃⌧⌦ ⌃ ✓ ⌃ ⇣ ✓⇧✓ ⌃⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ✓ ↵ ⌃⇧ ⌦ ↵ ⌫⌦ ⌃⇧ ⇣ ⌦⇧ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌧⌃⌥ ' ⌅ ⌧ # ' ⇧ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌘✓;⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓↵ ⌦⇧ ⌧ ! ✓↵ ⌃⌥↵⇣ ⌃ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ⇡ ⇣↵⌦ ⌥⌦⌧⌦⌥ ↵⌦ ↵ ⌃ ⌦ 9⌃ ✏ ↵ ⌃✏⌦↵⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵⇣ ⇡⌦ ✏⌃⇧ ⌃↵↵ ⌦ ' ! :⌦◆⇧⌦ ⌃⌘ ! 5 #! ⌃⌘ ! ⌃⌘ ! ↵⇣ ⌃ 5 ⌘ ! ! 5 ⌃⌘ ! ! ⇥ 8✓⇧✏⌦ 5 ✓↵ ✓ ⌦⌥✓$⌦⇠ ✓ ↵ ✓⇧ ⌦ ⌃⌥ ✏ ⌧⌦↵ ↵ ✏ ⇣↵↵ ⌃⌥⌥ ⌥⌦⌧⌦⌥ ↵⌦ ↵ ⇣ ⌦ ✓ ⌦  ⇧✏ ✓⇣⇧ ! ⌃↵ ⇥ #⇤ ✓↵ ⌥⇣⌫⌃⌥⌥ ⌦ ⌫⇣⌥✓✏⇤⇠ ⌃⇧⌘ ↵5 ✓↵ ✏⇣ ⌥⌦ ⌦ ⌅  ✓↵ ⌦ M⇣⇡ ⇣ 5 ⌦⇧ ✓ ✓↵ ⌦⌃↵ ⇣ ✏ ⌦✏$ ⌃ # ⌦ ⇤ ⇧ ⇥ ⌘⌦◆⇧⌦⌘ ⌫ ! ⌅⇤ !  ⌅⇤ ✓↵ ⌃ ⌘✓;⌦⇣ ⇣ ✓↵

⌃⌦⇧↵ ⇥⇤ " ⌦ ⇣⇧⌥ ⇧⇣⇧ ⌧⌃⇧✓↵ ✓⇧ 9 ✓↵ ⇣;⌦⌥ ↵ U%%% ! ⌥

= = %,

⌃⇧⌘

⌫⇣⌥↵ ⇣⇧ ⇥ #⇤ ⌃ ⌦

U$$$ ! ⌥

, = %,

✏⇣⌘ ↵