An analysis of a class of high school girls of low mental ability
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AN ANALYSIS OF A CLASS OF HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS OF LOW MENTAL ABILITY
A P ro je c t P r e s e n te d t o t h e F a c u l t y o f t h e D e p a rtm e n t o f E d u c a tio n U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a
In P a r t i a l F u lfillm e n t o f t h e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r t h e D eg ree M a s te r o f S c ie n c e
by L u c i l l e C a r o lin e Lucy J a n u a r y 1950
UMI Number: EP45944
All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
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T h is p r o j e c t repo rt, w ri t te n un der the direction of the candidate’s a dv is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by him, has been p r es e nt e d to a n d a c c e p te d by the F ac u lt y of the S c h o o l o f E d u c a ti o n in p a r t i a l fu lfi llm en t of the requirements f o r the de gr e e of M a s t e r of Science in E ducation.
Da
..... .................................
Adviser
Dean
TABUS OP CONTENTS
IHb INTRODUCTION. . . -................................ . .
1
The p ro b le m . . . . . . . . . . .
3
S ta te m e n t ©f th e p ro b le m . . . .
3
Im p o rta n c e o f t h e s tu d y . . . .
3
M ethods u s e d i n s tu d y i n g t h e s p e c ia l g i r l s
. . .............................
3
M ethod o f s e l e c t i o n . . . . . .
3
F ie ld s o f ap p ro ac h . . . . . . .
4
T e c h n iq u e s em ployed t o d e te r m in e th e g i r l s ' n e e d s. • • • . . . THE CASE OF JEAN. . . .
........................
4 6
I n f o r m a tio n . . . . . . . . . . .
6
D ia g n o s is . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
R ecom m endations . . . . . . . . .
14
S c h o o l......................................
14
Home........................ ....
14
THE CASE OF BARBARA . . .
....................
15
I n f o r m a t io n . . . . . . . . . . .
15
D ia g n o s is
.................... . . . . . .
21
R ecom m endations . . . . . . . . .
22
School. . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
li m Home• - • • • •
22
THE CASE OP SHARON
23
I n f o r m a tio n • .
23
D ia g n o s is . • •
29
Re com m endatIons
30
School. . . .
30
Home...................
31
THE CASE OP MAE .
32
I n f o r m a tio n • .
32
D ia g n o s is • . .
41
R ecom m endations
43
S c h o o l. . . .
43
Home. . . . .
43
THE CASE OP DIANE
44
I n f o r m a tio n . .
44
D ia g n o s is . . .
51
Re comraendat io n s
52
School. . . .
52
Home* . . . .
52
THE CASE OP FLORA
53
I n f o r m a tio n . .
53
D ia g n o s is . . .
59
R ecom m endations
60
H i CHAPTER
PAGE .......................
S c h o o l. Home. . V III.
60
.............................................................
THE CASE OF HADEAN.
60
............................
61
I n fo r m a t i o n ..............................................................
61
D ia g n o s is
68
R ecom m endations .................... . . . . . . .
68
S c h o o l. • • * • • • • • •
•
69
Home....................... IX .
68
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................
70
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
70
R ecom m endations . . . . .
71
.............................
S c h o o l........................................................
71
Home.......................
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
.......................
APPENDIX............................
74 76
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION D a rin g t h e p a s t d e c a d e , t h e s e h o o ls o f C a l i f o r n i a h av e b e e n f a e e d w i t h t h e p ro b le m s o f a g ro w in g h e t e r o g e n e o u s p o p u la tio n *
The m ass, m i g r a t i o n o f f a m i l i e s fro m a l l
p a r t s o f t h e c o u n tr y d u r in g W orld War I I h a s b r o u g h t a b o u t t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r th e e x p a n d in g and t h e r e v i s i o n o f th e c u r r i c u l a o f th e s c h o o l s .
M ost o f th e f a m i l i e s t h a t came
d u r in g t h i s p e r i o d w o rk ed I n w a r p l a n t s .
P a r t i a l l y , th r o u g h
th e l a c k o f s e c u r i t y o f t h e c h i l d r e n a s a r e s u l t o f m oving t o a d i f f e r e n t p a r t o f th e c o u n t r y , th e d i v e r s i t y o f e d u c a t i o n a l law s o f t h e v a r i o u s s t a t e s , an d s o c i e t y ’s i n s i s t e n c e f o r a w id e r o f f e r i n g o f e d u c a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s , t h e c h i l d r e n fro m t h e s e homes a p p e a r t o r e q u i r e a d i f f e r e n t ty p e o f e d u c a ti o n fro m t h a t w h ic h th e C a l i f o r n i a s c h o o ls h a v e f o r m e rly o f f e r e d . C e r t a i n l o c a l i t i e s , s u c h a s t h a t a t O p p o rtu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a , a r e f a c e d w i t h t h e p ro b le m o f c o m p le te ly r e v i s i n g t h e i r c u r r i c u l a t o m eet t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r t h r i v i n g c o m m u n itie s .
I n o r d e r t o m eet t h e s ta n d a r d s
o f t h e v a r io u s g r o u p s o f O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, th e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s an d t h e t e a c h e r s h a v e r e c o g n iz e d t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r d e v e lo p in g a p ro g ra m w h ic h w i l l f u l f i l l t h i s p u rp o se.
2
H e r e t o f o r e , O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l h a s b e e n a t r a d i t i o n a l ty p e o f s c h o o l, w ith t h e e m p h a sis p la c e d on p r e p a rin g i t s s tu d e n ts f o r c o lle g e .
A t th e p r e s e n t , th e
m a j o r i t y o f t h e s t u d e n t s who a t t e n d a r e n o t i n t e r e s t e d i n f u r t h e r i n g t h e i r a c a d e m ic e d u c a t i o n .
M ost o f t h e s t u d e n t s
who g r a d u a t e w i l l e i t h e r g o t o a t r a d e s c h o o l o r w i l l b e come p a r t o f th e u n s k i l l e d l a b o r g r o u p .
B ecau se o f t h e
C a l i f o r n i a c o m p u lso ry s c h o o l law w h ic h s t a t e s t h a t a b o y o r a g i r l m u st a t t e n d s c h o o l u n t i l he e i t h e r r e a c h e s t h e age o f e i g h t e e n o r g r a d u a t e s , i t becom es n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e s c h o o l t o p r o v id e c l a s s e s w h ic h w i l l h o ld t h e i n t e r e s t s an d w i l l a n sw e r t h e n e e d s o f t h e s e p a r t i c u l a r s t u d e n t s . O p p o r tu n ity H igh S c h o o l h a s d e v e lo p e d a p ro g ram d u r in g t h e l a s t few y e a r s w h ic h , w h ile i t
Is s t i l l in th e e x p e ri
m e n ta l s t a g e s , seem s t o b e a s t e p i n th e r i g h t d i r e c t i o n . U sin g t h e p l a n o f hom ogeneous g r o u p in g , i . e . , g r o u p in g a c c o r d in g t o t h e r e s u l t s o f i n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t s , t h e co u n s e l o r s h av e c l a s s i f i e d t h e s e s t u d e n t s i n th e f o llo w in g c a te g o rie s s
s t u d e n t s s c o r i n g 110 o r h i g h e r a r e p la c e d i n
a n “X” c l a s s ; th o s e w i t h s c o r e s o f 95 t o 110 a r e p la c e d i n a By a c l a s s ; and t h e BZM c l a s s i s com posed o f t h o s e s t u d e n t s w hose s c o r e s a r e 95 and b e lo w . b e e n made i n th e *'Ztt g r o u p .
S t i l l a n o th e r d iv is io n h a s
In th e s e c la s s e s th e re i s a
s e p a r a t i o n o f b o y s and g i r l s w i t h a s p e c i a l e m p h a sis p la c e d on t h e i r I n d i v i d u a l n e e d f o r s o c i a l o r m e n ta l a d j u s t m e n t .
The r a n g e o f t h e i n t e l l i g e n c e s c o r e s i s fro m 95 t o 70 I.
THE PROBLEM
S ta te m e n t o f t h e p ro b le m . s tu d y t o
a s c e r t a i n th e
g ro u p o f
g i r l s fro m th e
I t was t h e p u rp o s e o f t h i s
s o c i a l and e d u c a t i o n a l n e e d s o f a nZ“ c l a s s o f O p p o r tu n ity H ig h
S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a . Im p o rta n c e o f t h e s t u d y .
The t e a c h e r o f t h i s g ro u p
m ust become a c q u a in te d w i t h a s many f a c t s a s p o s s i b l e con c e r n i n g t h e s e s p e c i a l g i r l s , s o t h a t sh e w i l l be b e t t e r a b le t o g u id e th em i n s o lv i n g t h e i r i n d i v i d u a l p r o b le m s . I I . METHODS USEDIN STUDYING THE SPECIAL GIRLS The I n v e s t i g a t i o n s e le c te d g i r l s
t o b e made w i l l c o n c e rn a g ro u p o f
in th e e le v e n th g ra d e .
T h ese g i r l s ra n g e
I n I n t e l l i g e n c e Q u o tie n ts fro m 77 t o 1 0 1 , and i n c h ro n o l o g i c a l age fro m 16 t o 1 7 . M ethod o f s e l e c t i o n .
The s e l e c t i o n o f th e g i r l s t o
b e s t u d i e d was made by th e i n v e s t i g a t o r i n t h r e e s t e p s : (1 ) c o n s u l t a t i o n w ith th e g i r l s ' c o u n s e lo r s t o d e te r m in e th e r e a s o n e a c h g i r l was p la c e d I n t h e s p e c i a l c l a s s , o b s e rv a tio n o f th e g i r l s
(2 )
i n a c la s s r o o m s i t u a t i o n t o d e
te r m in e t h e i r s t a t u s i n t h e g r o u p , an d (3 ) a p e r s o n a l i n te r v i e w w ith t h e i n d i v i d u a l g i r l t o d e te r m in e h e r w i l l i n g n e s s t o ta k e p a r t i n th e s t u d y .
4 F ie I d s o f a p p r o a c h .
The f o llo w in g p h a s e s o f e a c h
g i r l ’s l i f e w i l l h e s t u d i e d i n o r d e r t o d e f i n e h e r s p e c i f i c n eed s:
(1 ) s o c i a l ,
(2 ) e m o tio n a l, (3 ) m e n ta l , and
(4 ) p h y s i c a l . T e c h n iq u e s em p lo y ed t o d e te r m in e th e g i r l s ’ n e e d s . The c a s e s tu d y w i l l h e u s e d t o in f o r m t h e i n q u i r e r o f th e p r e s e n t s t a t u s and b a c k g ro u n d o f e a c h g i r l .
The f o llo w in g
i s a h r i e f o u t l i n e o f t h e c a s e s tu d y u s e d : I.
I n f o r m a tio n
II.
A.
The C h ild
B.
S chool H is to ry
c.
H e a l t h an d P h y s i c a l H i s t o r y
D.
F a m ily H is to r y
E.
S o c i a l H is to r y
F.
P e rs o n a lity T r a its
G.
S p e c ia l I n te r e s ts
H.
E d u c a tio n a l and V o c a tio n a l I n t e r e s t s
I,
P la n s f o r th e F u tu r e
J.
T e s ts
D ia g n o s is
I I I . R ecom m endations I n o r d e r t o v e r i f y a l l s t a t e m e n t s made p e r t a i n i n g t o th e g i r l s , t h e f o l l o w i n g s o u r c e s o f in f o r m a ti o n w i l l he used:
(1 ) s c h o o l r e c o r d s ,
(2 ) o p in io n s o f l a s t y e a r ’s
5 t e a c h e r s , and (3 ) d i s c u s s i o n s w ith t h e c o u n s e l o r .
The i n
f o r m a tio n c o n c e r n in g th e h e a l t h an d p h y s i c a l s t a t u s o f e a c h g i r l w i l l b e s u p p l i e d b y t h e s c h o o l n u r s e and a q u e s t i o n a l r e an sw e re d b y t h e g i r l . An a u to b io g r a p h y , a p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w , an d a q u e s t i o n a i r e w i l l be t h e m eth o d s u s e d t o p r e s e n t a d d i t i o n a l I n f o r m a t io n i n r e g a r d t o t h e f a m ily and s o c i a l b a c k g ro u n d of t h e g i r l s . The f o llo w in g t e s t s w i l l b e g iv e n t o d e te r m in e th e g i r l s * w e a k n e s s e s s , n e e d s and i n t e r e s t s :
S ta n f o r d A c h ie v e
m ent T e s t o f R e a d in g A b i l i t y , K uder P r e f e r e n c e R e c o rd , O tis I n t e l l i g e n c e , and B e l l A d ju stm e n t I n v e n t o r y . The f i n a l outcom e o f t h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n w i l l be a c o m p ila tio n o f th e n e e d s o f e a e h g i r l an d s u g g e s t i o n s w h ich th e g i r l s m ig h t f o llo w i n s o l v i n g t h e i r p r o b le m s .
CHAPTER I I THE CASE OP JEAN I . INFORMATION J e a n I s s i x t e e n y e a r s o f age and i n t h e e l e v e n t h g r a d e a t O p p o rtu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a . She may b e d e s c r i b e d a s a s m a l l , t h i n , d a r k - h a i r e d g i r l who i s n o t to o p a r t i c u l a r a b o u t h e r c l o t h e s an d p h y s i c a l a p p e aran c e.
She a p p e a r s t o be f i d g e t y an d th e b i t i n g
o f h e r f i n g e r n a i l s s u g g e s ts t h a t sh e i s n e r v o u s . H er r e t a r d a t i o n I n s c h o o l s u b j e c t s i s a p p a r e n t a s shown by t h e s c h o o l r e c o r d s on f i l e o ffic e .
i n t h e c o u n s e l o r 's
The g r a d e s r e c e i v e d b y J e a n i n ac ad e m ic a c h ie v e
m ent i n d i c a t e t h a t s h e i s b elo w th e a v e ra g e s t u d e n t i n In te llig e n c e .
To s u b s t a n t i a t e t h i s s t a t e m e n t , th e O tis
T e s t o f I n t e l l i g e n c e was g iv e n h e r and s h e made a s c o r e o f 9 0 , w h ich i s c o n s id e r e d s l i g h t l y b elo w a v e r a g e . J e a n 's s p e c i a l I n t e r e s t i n s c h o o l I s m u s ic .
She i s
v e r y fo n d o f p la y in g th e v i o l i n and w ould l i k e t o p la y i n th e s c h o o l o r c h e s t r a , an d h a s , u p t o d a t e .
H ow ever, sh e
s a i d t h a t t h e p r e s e n t m u sic t e a c h e r f r i g h t e n e d h e r , s o sh e d o e s n o t w ant t o p a r t i c i p a t e
in t h i s a c t i v i t y t h i s y e a r .
H er m u sic t e a c h e r o f s e v e r a l y e a r s ag o s t a t e d , " J e a n d o e s n o t p o s s e s s r e a l m u s ic a l a b i l i t y .
She h a s m ore i n t e r e s t
th a n t a l e n t i n th e p la y in g o f th e v i o l i n . "
7 A long w ith m u s ic , J e a n h a s a s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t i n a r t * When sh e w as i n h e r e a r l y t e e n s sh e t i n t e d p i c t u r e s f o r a l o c a l p h o to g r a p h e r . c e r a m ic s .
At p r e s e n t sh e i s t a k i n g a c o u r s e i n
A c c o rd in g t o h e r a r t t e a c h e r , sh e i s d o in g v e r y
w e ll* Two y e a r s ag o i n j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l , h e r t e a c h e r made t h i s o b s e rv a tio n : a b ility .
"Jean is e r r a t i c .
She h a s v e r y l i m i t e d
She o f t e n comes t o c l a s s l a t e and m akes e x c u s e s
fo r h er ta rd in e s s . ■when c r i t i c i z e d .
She i s e a s i l y d is c o u r a g e d and d e f i a n t No d e f i a n c e i n s u b j e c t s i n w h ich s h e ca n
a c h ie v e , i . e . m u s ic . b o y s and g i r l s .
I s a c c e p te d by sorae> b u t n o t a l l
D e fia n c e a l s o shown w i t h anyone who su g
g e s t s i n a f r i e n d l y way t h a t s h e d o s o m e th in g ." The g i r l ' s c o u n s e lo r f e l t t h a t J e a n w o u ld d o much b e t t e r i f s h e w ere g iv e n a c h a n c e t o d e v e lo p a s e n s e o f a c h ie v e m e n t, s o sh e w as p la c e d i n t h e s p e c i a l c l a s s w here t h i s m ig h t b e p o s s i b l e * J e a n 's h e a l t h r e c o r d , w h ic h was ta k e n fro m th e f i l e s o f th e s c h o o l n u r s e . a ilm e n ts .
I n d i c a t e s a l a x i t y t o c a r e f o r m in o r
She h a s h a d t r o u b l e w i t h h e r t o n s i l s d u r in g th e
l a s t f o u r y e a r s ; h o w e v e r, a c c o r d in g t o J e a n , n o th in g h a s b e e n done t o h e l p h e r . ite m s s u c h a s :
The n u r s e 's r e c o r d s a l s o l i s t e d
I n s u f f ic ie n t d i e t , s k in d is e a s e , poor e y e s,
c o ld s an d n e e d e d c a r e o f h e r t e e t h . no s e r i o u s i l l n e s s *
A p p a r e n tly sh e h a s h ad
8 H er f a m ily b a c k g ro u n d i s one o f u n h a p p in e s s , a c c o r d in g t o J e a n .
H er f a t h e r i s a m a c h in e s t and a l s o m a in ta in s
a redw ood f u r n i t u r e s h o p .
H er m o th e r, h o w e v e r, h a s f e l t i t
n e c e s s a r y d u r in g th e l a s t f o u r y e a r s t o c l e r k i n a l o c a l d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e .
T h ere a r e f o u r c h i l d r e n a t hom e:
M ary,
age 1 8 , J e a n , ag e 1 6 , H e n ry , age 1 2 , an d Jo Ann, ag e 6* The o l d e s t s i s t e r , M ary, h e l p s t h e f a t h e r i n h i s redw ood sh o p .
W ith th e m o th e r w o rk in g , J e a n i s l e f t a t home t o be
r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e tw o y o u n g e r c h i l d r e n , t h e c l e a n i n g o f th e h o u se and t h e p r e p a r i n g o f t h e m eals . . Many c o n f l i c t s a r i s e b e tw e e n J e a n an d h e r f a t h e r o v e r t h e h o u s e h o ld t a s k s . H e, a c c o r d in g t o J e a n , c o n s t a n t l y c r i t i c i z e s h e r f o r d o in g o r n o t d o in g t h i n g s a c e r t a i n w ay.
H er f a t h e r i s home a
g r e a t d e a l b e c a u s e o f a n I l l n e s s w h ic h a p p a r e n t l y i s a r e s u l t o f th e ty p e o f w ork h e i s d o i n g .
Jean s t a t e s t h a t
when h e s c o ld s h e r f o r s o m e th in g , sh e t r i e s t o rem em ber t h a t h e i s n o t w e ll and t h a t i s p r o b a b ly t h e r e a s o n h e I s d i f f i c u l t to p le a s e .
He o f t e n l o s e s h i s te m p e r w ith h e r ,
p a r t i c u l a r l y when she i s i n t r o u b l e a t s c h o o l* Je a n w is h e s h e r m o th e r w ould n o t w oik s o t h a t sh e m ig h t b e home m o re .
S a id J e a n , "When m o th e r i s hom e,
e v e r y t h i n g g o e s a l l r i g h t and d ad d y i s n ' t mean and f u s s y . " J e a n g e t s a lo n g f i n e w i t h h e r y o u n g e r s i s t e r , Jo Ann, a s s h e f e e l s sh e h a s p r a c t i c a l l y r a i s e d h e r .
T h ere i s
some t r o u b l e b e tw e e n h e r and h e r b r o t h e r , b u t th e m ost
9 s e r i o u s s i t u a t i o n i s b e tw e e n J e a n an d h e r o l d e r s i s t e r , M ary, who i s much more a t t r a c t i v e and who s e e m in g ly p o s s e s s e s m ore a b i l i t y th a n sh e* A c c o rd in g t o J e a n ’ s c o u n s e lo r and fo rm e r t e a c h e r s , t h i s p ro b le m h a s e x i s t e d f o r some tim e *
As one t e a c h e r
s t a t e d , “ J e a n r e s e n t s th e a t t e n t i o n g iv e n t o h e r s i s t e r . 11 On a n o th e r o c c a s io n a t e a c h e r made t h i s com m ent, “ T h ere i s a c o n s t a n t c o m p a riso n made b e tw e e n th e tw o s i s t e r s .
T h is
i s v e r y d i f f i c u l t f o r J e a n as s h e d o e s n o t h a v e t h e same a b i l i t y as h e r s i s t e r . “ lik e h er s is te r ,
When a s k e d i f s h e w a n te d t o b e
J e a n s a i d , “No!
tr u e t o h e r boy f r i e n d s .
She i s c o n c e i t e d an d n o t
She i s th e l a s t p e r s o n I ’d w ant
t o be H k e . " J e a n ’ s c o u n s e lo r i n v e s t i g a t e d t h i s p ro b le m and d i s c o v e re d t h a t t h e m o th e r o f t e n m e n tio n e d t o J e a n t h a t sh e d i d n o t do s o w e l l a s h e r s i s t e r .
Sbe w o u ld b e l i t t l e h e r
f o r t h i s t o th e p o i n t t h a t on s e v e r a l o c c a s io n s when J e a n h a d r e c e i v e d f a i l u r e n o t i c e s , s h e r e f u s e d t o t a k e them home t o show h e r m o th e r f o r f e a r o f t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s . Much o f t h e d i f f i c u l t y a t home i s c a u s e d by J e a n ’s w a n tin g t o go o u t s e v e r a l tim e s a w eek w i t h h e r bqy f r i e n d , whom she p la n s t o m a rry u p o n g r a d u a t i o n fro m h i g h s c h o o l . J e a n s a i d t h a t h e r f a t h e r d o e s n o t b e l i e v e g i r l s s h o u ld h a v e d a t e s u n t i l th e y a r e e i g h t e e n y e a r s o l d .
H ow ever,
10 h e r m o th e r f e e l s I t I s a l l r i g h t a s lo n g a s th e y d o n ’t s e e on a n o t h e r t o o o f t e n .
At tim e s a c o n f l i c t a r i s e s on t h i s
p o i n t and J e a n i s r e s t r i c t e d f o r s e v e r a l w e e k s .
T h is she
d o e s n o t u n d e r s ta n d and th u s r e s e n t s . As was p r e v i o u s l y s t a t e d , J e a n h a s a g r e a t i n t e r e s t i n p la y in g
th e
v i o l i n . H er m o th e r u r g e s h e r t o c o n tin u e
w ith t h i s ,
but
h e r f a th e r fo rb id s h e r to
p r a c t i c e w h ile h e
i s home a s
th e
" n o is e " d i s t u r b s h im .
a ls o re fu s e s to
p ay f o r l e s s o n s .
He
Jean s a i d sh e d i s l i k e d h e r f a t h e r f o r
t h i s a s " p la y in g t h e v i o l i n i s my o n ly f u n . " The home I t s e l f i s l o c a t e d i n a p o o r d i s t r i c t and i s i n n ee d o f many r e p a i r s .
Jean is h e s ita n t t o d e s c rib e
h e r home and w is h e s th e f a m i l y c o u ld m ove.
She s h a r e s h e r
bedroom w ith h e r tw o s i s t e r s , w h ic h a g a i n c o n t r i b u t e s t o d is a g r e e m e n ts o v e r c l o t h e s an d o t h e r p o s s e s s i o n s . S o c i a l l y , J e a n a p p e a r s t o be a m i s f i t .
A ll th r o u g h
s c h o o l sh e h a s h ad d i f f i c u l t y c o n fo rm in g an d m aking f r i e n d s i n th e g r o u p .
"She i s i n c o n t i n u a l d i f f i c u l t y and alw ays
d o in g t h e w rong t h i n g s .
She h a s n o s t a t u s I n th e g r o u p ,"
wa3 t h e d e s c r i p t i o n w r i t t e n b y one t e a c h e r .
A n o th e r t e a
c h e r com m ented, "The g ro u p g e t s an n o y ed w i t h h e r when sh e d o e s n ’t c o n fo rm .
She I s a c c e p te d o n ly b y s e v e r a l g i r l s
who a r e n o t a c c e p te d by th e r e s t o f t h e g r o u p ." s i t u a ti o n p e r s i s ts to d a y .
The same
She h a s o n ly one g i r l f r i e n d a t
s c h o o l and s p e n d s a l l th e tim e a llo w e d h e r o u t o f s c h o o l
11 w i t h h e r boy f r i e n d .
She a t t e n d s c h u rc h e v e r y Sunday and
so m etim es on W ednesday e v e n in g s , b u t o n ly t o be w ith h e r boy f r i e n d . When a s k e d a b o u t h e r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l a c tiv itie s ,
J e a n re m a rk e d , " I d o n 't l i k e th e c l u b s a t s c h o o l ,
so I J u s t r u n a ro u n d w i t h b o y s and g i r l s a ro u n d th e campus • ** I n d e s c r i b i n g J e a n 's p e r s o n a l i t y , one t e a c h e r s a i d , "She i s a g g r e s s i v e and moody an d h a s n o f a i t h i n h e r a b ilitie s .“
She a p p e a r s t o be q u i e t , n e rv o u s and v e r y
r a r e ly s m ile s . She h a s n o p a r t i c u l a r v o c a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s , a s sh e p la n s t o b e m a r r ie d u p o n g r a d u a t i o n an d d o e s n ’t c o n s id e r i t n e c e s s a r y t o b e t r a i n e d f o r any ty p e o f w ork*
The r e s u l t s o f t h e t e s t s g iv e n J e a n a r e a s f o llo w s
The A d ju stm e n t I n v e n t o ry -B e 11* Home
H e a lth
S o c ia l
E m o tio n a l
T o ta l
10
10
1
12
33
S t a n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t , Form D " Paragraph--------------B S5T --------!-----M eaning M eaning A verage 8,8_____________
9,9
9.85
O tis Q u ic k - s c o r in g M ental-G anana T e s t 90
*K ey t o t h i s t e s t i s i n t h e A ppendix
13 II.
DIAGNOSIS
I t a p p e a r s t h a t m o st o f J e a n 's u n h a p p in e s s h a s b e e n b r o u g h t a b o u t a s a r e s u l t o f n o t b e in g a b l e t o a c h i e v e . The c o n s t a n t c o m p a riso n w ith h e r o l d e r s i s t e r , who i s s u p e r i o r t o h e r i n a b i l i t y , s e e m in g ly h a s g iv e n J e a n a la c k o f s e lf - c o n f id e n c e .
T h e re i s a l s o e v id e n c e o f r e
j e c t i o n by h e r f a t h e r , w h ic h p o s s i b l y h a s c r e a t e d a f e e l i n g o f I n s e c u r ity w ith in h e r , s o c ia ll y as w e ll as m e n ta lly . The B e l l A d ju stm e n t T e s t d i d n o t i n d i c a t e t h i s u n h a p p in e s s a s h e r s c o r e i n home l i f e was 1 0 , w h ic h i s c o n s id e r e d a v e ra g e .
H ow ever, d u r in g t h e p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w w i t h J e a n ,
th e r e s e n tm e n t to w a rd h e r f a t h e r was shown w hen s h e sp o k e o f h e r f a t h e r a n d t h e way h e alw ay s c r i t i c i z e d h e r .
As
sh e s t a t e d , “My f a t h e r alw a y s s a i d e v e r y t h i n g I d i d was w ro n g .
He w cu ld s a y t o m e, 'Why a r e y o u n o t p r e t t y and
sm a rt l i k e y o u r s i s t e r ? ' ' 1
She th e n a d d e d , " I n e v e r c o u ld
t a l k w i t h h im o r f e e l c l o s e t o h im ." H er i n s e c u r i t y I s s u g g e s te d h y h e r a p p a r e n t m o o d in e s s , l a c k o f s e l f - c o n f i d e n c e and d e f i a n c e t o th o s e a b o u t h e r a s h a s b e e n s t a t e d by h e r v a r io u s t e a c h e r s .
14 III.
S c h o o l:
r e c g m m e h d a t io m s
The rec o m m e n d a tio n w h ic h th e i n v e s t i g a t o r
w ould s u g g e s t i s t o k e e p J e a n i n a c l a s s w h e re sh e i s a b le to a c h ie v e .
She a p p a r e n t l y r e s p o n d s t o a p p r o v a l w e l l and
n e e d s a g r e a t d e a l o f t h i s , s i n c e th e c o m p a ris o n made t o h e r s u p e r i o r s i s t e r and h e r p a r e n ts * h i g h e x p e c t a t i o n s o f h e r have d e s tro y e d h e r s e lf - e s te e m . s u c c e s s , p o s s ib ly in h e r f ie ld
I f s h e c o u ld t a s t e
o f i n t e r e s t , a r t o r m u s ic ,
sh e m ig h t d e v e lo p a s e n s e o f w e l l - b e i n g .
T h ese i n t e r e s t s
a r e s u g g e s te d b y t h e s c o r e s r e s u l t i n g fro m th e K uder P r e f e r e n c e R e co rd w h ich p la c e d h e r among th e 8 1 s t p e r c e n t i l e i n th e a r t i s t i c f i e l d and t h e 8 4 th p e r c e n t i l e fie ld .
i n t h e m u sic
I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h th e m a n u al f o r t h e E u d er P r e
f e r e n c e R e c o rd , an y s c o r e above th e 7 5 th p e r c e n t i l e i s an i n d i c a t i o n o f a s t r o n g i n t e r e s t In t h a t p a r t i c u l a r f i e l d . T hese p u r s u i t s s h o u ld b e e n c o u ra g e d b y th e s c h o o l and th e home . Home:
The d u ty o f t h e p a r e n t s w ould be t o a tte m p t t o
u n d e r s ta n d t h e g i r l * s n e e d f o r s e c u r i t y an d a f f e c t i o n . T h is m ig h t b e a c c o m p lis h e d b y t h e s c h o o l ’ s s e n d in g a s o c i a l w o rk e r i n t o t h e home t o w ork w ith t h e p a r e n t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y th e f a t h e r .
CHAPTER I I I THE CASE OF BARBARA I.
INFORMATION
B a rb a ra i s s e v e n te e n y e a r s o f ag e an d i n t h e e l e v e n t h g ra d e a t O p p o r tu n ity H igh S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a , I n d e s c r i b i n g B a r b a r a ’ s p h y s i c a l a p p e a r a n c e , i t may b e s a i d t h a t s h e i s a h e a v y s e t , t a l l , b lo n d e g i r l , who i s r a t h e r u n a t tr a c ti v e b ecau se of a p oor s k in c o n d itio n , in f la m e d e y e s and u n k e p t h a i r .
H er c l o t h e s a p p e a r c l e a n j
h o w e v e r, th e y a r e n o t t o o b eco m in g t o h e r . B a r b a r a 's s c h o o l r e c o r d s u g g e s ts t h a t sh e h a s a lw a y s been re ta rd e d .
I n m o st o f h e r s u b j e c t s h e r g r a d e s a r e
b e lo w a v e r a g e .
As one t e a c h e r s t a t e d , “B a rb a ra n e e d s
g u id a n c e .
She i s w eak i n f u n d a m e n ta ls , h a s a s h o r t sp a n
o f a t t e n t i o n , i s e a s i l y d i s t r a c t e d a n d weak in a l l w ork.® I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o te t h a t when B a rb a ra was se v e n y e a r s o l d , sh e was g iv e n a n i n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t on w h ic h sh e made a s c o r e o f 1 1 6 , w h ic h i s c o n s id e r e d ab o v e t h e a v e r a g e . At th e age o f e i g h t , sh e was r e - t e s t e d , m aking a s c o r e o f § 5 , w h ich i s b a r e l y a v e r a g e .
At th e age o f e l e v e n , sh e
s c o r e d 8 8 ; a t t h i r t e e n , she s c o r e d 7 1 , and a t s e v e n te e n , sh e s c o r e d 92 on t h e O tis Q u ic k - S c o r in g M ental-Gamma T e s t . T h is m ig h t s u g g e s t one o f tw o t h i n g s :
e i t h e r th e i n
t e l l i g e n c e t e s t s a r e u n r e l i a b l e , o r t h e r e h a v e b e e n co n
16 d i t i o n s w h ich h a v e g r e a t l y a l t e r e d B a r b a r a 's e m o tio n a l l i f e . When a s k e d I f s h e l i k e d s c h o o l , B a r b a r a r e p l i e d , “ I lik e i t ,
'c a u s e I c a n be w i t h t h e g i r l s .
t i c u l a r l y l i k e t o s t u d y , th o u g h .
I d o n 't p a r
I d o n 't l i k e m u sic o r
se w in g a n d e s p e c i a l l y d o n 't l i k e th e t e a c h e r s o f th o s e c l a s s e s ." B a rb a ra lo n g s t o t h e
i s e x tr e m e ly i n t e r e s t e d i n s p o r t s .
She b e
a f t e r s c h o o l g i r l s ' s p o r t s o r g a n i z a t i o n and
s p e n d s m ost o f h e r l e i s u r e tim e p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n some s p o rts a c t i v i t y .
T e n n is and swimming a r e t h e tw o s p o r t s
sh e e n jo y s th e m o s t.
H er p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n t e a c h e r s a i d ,
" B a r b a r a i s an o u t s t a n d i n g p l a y e r . w i t h a l l th e frie n d s .
She i s n ' t t o o s o c i a b l e
g i r l s a s sh e k e e p s t o h e r s e l f o r t o h e r
H ow ever,
c lo s e
sh e i s a good s p o r t a n d r a r e l y d i s p l a y s
h e r te m p e r f o r me.'* B a r b a r a 's o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n s c h o o l i s a r t . jo y s c r a f t s an d d ra w in g t h e m o s t.
She e n
A c c o rd in g t o h e r a r t
t e a c h e r s sh e i s q u i t e c r e a t i v e . A d i s c u s s i o n w i t h t h e a tte n d a n c e c l e r k a t th e h ig h s c h o o l r e v e a l e d t h a t B a rb a ra h a s b e e n t r u a n t a c o n s id e r a b le num ber o f t i m e s .
When c o n f r o n te d w i t h t h i s s t a t e m e n t ,
B a rb a ra r e p l i e d , "O h, y e s , I c u t c l a s s e s s o m e tim e s . fu n .
It's
When we do c u t , we j u s t w a lk a ro u n d t h e s c h o o l and
v i s i t our f r ie n d s ."
She s a i d t h a t s c h o o l was k in d o f
17 b o r in g t o h e r a t t i m e s , a s t h e r e was s o much r e a d i n g t o do.
She ad d ed t h a t r e a d i n g seem ed d i f f i c u l t f o r h e r and
sh e d i d n ' t c a r e f o r i t .
She s t a t e d t h a t s h e e n jo y s h e r
t y p i n g c l a s s , a r t c l a s s , and s p o r t s .
As f o r th e o t h e r
s u b j e c t s , sh e h a s a p p a r e n t l y no i n t e r e s t . H er h e a l t h r e c o r d , w h ic h was t a k e n frc m t h e s c h o o l n u r s e 's f i l e s ,
i n d i c a t e s no s e r i o u s p h y s i c a l d i s o r d e r s .
She a p p a r e n t l y h a s no h e a r i n g d i f f i c u l t y o r s p e e c h d e f e c t . H ow ever, s h e s a i d h e r e y e s b o t h e r h e r once i n a w h i l e . T h is m ig h t e x p l a i n why t h e y a p p e a r in f la m e d a ro u n d t h e l i d s . B a r b a r a 's home l i f e
i s a c o m b in a tio n o f a p l e a s a n t
a s s o c i a t i o n w ith h e r f a m ily an d p o o r l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s . She r e s i d e s i n th e b a c k o f a s t o r e b u i l d i n g w i t h h e r m o th e r, f a t h e r , s i s t e r , age 1 8 , a n d b r o t h e r , ag e 2 0 .
H er
f a t h e r i s a m a t t r e s s m aker who h a s co m bined h i s s t o r e w ith h i s hom e.
H is w ife i s i n c h a rg e o f t h e b u s i n e s s o f th e
s t o r e , w h ile th e c h i l d r e n h e l p t h e i r f a t h e r b u i l d th e m a ttre s s e s .
B a rb a ra w o rk s t h e r e on S a tu r d a y s , b u t sh e i s
p a i d o n ly i f b u s i n e s s i s g o o d . She and h e r s i s t e r do m o st o f t h e w ork a ro u n d th e h ouse.
B a rb a ra i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e c o o k in g as w e l l as
p a r t o f th e c le a n in g . H er f a t h e r h a s b e e n q u i t e i l l w i t h h e a r t t r o u b l e , and h a s b e e n i n t h e h o s p i t a l f i v e tim e s d u r in g th e l a s t
18 few m o n th s .
B a r b a r a s a i d t h i s w o r r i e s h e r a s t h e f a m il y
i s h a v in g a r a t h e r d i f f i c u l t tim e f i n a n c i a l l y , and i f sh e s h o u ld l o s e h e r f a t h e r ,
i t w o u ld be q u i t e a s t r u g g l e .
D u rin g W orld War I I th e f a t h e r w orked i n w ar p l a n t s a l l u p an d down t h e W est C o a s t.
T h is m ean t t h a t t h e
f a m ily h a d t o move a g r e a t d e a l , w h ich B a r b a r a s t a t e d sh e d i d n ’t l i k e .
She s a i d t h a t th e y a l l g o t a lo n g b e t t e r
when th e y moved t o P r o g r e s s a n d d e c id e d t o s e t t l e dow n. I n d e s c r i b i n g h e r home l i f e , B a rb a ra s a i d t h i s a b o u t h e r p a r e n t s , "They g e t a lo n g w e l l .
G uess th e y h av e t o —
1c a u s e t h e y w ork t o g e t h e r i n th e s t o r e . " She and h e r s i s t e r a re n o t o n ly f r i e n d l y I n th e home b u t a r e c o n s t a n t com panions a t s e h o o l .
The s i s t e r h ad
s c a r l e t f e v e r w hen sh e was q u i t e y o u n g , and B a rb a ra s a i d t h a t t h i s a p p a r e n t l y was th e c a u s e o f h e r b e in g s l i g h t l y d e a f.
E ven th o u g h B a rb a ra i s th e y o u n g e r o f th e tw o , sh e
a p p e a r s t o b e s t r o n g e r and t h e l e a d e r , a lw a y s lo o k in g o u t fo r her s is te r .
B a rb a ra a l s o s a i d t h a t sh e h a d a g r e a t
a d m ir a tio n f o r h e r b r o t h e r b e c a u s e h e was o u t s t a n d i n g in s p o r ts . A c c o rd in g t o B a r b a r a , h e r p a r e n t s a r e v e r y l e n i e n t w ith h e r .
As lo n g a s sh e d o e s h e r t a s k s a t hom e, sh e
may go o u t w ith h e r boy f r i e n d who l i v e s i n a n e i g h b o r in g to w n .
H ow ever, sh e h a s t o b e home b y e l e v e n on w e e k e n d s.
She i s p a r t i c u l a r l y fo n d o f h e r b o y f r i e n d b e c a u s e b e t a k e s b e r ic e s k a tin g and h o rseb a ck r id in g * S o c i a l l y , B a rb a ra a p p e a r s t o b e t i m i d a n d u n s u r e o f b e r s e l f a ro u n d th o s e sh e d o e s n 't know*
H ow ever, when s h e
i s w i t h h e r f r i e n d s , s h e s e e m in g ly e n jo y s h e r s e l f im m ense l y and i s r a t h e r s i l l y
an d im m atu re i n h e r b e h a v io r *
At s c h o o l sh e h a s t h r e e g o o d f r i e n d s , one b e in g h e r s i s t e r , th e o t h e r tw o b e in g N e g r o e s .
T h is s i t u a t i o n i s
q u i t e u n u s u a l, f o r i n O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l t h e r e
v ery l i t t l e
in te rm in g lin g o f r a c e s .
t o lo o k t o B a rb a ra a s t h e i r l e a d e r .
is
The t h r e e g i r l s seem O u ts id e o f s c h o o l
sh e d o e s n o t a s s o c i a t e w i t h t h e tw o c o lo r e d g i r l s b u t sp e n d s m ost o f h e r tim e w ith h e r s i s t e r o r h e r b ey f r i e n d . B a rb a ra a p p e a r s t o b e c h e e r f u l m o st o f th e tim e b u t l o s e s h e r te m p e r q u it© e a s i l y .
She a p p a r e n t l y r e a l i z e s
h e r l i m i t e d a b i l i t i e s a s sh e h a s s t a t e d on v a r i o u s o c c a s i o n s , " I am s o dumb t h a t I c a n 't d o my s c h o o l work.** H er p la n s f o r th e f u t u r e a r e v e r y u n c e r t a i n .
She
r e a l i z e s s h e s h o u ld ta k e sem e c o u r s e i n s c h o o l t o h e l p h e r s e l f l a t e r on t o e a r n a l i v i n g .
At t h e p r e s e n t tim e
sh e i s e n r o l l e d i n a ty p i n g c l a s s and a c c o r d in g t o h e r t e a c h e r i s d o in g q u i t e w e ll* B a r b a r a 's h o b b ie s , o t h e r t h a n s p o r t s , a r e p h o to g ra p h y and f lo w e r a r r a n g i n g . a f lo w e r s h o p .
L a s t summer sh e a c t u a l l y w orked i n
20
The r e s u l t s o f t h e t e s t s a d m in is t e r e d t o B a r b a r a a r e as fo llo w s :
The A d ju stm e n t I n v e n to r y - B e 11* Home
H e a lth
S o c ia l
E m o tio n a l
5
2
11
2
T o ta l 20
S ta n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t , Form D P arag rap h Word M eaning M eaning A v erag e 7 .5
9 .0
8 .2 5
O tis Q u ic k - S c o r in g Menta1-Gamma T e s t 92
•frKey t o t h i s t e s t i s i n th e A p p en d ix
21 I I . DIAGNOSIS The d i s c r e p a n c i e s f o u n d I n th e
In te llig e n c e t e s t s
m ig h t I n d i c a t e B a rb a ra i s e i t h e r e m o tio n a lly u n s t a b l e o r p o s s i b l y i t c o u ld be e v id e n c e o f m e n ta l d e t e r i o r a t i o n . As f a r a s h e r home l i f e
I s co n c ern ed , d is c o u n tin g
th e f i n a n c i a l a n g l e , sh e a p p e a r s t o b e h a p p y and w e l l a d ju s te d .
T h is may be f u r t h e r s u b s t a n t i a t e d by th e ab o v e
a v e ra g e s c o r e o f 5 I n home l i f e made b y B a r b a r a on th e B e l l A d ju stm e n t T e s t .
P o s s i b l y sh e h a s w ith h e ld f a c t s
c o n c e r n in g h e r home l i f e
o r e a r l y s c h o o l l i f e w h ic h m ig h t
e x p l a i n h e r a p p a r e n t l a c k o f c o n f id e n c e an d i n s e c u r i t y sh e o b v io u s ly h a s . On th e o t h e r h a n d , B a r b a r a ’s l a c k o f I n t e r e s t i n r e a d i n g c o u ld i n d i c a t e a n I n a b i l i t y t o r e a d .
As was
e v i d e n t fro m th e s c o r e o f a g r a d e p la c e m e n t o f 8 .2 5 made by h e r on t h e S ta n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t , A dvanced R e a d in g T e s t , Form D, f o r g r a d e s 7 , 8 , an d 9 , sh e i s v e r y much re ta rd e d in re a d in g .
T h is c o u ld c a u s e I n f e r i o r f e e l i n g s
w i t h i n h e r among h e r c l a s s m a t e s . I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o te B a r b a r a 's r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h h e r c o lo re d f r i e n d s .
S e e m in g ly , s h e g a i n s a c e r t a i n s a t i s
f a c t i o n i n b e in g th e l e a d e r o f t h i s g r o u p , and i t a l s o a p p e a r s t o a n sw e r b o th t h e c o l o r e d g i r l s ’ n e e d s o f a c -
22 c e p ta n c e b y s o c i e t y and B a r b a r a 's l a c k o f c o n f i d e n c e , Tbe K uder P r e f e r e n c e R e co rd i n d i c a t e s h e r i n t e r e s t s t o be i n t h e f i e l d s o f c o m p u ta tio n , w h ic h was t h e 92nd p e r c e n t i l e , and i n a r t , w h ic h w as th e 8 4 th p e r c e n t i l e . The low s c o r e s i n th e o t h e r f i e l d s s u b s t a n t i a t e t h e l a c k o f i n t e r e s t B a rb a ra h a3 i n e v e r y t h i n g a b o u t h e r . I I I . RECOMMENDATIONS S c h o o l;
The s c h o o l h a s a l r e a d y r e c o g n i z e d B a r b a r a 's
l a c k o f m e n ta l a b i l i t y by p l a c i n g h e r i n a s p e c i a l c l a s s f o r re ta rd e d g i r l s .
H ow ever, t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l reco m
m e n d a tio n s t o be s u g g e s t e d . h av e B a r b a r a 's e y e s e x a m in e d .
F i r s t , t h e s c h o o l n u r s e s h o u ld N e x t, th e s c h o o l ’ s p sy c h o
l o g i c a l s e r v i c e s s h o u ld g iv e h e r a b a t t e r y o f t e s t s t o d e te r m in e th e s c h o o l ’s c o u r s e o f a c t i o n .
A fte r th e r e s u l t s
h av e b e e n o b t a i n e d , s h e s h o u ld be p la c e d i n a s p e c i a l c l a s s , i n udaieh h e r I n t e r e s t I n a r t may be b u i l t u p o n . Home:
The p a r e n t s s h o u ld b e n o t i f i e d o f t h e i r
d a u g h te r’s sc h o o l tr o u b le s .
They s h o u ld a tte m p t t o h av e
h e r g iv e n m e d ic a l c a r e an d s h o u ld t r y t o b u i l d u p h e r s e lf-c o n fid e n c e • As one o f h e r t e a c h e r s s a i d , “ I n my o p in io n , a l l B a rb a ra n e e d s i s a l i t t l e
t e n d e r lo v in g c a r e , w h ic h w ould
g iv e h e r n e e d e d i n s p i r a t i o n and e n c o u ra g e m e n t.
T h i s , how
e v e r , w o u ld have t o b e i n t e g r a t e d w ith a f i r m h a n d . 1*
CHAPTER IV THE CASE OP SEARCH I . INFORMATION S h a ro n I s s i x t e e n y e a r s o f age an d I n th e e l e v e n t h g r a d e a t O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a , S h a ro n I s a t a l l , d a r k - h a i r e d g i r l who a p p e a r s t o b e p a l e and u n d e rw e ig h t*
She seem s t o be v e r y p a r t i c u l a r
a b o u t h e r c l o t h e s a s sh e i s a lw a y s c l e a n and w e l l - d r e s s e d . She w o u ld p r o b a b ly b© q u i t e a t t r a c t i v e i f sh e w ould s t a n d u p s t r a i g h t and n o t h a n g h e r h e a d . The h i s t o r y o f h e r s c h o o lin g and o f h e r h e a l t h m ig h t w e l l be co m b in ed , a s h e r h e a l t h seem s t o h av e p la y e d su c h an im p o r ta n t p a r t I n h e r r e t a r d a t i o n . When S h a ro n was t h r e e y e a r s o ld s h e h a d a v e r y s e v e r e c a s e o f t h e m e a s le s , a lo n g w i t h s c a r l e t f e v e r .
A c c o rd in g
t o t h e s c h o o l n u r s e d f i l e , t h e s e d i s e a s e s I n j u r e d S h a ro n *s m id d le e a r an d l e f t h e r p a r t i a l l y d e a f .
T h is d i s a b i l i t y
a p p e a r s t o h a v e h a d a m arked e f f e c t on h e r s c h o o l l i f e , s o c i a l l y and a c a d e m ic a lly .
She h a s b e e n p la c e d i n t h e
h a rd o f h e a rin g c la s s e s u p u n t i l t h i s l a s t y e a r . S h a ro n s t a t e d t h a t s h e r e s e n t e d b e i n g d e a f b e c a u s e e v e ry o n e made so much o f i t .
A l l th r o u g h s c h o o l sh e h a s
b e e n s e g r e g a t e d and p la c e d i n s p e c i a l c l a s s e s .
She h a s
24 n e v e r b e e n a b l e t o b e w ith a v e r a g e p e o p l e .
When s h e was
i n th e l a s t few y e a r s o f gram m ar s c h o o l , and i n j u n i o r h i gh s c h o o l , sh e was o f t e n ta k e n o u t o f h e r c l a s s e s t o c a r e f o r t h e y o u n g e r c h i l d r e n who w ere a l s o h a n d ic a p p e d by d e a f n e s s .
T h is , sh e f e e l s , i s Why sh e h a s h a d a d i f
f i c u l t tim e i n s c h o o l , a s sh e m is s e d s o much w o rk .
In
q u e s t i o n i n g h e r a s t o w h e th e r o r n o t sh e l i k e d t o w ork w i t h t h e c h i l d r e n , sh e s a i d , “Even th o u g h I 'm m is s in g s c h o o l , som eone h a s t o h e l p t h e p o o r l i t t l e
d e a f o n e s , 1*
S h a ro n a p p a r e n t l y a lw a y s made a n e f f o r t t o do h e r b e s t i n s c h o o l , a s m ig h t b e c o n c lu d e d fro m th e f o llo w in g com m e n ts made b y h e r t e a c h e r s th r o u g h o u t h e r s c h o o l y e a r s : " E x c e l l e n t w o rk , p o o r h e a r i n g . " c a p ."
"Works t o a b i l i t y . "
" D e a fn e ss a r e a l h a n d i
" E x c e lle n t in l i p r e a d in g ."
" A c c e p ts r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , i s i n d u s t r i o u s and c o o p e r a t i v e . " " G re a t d e a l m ore h e a r i n g l o s s t h a n s h e w i l l a d m it." The s c h o o l n u r s e h a s recom m ended a f r o n t s e a t i n a l l c la s s e s f o r S h aro n .
The n u r s e a l s o s a i d t h a t S h a ro n ^ s
p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n was s t i l l p o o r , a s s h e i s u n d e r w e ig h t, p a l e , and h e r e a r s r u n o c c a s i o n a l l y .
She h a s b e e n p la c e d
i n a s p e c i a l p h y s i c a l e d u c a ti o n c l a s s w here h e r a c t i v i t i e s a r e g r e a t l y m o d if ie d . S h a ro n i s fro m a n a v y f a m i l y .
B ecau se o f t h i s , u p
u n t i l t h e l a s t f i v e y e a r s , t h e f a m il y h a s moved a ro u n d t h e c o u n tr y a g r e a t d e a l .
H ow ever, th e y h a v e now s e t t l e d
25 an d made P r o g r e s s t h e i r home* S h a r o n * 3 f a t h e r p a s s e d away l a s t D ecem ber fro m a h e a rt a ilm e n t. little
S t r a n g e l y e n o u g h , t h i s a p p a r e n t l y h a s h ad
e f f e c t on h e r .
sh e r e p l i e d , ttOh, n o . t h e r e , we n e v e r t a l k e d .
When a s k e d i f sh e m is s e d h e r f a t h e r , He was h a r d l y a r o u n d .
He j u s t r e a d h i s p a p e r , and I* d
g o i n ray b ed ro o m a n d d o my s c h o o l w o rk . a s i f t knew h im .
When h e was
I n e v e r d id f e e l
So i t d o e s n ’t b o t h e r me now t h a t h e ’ s
gone A c c o rd in g t o S h a ro n , h e r m o th e r i s q u i t e s t r i c t w ith h e r.
She d o e s n ’t a llo w S h a ro n t o g o o u t w ith b o y s , o r t o
ta k e p a r t i n an y o u t s i d e a c t i v i t i e s .
S e v e r a l a t te m p ts
h a v e b e e n made t o g e t S h a ro n t o j o i n c lu b s a t s c h o o l . H er m o th e r, h o w e v e r, i n s i s t s t h a t sh e b e home im m e d ia te ly a f t e r s c h o o l.
As a r e s u l t sh e i s u n a b le t o a t t e n d any o f
th e m e e ti n g s .
As one t e a c h e r com m ented, "V ery r e - s t r i c t e d
home l i f e .
M o th er w i l l n o t a llo w h e r t o go a n y w h e re .
M ice g i r l and w o r k e r .
Would p r o f i t fro m y o u th o r g a n i z a t i o n
b u t i s n o t a llo w e d t o j o i n . ? S h a r o n ’s a t t i t u d e to w a rd h e r m o th e r seem s t o b e one m ix ed w i t h r e s e n tm e n t an d a f f e c t i o n .
She s a i d sh e i s
a b le t o c o n f id e i n h e r m o th e r, who i s alw a y s w i l l i n g t o lis te n .
She a l s o s a i d h e r m o th e r w o u ld e n c o u ra g e h e r and
a tte m p t t o b o l s t e r h e r when s h e becam e b lu e and d i s c o u r a g e d , w h ic h a p p a r e n t l y o c c u rs q u i t e o f t e n .
26 S h a ro n h a s an o l d e r b r o t h e r , 1 9 , who t a k e s h e r I c e s k a t i n g o nce i n a w h i l e . a c t i v i t y t h a t sh e h a s ,
T h is is a b o u t a l l t h e s o c i a l S h a ro n i s q u i t e fo n d o f h e r b r o t h e r
a s she re m a rk e d , ”He i s t h e o n ly one who t a k e s me a n y w h e re , o r w i t h whom I h a v e any f u n , ’* S h a rc n s a i d s h e n e v e r h a d t o h e l p w i t h any o f t h e w ork a t home u n t i l l a s t summer when sh e s ta y e d home and to o k c a r e o f t h e h o u se w h ile h e r m o th e r w en t t o s c h o o l . H ow ever, a t t h e p r e s e n t tim e sh e n e v e r d o e s a n y th in g ,' A c c o rd in g t o S h a ro n , h e r home i s She is q u i t e s a t i s f i e d w i t h i t ,
i n a n ic e d i s t r i c t .
a s sh e h a s h e r own bedroom
w i t h a l l th e t h i n g s s h e l i k e s i n i t . S o c i a l l y , S h a ro n a p p a r e n t l y i s l o s t . b e q u i e t an d t i m i d .
As s e v e r a l t e a c h e r s h a v e com m ented,
’’She i s s h y , n e r v o u s , and q u i t e s e n s i t i v e . ” an d r e t i r i n g . ”
She a p p e a r s t o
”R a th e r q u i e t
’’V ery s e l f - c o n s c i o u s and n e e d s c o n tin u e d
h e l p t o overcom e i t . ” S h a ro n s a i d , ’’P e o p le d o n ’t u n d e r s ta n d m e. a s i f th e y a r e a l l a g a i n s t me*
I t seem s
I ’ve alw a y s b e e n sh o v e d
a s i d e and p la c e d I n s p e c i a l c l a s s e s . ”
She a p p e a r s t o b e
v e ry h e s i t a n t t o j o i n g ro u p s o r t o ta k e p a r t i n c l a s s a c tiv itie s , She a l s o r e s e n t s b e in g d e a f .
H ow ever, s h e s a i d she
so m etim es u s e s i t t o g e t o u t o f t h i n g s and t o e s c a p e fro m th e r e a l i t i e s o f l i f e .
An a tte m p t was made t o h a v e h e r
27 w e a r a h e a r i n g a id *
T h is sh e r e f u s e d t o d o , a s she s a i d
sh e d i d n o t w an t p e o p le t o s e e i t * When a s k e d w hat sh e th o u g h t o f h e r s e l f , sh e r e p l i e d , WI am a mess.**
She a p p a r e n t l y i s e a s i l y d is c o u r a g e d ,
m oody, and u n h a p p y .
She e x p r e s s e d th e w ish t o go more
p l a c e s an d d o t h i n g s sh e e n jo y e d .
She w o u ld a l s o l i k e t h e
c o m p a n io n sh ip o f h o y s , h u t sh e s a i d sh e f e l t t i m i d and a f r a i d a ro u n d th e m . At s c h o o l she h a s no p a r t i c u l a r f r i e n d s , w ith t h e e x c e p ti o n o f one g i r l w ith whom sh e o c c a s i o n a l l y e a t s lu n c h • She e n jo y s sew in g v e r y much an d makes many o f h e r own c l o t h e s .
She a l s o e n jo y s k n i t t i n g .
m a jo r i n s c h o o l .
C lo th in g i s h e r
A c c o rd in g t o h e r t e a c h e r i n t h i s s u b j e c t ,
sh e a p p e a r s h a p p y and p le a s e d a s s h e d o es good w ork an d i s r e a l i z i n g s u c c e s s i n some f i e l d . O th e r i n t e r e s t s a r e s k a t i n g an d p la y in g b a s k e t b a l l w ith h e r b r o t h e r .
She e x p r e s s e d th e d e s i r e t o ta k e v i o l i n
l e s s o n s b u t s a i d h e r f o l k s n e v e r h a v e enough money f o r th e m . A f t e r g r a d u a t i o n fro m h ig h s c h o o l , S h a ro n p la n s t o go t o b u s i n e s s c o l l e g e and t o become a co m p to m eter o p e r a t o r . A p e r c e n t i l e s c o r e o f 88 i n c l e r i c a l i n t e r e s t s was made b y h e r i n t h e K uder P r e f e r e n c e t e s t .
28
The r e s u l t s o f t h e t e s t s g iv e n S h a ro n a r e a s f o l l o w s ;
The A d ju s tm e n t I n v e n t o r y - B e l l * Home
H e a lth
S o c ia l
E m o tio n a l
10
11
28
12
T o ta l 61
S ta n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t . Form D P a ra g ra p h . , Word ' , M eaning M eaning_____ A verage 1 1 .3 + _______ 1 1 .5 + ________ 1 1 .3 4
O tis Q u ic k - S c o r in g M ental-Gamraa T e s t 96
■frKey t o t h i s t e s t i s i n th e A ppendix
5
29 I I . DIAGNOSIS S h a r o n ’s l o s s o f h e a r i n g I s p r o b a b ly t h e b a s i s o f a l l h e r l a c k o f c o n f id e n c e , f e e l i n g s o f i n s e c u r i t y and d i s g u s t w ith h e r s e l f .
P o s s i b l y h e r l a c k o f h e a r i n g h a s d e v e lo p e d
an e m o tio n a l b lo c k I n many a r e a s . .As was b r o u g h t o u t d u r in g th e I n te r v ie w w ith S h a ro n , sh e h a s a te n d e n c y t o u s e h e r h a n d ic a p a s a m eans o f e s cape.
She a p p e a r s t o b e l i v i n g i n a d ream w o r ld , a s was
c o n c lu d e d fro m t h e many o b s e r v a t i o n s o f h e r i n t h e c l a s s ro o m .
The o b s e r v e r s t a t e d she n e v e r to o k p a r t i n c l a s s
d i s c u s s i o n , and w h ile t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s w ere w o rk in g , S h a ro n w ould s i t and s t a r e b l a n k l y i n t o s p a c e . B e c a u se o f t h e a t t i t u d e sh e e x p r e s s e d when s h e s a i d , ttI f e e l a s th o u g h I w e re d i f f e r e n t fro m th e o t h e r k i d s b e c a u s e I h av e a lw a y s b e e n p la c e d i n s p e c i a l c l a s s e s , I ’m a f r a i d t o b e a ro u n d o t h e r p e o p le b e c a u s e t h e y a l l t r e a t me a s i f I d i d n ’t know w h at was g o in g o n , ” i t a p p e a r s t h a t S h a ro n h a s th e f e e l i n g o f r e j e c t i o n .
H er re m a rk s
c o n c e r n in g h e r f a t h e r i n w h ic h s h e s t a t e d sh e n e v e r c o u ld t a l k w i t h him and n e v e r r e a l l y knew h im m ig h t a l s o s u g g e s t r e j e c t i o n on h i s p a r t . The f r e q u e n t m oving o f S h a r o n ’s f a m il y fro m one p a r t o f th e c o u n tr y t o a n o th e r in h e r e a r l i e r l i f e , w h ic h r e s u l t e d i n t h e d i s r u p t i n g o f h e r s c h o o l i n g , e c u ld a l s o b e a
c a u s e f o r h e r a p p a r e n t s h y n e s s and h e r f e e l i n g s o f i n s e c u rity . H e r m o th e r ’ s a t t i t u d e
i s u n d o u b te d ly due t o th e
c ir c u m s ta n c e s w h ic h h av e c a u se d h e r t o a tte m p t t o be m o th e r , f a t h e r , an d com panion t o h e r d a u g h t e r .
T h is o v e r -
p r o t e c t i v e te n d e n c y m ig h t h a v e c a u s e d S h a ro n t o l a c k c o n f id e n c e i n h e r a b i l i t i e s and i n g e n e r a l f e a r s c h o o l and s o c ie ty .
The B e l l A d ju stm e n t I n v e n to r y T e s t i n d i c a t e s
t h a t sh e i s e m o tio n a lly d i s t u r b e d and u n h ap p y s o c i a l l y a s w e l l as a t hom e.
H er s c o r e o f 28 i n s o c i a l f i e l d i s c o n
s i d e r e d u n s a t i s f a c t o r y and w o u ld b e a r o u t t h i s f a c t . I I I . RECOMMENDATIONS S c h o o l:
S h a r o n ’s c a s e s h o u ld be r e f e r r e d by t h e
s c h o o l f o r p s y c h i a t r i c h e l p a t t h e m e n ta l h y g ie n e c l i n i c s o t h a t she m ig h t b e a id e d i n a c c e p t i n g h e r d e a f n e s s . She s h o u ld a l s o l e a r n t o u s e a h e a r i n g a i d an d s h o u ld be h e lp e d i n o v erco m in g h e r s e n s i t i v i t y c o n c e r n in g t h e w e a r in g o f i t . P ro v id e d t h e f o r e g o i n g c c u ld b e a c c o m p lis h e d , S h a ro n s h o u ld b e p la c e d i n an a v e ra g e c l a s s w ith b o t h b o y s and g i r l s , s o t h a t sh e m ig h t b e a b l e t o have a p l e a s a n t a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h n o rm a l s t u d e n t s o f h e r own a g e .
H er
s c h o o l r e c o r d s i n d i c a t e t h a t sh e c o u ld e a s i l y d o t h e w ork a s h e r r e a d i n g a b i l i t y i s 1 1 .3 -f and h e r s c o r e on t h e O tis
31 Q u ic k - s c o r in g T e s t i s 9 6 , w h ic h i s a v e r a g e . Home:
S h a r o n ’ s m o th e r s h o u ld be h e l p e d t o u n d e r s ta n d
h e r d a u g h t e r 's p o s i t i o n .
I f p o s s i b l e , sh e to o s h o u ld h av e
a d v ic e fro m th e m e n ta l h y g ie n e c l i n i c t o a i d h e r i n g u id in g h e r d a u g h te r an d b u i l d i n g c o n f id e n c e i n h e r .
I f th e
m o th e r, a s w e l l as th e s c h o o l , c o u ld c o o p e r a te i n a i d i n g S h a ro n , sh e m ig h t v e r y e a s i l y make t h e n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n ts •
CHAPTER V THE CASE OP MAE Mae I s s i x t e e n y e a r s o f ag e an d i n t h e e l e v e n t h g r a d e a t O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a , H aving come fro m a b a c k g ro u n d o f m ix ed r a c e s , N egro and F r e n c h , Mae m ig h t w e l l b e d e s c r i b e d a s an a t t r a c t i v e , ta ll,
e o l o r e d g i r l , w ith b l a c k h a i r p i l e d h i g h on h e r h e a d
and lo n g r h i n e s t o n e e a r r i n g s d a n g l in g fro m h e r e a r s .
To
a l l a p p e a r a n c e s sh e i s a c a lm , p o is e d and s o f t - s p o k e n young la d y .
H ow ever, b y d e l v i n g i n t o h e r b a c k g ro u n d , q u i t e a
d i f f e r e n t ty p e o f I n d i v i d u a l h a s b e e n d i s c o v e r e d , M a e 's s c h o o l r e c o r d i s a c o m b in a tio n o f p r a i s e and o f c o n d e m n a tio n c o n c e r n in g h e r c h a r a c t e r .
One t e a c h e r
h a s w r i t t e n , “Mae i s a w i l l i n g , p e r s i s t a n t w o rk e r, who r e s p e c t s th e r i g h t s o f o t h e r s .
She i s w e l l - l i k e d and a
l e a d e r among members o f h e r own r a c e . ” ‘’P l e a s a n t p e r s o n a l i t y , m ild m a n n e r .11 t e a c h e r s h a v e made t h e s e com m ents: te m p tu o u s ."
A n o th e r s t a t e d , On t h e o t h e r h a n d ,
“A f i g h t e r . ”
“Con
“ Always c a u s in g t r o u b l e . ”
A c a d e m ic a lly , M a e 's b a c k g ro u n d i n d i c a t e s d e f i c i e n c i e s a l l th r o u g h s c h o o l .
H er g r a d e s v a r y fro m A 's I n m u sic and
I n homemaking t o D 's and F ’ s i n s u b j e c t s w here w r i t i n g and r e a d i n g a r e in v o l v e d .
H er p e r s o n a l h i s t o r y may le n d
33 an i n t e r e s t i n g i n s i g h t a s t o t h e v a r i e t y o f g r a d e s e a r n e d . The r e c o r d s a t t h e s c h o o l r e f l e c t h e r m e n ta l a b i l i t y as M a e 's ^ s c o r e on t h e O tis I n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t i s 7 7 , w h ic h I s c o n s id e r e d d u l l and b elo w a v e r a g e .
MShe h a s a p o o r fo u n d a
t i o n i n fu n d am en t a I s , M s t a t e d one t e a c h e r . The S t a n f o r d R e a d in g T e s t g r a d e p la c e m e n t s c o r e was 8 .7 .
As she i s i n t h e 1 1 .3 g r a d e , t h e s c o r e o f 8 .7 w ould
s u g g e s t t h a t Mae i s r e t a r d e d i n r e a d in g * The h e a l t h r e c o r d o f Mae, a s r e c o r d e d i n t h e s c h o o l n u r s e 's f i l e , l i s t s bad t o n s i l s .
a s l i g h t h e a r i n g l o s s , m a l a r i a , and
H ow ever, h e r a tte n d a n c e r e c o r d f o r t h e l a s t
two y e a r s i n d i c a t e s t h a t sh e h a s n o t l o s t more th a n f o u r days of sc h o o l b ecau se o f i l l n e s s .
T ru a n c y h a s b e e n th e
c h ie f cause o f h e r a b s e n c e s. M a e 's f a m il y b a c k g ro u n d I s one o f c o n f u s io n and u n h a p p in e s s .
She was b o r n i n a S o u th e r n s t a t e , t h e o n ly
c h i l d o f a F re n c h f a t h e r a n d a N e g ro id m o th e r .
Mae s t a t e d
t h a t sh e d id n o t r e c a l l t o o much a b o u t h e r f a t h e r , a s h e r p a r e n t s w ere d iv o r c e d when sh e w as s i x y e a r s o l d . H er o n ly r e c o l l e c t i o n s o f h e r e a r l y c h ild h o o d a r e t h o s e e v e n ts s u r r o u n d in g h e r l i v i n g i n a f u n e r a l hom e, a s h e r f a t h e r was a n e m b a lm e r. c e r n in g h e r l i f e o c c u rre d :
Mae r e l a t e d one I n c i d e n t c o n
i n t h i s home In w h ic h t h e f o llo w in g e v e n ts
a c c o r d in g t o Mae, h e r f a t h e r w is h e d h e r t o
f o llo w h i s t r a d e and to o k t h e o c c a s io n o f h e r g r a n d f a t h e r 's
34 d e a th to s t a r t h e r tr a in in g *
He I n s i s t e d t h a t Mae, who
was a b o u t f i v e and a h a l f y e a r s o f a g e , s h o u ld o b s e rv e th e em balm ing p r o c e d u r e .
Mae s a i d s h e w as t e r r i b l y f r i g h t
e n e d an d b e g a n t o r u n aw ay .
H er f a t h e r , h o w e v e r, c a u g h t
h e r , sp a n k e d h e r , and f o r c e d h e r t o re m a in i n t h e room w i t h h im w h ile he w o rk e d .
A sid e fro m t h i s i n c i d e n t , Mae
h a s no f u r t h e r m em ories o f h e r f a t h e r . When sh e was e i g h t y e a r s o f a g e , h e r m o th e r m a r r ie d a c o l o r e d m an.
Mae s t a t e d she d i d n o t l i k e him a s h e o f t e n
beat her
and s h u t h e r i n a d a r k c l o s e t .
t e n , Mae
r e l a t e d sh e was s o u n h ap p y a t home sh e d e c id e d t o
r u n aw ay .
At th e age o f
She s a i d s h e d id n o t g e t v e r y f a r , a s t h e p o l i c e
fo u n d h e r an d to o k h e r hom e,
A few m onths l a t e r , a f t e r
a s e v e r e b e a t i n g by h e r s t e p - f a t h e r , Mae s t a t e d t h a t sh e becam e a n g ry w ith h im , and i n r e t a l i a t i o n ,
sh e s t r u e k him
on t h e h e a d w i t h a b l u n t i n s t r u m e n t , i n j u r i n g h im s o t h a t i t becam e n e c e s s a r y t o ta k e h im t o t h e h o s p i t a l , se n t to
ju v e n ile h a l l f o r a s h o rt p e rio d .
Mae was
The r e c o r d s i n
th e c o u n s e l o r 's o f f i c e s u b s t a n t i a t e t h i s s t o r y . When Mae was tw e lv e y e a r s o l d , h e r m o th e r and s t e p f a t h e r l e f t h e r w ith an a u n t w h ile th e y came t o C a l i f o r n i a , Mae re m a rk e d t h a t she d i d n o t g e t a lo n g a t a l l w i t h h e r a u n t, as
sh e
made h e r d o a l l t h e h o u s e w o rk .
Mae s a i d
sh e a g a in made an e f f o r t t o r u n aw ay .
As a r e s u l t , H ow ever,
h e r f l i g h t was s ty m ie d b y th e p o l i c e , h e r m o th e r was
35 n o t i f i e d , a n d Mae was s e n t t o C a l i f o r n i a t o be w i t h h e r . H ere i n P r o g r e s s , Mae r e l a t e d t h a t h e r m o th e r w orked a s a cook i n a c a f e , w h ile h e r s t e p - f a t h e r s t a y e d hom e. H ow ever, th e y w e re so o n s e p a r a t e d and h e r s t e p - f a t h e r r e tu r n e d t o th e S o u th .
A f t e r a m onth o r s o h e r m o th e r ’ s
m o th e r came t o l i v e w ith th e m , b r i n g i n g a c o u s in o f Mae w ith h e r .
The c o u s in i s a g i r l t h e same ag e a s Mae, w ith
whom, sh e r e m a rk e d , sh e h a d n o th in g i n common. The g ra n d m o th e r p a s s e d away a b o u t a y e a r a g o ,
Mae
s a i d t h a t th e f a m il y f e l t t h a t sh e h a d p r o b a b ly c a u s e d h e r g r a n d m o th e r ’ s d e a t h , a s s h e w as a lo n e w i t h h e r a t t h e t i m e . A c c o rd in g t o Mae, n e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e d o c t o r r e p o r t e d t h a t th e c a u s e o f d e a t h was a h e a r t a t t a c k . A c c o rd in g t o Mae, sh e and h e r m o th e r d o n o t g e t a lo n g v e ry w e ll.
She h a d t h i s t o s a y a b o u t h e r m o th e r , “ She i s
alw a y s b la m in g me b e c a u s e sh e l o s e s t h i n g s a ro u n d th e house.
If it
i s n ’t t h a t , i t ’s so m e th in g e l s e .
The m in u te
I w a lk i n t o th e h o u s e she s t a r t s y e l l i n g and s c re a m in g a t me f o r so m e th in g I d i d o r d i d n ’t d o .
She m akes me s o mad
t h a t l o t s o f tim e s when I ’m h e l p i n g w i t h d i n n e r , I g e t t h e I d e a o f how e a s y i t w o u ld be t o p u t p o is o n i n h e r f o o d . Then sh e w o u ld n ’t n ag a t m e.
S o m eth in g e l s e t h a t m akes me
mad I s t h a t f o r a lo n g tim e sh e w o u ld n ’t l e t me r e c e i v e com pany.
So I h a d t o s n e a k o u t an d m eet t h e g u y s .
I
36 w a s n 't g o n n a s i t a t home j u s t
'c a u s e s h e th o u g h t I was to o
you n g t o h e r e c e i v i n g com pany." Mae w en t on to t e l l o f v a r i o u s tim e s when sh e was " f o r c e d " by h e r m o t h e r 's id e a s t o m eet h e r b oy f r i e n d s e ls e w h e re .
When sh e was f o u r t e e n , s h e and a n o th e r g i r l
w ere t r u a n t fro m s c h o o l and m et two men who w ere s e v e r a l y e a rs o ld e r and m a rrie d .
They to o k t h e g i r l s t o a p a r k i n
a n e a rb y tow n and s p e n t th e d ay w i t h th e m .
Mae w an d e re d
o f f fro m t h e o t h e r s and th e y l e f t h e r t h e r e .
The p o l i c e
fo u n d h e r an d to o k h e r t o j u v e n i l e h a l l , w h ere sh e s p e n t s e v e r a l d a y s and n i g h t s , a s sh e r e f u s e d t o t e l l th em who sh e was and w here sh e l i v e d .
F i n a l l y , sh e s a i d sh e d e
c i d e d t h a t s h e w a n te d t o go hom e, s o sh e b ro k e down and gav e th e m h e r name and a d d r e s s . On s e v e r a l o t h e r o c c a s io n s Mae s a i d t h a t sh e a tte m p te d t o r u n away w i t h some b oy t o be m a r r i e d , s o t h a t sh e m ig h t g e t away fro m h e r m o th e r .
She was alw a y s s t o p p e d .
A c c o rd in g t o Mae, a s w e l l as t h e s c h o o l r e c o r d s , sh e h a s b e e n i n t r o u b l e s e v e r a l tim e s w ith th e la w .
On one
o c c a s i o n , sh e was o u t w ith a man an d a n o th e r c o u p le who h a d a l l b e e n d r i n k i n g a n d sm oking m a r i j u a n a .
She s t a t e d
t h a t sh e d i d n o t p a r t a k e i n e i t h e r a c t i v i t y an d d i d n o t r e a l i z e Mi a t t h e y w ere sm o k in g .
The c a r in w h ic h sh e was
r i d i n g was s to p p e d b y th e p o l i c e f o r s p e e d i n g . was d is c o v e r e d and t h e tw o c o u p le s a r r e s t e d .
The d ru g The r e c o r d s
37 I n d i c a t e t h a t b e c a u s e o f M ae’s a p p a r e n t in n o c e n c e i n t h e m a t t e r , sh e was r e l e a s e d .
H ow ever, t h e o t h e r s w ere s e n t
to p ris o n . Mae l i v e s i n an a p a rtm e n t w ith h e r m o th e r and c o u s i n . She d e s c r i b e d t h e a p a rtm e n t a s b e in g v e r y s m a l l , w i t h one b ed ro o m , a l i v i n g room and a k i t c h e n .
The f u r n i t u r e was
d a r k and ra g g e d and sh e s a i d s h e d i d n o t l i k e t h e p la c e at a ll. H er m o th e r , a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e , i s t h e h o u s e k e e p e r f o r a f a m il y i n P r o g r e s s .
T h is l e a v e s Mae a t home t o dd
th e c o o k in g and c l e a n i n g w ith th e a i d o f h e r c o u s i n . Mae s a i d h e r m o th e r h a d many boy f r i e n d s .
She made
th e s t a t e m e n t , “T h ere i s alw a y s some man a r o u n d .B
On one
o c c a s io n h e r m o th e r ’ s b o y f r i e n d t r i e d t o e n t i c e Mae t o go o u t w ith h im on th e s l y .
H ow ever, Mae s a i d sh e f e l t
t h i s was w rong and t o l d h e r m o th e r , who p r o m p tly r e f u s e d t o s e e th e man a g a i n . A c c o rd in g t o th e in f o r m a ti o n g iv e n b y Mae i n h e r a u to b io g r a p h y , sh e d o e s n o t b e lo n g t o an y c lu b s a t s c h o o l , b u t s h e d o e s a t t e n d c h u r c h r e g u l a r l y and i s a s s o c i a t e d w ith a g ro u p o f y o ung p e o p le t h e r e .
When a s k e d why sh e d i d n o t
t a k e p a r t i n a c t i v i t i e s a t s c h o o l , s h e s a i d s h e d id n o t c a r e t o a s s o c i a t e w i t h th e o t h e r c o l o r e d s t u d e n t s a s th e y w ere a l l to o s i l l y
and l o u d .
She s a i d sh e h a d one c l o s e
g i r l f r i e n d w ith whom sh e s p e n d s m o st o f h e r tim e a t
38 s c h o o l.
O u ts id e o f s c h o o l, sh e re m a rk e d t h a t sh e g o e s
o u t w i t h men much o l d e r t h a n s h e a s “ th e y o u n g e r b o y s a c t so dum b."
At th e p r e s e n t tim e s h e s a i d sh e was " k e e p in g
company w ith a d e t e c t i v e who i s t w e n t y - t h r e e y e a r s o f a g e ." She s a i d s h e w a n te d t o m a rry h im , b u t h e f e l t sh e s h o u ld f i n i s h h ig h s c h o o l f i r s t . A c c o rd in g t o Mae, sh e d o e s n o t l i k e t o b e w ith p e o p l e . She l i k e s t o g o t o m o v ie s b e c a u s e , a s s h e p u t i t ,
" I guess
th e r e * s o m e th in g w rong w ith me, b u t when I go t o t h e show , I im a g in e m y s e lf a s th e
one on th e s c r e e n .
go hom e, i f t h e m ovie was s a d , I c r y a l l n i g h t .
A fte r I G uess I
s h o u ld n ’t go t o t h e shew s a s th e y u p s e t me s o . " She a p p e a r s t o b e moody an d i s a p p a r e n t l y q u i t e em o tio n a l.
She seem s t o l o s e h e r te m p e r q u i c k l y and
v io le n tly .
She made t h i s comment a b o u t h e r s e l f , " I
f r i g h t e n m y s e lf a t tim e s when I g e t a n g r y .
I j u s t seem t o
go o u t o f my h e a d , b r e a k t h i n g s an d t r y t o h u r t m y s e lf o r O th e r p e o p l e .
I ’ve t r i e d t o d r i n k p o i s o n , b u t b e f o r e I
c o u l d , my m o th e r o r som eone e l s e w ould s t o p m e ,"
One
t e a c h e r r e p o r t e d t h a t she o f t e n w ould g e t i n t o f i g h t s w ith o t h e r s o f h e r awn r a c e .
On one o c c a s io n s h e a c t u a l l y
t r i e d to k n ife a n o th e r g i r l . She d o e s n o t h a v e much f a i t h i n h e r own a b i l i t y , as s h e s t a t e d , " I ’m j u s t s t u p i d . "
39 When a s k e d i f sh e h a d any s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t o r t a l e n t s , sh e r e l a t e d t h a t h e r m a in a m b itio n i s to b e a b i n e s s i n g e r . At th e p r e s e n t tim e sh e s a i d sh e s in g s w ith a m ixed c o l o r e d and w h ite b a n d .
She a l s o p la y s t h e p ia n o , s p e c i a l i z i n g i n
“B o o g ie W oogie" m u s ic .
She h a s t a k e n p a r t i n th e s c h o o l
a s s e m b lie s b y p la y in g t h e p i a n o . She s a i d s h e h a s no d e s i r e t o c o n tin u e h e r s c h o o lin g and h e r o n ly v o c a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t w o u ld b e s i n g i n g and p l a y i n g th e p i a n o . Mae»s p la n s f o r t h e f u t u r e a r e t o s i n g and t o g e t m a rrie d .
She s a i d sh e w ould l i k e t o h av e one b oy and one
g i r l as h e r fa m ily .
H er i n t e r e s t i n m u sic i s s u b s t a n t i a t e d
by a p e r c e n t i l e s c o re o f 82 on th e K uder P r e f e r e n c e t e s t in th a t p a r tic u la r f i e l d .
40
The r e s u l t s o f th e t e s t s a d m i n i s t e r e d t o Mae a r e as fo llo w s :
The A d ju s tm e n t I n v e n t o r y - B e l l » _______ Home
H e a lth
20
15
S o c ia l 9
E m o tio n a l 19
T o ta l 65
S ta n f o r d A chievem ent T e a t , Form D P arag rap h Word ' ’ " M eaning M eaning A v erag e 8 .3
9 .1
8 .7
O tis Q u ic k - s c o r in g M ental-Gamma T e s t 77
#Key t o t h i s t e s t i s i n t h e A p p en d ix
41 I I . DIAGNOSIS The B e l l A d ju s tm e n t I n v e n to r y T e s t i n d i c a t e s t h a t M ae’ s a d ju s tm e n ts a r e v e r y u n s a t i s f a c t o r y . th e f o llo w in g s c o r e s ;
She r e c e i v e d
hom e, 2 0 , v e r y u n s a t i s f a c t o r y ;
h e a l t h , 1 5 , u n s a t i s f a c t o r y ; s o c i a l , 9 , a g g r e s s i v e ; and e m o tio n a l, 1 9 , u n s a t i s f a c t o r y . T h is i s e a s i l y u n d e r s to o d a f t e r r e v ie w in g t h e d e t a i l s of her lif e .
I t i s a p p a r e n t t h a t Mae h a s n e v e r h a d a
w holesom e e n v iro n m e n t i n w h ic h sh e r e c e i v e d lo v e and u n d e rs ta n d in g .
On t h e c o n t r a r y , sh e h a s a p p a r e n t l y h e e n
a s s o c i a t e d w ith an o b v io u s ly e m o tio n a lly u n s t a b l e home, i n w h ic h s h e h a s b e e n r e j e c t e d b y h e r p a r e n t s an d f a m ily as w e ll. By r e v ie w in g a few o f t h e I n c i d e n t s I n M ae’ s l i f e , one c o u ld e a s i l y u n c o v e r f a c t s w h ic h s u b s t a n t i a t e t h e s e c o n c lu s io n s .
F o r e x a m p le , h e r e a r l y e n v iro n m e n t, a f u n e r a l
hom e, c o u ld h a r d l y b e r e g a r d e d a s th e p r o p e r p la c e t o re a r a c h ild .
The s h o c k o f b e in g f o r c e d t o v ie w h e r
f a t h e r embalm h e r g r a n d f a t h e r c o u ld d e f i n i t e l y b e s i g h t e d a s a n e a r l y c a u s e o f e m o tio n a l i n s t a b i l i t y . Mae’ s m o th e r a l s o a p p e a r s t o be u n s t e a d y , w h ic h i s shown by h e r m a r r i a g e s , h e r c o n s t a n t n a g g in g and c o m p la in in g t o M ae.
H er r e j e c t i o n o f Mae, w h ic h was i n d i c a t e d by
h e r l e a v i n g h e r an d g o in g t o a n o t h e r p a r t o f t h e c o u n t r y ,
42 m ig h t h e l p t o e x p l a i n M ae’s o c c a s i o n a l o u t b u r s t s and d i s l i k e s to w a rd h e r m o th e r and th o s e a b o u t h e r .
F u rth e r
r e j e c t i o n i s in d ic a te d by th e f a m ily ’s a p p a re n t d i s l i k e f o r Mae and t h e s u g g e s t i o n t h a t sh e was t o b lam e f o r h e r g r a n d m o th e r ’ s d e a t h . Mae a p p e a r s t o h av e a te n d e n c y t o d r a m a tiz e h e r s e l f w h ich w as p o i n t e d o u t i n h e r a u to b io g r a p h y when sh e s a i d , '*1 h a v e l e d a v e r y d a r k an d m y s te r io u s l i f e . " H er w a n tin g t o k i l l h e r m o th e r o r h e r s e l f c o u ld be re a l fe e lin g s .
On th e o t h e r h a n d , th e y c o u ld b e a c t s t o
c a ll a tte n tio n to h e rs e lf* The f r e q u e n t b e a t i n g s r e c e i v e d b y Mae a t t h e h a n d s o f h e r s t e p f a t h e r a p p e a r t o h av e h e a p e d more c o a l s o f r e s e n tm e n t and f e e l i n g s o f h o s t i l i t y a l r e a d y p r e s e n t in h e r. Mae a p p e a r s t o b e a l o s t p e r s o n , h a v in g no one t o whom s h e can t u r n , w ith t h e p o s s i b l e e x c e p ti o n o f h e r boy f r i e n d , f o r a f f e c t i o n an d u n d e r s t a n d i n g . She a l s o h a s h a d t o c a r r y a d o u b le b u rd e n b y b e in g fro m tw o r a c e s and b e lo n g in g t o n e i t h e r .
I t ap p e ars th a t
sh e l a c k s s e c u r i t y and s e e k s t o g a i n i t a lo n g w ith a t t e n t i o n by v i o l e n t a c t s a g a i n s t h e r s e l f and s o c i e t y .
43 I I I . RECOMMENDATION S c h o o ls
I t i s d i f f i c u l t t o s a y w h at th e s c h o o l m ig h t
do i n a e a s e su c h a s t h i s .
H ow ever, t h e s c h o o l m ig h t
r e f e r Mae t o t h e p s y c h o l o g i c a l s e r v i c e s w i t h a recom m enda t i o n t o a n ag en cy t o p la c e h e r i n a n o t h e r home m ig h t be one s o l u t i o n t o t h e p ro b le m . The s c h o o l s h o u ld a l s o p r e s e n t th e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r h e r t o d i s p l a y h e r m u s ic a l t a l e n t s , s o sh e m ig h t g a i n s a t i s f a c t i o n and c o n f id e n c e th r o u g h a w holesom e a c t i v i t y . Home:
As i t w as p r e v i o u s l y recom m ended, Mae s h o u ld
b e rem oved fro m h e r p r e s e n t home and p la c e d w h ere sh e m ig h t re c e iv e th e p ro p er a t t e n t i o n .
I f t h e s e t h i n g s c o u ld be
a c c o m p lis h e d , h o w e v e r, i t i s q u e s t i o n a b l e a s t o w h at e x t e n t an y ch an g e i n Mae m ig h t b e n o t e d .
T h ese c o n f l i c t s
a r e s o d e e p ly r o o t e d t h a t th e i n v e s t i g a t o r f e e l s t h e r e i s little
hope f o r a s a t i s f a c t o r y
s o lu tio n .
CHAPTER VI THE CASE OP DIANE D ia n e i s s e v e n te e n y e a r s o f ag e and i n t h e e l e v e n t h g ra d e a t O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a , She i s d e s c r i b e d a s a s m a l l , f r a i l , b lo n d e g i r l , who i s v e r y n e a t , w e l l - d r e s s e d , and who a p p e a r s t o ta k e p r i d e i n h e r p e r s o n a l a p p e a ra n c e * D ia n e ’ s s c h o o l r e c o r d i s q u i t e c o m p le te , f o r s h e h a s alw a y s a t t e n d e d P r o g r e s s s c h o o l s . F o r t u n a t e l y , a l l o f h e r t e a c h e r s h a v e made comments c o n c e r n in g D ia n e ’s b e h a v io r th r o u g h o u t h e r s c h o o l l i f e . They a r e a s f o l l o w s ; 1 s t g rad e - " I r r e s p o n s ib le
and i n a t t e n t i v e ."
2nd g r a d e - "Weak i n f u n d a m e n ta ls ." 3 rd g rad e - " E a s ily d i s t r a c t e d . " 4 t h g r a d e - " S h o r t sp a n o f a t t e n t i o n . " 5 t h g r a d e - "N eeds p r a i s e and s u p e r v i s i o n . " 6 t h g r a d e - " G e ts w ork th r o u g h d i l i g e n t a p p lic a tio n ." 7 th g rad e - " S o c ia b le .
G row th i n e f f o r t . "
8 t h g r a d e - " Q u a rre ls o m e .
W orks w e l l w i t h much
p r a i s e *" 9 t h g r a d e - " E x tre m e ly e m o t i o n a l ."
45 1 0 th g r a d e - “U n i n t e r e s t e d i n a c ad e m ic w o r k .1* H e r s c o r e on th e O tis I n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t was 8 2 , w h ich I s c o n s id e r e d b elo w a v e r a g e . H er r e a d i n g a c t i v i t i e s a r e l i m i t e d t o m ovie m a g a z in e s an d m u rd e r m y s t e r i e s , a c c o r d in g t o t h e s t a t e m e n t s made by D ia n e i n h e r a u to b io g r a p h y . As D ian e s t a t e d , “The o n ly r e a s o n I come t o s c h o o l i s s o I c a n b e w i t h my f r i e n d s .
A c c o rd in g t o th e a t t e n
d a n c e r e c o r d s , h o w e v e r, D ia n e , a s a r u l e , h a s n o t b e e n a b s e n t fro m s c h o o l w ith t h e e x c e p ti o n o f a v e r y few tim e s because of i l l n e s s . The s c h o o l n u r s e ^ s r e c o r d I n d i c a t e d t h a t h e r m o th e r had d ie d o f tu b e r c u lo s is *
B e ca u se o f t h i s , D ian e h a s b e e n
c l o s e l y w a tc h e d a n d t u b e r c u l o s i s t e s t s h a v e b e e n g iv e n h e r y e a rly .
To d a t e , th e d i s e a s e h a s n o t a f f e c t e d h e r .
D iane
s a i d t h a t when s h e w as a v e r y s m a ll b a b y , sh e s u f f e r e d fro m m a s t o i d s .
H ow ever, a p p a r e n t l y h e r h e a r i n g h a s n o t
been a f f e c te d .
A c c o rd in g t o t h e s c h o o l r e c o r d s , sh e h a s
h a d no o t h e r s e r i o u s i l l n e s s an d h e r g e n e r a l p h y s i c a l co n d i t i o n , a s d e s c rib e d by th e sc h o o l n u rs e , is good. In t e l l i n g h e r l i f e
s t o r y , D ia n e s t a t e d t h a t when sh e
was n in e m o n th s o l d , h e r m o th e r d i d n o t c a r e t o h a v e h e r ; sh e t h u s a s k e d an o l d e r c o u p le t o t a k e th e c h i l d .
T h is
c o u p le a r e D Ia n e* s f o s t e r p a r e n t s who h av e a d o p te d h e r .
D ian e e x p l a i n e d t h a t h e r f o s t e r p a r e n t s a l r e a d y h a d one boy an d t h r e e g i r l s o f t h e i r own.
They w ere a l l i n t h e i r
l a t e t e e n s and e a r l y t w e n t i e s , h o w e v e r, s o t h e p a r e n t s f e l t i t w o u ld b e n ic e t o h av e a n o t h e r l i t t l e
g irl.
Ac
c o r d in g t o D ia n e , one o f t h e f o s t e r s i s t e r s , who was n i n e t e e n y e a r s o f ag e a t t h i s t im e , d e c id e d s h e w o u ld ta k e an a c tiv e p a r t in th e r e a r in g o f th e baby g i r l .
The f o s t e r
s i s t e r i s now m a r r ie d b u t d o e s n o t h av e a f a m il y o f h e r own.
As a r e s u l t , s h e h a s k e p t t h i s I n t e r e s t i n D ian e and
h a s h a d h e r v i s i t i n h e r home d u r in g t h e summ ers and h a s g iv e n h e r many m a t e r i a l p o s s e s s i o n s . D i a n e 's a t t i t u d e to w a rd h e r f o s t e r p a r e n t s a p p e a r s t o b e one o f m ix ed e m o tio n .
On one h a n d , s h e a p p a r e n t l y
r e s e n t s t h e i r a u t h o r i t y an d y e t f e e l s a s e n s e o f d u ty to w a rd th e m .
They h a v e r a i s e d h e r fro m t h e v e r y b e g in n in g
w ith t h e k n o w led g e t h a t s h e was a d o p t e d .
A c c o rd in g t o
D ian e th e y h av e t o l d h e r a b o u t h e r own m o th e r and h av e d e s c r i b e d h e r a s a ’’w i l d , s i c k woman, u n f i t t o m o th e r a c h ild .0
The f o s t e r p a r e n t s a l s o r e l a t e d t h a t when D i a n e 's
m o th e r v i s i t e d h e r s h e was u n d e r t h e i n f l u e n c e o f a l c h o l i c b e v e ra g e s.
When D ian e was s i x y e a r s o l d , h e r own m o th e r
d ie d o f t u b e r c u l o s i s .
From t h e s t o r y t o l d D ian e b y h e r
f o s t e r p a r e n t s , th e w h e re a b o u ts o f h e r f a t h e r h a s alw a y s b e e n unknow n.
I n r e l a t i n g th e s e f a c t s , i t becam e a p p a r e n t
t h a t D ian e r e s e n t e d d e e p ly h e r b e i n g l e f t b y h e r own m o th er .
47 D ian e s t a t e d t h a t t h e t h i n g w h ich u p s e t s h e r th e m ost i s when on c e r t a i n o c c a s io n s sh e d o e s n o t b e h a v e o r do w h at h e r f o s t e r m o th e r e x p e c t s , h e r f o s t e r m o th e r w i l l b e g in t e l l i n g h e r o f t h e s a c r i f i c e s sh e and h e r h u sb a n d h av e made i n o r d e r t o g iv e th e g i r l a hom e.
T h is s e e m in g ly
u p s e t s D ia n e an d sh e s a i d sh e o f t e n f l a r e s b a c k s a y in g t h i n g s s h e d o e s n o t mean and f o r w h ic h sh e i s l a t e r s o r r y . D ian e s t a t e s t h a t i t seem s t o b e w o rs e t h e o l d e r s h e b e co m es.
She s a i d t h e m in u te sh e s t e p s i n t o th e h o u s e , sh e
an d h e r m o th e r s t a r t q u a r r e l i n g . D i a n e 's a t t i t u d e to w a rd h e r f o s t e r m o th e r i s d e s c r i b e d b y h e r when sh e re m a rk e d , " S h e 's good t o m e. i s , s h e g i v e s me a l l t h e c l o t h e s I w a n t.
T hat
So I g u e s s I ' l l
j u s t g e t a s much a s I c a n ; th e n I ' l l l e a v e . " When a s k e d a b o u t h e r f o s t e r f a t h e r , sh e s a i d , "Oh, h e ' s a s w e l l o ld g u y .
H e 's q u i e t and n e v e r s a y s a n y t h i n g ."
D ian e s t a t e d t h a t h e r p a r e n t s w e re n o t s t r i c t w i t h h e r.
She was a b l e t o g o o u t on w eek n i g h t s , a s w e l l a s
on w e e k e n d s .
She s a i d h e r m o th e r was a lw a y s t h r e a t e n i n g
h e r i f sh e d i d n o t b e h a v e o r d o c e r t a i n t h i n g s s h e w ould b e r e s t r i c t e d f o r th e w ee k en d .
H ow ever, as D ian e r e
m a rk e d , "She n e v e r k e e p s a p r o m is e .
I alw a y s know I c a n
g e t away w i t h a b o r t a n y th in g X p l e a s e . " At tb e p r e s e n t tim e , D i a n e 's f o s t e r p a r e n t s a r e g iv in g a home t o tw o l i t t l e
g i r l s , age t h r e e and age s e v e n .
48 T h e ir m o th e r i s i n th e in s a n e a sy lu m an d t h e i r f a t h e r d e s e r t e d th e m .
D ian e s a i d sh e th o u g h t i t w as '’s w e l l ” o f
h e r m o th e r t o g iv e t h e s e l i t t l e
g i r l 3 a home*
A c c o rd in g t o D ia n e , th e f a m il y i s f i n a n c i a l l y w e l l o ff.
I n d e s c r i b i n g h e r hom e, sh e s a i d i t w as q u i t e l a r g e
w ith t h r e e b e d ro o m s .
She h a s a room t o h e r s e l f w h ere she
h a s h e r own r a d i o and o t h e r p o s s e s s i o n s . At home D ian e s a i d s h e s p e n t m o st o f h e r tim e lo o k in g a t t e l e v i s i o n , th e r e s t o f t h e tim e k n i t t i n g an d l i s t e n in g t o t h e r a d i o . S o c i a l l y , D iane a p p e a r s n o t t o o w e l l - l i k e d b y t h o s e a ro u n d h e r .
T h is D ia n e seems t o r e a l i z e and h a s s a i d i t
was b e c a u s e o f h e r ”s h a r p t o n g u e . 1’
S h e , h o w e v e r, b e lo n g s
t o a g i r l s ’ c l u b , b u t l i m i t s h e r s e l f t o one c l o s e g i r l frie n d .
She h a s a boy f r i e n d whom s h e p l a n s t o m a rry when
sh e g r a d u a t e s fro m h ig h s c h o o l . D ia n e , i s i n f a v o r o f t h i s .
H er f a m i l y , a c c o r d in g t o
H ow ever* D ian e s a i d s h e c a n
n o t q u i t e d e c id e w h e th e r sh e r e a l l y w a n ts t o m a rry a s so o n a s sh e g r a d u a t e s , o r w h e th e r s h e s h o u ld go t o w ork f o r a w h ile .
She re m a rk e d t h a t sh e h a s alw a y s w a n te d t o t r a v e l
and w ould l i k e t o b e a h o s t e s s f o r th e a i r l i n e s . D ia n e a p p e a r s t o b e n e r v o u s and e x tr e m e ly r e s t l e s s i n th e c l a s s ro o m . re m a rk e d ,
At t h e p r e s e n t , h e r t e a c h e r s h a v e
’’D ian e i s e x tr e m e ly e m o t i o n a l . ”
’’She i s
49 q u a r r e l s o m e .11 h e r s h o u ld e r."
" S a r c a s t i c *"
" A p p e a rs t o h a v e a c h ip on
" B e llig e r e n t."
"A lw ays t a l k s b a c k ."
When a s k e d w h at s h e th o u g h t o f h e r s e l f , s h e r e p l i e d , " I 'm j u s t a s good as anyone e ls e .? * She s a i d s h e h a d no p a r t i c u l a r h o b b ie s o r i n t e r e s t s .
50
The r e s u l t s o f th e t e s t s g iv e n D ia n e a r e a s f o l l o w s :
The A d ju stm e n t I n v e n to r y - B e li f t_______ Home 16
H e a lth 9
S o c ia l 14
E m o tio n a l 19
T o ta l 58
S ta n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t . Form D P a rag rap h Word M eaning M ean in g .A verage 7 ,7
7 .5
7 .6
O tis Q u ic k - s c o r in g M ental-O aggaa T e a t 82
#Key t o t h i s t e s t i s i n t h e A ppendix
51 I I . DIAGNOSIS D ia n e * s r e c o r d o f r e b e l l i o u s n e s s i n s c h o o l m ig h t be e x p l a in e d b y h e r f e e l i n g o f r e j e c t i o n b y h e r n a t u r a l p a r e n ts , as w e ll as by h e r f o s t e r p a r e n ts .
The a p p a r e n t
l a c k o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g on t h e p a r t o f t h e f o s t e r p a r e n t s and th e f a c t t h a t h e r own m o th e r and f a t h e r d e s e r t e d h e r c o u ld e a s i l y b r i n g a b o u t f e e l i n g s of h o s t i l i t y . f u r t h e r s u p p o r te d b y th e r e s u l t s
T h is I s
o f th e B e l l A d ju stm e n t
I n v e n to r y w h ic h show h e r r e s u l t s t o b e an u n s a t i s f a c t o r y s c o r e o f 16 i n th e home and 19 i n e m o t i o n a l . She i s c o n s t a n t l y s e e k in g a t t e n t i o n b y b e in g q u a r r e l som e, f o r s h e a p p a r e n t l y h a s n e v e r l e a r n e d how t o g a i n r e c o g n i t i o n an y o t h e r w ay .
B e ca u se of h e r l a c k o f
s e c u r i t y i t seem s a s i f she a t te m p ts t o make u p f o r t h i s by e x a g g e r a t i o n a n d b y p l a c i n g h e r s e l f ab o v e o t h e r s b y b r a g g in g a b o u t h e r c l o t h e s and o t h e r m a t e r i a l p o s s e s s i o n s . F u n d a m e n ta lly , s h e a p p e a r s t o b e f r i g h t e n e d and i s c o n s t a n t l y t r y i n g t o im p re s s o t h e r s so t h a t s h e m ig h t g a i n s t a t u s i n t h e g r o u p , t h u s o v erco m in g h e r f e e l i n g s o f i n s e c u r i t y . ^
D ia n e ’ s d i s i n t e r e s t i n s c h o o l e o u ld e a s i l y b e s a i d
t o b e a r e s u l t o f h e r i n a b i l i t y t o r e a d , w h ic h i s i n d i c a t e d b y h e r s c o r e o f 7*6 on t h e S t a n f o r d A chievem ent T e s t , A dvanced R e a d in g T e s t , Form D, f o r g r a d e s 7 , 8 , and 9.
52
I I I . RECOMMENDATIONS S c h o o l:
I t i s th e re c o m m e n d a tio n o f th e I n v e s t i g a t o r
t h a t D ian e h e p la c e d i n a r e m e d i a l r e a d i n g c l a s s a s h e r s c o r e o f 7 .6 I s f a r h e lo w h e r g r a d e o f 1 1 . 3 .
A long w i t h
a r e a d i n g t e s t , an i n d i v i d u a l i n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t s h o u ld he g iv e n t o d i s c o v e r h e r p e rfo rm a n c e a b i l i t i e s . of te s ts
I f a s e rie s
c o u ld h e a d m i n i s t e r e d t o h e r t o d e te r m in e h e r
i n t e r e s t s and a b i l i t i e s , i t m ig h t a i d th e s c h o o l i n d i r e c t in g h e r a c t i v i t i e s s o t h a t sh e m ig h t l e a r n t o s u c c e e d i n a n o rm a l s i t u a t i o n . I t seem s a3 th o u g h s h e n e e d s t o r e a l i z e a c h ie v e m e n t i n some e n d e a v o r so a s t o h e a b l e t o com pare h e r s e l f fa v o ra b ly w ith h e r fe llo w c la s s m a te s .
By p l a c i n g D ian e i n
a s p e c i a l c l a s s w h ere o t h e r s a r e a l s o l i m i t e d sh e m ig h t becom e aw are o f b e in g a b le t o s u c c e e d . Home;
The f o s t e r p a r e n t s o f D ian e a r e a p p a r e n t l y
l a c k i n g i n an u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f h e r .
By c o n s t a n t l y re m in d
in g h e r o f t h e f a c t s s u r r o u n d in g h e r a d o p t io n and h e r d u t i e s t o h e r f o s t e r p a r e n t s , th e y h a v e s e e m in g ly s e t u p a r e b e l l i o u s , in s e c u r e f e e l i n g w i t h i n D ia n e .
I f a s o c ia l
w o rk e r c o u ld be s e n t t o t h e home t o e x p l a i n t o th e f o s t e r p a r e n t s t h e i r d u t i e s i n g i v i n g D ian e th e n e c e s s a r y lo v e a n d u n d e r s t a n d i n g , a h a p p y s o l u t i o n m ig h t b e r e a c h e d .
CHAPTER V II THE CASE OF FLORA I . INFORMATION F l o r a i s s e v e n te e n y e a r s o f age and i n t h e e l e v e n t h g r a d e a t O p p o r tu n ity Hlgfci S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a . F l o r a m ig h t b e d e s c r i b e d a s a s h o r t , s t o u t , p e a s a n t ty p e o f b lo n d e g i r l , w i t h a lo u d , c o a r s e v o i c e .
She
d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o b e to o c a r e f u l c o n c e r n in g h e r p e r s o n a l a p p e a r a n c e , a s h e r h a i r i s a lw a y s f l y i n g u n k e p t , an d h e r c lo th e s a re n o t to o c le a n o r n e a t .
S e e m in g ly , sh e I s
n e r v o u s , f o r sh e i s c o n s t a n t l y b i t i n g h e r f i n g e r n a i l s . F l o r a ’ s a c a d e m ic r e c o r d a t s c h o o l i s a r e f l e c t i o n o f h e r a p p a re n t la c k o f i n t e r e s t .
H er g r a d e s h a v e alw ay s
b e e n b e lo w a v e r a g e , a l t h o u g h , a c c o r d in g t o th e s c o r e o f 101 made b y F l o r a on th e O tis I n t e l l i g e n c e t e s t , h e r m e n ta l a b i l i t y i s a v e r a g e . H er b e h a v io r i n s c h o o l m ig h t a l s o sh e d l i g h t u p o n h e r low g r a d e s . th is :
Comments made by h e r t e a c h e r s i n d i c a t e
"O u tsp o k e n i n c l a s s . "
r e ls o m e ,"
"A t r o u b l e - m a k e r ."
"Q u ar
H er a tte n d a n c e r e c o r d i s a l s o i n d i c a t i v e o f
h e r l a c k o f i n t e r e s t a s sh e i s o f t e n t r u a n t fro m s c h o o l . The n u r s e 's f i l e
i n th e s c h o o l l i s t e d th e f o llo w in g
54 ite m s c o n c e r n in g F l o r a ’ s h e a l t h :
ty p h o id f e v e r , g l a s s e s
recom m ended, t e e t h i n n e e d o f c a r e , and o v e r e a t i n g .
Ac
c o r d in g t o F l o r a , h e r p r e s e n t p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n i s a v e ra g e • F l o r a 's f a m ily l i f e
a p p e a r s t o b e a v e r y u n h ap p y o n e .
As sh e d e s c r i b e d i t i n h e r a u to b io g r a p h y , ,fOur f a m il y i s a v ery q u eer o n e. u n le s s i t
My p a r e n t s n e v e r t a l k t o e a o h o t h e r
i s a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y , and t h e n t h e i r la n g u a g e
i s n ' t e x a c t l y th e n i c e s t .
My m o th e r and I g e t a lo n g
n i c e l y t o g e t h e r , b u t my f a t h e r and I j u s t d o n 't g e t a lo n g at a ll,” F l o r a 's m o th e r i s a w a i t r e s s an d h e r f a t h e r , when h e w o rk s , i s a m a in te n a n c e man i n a c a n n e r y . h e r f a t h e r a s "a man w ith h e a r t t r o u b l e . f o r h im s e lf and i s a b r a g g e r . a l l th e t i m e .
F lo ra d e s c rib e d He f e e l s s o r r y
He d r i n k s a l o t and s w e a rs
I 'm asham ed t o t a k e my f r i e n d s home b e c a u s e
I n e v e r know how h e 's g o in g t o a c t o r w h a t h e ' s g o in g t o s a y ." F l o r a a p p e a r s t o h a v e a g r e a t a d m ir a tio n f o r h e r m o th e r .
She s a i d s h e i s w i l l i n g t o h e l p w ith t h i n g s a t
hom e, so a s t o e a s e h e r m o t h e r 's b u r d e n . A c c o rd in g t o F lo ra * h e r p a r e n t s h a v e n o t g o t t e n a lo n g s i n c e th e y w e re m a r r i e d . on t h r e e o c c a s i o n s .
They, h a v e b e e n s e p a r a t e d
F l o r a r e l a t e d s e v e r a l i n c i d e n t s w h ich
h a v e t a k e n p la c e d u r in g t h e l a s t few y e a r s t o make h e r
d i s l i k e h e r f a t h e r , such a s :
’’L a s t C h r is tm a s E v e, my
f a t h e r g o t d ru n k a n d b e g a n b e a t i n g my m o th e r b e c a u s e sh e h a d gone o u t . th e p o l ic e .
I c o u l d n ’ t s t a n d i t any l o n g e r , s o I c a l l e d T h is w a s n ’t t h e f i r s t tim e t h i s h a s h a p p e n e d .
W henever h e d r i n k s , w h ich i s q u i t e o f t e n , he g e t s m ean . He g e t s made a t me t o o .
B ut I j u s t c a l l h im nam es and t r y
t o k e e p o u t o f h i s w a y .” F l o r a h a s a f i v e - y e a r o ld s i s t e r ,
a b o u t whom sh e
r e m a rk e d , "We g e t a lo n g v e r y w e l l b e c a u s e sh e i s s o much y o u n g er th a n I .
I t r e a t h e r m ore l i k e my own c h i l d th a n
my s i s t e r , b e c a u s e I b r o u g h t h e r u p . ” I n d e s c r i b i n g h e r hom e. F l o r a a p p e a r e d r a t h e r em b a rra sse d . to w n .”
She s a i d i t was a m e s s , l o c a t e d i n ’’s h a n ty
T h e re I s one bedroom w h ich sh e s h a r e s w i t h h e r
m o th e r and s i s t e r , w h ile h e r f a t h e r s l e e p s on t h e p o r c h . The s o c i a l h i s t o r y o f F l o r a may b e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e f o llo w in g comments made b y h e r t e a c h e r s th r o u g h o u t t h e g ra d es:
’’S eek s a t t e n t i o n . ”
" R e s e n ts c o r r e c t i o n . ”
c o n tin u e d p r a i s e an d e n c o u ra g e m e n t." p r e c i a t i o n a n d r e c o g n i t i o n fro m g r o u p .
"N eeds
" S t r i v i n g f o r ap T r i e s t o im p re s s
them w i t h h e r s o c i a l a c t i v i t i e s . ” F l o r a s t a t e d t h a t s h e l i k e s t o go a ro u n d w i t h a "g an g b e c a u s e i t m akes h e r f e e l i m p o r t a n t .
She s a i d sh e h a 3
many boy f r i e n d s and l i k e s t o g iv e th e im p r e s s io n o f im
56 m o ra l b e h a v io r w i t h th e m . She w i l l o f t e n s h o u t a c r o s s th e c la s s r o o m s e n s a t i o n a l t h i n g s c o n c e r n in g h e r p e r s o n a l l i f e w i t h h e r boy f r i e n d s . She s a i d sh e d o e s t h i s t o s h o c k p e o p l e . •
She a p p e a r s t o be o f a r e b e l l i o u s n a t u r e and u s e s i t
t o b e th e c e n t e r o f a t t e n t i o n .
She r e m a rk e d , w hen a s k e d
why s h e w as t r u a n t , ” Qh, i t m akes me f e e l s u p e r i o r t o t h i n k I ’m g e t t i n g away w i t h s o m e th in g I s h o u ld n ’t d o . We j u s t r i d e a r o u n d , g o o v e r t o a y g i r l f r i e n d ’s h o u s e , d a n c e , p l a y c a r d s and r e a d lo v e m a g a z in e s .
T h en , when
we g e t b o r e d , we come b a c k t o s c h o o l . ” F l o r a s t a t e d t h a t sh e was n o t a f f i l i a t e d w i t h any c h u rc h b u t a t t e n d s fro m tim e t o tim e w i t h h e r f r i e n d s . Some o f th e s o c i a l a c t i v i t i e s e n jo y e d b y F l o r a w ere l i s t e d i n h e r a u t o b io g r a p h y .
They w ere s k a t i n g , d a n c in g ,
m o to r c y c lin g , a u to r a c i n g and w r e s t l i n g . l i s t e d a s c r o c h e t i n g an d k n i t t i n g .
H er h o b b le s w ere
The ty p e s o f b o o k s sh e
s t a t e d t h a t she l i k e d t o r e a d w ere com ic lo v e s t o r i e s , dog s t o r i e s , an d a d v e n tu r e s t o r i e s . F l o r a ’s a t t i t u d e to w a rd h e r s e l f a p p e a r s t o b e one o f I n s e c u r i t y and d i s g u s t .
As sh e s t a t e d , ” l ’m a m e s s .
O th e r p e o p le d o n ’t seem t o l i k e me o r e l s e t h e y d o n ’t seem t o a p p ro v e o f m e. do.
Someone a lw a y s i s t e l l i n g me w h at t o
I l o s e my te m p e r v e r y e a s i l y an d t h e n s a y mean t h i n g s .
57 G uess I p o u t when I d o n 't g e t my own w a y .1* To g iv e an exam ple o f h e r a t t i t u d e to w a rd h e r “ s e l f e x p r e s s e d b e s t g i r l f r i e n d , n sh e r e l a t e d ,
“ I 'm j u s t gonna
ta k e Jo e away fro m h e r , j u s t t o show h e r s h e 's n o t s u p e r i o r t o m e .tt
A p p a r e n tly F l o r a h a s h a d t o com bat th e
f e e l i n g t h a t t h o s e a ro u n d h e r a r e s u p e r i o r t o h e r a l l th ro u g h s c h o o l. As f o r F l o r a ’ s v o c a t i o n a l p l a n s , sh e i s i n t e r e s t e d i n beco m in g a n u r s e , b e c a u s e sh e s a i d s h e l i k e s t o t a k e c a re o f p e o p le .
H ow ever, h e r f u t u r e p la n s a r e u n c e r t a i n ,
a s she i s t r y i n g t o d e c id e w h e th e r s h e s h o u ld g o b a c k w i t h an o ld b o y f r i e n d who i s d i v o r c i n g h i s p r e s e n t w if e o r t o c o n tin u e s c h o o l .
The r e s u l t s of t h e t e s t s a d m i n i s t e r e d F l o r a a r e fo llo w s :
The A d ju stm e n t I n v e n t o r y - B e l l * Home
H e a lth
16
12
S o c ia l
E m o tio n a l
T o ta l
19
52
5
S t a n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t , Form D P a rag rap h Word “ M eaning M eaning A verage 8 .8
7 .5
8 .1
O tis Q u ic k - s c o r in g M ental-Gamm a T e s t 101
*Key t o t h i s t e s t i s i n th e .A p p e n d ix
59 I I . DIAGNOSIS P o s s ib ly b e c a u se o f h e r p a re n ts * u n s ta b le r e l a t i o n s h i p and r e j e c t i o n o f h e r b y h e r f a t h e r , F l o r a a p p e a r s t o be v ery in s e c u r e .
T h is r e j e c t i o n i s a p p a r e n t fro m th e
comment made by F l o r a when s h e s a i d , d o n ’t g e t a lo n g a t a l l . "
"My f a t h e r and I j u s t
The f a c t t h a t s h e c a n n o t b r i n g
h e r f r i e n d s home b e c a u s e o f h e r f a t h e r ' s a c t i o n s a l s o c r e a t e s a f e e l i n g o f h o s t i l i t y to w a rd h im .
T h ese f e e l i n g s
o f i n s e c u r i t y an d h o s t i l i t y a r e r e v e a l e d i n th e B e l l Ad ju s tm e n t t e s t , , on w h ic h s h e made p o o r s c o r e s i n home an d i n e m o tio n a l, 16 an d 19 r e s p e c t i v e l y . As w as p r e v i o u s l y s t a t e d , sh e a t te m p ts t o g a i n a t t e n t i o n b y d e s c r i b i n g s o c i a l l y u n a c c e p te d s i t u a t i o n s i n w h ic h sh e h a s become I n v o lv e d .
H er way o f " g e t t i n g b a c k "
and sho w in g h e r s u p e r i o r i t y i s p r o b a b ly t h e r e a s o n f o r h e r t r u a n c i e s and p o o r c o n d u c t w h ile In s c h o o l . P e rh a p s th e low s c o r e r e c e i v e d b y F l o r a on t h e S ta n f o r d A ch iev em en t t e s t m ig h t be a t t r i b u t e d t o p o o r e y e s ig h t.
As t h e s c h o o l n u r s e recom m ended g l a s s e s , i t
m ig h t p ro v e t o b e a n im p o r ta n t f a c t o r i n im p ro v in g h e r r e a d i n g s c o r e by p r o v i d i n g sam e.
60
I I I . 1EC0MMENDATI0NS S c h o o l: as t h i s .
The s c h o o l c a n o n ly go so f a r I n a c a s e s u c h
I f p o s s i b l e , F l o r a ’ s i n t e r e s t s s h o u ld h e d i s
c o v e re d and h e r e n e r g i e s d i r e c t e d i n th e p r o p e r c h a n e l s . The K uder P r e f e r e n c e t e s t i n d i c a t e s h e r I n t e r e s t i n n u r s in g a s sh e s c o r e d 81 i n th e f i e l d o f s o c i a l s e r v i c e .
P e rh a p s
F l o r a m ig h t f i n d h e r p la c e i n l i f e b y h e l p i n g o t h e r s . She m ig h t a l s o b e p la c e d i n a s e g r e g a t e d c l a s s so t h a t s h e w i l l n o t h a v e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o im p re s s th e m em bers o f th e o p p o s it e s e x . T h is i s p r i m a r i l y a home p ro b le m , h o w e v e r.
The
s c h o o l m ig h t recommend a s o c i a l w o rk e r t o th e hom e. The n e e d f a r m e d ic a l a t t e n t i o n i s h e a lth re c o rd .
in d ic a te d by h e r
The s c h o o l n u r s e s h o u ld n o t i f y t h e p a r e n t s
of t h i s . Home;
I t a p p e a r s a s i f a s o l u t i o n m ig h t be r e a c h e d
b y re m o v in g F l o r a fro m h e r p r e s e n t home e n v ir o n m e n t.
If
sh e c o u ld b e g iv e n a f e e l i n g o f b e lo n g in g In p la c e o f one o f r e s e n t m e n t , sh e m ig h t have p o s s i b i l i t i e s t o make some th in g of h e r s e l f .
The f a c t t h a t s h e I s I n t e r e s t e d I n
n u r s i n g c o u ld be a p a t h ta k e n b y t h e s c h o o l an d t h e home a lik e .
To e n c o u ra g e h e r i n h e l p i n g o t h e r s w o u ld i n a l l
p r o b a b i li t y a id h e r in h e lp in g h e r s e l f .
CHAPTER V III THE CASE OF NADEAN I . INFORMATION
N adean I s s e v e n te e n y e a r s o f ag e an d I n t h e e l e v e n t h g r a d e a t O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S e h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i f o r n i a , When f i r s t m e e tin g N ad ean , one i s v e r y much aw are o f a r a t h e r p r e t t y , s m a ll g i r l w i t h lo n g b le a c h e d s t r a w b e r r y b lo n d e h a i r . p e rso n .
She a p p e a r s t o be a ca lm a n d w e l l - p o i s e d
T h ro u g h o b s e r v a t i o n o v e r a p e r i o d o f t im e , i t was
n o te d t h a t N adean a p p a r e n t l y I s a v e r y v a i n g i r l who a t te m p ts t o b e t h e c e n t e r o f a t t e n t i o n among th e o p p o s it e s e x . H er c l o t h e s a r e alw a y s I n t h e b e s t o f t a s t e an d sh e a p p e a r s n e a t and w e ll-g ro o m e d a t a l l t i m e s .
She h a s a
w id e v a r i e t y of w e a r in g a p p a r e l fro m w h ic h t o c h o o s e .
She
s a i d t h i s was b e c a u s e ’’w h en e v er my m o th e r and I q u a r r e l , sh e a lw a y s b u y s me s o m e th in g new t o make u p f o r I t . ”
She
a l s o a d d e d , "We q u a r r e l q u i t e o f t e n , ” The s c h o o l r e c o r d s r e v e a l row a f t e r row o f f a i l i n g o r a lm o s t f a i l i n g g r a d e s .
A lth o u g h N a d e a n 's s c o r e on th e O tis
I n te llig e n c e T est in d ic a te s h e r in te llig e n c e q u o tie n t to b e 9 9 , w h ic h I s a v e r a g e , sh e h a s o b v io u s ly n o t w orked t o h e r c a p a c ity .
I t h a s j u s t b e e n I n t h e l a s t tw o y e a r s t h a t
62 sh e h a s b e e n p l a c e d i n a s p e c i a l c l a s s *
At t h e p r e s e n t ,
th e o n ly s e g r e g a t e d c l a s 3 sh e i s i n i s h i s t o r y .
She s a i d
s h e d i d n o t c a r e f o r i t fro m t h e s t a n d p o i n t o f n o t h a v in g b o y s i n th e ro o m .
O th e r w is e , sh e s a i d i t w as a l l r i g h t ,
a s sh e h a d more o f an o p p o r t u n i t y t o s t u d y . One o f h e r t e a c h e r s a n s w e re d , when a s k e d w h at k in d o f s t u d e n t N adean w as, ”A11 sh e d o e s i s t a l k t o th e b o y s . S h e 111 s a y a n y th in g t o g e t th em t o n o t i c e h e r .
Q u ite o f t e n
sh e u s e s p r o f a n i t y o r w i l l make some w ild s ta te m e n t co n c e r n i n g h e r p e r s o n a l l i f e w ith h e r many boy f r i e n d s , and i t becom es a p p a r e n t sh e i s m e re ly a t t e m p t i n g t o a t t r a c t a tte n tio n to h e r s e l f .” N adean i s e x tr e m e ly l a x when i t a t s c h o o l. tru a n t.
eomes t o a t te n d a n c e
She a p p e a r s t o b e v e r y u n r e l i a b l e and i s o f t e n
W henever a t e s t i s g i v e n , h e r t e a c h e r s a l l s a y s h e
i s i n e v i t a b l y a b s e n t , a n d m o st o f t h e tim e s h e m akes n o a tte m p t t o d o t h e w o rk .
N adean s t a t e d s h e h a s n e v e r l i k e d
s c h o o l and t h e o n ly r e a s o n sh e e v e r comes i s t o m eet t h e d i f f e r e n t s t u d e n t s an d ”b e s o c i a b l e . ” When sh e i s i n a t t e n d a n c e , s h e i s o f t e n t a r d y t o c l a s s . When t r u a n t fro m s c h o o l sh e s a i d s h e w ent s h o p p in g , a t te n d e d a show o r v i s i t e d i n h e r f r i e n d s ’ h o m e s. N adean’s h e a l t h r e c o r d i n d ic a t e s t h a t she h as had tr o u b le w ith h e r e y e s .
She s a i d s h e w ere g l a s s e s fro m th e
63 f i r s t to th e s ix t h g ra d e .
H ow ever, s h e s a i d sh e w on’t
w e a r th e m now, e v e n th o u g h sh e f e l t s h e n e e d e d th e m , a s sh e d o e s n o t t h i n k s h e lo o k s p r e t t y w ith th e m . At t h e age o f e l e v e n , a c c o r d in g t o N ad ean , sh e h a d a f a l l w h ic h i n j u r e d h e r fe m a le o r g a n s . s u f f e r e d a g r e a t d e a l fro m t h i s .
She s a i d sh e h a s
She a l s o s t a t e d t h a t th e
d o c t o r t o l d h e r i f sh e e v e r h a d any c h i l d r e n i t m ig h t c o s t h er her lif e .
She e x p r e s s e d a g r e a t f e a r o f t h i s and s a i d
i t w o r r ie d h e r a l l th e t i m e . N adean i s t h e y o u n g e s t o f f i v e c h i l d r e n .
She h a s tw o
b r o t h e r s , a g e s 23 and 2 7 , an d tw o s i s t e r s , a g e s 29 and 3 0 , a l l o f whom a r e m a r r ie d and l i v i n g away fro m hom e. p r e s e n t, she r e s id e s w ith h e r p a r e n t s .
At t h e
She s a i d s h e f e l t
a s i f sh e w ere t h e o n ly c h i l d , a s s h e h a s b e e n r a i s e d p r a c t i c a l l y by h e r s e l f , f o r h e r b r o t h e r s and s i s t e r s l e f t when t h e y w ere a l l q u i t e y o u n g . N a d e a n ’s o l d e s t s i s t e r , who i s now d iv o r c e d an d l i v i n g i n a c i t y a b o u t 500 m il e s fro m P r o g r e s s , i s v e r y much i n te re s te d in h e r .
She h a s a s k e d N adean on many o c c a s io n s
t o come t o l i v e w ith h e r .
H ow ever, N adean h a s t r i e d , b u t
sh e s a i d sh e m is s e d h e r f o l k s to o m uch.
L a s t sum m er, f o r
e x a m p le , N adean s a i d sh e was v i s i t i n g h e r s i s t e r who d e c id e d t o s e n d N adean t o a m o d e lin g s c h o o l . N adean s t a t e d ,
H ow ever,
”l t a l l ended in a q u a r r e l, b ecau se I d id
64 n o t w an t t o g o t o s c h o o l , a n d h e r boy f r i e n d was a lw a y s b o s s i n g me a n d t e l l i n g me w h at t o d o , s o I j u s t p a c k e d my c l o t h e s an d came hom e.
Now my s i s t e r i s r e a l a n g ry w ith
me and i s c o n s t a n t l y w r i t i n g my m o th e r, t e l l i n g h e r how ■ u n g ra te fu l I am and t h a t I M l n e v e r am ount t o a n y t h i n g . " A c c o rd in g t o N adean*s a u to b io g r a p h y , h e r f a t h e r i s a w e ld e r and h e r m o th e r i s a m an ag er o f a c a f e t e r i a .
She
s a i d h e r f o l k s a r e away a g r e a t d e a l , s o s h e i s l e f t t o do a s sh e p l e a s e s .
She a l s o s t a t e d t h a t h e r m o th e r i s a l
w ays l e t t i n g h e r r e d e c o r a t e h e r own b ed ro o m t o k e e p h e r happy. N adean s a i d h e r m o th e r and f a t h e r g e t a lo n g w e l l . The m eth o d o f d i s c i p l i n e u s e d ,,b y h e r m o th e r i s t o f o r b i d h e r t o go o u t w i t h h e r b o y f r i e n d s . "When sh e s a y s
N adean re m a rk e d ,
*no* s h e m eans *nol-,,t
S o c i a l l y , N adean a p p a r e n t l y . s p e n d s m o st o f h e r tim e w ith h e r b o y f r i e n d s .
She s a i d s h e a t t e n d s c h u rc h i r
r e g u l a r l y a n d h a s no I n t e r e s t i n c l u b s a t s c h o o l .
She
s t a t e d t h a t s h e h a d b e e n a s k e d t o j o i n c l u b s , b u t w as d i s i n t e r e s t e d b e c a u s e s h e d i d n o t c a r e f o r th e t h i n g s t h e y d i d . She h a s one c l o s e g i r l f r i e n d w i t h whom sh e i s o f t e n t r u a n t fro m s c h o o l , N adean s a i d w hen 3he and h e r b o y f r i e n d g o o u t , th e y a r e e i t h e r by th e m s e lv e s o r w ith o l d e r m a r r ie d c o u p l e s ,
65 b e c a u s e , a s s h e s t a t e d , "K id s I n h ig h s c h o o l a r e t o o s illy .” R e c e n tly , sh e r e m a rk e d , she h a s n a rro w e d h e r a s s o c i a t i o n s t o one b e y .
T h is f e l l o w g r a d u a t e d fro m h i g h s c h o o l
l a s t y e a r an d i s a t p r e s e n t em p lo y ed b y h i s f a t h e r i n g a r a g e w o rk .
A c c o rd in g t o N adean t h e y p l a n t o m a rry n e x t
y e a r , e v e n th o u g h s h e w i l l n o t h a v e f i n i s h e d h i g h s c h o o l . H er p a r e n t s , N adean s a i d , a r e i n s i s t i n g t h a t s h e f i n i s h s c h o o l.
She re m a rk e d she wa3 w i l l i n g t o d o t h i s b u t h a t e d
t o a s s h e d i s l i k e d s c h o o l s o m uch. D u rin g h e r l e i s u r e t im e , N adean s a i d sh e k n i t s and p l a y s th e p i a n o .
She s a i d sh e d i s l i k e d r e a d i n g b u t " lo v e d "
t o lo o k a t m ovie m a g a z in e s .
S e v e ra l o f h e r te a c h e rs have
com m ented on t h i s b y s t a t i n g , " A ll N adean d o e s i n c l a s s i s t o lo o k a t m ovie m a g a z in e s and t a l k t o t h e b o y s . ” E m o ti o n a lly , N adean d e s c r i b e d h e r s e l f a s b e in g "m oody, d e p r e s s e d an d s a r c a s t i c . ?
To a l l o u tw a rd a p p e a r a n c e s , sh e
i s q u ite c o n fid e n t of h e r s e l f .
A c c o rd in g t o th e B e l l Ad
ju s tm e n t I n v e n to r y she i s e m o t i o n a l l y a v e r a g e . She s t a t e d sh e h a s a v i o l e n t d i s l i k e f o r an y o n e who d rin k s in to x ic a tin g l i q u o r s .
In r e l a t i n g t h i s
sh e d e s
c r i b e d a n I n c i d e n t In w h ic h h e r b r o t h e r cams o v e r t o h e r f o l k s ' home and made a v e r y u n p l e a s a n t s c e n e w h ile i n a d ru n k e n c o n d i t i o n .
S in c e t h a t t i m e , N adean s a i d s h e h a s
66 c o m p le te ly l o s t r e s p e c t f o r h im b e c a u s e o f h i s d r in k in g * As f o r t h e f u t u r e , N adean h a s s t a t e d a s l i g h t i n t e r e s t i n s e c r e t a r i a l w ork b u t h a s n o t made an a tte m p t t o d o a n y th in g a b o u t i t .
The o n ly s u b j e c t w h ic h she h a s t a k e n
i n th e s e c r e t a r i a l c o u r s e i3 t y p i n g , w h ic h s h e s a i d sh e f a i l e d because of poor a tte n d a n c e .
67
The r e s u l t s o f th e t e s t s g iv e n N adean a r e a s f o l l o w s :
The A d ju s tm e n t I n v e n t o r y - B e l l * Home 9
H e a lth
S o c ia l
11
6
E m o tio n a l 9
T o ta l 35
S t a n f o r d A ch iev em en t T e s t , Form D " P a ra g ra p h Word ! M eaning M eaning__________ A v erag e 9 .0
8 .6
8 .8
O tis Q u lc k - s c o r in g Ment a 1-Gamma T e s t 99
*Key t o t h i s t e s t i s i n th e A p pendix
68 I I . DIAGNOSIS I t Is a p p a r e n t t h a t N adean h a s n e v e r known r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a t h em e.
H er p a r e n t s h a v e o b v io u s ly l e t h e r d o a l
m o st a s s h e p l e a s e s .
The f a c t t h a t s h e i s t h e y o u n g e s t o f
f i v e c h i l d r e n , an d th e o n ly one l e f t a t hom e, m ig h t a c c o u n t f o r t h e p a r e n t s ' a t t i t u d e to w a rd h e r .
The in d u lg e n c e s o f
m a t e r i a l t h i n g s b y h e r m o th e r an d s i s t e r t o make u p f o r q u a r r e l s , o r t o k e e p h e r wh a p p y ,“ h a v e n o t h e l p e d N adean t o d e v e lo p t h e r i g h t a t t i t u d e s to w a rd h e r f a m il y o r h e r own p la c e in l i f e .
H er e a r l y s i c k n e s s and f e a r s c o n c e r n in g
t h i s a g a in h a v e l e d t o an o v e r p r o t e c t i v e c h ild h o o d i n w hich sh e h a s h a d h e r own w ay . I n s c h o o l sh e h a s e x p r e s s e d t h i s l a c k o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y b y n o t a t t e n d i n g c l a s s e s and a p p a r e n t l y n o t a p p ly in g h e r s e l f i n h e r s c h o o l w o rk .
H ow ever, t h e s c o r e s made b y N adean
on t h e B e l l A d ju stm e n t I n v e n to r y a p p e a r t o b e a v e r a g e . III. S c h o o l:
RECOMMENDATIONS
B e c a u se N adean I s p la n n in g t o m a rry and
a t t e n d s c h o o l a f t e r w a r d , i t seem s t h a t th e d u t y o f th e sch o o l i s th r e e f o ld .
F irs t,
i t s h o u ld a t te m p t t o p r e p a r e
N adean i n e v e ry way p o s s i b l e f o r h e r d u t i e s a s a h o u s e w if e . Homemaking c o u r s e s , w h ich a r e o f f e r e d a t O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, s h o u ld be t h e c o r e o f h e r p ro g ra m .
I n t e r e s t In
69 t h e s e c r e t a r i a l f i e l d s h o u ld a l s o b e s t i m u l a t e d s o a s t o p r e p a r e h e r i n t h e e v e n t she m ig h t n e e d t o w ork*
The
R uder P r e f e r e n c e T e s t i n d i c a t e s a g r e a t i n t e r e s t i n c l e r i c a l w o rk , a s sh e s c o r e d 91 i n t h a t f i e l d . S e c o n d ly , th e g i r l s ' c o u n s e lo r m ig h t w ork c l o s e l y w ith h e r t o a t t e m p t t o make h e r r e a l i z e h e r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s an d t o d e v e lo p a n i n t e r e s t i n t h o s e a b o u t h e r . T h i r d , t h e s c h o o l n u r s e s h o u ld recom m end t o t h e f a m il y a p h y s i c a l e x a m in a tio n o f N adean by a d o c t o r t o d e te r m in e th e e x t e n t o f h e r i n j u r i e s i n e a r l i e r y e a r s .
P s y c h ia tric
h e l p m ig h t a l s o b e s u g g e s te d t o a i d h e r i n o v erco m in g t h e f e a r o f d y in g i n t h e e v e n t o f c h i l d b i r t h .
An ey e ex a m in a
t i o n s h o u ld b e g iv e n t o d e te r m in e t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r th e w e a r in g o f g l a s s e s , w i t h th e a p p e a r a n c e o f th e g l a s s e s k e p t i n m ind so t h a t N adean w i l l b e w i l l i n g t o w e a r th e m . Home:
The p a r e n t s , th r o u g h c o n s u l t a t i o n w ith th e
s c h o o l n u r s e and c o u n s e l o r , s h o u ld be made aw are o f N a d e a n 's l a c k o f i n t e r e s t i n s c h o o l an d h e r f e a r s co n c e rn in g h e r h e a l t h .
They s h o u ld s e e t h a t s h e h a s th e
p r o p e r m e d ic a l a t t e n t i o n .
P o s s i b l y , s h e s h o u ld b e g iv e n
s p e c i f i c t a s k s t o p e r f o r m a t hom e, so a s t o b u i l d w i t h i n h er a sense of re s p o n s ib ility .
CHAPTER IX SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY The I n v e s t i g a t o r h a s a t te m p te d t o p r e s e n t w i t h e a e h c a s e h i s t o r y th e g e n e r a l t y p e o f g i r l who I s e n r o l l e d i n th e MZH c l a s s a t O p p o r tu n ity H ig h S c h o o l, P r o g r e s s , C a l i fo rn ia .
H e r s o c i a l an d e d u c a t i o n a l n e e d s h a v e b e e n i n
d i c a t e d a t th e e n d o f e a c h s t u d y , w i t h re c o m m e n d a tio n s f o r b o th th e s c h o o l and t h e home t o f o llo w i n f u l f i l l i n g t h e s e n eed s.
The many p ro b le m s o f t h e s e g i r l s a p p a r e n t l y a r e a
r e s u l t o f p o o r home c o n d i t i o n s .
T h is s tu d y c o u ld i n d i c a t e
t h a t t h e s c h o o l m ig h t more an d m ore ta k e o v e r some o f th e d u t i e s o f th e home i n s o l v i n g t h e s e p r o b le m s . B e c a u se a l l o f t h e s e g i r l s
a r e e n r o l l e d I n one c l a s s ,
g e n e r a l i z a t i o n s s h o u ld b e made c o n c e r n in g t h e i r n e e d s and th e p ro g ra m th e s c h o o l s h o u ld d e v i s e i n m e e tin g t h e s e needs. I t a p p e a rs as i f th e s c h o o l h as ta k e n a s te p in th e r i g h t d i r e c t i o n by p la c in g th e s e g i r l s in a s p e c i a l c l a s s . H ere th e g i r l s a r e s e p a r a t e d fro m t h e b o y s .
B e ca u se o f
t h i s , many o f t h e s e g i r l s h a v e e x p r e s s e d th e I d e a t h a t th e y f e l t m ore a t e a s e w hen t h e r e w ere n o b o y s i n th e
71 ro o m .
They s t a t e d th e y c o u ld r e c i t e
in f r o n t of th e c la s s
w ith o u t b eco m in g f r i g h t e n e d o r s e l f - c o n s c i o u s *
B ecau se o f
t h i s , t h e i r t e a c h e r s h a v e s t a t e d t h a t th e y a r e v e ry w i l l i n g t o do o r a l w o rk .
The i n v e s t i g a t o r f e e l s t h a t t h i s i s a
v e r y im p o r ta n t f a c t o r i n d e v e lo p in g p o i s e and a s e n s e o f s e c u r i t y w i t h i n t h e g i r l s b y o v erco m in g th e f e e l i n g s o f i n f e r i o r i t y t h a t s o many o f them a p p e a r t o p o s s e s s . REG OMMENDATIONS S c h o o l. 1.
The c l a s s e s o f t h i s t y p e s h o u ld b e s m a ll i n s i z e ,
p r e f e r a b l y tw e n ty t o t w e n t y - f i v e i n e a c h c l a s s . 2.
A d i s c u s s i o n c o n c e r n in g e a c h g i r l i n t h i s c l a s s
s h o u ld b e h e l d p r e v io u s t o h e r p la c e m e n t b e tw e e n t h e c o u n s e l o r p l a c i n g h e r and t h e t e a c h e r who w i l l c o n d u c t th e c la s s .
Ite m s t o b e d i s c u s s e d s h o u ld c o v e r su c h s u b j e c t s
as ; a.
In te llig e n c e q u o tie n t.
b.
S p e c i f i c n e e d s a s d e te r m in e d b y th e c o u n s e lo r•
c.
Home s i t u a t i o n .
d.
P r e v io u s s c h o o l r e c o r d . (1 )
C o n d u ct
(2 )
H e a lth
72 (3 ) 3.
A cadem ic
A f t e r e a c h g i r l h a s b e e n a s s ig n e d t o a c l a s s ,
i n d i v i d u a l t e s t s s h o u ld be c o n d u c te d .
4.
a.
In te llig e n c e .
b.
V o c a tio n a l i n t e r e s t s .
c•
R e a d in g a b i l i t y .
d.
A t t i t u d e s an d a p t i t u d e s
e.
E m o tio n a l s t a b i l i t y .
f.
P e rs o n a lity .
g*
H e a lth .
h.
F a m ily a d j u s t m e n t .
i.
S o c ia l a d ju s tm e n t.
T h ese s h o u ld i n c l u d e :
P e r s o n a l c o n f e r e n c e s by t h e t e a c h e r and th e i n
d i v i d u a l g i r l s h o u ld f o l l o w t h e t e s t s , s t r e s s i n g w h a t th e g i r l h e r s e l f f e e l s a r e h e r n e e d s an d i n t e r e s t s . 5.
The s c h o o l s h o u ld i n t u r n d e v i s e a p ro g ra m w h ic h
w i l l a d j u s t t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l g i r l ’ s n e e d s and w h ic h w i l l a i d h e r i n b eco m in g a u s e f u l c i t i z e n . We m u st rem em ber t h a t t h e s e g i r l s , e v e n th o u g h th e y l a c k i n s p e c i f i c a b i l i t i e s , w i l l i n m o st c a s e s m a rry and becom e t h e m o th e rs o f th e n e x t g e n e r a t i o n .
I t i s w ith
t h i s i n m in d , a s w e l l a s f o r t h e i r own b e n e f i t , t h a t th e s c h o o l an d th e t e a c h e r s m u st d o a l l i n t h e i r pow er t o f u l f i l l t h e s e g i r l s ’ n e e d s a lo n g w ith g i v i n g them a s e n s e o f
73 s e l f - c o n f i d e n c e and above a l l t o h e l p th e m l e a r n r e s p o n s i b ility .
T h is l a s t q u a l i t y i s p e r h a p s t h e m ost I m p o r ta n t
c o n s i d e r a t i o n , a s i f one i s t o be a u s e f u l c i t i z e n , h e m ust a l s o be a re s p o n s ib le o n e. How t h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y w i l l b e d e v e lo p e d i s t o b e l e f t t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h e r , a s s h e m u st m eet w i t h e a c h g i r l t o d e te r m in e w hat c o u r s e o f a c t i o n w i l l b e b e s t s u i t e d i n d e v e lo p in g th o s e d e s i r a b l e t r a i t s w i t h i n t h a t p a r t i c u l a r g irl* Home.
The s c h o o l m u st a l s o r e v ie w e a c h e a s e and
p r e s e n t re c o m m e n d a tio n s t o t h e home s o t h a t th e p a r e n t s m ig h t become aw are o f t h e i r d a u g h t e r 's p ro b le m .
The u l t i
m a te g o a l w i l l be t o h av e t h e s c h o o l and th e home w o rk in g h a n d i n h a n d f o r th e w e l f a r e o f e a c h g i r l .
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
J o n e s , A r th u r J . , P r i n c i p l e s o f G u id a n c e . M cG raw -H ill Book Company, I n c * , 1934*
New Y orks
R I v l l n , H a rry N ., Edu c a t inje; f o r Ad .jus fcme n t . New Y orks D . A p p le to n -C e n tu r y Company, I n c . , 1936• S t r a n g , R u th , The R o le o f t h e T e a c h e r i n P e r s o n n e l W ork. New Y o rk : B u rea u o f P u b l i c a t i o n s , T e a c h e r s C o l le g e , G olum bia U n i v e r s i t y , 1 9 3 5 . T r a x l e r , A r th u r E . , T e c h n iq u e s o f G u id a n c e . H a rp e r an d B r o t h e r s , 1 9 4 5 .
New Y o rk ;
APPENDIX
OPPORTUNITY HIGH SCHOOL P ro g r e a s , C a l i f o r n i a
QUESTIOHAIRE Dat©_ -A -
Name o f S
t
G ra d e :
10A
t
12B
12A
(c irc le co rrect g rad e)
P r e s e n t a d d r e s s _________________________
T e le p h o n e ______
Age
d
e
11B
11A
___________________
n
10B
u
B irth p la c e
W ith whom
do y o u l i v e ?
( C i r c l e c o r r e c t a n sw e r)
f a t h e r and m o th e r , m o th e r o n ly , f a t h e r o n ly , g u a rd ia n , o th e r -B P h y s l e a l R e c o rd 1*
What i s t h e c o n d i t i o n o f y o u r g e n e r a l h e a l t h ?
2.
Do y o u s u f f e r fro m h e a d a c h e s ?
3.
Have y o u e v e r h a d an y t r o u b l e w i t h y o u r eyes?__
O th e r P a in s ?
Do y o u w e a r g l a s s e s ? _______________________________ 4.
Have y o u e v e r h a d t r o u b l e i n h e a r i n g ? __________
5.
Do y o u h a v e h e a r t t r o u b l e ? _______________________
78 6.
Have y o u an y o t h e r p h y s i c a l d e f e c t s I f s o , w hat a r e t h e y ?
7.
________________
______________________________
Have y o u a s p e e c h d e f e c t ?
Wh a t i s i t ?
-C -
Home an d F a m ily R e co rd 1.
How lo n g h av e y o u l i v e d i n P r o g r e s s ?
2.
How many y e a r s h a v e y o u a t t e n d e d P r o g r e s s S c h o o ls ? __________ . What o t h e r s c h o o l s , i f a n y , h a v e y o u a t t e n d e d an d w h e re ?
3.
_____
Do y o u now w ork o u t s i d e th e hom e? I f s o , w h at ty p e o f w ork do y o u d o ?
_________
4.
Of w hat c h u re h a r e you a member ?—______________
5.
F a t h e r ‘s name______________________________________ B i r t h p l a c e ___________ ______ ____________________ ( C ity and S t a t e , F o r e ig n C o u n try ) N at i o n a l i t y ____________________________ ____________ P r o f e s s i o n o r o c c u p a ti o n I s h i s h e a l t h g o o d ?______________________________ I f d e c e a s e d , g iv e d a t e o f d e a t h
6•
____ _________
M o tb e r1s name______________________________________ B irth p la c e N a tio n a lity
■ _____________ ( C ity an d S t a t e , F o r e ig n C o u n try )
____
79 P r o f e s s i o n o r o c c u p a tio n _________________________ I s h e r h e a lt h good?
_____________________ ____
I f d e c e a s e d , g iv e d a t e o f h e r d e a t h ___________ 7.
S t e p - p a r e n t o r g u a r d i a n ’s name B irth p la c e
________________________ ( C ity and S t a t e , F o r e ig n C o u n try )
N at i o n a l i t y ________________________________________ P r o f e s s i o n o r o c c u p a ti o n I s h i s h e a l t h g o o d?______________________________ I f d e c e a s e d , g iv e d a t e o f d e a t h
___________
8,
B r o t h e r s : (nam es and a g e s ) _____________________
9.
S is te rs :
(nam es and a g e s )
-D -
E d u c a tlo n o r T r a i n i n g P la n a 1.
When do y o u i n t e n d t o le a v e h i g h s c h o o l? _______________ a.
I f y ou p la n t o g r a d u a t e , d o you e x p e c t t o a t t e n d any i n s t i t u t i o n f o r f u r t h e r s t u d y ? I f s o , name ty p e o f s c h o o l ( u n i v e r s i t y , c o l l e g e , B u s in e s s s c h o o l , o r t r a d e s c h o o l)
h.
W i ll y o u n e e d t o e a r n a ( l i t t l e , c o n s i d e r a b l e , o r a ll)
o f y o u r way th r o u g h f u r t h e r s tu d y ? ____________
O c c u p a tio n a l C h o ice What i s y o u r p r e s e n t m a jo r? ________________________________ Have y o u d e c id e d w h at y o u w a n t t o do t o e a r n a l i v i n g ? a.
What i s y o u r o c c u p a t i o n a l c h o i c e ?
b.
I n w h a t o t h e r o c c u p a tio n s a r e y o u i n t e r e s t e d ?
c.
What c o u r s e s do y o u b e l i e v e y o u w i l l h av e h a d when y o u le a v e h ig h s c h o o l w h ic h w ould h e l p y ou t o se cu re a p o s itio n ?
-F Home P la n s I f y ou d e s i r e t o m a rr y , w hat t r a i n i n g d o y o u p la n i n h ig h s c h o o l t h a t w i l l h e lp you in y o u r m a rr ia g e ?
I f y o u h av e m a r r ia g e p l a n s , do t h o s e p la n s I n c lu d e c h i l d r e n ? _________________________________________________ What t r a i n i n g h av e y o u h ad f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g a home?
-G~ L e ls u r e I n t e r e s t I n v e n to r y
81 1.
W hich o f t h e f o llo w in g do y o u r e a d o u t s i d e o f s c h o o l? com ic s t r i p s , n e w s p a p e r s , m y s t e r i e s , n o v e l s , p l a y s , recom m ended r e a d i n g o r h o o k l i s t s .
(C irc le c o r r e c t
a n sw e r) 2.
W hich, i f a n y , o f th e f o l l o w i n g r a d i o p ro g ra m s d o you l i s t e n to ?
3.
Hews, s p o r t s , d ra m a , m u s ic , e t c . ?
Do y o u h a v e a p a r t i c u l a r h o b b y o r i n t e r e s t ? __________ W hat?________________________________________________________
4.
Do y ou p l a y a m u s ic a l in s t r u m e n t? _________ W hat?_______
5.
Can y o u p a i n t ?
6.
To w h a t s c h o o l te am s o r o r g a n i z a t i o n s do y o u b e lo n g ?
s in g ? _______________________ ______
82 ATJTOBIOGRAPHY-ESSAY FORM 1.
Marne
____________________________________
2•
Ag©___________________ ;___________________
3.
S e h o o l l a s t a t t e n d e d ___________________
4.
P la c e of* b i r t h
5.
M o th e r’ s name and o c c u p a tio n _________
6.
F a t h e r ’ s name and o c c u p a tio n
7.
Are p a r e n t s t o g e t h e r ? ______________________________________
8.
W ith whom a r e y o u l i v i n g ?
9.
What a r e y o u r e d u c a t i o n a l p l a n s ? _____
_____ _________________________
10.
What I s y o u r p ro p o s e d v o c a tio n ? __________________________
11.
What ty p e o f b o o k s d o y ou r e a d ?
12.
What ty p e o f m a g a z in e s d o y o u r e a d ? _____________________
13.
What a r e y o u r s c h o o l a c t i v i t i e s ? _________________________
14.
What a r e y o u r l e i s u r e tim e a c t i v i t i e s ? __________________
15.
Do y o u g o t o sh o w s?_________ What k in d ? __________________
16.
What ty p e s o f r e c r e a t i o n d o y o u e n jo y ?
17.
What d i d y o u do t h i s l a s t summer?________________________
18.
How many b r o t h e r s an d s i s t e r s d o y o u h a v e ? _______ O ld e r
____________________
- -
_______
o r y o u n g e r? __________________________________________________ 19.
What i s y o u r a t t i t u d e to w a rd them ?__________________ ____
83 20.
P r e s e n t o t h e r i n f o r m a ti o n w h ieh w i l l h e l p o t h e r s t o u n d e r s ta n d y o u .
21.
At s c h o o l d o y o u l i m i t y o u r s e l f t o one o r a g ro u p o f f r ie n d s ?
22.
Do y o u h a v e a d a i l y n e w s p a p e r, a r a d i o o r t e l e v i s i o n i n y o u r home ?
23.
Do y o u h a v e a room o f y o u r own?_________________________
24.
W here do y o u s tu d y ? ____________ .
84 OUTLINE OF CASE HISTORY USED I.
INFORMATION A.
The C h ild 1.
2.
B.
C.
P re se n t s ta tu s a.
age
b.
sex
c.
g ra d e
Phys i c a l appe a r a n c e a.
U e n e r a l im p r e s s io n made b y t h e c h i l d
b.
N e a tn e s s and c o n d i t i o n o f c l o t h e s
c.
O bvious p h y s i c a l o r m e n ta l l i m i t a t i o n s
d.
M annerism s
S chool H is to ry 1.
H is to ry o f r e t a r d a t i o n or a c c e le r a ti o n
2.
S p e c ia l d e f ic ie n c ie s o r p r o f ic ie n c ie s
3.
P r e s e n t s c h o o l a c h ie v e m e n ts
4.
P a s t r e c o r d I n w o rk o r c o n d u c t
5.
O p in io n s o f f o rm e r t e a c h e r s an d c o u n s e lo r s
6.
G u id an ce q u e s t i o n a i r e
H e a lth and p h y s i c a l h i s t o r y 1*
V is io n
2.
H e a rin g
3.
S p eec h
85
D.
4.
N u tritio n
5.
T e e th
6.
S e r io u s i l l n e s s
7*
G e n e ra l p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n
F a m ily h i s t o r y 1.
E.
F*
P a re n ts a.
N a tio n a lity
b.
M a rita l s ta tu s
c.
E conom ic s t a t u s
d.
H e a lth
2.
B r o th e r s an d s i s t e r s
3.
M ethod o f d i s c i p l i n e
4.
A t t i t u d e to w a rd f a m il y
5.
L iv in g c o n d i t i o n s
S o c ia l h is to r y 1.
C h u rch
2.
A s s o c ia te s
3.
Gang a f f i l i a t i o n s
4.
L e is u r e tim e a c t i v i t i e s
5.
A t t i t u d e s to w a rd f r i e n d s
P e rs o n a lity t r a i t s 1.
G e n e r a l e m o tio n a l t o n e ;
f o r e x a m p le ,
c h e e r f u l , moody, e t c * 2.
A t t i t u d e to w a rd h i m s e l f , h i s a b i l i t i e s and
86 p r o b le m s .
G.
II. III.
3•
P la y l i f e
4.
H o b b ies
5.
M arked l i k e s a n d d i s l i k e s
6.
U nusual f e a r s
7.
Any s p e c i a l p e r s o n a l p ro b le m s
S p e c ia l I n te r e s ts 1.
A rt
2.
M usic
H.
E d u c a t i o n a l and v o c a t i o n a l I n t e r e s t s
I.
P la n s f o r th e f u t u r e
J.
T e s ts
-Diagnos i s R ecom m endations A.
S chool
B.
Home
87
KEY TO THE ADJUSTMENT INVENTORY by Hugh M. B e l l G irls A.
Home
0—2
E xce lle n fc
3—5
Good
6— 13
A verage
1 4 -2 0
U n s a tis fa c to ry
above 20
V ery u n s a t i s f a c t o r y B.
H e a lth
0—1
E x c e lle n t
2— 4
Good
5— 11
A v erag e
1 2 -1 6
U n s a tis fa c to ry
above 16
V ery u n s a t i s f a c t o r y C.
S o c ia l
0—4
V ery a g g r e s s i v e
5 — 10
A g g re s s iv e
11-21
A v erag e
2 2 -3 0
R e tirin g
above 3 0
V ery r e t i r i n g D.
E m o tio n a l
0— 3
E x c e lle n t
4— 8
Good
9— 18
A verage
1 9 -2 4
U n s a tis fa c to ry
above 24
V ery u n s a t i s f a c t o r y T o ta l s
0 -1 5
E x c e lle n t
1 6 -3 1
Good
3 2 -5 7
A verage
5 8 -7 4
U n s a tis fa c to ry
above 74
V ery u n s a t i s f a c t o r y
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LIBRARY