America - The 50 States 1423238575, 9781423238577

Table of contents :
UNITED STATES MAP
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COL ORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING

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WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Columbia)

Flag: The flag consists

of 13 alternate stripes, 7 red and 6 white; these represent the 13 original colonies. Fifty 5-pointed white stars, representing the present number of states in the Union, are placed in 9 horizontal rows alternately of 6 and 5 against a blue field in the upper left-hand corner of the flag.

eagle with outstretched wings bears a shield consisting of 13 alternating white and red stripes with a broad blue band across the top. The right talon clutches an olive branch, representing peace; in the left are 13 arrows, symbolizing military strength. The eagle’s beak holds a banner with the motto “E pluribus unum” (From many one); overhead is a constellation of 13 fivepointed stars in a glory.

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Reverse: Above a truncated pyramid is an all-seeing eye within a triangle; at the bottom of this triangle appear the roman numerals MDCCLXXVI (1776). The pyramid stands on grassy ground against a backdrop of mountains. The words “Annuit Coeptis” (He has favored our undertakings) and, on a banner, “Novus Ordo Seclorum” (A new order of the ages) surround the whole. Anthem: The Star Spangled Banner Motto: In God We Trust

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Tree: Scarlet oak Fruit: Cherry Rock: Potomac bluestone In movies: All the President’s Men, The

American President, A Few Good Men, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington On television: Homeland, West Wing In literature: The Lost Symbol, The Night Gardener, Thank You for Smoking Famous people: Michael Chabon, Duke Ellington, Samuel L. Jackson

ALABAMA (AL)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (DC)

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Fish: Tarpon Flower: Camellia Tree: Southern (longleaf) pine Nut: Pecan Stone: Marble; Mineral: Hematite Dance: Square dance Insect: Monarch butterfly Spirit: Conecuh Ridge Alabama Fine Whiskey In movies: Forest Gump, My Cousin Vinny,

Fried Green Tomatoes

In literature: To Kill a Mockingbird Famous people: Helen Keller, Martin Luther King,

Jr., Harper Lee, Rosa Parks, Hank Williams

ALASKA (AK)

Origin of Name: Probably after the Alabama Indian tribe. Nickname: The Heart of Dixie Capital: Montgomery Entered Union: Dec. 14, 1819 (22nd) Size: 51,609 sq. mi. Motto: Audemus Jura Nostra Defendre (We dare defend our rights) Song: Alabama Bird: Yellowhammer, wild turkey

Origin of Name: From “Columbia,” a name

commonly applied to the US in the late 18th century, ultimately deriving from Christopher Columbus. Became US Capital: Dec. 1, 1800 Size: 69 sq. mi. Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for all) Bird: Wood thrush Flower: American beauty rose

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Origin of Name: From the Aleut word

“alakshak,” meaning “peninsula” or “mainland.” Nickname: The Frontier State Capital: Juneau Entered Union: Jan. 3, 1959 (49th) Size: 586,400 sq. mi. Song: “Alaska’s Flag”

Alaska (continued) Motto: North to the Future Gem: Jade; Mineral: Gold Bird: Willow ptarmigan Fish: King salmon Mammal: Moose, bowhead whale Insect: Four spot skimmer dragonfly Fossil: Wooly mammoth Flower: Wild forget-me-not Tree: Sitka spruce Sport: Dog team racing (mushing) In movies: Insomnia, Into the Wild In literature: The Call of the Wild Famous people: Jewel, Curt Shilling

ARIZONA (AZ)

Origin of Name: Probably from the Pima or

Papago Indian word “arizonac,” meaning “place of small springs.” Nickname: The Grand Canyon State Capital: Phoenix Entered Union: Feb. 14, 1912 (48th) Size: 113,909 sq. mi. Song: “Arizona” Motto: Ditat Deus (God enriches) Bird: Cactus wren Fish: Apache trout Mammal: Ringtail Amphibian: Arizona tree frog Reptile: Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake Flower: Blossom of the saguaro cactus Tree: Paloverde Fossil: Petrified wood Metal: Copper In movies: Psycho, Raising Arizona In literature: Blood Meridian Famous people: Lynda Carter, Barbara Eden, Linda Ronstadt, Emma Stone

ARKANSAS (AR)

Origin of Name: French derivation of Akansas

or Arkansas, a name given to the Quapaw Indians by other tribes. Nicknames: The Land of Opportunity, The Natural State Capital: Little Rock Entered the Union: Jun. 15, 1836 (25th) Size: 53,103 sq. mi. Song: “Arkansas” Motto: Regnat Populus (The people rule) Bird: Mockingbird Mammal: White-tailed deer Flower: Apple blossom Tree: Pine Mineral: Quartz crystal; Gem: Diamond Rock: Bauxite Insect: Honeybee Beverage: Milk Grain: Rice Dance: Square dance Musical instrument: Fiddle In movies: Sling Blade, True Grit In literature: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, A Painted House Famous people: Maya Angelou, Sam Walton

CALIFORNIA (CA)

Origin of Name: Probably from the mythical

island of California in a 16th-century romance novel by Garci Ordonez de Montalvo.

Nickname: The Golden State Capital: Sacramento Entered Union: Sep. 9, 1850 (31st) Size: 158,693 sq. mi. Song: “I Love You California” Motto: Eureka (I have found it) Colors: Pale blue, golden yellow Animal: California grizzly bear (extinct) Bird: California valley quail Fish: Golden trout, garibaldi Flower: Golden poppy Fruit: Avocado; Vegetable: Artichoke Tree: California redwood Grain: Rice Nut: Almond Rock: Serpentine; Mineral: Native gold Reptile: California desert tortoise Amphibian: California red-legged frog Insect: California dog-face butterfly (flying

Motto: Qui Transtulit Sustinet (He who transplanted still sustains) Animal: Sperm whale Bird: American robin Dinosaur: Dilophosaurus Flower: Mountain laurel Tree: White oak Mineral: Garnet Insect: European praying mantis Ship: USS Nautilus Dance: Square dance Composer: Charles Edward Ives In movies: Christmas in Connecticut In literature: Revolutionary Road, The Stepford Wives Famous people: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Noah Webster, Eli Whitney

DELAWARE (DE)

pansy)

Marine Mammal: California gray whale Fossil: California saber-toothed cat Gold Rush ghost town: Bodie Silver Rush ghost town: Calico Tall ship: The Californian Dance: West Coast swing, square dance In movies: Chinatown, Dirty Harry, La La

Origin of Name: Named for Thomas West, Baron

De La Warr, colonial governor of Virginia. The name was first applied to the bay. Nicknames: The First State, The Diamond State Capital: Dover Entered Union: Dec. 7, 1787 (1st) Size: 2,057 sq. mi. Song: “Our Delaware” Colors: Colonial blue, buff Motto: Liberty and Independence Bird: Blue hen chicken animal: Grey fox, horseshoe crab Flower: Peach blossom Tree: American holly Fruit: Strawberry Rock: Sillimanite Seashell: Channeled whelk Insect: Ladybug; Butterfly: Tiger swallowtail Beverage: Milk Dessert: Peach pie In popular culture: Fight Club In literature: The Good Lord Bird, The Saint of Lost Things Famous people: Du Pont family, George Thorogood

Land, Vertigo In literature: The Big Sleep, The Black Dahlia, Cannery Row, East of Eden, The Grapes of Wrath Famous people: Shirley Temple Black, Jack London, John Muir, Marilyn Monroe, George S. Patton, Serena and Venus Williams

COL ORADO (CO)

Origin of Name: From the Spanish word

“colorado,” meaning “red” or “reddish brown.” Nickname: The Centennial State Capital: Denver Entered Union: Aug. 1, 1876 (38th) Size: 104,247 sq. mi. Song: “Where the Columbines Grow” Motto: Nil Sine Numine (Nothing without providence) Amphibian: Western tiger salamander Animal: Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep Bird: Lark bunting Fish: Greenback cutthroat trout Gem: Aquamarine Tree: Colorado blue spruce Flower: Rocky Mountain columbine Fossil: Stegosaurus Dance: Square dance Sport: Pack burro racing In movies: Cliffhanger, Misery, The Shining On television: South Park In literature: Plainsong, The Shining Famous people: John Denver, Douglas Fairbanks, Glenn Miller

FL ORIDA (FL)

Origin of Name: Named in 1513 by Juan Ponce de Leon, who landed during Pascua Florida (the Easter festival of flowers). Nickname: The Sunshine State Capital: Tallahassee Entered Union: Mar. 3, 1845 (27th) Size: 58,560 sq. mi. Song: “Old Folks at Home” (also known as “Swanee River”) Motto: In God We Trust Animal: Florida panther, manatee, dolphin Bird: Mockingbird Fish: Largemouth bass, Atlantic sailfish Reptile: American alligator Flower: Orange blossom Tree: Sabal palmetto palm Gem: Moonstone; stone: Agatized coral Shell: Horse conch Beverage: Orange juice Play: Cross and Sword In movies: Ace Ventura Pet Detective, Apollo 13, Scarface On television: I Dream of Jeannie, Miami Vice In literature: Their Eyes Were Watching God

CONNECTICUT (CT)

Origin of Name: From the Mohican word

“quinnehtukqut,” meaning “beside the long tidal river.” Nicknames: The Constitution State, The Nutmeg State Capital: Hartford Entered Union: Jan. 9, 1788 (5th) Size: 5,009 sq. mi. Song: “Yankee Doodle” 2

Famous people: Zora Neale Hurston, Jim Morrison, Tom Petty, Sidney Poitier, Burt Reynolds

GEORGIA (GA)

Origin of Name: Named for King George II of England in 1732. Nicknames: The Empire State of the South, The Peach State Capital: Atlanta Entered Union: Jan. 2, 1788 (4th) Size: 58,876 sq. mi. Song: “Georgia” Motto: Wisdom, Justice, Moderation Bird: Brown thrasher Fish: Largemouth bass Mammal: White-tailed deer, right whale Amphibian: Green tree frog Reptile: Gopher tortoise Flower: Cherokee rose, azalea Tree: Live oak Gem: Quartz Insect: Honeybee Fossil: Shark tooth Crop: Peanut Fruit: Peach; Vegetable: Vidalia onion In movies: Gone With the Wind, Deliverance In literature: Cane, The Color Purple Famous people: Flannery O’Connor, Julia Roberts, Jackie Robinson, Kanye West

HAWAII (HI)

Origin of Name: Unknown. The name may stem from Hawaii Loa, traditional discoverer of the islands, or from Hawaiki, the traditional Polynesian homeland. Nickname: The Aloha State Capital: Honolulu Entered Union: Aug. 21, 1959 (50th) Size: 6,424 sq. mi. Song: “Hawaii Ponoi” Motto: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka Aina i ka Pono (The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness) Bird: Nene (Hawaiian goose) Mammal: Monk seal Fish: Humuhumunukunuku apua’a (Hawaiian triggerfish) Flower: Pua aloalo (hibiscus) Tree: Kukui (candlenut) Dance: Hula Island Emblems: Each of the eight major islands has its own color and emblem. - Hawaii: Red (luhia blossom) - Kahoolawe: Gray; hinahina (beach heliotrope) - Kauai: Purple; mokihana (fruit capsule of the Pelea anisata) - Lanai: Yellow; kaunaoa (Cuscuta sandwichiana) - Maui: Pink; lokelani (pink cottage rose) - Molokai: Green; kukui (candlenut) blossom - Niihau: White; white puka shell - OAHU: Yellow; ilima (Sida fallax) In movies: Blue Crush, Blue Hawaii On television: Magnum, P.I., Hawaii Five-0 In literature: The Descendants, Hawaii: A Novel Famous people: Nicole Kidman, Bette Midler

IDAHO (ID)

Origin of Name: Apparently coined by a

lobbyist-politician, George M. Willing, who claimed the word came from an Indian term meaning “gem of the mountains.” Nickname: The Gem State Capital: Boise Entered Union: Jul. 3, 1890 (43rd) Size: 83,557 sq. mi. Song: “Here We Have Idaho” Motto: Esto Perpetua (May it endure forever) Bird: Mountain bluebird, peregrine falcon Insect: Monarch butterfly Fish: Cutthroat trout Amphibian: Idaho giant salamander Flower: Syringa Tree: Western white pine Fruit: Huckleberry Vegetable: Potato Gem: Star garnet Horse: Appaloosa Fossil: Hagerman horse fossil Dance: Square dance In movies: My Private Idaho, Napoleon Dynamite In literature: Train Dreams Famous people: Patty Duke, Lana Turner

ILLINOIS (IL)

Song: “On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away” Motto: The Crossroads of America Bird: Cardinal Flower: Peony Tree: Tulip tree (yellow poplar) Stone: Indiana limestone In movies: Breaking Away, Close

Colors: Blue, gold Bird: Cardinal Animal: Gray squirrel, thoroughbred Fish: Bass Flower: Goldenrod Tree: Tulip poplar Fruit: Blackberry Fossil: Brachiopod Gem: Freshwater pearl Mineral: Coal Rock: Kentucky agate Dance: Clogging Drink: Milk In movies: Coal Miner’s Daughter In literature: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Famous people: Muhammad Ali, Ashley

Encounters of the Third Kind, Hoosiers

In literature: The Magnificent Ambersons Famous people: Jim Davis, Michael Jackson,

David Letterman, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

IOWA (IA)

Judd, Robert Penn Warren

L OUISIANA (LA)

Origin of Name: Named for Iowa Indians of

the Siouan family. Nickname: The Hawkeye State Capital: Des Moines Entered Union: Dec. 28, 1846 (29th) Size: 56,290 sq. mi. Song: “The Song of Iowa” Motto: Our Liberties We Prize and Our Rights We Will Maintain Bird: Eastern goldfinch Flower: Wild rose Tree: Oak Stone: Geode In movies: The Bridges of Madison County, Field of Dreams, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape? In literature: A Thousand Acres famous people: Grant Wood, John Wayne

Origin of Name: Named in 1682 for France’s King Louis XIV. Nickname: The Pelican State Capital: Baton Rouge Entered Union: Apr. 30, 1812 (18th) Size: 48,522 sq. mi. Songs: “Give Me Louisiana,” “You Are My Sunshine” Motto: Union, Justice, and Confidence Colors: Gold, white, blue Bird: Eastern brown pelican Freshwater fish: White perch/Sac-au-lait Reptile: Alligator Mammal: Black bear Flower: Magnolia Tree: Bald cypress Gem: Agate Fossil: Petrified palmwood Insect: Honeybee Cuisine: Gumbo Drink: Milk Musical instrument: Cajun accordion In movies: A Streetcar Named Desire In literature: All the King’s Men, A Confederacy of Dunces, Interview with the Vampire Famous people: Louis Armstrong, John James Audubon

KANSAS (KS) Origin of Name: French derivative of

“iliniwek,” meaning “tribe of superior men,” an Indian group formerly in the region. Nickname: The Prairie State Slogan: Land of Lincoln Capital: Springfield Entered Union: Dec. 3, 1818 (21st) Size: 56,400 sq. mi. Song: “Illinois” Motto: State Sovereignty, National Union Animal: White-tailed deer Bird: Cardinal Flower: Violet Tree: White oak Mineral: Fluorite Insect: Monarch butterfly Fish: Bluegill Reptile: Painted turtle Amphibian: Eastern tiger salamander Fossil: Tully monster Dance: Square dance In movies: The Blues Brothers, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, The Untouchables On television: ER, The Good Wife, Mike & Molly In literature: The Jungle, Native Son famous people: Black Hawk, Walt Disney, Abraham Lincoln

Origin of Name: Named for the Kansa (or Kaw)

Indians, the “people of the south wind.”

Nicknames: The Sunflower State,

The Wheat State, The Jayhawk State Capital: Topeka Entered Union: Jan. 29, 1861 (34th) Size: 82,276 sq. mi. Song: “Home on the Range” March: “The Kansas March” Motto: Ad Astra Per Aspera (To the stars through difficulties) Animal: American bison Bird: Western meadowlark Amphibian: Barred tiger salamander Reptile: Ornate box turtle Flower: Wild native sunflower Tree: Cottonwood Insect: Honeybee Fossils: Tylosaurus, pteranodon In movies: The Wizard of Oz In literature: In Cold Blood Famous people: Amelia Earhart, Charlie Parker

MAINE (ME)

Origin of Name: Either from the French for an historical district of France or from the early use of “main” to distinguish coast from islands. Nickname: The Pine Tree State Capital: Augusta Entered Union: Mar. 15, 1820 (23rd) Size: 33,215 sq. mi. Song: “State of Maine Song” Motto: Dirigo (I direct) Animal: Moose, Maine coon cat Bird: Chickadee Fish: Landlocked salmon Flower: White pine cone and tassel Berry: Wild blueberry Tree: Eastern white pine Insect: Honeybee Mineral: Tourmaline Fossil: Pertica quadrifaria Dessert: Blueberry pie In movies: The Cider House Rules, The Shawshank Redemption

KENTUCKY (KY)

INDIANA (IN)

Origin of Name: Derived from the Wyandot Origin of Name: Named “land of

Indians” for the many Indian tribes that formerly lived in the state. Nickname: The Hoosier State Capital: Indianapolis Entered Union: Dec. 11, 1816 (19th) Size: 36,291 sq. mi.

Indian word “kah-tentah” (the land of tomorrow). Nickname: The Bluegrass State Capital: Frankfort Entered Union: Jun. 1, 1792 (15th) Size: 40,395 sq. mi. Song: “My Old Kentucky Home” Motto: United We Stand, Divided We Fall 3

In literature: Carrie, Olive Kitteridge Famous people: Steven King, Henry

Wadsworth Longfellow

MARYLAND (MD)

Origin of Name: Named for Henrietta Maria, queen consort of King Charles I of England. Nicknames: The Old Line State, The Free State Capital: Annapolis Entered Union: Apr. 28, 1788 (7th) Size: 10,577 sq. mi. Song: “Maryland, My Maryland” Motto: Fatti Maschii, Parole Femine (Manly deeds, womanly words) Bird: Baltimore oriole Fish: Rockfish Flower: Blackeyed Susan Tree: White oak Horse: Thoroughbred Reptile: Diamondback terrapin Insect: Baltimore checkerspot butterfly Boat: Skipjack Sport: Jousting, lacrosse Dance: Square dance Dessert: Smith Island cake Drink: Milk In movies: Hairspray, The Blair Witch Project On television: Homicide, The Wire In literature: The Great Gilly Hopkins, The Sot-Weed Factor Famous people: Clara Barton, Babe Ruth, Harriet Tubman, John Waters

MASSACHUSE TTS (MA)

Origin of Name: Derived from the name of

the Massachuset Indian tribe that lived on Massachusetts Bay; the name is thought to mean “at or about the Great Hill.” Nickname: The Bay State Capital: Boston Entered Union: Feb. 6, 1788 (6th) Size: 8,257 sq. mi. Song: “All Hail to Massachusetts” Poem: “Blue Hills of Massachusetts” Motto: Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty) Bird: Chickadee ANIMAL: Morgan horse, Boston terrier Marine Mammal: Right whale Fish: Cod Flower: Mayflower (ground laurel) Tree: American elm Gem: Rhodonite Mineral: Babingtonite Rock: Roxbury pudding stone Historical Rock: Plymouth Rock Explorer Rock: Dighton Rock Building & Monument Stone: Granite Fossil: Theropod dinosaur tracks Beverage: Cranberry juice Insect: Ladybug In movies: The Departed, Good Will Hunting, Jaws On television: Cheers In literature: The Bell Jar, Walden Famous people: Susan B. Anthony, Louisa May Alcott, Kennedy family, Dr. Seuss

MICHIGAN (MI)

Origin of Name: Possibly derived from the Fox Indian word “mesikami,” meaning “large lake.” Nickname: The Wolverine State Capital: Lansing Entered Union: Jan. 26, 1837 (26th) Size: 58,216 sq. mi. Song: “Michigan, My Michigan” Motto: Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam Circumspice (If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you) Bird: Robin Fish: Brook trout; Reptile: Painted turtle Insect: Green darner dragon fly Flower: Apple blossom; Tree: White pine Stone: Petoskey stone; Fossil: Mastodon Animal: White-tailed deer Gem: Chlorastrolite In movies: 8 Mile, Dreamgirls, Gran Torino, Roger & Me In literature: The Turner House, Split Images, The Virgin Suicides Famous people: Alice Cooper, Henry Ford, Madonna, Diana Ross

MINNESOTA (MN)

Origin of Name: Derived from the Sioux

Indian word “minisota,” meaning “skytinted waters.” Nickname: The North Star State Capital: St. Paul Entered Union: May 11, 1858 (32nd) Size: 84,068 sq. mi Song: “Hail! Minnesota” Motto: L’Etoile du Nord (The North Star) Bird: Common loon; Fish: Walleye Flower: Pink and white lady’s slipper Tree: Red (Norway) pine Gem: Lake Superior agate Grain: Wild rice Mushroom: Morel or sponge mushroom Drink: Milk In movies: Fargo, Grumpy Old Men, The Mighty Ducks In literature: Lake Wobegon Days, Main Street Famous people: Garrison Keillor, Prince, Charles Schulz

MISSISSIPPI (MS)

Origin of Name: Derived from the Ojibwa

Indian words “misi sipi,” meaning “great river.” Nickname: The Magnolia State Capital: Jackson Entered Union: Dec. 10, 1817 (20th) Size: 47,716 sq. mi. Song: “Go, Mississippi” Motto: Virtute et Armis (By valor and arms) Mammal: White-tailed deer, porpoise Bird: Mockingbird; Waterfowl: Wood duck Fish: Largemouth or black bass Insect: Honeybee Fossil: Prehistoric whale Shell: Oyster shell Flower: Magnolia Tree: Magnolia Stone: Petrified wood Beverage: Milk

In movies: In the Heat of the Night, Mississippi Burning, O Brother, Where Art Thou? In literature: As I Lay Dying, Delta Wedding, The Sound and the Fury famous people: William Faulkner, B.B. King, Elvis Presley, Eudora Welty

Capital: Lincoln Entered Union: March 1, 1867 (37th) Size: 77,237 sq. mi. Song: “Beautiful Nebraska” Motto: Equality Before the Law Bird: Western meadowlark Fish: Channel catfish Flower: Goldenrod Tree: Cottonwood Gem: Blue agate Rock: Prairie agate Insect: Honeybee Mammal: White-tailed deer Fossil: Mammoth Dance: Square dance Beverage: Milk In movies: Nebraska, Election In literature: My Ántonia Famous people: Marlon Brando, Warren

MISSOURI (MO)

Origin of Name: Probably from the Iliniwek Indian word “missouri,” meaning “owners of big canoes.” Nickname: The Show Me State Capital: Jefferson City Entered Union: August 10, 1821 (24th) Size: 69,674 sq. mi. Song: “Missouri Waltz” Motto: Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto (The welfare of the people shall be the supreme law) Bird: Bluebird, bobwhite quail Animal: Missouri mule Aquatic Animal: Paddlefish Fish: Channel catfish Reptile: Three-toed box turtle Amphibian: American bullfrog Insect: Honeybee Flower: Hawthorn blossom Tree: Flowering dogwood Rock: Mozarkite (chert, or flint rock) Mineral: Galena; Fossil: Crinoid Musical instrument: Fiddle Dessert: Ice cream cone In movies: Meet Me in St. Louis, The Outlaw Josey Wales In literature: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Famous people: Walter Cronkite, Charles Lindbergh

Buffet, Johnny Carson, Willa Cather, Raymond Chandler

NEVADA (NV)

NEW JERSEY (NJ)

Origin of Name: Named for the British

Channel Island of Jersey.

Nickname: The Garden State Capital: Trenton Entered Union: December 18, 1787 (3rd) Size: 7,836 sq. mi. Motto: Liberty and Prosperity Colors: Buff, Jersey blue Animal: Horse Bird: Eastern goldfinch; Fish: Brook trout Flower: Violet; Fruit: Blueberry Tree: Red oak, dogwood Insect: Honeybee Shell: Knobbed whelk Dance: Square dance Ship: A.J. Meerwald In movies: Clerks, Garden State, On the

Waterfront

On television: The Sopranos In literature: Portnoy’s Complaint Famous people: Jon Bon Jovi, Paul Origin of Name: Named for the Sierra

Nevada Mountains. (Nevada means “snow-covered” in Spanish.) Nicknames: The Sagebrush State, The Silver State Capital: Carson City Entered Union: October 31, 1864 (36th) Size: 110,540 sq. mi. Song: “Home Means Nevada” Motto: All for Our Country Animal: Desert bighorn sheep Reptile: Desert tortoise Insect: Vivid dancer damselfly Rock: Sandstone Metal: Silver Fish: Lahontan cutthroat trout Bird: Mountain bluebird Flower: Sagebrush Tree: Single-leaf piñon gem: Black fire opal, Nevada turquoise Fossil: Ichthyosaur In movies: Casino, The Hangover, Ocean’s Eleven In literature: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Roughing It Famous people: Andre Agassi, Dawn Wells

MONTANA (MT)

Origin of Name: Derived from the Latin word meaning “mountainous.” Nicknames: The Treasure State, Big Sky Country Capital: Helena Entered Union: November 8,1889 (41st) Size: 147,138 sq. mi. Song: “Montana” Motto: Oro y Plata (Gold and silver) Bird: Western meadowlark Butterfly: Mourning cloak Fish: Black-spotted (cutthroat) trout Animal: Grizzly bear Flower: Bitterroot; Tree: Ponderosa pine Gems: Yogo sapphire, Montana agate Fossil: Maiasaura In movies: A River Runs Through It In literature: The Horse Whisperer, Legends of the Fall Famous people: Gary Cooper, Evel Knievel

NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH)

Origin of Name: Named for the English

county of Hampshire.

Nickname: The Granite State Capital: Concord Entered Union: June 21, 1788 (9th) Size: 9,304 sq. mi. Song: “Old New Hampshire” Motto: Live Free or Die Animal: White-tailed deer; Bird: Purple finch fish: Brook trout, striped bass Amphibian: Red-spotted newt Flower: Purple lilac; Tree: White birch Fruit: Pumpkin Insect: Ladybug; Butterfly: Karner blue Sport: Skiing In movies: On Golden Pond, Our Town In literature: A Separate Peace Famous people: Robert Frost, J.D.

NEBRASKA (NE)

Origin of Name: From the Oto Indian word

“nebrathka,” meaning “flat water” (for the Platte River). Nickname: The Cornhusker State

Salinger, Adam Sandler, Alan Shepard

4

Robeson, Frank Sinatra, Bruce Springsteen, Meryl Streep, John Travolta

NEW MEXICO (NM)

Origin of Name: Spanish explorers in 1540 called the area “the new Mexico.” Nickname: Land of Enchantment Capital: Santa Fe Entered Union: January 6, 1912 (47th) Size: 121,666 sq. mi. Songs: “O Fair New Mexico,” “Asies Nuevo Mexico,” “Born to Run” Motto: Crescit Eundo (It grows as it goes) Animal: Black bear Bird: Roadrunner (chaparral bird) Butterfly: Sandia hairstreak Insect: Tarantula hawk wasp Fish: Rio Grande cutthroat trout Amphibian: New Mexico spadefoot Reptile: New Mexico whiptail Flower: Yucca; Tree: Piñon Fossil: Coelophysis dinosaur Gem: Turquoise Vegetables: Frijoles, chile Guitar: New Mexico sunrise Train: Cumbres and Toltec Railroad In movies: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, High Noon, Them! On television: Breaking Bad In literature: Death Comes for the Archbishop Famous people: Jeff Bezos, Georgia O’Keefe, Cormac McCarthy

NEW YORK (NY)

Origin of Name: Named for the Duke of

York (later King James II) in 1664.

Nickname: The Empire State Capital: Albany Entered Union: July 26, 1788 (11th) Size: 49,576 sq. mi. Song: “I Love New York” Motto: Excelsior (Ever upward) Animal: Beaver; Bird: Bluebird fish: Brook/Speckled trout, striped bass Reptile: Common snapping turtle

new york (continued) Insect: Ladybug Flower: Rose; Fruit: Apple Tree: Sugar maple; Bush: Lilac bush Fossil: Prehistoric crab Gem: Garnet; Shell: Bay scallop Beverage: Milk In movies: 42nd Street, Breakfast at

Tiffany’s, The French Connection, The Godfather, Last of the Mohicans, Taxi Driver, Wall Street, West Side Story On television: 30 Rock, Friends, I Love Lucy, Law & Order, Mad Men, Seinfeld, Sex and the City In literature: The Catcher in the Rye, The Great Gatsby Famous people: Tony Bennet, Tom Cruise, Sammy Davis, Jr., George Eastman, George Gershwin

NORTH CAR OLINA (NC)

Origin of Name: Named in honor of King

Charles I of England.

Nickname: The Tarheel State Capital: Raleigh Entered Union: Nov. 21, 1789 (12th) Size: 52,586 sq. mi. Song: “The Old North State” Motto: Esse Quam Videri (To be rather

than to seem) Mammal: Gray squirrel Marsupial: Virginia oppossum Bird: Cardinal; Salt water fish: Channel bass Reptile: Eastern box turtle Insect: Honeybee, eastern tiger swallowtail Flower: Dogwood, Carolina lily Carnivorous plant: Venus flytrap Fruit: Scuppernong grape Vegetable: Sweet potato Tree: Pine; Christmas tree: Fraser fir Shell: Scotch bonnet Precious Stone: Emerald; Rock: Granite Fossil: Megalodon shark Art medium: Clay; Folk art: Whirligigs Beverage: Milk Boat: Shad boat dance: Clogging, shagging Sport: Stock car racing In movies: Cape Fear In literature: Cold Mountain, A Walk to Remember Famous people: John Coltrane, Dale Earnhardt, Sr., Billy Graham, Michael Jordan

NORTH DAKOTA (ND)

Origin of Name: The state was formerly

the northern section of Dakota Territory; “dakota” is a Sioux word meaning “friend.” Nicknames: The Sioux State, The Flickertail State Capital: Bismarck Entered Union: November 2,1889 (39th) Size: 70,665 sq. mi. Song: “North Dakota Hymn” March: “Spirit of the Land”/”Flickertail March” Motto: Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable Bird: Western meadowlark Fish: Northern pike Equine: Nokota horse Flower: Wild prairie rose; Tree: American elm

OREGON (OR)

Fruit: Chokecherry Fossil: Teredo petrified wood Beverage: Milk Dance: Square dance In movies: Three Faces West In literature: Love Medicine, The

Round House

Origin of Name: Unknown; name first

Famous people: Angie Dickinson, Louis

applied to the river now known as the Columbia. Nickname: The Beaver State Capital: Salem Entered Union: February 14, 1859 (33rd) Size: 96,981 sq. mi. Song: “Oregon, My Oregon” Dance: Square dance Poet Laureate: William E. Stafford Motto: The Union Colors: Navy blue, gold Animal: American beaver Bird: Western meadowlark Fish: Chinook salmon Flower: Oregon grape; Tree: Douglas fir Fruit: Pear; Nut: Hazelnut Mushroom: Pacific golden chanterelle Rock: Thunder egg (geode) Gem: Oregon sunstone Fossil: Metasequoia Seashell: Oregon hairy triton Father of Oregon: John McLoughlin Mother of Oregon: Tabitha Moffatt Brown Dance: Square dance Beverage: Milk In movies: The Goonies, Stand by Me In literature: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Sometimes a Great Notion Famous people: Paul Allen, Matt Groening, Chief Joseph

L’Amour, Lawrence Welk

OHIO (OH)

Origin of Name: From the Iroquois Indian

word “oheo,” meaning “beautiful.” Nickname: The Buckeye State Capital: Columbus Entered Union: March 1, 1803 (17th) Size: 41,222 sq. mi. Song: “Beautiful Ohio” Motto: With God All Things Are Possible Bird: Cardinal Mammal: White-tailed deer Reptile: Black racer snake Amphibian: Spotted salamander Insect: Ladybug Flower: Scarlet carnation Wild flower: White trillium Fruit: Tomato, pawpaw Tree: Buckeye Gem: Ohio flint; Fossil: Isotelus Bridge: Blaine Hill Bridge Prehistoric monument: Newark earthworks Artifact: Adena pipe Beverage: Tomato juice In movies: Bye Bye Birdie, Major League In literature: Beloved, The Bluest Eye Famous people: Neil Armstrong, Bob Hope, Dean Martin, Toni Morrison

PENNSYLVANIA (PA)

OKLAHOMA (OK)

Origin of Name: Named for Admiral William Penn, father of the founder of Pennsylvania. Nickname: The Keystone State Capital: Harrisburg Entered Union: December 12, 1787 (2nd) Size: 45,333 sq. mi. Motto: Virtue, Liberty, and Independence Song: “Pennsylvania” Flagship: U.S. Brig Niagara Animal: White-tailed deer, great dane Bird: Ruffed grouse; Fish: Brook trout Flower: Mountain laurel Insect: Firefly Tree: Hemlock; Plant: Penngift crownvetch Fossil: Phacops rana Beverage: Milk In movies: The Deer Hunter, Groundhog Day, Philadelphia, Rocky, Witness In literature: The Lovely Bones famous people: Benjamin Franklin, George C. Marshall, Arnold Palmer, Will Smith, Jimmy Stewart, Hunter S. Thompson, Andy Warhol

Origin of Name: Derived from the Choctaw Indian words “okla humma,” meaning “land of the red people.” Nickname: The Sooner State Capital: Oklahoma City Entered Union: Nov. 16, 1907 (46th) Size: 69,919 sq. mi. Song: “Oklahoma!” Waltz: “Oklahoma Wind” Poem: “Howdy Folks” Motto: Labor Omnia Vincit (Labor conquers all things) Animal: American bison, white-tailed deer Flying mammal: Mexican free-tailed bat Bird: Scissor-tailed flycatcher, wild turkey Fish: White bass (sand bass) Reptile: Collared lizard Amphibian: Bullfrog Butterfly: Black swallowtail Insect: Honeybee Flower: Oklahoma rose, Indian blanket Tree: Redbud Fruit: Strawberry; Vegetable: Watermelon Stone: Barite rose (rose rock) Crystal: Hourglass selenite Beverage: Milk Monument: The Golden Driller Instrument: Fiddle, drum Dance: Square dance In movies: McLintock!, Oklahoma, Twister In literature: The Outsiders, Paradise Famous people: Garth Brooks, Chuck Norris, Ralph Ellison, Woodie Guthrie, Will Rogers

RHODE ISLAND (RI)

Origin of Name: Named for Rhode Island in Narragansett Bay, which was likened to the isle of Rhodes in the Mediterranean Sea. Nicknames: The Ocean State, Little Rhody Capital: Providence Entered Union: May 29, 1790 (13th) Size: 1,214 sq. mi. Song: “Rhode Island” 5

Motto: Hope Bird: Rhode Island red; Fish: Striped bass Tree: Red maple; Flower: Violet Fruit: Rhode Island greening Mineral: Bowenite; Rock: Cumberlandite Shell: Quahog American folk art: Charles I.D. Looff Carousel Yacht: Courageous Tall ship: U.S.S. Providence Drink: Coffee milk In movies: Dumb and Dumber On television: Family Guy In literature: The Witches of Eastwick,

My Sister’s Keeper Famous people: H.P. Lovecraft, James Woods

SOUTH CAR OLINA (SC)

Origin of Name: Named in honor of King

Charles I of England.

nickName: The Palmetto State Capital: Columbia Entered Union: May 23, 1788 (8th) Size: 31,055 sq. mi. Songs: “Carolina,” “South Carolina on

My Mind” Music: The spiritual, beach music Opera: Porgy and Bess Mottos: Animis Opibusque Parati (Prepared in mind and resources), Dum Spiro Spero (While I breathe, I hope) Animal: White-tailed deer Reptile: Loggerhead sea turtle Bird: Carolina wren, wild turkey Fish: Striped bass Flower: Yellow jessamine, goldenrod Tree: Palmetto Fruit: Peach; Vegetable: Collard greens Gem: Amethyst; Stone: Blue granite Beverage: Milk Dance: Shag, square dance, Richardson waltz In movies: The Notebook, The Patriot, The Prince of Tides In literature: The Lords of Discipline, The Secret Life of Bees Famous people: James Brown, Pat Conroy, Dizzy Gillespie

SOUTH DAKOTA (SD)

Origin of Name: The state was formerly the

southern part of Dakota Territory; “dakota” is a Sioux word meaning “friend.” Nicknames: The Coyote State, The Sunshine State Capital: Pierre Entered Union: November 2, 1889 (40th) Size: 77,047 sq. mi. Song: “Hail, South Dakota” Motto: Rule Animal: Coyote; Fish: Walleye Bird: Chinese ring-necked pheasant Insect: Honey bee Flower: Pasque flower Tree: Black Hills spruce Gem: Fairburn agate; Mineral: Rose quartz Fossil: Triceratops Jewelry: Black Hills gold Musical instrument: Fiddle Dessert: Kuchen; Bread: Frybread Drink: Milk Sport: Rodeo Inmovies:Dances With Wolves, North by Northwest On television: Deadwood In literature: Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Famous people: Tom Brokaw, January Jones

TENNESSEE (TN)

Origin of Name: Probably from Indian name

“Tenase,” which was the principal village of the Cherokee. Nickname: The Volunteer State Capital: Nashville Entered Union: Jun. 1, 1796 (16th) Size: 42,246 sq. mi. Songs: “When It’s Iris Time In Tennessee,” “The Tennessee Waltz,” “My Homeland, Tennessee,” “Rocky Top” Public School Song: “My Tennessee” Poem: “Oh Tennessee, My Tennessee” Folk Dance: Square dance Motto: Agriculture and Commerce Slogan: Tennessee–America at Its Best animal: Raccoon, Tennessee walking horse Birds: Mockingbird, bobwhite quail Amphibian: Cave salamander Reptile: Eastern box turtle Fish: Smallmouth bass, channel catfish Butterfly: Zebra swallowtail Flowers: Iris, passion flower, Tennessee coneflower Trees: Tulip poplar, eastern red cedar Fruit: Tomato Gem: Tennessee pearl Rocks: Limestone; Mineral: Agate Fossil: Pterotrigonia Beverage: Milk In movies: The Blind Side, The Firm, Walk the Line In literature: Child of God Famous people: James Agee, David Crockett, Dolly Parton

TEXAS (TX)

Origin of Name: Derived from the Caddo word

“tavshas,” meaning “allies” or “friends.” Nickname: The Lone Star State Capital: Austin Entered Union: Dec. 29, 1845 (28th) Size: 267,339 sq. mi. Songs: “Texas, Our Texas,” “The Eyes of Texas” Flower song: “Bluebonnets” Motto: Friendship Epic poem: “Legend of Old Stone Ranch” Plays: The Lone Star, Beyond the Sundown, Fandangle” Music: Western swing Bird: Mockingbird mammal: Texas longhorn, armadillo Flying mammal: Mexican free-tailed bat Insect: Monarch butterfly Reptile: Horned lizard; Amphibian: Texas toad Fish: Guadalupe bass, red drum Flower: Bluebonnet Tree: Pecan; plant: Prickly pear cactus Fruit: Texas red grapefruit Vegetable: Sweet onion Health nut: Pecan Gem: Topaz; Precious metal: Silver Stone: Petrified palmwood Shell: Lightning whelk

VIRGINIA (VA)

Sport: Rodeo Dish: Chili con carne; Bread: Pan de campo Pepper: Jalapeno Pie: Pecan Dance: Square dance Musical instrument: Guitar Railroad: Texas State Railroad Ship: U.S.S. Texas, Elissa In movies: Friday Night Lights,

Origin of Name: Named for Queen Elizabeth I of England, the “Virgin Queen.” Nickname: The Old Dominion Capital: Richmond Entered Union: Jun. 25, 1788 (10th) Size: 40,815 sq. mi. Songs: “Carry Me Back to Old Virginia,” “Sweet Virginia Breeze,” “Our Great Virginia” Motto: Sic Semper Tyrannis (Thus ever to tyrants) Bird: Cardinal; Bat: Virginia big-eared bat Insect: Tiger swallowtail butterfly Flower: Dogwood Tree: Dogwood Fish: Brook trout Shell: Oyster Fossil: Chesapecten jeffersonius Boat: Chesapeake Bay deadrise Fleet: Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery Beverage: Milk Dance: Square dance In movies: Gods and Generals, The New World, Remember the Titans, Shenandoah In literature: Bridge to Terabithia Famous people: Ella Fitzgerald, Patsy Cline, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Tom Wolfe

Red River, The Searchers, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, Urban Cowboy On television: Dallas, King of the Hill In literature: Lonesome Dove, No Country for Old Men Famous people: Stephen F. Austin, Carol Burnett, Buddy Holly, Sam Houston, Janis Joplin, Selena, Scott Joplin, Juan Seguín

UTAH (UT)

Origin of Name: Named for the Ute Indians. Nickname: The Beehive State Capital: Salt Lake City Entered Union: Jan. 4, 1896 (45th) Size: 84,916 sq. mi. Song: “Utah, This Is the Place” Hymn: “Utah, We Love Thee” Motto: Industry Animal: Elk Bird: Sea gull Fish: Rainbow trout Insect: Honey bee Flower: Sego lily Fruit: Cherry; Vegetable: Spanish sweet onion Historic vegetable: Sugar beet Gem: Topaz; Mineral: Copper Rock: Coal; Fossil: Allosaurus Star: Dubhe Dance: Square dance Winter sports: Skiing, snowboarding In movies: The World’s Fastest Indian In literature: Riders of the Purple Sage Famous people: Donny and Marie Osmond,

WASHINGTON (WA)

Origin of Name: Named for George Washington. Nickname: The Evergreen State Capital: Olympia Entered Union: Nov.11, 1889 (42nd) Size: 68,192 sq. mi. Song: “Washington, My Home” Motto: Alki (By and by) Bird: Willow goldfinch Insect: Green darner dragonfly Fish: Steelhead trout Amphibian: Pacific chorus frog mammal: Orca, Olympic marmot Flower: Western rhododendron Tree: Western hemlock Fruit: Apple; Vegetable: Walla Walla sweet onion Gem: Petrified wood Fossil: Columbian mammoth Dance: Square dance Ship: Lady Washington Waterfall: Palouse Falls In movies: First Blood, Sleepless in Seattle In literature: The Lone Ranger and Tonto

Brigham Young

VERMONT (VT)

Origin of Name: Derived from the French

words “vert” (green) and “mont” (mountain). Nickname: The Green Mountain State Capital: Montpelier Entered Union: Mar. 4, 1791 (14th) Size: 9,609 sq. mi. Song: “These Green Mountains” Motto: Freedom and Unity Animal: Morgan horse; Bird: Hermit thrush Fish: Brook trout, walleye pike Flower: Red clover; Tree: Sugar maple Insect: Honeybee Fossil: Charlotte whale Rocks: Marble, granite, slate Beverage: Milk In movies: White Christmas In literature: Pollyanna Famous people: John Deere, John Dewey

Fistfight in Heaven, Snow Falling on Cedars

Famous people: Bing Crosby, Bill Gates

WEST VIRGINIA (WV)

Origin of Name: The state was originally the western part of Virginia. Nickname: The Mountain State Capital: Charleston Entered Union: Jun. 20, 1863 (35th) Size: 24,181 sq. mi. Songs: “The West Virginia Hills,” “West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home,” “This

U.S. $6.95 Authors: Reid Friedson, David Head, PhD

NOTE TO STUDENT: This guide is intended for informational purposes only. Due to its condensed format, this guide cannot cover every aspect of the subject; rather, it is intended for use in conjunction with course work and assigned texts. BarCharts, Inc., its writers, editors, and design staff are not responsible or liable for the use or misuse of the information contained in this guide. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Made in the USA ©2018 BarCharts Publishing, Inc. 0518

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Is My West Virginia” Motto: Montani Semper Liberi (Mountaineers are always free) Animal: Black bear Bird: Cardinal; Fish: Brook trout Insect: Honeybee, monarch butterfly Flower: Rhododendron maximum (“big laurel”); Tree: Sugar maple Fruit: Golden delicious apple Gem/fossil: Silicified Mississippian fossil coral In movies: October Sky, We Are Marshall In literature: John Henry Days, Rocket Boys, Shiloh Famous people: Pearl S. Buck, Chuck Yeager

WISCONSIN (WI)

Origin of Name: Probably from the Ojibwa word “wishkonsing,” meaning “place of the beaver.” Nickname: The Badger State Capital: Madison Entered Union: May 29, 1848 (30th) Size: 56,154 sq. mi. Song: “On, Wisconsin!” Motto: Forward Animal: Badger, white-tailed deer, dairy cow Bird: Robin Fish: Muskellunge Flower: Wood violet Tree: Sugar maple Fruit: Cranberry Grain: Corn Symbol of Peace: Mourning dove Rock: Red granite; Mineral: Galena Fossil: Trilobite Insect: Honeybee Beverage: Milk Dairy product: Cheese Dance: Polka In movies: The Great Outdoors In television: Happy Days, Laverne and Shirley In literature: Little House in the Big Woods Famous people: Douglas MacArthur, Gene Wilder, Frank Lloyd Wright

WYOMING (WY)

Origin of Name: Derived from the Delaware Indian words “maugh-wau-wa-ma,” meaning “large plains.” Nickname: The Equality State Capital: Cheyenne Entered Union: July 10, 1890 (44th) Size: 97,914 sq. mi. Song: “Wyoming” Motto: Equal Rights Trademark: Bucking horse Bird: Meadowlark; Mammal: Bison Fish: Cutthroat trout; Reptile: Horned toad Insect: Sheridan’s green hairstreak butterfly Flower: Indian paintbrush; Tree: Cottonwood Gem: Jade; Fossil: Knightia Dinosaur: Triceratops Sport: Rodeo In movies: Spencer’s Mountain, Unforgiven, The Virginian In literature: My Friend Flicka, Shane Famous people: James Bridger, Jackson Pollock