Advances in Pulmonary Medicine: Research and Innovations [1st ed.] 978-3-030-21098-4;978-3-030-21099-1

Table of contents :
Front Matter ....Pages i-viii
Lidocaine, a Non–selective Inhibitor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, Blocks Chemically-Induced Cough in Awake Naïve Guinea Pigs (Simona Svajdova, Tomas Buday, Mariana Brozmanova)....Pages 1-9
Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy (Cyryl Daroszewski, Małgorzata Stasiewicz, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Anna Rachwalik, Ewa Mura, Joanna Luboch-Kowal et al.)....Pages 11-18
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Platelet Count (Szymon Skoczyński, Damian Krzyżak, Aleksandra Studnicka, Maciej Ogonowski, Ewelina Tobiczyk, Grzegorz Brożek et al.)....Pages 19-23
Influence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity in Lung Transplant Recipients (Frederike Kruse, Bjoern E. Kleibrink, Thomas Rabis, Yi Wang, Gerhard Weinreich, Markus Kamler et al.)....Pages 25-33
Anthropometric Factors in the Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (M. Tażbirek, J. Potoczny, K. Strójwąs, W. Pierzchała, A. Barczyk)....Pages 35-41
Sleep Disorders and Adherence to Inhalation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Mariusz Chabowski, Judyta Łuczak, Krzysztof Dudek, Beata Jankowska-Polańska)....Pages 43-52
Noninvasive Ventilation-Facilitated Bronchofiberoscopy in Patients with Respiratory Failure (Szymon Skoczyński, Łukasz Minarowski, Ewelina Tobiczyk, Aleksandra Oraczewska, Klaudia Glinka, Karolina Ficek et al.)....Pages 53-64
Atypical and Typical Bacteria in Children with Community Acquired Pneumonia (A. Jama-Kmiecik, M. Frej-Mądrzak, J. Sarowska, D. Teryks-Wołyniec, A. Skiba, I. Choroszy-Król)....Pages 65-71
Epidemiology of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Hospitalized Patients in Poland During 2009–2016 (Patryk Tarka, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch, Paweł Gorynski, Piotr Tyszko, Magdalena Bogdan, Krzysztof Kanecki)....Pages 73-80
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for Accessory Respiratory Muscles Training in Patients After Ischemic Stroke (Lucyna Slupska, Tomasz Halski, Małgorzata Żytkiewicz, Kuba Ptaszkowski, Robert Dymarek, Jakub Taradaj et al.)....Pages 81-91
Back Matter ....Pages 93-94

Citation preview

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1160 Neuroscience and Respiration

Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor

Advances in Pulmonary Medicine: Research and Innovations

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Neuroscience and Respiration

Volume 1160 Series Editor Mieczyslaw Pokorski Opole Medical School Opole, Poland

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13457

Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor

Advances in Pulmonary Medicine: Research and Innovations

Editor Mieczyslaw Pokorski Opole Medical School Opole, Poland

ISSN 0065-2598 ISSN 2214-8019 (electronic) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ISBN 978-3-030-21098-4 ISBN 978-3-030-21099-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21099-1 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

The book series Neuroscience and Respiration presents contributions by expert researchers and clinicians in the multidisciplinary areas of medical research and clinical practice. Particular attention is focused on pulmonary disorders as the respiratory tract is up front at the first line of defense for organisms against pathogens and environmental or other sources of toxic or disease-causing effects. The articles provide timely overviews of contentious issues or recent advances in the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the entire range of diseases and disorders, both acute and chronic. The texts are thought as a merger of basic and clinical research dealing with biomedicine at both the molecular and functional levels and with the interactive relationship between respiration and other neurobiological systems, such as cardiovascular function, immunogenicity, endocrinology and humoral regulation, and the mind-to-body connection. The authors focus on modern diagnostic techniques and leading-edge therapeutic concepts, methodologies, and innovative treatments. Neuromolecular and carcinogenetic aspects relating to gene polymorphism and epigenesis as well as practical, data-driven options to manage patients also are addressed. Body functions, including lung ventilation and its regulation, are ultimately driven by the brain. However, neuropsychological aspects of disorders are still mostly a matter of conjecture. After decades of misunderstanding and neglect, emotions have been rediscovered as a powerful modifier or even the probable cause of various somatic disorders. Today, the link between stress and health is undeniable. Scientists accept a powerful psychological connection that can directly affect our quality of life and health span. Clinical advances stemming from molecular and biochemical research are but possible if research findings are translated into diagnostic tools, therapeutic procedures, and education, effectively reaching physicians and patients. All this cannot be achieved without a multidisciplinary, collaborative, benchto-bedside approach involving both researchers and clinicians. The role of science in shaping medical knowledge and transforming it into practical care is undeniable.

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Preface

Concerning respiratory disorders, their societal and economic burden has been on the rise worldwide, leading to disabilities and shortening of life-span. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sleep apnea syndrome are cases in point. Concerted efforts are required to improve this situation, and part of those efforts are gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease and staying abreast with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment regimens. It is hoped that the articles published in this series will assume a leading position as a source of information on interdisciplinary medical research advancements, addressing the needs of medical professionals and allied health-care workers, and become a source of reference and inspiration for future research ideas. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Paul Roos, and Cynthia Kroonen of Springer Nature NL for their genuine interest in making this scientific endeavor come through and in the expert management of the production of this novel book series. Mieczyslaw Pokorski

Contents

Lidocaine, a Non–selective Inhibitor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, Blocks Chemically-Induced Cough in Awake Naïve Guinea Pigs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simona Svajdova, Tomas Buday, and Mariana Brozmanova

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Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Cyryl Daroszewski, Małgorzata Stasiewicz, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Anna Rachwalik, Ewa Mura, Joanna Luboch-Kowal, Andrzej Dryś, Zdzisław A. Bogucki, and Anna Brzecka Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Platelet Count . . . . . . 19 Szymon Skoczyński, Damian Krzyżak, Aleksandra Studnicka, Maciej Ogonowski, Ewelina Tobiczyk, Grzegorz Brożek, Władysław Pierzchała, and Adam Barczyk Influence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity in Lung Transplant Recipients . . . . . . . . . . 25 Frederike Kruse, Bjoern E. Kleibrink, Thomas Rabis, Yi Wang, Gerhard Weinreich, Markus Kamler, Christian Taube, Kurt Rasche, and Urte Sommerwerck Anthropometric Factors in the Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome . . . . . . . . . 35 M. Tażbirek, J. Potoczny, K. Strójwąs, W. Pierzchała, and A. Barczyk Sleep Disorders and Adherence to Inhalation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . 43 Mariusz Chabowski, Judyta Łuczak, Krzysztof Dudek, and Beata Jankowska-Polańska Noninvasive Ventilation-Facilitated Bronchofiberoscopy in Patients with Respiratory Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Szymon Skoczyński, Łukasz Minarowski, Ewelina Tobiczyk, Aleksandra Oraczewska, Klaudia Glinka, Karolina Ficek, Robert Mróz, and Adam Barczyk

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Atypical and Typical Bacteria in Children with Community Acquired Pneumonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 A. Jama-Kmiecik, M. Frej-Mądrzak, J. Sarowska, D. Teryks-Wołyniec, A. Skiba, and I. Choroszy-Król Epidemiology of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Hospitalized Patients in Poland During 2009–2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Patryk Tarka, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch, Paweł Gorynski, Piotr Tyszko, Magdalena Bogdan, and Krzysztof Kanecki Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for Accessory Respiratory Muscles Training in Patients After Ischemic Stroke . . . 81 Lucyna Slupska, Tomasz Halski, Małgorzata Żytkiewicz, Kuba Ptaszkowski, Robert Dymarek, Jakub Taradaj, and Malgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Contents

Advs Exp. Medicine, Biology - Neuroscience and Respiration (2019) 43: 1–9 https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_326 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Published online: 13 January 2019

Lidocaine, a Non–selective Inhibitor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, Blocks Chemically-Induced Cough in Awake Naïve Guinea Pigs Simona Svajdova, Tomas Buday, and Mariana Brozmanova experimental model. We found that pre– inhalation followed by continuous inhalation of nebulized lidocaine (10 mM) during citric acid (0.8 M) cough challenge was effective in suppressing the cough response (number of coughs, median [IQR]) – (5 [3.8–6.3] pre–lidocaine vs. 1 [0.3–3.8] post–lidocaine; p ¼ 0.002, n ¼ 11). Likewise, lidocaine during capsaicin (50 μM) cough challenge reduced the number of coughs (6 [4.1–7.9] pre–lidocaine vs. 1 [0.5–1.5] post–lidocaine; p ¼ 0.0005, n ¼ 12). We conclude that nebulized lidocaine effectively blocks chemically induced cough. These findings lend support to the notion that NaVs may become a novel neural target in antitussive treatment.

Abstract

Pathological cough is an unwanted and debilitating symptom of a range of chronic respiratory diseases. Currently used antitussive therapies are ineffective and act largely through the central nervous system, having a number of dangerous adverse effects. There is an urgent need for new, better peripherally acting antitussive drugs with minimal adverse effects. Significant progress has recently been achieved in the understanding of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs), which points to the biological plausibility that blocking specific NaV sybtypes (NaV1.1 – NaV1.9) in the airway sensory nerves may lead to the inhibition of pathological coughing. In this study we investigated the effect of lidocaine, a non–selective NaVs blocker, on citric acid– and capsaicin–induced cough in the awake naïve guinea pig

S. Svajdova and T. Buday Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia M. Brozmanova (*) Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia e-mail: [email protected]

Keywords

Chemically-induced cough · Capsaicin · Citric acid · Cough · Guinea pig · Lidocaine · Voltage-gated sodium channels

1

Introduction

Cough reflex is a physiological defensive mechanism that removes inhaled irritants from the airways. However, non–productive and excessive coughing is a primary symptom of chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic

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obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, or gastroesophageal reflux disease. This chronic cough represents a troublesome and debilitating problem in many patients unresponsive to currently antitussive treatment (Bonvini and Belvisi 2017; Mazzone and Undem 2016; Canning et al. 2014). Current antitussive treatment acts largely through central nervous system. The gold standard of a cough suppressant is the opioid codeine although it has unfavourable adverse effects, such as respiratory depression, dependence, and sedation at the effective antitussive doses. Moreover, some studies question the inefficacy of codeine (Barnes 2007; Smith et al. 2006). The most commonly sold over–the–counter antitussive medications are drugs containing dextromethorphan hydrobromide. Dextromethorphan is as effective as codeine and has neurological adverse effects when overdosed. There are many other over–the–counter drugs available, with unverified antitussive efficacy, but having adverse effects (Dicpinigaitis et al. 2014; Smith et al. 2014). Because of high incidence of chronic respiratory diseases, there is an urgent need for new effectively acting antitussive medications which would avoid undesirable adverse effects. Recently, a number of promising neural targets have been identified in cough research, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPM8) or purinergic P2X2/3 receptors (Bonvini and Belvisi 2017; Keller et al. 2017). There are a large number of stimuli that can activate these receptors on the vagal nerve terminals to induce coughing. Therefore, new therapeutic approach would be focused at blocking the voltage–gated sodium channels (NaVs) which play a crucial role in activation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and other excitable cells. Such blockers would thus prevent transmission of action potentials along nerves to the central terminals in the brainstem and would inhibit coughing regardless of the stimulus (Sun et al. 2017; Muroi and Undem 2014). NaVs are heteromeric transmembrane protein complexes composed of main α–subunit, forming the pore of channel, and one or two auxiliary β–subunits

S. Svajdova et al.

(Catterall 2017). There are nine different α– subunits of sodium channels identified, classified as NaV1.1 to NaV1.9 and expressed in the neural system. The exceptions are NaV1.4, expressed in skeletal muscles, and NaV1.5, expressed in the myocardium (Habib et al. 2015). Sodium channels are blocked by lidocaine and other local anaesthetics that bind to the receptor site in the pore forming subunit and impede the conduction of sodium ions (Na+) through these channels (Catterall 2017). Lidocaine is the most commonly used numbing agent during endoscopic procedures and minor surgeries. It also is used as an antiarrhythmic medication for ventricular tachycardia (Truesdale and Jurdi 2013). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of nebulized lidocaine on citric acid– and capsaicin–induced cough in the awake naïve guinea pig experimental model. We hypothesized that inhalation of this non–selective sodium channel blocker would inhibit the action potential conduction in the vagal afferent nerves involved in cough, which in turn would reduce the cough response.

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Methods

2.1

Animals

The animals used in this study were male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (n ¼ 30, weight 250–350 g). They were obtained from Velaz Ltd. in Prague, Czech Republic, and from the breeding facility Charles River Laboratories in Saint–Germain– Nuelles, France. The animals were housed in an approved animal holding facility that was air conditioned at controlled room temperature of 22  2  C and relative humidity of 50  5%, with alternating 12 h light–dark cycle and free access to water and standard animal chow. All animals were adapted to the laboratory conditions before the onset of experiment. During the adaptation period, animals were placed in a body plethysmograph and inhaled aerosol of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) twice for 2–5 min. The adaptation of animals is essential to attenuate the stress response.

Lidocaine, a Non–selective Inhibitor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. . .

2.2

Reagents

In cough challenge, the following agents were used: 1 mM and 10 mM lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 0.8 M citric acid (SLAVUS Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia), 50 μM capsaicin (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vehicle. Lidocaine and citric acid were dissolved in PBS, capsaicin was dissolved in ethanol to produce a stock solution of 0.1 M that was further diluted in PBS to the concentration of 50 μM, thus to the solution containing 0.05% ethanol. Aerosolised ethanol in concentrations