Administrative Epistolography in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (Spatbabylonische Briefe) 3963270063, 9783963270062

Table of contents :
Cover
Acknowledgments
Table of contents
Tables and figures
Abbreviations and orthographic conventions
1. Introduction
1.1. Periodisation
1.2. Goals and methods
1.3. The sources and the archives
1.3.1. The Eanna archive
1.3.2. The (early) Ebabbar archive
1.3.3. The corpus
1.4. State of the problem
1.4.1. Previous publications of letters in the corpus
1.4.2. Previous literature
1.5. On the translation
2. Methodological aspects
2.1. Definition and function of a letter
2.1.1. Typology
2.1.1.1. Letter proper
2.1.1.2. Letter order
2.1.1.3. “Memorandum”
2.1.1.4. Additional aspects
2.1.1.4.1. Hierarchical relation between the writers and the addressees
2.1.1.4.2. Incoming/Outgoing
2.2. The structure of a letter
2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.1.1. Formal address
2.2.1.1.1. ṭuppi PN address
2.2.1.1.2. Servant (ardu) address
2.2.1.1.3. ana PN umma address
2.2.1.1.4. šulmu šâlu address
2.2.1.1.5. Royal formal address (amāt šarri)
2.2.1.1.6. Variables within the formal address
2.2.1.2. Greeting formula
2.2.1.2.1. May the gods decree (liqbû)
2.2.1.2.2. Daily I pray (ūmussu uṣalla)
2.2.1.2.3. May you be well (lū šulmu)
2.2.1.2.4. May the gods bless … (likrubū)
2.2.1.2.5. Royal (I am well …)
2.2.1.2.6. “Double” greeting formula
2.2.2. The body of the letter
2.2.2.1. Particles structuring the epistolographic discourse
2.2.2.1.1. ana muḫḫi, ina muḫḫi, ša (at the head of a sentence)
2.2.2.1.2. amur
2.2.2.1.3. enna, adû, enna adû, and enna amur
2.2.2.1.4. kapdu and ḫanṭiš
2.2.2.1.5. umma
2.2.2.2. Stock phrase
2.2.2.2.1. DN (lū īdû) kī oath
2.2.2.2.2. DN (lū īdû) kī adī oath
2.2.2.2.3. ḫarrānu ana šēpē šakānu
2.2.2.2.4. kī nakutti šapāru
2.2.2.2.5. kī pāni (bēli) maḫir
2.2.2.2.6. lā šelû
2.2.2.2.7. libbu (ša PN) lū ṭâbu
2.2.2.2.8. lū īdû and (lū) īdû kī
2.2.2.2.9. nubattu lā bâtu
2.2.2.2.10. suddir-ma (take care of …)
2.2.2.2.11. ṭēmu (u šulmu) lū šemû
2.2.3. Closing formulae
2.3. Letters as administrative reports
2.4. Rhetoric and methods of persuasion
2.4.1. Rational argumentation
2.4.2. Emotions
2.4.3. Appeal to personal relationships
2.4.4. Reference to higher authorities – secular and divine
2.4.4.1. Threats
2.5. Methods of dating
2.5.1. “Museum archaeology” and archival context
2.5.2. Physical attributes (of tablet and text)
2.5.3. Lexical and stylistic considerations
2.5.4. Contents
2.5.5. Prosopography
3. The basics of epistolographic communication
3.1. Language
3.2. The tablets
3.2.1. Seals
3.3. Sending a letter
3.4. The messengers (mār šipri)
4. Administrative procedures
4.1. Temples’ high officials
4.1.1. Eanna
4.1.1.1. The royal resident (qīpu)
4.1.1.2. Temple administrator (šatammu)
4.1.1.3. Temple scribe (ṭupšar bīti)
4.1.2. Ebabbar
4.1.2.1. Royal resident (qīpu)
4.1.2.2. Chief priest (šangû) and temple administrator (šatammu)
4.1.2.2.1. Temple administrator (šatammu) of the Ebabbar
4.1.2.2.2. Chief priest (šangû) of the Ebabbar
4.2. Rules of administrative practice referred toin the letters
4.2.1. The concept of ‘service’ (maṣṣartu)
4.2.1.1. maṣṣartu owed by/for x?
4.2.1.2. Institutional maṣṣartu: maṣṣartu of the temple
4.2.1.3. Personal maṣṣartu: maṣṣartu of official/individual(s)
4.2.1.3.1. Between patrimonial and formal relations
4.2.1.3.2. “My maṣṣartu” in the letters of the governor of the Sealand
4.2.1.4. The (absence of) royal maṣṣartu
4.2.1.5. Conclusions (maṣṣartu)
4.2.2. ḫīṭu
4.2.2.1. Sin vs. punishment
4.2.2.2. The administrative context of ḫīṭu
4.2.2.3. Legal aspects of ḫīṭu
4.2.3. Interaction of temple officials with their temple colleagues
4.2.3.1. The “early career” of (the scribe) Nabû-bān-aḫi
4.2.3.1.1. Identification: between Nabû-bān-aḫi1 and Nabû-bān-aḫi2
4.2.3.1.2. The interaction of Nabû-bān-aḫi1 with other temple officials
4.2.3.2. The dossier of Mušēzib-Bēl and Ibni-Ištar
4.2.3.3. Piggyback messages
4.2.3.4. The interaction between the high-ranking Eanna officials
4.2.3.5. The royal resident of Ebabbar and the local Ebabbar officials
4.2.4. Interaction of temple officials with non-temple officials
4.2.4.1. Eanna – Uruk
4.2.4.1.1. The “Urukeans”
4.2.4.2. Eanna and its satellites: Larsa and Udannu
4.2.4.2.1. Larsa
4.2.4.2.2. Udannu
4.2.4.2.3. Conclusions (Larsa and Udannu)
4.2.4.3. Eanna – Sealand
4.2.4.3.1. Identifying the “Sealand letters”
4.2.4.3.2. Sealand officials
4.2.4.3.2.1. The governor of the Sealand
4.2.4.3.2.2. The deputy and the royal resident of the Sealand
4.2.4.3.3. Administrative aspects of Eanna/Sealand interaction
4.2.4.3.4. Personal aspects of Eanna/Sealand interaction
4.2.4.3.4.1. Nabû-ēṭer-napšāti and Nabû-nādin-šumi (aka Nādin)
4.2.4.3.5. Summary Eanna – Sealand
4.2.4.4. Eanna – Babylon
4.2.4.4.1. The royal family
4.2.4.4.1.1. Royal letters
4.2.4.4.1.2. Interaction with the king in letters of others
4.2.5. Interactions in the Ebabbar letters
5. Topics of correspondence
5.1. Building and infrastructure projects
5.1.1. Palace
5.1.2. Temple
5.1.3. The system at work
5.2. Military service
5.3. Agriculture
5.3.1. Legal and administrative aspects
5.3.2. Storage
5.3.3. Transportation
5.4. Cult
5.5. Management of personnel; legal problemsand court procedure
6. Comparison with earlier and later letter corpora
6.1. The Babylonian letters from the “State Archives of Assyria” (SAA)
6.2. Achaemenid (and late Neo-Babylonian)letters from Eanna and Ebabbar
7. Text editions
7.1. Letters from Eanna (Uruk)
7.2. Letters from Ebabbar (Sippar)
7.3. Appendix A: Cavigneaux 1981: 139f.
7.4. Appendix B: CT 22,160
8. Glossary
9. Bibliography
Indices
Genaral index
Month names: in the editions
Akkadian words
Hebrew words
Aramaic words
Toponyms and hydronyms: general
Toponyms and hydronyms: in the editions
Temple names: in the editions
Divine names: general
Divine names: in the editions
Personal names: general
Personal names: in the editions
Letters according to publication
Letters according to museum number
Letters in the corpus (+ appendixes A and B)
Texts
Biblical texts

Citation preview

dubsar 3 Administrative Epistolography Levavi • in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire

Spätbabylonische Briefe Herausgegeben von Michael Jursa Band 2

Administrative Epistolography in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire Yuval Levavi dubsar 3

www.zaphon.de

dubsar-3-Levavi-Cover-BM-49742.indd 1

Zaphon

24.04.2018 15:46:23

Spätbabylonische Briefe Herausgegeben von Michael Jursa Band 2

Administrative Epistolography in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire Yuval Levavi

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

dubsar Altorientalistische Publikationen Publications on the Ancient Near East Band 3 Herausgegeben von Kristin Kleber und Kai A. Metzler

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

Spätbabylonische Briefe Herausgegeben von Michael Jursa Band 2

Administrative Epistolography in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire Yuval Levavi

Zaphon Münster 2018 © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

Illustration auf dem Einband: British Museum, BM 49742, Vs., Zeichnung von Yuval Levavi

Yuval Levavi Administrative Epistolography in the Formative Phase of the Neo-Babylonian Empire = Spätbabylonische Briefe. Herausgegeben von Michael Jursa. Band 2 dubsar 3

© 2018 Zaphon, Münster (www.zaphon.de) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed in Germany Printed on acid-free paper ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

Acknowledgments This book is an adaptation of a PhD dissertation submitted (under the same title) in 2016 to the University of Vienna, under the supervision of Michael Jursa and Caroline Waerzeggers. The study was conducted under the auspices of the NFN ‘Imperium and Officium’ project, part 3: The Language of Power I: Official Epistolography in Babylonia in the First Millennium BC, which was financed by the Austrian Science Fund FWF, and was directed by M. Jursa at the University of Vienna. During the last six months of my work in Vienna I was supported by M. Jursa’s project ‘Diplomatik und Paläographie neu- und spätbabylonischer archivalischer Dokumente.’ Unpublished texts from the British Museum, the Yale Babylonian Collection and the Princeton Theological Seminary are quoted with the kind permission of the trustees of the British Museum, the curators of the Yale Babylonian Collection, B. R. Foster and U. Karsten, and R. Benedetto and K. Henke of the Princeton Theological Seminary, respectively. It was a great privilege to be able to enjoy the professional and personal help of numerous colleagues and friends along the way. First and foremost, I wish to thank M. Jursa for granting me the opportunity to work on “my letters”, for tackling with me both ancient and modern bureaucracy, and for his patient and enlightening guidance. Then, C. Waerzeggers, for the ever fruitful skype sessions; her sharp notes, “small” questions, and exceptionally accurate and piercing observations forced me to face many overlooked problems in my work. I further wish to thank the reviewers of my PhD dissertation: Hermann Hunger, whose helpful notes and kind attitude were greatly appreciated, and Kathleen Abraham, whose central part in my scholarly work cannot be overestimated. I thank my collaborators in the NFN project and the following three in particular: R. Pirngruber, for much needed perspective, and for great and selfless help day in day out, academic and beyond. M. Schmidl made much of her work in progress available to me, as well as her thoughts on many of our mutual questions; her parallel project is indispensable to the final outcome of this book. Third, J. Hackl has spent an unreasonable amount of time discussing both major and tiny issues along the way. I cannot overstress his contribution to this book. Jen Hicks read the final draft of my dissertation (though not of the book) and greatly improved my English. There are few who understand the magnitude of this task. She should not be held accountable for the remaining stylistic shortcomings and errors, as well as the numerous revised sections. I am also indebted to the following distinguished colleagues and friends: Ran Zadok, Michaela Weszeli, Christopher Walker, Cornell Thissen, Oded Tammuz, Bastian Still, Rieneke Sonnevelt, Gebhard Selz, Ilan Peled, Kristin Kleber, Melanie Groß, Rocio Da Riva, Paola Corò, Yoram Cohen, Carmen Berlinches Ramos, Tero Alstola, and a special thanks to Kai Metzler for his great help during the final stages of this work. The Austrian winters were warmed by the gracious hospitality of my friends and colleagues in the Institut für Orientalistik as well as the warmth and wonderful people of SKVVV. .‫ ומאיה שבמערב‬,‫ מאור‬,‫ יסמין‬,‫ איילת‬,‫ לשחר‬,‫להורי וסיפתח שבמזרח‬ © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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8

Table of contents

4.1.2.2. Chief priest (šangû) and temple administrator (šatammu)........... 104 4.1.2.2.1. Temple administrator (šatammu) of the Ebabbar .................. 104 4.1.2.2.2. Chief priest (šangû) of the Ebabbar....................................... 104 4.2. Rules of administrative practice referred to in the letters .................... 105 4.2.1. The concept of ‘service’ (maṣṣartu) .................................................... 105 4.2.1.1. maṣṣartu owed by/for x?.............................................................. 107 4.2.1.2. Institutional maṣṣartu: maṣṣartu of the temple............................ 109 4.2.1.3. Personal maṣṣartu: maṣṣartu of official/individual(s) ................. 110 4.2.1.3.1. Between patrimonial and formal relations............................. 112 4.2.1.3.2. “My maṣṣartu” in the letters of the governor of the Sealand 114 4.2.1.4. The (absence of) royal maṣṣartu.................................................. 116 4.2.1.5. Conclusions (maṣṣartu) ............................................................... 117 4.2.2. ḫīṭu ....................................................................................................... 117 4.2.2.1. Sin vs. punishment....................................................................... 118 4.2.2.2. The administrative context of ḫīṭu ............................................... 119 4.2.2.3. Legal aspects of ḫīṭu .................................................................... 119 4.2.3. Interaction of temple officials with their temple colleagues ................ 120 4.2.3.1. The “early career” of (the scribe) Nabû-bān-aḫi.......................... 124 4.2.3.1.1. Identification: between Nabû-bān-aḫi1 and Nabû-bān-aḫi2 ... 124 4.2.3.1.2. The interaction of Nabû-bān-aḫi1 with other temple officials127 4.2.3.2. The dossier of Mušēzib-Bēl and Ibni-Ištar .................................. 130 4.2.3.3. Piggyback messages .................................................................... 132 4.2.3.4. The interaction between the high-ranking Eanna officials .......... 134 4.2.3.5. The royal resident of Ebabbar and the local Ebabbar officials .... 140 4.2.4. Interaction of temple officials with non-temple officials..................... 141 4.2.4.1. Eanna – Uruk ............................................................................... 141 4.2.4.1.1. The “Urukeans”..................................................................... 145 4.2.4.2. Eanna and its satellites: Larsa and Udannu.................................. 147 4.2.4.2.1. Larsa ...................................................................................... 147 4.2.4.2.2. Udannu .................................................................................. 149 4.2.4.2.3. Conclusions (Larsa and Udannu) .......................................... 150 4.2.4.3. Eanna – Sealand........................................................................... 151 4.2.4.3.1. Identifying the “Sealand letters” ........................................... 152 4.2.4.3.2. Sealand officials .................................................................... 154 4.2.4.3.2.1. The governor of the Sealand .......................................... 155 4.2.4.3.2.2. The deputy and the royal resident of the Sealand........... 156 4.2.4.3.3. Administrative aspects of Eanna/Sealand interaction............ 158 4.2.4.3.4. Personal aspects of Eanna/Sealand interaction...................... 161 4.2.4.3.4.1. Nabû-ēṭer-napšāti and Nabû-nādin-šumi (aka Nādin).... 161 4.2.4.3.5. Summary Eanna – Sealand.................................................... 164 4.2.4.4. Eanna – Babylon.......................................................................... 164 4.2.4.4.1. The royal family .................................................................... 167 4.2.4.4.1.1. Royal letters.................................................................... 167 4.2.4.4.1.2. Interaction with the king in letters of others................... 171 4.2.5. Interactions in the Ebabbar letters........................................................ 173

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

Table of contents

5. 5.1. 5.1.1. 5.1.2. 5.1.3. 5.2. 5.3. 5.3.1. 5.3.2. 5.3.3. 5.4. 5.5. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4.

9

TOPICS OF CORRESPONDENCE ................................................... 176 Building and infrastructure projects..................................................... 176 Palace................................................................................................... 177 Temple ................................................................................................. 178 The system at work .............................................................................. 179 Military service .................................................................................... 186 Agriculture........................................................................................... 188 Legal and administrative aspects ......................................................... 188 Storage ................................................................................................. 194 Transportation...................................................................................... 195 Cult ...................................................................................................... 196 Management of personnel; legal problems and court procedure ......... 202 COMPARISON WITH EARLIER AND LATER LETTER CORPORA ............................................................................................ 213 The Babylonian letters from the “State Archives of Assyria” (SAA).. 213 Achaemenid (and late Neo-Babylonian) letters from Eanna and Ebabbar............................................................................................... 220 TEXT EDITIONS ................................................................................. 228 Letters from Eanna (Uruk)................................................................... 230 Letters from Ebabbar (Sippar) ............................................................. 463 Appendix A: Cavigneaux 1981: 139f. ................................................. 490 Appendix B: CT 22, 160...................................................................... 491

8.

GLOSSARY........................................................................................... 494

9.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................. 603

INDICES .......................................................................................................... 618 Genaral index .................................................................................................... 618 Month names: in the editions ............................................................................ 622 Akkadian words ................................................................................................ 622 Hebrew words ................................................................................................... 624 Aramaic words .................................................................................................. 624 Toponyms and hydronyms: general .................................................................. 624 Toponyms and hydronyms: in the editions ....................................................... 625 Temple names: in the editions ........................................................................... 626 Divine names: general ....................................................................................... 626 Divine names: in the editions ............................................................................ 627 Personal names: general .................................................................................... 629 Personal names: in the editions ......................................................................... 631 Numerals and numbers ...................................................................................... 655 Letters according to publication ........................................................................ 657 Letters according to museum number ............................................................... 661 Letters in the corpus (+ appendixes A and B)................................................... 666 Texts ............................................................................................................. 673 Biblical texts...................................................................................................... 681 © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)



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© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

Abbreviations and orthographic conventions Three-part filiations are rendered as: personal name/father’s name//family name. Royal names are abbreviated (see list below). Accession years are expressed as “0 RN”. ˹ ˺ * /…/ [ ] { } < > > ! ?

º

partially preserved signs reading improved by collation (in translations) skipping of words or lines broken and/or restored signs and passages erased by the scribe omitted signs in the cuneiform text redundant signs in the cuneiform text emended sign uncertain reading of a sign sign written over previous sign

DN GN Imp. LeE LoE Obv Pl. PN Rev RN Sg. T. UpE

divine name geographical name imperative left edge of a tablet lower edge of a tablet obverse of a tablet plural personal name reverse of a tablet royal name singular Text upper edge of a tablet

VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Tašrītu (September/October) Araḫsamnu (October/November) Kislīmu (November/December) Ṭebētu (December/January) Šabāṭu (January/February) Addaru (February/March)

Babylonian months: I. II. III. IV. V. VI.

Nisannu (March/April) Ayyāru (April/May) Simānu (May/June) Dûzu (June/July) Abu (July/August) Ulūlu (August/September)

Kings (Abbreviations used in this work) * all dates are BCE. (Ašb) Assurbanipal (Ššu) Šamaš-šumu-ukīn (Kan) Kandalānu (Sši) Sîn-šarru-iškun (Sšl) Sîn-šumu-līšir (Npl) Nabopolassar (Nbk) Nebuchadnezzar II (AM) Amīl-Marduk (Ner) Neriglissar Lâbâši-Marduk (Nbn) Nabonidus (Cyr) Cyrus (Cam) Cambyses Bardiya Nebuchadnezzar III Nebuchadnezzar IV (Dar) Darius I Xerxes I Šamaš-erība Bēl-šimânni

668–631/28 (king of Assyria) 668–648 648–627 628–612 (king of Assyria) 626 626–605 605–562 561–560 559–556 556 555–539 538–530 529–522 522 522 521 521–486 485–465 484 484

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492

7. Text editions

rather than from Sippar,741 we can also note that Nabû-silim mentioned in CT 22, 19 and CT 22, 61 is (or are) of lower rank than the writer of CT 22, 160 (who addresses the temple administrator as his brother).742 The subject matter of his letter suggests that Nabû-silim was part of the royal administration. Note the switching between ‘brother’ (lines 2, 3) and ‘lord’ (lines 13, 20, 30), which suggests that hierarchical relation between him and the temple administrator was perhaps somewhat fluid. J. MacGinnis (1994: 209 note 58) suggests identifying Nabû-šarru-uṣur as the ša rēš šarri (bēl piqitti Eanna) of Eanna, who was active from the fourth decade of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign onwards. While there is no direct evidence against this suggestion, the name alone is not enough to validate such a claim. Although the letter cannot be dated on the basis of prosopography, palaeography points towards the first half of the Neo-Babylonian period; e.g., the shape of the meš sign (line 7), and the overall straight (rather than slanted) wedges. BM 38236 Obv

5

10

LoE15 Rev 20

25

CT 22, 160

im Id+ag-si-lim a-na lúšà.tam šeš-ia lu-ú šu-lum a-na šeš-iá d +ag u damar.utu a-na šeš-iá lik-ru-bu Id +ag-lugal-ùru a-šú šá Imu-ùru lugal a-na ugu lúérinmeš-šú ul-te-ziz um-ma lúérinmeš ul i-man-gur-ma dul-lu šá lugal ul ip-pu-uš lugal iq-ta-ba-ˀa um-ma a-na lúšà.tam šu-pur-ma liš-pur-ra-ak-áš-šu-nu-tu en-na a-na en-iá al-tap-ra ḫa-an-ṭiš Id ba.ú-kám a-šú šá Idutu-mu I ina-sùḫ-sur a-šú šá Iri-mut I ri-mut a-šú šá Išá-ka-d+en Id +ag-i a-šú šá Id+ag-mu ina iz-qa-tu4 be-lí liš-pur-ra-áš-šú-nu-tu a-na da-ni-ka lugal ki-i ú-dan-ni-in a-na muḫ-ḫi ip-te-qid lú š[i]-ra-ku gab-bi bi-ru-ú i-qa-bu-ú um-ma ri-ḫa-an-ni šá iti.sig4 u iti.šu

1–5 Letter of Nabû-silim to the temple administrator, my brother. May my brother be well. May Nabû and Marduk bless my brother. 6–12 Nabû-šarru-uṣur, son of Šumuuṣur, (whom) the king assigned with the men, (is saying), ‘The workers are uncooperative; they do not (come and) perform the king’s work.’ The king answered, ‘Write to the temple administrator, he should send them to you.’ 13–21 (So) now, I am writing to my lord; quickly—Bābu-ēreš, son of Šamaš-iddin, Ina-tēšê-ēṭer, son of Rēmūt, Rēmūt, son of Ša-pî-Bēl (and) Nabû-naˀid, son of Nabû-iddin—the lord should send them handcuffed. 22–24 The king had spoken seriously on your behalf, and he entrusted (you) to the matter. 25–34 The serfs are all starving, saying, ‘No one has given us our payments for Simānu and Dûzu.’ The lord should order that they will be given it. They are furious.

741

This is suggested by the BM number. Incidentally, if the letter were from the Ebabbar archive, the mention of the temple administrator would date it to the pre-Nabopolassar administrative restructure of the temple and the replacement of the temple administrator with a chief priest.

742

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7.4. Appendix B: CT 22, 160

493

mam-ma ul id-di-ni-an-na-šú en liq-bi-i-ma lid-din-nu-ni-iš-šú-nu-tu UpE lu-ú ma-a-du pa-ni-šú-nu bi-šu-ˀu 30

22. 15. 28.

a-na da-ni-ka; an abbreviation for a(na) d(in)ānika, cf. e.g., CT 22, 32: 14 (ad-da-dik-ka); CT 22, 187: 13 (ad-da-dik-ka), and see: dinānu,1, 2’, CAD D: 149. For the reading of the divine name dba.ú as Bābu, see Marchesi 2002, especially p. 171f.; and cf. G. Rubio (2010: 35ff.), who reads dba.ba6. Although speculative, the royal resident of Eanna explicitly states in No. 157 that the firing of bricks was done during the moths of Simānu and Dûzu, and this might have been the context in which these serfs were working.

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8. Glossary The format and rational of the following section generally follow that of the glossary in AOAT 414/1. The glossary includes the full vocabulary of the editions presented in this volume. Words which could not be assigned to any particular basic form (due to damage or unclear reading) are found at the end of the glossary. Damaged words, the reconstruction of which is largely (or purely) conjectured, are not listed. Divine names, geographical names (including tribes, canals, and celestial names), month names, numerals/numbers, and temple names are indexed separately (see indices below). Lemmas are arranged according to parts of speech. Thus a word can be listed twice (rarely thrice) for each grammatical usage. Furthermore, the lemmas are presented according to the Late Babylonian forms; specifically, the forms attested in the corpus. Thus, some deviations from the dictionaries (AHw, CAD), indicated by cross references, should be taken into considerations. Due to consideration of space, in cases of frequently used lemmas, not all attestations are listed. Moreover, not all listed attestations are quoted. The guiding rational was to present the reader with the ways a certain lemma is used in the corpus. Orthographic, morphological, and semantic aspects were also taken into consideration (as well as the state of preservation). For some frequently occurring verbs, for example, attention was given to morphology in order to provide the reader with an overview of attested forms. Epigraphic, grammatical, or lexical difficulties are not discussed and the reader may consult the commentary in the pertain edition. The number of attestations, however, is given. When the number of attestations differs from the number of letters (due to multiple attestations of a lemma in a single letter), both figures are noted. Two exceptions are → ana and → ina, for which too many uncertain contexts convolute any attempt to provide the reader with an accurate and reliable account. Finally, note that the given translation of a certain entry may differ from the example(s) quoted below due to the specific context of the quoted text. Abbreviations: Acc. Adj. Ap. Conj. Dem.Pron F.Ad. Gr.F. Ind.Pron. Int. Int.Adv. Int.Pron. Interj.

Accusative adjective appendix conjunction743 demonstrative pronoun formal address greeting formula indefinite pronoun introduction interrogative adverb interrogative pronoun interjection

mng. Neg. Nom.S. Part. Part. Pos. Pr.Suff. Prep. Pres.Prt. Ps.Pron. Pt. Vent.

meaning negative nominal sentence particle Particle positive Pronominal suffix preposition present participle personal pronoun participle venitiv

743

This category encompasses both Konjunktion (coordinating conjunction) and Subjunktion (subordinating conjunction), as is used in SbB 1. © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

–A–

495

–A– ā Dem.Pron; “this”, “these” (29 ats., 24 let.) 120:13, 22, 25 kù.babbar a4; 165:8 sík.ḫi.a a4; 175:13 itimeš a4; 14:21 érinmeš ˹aˀ˺; 51:9 kù.babbar aˀ abāku verb; 1. “lead away”, “dispatch”, 2. + Vent. “lead”, “bring”, 3. nanbuku “to be lead/summoned” (41 ats., 30 let.) 1. a) people: Imp. 2.Sg.m.: 24:19 a-na ku-um PN a-˹bu-uk˺-šú “send him in place of PN”; Imp. 2.Pl.m.: 134:17 lúérinmeš it-ti-ku-nu ab-ka-aˀ b) animals, goods: Pret. 3.Sg.m.: 106:19 ina šuII!-ni-nu i-bu-ku; Perf. 3.Sg.m.: 127:6 8 udu.níta i-tab-bak; Perf. 1.Sg.m. + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 162:8 šu-ú at-ta-bak-šu; Imp. 2.Sg.m.: 172:48 gu4 šá* at*-tu*-˹ú*-a* a*?-bu*?˺-[uk?] 2. a) people: Imp. 2.Sg.m.: 92:24’ lúsipameš [a-na igi]-iá ab-ka; Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 172:12 PN ki-i a-bu-uk-ka i-qab-ba-a um-ma b) animals, goods: Imp.: 105:21 7 munusáš.gàr it-ti-šú-nu ab!-˹ka˺; Prec. 3.Sg.m.: 208:24’ a-na sip-parki li-bu-kám-ma 4. N Pres. 1.Pl.m.: 133:19 a-na ḫe-ru-tu šá íd d+en nin-nab-bak “we will be called up for the digging of the Bēl-canal” abālu verb; 1. “send, deliver, carry”, 2. šūbulu “send, deliver, carry” 1. (3 ats.): Pres. 1.Sg.m.: 38:13 1+en anše il-lat ˹šá*˺ ½ ma.na [u]b-bal ina šuII PN lúgal qa-na-˹a-ti a-ba-ak-šú “I will take one caravan-donkey, which is worth half a mina, from PN, head of the cattle pen”; Pret. 2.Sg.m.: 159:23 túgmu-ṣip-ti ˹a-ki˺-i šá tu-ub-ba-lu “as (many) garments as you can carry”; 70:27 ub?-ba-lu (broken context) 2. šūbulu (113 ats., 74 let.): Pres.: 1.Sg.m.: 191:30 ú-še-bi-li; 2.Sg.m.: 77:32 ˹tu˺-šeeb-bi-la; 3.Pl.m + 3.Pl.m Suff.: 50:15 a-di m[uḫ-ḫi a-na] kur tam-˹tim˺ mar-ri an.barmeš ú-še-eb-bi-la-áš-šú-nu-[tu-(ma)]; Pret.: 1.Sg.m: 193:16 a-na en-ia la ú-še-bi-la; 1.Sg.m. + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 211:5’ ú-še-bi-la-áš; + 2.Pl.m Suff.: 86:9 ú-še-bi-lak-ku-nu-ši; 2.Pl.m.: 76:9 ˹ul˺ tu-še-bi-la-nu “you did not send”; 2.Sg.m.: 49:8 kù.gi šá tu-še-bi-la i-na šu-qulti šá lugal 2 gín la ma-ṭu-ú; Perf.: 1.Pl.m + 2.Pl.m. Suff.; 146:25’ nu-ul-te-bi-lak-ku-nuši; 1.Sg.m: 212:12’ ul-te-bi-la; 1.Pl.m. + 2.Sg.m. Suff.: 110:7 8 gišma-ši-ḫu šá zú.lum.ma ina šuII PN nu-ul-te-bi-lak-ka; 2.Sg.m.: 141:12 15 ma.na kù.babbar tul-te-bil; 3.Sg.m.: 196:15 ul-te-bi-li; Imp.: 1.Sg.m.: 87:21 šu-bi-la; 2.Pl.m.: 176:21 kù.babbar i-šá-nim-ma šu-bi-la-nu; 2.Pl.m. + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 63:26 šu-bi-la-niš-šú; 2.Pl.m. + 3.Pl.m.: 131:15 zíz.a.an zíd.da šu-˹bi-la-áš-šú-nu-tu˺ “send them emmer and flour”; 2.Sg.m. + 1.Pl.m. Suff.: 110:13 šu-bi-la-an-na-šú; Prec.: 1.Sg.m: 51:23 mim-ma ma-la ḫa-áš-ḫa-ta a-na šeš-iá lu-še-bi-la “I’ll deliver (back) to my brother whatever (he) needs”; 1.Sg.m. + 2.Pl.m. Suff.: 176:26 lu-še-bi-lak-ku-nu-šú; 1.Sg.m. + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 108:20 lu-še-la-šú; 3.Pl.m.: 19:19 gišḫu-ṣa-bi lu-še-bi-lu-nu; 3.Sg.m.: 119:16 en lu-še-˹bi-la˺ abattu noun; “stone, gravel” (2 ats.) 71:32 a-˹bat˺-tu; 131:9 a-bat-tu4 ˹nu-sa-da˺-[ar] ablu Adj.; “dried” 156:42 uzu ab-lu abnu noun; “stone” 63:22 ina lìb-bi na4meš bu-ˀa-a-ma

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496

Glossary

abu A noun; “father” (39 ats., 19 let. + in Int.: 38 let.) 5:24 a-na ad-ia aq-bu-u um-ma; 40:10 ina šuII PN a-na ad-ia ul-te-bi-la; 58:16 ˹ad˺ u ˹dumu˺ “father or son” Abu B → index: Month names abbūtu noun; “fatherly attitude” 14:6 a-di la a-na ad-bu-tu ú-ba-ˀa-ka “I did not even look for your fatherly guidance” adānu noun; “fixed date/time” 66:7 ad‑dan gi‑nu‑ú “the schedule of the regular offerings” Addāru → index: Month names Addāru II → index: Month names adī A Prep.; 1. “until” (of time), 2. “until” (of space). 3. “including, together with, concerning”, 4. + numerals “x-fold” (15 ats., 14 let. + 2 uncertain contexts); see also → adī muḫḫi 1. of time (6 ats.): 28:20 ˹a-di-i qí˺-it; 46:10 ul-tu ud.15.kam a-di ud.16.kam; 98:9 adi-i ud.20.kam šá iti.zíz; 128:20’ 146:15’; 159:5 2. of space (3 ats., 2 let.): 105:21,23 ˹a-di-i˺ tin.tirki; 202:17 šu-ú ul-tu re-eš a-di qí-it šešme a-ḫa-meš ni-ni “he (and I), we’re brothers through and through” 3. (5 ats.): 14:5; 29:12 a-˹di˺ dum-qí-ka ú-ba-ˀu-ú; 81:8 5 me še.bar a-di zíz.àm e-en6du “500 (kurrus) of barley, including emmer, are assessed”; 141:10; 156:8 4. “x-fold”: 172:30 a-di-i 3-šú dul-la ni-íp-pu-uš-ma! “we are working threefold” adī B Conj.; 1. “until, as long as, while”, 2. following → kī (in an oath) (11 ats., 10 let.); see also → adī muḫḫi ša 1. (6 ats., 5 let.): 21:12; 27:23 a-di la [di]b-bu i-šá-nu-˹ú˺; 66:15 a-di al-la-kám-ma; 132:12, 15; 158:29 2. (5 ats.): 75:19; 89:19; 106:26; 131:10; 173:11 adī lā Conj.; “as long as, (not) yet” (4 ats.) 27:18 a-di la [di]b-bu i-šá-nu-˹ú˺ “as long as the orders are not changed”; 98:25; 154:8; 195:25 a-di la lúa.kin šá en-iá am-ma-ru adī muḫḫi Prep.; “until” (of time) (3 ats.); see also → adī A 50:12 a-di m[uḫ-ḫi a-na] kur tam-˹tim˺ mar-ri an.barmeš ú-še-eb-bi-la-áš-šú-nu-[tu(ma)] dul-lu ina lìb-bi li-pu-uš-ú “until the iron spades will be sent to the Sealand (however), they should carry on their work”; 117:26 a-di ugu e[n-na] ṭè-en-šú [ul] áš-me; 18:13 adī muḫḫi ša Conj.; “until, as long as, while” (15 ats.); see also → adī B 28:14 ˹a˺-di ugu šá e[n*-na] ˹kaskalII!˺ a-na gìrII-˹iá*˺ ul iš-˹kun-(x)˺; 36:10 en.nunta-a ú-ṣur a-di muḫ-ḫi šá a-na tin.tirki al-la-ka “look after my service until I arrive in Babylon”; 80:8; 81:26 a-di muḫ-ḫi šá PN tal-ta-par; 85:27 a-di ugu šá en-na; 88:15; 118:8; 120:20 am-me-ni a-di ˹muḫ-ḫi šá˺ lúqí-i-pi ˹il-li-ku kù.babbar˺ a4 1 ma.na ˹ta˺-an-ḫu-ur-šú “why (then) did you take from him that one mina of silver prior to the royal resident’s arrival?”; 145: 9 ul-tu ud.22.kam a-di muḫ-ḫi šá en-na ˹la˺ ka-la-an-ni;178:25 a-di ugu ˹šá dul-lu íd˺ mi-ṭu la ˹šak?˺-nu “in the meantime, the work on the canal is reduced”;

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–A–

497

182:17; 195:14; 196:33 a-di ugu šá ana igi-ka al-la-ku; 212:20 a-di-˹ˀ*˺ ugu šá en-na “up until now” adī pān Prep.; “of, from” (1 ats.), for → ana pān 112:21 a-di pa-ni PN la te-te-eq “you should not ignore PN” adû A noun; “(loyalty) oath” (3 ats.) 67:10 ina muḫ-ḫi-šú [um-ma e]n ˹a˺-de-e šá lugal en-iá at-ta dub* a-de-e šá lugal eniá [tu?-kal?] “(I said) before him, ‘you are an adû-servant of the king, my lord,’ [you keep] (your) adû-tablet to the king”; 85:6 ki-i lugal u a-de-e-šú pal-ḫa-a-˹ta˺ “for fear of the king and (your) adû-oath to him”; 159:4 a-de-e šá lugal “(my) adû-oath to the king” adû B Adv.; “now (then)” (12 ats., 11 let.) 12:17, 18 a-du-ú “now then”; 31:33; 37:9 en-na a-du-ú; 50:6; 51:8 a-du-ú; 94:21 adu-ú; 126:18; 131:6; 141:13; 202:5 (gf) a-du-ú érinme ˹a4˺ ina bu-bu-tu ina šuII-ia it-ta˹iṣ˺-ˀu “now then, I pray to Nabû and Nanāya for the prosperity of my brothers”; 204:20 a-du-ú “now then” agâ Dem.Pron.; 1. “this, these”, 2. + Prep.. 3. + Adv. (32 ats., 24 let.); see also → agāšu 1. (20 ats.) a) Sg.: 16:3, 6; 32:19 ˹a-ga˺-a ˹lu˺-ú [ti-de] “you should know that”; 43:14, 20, 24; 71:6 a-ga-a šá a-na en-iá ni-iq-[bu-u]; 75:20 d+ag ki-i a-di dul-lu a-˹ga˺-a ˹ta-ammar-šú˺ [it]i.sig4 iq-ta-at-t[a] “by Nabû, you will see to the completion of this work before the month of Simānu ends”; 90:33 al-la dul-lu a-˹ga-a˺; 111:7; 115:16; 125:5 13 mumeš aga-a “these (past) 13 years”; 125:7 ˹u4-mu˺ a-˹ga-a˺ “today”; 157:35 a-gur-ri mu.an.na aga!(T.:ta)-a la ni-il-bi-˹in˺ “we haven’t baked (any) bricks this year”; 160:13; 168:8; 174:25 gišgeštin a-ga-a ta-qaṭ-ṭap; 174:35; 184:29 3 itimeš a-ga-a gu4meš-šú a-ta-bak; 202:20 a-ga-a lu-ú mun šá šešme-e-a ip-pu-šu-nu “let this be the way my brothers do what is right by me” b) Pl.: 100:22 itimeš a-ga-a-˹tú˺? c) + 3.Pl.m. Suff.: 102:10 ri-qu-ti u muš-ki-nu-˹ti˺ it-ti érinmeš a-ga-a-šú-nu te-eq-ti id-bu-bu “(someone had already) reproached those men regarding their idleness and incompetence” 2. a) + → akī: 100:20 a-ki-i a-˹ga-a˺ “this way” b) + → ana: 97:12 a-na a-ga-a c) + → ina: 103:10 ina a-ga-a am-mar-ka “I will acknowledge you for this”; 173:4 ki-i lu[gal ina a]-ga-a ta-nam-˹ṣa-ra ú˺-ṣur “(Keep) serving the king as you have been serving (so far)” d) + → mala: 39:15 ma-la a-ga!-a u4-mu “up until now”; 120:6 šá ma-la a-ga-a u4mu ši-pir-ti-a la ta-mu-ru dul-lu ina muḫ-ḫi-iá ˹da*-a*˺-nu “that up to this day you did not see my message, (is because) my work here is hard”; see also → mala B e) + → libbū: 158:4 mi-nam-ma lìb!-bu-ú a-ga-a PN i-šap-par “why does PN write these (things)?” f) + → ultu ūmu: 87:27 ul-tu u4-mu a-ga-a “starting today” 3. + → ina libbi: 43:30 ˹mam˺-[ma šá en.nun]-˹ta-a˺ i-˹nam-ṣar˺-ru ina ˹lìb˺-bi a-gaa am-mar-šú “I will notice (those) who will look after my [service]” agāru verb; “hire (workers)” (4 ats., 3 let.) Pres. 1.Pl.m.: 116:11 1 me 30 lúḫun.gáme šá érinme ni-ig-ga-ru “we will employ 130 hired labourers as workmen”; Pres. 3.Pl.m.: 84:14 ina la lúérinmeš lúḫun.˹gá-ú-tu˺ ni-ig-garu “having no workers, we will hire hired labourers”; Prec.: 90:19 kù.babbar a-na lúqí-ipi šu-bi-lam-ma lúḫun.gámeš ˹li˺-gur-ra-am-m[a] “send silver to the royal resident so he might employ hired labourers”; Imp.: 90:12 ˹lúḫun.gá˺meš a-˹gur˺-ra-nu © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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agāšu DemPro.; “these”, see also → agâ 83:15 dib-bi a-ga-šú-nu šá a-kan-na-ka id-da-ab-bu-ub ḫur-ṣa-am-ma šup-ra “write me a concise report of what is being said there” agru noun; “hired labourers” (9 ats., 6 let.) 30:22 érinmeš pi-tin-nu-tu ˹ag˺-ra-tú šá a-na dul-lu dùg.ga di-ka-a-ma šup-ru “levy and send strong workers and hired labourers that are fit for the work”; 84:8, 13 ˹ lúḫun˺.gáú-tu; 90:12 ˹lúḫun.gá˺meš a-˹gur˺-ra-nu; 90:18 kù.babbar a-na lúqí-i-pi šu-bi-lam-ma lú ḫun.gámeš ˹li˺-gur-ra-am-m[a] “send silver to the royal resident so he might employ hired labourers”; 115:8, 20 lúḫun.gáme; 116:10, 1 me 30 lúḫun.gáme šá érinme ni-ig-ga-ru; 116:17 lú ḫun.gáme šá érinme mim-ma ˹du-lu˺ ip-pu-uš-ˀu “the hired labourers are doing all the work of the workmen”; 173:21 lúḫun.gámeš-šú-nu “their hired-workers” agurru noun; “(fired) bricks” (6 ats., 3 let.) 73:19 a-gur-ru u [te-e]r-si-tú šá gab-bi taq-te-ri-ib “the baked-bricks and supplies of everyone (else) have arrived”; 148:10 220 lim a-gur-ru [š]á? ka-re-e-a [a]-na sa-ḫa-ap ina muḫ-ḫi-ia “I am (also) responsible for the layout of 220,000(+) fired-bricks from my depot”; 157:9 d+en ki-i a-gur-a i-ba-áš-šu-ú “by Bēl, there’re no baked bricks available”; 157:20 a-gur-ri la ṣa-rip “unfired bricks”; 157:34 a-gur-ri mu.an.na a-ga!(T.:ta)-a la niil-bi-˹in˺ “we haven’t baked (any) bricks this year” aḫāmeš Adv.; “together, mutually” (2 ats.) 132:17 it-ti a-˹ḫa?˺-meš lid-dab-bu-˹ub˺ “we will discuss it together”; 202:18 šu-ú ul-tu re-eš a-di qí-it šešme a-ḫa-meš ni-ni “he (and I), we’re brothers through and through” aḫātu noun; “sister” (3 ats., 2 let.) 2:5 a-ḫat-ta-a ši-i “she’s my sister”; 67:12, 16 a-ḫa-ti “sister” aḫḫūtu noun; “brotherly relationship, brotherhood”, see also → aḫu A 5:16 šeš-ú-ti-ka “brotherly relationship with you” aḫu A noun; “brother” (65 ats., 42 let. + in Int.: 97 let.), see also → aḫḫūtu 5:15 šeš-ú-a šu-u “he is my brother”; 8:5 šešmeš-e-a; 35:10, 18 šešmeš-iá; 70:22 šešú-ni; 2:7 šeš-ka; 125:37 ˹šeš˺-ku-˹nu˺; 131:17 šeš-šú; 147:32 šeš-šú-nu; 173:39 šešmeš-šú; 74:2 (F.Ad.) pabmeš-šú aḫu B noun; “half” 156:44 a-ḫi šá “half of” aḫulap Interj.; an exclamation, seek of compassion 95:16 a-ḫu-lap-k[a] “I beseech you” akalu noun; “bread”, “food (rations)” (7 ats.) a) “bread” (4 ats.): 61:15 ninda.ḫi.a ba-nu-ú “fine bread”; 122:8 ninda.ḫi.a; 131:11? a-ka-lu-u-tu; 212: 19’, 21’ ninda.ḫi.a “bread” b) “food” (3 ats.): 146:14 ninda.ḫi.a-šú-nu šá ˹ta ud˺.[x.kam] šá iti.zíz a-di ud.4.kam šá iti.diri.še.kin.tar eṭ-ru-[ˀu] “their food-(rations) are paid from day [x] of Šabāṭu until the fourth day of the intercalary Addāru”; 147:20 a-ka-˹lu˺ u ḫi-šiḫ-[tu] mala ba-[šu-u]; 193:11 a-ka-lu ù me-e al-ḫe-me “(by Bēl and Nabû) … I took neither food nor water”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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akālu verb; 1. “eat, feed”, 2. “consume, use up”, 3. “(to have right to) use/enjoy something”, 4. šūkullu “tan” (by soaking), 5. nākulu “be consumed” 1. “eat, feed”: a) people: Pret. 1.Pl.m.: 4:28 šit-tu4 [mim-m]a ina ká é kil-li-ni nikul “we are eating the leftovers in the gate of our prison” b) animals (2 ats.): Pres. 3.Pl.m: 87:26 ina è níg.ga li-ku-lu “they should be fed in the storehouse”; Prec.: 78:33 si-in-du [ø] u tuḫ-ḫu li-ku-lu “have them fed on sindu-cereals and bran” 2. a) “consume” (4 ats.): Perf. 3.Sg.m.: 121:17 zú.lum.ma ina lìb-bi i-˹ta˺-[kal]; Prec. 3.Sg.m.: 130:17 a-na ud.˹8˺.kam li-ku-lu “(the ox is) to be consumed at the eighth day” b) “use up”: Perf. 3.Sg.m.: 56:36 pab 9 ùzmeš ina lìb-bi i-ta-kal “he used up a total of nine goats” 3. “(to have right to) use/enjoy something” (2 ats., 1 let.): Pres. 3.Sg.m.: 4:19 ú-tur ˹ik˺-kal “enjoys the rest (himself)”; Prec. 3.Sg.m.: 4:27 lúqí-˹i˺-pi ik-rib!(T.:pur) li-kul “(should) the royal resident have the votive offering?” 4. šūkullu “tan”: Prec.: 77:22 ina é gur7me lu-šá-ki-lu “they should tan (them) at the storehouse” 5. nākulu (2 ats.): 168:12 dutu ki-i ul-tu iti.sig4? še.bar la ik-ka-lu; 180:20 še.numun šá lugal in-n[a]k-kal “the king’s fields will be consumed” akanna Adv.; 1. “here”, 2. used as venitive (55 ats., 42 let.) 1. (49 ats.): 12 a-kan-ni; 10:12 a-kan-na; 59:9 um-ma-nu šá lugal ma-la a-kan-na a-ki-i ma-de-e šá-ki-in “the great royal army that is here”; 99:25 dutu ki-i a-kan-na la úba-ˀa-u “by Šamaš, I have looked for (it) here”;174:29 a-kan-na ma-aṣ-ṣar-ti šá en-iá anam-ṣar “I am here watching over the service of my lord”; 2. as venitive (6 ats.): 121:18 [a]-kan-na lu-ú-[še-bil-ma] “let him [deliver] (it) here”; 121: 31 kaskalII [a-k]an-na a-na gìr-šú [liš]-šá-kin “let him be sent on his way here” akannaka Adv.; “there” (11 ats., 10 let.) 7:14, 23 a-kan-na-ka; 46:16; 73:30; 83:16; 91:5; 121:22; 172:46; 214:18 a-kan-naka; + 2.Pl.m. Suff. (2 ats.): 63:16 a-kan-na-ku-nu; 202:8 PN šá a-kan-na-ku-nu šeš-ú-a šu-ú “PN, who is there with you, he is my brother” akī Prep; 1. “according to, due to, like, as much as, instead of, as soon as”, 2. + → ša (24 ats., 21 let.); see also → kī A 1. (19 ats.) 7:28 a-ki-i na-qut-tú a-na be-lí-iá al-tap-ra “I am writing to my lords out of concern”; 15:5 mim-ma šá Idu.gur-mu i-qab-bu-u a-ki-i pi-i-šú en la il-lak “the lord should not act according to what Nergal-iddin is saying”; 25:15 ˹a-ki* pi-i˺ šá érinmeš la ˹tal˺-la-˹ak˺; 25:31 a-˹ki*-i˺ dul-lu maḫ-ri-i la ta-šak*-˹kan*˺ “do not base (your plans) on the previous work”; 28:17 ˹70˺ gur a-˹ki-i 1˺ me it-tan-˹ni “he gave me (only) 70 kurrus (of barley) instead of the 100”; 59:10 um-ma-nu šá lugal ma-la a-kan-na a-ki-i ma-de-e šá-ki-in; 90:28 a-ki-i ma-de-e al-t[a-par] “I am writing to you with great (urgency)”; 100:20 a-ki-i a-˹ga-a˺ “this way”; 152:26 PN šá a-ki-i da ìr la ia-˹tu˺ “PN, who, according to the writing-board, is not to (work as) a slave for me”; 166:34 a-ki-i ḫa-na-qu “(it) is like suffocation”; 192:17’ ˹a˺-k[i-i i]š-mu-ma mam-ma ˹al-la-ku šu˺-pur-ru “since he heard of it, you should send an emissary” 2. (5 ats.): 17:9 a-ki-i šá ma-ḫír “as soon as (they were) received”; 106:23 dib-bi aki-i šá ep-šu ina igi-šu ul-te-nu “(I) repeated the things, as they occurred, to him”; 157:27 at-ta ˹mim˺-ma a-ki-i šá ˹ṭa˺-a-bi it-ti du!-bu-ub; 159:23 túgmu-ṣip-ti ˹a-ki˺-i šá tu-ub-balu in-na-áš-šú; 193:8 a-ki-i šá lúa.kin šá en-ia ši-pir-ti iš-šá-am-ma id-din-nu “as soon as my lord’s messenger brought and gave (me) the letter” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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akkāˀi Int.Adv.; “how” 30:32 šá-al-šú-nu-tú ak-ka-ˀi-i ki-i dul-lu a-kan-na in-ni-ip-pu-uš “ask them how the work is being done here” alaktu noun; “journey” (2 ats.) 98:36 i-˹na a˺-la-ka-ti ˹lid˺-din-˹ma˺ “he should supply (it) for the journey”; 175:17 a-na ugu a-la-ku šá tin.tirki šá en iš-pur-ru “regarding the journey to Babylon about which the lord has written” alāku verb; 1. + venitive (with or alternatively with → ana pān) “come, arrive”, 2. “go (away), leave, travel”, 3. idiomatic use (127 ats., 86 let.) 1. “come, arrive”: Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 97:25 a-na unugki ki-i al-li-[ku] “when I arrived in Uruk”; 3.Sg.m.: 97:15 5 6 a-na pa-ni-šú ki-i il-li-[ku] “the (last) five or six (times) he came to him”;105:7 ˹lúsipa˺ šá it-ti-šú ˹il˺-la-ka “the shepherd who came with him”; 127:5 ul-tu muḫ-ḫi šá PN il-lik-ki “since PN arrived”; 155:11 lúa.kin-ka ˹il˺-li-kam-ma “your messenger should come”; 184:33 mi-nam-ma a-na pa-ni-ia ul il-li-ka “how come he didn’t come to me?”; Pres. 1.Sg.m.: 152:16 a-na pa-an en-iá la al-li-kám-ma “I would (rather) not come to my lord”; 186:9 ul a-ka-a-šú ˹al˺-la-ka “I am coming without delay”; 1.Pl.m.: 204:27 ina še-ri a-na pa-ni be-lí-ia ni-il-la-ka “we will come to my lord by morning”; 2.Sg.m.: 155:19 ˹šá la˺ gu4meš la ta-al-la-ku “don’t come (back) without the oxen”; 3.Sg.f.: 22:10 ki-i ˹áš?˺-[mu-u]? fPN [a-na (igi)] ˹en˺-ia˹ki˺-i tal-li-ku “I have h[eard] that fPN is arriving [to] my lord”; 3.Pl.m.: 122: 23, 24 ki-i il-l[i-ka-n]u u ki-i la il-[li-ka]-nu šup-ranu “write me whether or not (the oxen) arrive”; 183:30 gišma-ak-˹ke˺-e la il-la-ku-nu-imma “the makkû-boats should not come here”; Perf. 1.Sg.m. + 2.g.m. Suff.: 194:13 ma-ˀadiš at-tal-la-k[a] “I came to you in great (urgency)”; 3.Sg.m.: 182:8 PN a-na pa-ni en-ia it-tal-ka “PN has come to my lord”; 3.Pl.m. + 2.Pl.m. Suff.: 30:31 lúgal 50meš gab-bi a-na pa-ni-ku-nu it-tal-ku-nu “all of the overseers-of-fifties are coming before you”; Inf.: 16:4 ma-la ˹a?-lak?˺ a-na ˹pa-ni šeš-iá ul?˺ ma-ṣa-[ku] “I was unable to come to my brother”; 147:26 a-la-ku šá lugal i-ba-ás-ši “the coming of the king is imminent”; Imp. 2.Sg.m.: 1:11 al-kam-ma “come”; 213:8 [k]ap-du al-˹ka˺; 2.Pl.m.: 204”14 a-na pa-ni-iá al-ka-nu “come (Pl.) before me”; Prec. 1.Sg.m.: 108:23 ṭè-˹e-mu˺ šá en-iá lu-uš-me-ma lu-ul-li-ku “let me hear of my lord’s instructions so I can go”; 3.Sg.m.: 125:41 lúdumu šip-ri-ka lil-likám-ma “your messenger should come”; 127:30 ˹lú˺a.kin-ri šá en-ia a-na igi PN ˹lil-li-ka˺; 27:27 ḫa-an-ṭiš PN ˹lil˺-li-ku “PN should come quickly”; 3.Pl.m.: 172:39 a-[na] ˹igi*˺-ia lil-lik-ku-ú-nu; 38:24 al-la it-ti-iá lil-li-ku “rather they should come with me” 2. “go (away), leave, travel”: Pres. 2, 3.Sg.m.: 24:23, 24 pa-ni-šú˺ ul ta-dag-gal taal-lak la il˺-lak “(Should) you be unable to wait for him, for you are leaving, he should not leave”; Perf. 1.Sg.m.: 153:14 at-tal-lak “I left”; 206:6 en-na šá la anše at-ta-lak “I’m traveling now without a donkey”; 3.Sg.m.: 74:13 PN a-na unugki ˹it˺-ta-lak; 154:8 ˹ud.25?.kam˺ it-ta-lak a-di la uṣ-ṣu-ú “the 25th day passed (and) they had not (yet) departed”; Prec. 1.Sg.m.: 54:7 lúa.kin-ka liš-šá-ˀa u lil-lik; 95:6 3 iti˹meš˺ ki-i aq-bak-ka lul-lik “I told you (already) three months (ago that) I should come”; Imp. 2.Sg.m.: 83:11 a-lik; 103:7 it-ti PN a-lik-ma “go with PN” 3. a) + → akī pî: 15:7 mim-ma šá PN i-qab-bu-u a-ki-i pi-i-šú en la il-lak “the lord should not act according to what PN is saying”; 25:17 ˹a-ki* pi-i˺ šá érinmeš la ˹tal˺-la-˹ak˺ “don’t listen to what the men are saying” b) + → ḫarrānu: 11:9 kaskalII lugal a-na ṣal-tú at-ta-lak “I went to battle in service of the king” c) + → ḫuršānu: u ḫur-šá-nu ul al-lik “nor did I go to the river ordeal” d) + → ina dulli: 175:21 ina dul-lum šá 1+en lú al-lak u a-né-eḫ-ḫi-is-ma “I run back and forth (to secure) the work of every single man”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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e) + → ina muḫḫi ṭēm: 153:16 [ina? ug]u? ṭè-em4!(T.:úr)-ka [lil?]-lik-mi “he should g[o accordi]ng to your instructions” f) + → našpartu: 15:21 na-áš-par-ti šá en-iá ana lìb-bi al-lak “I will be at my lord’s service for it” alap gumāḫi see → alpu → gumāḫu alap tapṭīri see → alpu → tapṭīru allā A (< ana lā) Prep.; 1. “more than, beyond, except (for), apart (from)”, 2. + Pr.Suff. allān- (allā + -an), 3. written ana lā (20 ats., 18 let.) 1. a) (11 ats.): 87:17 al-la “apart of”; 90:8, 33; 102:15 al-˹la˺ 2-ta šuk.ḫi.ameš šá še.bar u túg.ḫi.[a ul] ta-ad-di-na--nu “you have [not] given them more than two salaries of barley and garments”; 111:15 al-la* a-na tar-ṣi pa-ni-ku-nu lúen mun.ḫi.a-kunu i-ba-áš-šú-ma “there are none but your allies (here)”; 115:16; 141:8 al-la 10 ma.na kù.babbar PN ul˺ iš-šá-ˀa “PN did not bring (me) more than ten mins of silver”; 157:10; 172:31 al-la šad-da-qad!(T.:gur) u šá-nu-ú šá-nu-ú-nu dul-la a-tar ni-ip-pu-uš; 211:7 ˹al*˺-la*! kù.˹gi˺ “apart from the (other) gold” b) + → kī (2 ats.): 20:13 DN lu ti-i-de ki-i kù.babbar a-tar PN am-ḫu-ru al-la ki-i [ma]-ṭu-ú “the Lady-of-Uruk knows that I did not receive (from) PN a surplus of silver, rather less”; 102:19 al-la ki-i PN iš-pu-ru-an-na-šú “just as PN wrote us” c) + → ša (3 ats.): 80:5 al-la ˹šá˺ “apart from”; 124:30 me-e šá mam-ma iš-ši al-la šá dgašan šá unugki; 183:10 ˹al˺-la šá 10 ma.na kù.babbar ˹še˺.bar ul a-nam-dak-ka “I won’t give you barley worth more than ten minas of silver” 2. + Pr.Suff.: 117:20 dutu [ki-i] ad-ú-nu u en[meš-nu] al--nu-uk i-ba-áš-šú-ú “by Šamaš, we have neither fathers nor lords but you!” 3. (3 ats.): 175:8, 9 lúérinme ru-qu-tu a-na la itimeš ip-pu-uš-ú-ma u qer-bu-tu a-na la ud.15.kam-a-ta ip-˹pu˺-uš-ú-ma “the “remote” men only work for one month-periods, and the “close-by” (ones) work only for fifteen day-periods”; 178:11 ˹a˺-na la 3 lúérinme “only three workers (were sent)” allā B interj.; “moreover, rather” (3 ats.) a) (2 ats.): 30:18 al-la ki-i ina érinmeš pi-tin-nu-tu érinmeš-i-ni gab-bi ˹šá˺ a-kan-na iḫ-te-liq “what’s more, every single one of our strong workers here has escaped”; 38:23 al-la it-ti-iá lil-li-ku “rather they should come with me” b) written ana lā (1 let.)?: 81:34 a-na la 1 kù.babbar “not more than one (mina) of silver” (broken context) allāku noun; “emissary” 192:18’ ˹a˺-k[i-i i]š-mu-ma mam-ma ˹al-la-ku šu˺-pur-ru “since he heard of it, you should send an emissary” allānu noun; “oak” 19:21 al-la-nu-uš-šú ba!-nu-ú “his fine oak” alpu noun; 1. “ox”, 2. “gumāḫu-ox”, 3. daṣiratu-ox(?) (54 ats., 23 let.) 1. (49 ats., 20 let.): 72:16 gu4meš; 78:29 gu4; 81:28 gu4meš-šu; 97:18, 19, 27; 98:7, 9, 20, 31; 105:10, 13, 16, 24; 122:17, 20; 126:6, 19, 22, 23, 28; 126:20 gu 4.˹níta˺meš; 130:4, 10, 12, 13, 15; 134:11 gu 4meš; 134:19 gu4meš tap-ṭi--šu-nu “their castrated oxen”; 143:4; 145:16, 20, 23; 155:18, 22; 156:19, 20, 25; 164:12; 172:43; 181:21; 184:7, 11, 28, 30; 195:24; 208:7, 19’ 2. (3 ats., 2 let.): 137:9 gu4.m[aḫ*]; 153:3, 11 gu4.˹maḫ˺.ḫi.a “gumāḫu-oxen” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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Glossary 3. (2 ats., 1 let.): 180:12, 16 gu4 da-ṣir-a-tú “daṣiratu-ox”

ālu noun; “city, village” (7 ats.) 28:9 še.bar a4 i-na 20 urumeš it-tan!-na-áš “he delivered the barley in question from 20 villages”; 78:13 uru-nime “villages”; 29:9 PN udu.níta šá uru u eden ˹li˺-mur “PN should inspect the sheep in the city and in the countryside”; 161:10, 25 uru šá še.bar “village with barley”; 194:9 šu-lum ina uru é.kur u é šá en-iá šá-kin; 194:26 uru; 195:7 šu-lum ina uru é.kur u é šá en-iá šá-kin “all is well in the city, the temple and in the lord’s house” alu(?) → unclear amāru verb; 1. “see, meet, find” 2. “inspect”, 3. “see after” (51 ats., 46 let.); see also → amur 1. a) “see” (3 ats.): Pret. 1.Sg.m. Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 147:25 mim-[ma] šá ši-lu-tu ina lìb-bi la a-mar “let me not see any negligence in the matter”; 3.Sg.m.: 29:7 en ki-i i-muru lìb-ba-ka ik-ta-ba-ab-ka “the lord saw it and your heart scorched”; Prec. 3.Pl.m. + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 208:26’ lúérinmeš it-ti-iá li-mu-ru-uš “the men should see it with me” b) + → šipirtu → ṭuppu (17 ats.): Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 101:7 am-me-ni ul-tu iti.še ši-pirta!(T.:ra)-ka ul a-mur “why have I not seen your report since Addāru?”; 111:24 gab-ri šipir-ti-iá la a-mur “I have not seen (any) reply”; 1.Pl.m.: 178:32 a[m-mi-n]i ši-pir-ti nišpur-ra-niš-šum-ma gaba.ri ši-pir-ti-ni la ni-mur-ma “why have we not seen a reply to our message?”; Pret. 2.Sg.m.: Ap.A:10 u4-[mu] im ta-mu-ru “the (very) day you see the letter”; 2.Pl.m.: 63:8 u4-mu ṭup-pi ta-mu-ra “the (very) day you see the letter”; Prec. 1.Sg.m.: 44:17 ši-pir-ta-ka ina ugu lu-mur “I would like to see your letter about it”; 163:19 ši-pir-ti šá en-iá lu-mur-ma lu-ub-luṭ “let me see a message from my lord so that I may feel at ease”; 202:23 gab-ri ši-pir-ti šá šešme-e-a lu-mur “let me see my brothers’ reply” c) people (8 ats.): Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 172:10 mam-ma ina lìb-bi-šú-nu ul a-mur “I didn’t see either of them”; + 2.Sg.m. Suff.: 150:25 ul a-mur-ka-ma a-qab-bak-ka “I didn’t (even have the chance to) meet you and talk with you”; +3.Pl.m. Suff.: 67:6 a-mur-šú-nu-tu; 1.Pl.m.: 156:51 igi-ka ul ni-mu-ur; 3.Sg.m.: 194:12 u4-mu šá lúa.kin i-ru-[bu-ma] en la imu-ru; Inf.: 112:24 ki ma-de-e dingirme a-na tin zimeš u a-mar pa-ni šá en-iá uṣ-ṣal-la “how much did I pray to the gods for the prosperity of our lord and to see (him face to) face”; Prec. 1.Sg.m.: 115:18 lúa.kin šá ˹en-iá˺ l[u-mu]r; 170:20 ḫa-an-ṭiš lúdumu šip-ri ˹šá en-iá˺ lu-mur “let me quickly see my lord’s messenger” d) “see, find” (4 ats.): 72:10, 11 ki-i it-˹ti qa-an-nu ṣa-bi-ti˺ la ta-ta-mar-šú ina gi šad-du a-mur-šú “if you don’t find it with the gazelle-horns, look for it in the reed-box”; 99:26 dutu ki-i a-kan-na la ú-ba-ˀa-u a-mur-ra “by Šamaš, I have looked for (it) here (but) I (did not) see (it)”; 125:24 ka-lu-ú a-na muḫ-ḫi-ku-nu u[l] a-mur 2. “inspect” (10 ats.): Pret. 3.Sg.m.: 195:13 ul-tu ugu šá lúsanga sip-parki en i-muru a-di-i ugu šá en-na “since the chief priest of Sippar, the lord, inspected it until now”; Pres. 3.Sg.m.: 10:15 im-˹ma!-ru˺-[m] “he will examine”; 58:25 [lú] en.˹nun*˺-tú am˹mar*˺ “I will inspect the guards”; Perf. 1.Sg.m.: 137:7 a-na muḫ-ḫi mim-ma ma-la tašpu-ra a-ta-mar “I have looked into everything about which you have written to me”; 174:23 lúumbisag é i-ta-mar; Prec. 1.Sg.m. +3.Sg.m. Suff.: 6:14 ˹lu?˺-mu-˹ur?-šú; 3.Sg.m.: 125:41 lúdumu šip-ri-ka lil-li-kám-ma li-mur mi-nu-ú ina lìb-bi i-pu-šu-ˀu; 129:10, 19 limur; 191:13 šaq-qa-a-ta en li-mur “the lord should inspect the sacks” 3. “see after” (9 ats.): Pres. 1.Sg.m.: 122:8 mim-ma šá igi-ka* ina lìb-bi la am-mar “I am not to take care of anything which is your responsibility”; + 2.Sg.m. Suff.: 103:10 ina a-ga-a am-mar-ka; + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 43:30 ˹mam˺-[ma šá en.nun]-˹ta-a˺ i-˹nam-ṣar˺ru ina ˹lìb˺-bi a-ga-a am-mar-šú; 2.Pl.m. + 3.Sg.m. Suff.: 75:20 d+ag ki-i a-di dul-lu a˹ga˺-a ˹ta-am-mar-šú˺ [it]i.sig4 iq-ta-at-t[a] “by Nabû, you will see to the completion of this work before the month of Simānu ends”; Prec.: 4:29 [li-sa]d-dir-˹ma˺ li-mur-šú; © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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149:17 šeš-ú-a lu-sad-dir-ma li-mur-šú-nu-tu “may my brother take care (of it), and look after them”; Imp.: 45:13 le-ˀe-e-ma ra-man-ka ina lìb-bi a-mur “make an effort and see to it (yourself)”; 120:30 [su]-ud-dir-ma PN a-mur; 173:28 su-ud-dir-ma a-mur-šú “take care and look out for him” amātu noun; 1. “word, order”, 2. “words”, 3. “report” (21 ats., 18 let.) 1. a) + → šarru (11 ats.): 61:1 (F.Ad.) a-mat lugal; 62:1 (F.Ad.); 63:1 (F.Ad.); [65:1 (F.Ad.)]; 66:1 (F.Ad.); 7:26 a-mat lugal; 56:27; 67:18, 21; 76:17; 85:29; 114:19 b) + DN: 56:27 a-mat dgašan šá unugki “word of the Lady-of-Uruk” c) 16:11 kin-ti a-mat šá en-iá lu-uš-me-ma ˹lu˺-ub-luṭ “let me hear the message (with) my lord’s words so that I may feel at ease” 2. (7 ats.): 16:7 ina 1+et a-ma[t en-iá] a-bal-luṭ “(just) one word of [my lord] will revive me”; 33:12 ˹ḫi-šiḫ-tú˺ a-ki-i ˹a-mat-ka˺ “(whatever was) needed according to your words”; 59:19 mi-nu-ú ṭè-en-ku-nu u a-mat-ku-nu šá i-ba-áš-šu-ú šup-ra-nu “write (to me) what news or words you (might) have”; 69:6 a-mat šá taq-bi-an-na-ši “(regarding) what you have told us”;152:5 a-mat šá ina igi PN a-na en-iá aq-bu-ú ina ugu en it-taz-ziz “the lord stood by what I said to him in the presence of PN”; 158:6 a-mat bi-ˀi-˹il-ti˺ ina pi-i-šu i-ba-áš-šú-ú “these are vicious words coming out of his mouth”; 158:10 a-mat šá a-na tiik-ki-[ia] id-du-ú “what is being thrown at me” 3. “report”: 14:8 a-di la a-na ad-bu-tu ú-ba-ˀa-ka en-na a-mat mál-le-e-ti i-na dinimeš ta-al-tap-ra “I did not even look for your fatherly guidance, and yet you have now (already) sent me the full report about the lawsuits” amēlu noun; “man, (some) man, (each) man” a) “man” (7 ats.): 23:8 lú lem-nu-˹ti˺ “corrupt men”; 30:16 ˹1˺-en a-me-lu a-na u4mu 1 me 10 sig4 “110 bricks for a man per day”; 35:9 1+en lú mu-de-e kaskal it-ti-šú šešmešiá liš-pur-ˀu; 115:12 12 lú ina ugu dul-lu ú-šu-˹uz˺-[zu-uˀ] “12 men are assigned for the work”; 127:21; 175:21 ina dul-lum šá 1+en lú al-lak u a-né-eḫ-ḫi-is-ma; 210:21’ lú šá kaa-du ina ká id dutu “the men of the Bāb-Nār-Šamaš outpost” b) “(some) man” (2 ats.): 98:19 lú ˹i˺-qab-bi!-ka “someone told you”; 201:14 ur5.ra šá gibu-ra-né-e 1+en lú ina ku-tal-li-ka is-si-ir “someone else will extract the interest for the reed mats in your place” c) “(each) man”: 125:11 lúši-ra-ku a-na ˹lìb˺-bi ki-i ú-ri-du-ˀu ina bi-ri-šú-[nu] lú 1 me qaq-qar za-aq!(T.:ap)-pa!(T.:qa) ú-za-mi-z[u]-ˀu “the serfs came down to the (fields) and divided 100 (plots) of planted land among themselves, (one plot) each” d) + GN “man of/from GN” (3 ats., 2 let.): 31:19 ukkin* šá* lú*din-nu-ú-ru “consul of Dinnuru”; 177:18 lú pi-qu-du “Piqūdean(s)”; 177:19 lú kur tam-tì “Sealander(s)” amīlu → amēlu amīlūtu noun; “slave” (2 ats.) 11:19 lúa-me-lut-tu4 “slaves”; 185:13 lúa-me-lu-túmeš ši-i-ni!(T.:e) ter-am-ma in-naáš-šú “get those slaves back, and give them to him” ammatu noun; (length measure ≈ 50 cm) “cubit” (3 ats., 2 let.) 115:6, 7 d+ag ki-i 2 me 60-šu 5 ina 1 kùš meš-ḫi ina muḫ-ḫi-ni la na-as-ku 25 ammeš mat “by Nabû, we were assigned with a tract of 265 cubits, 25 cubits …”; 148:7 1 me 51 ina 1 kùš [mi-i]š-ḫu “a tract of 151 cubits”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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ammēni (< ana mīnî) Int.Adv.; “why, how come” (13 ats.), see also → mīnâ 4:10 am-me-ni it-ti enmeš ḫi-˹ṭu an-ni˺- “how come the lord counts us among the enemies?”; 13:18 am-me-ni-i ki-i qaq-qar a-nam-dak-ku-nu-šú “why should I give you this land?”; 38:4 am-me-ni le-˹et-ku-nu˺ ta-ad-da-a ina ugu ˹kaskalII-iá˺ sa-ma-tu-nu “why have you (pl.) been careless and hampered my journey?”; 77:30 ˹am˺-mi-˹ni˺-i ˹ki-i˺ zú.lum.ma bé-šu-˹tu tu˺-še-eb-bi-la “how come you delivered bad dates to me?”; 82:26 am-˹me-ni4 te4-em4 šá anše˺ mar-ṣu la ta--pu-˹ra˺-an-ni “why have you not sent to me a report about the sick donkey?”; 101:5 am-me-ni ul-tu iti.še ši-pir-ta!(T.:ra)-ka ul a-mur; 111:19 am-me-; 120:20 am-me-ni; 118:4 am-me-ni tè-en-ka la-a áš-mu; 154:20 amme˺-ni ṭè-e-mu šá ˹en˺-iá la a-šem-mu; 157:7 am-mi-ni ši-pir-tu4 ul a-mur; 178:29 a[m-min]i ši-pir-ti niš-pur-ra-niš-šum-ma gaba.ri ši-pir-ti-ni la ni-mur-ma “why have we not seen a reply to our message?”; 208:9 ˹am-mi˺-ni-i “why” amtu noun; “slave-girl” 4:20 géme šá en-ia u dumu-šú a-na en-ia al-ta-˹par˺ “I’m sending to my lord his slave-girl and her son” amû noun; “thorn” 13:27 mìn-de-e-ma ta-qab-bi um-ma qaq-˹qar˺ a-mu-ú šu-ú qaq-qar šá bi-rit ídmeš “you may say, ‘It is a land of thorns,’ (while it is in fact) a land between the canals” amur Conj.; introductory Part.: “as you can see, you will see, see to it, make/be sure, see (for yourself), as you know (112 ats., 76 let.) see also → amāru 2, 3 a) “as you can see” (84 ats., 61 let.): 5:6 a-mur “as you can see”; 24:12 a-mur; 25:6; 32:6 a-mur PN a-na ˹pa˺-ni šešmeš-e-a al-tap-ra “as you can see, I’m sending PN before my brothers”; 41”12 an-na-ku šá ˹en˺? iq-ba-ˀa a-mur na-si-ik “the tin about which the lord had spoken, as you can see, it is deposited”; 56:24, 33; 89:13, 17 [a-kan]-na a-mur ni-ḫe-le-eq “we are, as you can see, perishing here”; 162:26 a-mur “you can check for yourself”; 164:10; 165:5; 171:15; 174:29; 176:17; 178:5; 178:20 a-mur “as you know”; 182:9 šá en iš-pu-ra a-[mur?] ú-šu-uz-[za-ku] “regarding what my lord wrote, as [you can see], I’m posted (here)” b) “you will see” (18 ats., 16 lett.): 39:13 a-mur a-na-ku al-la-ka “you will see, I will come personally”; 71:20; 72:3; 99:22; 127:26, 33 a-mur; 180:28 ki-i ia-a-nu-u a-mur! a-na é.gal a-{x}šap-par “otherwise You will see, I will write to the palace (about it)” c) “see to it, make/be sure” (5 ats.): 76:27 a-mur; 83:12; 123:26 [a?]-˹mur?˺ še.bar šá PN [ina] ugu ídGN i-nam-dak-ka mu-šuḫ-ma “see to it (yourself); measure the barley that PN will give you on the GN-canal”; 183:12 a-mur kušḫi-in-du i-ši “make sure to take the leather pouch”; 187:15 a-mur it-ti-iá u-ra-du “be sure that he will come down with me” d) “see (for yourself) (2 ats.): 124:26 a-mur; 195:22 a-mur PN en li-šá-al “see (for yourself); the lord can ask PN” e) + → enna (3 ats.): 125:9 en-na a-mur “now, as you can see”; 148:25; 177:24 enna a-mur ana Prep.; 1. “to, for” (of space), 2. “for, at, by” (of time), 3. “for, to” (of purpose), 4. “for” (in favour of, for the sake of), 5. “against”, 6. “for” (in return for, equivalent of/to), 7. as Acc., 8. “regarding”, 9. in the formal address; for ana lā → allā 1. a) + verbs of motion (mostly with → alāku): 91:5; 112:10; 117:13; 155:5; 163:14; 178:9; 183:22 “a-na tin.˹tir˺ki it-ta-lak” b) (bring, send) “to” (mostly with → abāku → abālu → našû → šapāru): 68:14 ana ad-ia al-tap-ru; 19:12; 109:20; 135:19; 193:15; 213:6; Ap.B:11 a-na lúšà.tam šu-purma © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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c) as dative (mostly with → nadānu → šakānu): 2:25 kaskalII a-na gìrII-šú liš-kun; 5:12; 13:13; 47:7; 52:29; 67:5; 69:23; 90:10; 92:15; 94:8; 97:10; 109:15, 23; 124:32; 138:16; 144:18’; 145:12; 165:11; 165:13; 178:21; 204:15; 208:19’ ina sip-parki gu4 a-na PN ú-kal-lam “I will present the ox to PN in Sippar” 2. “for, at, by” (of time) (6 ats.): 64:12 lúuš.kumeš a-na 5.kam šá iti.še lik-šu-du-nu “have the kalû-priests arrive by the fifth of Addāru”; 81:24 a-na qir-bi “soon”; 103:4; 105:19; 130:16; 134:13 a-na ud.7.kam šup-ra-nu “send (them) by the seventh day” 3. a) designating the target/goal: 11:8 kaskalII lugal a-na ṣal-tú at-ta-lak “I went to battle in service of the king”; 86:11’ 126:35; 133:13; 133:18; 141:29; 158:28; 160:23; 184:17; 205:11 a-na paq-da im-nu-ú “designated as a deposit” b) + Inf.: 146:19’ gišga-aṣ-ṣa-a-ta ˹a˺-na ṣa!(T.:šá)-ra-pi; 162:26 a-˹na˺ bu-ˀu-i šá udu.níta at-ta-ṣu “I went out to search for the sheep” 4. a) “for” (in favour of, for the sake of): 9:12 mi-iḫ-ṣu a-na digi.du “woven textiles for Nergal”; 65:12; 89:7; 112:24 ki ma-de-e dingirme a-na tin zimeš u a-mar pa-ni šá en-iá uṣ-ṣal-la “how much did I pray to the gods for the prosperity of our lord and to see (him face to) face” b) in the Gr.F. ūmussu uṣalla ana (34 let.); 71:4; 127:4; 156:4; 209:5 5. “against”: 125:12 a-na dib-bi-šú-nu ki-i ni-id-da-bu-ˀu “we have lodged a claim here against them” 6. “for” (in return for, equivalent of/to): 49:29 [z]ú.lum.ma a-na 1 gur; 56:8 ina ḫi!-˹šiḫ˺-šú ina muḫ-ḫi 3*-tameš ina lìb-bi a-na 9½ gín kù.babbar ˹it˺-ta-din “he sold three of them for his (own) needs for 9½ shekels of silver”; 134:21 a-na kù.babbar mu-ḫu-ranim-ma 7. as Acc. (mostly with → karābu): 32:5 dutu u da-a a-na šešmeš-˹e-a˺ lik-ru-bu “may Šamaš and Aya bless my brothers”; 45:3; 57:4; 122:4; 168:3; 205:4; Ap.B:5 d+ag u d amar.utu a-na šeš-iá lik-ru-bu “may Nabû and Marduk bless my brother” 8. “regarding”: 17:5 a-na anšemeš šá ad-ú-a iš-pu-ra um-ma “regarding the donkeys about which my father wrote”; 150:24; 191:6 a-na zíd.da šá en iš-pu-ra “regarding the flour about which the lord has written” 9. a) ṭuppi PN address (184 ats.): 15:2 [i]m PN1 a-na PN2 ad-ia “letter of PN1 to PN2, my father”; 17:2 “ṭup-pi PN1 a-na PN2 ad-šu”; 26:3; 30:2; 40:2; 76:1; 173:1; 184:2 b) ardu address (11 ats.): ìr-ka PN a-na˺ lúqí-i-pi lú˹šà.tam u lú˺umbisag enmeš-šú “tour servant, PN, to the royal resident, temple administrator, and temple scribe, his lords”; 95:2; 128:2; 24:1 a-na PN1 en-šú ìr-ka PN2 “to PN1, his lord, (from) PN2, your servant”; 57:1 a-na lugal kur kur en-i-ni ìrmeš-ka PN1 PN2 u PN3 “to the king of the lands, our lord, (from) your servants PN1, PN2, and PN3” c) royal formal address (7 ats.): 60:2; 61:2 a-mat lugal a-na PN “word of the king to PN”; 62:2; 63:2; 64:2; 65:[2]; 66:2 d) a-na PN1 um-ma-a a-˹na˺ PN2 šeš-kam-ma “to PN1, (thus says) PN2, your brother” ana dāriš Adv.; “everlasting” (4 ats.), all in Gr.F. 22:6 (Gr.F.) dgašan šá unugki u dna-na-a šu-lum u tin šá ad-iá a-na da-ri-šú liq˹ba˺-[a]ˀ “may the Lady-of-Uruk and Nanāya decree my father’s everlasting well-being and vigour”; 117:5 (Gr.F.) a-na da-riš liq-ba-a4; 125:4 (Gr.F.) a-na da-riš liq-ba-a4; 144:5 (Gr.F.) d15 u dna-na-a šu-lum u tin šá en-iá a-na da-riš liq-ba-a4 “may Ištar and Nanāya decree my lord’s everlasting well-being and vigour” ana kapdu → kapdu

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ana kūm A Prep.; “instead of, in place of” (4 ats.), see also → kūm A 10:17 a-kan-na a-na ku-um a-na ˹ba? an?˺ lid-din “give (it) here instead of the …”; 24:18 a-na ku-um PN a-˹bu-uk˺-šú “send him in place of PN”; 115:11 a-na ku-um ad-˹daak?˺-ku “I wish to give you in its place”; 130:9 a-na ku-um šá šad-da-qad baṭ-la “in lieu of last year’s interruption” ana kūm B Adv.; “for this, because of, in lieu” (6 ats.), see also → kūm B 39:22 a-na ku-um mu dingir šu-ú šá ú-še-lu-ú “it is on account of the oath to the god which they have sworn”; 16:19 a-na-ku a-na ku-mu udusiskurmeš a-nam-dak-ka “I will personally compensate you for the sacrificial sheep”; 102:8 ma-ši-il šá a-na ku-ú-˹mu˺ riqu-ti u muš-ki-nu-˹ti˺ it-ti érinmeš a-ga-a-šú-nu te-eq-ti id-bu-bu; 113:32 a-na ku-mu šá pani šá míPN bi-iš-šu ki-i ˹ṭè˺-en lem-ni la iḫ-ru-ṣu˺; 114:24 a-na ku-mu kù.babbar-ia šám anše* šá* ina* igi*-šú ak-te-liš; 130:11 a-na ku-˹um˺ áš-pu-rak-ku-nu-šú “for that I sent him to you” ana lā → allā ana libbi Adv.; “at, due to, by, there” (10 ats., 8 let.) 68:25 ma-la ḫaš-ḫa-a-ta a-na lìb-bi a-na ad-ia a-nam-din “I will give to my father whatever he needs”; 70:30 a-na lìb-bi tal-ta-par-an-ni; 125:9 lúši-ra-ku a-na ˹lìb˺-bi ki-i ú-ri-du-ˀu; 134:10 gišmámeš šá áš-pu-rak-ku-nu-ši ḫa-an-ṭiš še.bar pe-ṣi-tu4 a-na lìb-bi šula-a “load the boats, which I sent to you, with white barley”; 139:9 gišmá ši-i gal-˹tú ul-tu˺ tin.tirki [k]i-i tak-šu-du še.bar [a]-na lìb-bi ul-te-e-la; dib-bi-ia bé-šu-tu a-na PN1 a-šú šá PN2 ki-i i-di-bu-ub PN3 di-i-nu šá zimeš ana lìb-bi-iá i-dab-bu-ub “since he accused me in front of PN1/PN2, PN3 will charge me with a capital crime”; 171:14, 21, [26]; 193:22 pani šá en-ia a-na lìb-bi-ia bi-i-šu-ˀu “(why) does my lord’s face frown at me?” ana mīnî → mīnâ ana muḫḫi A Prep.; 1. “with regard to, because of”, 2. “for the sake” (usually with → ṣullû; see also → ina libbi A), 3. “in charge of, at the disposal of”, 4. instead of other Prep. 1. “with regard to, because of” (119 ats., 53 let.): 23:7 a-na ˹muḫ-ḫi˺ lú lem-nu-˹ti˺ “regarding the corrupt men”; 35:6 PN a-na muḫ-ḫi gišši-be-šu-ú a-na kur tam-tì al-tap-par; 44:5; 45:5, 20; 61:6, 10; 92:4 a-na muḫ-ḫi gišmámeš šá lúšà.tam iš-pu-rak-ka la ta-šel-li; 98:20, 30; 188:9; 191:25 a-na ugu an.bar; 193:3, 19; 195:3, 16, 23; 200:4 a-na ugu ˹é dul?li-ka˺ “regarding your workshop”; Ap.A:6 a-na ugu en.nun-tú šá é ˹la˺ ta-šel-lu 2. “for the sake” (11 ats.): 8:35 a-na muḫ-ḫi-ku-nu ú-ṣal-la “I am (personally) praying for you”; 22:26 dingirmeš a-na muḫ-ḫi-ia ˹en˺ lu-uṣ-ṣe-li “may the lord pray for me to the gods”; 51:7 ḫur-ḫu-re-e-tú a-na ku-tal-l[a] a-[n]a ugu-iá la tu-ta-ri ina ig[i-ka] “don’t divert the red dye, (which is set) aside for me, for an alternative (buyer) you (might) have”; 60:18; 61:23; 73:19; 94:23; 106:27; (separate lines): 142:20f. [u4-mu]-us-su dgašan šá unugki [u] dna-na-a a-na muḫ-ḫi lúšà.tam en-lí-ia nu-ṣal-li “daily, we pray to the Ladyof-Uruk and Nanāya for the temple administrator, our lord”; 150:7; 172:21(?) [a]-na muḫḫi lit-ta-šú “(barley)? for his cow” 3. “in charge of, at the disposal of” (9 ats., 8 let.): 89:29 a-mat lugal ina muḫ-˹ḫi˺ka; 120:15 [a]-na ˹ugu*˺-šú “he is (responsible) for it”; 121:9; 125:24 ka-lu-ú a-na muḫḫi-ku-nu u[l] a-mur “I didn’t see (any) marshy land at your disposal”; 158:17; 173:7; 181:7, 10; Ap.B: 7 lugal a-na ugu lúérinmeš-šú ul-te-ziz; Ap.B:24 a-na muḫ-ḫi ip-te-qid “he entrusted (you) to the matter” 4. instead of → ina muḫḫi(?): 207:11 ana muḫ-ḫi-šú [š]á-ṭi-ir “recorded as his debt”; instead of → ana/ina pān: 177:15 giškiri6meš a-na GN a-na muḫ-ḫi-iá it-tal-ku-nu “the gardeners came to me in GN” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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ana muḫḫi B Adv.; 1. “due to, thereupon, at”, 2. “about it” 1. (3 ats.): 93:23 a-na ugu mu-šá-ni-ti a-na igi-ia lil-li!-ku!; 115:22 a-na ugu mi-ṭitu la ra-aḫ-˹ṣa˺-[ku] “I am devastated due to the shortage”; 169:2 ˹a˺-na ugu ˹šuk?.ḫi?.a?˺ 2. (8 ats.): 36:5 a-na muḫ-ḫi dib-bi šá taš-pu-ra al-te-me “I have heard the words you have written”; 42:4 a-na muḫ-ḫi dib-bi šá taš-˹pur-ra˺ al-te-mu; 85:20 lugal a-na ˹muḫ˺-[ḫi] i-šem-mu-ú “the king will hear about it”; 90:23 a-na lugal a-na muḫ-ḫi-ka ašap-par; 125:41 ana muḫ-ḫi id-da-˹bu˺-ˀu “(PNs) talk about it”; 156:49; 187:11; 192:16’ en i-de šá lugal a-na ugu iš-mu-[u] “the lord knows that the king heard of this” ana pān Prep.; 1. “to, in front of”, 2. “in front of”, 3. “against”, 4. instead of → ana muḫḫi A 1. “to, in front of” (46 ats., 38 let.): 5:9 ana igi ad-ia it-tal-ku-nu “(PNs) are coming to my father”; 7:21 a-na pa-ni be-lí-iá al-tap-ra; 11:12, 14; 21:15 a-di 2 lúkur.gar.rameš úšar-šad-du-ú-ma a-˹na˺ pa-ni lugal i-˹šap˺-pa-ru-ni nu-bat-ti la i-bé-et “he should not tarry until he equips two kurgarrûs and sends (them) to me for the king”; 21:18 a-˹na˺ pani lugal i-˹šap˺-pa-ru-ni; 83:13 a-na igi lúumbisag é.gal e-ru-ub “go (with him) to the palace scribe”; 93:24; 94:35; 97:14, 29; 105:13; 106:14; 126:28 šá la gu4meš a-na pa-ni-iá la i-né-eḫ-ḫi-is “he must not come back to me without an ox”; 141:27 kap-da a-na pa-ni lú ˹šà.tam? liš-ši˺; 145:21 a-na ˹igi en-i-ni tal-lak˺-ku; 147:7 a-na pa-ni šeš-ia al-tap-ra; 151:17 ši-pir-tu4 ana pa-ni PN tal-lik-kám-am-ma “a letter should be sent to PN”; 152:15, 20; 178:14 lúgal 10meš šá a-na pa˺-ni-ku-nu il-l[i-ku]; 181:12; 182:7; 184:19, (in separated lines) 31f.; 204:13 a-na pa-ni-iá al-ka-nu; 204:25 ina še-ri a-na pa-ni be-lí-ia ni-il-la-ka “(we) will come to my lord by morning” 2. “in front of” (3 ats.): 12:10 ˹ana˺ pa-an en-ia la i-ba-[a-ta] “they shall not tarry at my lord’s”; 111:10 ši-pir-ta-ku-nu a-na pa-ni-ia lu-ú kun-na-˹at˺ “I should have your letter in front of me”; 161:21 še.bar-ku-nu šá a-na pa-ni-iá; 61:23 še.bar šá a-na pa-ni˹ku-nu˺ “barley which is near you” 3. “against”: 163:6 ˹piš-ki˺ a-na pa-˹ni-ia˺ ki- ˹il˺-la-˹ˀa˺ ul-tu ˹unug˺ki at-ta-ṣaˀa “I left Uruk as soon as unjust claims were brought against me” 4. instead of → ana muḫḫi A (2 ats.): 77:23 ki-i ana igi dul-la-ti-ka ˹mim˺-ma it-ti giš máme la te-ep-pu-uš “if—on account of your (other) work—you cannot work on the boats”; 183:5 a-na pa-ni PN šá be-lí iš-pur-ra-an-ni “regarding PN, of whom the lord has written to me” ana qāt Prep.; “to (custody)” (3 ats.) 25:20 2 gišmáme a-na šuII-iá … ul-te-rib-an-ni “he provided me with two boats”; 125:38 dib-bu ú-ì[l-tì š]á? ana šuII*?-ni*°? te-li “the wording of any (pertinent) document that falls into our hands”; 164:22 a-na šuII* mam*-ma* la* [t]a*-n[am*-din] “do not give it to anyone (else)” ana tarṣi Prep.; “extant” (of time, space) (2 ats.) 57:21 a-na tar-ṣi ˹pa-ni˺ šá lugal “during the (reign of the) king”; 111:16 al-la* ana tar-ṣi pa-ni-ku-nu lúen mun.ḫi.a-ku-nu i-ba-áš-šú-ma “there are none but your allies (here)” ana tikki Prep.; “at (someone)” 158:10 a-mat šá a-na ti-ik-ki-[ia] id-du-ú “what is being thrown at me” ana ūm ṣâti Adv.; “forever” 112:9 (Gr.F.) d+en.líl u dnin.líl šùl-mu ṭu-ub šà dùg-ub uzu u tin zimeš šá en-i-ni ana u4-mu ṣa-a-ti liq-bu-ú “may Enlil and Ninlil decree our lord's well-being, happiness, health and prosperity forever”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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anāku Ps.Pron.; “I” (often as affirmative “I, personally”) (40 ats., 32 let.) 1:12 a-na-ku a-kan-ni mim-ma ma-la-˹a˺ ṣe-ba-tu lud-dak-ka “I’ll personally give you here whatever you need”; 1:19 ma a-na-ku lu-še-bi-la-[áš]-šú “I’ll deliver it to him myself”; 2:26, 27; 7:33; 8:34; 17:8, 9; 25:6 ina urua-kà-dèki ana*-ku* “I am (already) in Akkad”; 30:5, 27; 39:13, 16; 46:15, 19; 52:25, 27; 58:15; 74:21; 75:9; 78:9; 79:8; 81:13; 89:21; 98: 29; 106:20; 116:15; 117:15; 125:18 ana-ku; 128:18; 132:15 a-na-ka; 150:9; 155:31, 32; 160:20; 163:17 lúìr-ka a-na-ka; 172:35; 174:35; 188:8 a-na-ku; 189:23 2 ṣa-bi a-na-ku al-tap-par-ka “I am personally sending you two men” anīni Ps.Pron.; “we, us, to us” (11 ats., 7 let.), see also → nīni 4:9 a-kan-na a-ni-ni “we (were) here”; 4:11 am-me-ni it-ti enmeš ḫi-˹ṭu an-ni˺- ˹en i-ma˺-[an-ni] “how come the lord counts us among the enemies?”; 70:32; 89:14; 125:12, 26, 31, 46 a-ni-ni; 162:22 a-ni-ni a-kan-˹na˺ “we are here”; 166:42 a-ni-ni ul iddin-na-a-šú “he didn’t pay it to us”; 179:14 a-ni-ni “we” annaku noun; “tin” 41:11 an-na-ku šá ˹en˺? iq-ba-ˀa a-mur na-si-ik “the tin about which the lord had spoken, as you can see, it is deposited” annītu Dem.Pron.; “this, these” (2 ats.) 5:18 an-nit-ti lu-ú i-da-a-tú “let it hereby be known”; 71:25 an-ni-tú (broken context) annû → annītu apālu verb; “compensate” 84:31 uš-ku-ú re-eḫ-tú [a?-pu?]-˹ul?˺ “later, compensate for the rest (of it)” appatu → mukīl appati appu noun; “nose”, only in idiomatic use ana appi šūṣû “go beyond” (lit. “to make go out of the nose”): 70:9 a-na ap-pi šuṣa-ˀa “go even beyond (what you have done already)” arad ekalli noun; “master-builder” (3 ats., 2 let.) 71:19, 26 lúìr é.gal; 166:22 lúìr é.gal “master-builder” arādu verb; 1. “come down”, 2. šūrudu “send down” 1. (2 ats.): 125:10 lúši-ra-ku a-na ˹lìb˺-bi ki-i ú-ri-du-ˀu ina bi-ri-šú-[nu] lú 1 me qaq-qar za-aq!(T.:ap)-pa!(T.:qa) ú-za-mi-z[u]-ˀu “the serfs came down to the (fields) and divided 100 (plots) of planted land among themselves, (one plot) each”; 187:15 a-mur itti-iá u-ra-du “be sure that he will come down with me” 2. šūrudu: 85:11, 25 šur-rid-da-an-ni “send down” arbāya (gentilic) Adj.; “Arab” 159:21 kù.babbar i-šam-ma a-na PN lúar-ba-a-a i-din “get the silver and give it to PN, the Arab” ardu noun; “servant, slave” (as an hierarchical rather than a legal definition) a) in F.Ad (12 ats.): 24:2 a-na PN1 en-šú ìr-ka PN2 “to PN1, his lord, (from) PN2, your servant”; 31:1 ìr-ka PN a-na˺ lúqí-i-pi lú˹šà.tam u lú˺umbisag enmeš-šú “your servant, PN, to the royal resident, temple administrator, and temple scribe, his lords”; 57:2 a-na © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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lugal kur kur en-i-ni ìrmeš-ka PN1 PN2 u PN3 “to the king of the lands, our lord, (from) your servants PN1, PN2, and PN3”; 95:1 ìr-ka; 128:1; 163:1 ìr-ka PN; 166:1; 174:1 lúìr-ka PN; 182:1; 197:1; 209:2 [a]-na lútil.la.[gíd.da] [e]n-i[a] ìr-ka PN; 210:2 a-na lúqí-i-pi en-iá ìrka PN “to the royal resident, my lord, (from) your servant PN” b) in the body of the letter (6 ats., 5 let.): 7:9 PN1 a-šú šá PN2 lúku-ta-al lúunugki-aa ìr PN3 “PN1/ PN2—an Urukean member of the reserve, a servant of PN3”; 7:33 i-di šá ìrka a-na-ku! “know that I am your servant”; 50:7 ìrmeš-ka; 89:21, 22, 24 lúìrmeš; 152:26, 27 ina ugu PN šá a-ki-i da ìr la ia-˹tu˺ ìr-ka šu-˹ú˺; 163:17 lúìr-ka a-na-ka “I am your servant” argammanu noun; “red-wool” 5:22 síg.sag “red-wool” arḫānû Adv.; “unripe, fresh” (of dates) 135:11 1 me gur° zú.lum.ma ar!(T.:ši)-ḫa-a-nu-u “100 kurrus of fresh dates” arḫu noun; “month” (7 ats.) 16:3 itimeš ˹u4-mumeš a-ga-a mar-ṣa-ku-ma˺ “these (last) months and days I was sick”; 95:5 iti˹meš˺; 99:10 ḫu-bul-lu4 šá 2 itimeš; 100:22 itimeš a-ga-a-˹tú˺?; 141:19 1 iti ina lìb-bi it-˹ta˺-ši-iz-ˀu “they held out with this for a month” 175: 8, 13 itimeš; 184:29 3 itimeš a-ga-a gu4meš-šú a-ta-bak “it is three months that I took his oxen” arku → ušku aṣû verb; 1. “go away, leave”, 2. šūṣû “send away, release, spend (money)”, for the idiomatic use ana appi šūṣû, see → appu 1. “go away, leave” (6 ats.): 16:4 ˹unug< ki> ul ú-ṣi ˺ “I didn’t leave Uruk”; 141:16 érinme ˹a4˺ ina bu-bu-tu ina šuII-ia it-ta-˹iṣ˺-ˀu “these men are slipping away from me, for they are starving”; 154:9 ˹ud.25?.kam˺ it-ta-lak a-di la uṣ-ṣu-ú; 162:29 a-˹na˺ bu-ˀu-i šá udu.níta at-ta-ṣu; 163:8 ˹piš-ki˺ a-na pa-˹ni-ia˺ ki- ˹il˺-la-˹ˀa˺ ul-tu ˹unug˺ki at-ta-ṣa-ˀa “I left Uruk as soon as unjust claims were brought against me”; 190:6’ ˹lu˺-ṣu-nu (broken context) 2. “send away, release, spend (money) (5 ats., 4 let.): 31:8 ina pe-tu ká šá ˹unugki˺ dumu PN ul-tu lìb-bi ul-tu-ṣi “It is he who sent out PN’s son at the opening of the Urukgate”; 34:13 šuk.ḫi.a-su šá ka-la-a-˹tu4˺ šu-ṣa-nim-ma “release his wages which were withheld”; 132:20 mam-ma ul-˹tu? é?˺ la ú-še-˹ṣi˺; 132:23 a-di-i [muḫ-ḫi/en-na] šá ú-šeṣi-[(ˀi)] kù.babbar a-˹tar?-ri?˺ “up until [now], the silver which I spent was surplus”; 142:13 šú-ṣa-ni (broken context) ašābu verb; 1. “stay (in a place), be assigned”, 2. šūšubu “make (someone) stay” 1. (3 ats.): 1:7 PN1 dumu PN2 a-ḫi šá i-na pa-ni šeš-iá áš-ba “PN1/PN2, my brother, who is staying with my brother”; 132:11 ina é ˹šu˺-ú a-ši-˹ib˺ “he’s assigned to the temple”; 144:17’ ina GN a-ši-bi “he’s placed in GN” 2. (2 ats., 1 let.): 2:9 ina ká.dingirmeš ul-te-ši-ib-šú “placed her in Babylon”; 2:23 kii ma-la id-bu-ub ma-ṣu-ú lu-še-ši!(T. bi)-ib “if he will follow through on his word, she will stay” ašar Conj.; “where” 63:23 a-šar šá šu-ú “wherever it may be”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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ašlaku noun; “fuller” 33:6 lúuš.bar u lúazlag šá taš-pu-ra-nu lu-ba-ri lu ˹ta-ad-na˺-áš-šú-nu-tu4 “you should have given garments to the weaver and fuller which you sent” asnû noun; “Dilmun-dates” (2 ats.) 130:23 as-né-e; 156:21 as-né-e ašša Conj.; “as soon as” 46:18 áš-šá at-te-eḫ-su “as soon as I’m back” aššu Prep.; “concerning” 204:4 áš-šu PN “as for PN” atānu noun; “she-ass” (2 ats., 1 let.) 155:27, 29 anšea-ta-nu atartu → atru atāru verb; “be(come) surplus” (3 ats.) 96:9 še.bar ma-la te-˹et˺-ti-ri pa-ni-iá šu-ud-gi-il “hand over to me all the surplus barley you have hoarded”; 113:23 níg.ka9 ki-i e-pu-uš 1⅚ ma.na kù.babbar ina [ug]u i-tete-er-ra “I settled the account and there was a surpluses of 1⅚ mina of silver”; 132:24 kù.babbar a-˹tar?-ri?˺ atkuppu noun; “reed-worker” 166:14 lúad.kid!meš “reed-workers” atru Adj.; “surplus” (6 ats.) 20:11 DN lu ti-i-de ki-i kù.babbar a-tar PN am-ḫu-ru al-la ki-i [ma]-ṭu-ú “DN knows I did not receive (from) PN surplus of silver, rather less”; 73:32 a-na kù.babbar atar in-na-áš-šu-nu; 122:14 a-tar-ti “surplus”; 136:16 udmeš a-tar-e-ti mam-ma la i-namda-áš-šú “no one should give him additional days”; 172:32 al-la šad-da-qad!(T.:gur) u šánu-ú šá-nu-ú-nu dul-la a-tar ni-ip-pu-uš “we do (everything) on top of the work of last year and two years ago”; 178:17 dul-lu at-ru-[ti?] i-ba-áš-šu-u “there’s (still) work left” attā Ps.Pron.; “you” Sg.m. (often as affirmative “you, personally”) (25 ats., 20 let.) 4:30 mun.ḫi.a-nu-tú at-ta “you are (my) patron”; 19:15 at-ta; 29:12, 32; 47:16 atta; 48:9; 51:4 ˹at-ta˺ lìb-bu-ú PN la te-pu-uš-an-ni “don’t treat me as (you treat) PN”; 52:25; 67:10; 83:10; 85:22, 34; 89:13, 18, 20; 90:6; 105:19; 157:26, 33; 158:5 at-ta ti-i-de ki-i “you know that”; 159:36; 164:23; 172:46; 184:21 at-ta lu-ú lúdi.kud-a “you should be my judge”; 204:10 ud.9.kam at-ta PN1 PN2 a-na pa-ni-iá al-ka-nu “come before me in the ninth day, you, PN1, (and) PN2” attū- Part.; “belonging to, associated with” (7 ats.) 5:10 ina lìb-bi šá at-tu-ú-a su-ud-dir-ma “take care of them for me”; 43:22 [a]t?˹tu?˺-nu su-ud-dir-ma “you take care of mine”; 73:21 at-tu-nu “ours”; 149:10 ḫa-ru-ú attu-ú-a “my ḫarû”; 157:15 ki-i at-tu-a ˹lìb*˺-bi-ti-iá ˹ma˺-la-a-ta; 172:48 gu4 šá* at*-tu*˹ú*-a* a*?-bu*?˺-[uk?] “the ox, which is mine, get it”; 174:11 a.šà at-tu-ú-a šu-ú “this field is mine”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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attunu Ps.Pron.; 1. “you” Pl.m., 2. “yours” Pl.m. 1. “you” (4 ats.): 30:7 ˹at-tu˺-nu ina ˹ṣi-bu-ut-ti˺-ku-nu la ta-qab-ba-ˀa “you (pl.) may not say, as you wish to”; 74:16 at-tu-nu; 93:16 at-tu-[nu]; 158 at-tu-nu ti-i-da-a4 “you yourself know”; 158:20 at-tu-nu ˹é˺.an.na ta-qab-ba-a4 “you (in) Eanna are saying” 2. “yours”: 194:28 še.bar at-tu-nu “the barley of ours” atūnu → utūnu Ayāru → index: Month names azmarû noun; “iron lances” (3 ats., 2 let.) 86:12 iz-ma-ru-nu an.barme “iron lances”; 148:23 ˹an.bar˺ az-za-ma-ra-˹(ni?)˺-e; 148:28 an.bar ˹az!?˺-za-ma-ra-nimeš azupīrānu noun; “saffron” 52:30 ˹ki-i˺ še.numun a-zu-pi-ra-nu ˹la˺ ti-du-ú “if you don’t know the saffron field”

–B– baˀāšu verb; + → pānu: “be(come) bad, be(come) angry” (12 ats.) Pres. 3.Pl.m.: 98:15 pa-ni-šú-nu [i]-bi-ˀi-˹šu˺ “looking worse and worse”; 120:24 ˹pa˺-ni šá lúqí-i-pi [i-bé]-˹eš-šu˺-ú; 126:32 pa-˹ni˺-ia it-˹ti-ka˺ i-bé-˹ˀe˺-šu; 179:13 pa-ni šá admeš-e-nu la i-bé-ˀe-šu “our fathers should not be angry”; Inf.: 29:6 bé-ˀe-e-šú ˹pa˺-[ni] “slander”; 178:23 bi-ˀi-iš pa-ni-ni iá-a-nu; 199:18’ ba-˹šá?˺-ni; St.: 26:15 pa-ni-ni bi-i-šú “we are upset”; 113:33; 114:6; 193:22 u pa-ni šá en-ia a-na lìb-bi-ia bi-i-šu-ˀu; Ap.B:34 lu-ú ma-a-du pa-ni-šú-nu bi-šu-ˀu “they are furious” babbanû Adj.; “good, desirable, of good quality” (10 ats.) 42:13 kušši-pa-nu šá te-pu-uš lu-ú bab--nu-ú lu-ú ba-nu-ú “the leather-šipānu you make should be good and beautiful”; 46:14 udusiskurmeš bab-ba-né-e-tú i-din “provide good-quality sacrificial sheep”; 68:28 udu.níta bab-ba-nu-ú “fine sheep”; 78:27 áb.niginmeš bab-ba-né-e-ti; 83:8; 135:19; 139:13; 155:30; 165:18 sík.ḫi.a bab-ba-ni-˹ta˺; 195:27 gu4.áb-ka? bab-ba-ni-tu4 “your finest cattle” bābilāya (gentilic) Adj.; “Babylonian” (2 ats.) 25:21 lúdumu tin.tirki; 25:26 dumu lútin.tirki; 133:11 lútin.tirki.meš “Babylonians” bābtu noun; “shortage, loss, balance” (3 ats.) 3:7 ki-i 3 ma.na kù.babbar ba-ab-tú 8 ma.na i-šá-nim-[ma] “get three minas of silver, for the loss of eight minas”; 114:9 ⅓* 4 gín kù.˹babbar ba-ab-ti ˹⅔*˺ ma*.˹na˺* 4 gín la in-˹ḫu-ra-an˺-ni-ma; 168:16 ul-tu eden ba-ab-tu4 šul-lim “pay the balance from what is in the steppe” bābu noun; 1. “gate”, 2. “sector, part”, 3. “office, service” 1. “gate” (7 ats.): 4:28 ká é kil-li-ni “the gate of our prison”; 19:14 ká a-na muḫ-ḫi pe-ḫi; 31:26 tu ká šá ˹unugki˺; 57:6 (Gr.F.) ina bad ká [ù] tur-ru ká “at the opening of gate and at the closing of the gate”; 67:14 ká ta-ra-aḫ; 125:33; 127:22 ˹ká˺ šu-ú-tú “south-gate” 2. “sector, part”: 166:35 1+en ká a-na GI-BI “one section of/for GIBI” 3. “office, service”: 144:13’ ul ká šá en-iá “(is it) not under my lord’s responsibility”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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balāṭu verb; “live, feel at ease, revive”, often as Inf. In Gr.F. “vigour, prosperity” (distinction between balāṭu and bulluṭu in Gr.F. is difficult due to the logographic spelling), see also → bulṭu a) (10 ats., 7 let.): 16:8 ina 1+et a-ma[t en-iá] a-bal-luṭ “(just) one word of [my lord] will revive me”; 16:12 kin-ti a-mat šá en-iá lu-uš-me-ma ˹lu˺-ub-luṭ “let me hear the message (with) my lord’s words so that I may feel at ease”; 112:24 a-na tin zimeš u a-mar pa-ni šá en-iá uṣ-ṣal-la; 112:34 šu-lum šá en-iá [lu]-uš-me-ma lu-ub-luṭ; 115:24 ki-i a-mutu ki-i a-bal-luṭ; 142:29; 154:24; 163:13, 19; 178:32 la ni-ib-luṭ “we could not put our mind to rest” b) Inf. in Gr.F.: “vigour” (following → šulmu) (80 ats.): 4:6 šu-lum u tin “wellbeing and vigour”; 5:5 šú-lum u tin; 19:4; 46:3; 81:4; 91:3; 190:4; 206:4; “prosperity” (+ → napšāti, followed mostly by → arāk ūmi) (32 ats.): 7:5 tin zimeš; 57:8; 142:5f. (separate lines): a-na tin zimeš šá en-iá ú-ṣal-li; 178:4 tin zimeš “prosperity” banû verb; 1. “be good, be well, be of good quality”, 2. + → pānu “agree, be pleased, be benevolent” 1. (7 ats.): 12:19 pa-ni-ši-na ba-na-ˀa “their appearance is improving”; 19:22 al-lanu-uš-šú ba!-nu-ú “(his) fine oak”; 26:22 šu-un-ku-nu lu ba-nu “you are indeed well respected”; 42:14 uš lu-ú bab--nu-ú lu-ú ba-nu-ú; 61:15 ninda.ḫi.a ba-nu-ú; 100:4 d +ag ki-i la ba-nu-ú “by Nabû it is indeed a good thing”; 196:19, 21 é ba-ni-i “the temple well” 2. + → pānu (5 ats., 3 let.): 26:9 ki-i pa-ni-ku-nu ba-nu-ú “if you’ll agree”; 154:5 pa-ni šá lugal it-ti-šú ˹ba-nu˺-ú “the king favours him”; 154:12 ki-i ma-ˀa-de-e pa-ni-šú ba-nu-u dgašan šá unugki u dna-na-a a-na ugu PN ṣu-ul-la-a; 196:9, 31 pa-ni-šú ba-nu-ú “he was content”; 196:23 pa-ni šá gal! lúka-ṣir ina muḫ-ḫi ib-ta-nu-ú “the treasurer was content” barakku noun; “passage” 171:11 ˹é˺ šá ˹il˺-ta-an ˹é ba˺-ra-ak-ka-ni-šú ˹a˺-qa-it-ma “so I can finish the passage of the northern house” bašû verb; 1. “be, exist”, only Pres. and St. 3.Sg./Pl.m., 2. šubšû “cause to be/exist” (7 ats.) 1. (6 ats.): Pres.: 54:5 ḫi-šiḫ--ka šá i-ba-áš-šu-ú šu-ṭur “write (me) what your requirements are”; 78:24 dul-li-ka šá i-ba-áš-šú-ú “the work you have”; 89:8 i-ba-áš-ši-i mam-ma “is there (no) one”; 125:37 gamam-ma-[ru]-ma ina lìb-bi a-lu šá dgašan šá unugki i-ba-áš-šu! “all is complete in the alu-trees of the Lady-of-Uruk”; St.: 29:17 geštugII šá en-iá ˹ba˺?-[šu?-ú? ina]? muḫ-˹ḫi˺-šú-nu “my lord is paying attention to them”; 147:22 ma-la ba-[šu-u] “whatever is available” 2. šubšû: 31:13 ḫi-ṭu a-na ˹muḫ-ḫi-ku-nu˺ la tu-˹šab-šá-ˀa˺ “do not lay guilt upon yourselves” batqu noun; “damage, loss (to work)” (2 ats.) 158:34 bat-qu-šú li-iṣ-bat-ˀu u šú!-bi-la-áš “they should repair its damage (to the seal)”; 191:24 bat-qa šá dul-li-ka ina lìb-bi en li-iṣ-bat “let the lord take care of his work with it” bâtu verb; 1. “stay/tarry overnight” (as prohibitive, mostly with → nubattu), 2. šubûtu “cause to stay the night” 1. a) + → nubattu (15 ats., 14 let.): 21:18 nu-bat-ti la i-bé-et “he will not tarry”; 27:9 PN nu-˹bat-ti˺ la i-ba-a-ta; 37:16; 63:10; 81:26; 86:10; 90:35; 109:14, 22; 118:4; 139:12; 141:24; 175:26; 181:20; Ap.A:11 n[u-bat-ti la] ˹ta-ba˺-a-tú “do not tarry” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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b) without → nubattu (3 ats.): 12:11 ˹ana˺ pa-an en-ia la i-ba-[a-ta] “they shall not tarry at my lord’s”; 122:26 PN šá ib?-ba-ta-˹ˀa al-te-me˺; 162:24 ina muḫ-ḫi-šú la ni-batú “we would not tarry on account of him” 2. šubûtu: 51:16 la-a ú-še-bi-it-ti-šú “I will not have him spend the night” baṭālu verb; “stop, come to an end” (4 ats.) a) of work (3 ats.): 47:15 “dul-la-šú [la] i-baṭ-ṭil”; 50:18 dul-la-šú-nu la i-baṭ-ṭil; 157:19 ˹mi˺-na-a dul-lu ˹i˺-ba-aṭ-ṭil “how come the work is interrupted?” b) to cancel one’s arrival: 129:12 šá-la-nu-uš-šu!(T.:tu4) mam-ma ˹la˺ i-ba!-ṭa-la “no one can be absent without his permission” baṭlu noun; “interruption” 130:10 baṭ-la a-na gu4 šá-kan “the interruption (in the) ox (deliveries)” bēl adê → adû A bēl dabābi → bēlu bēl ḫarrāni → bēlu bēl ḫīṭi → bēlu bēl piqitti → bēlu bēl šutummi → bēlu bēl ṭābti → bēlu bēlu noun; 1. “lord”, 2. in compounds; see also → bīt bēli sub. → bītu 1. a) in Int. (128 ats., 60 let.): 11:3 im PN1 a-na lúšà.tam u a-na PN2 enmeš-šú “letter of PN1 to the temple administrator and PN2, his lords”;12:3 en-šú; 25:5 dgašan šá unugki u d na-na-a šu-lum u tin šá en-ia liq-ba-a4 “may the Lady-of-Uruk and Nanāya decree my lord’s well-being and vigour”; 57:1 a-na lugal kur kur en-i-ni; 67:23; 91:4 en-i-ni; 95:2; 210:7 be-lí-iá b) in the body of the letter (307 ats., 79 let.): 11:17 a-na enmeš-ia al-tap-ra “I am writing to my lords”; 16:10 mam-ma ina pa-ni en-iá la i-par-ri[k]; 57:22 en-˹i˺-ni; 91:14 en-iá; 101:10 en-šú-nu; 133:16 be-lu; 174:30 en-iá; 175:24 lúenmeš-e-iá; 183:6 be-lí; 201:19 en-nu; 204:26 be-lí-ia 2. a) bēl dabābi “enemy, adversary”: 114:31 lúšà.tam a-na lúen da-ba-[bi-ka] la i˹ta*˺-[ar] “do not turn the temple administrator into your enemy” b) bēl ḫarrāni “caravan leader”: 204:23 lúen kaskalII-šú “his caravan leader” c) bēl ḫīṭi “enemy”: 4:11 am-me-ni it-ti enmeš ḫi-˹ṭu an-ni˺- ˹en i-ma˺-[an-ni] “how come the lord counts us among the enemies?” d) bēl piqitti “commissioner” (3 ats.): 132:4f. (F.Ad.) lú˹en pi-qitmeš˺-[ti?] šá ˹é.an.na “commissioners of Eanna”; 166:12 lúen pi-qit-ne-tú; 166:25 lúen pi-qit-tú šá lú2-ú “commissioners of the deputy” e) bēl šutummi “store manager”; 147:34 é šu-tu-um-mu ˹šá?˺ it-ti ˹en˺ šu-tu-˹um˺[mi] šá PN ḫi-i-ri “prepare the storehouse with the store manager of PN” f) bēl ṭābti “friend, ally” (5 ats., 4 let.): 29:11 ki-i la lúen mun-ia at-ta “you’re definitely my friend”; 52:11, 15 lúen mun.ḫi-tu-tu “friendship”; 111:18 al-la* a-na tar-ṣi pa-ni-ku-nu lúen mun.ḫi.a-ku-nu i-ba-áš-šú-ma “there are none but your allies (here)”; 173:27 lúen mun-iá šu-ú “he’s a friend of mine” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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g) bēl ud-ub, unclear; 130:12 ki-i lúen ud-ub gu4 i-tab-ku u ki-i lúšà.tam gu4 il-taprak-ku-nu-šú “be it an ox that the chief UD-UB took (to you), or an ox that the temple administrator sent to you” berû Adj.; “hungry, starving” Ap.B:26 lúš[i]-ra-ku gab-bi bi-ru-ú “he serfs are all starving” binna (< bī inna) verb; polite Imp. form: “(please) give” (4 ats., 3 let.); see also → nadānu (Imp.) 115:26 i-bi-ˀa-an-ni “please give me (the men)”; 161:10 kan-na ˹qer˺-ru-ub-tu4 ina šá uru šá še.bar i-bi-in-na-áš-šú “please give it to (us) in a nearby village with barley”; 161:22 bi-nam-nim-ma; 171:19 ˹ib?-bi˺-in-nam-ma “(please) give it to me” biblu noun; “(the action of) bringing, gift”, only in idiomatic use bibil libbi “the heart’s desire”: 194:33 ma-la ina bi-ib-lu lìb-bi-ka dul-la a-na lugal en-ka te-ep-pu-uš “all the voluntary work you’ll do for the king, your lord” biˀiltu noun; “alabastron” 156:44 1+et bi-ˀi-il-tu4 šá ì. ḫal-ṣu “an alabastron of pressed oil” billatu noun; a type of beer 147:11 bil-la-ti u kaš.sag “bilattu-beer and premium beer” biltu noun; 1. (weight measure ≈ 30 kg) “talent”, 2. “burden” 1. “talent” (19 ats., 14 let.): 37:17 gú.un sík.ḫi.a; 41:7 gú.un; 71:21; 74:4, 18 gun; 77:13; 85:9, 24; 87:15, 17; 117:17; 148:13; 159:9, 14; 165:9; 166:24, 42; 193:13 gú.un; 212:10’ 6 gun 3 ½ ma.na an.bar “6 talents, 3½ minas of iron” 2. “burden”: 188:13 ˹a-na a?˺-[ga?-a?] [b]i-il-ti ina muḫ-ḫi-˹šú˺-[nu] la i-ta-a-ta “isn’t the burden upon them proof (enough)?” biri → ina biri birīt Prep.; “between”, see also → ina biri 13:27 qaq-qar šá bi-rit ídmeš “a land between the canals” biršu noun; “felt” 156:6 túggu-li-né-e ina lìb-bi 1+en šá bir-šú “ten gulīnu-garments, of which one is felt” bīšu Adj.; “of bad quality, vicious, harmful” a) “of bad quality” (2 ats.): 77:31 ˹am˺-mi-˹ni˺-i ˹ki-i˺ zú.lum.ma bé-šu-˹tu tu˺-šeeb-bi-la “how come you delivered bad dates to me?”; 126:23 ˹gu4meš bé-šu˺-tu la ˹ta-bi˺iḫ-˹ḫir˺ “don’t pick the bad oxen” b) “vicious, harmful” (+ → dibbu → amātu) (4 ats., 3 let.): 144:18’ dib-bi-ia béšu-tu a-na PN1 a-šú šá PN2 ki-i i-di-bu-ub “since he accused me in front of PN1/PN2”; 158:6 a-mat bi-ˀi-˹il-ti˺ ina pi-i-šu i-ba-áš-šú-ú “these are vicious words coming out of his mouth”; 158:31 mi-nam-ma dib-bi bi-šú-tu i-šap-par “why does he write vicious words?”; 202:11 mam-ma dib-bi-šú bi-ˀi-šu-tu i-dib-bu-bu “whoever speaks ill of him” bīt bēli → bītu bīt dulli → bītu © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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bīt elû → bītu bit ili → bītu bīt iṣṣūri → bītu bīt karê → bītu bīt kīli → bītu bīt kurkî → bītu bit makkūri → bītu bīt mašenni → bītu bīt rēˀî → bītu bīt šutummi → bītu bīt ṭuppi → bītu bīt urê → bītu bitqu noun; + → qēmu a type of flour 156:27 qé-me bit-qa “fine (bitqu) flour” bītu noun; 1. “house”, 2. “temple”, 3. “building, part of a building, store”, 4. “household”, 5. in compounds; see also → ērib bīti * the distinction between 1, 2, and 3 is not always possible: e.g., 31:9, 24, 28; 93:12 1. “house” (5 ats., 4 let.): 67:5 émeš ˹lúunugki-a-a “houses of Urukeans”; 67:17, 27 é PN; 100:8 é PN ul i-ti-iq “(the donkey) did not make it (to) the house of PN”; 194:9 šulum ina uru é.kur u é šá en-iá šá-kin; 195: 8 šu-lum ina uru é.kur u é šá en-iá šá-kin “all is well in the city, the temple and in the lord’s house” 2. “temple” (24 ats., 13 let.): 19:12 é-ka “your temple”;19:18 a-na é šu-pur-˹ma˺ “write to the temple”; 23:12 é šá ˹dinnin unug˺[ki] “the temple of Ištar-of-Uruk”; 23:26’ é?; 29:15 a-na ˹é lil˺-lik-ma; 37:6; 72:5; 95:16, 25, 27, 28; 102:4; 128:31, 33; 132:11, 14, 19; 186:5, 7; 196:6, 19, 21; Ap.A:7, 8 en.nun-tú šá é “the service of the temple”; see also → bīt ili (bītu 5.c) 3. “building, part of a building, store” (3 ats.): 31:25 é ˹e*?-lu-ú˺ šu-ú “it is (only) an/the upper-storey”; 77:12 ina sík.ḫi.a šá ina é im.si.sá 2 gun sík.ḫi.a kap-du ˹šu˺-bi-la “quickly deliver two talents of wool from the wool in the north-wing”; 171:10 ˹é˺ šá ˹il˺ta-an ˹é ba˺-ra-ak-ka-ni-šú ˹a˺-qa-it-ma “so I can finish the passage of the northern house” 4. “household” (3 ats.): 21:8 ˹é?-šú˺ “his household”; 67:15 ˹lúun˺meš é šá PN “household of PN”; 144:9 ul-tu re-e-šú é-ku-nu a-ram-mu “from the beginning I have been devoted to your (pl.) household” 5. a) bīt bēli “department, office”: 128:19 a-na-ku é en-iá lu-uṣ-ṣur “I will personally watch over my department” b) bīt dulli “workshop”: 200:4 a-na ugu ˹é dul?-li-ka˺ šá en iq!(T.:aq)-bu-ú “regarding your workshop, about which the lord talked (with me)” c) bit ili “god’s house, temple” (10 ats. 7 let.): 39:10 en.nun-ti šá é dingirmeš-e-a uṣra-ˀa “look after the service of the temple of my gods”; 57:14, 15 é dingirmeš-ka; 60:12 é © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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dingirmeš-e-a “temple of my gods”; 61:13, 21 é dingir meš-e-a; 117:[22] ḫa-ba-lu-ú ˹ina é˺ [dingir] el?-lu; 124:23f.; 179:8 ˹é˺ dingirmeš-ku-nu; 179:17 é dingirmeš-e-[ni] “the temple of our gods”; see also → bītu 2 d) bīt iṣṣūri “poultry house”: 215:4’ PN šá é mušen.ḫi.a “PN of the poultry house” e) bīt karê “storehouse” (2 ats.): 77:22 é gur7me; 168:14 mušen.ḫi.a 5 6 ul-tu lìb-bi mušen.ḫi.a šá ina é gur7 šeš-ú-a liš-pu-ra “my brother should send me five or six birds from the storehouse” f) bīt kīli “prison” (3 ats.): 4:8 ká é kil-li-ni “the gate of our prison”; 67:23 é kil-lišú; 94:33 é ki-lu g) bīt kurkî “goose-shed”: 171:17 é kur-ki-i ṣu-li-il-ma “build the roof of the gooseshed” h) bīt makkūri “storehouse, treasury” (5 ats., 4 let.): 86:13 é ma-ak-ku-ru “storehouse”; 86:26 é níg.ga; 87:26; 127:25 érinme šá é níg.gameš “workers of the storehouse”; 166:41 é níg.gameš “treasury”; see also → makkūru i) bīt mašenni “building of the mašennu official”: 8:39 lúunugki.meš ma-la ina é lúmaše-en-na a-paṭ-ṭar-ma “I am discharging all the Urukeans from the bīt mašenni” j) bīt rēˀî “Shepherd’s Estate”: 174:4 a.šà a4 šá é lúsipa-i “the field of the Shepherd’s Estate” k) bīt šutummi “storehouse”: 147:34 é šu-tu-um-mu ˹šá?˺ it-ti ˹en˺ šu-tu-˹um˺-[mi] šá PN ḫi-i-ri “prepare the storehouse with the store manager of PN” l) bīt ṭuppi “archive”: 113:19 é.im.kišib m) bīt urê “fattening stable” (5 ats.): 78:32 ˹é˺ ú-re-˹e˺; 122:21 ˹a˺-na é ú-re-˹e˺ “he’ll lead them to the fattening stable”; 130:15 é ú-re-e; without bīt: 68:17 1+en udu.níta šu-ku-lu šá ú-ru-ú; 87:25 40 udu.nítame [šá]˹ú-re˺-[e] al-tap-rak-ka “I’m sending you 40 sheep [from] the (fattening) stable” n) bīt-x “building/department in the temple”: 107:15 ˹é us? is? ka? x˺ ša é.an.na “bīt-x … of Eanna” bubūtu noun; “hunger” 141:14 érinme ˹a4˺ ina bu-bu-tu ina šuII-ia it-ta-˹iṣ˺-ˀu “these men are slipping away from me, for they are starving” bulṭu noun; “life”, see also → balāṭu 160:23 ˹d˺+ag ana bul-ṭì-ka lu-ṣal-li “I am praying (to) Nabû for your (good) life” bunnu noun; “favour, the good” (3 ats.) 77:27 ina bu-un-ni-ia “for me”; 96:5 ina bu-un-ni-iá; 99:11 bu-un-né-e šu-kul-tu4 šá lú2-˹i˺ “the proper arrangement of the deputy’s banquet” būnu noun; “appearance” 189:12 ˹bu-ú-nu-šú-nu˺ “their appearance” (broken context) būrtu noun; “pit” (as a metaphor for trouble) 25:12 ina bur-ti na-˹as*˺-ka*-ak* “I am in a pit” burû noun; “reed mats” (6 ats., 4 let.) 71:8 gišburmeš na-da-a-ni “the reed-mats have been spread”; 130:21 bu-ú-ru; 147:19 gi bur-ra-nu; 201:7, 13, 19 gibu-ra-né-e būru noun; “calve” 113:30 ábbu-ri “calves”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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buˀˀû verb; 1. “look for, seek, find”, 2. “look after”, 3. “demand” 1. (9 ats.): Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 14:7 a-di la a-na ad-bu-tu ú-ba-ˀa-ka “I did not even seek for your fatherly guidance”; 99:25 dutu ki-i a-kan-na la ú-ba-ˀa-u; Pres. 1.Sg.m.: 191:28 ú-ba-ʾa-ma “I will look for (iron)”; Perf. 2.Pl.m.: 70:29 tu-ub-te-a4-niš-ma de-le-pu “(once) you (Pl.) have started looking for him”; Prec.: 9:18 ina pa-an PN en lu-ba-ˀa-iš “the lord should look (for) it at PN’s”; Inf.: 162:27 a-˹na˺ bu-ˀu-i šá udu.níta at-ta-ṣu “I went out to search for the sheep”; Imp.: 7:24 bu-ˀu-šu-ma “look for (him)”; 63:22 bu-ˀaa-ma; 71:9 kù.babbar ˹a-ki-i˺ dul-lu ˹bu?-ú?-nu-ma˺ “try to get the silver for the work” 2. “look after”: 29:13 dum-qí-ka ú-ba-ˀu-ú “I will definitely be looking after your interests” 3. “demand”: 28:5 PN lu-ú ma-a-˹da˺ ki-i ú-ba-ˀa-šú “I have emphatically called PN to account”

–D– dabābu verb; 1. “talk, say, report”, 2. “complain, sue, litigate”, 3. “lie, slander” + → dibbu bīšu → pirku → pirṣātu; for bēl dabābi see → bēlu 2a 1. “talk, say, report” (16 ats., 14 let.): 2:22 ki-i ma-la id-bu-ub ma-ṣu-ú “if he will follow through on his word”; 28:30 [ana] ˹lú?umbisag?˺ a-dab-˹bu?-ub?-bi?˺ “I’ll talk (with) the scribe”; 52:9 [ki]-i un-diš-˹šir˺-ú-ma [ina] ˹muḫ˺-ḫi la ˹ad˺-dab-bu “if I were to distribute (it) without reporting it”; 83:7 id-da-ab-bu-ub; 102:6, 11; 119:14 ˹it˺-ti-šú du˹bu˺-ub “talk to him”; 121:26; 123:7; 125:41, 45; 132:18 it-ti a-˹ḫa?˺-meš lid-dab-bu-˹ub˺ “we will discuss it together”;155:9; 157:28; 183:8; 187:19 lúumbisag é.gal a-kan-na it-ti lú gar umuš id-dab-bu-ub “the palace scribe has spoken here with the governor (of Uruk)” 2. “complain, sue, litigate” (4 ats., 3 let.): 28:6 it-ti-iá id-dab-bu-ub “he accused (me)”; 52:26 [a-na]-ku u at-ta ina pa-an [lugal] ˹ú lúgar-kur ni-dab-bu-ub “you and I may litigate before the [king] and the governor of the Sealand”; 125:13 dib-bi-šú-nu ki-i ni-idda-bu-ˀu; 125:36 man-ni šá lúrig7 ˹šá˺ [ip-šu]-ni i-da-bu-ub “who among the serfs will complain about our [actions]?” 3. a) + → dibbu bīšu “speak ill, accuse” (2 ats.): 144:21’ dib-bi-ia bé-šu-tu a-na PN1 a-šú šá PN2 ki-i i-di-bu-ub PN1 di-i-nu šá zimeš ana lìb-bi-iá i-dab-bu-ub “since he accused me in front of PN1/PN2, PN3 will charge me with a capital crime”; 202:12 mamma dib-bi-šú bi-ˀi-šu-tu i-dib-bu-bu “whoever speaks ill of him” b) + → pirku “slander, speak ill” (9 ats., 7 let.): 34:10 mam-ma pir-ku it-ti-šú la idab-bu-˹ub˺ “no one should speak ill of him”; 95:18 ki-i mam-ma pir-ka it-ti id-di-ib-bu; 114:8 lúumbisag é ˹pir-ki˺ it-ti-ia ˹la id-dab*-bu˺ “the temple scribe is besmirching me”; 129:17; 132:10, 17; 150:23; 173:38 mi-nam-ma PN1 pir-ki it-ti PN2 ina igi-ka i-dab-buub; 173:40 mam-ma pir-ki it-ti-šú la i-dab-bu-ub “no one should defy him” c) + → pirṣātu “lie”: 172:6 lúšà.tam a-kan-na pi-ir-ṣa-ta it-ti lúérinmeš i-dib-bu-ubma “the temple administrator is here spreading lies about the men” dagālu verb; 1. + → pānu “wait, await” (lit. “see the face”), 2. šudgulu + → pānu “hand over, present” (lit. “let (someone) see the face of something/one) 1. + → pānu “wait, await” (7 ats.): 24:22 pa-ni-šú˺ ul ta-dag-gal “(should) you be unable to wait for him”; 91:14; 97:32; 105:17 gu 4meš … pa-ni-šú-nu id-dag-gal-ú; 112:19 [pa-ni] ˹ṭè˺-e-me šá [en-i-ni ni?]-dag-gal; 125:22; 178:21 pa-ni PN ni-dag-gal “we’re waiting for PN” 2. šudgulu + → pānu “hand over, present” (4 ats., 3 let.): 43:18 pa-ni-˹iá šu-du-gi˺il-la-[ˀa]; 43:34 pa-ni-˹iá?˺ šu-du-˹gi˺-la-a[ˀ]; 96:10 še.bar ma-la te-˹et˺-ti-ri pa-ni-iá šuud-gi-il “hand over to me all the surplus barley you have hoarded”; 102:18 lúla-mu-tu pani en-ia ul-ta-ad-gi-[il] “I have turned the slaves over to my lord”

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dâku verb; 1. “kill, cut (trees)”, 2. nadûku “be killed” 1. a) “kill” (5 ats.): Pret.: 84:20 ḫal-pu-uˀ i-du-ku-nu “they have killed the replacements”; Pres.: 89:13 ˹a˺-kan-na a-mur ni-˹id˺-da-ku um-ma “we are here, as you can see, dying”; 117:7 lú igi é.gal u4-mu-us-su i-du-uk-kin; Perf.: 67:19 id-du-uk; St.: 166:40 ia-a-nu ˹di*-ka-nu˺ “otherwise, we are (as good as) dead” b) “cut (trees)”: 67:19 1 lim ḫu-ṣa-bi šá 6 qa 12 qa ka-bir ina lìb-bi id-du-ku-ˀu “they cut down 1,000 firewood, 6 qû and 12 qû thick” 2. nadûku: 117:16 ia-a-nu-ú a-na-ku ad-da-a-ku “otherwise, I will be killed” dalāḫu verb; “embarrass, besmirch” 158:24 ˹lugal ina ugu-ku-nu˺ a-da-˹la-aḫ˺ “I will denounce you in front of the king” dalāpu verb; “do/be ceaseless” 70:30 ma-la-ˀa ina muḫ-ḫi de-el-pa-ˀa “work ceaselessly on all of this” danānu A verb; 1. “be(come) hard”, 2. dunnunu “do seriously/intensely” 1. 40:7 dul-lu ina ugu-ni id-di-ni-ni “the work has become too much for us” 2. dunnunu: Ap.B:23 a-na da-ni-ka lugal ki-i ú-dan-ni-in “the king had spoken seriously on your behalf” danānu B noun; “power” 174:19 lúumbisag é mam-ma šá da-na-nu ina muḫ-ḫi-iá ip-pu-šu “does the temple scribe have any authority over me?” dannu A Adj.; “hard” (9 ats.) 25:33 dul-lu da-nu “(this) work is hard”; 30:13 dul-lu šá a-kan-na dan-na; 85:23 dul-lu dan-nu; 90:31 ina muḫ-ḫi ni-ni da-a-nu; 115:17; 120:9 dul-lu ina muḫ-ḫi-iá ˹da*a*˺-nu; 148:7; 170:6 da-né-e; Ap.B:22 a-na da-ni-ka lugal ki-i ú-dan-ni-in “the king had spoken seriously on your behalf” dannu B noun; “vat, barrel” (3 ats., 2 let.) 33:9 dan-nu-˹tu4˺; 196:24, 25 dan-nu dāriš → ana dāriš daṣiratu → unclear dâšu verb; “thresh” (2 ats.) 151:15 še.bar ad-du-uš “(hitherto) I would thresh the barley”; 180:24 šá šad-daqad u šá-lu-uš-šá-nu ina igi-ka i-du-šú ˹gam-ri šu˺-pur-ma “send all that was threshed before you during last year and the year before” dayyānu noun; “judge” 184:21 at-ta lu-ú lúdi.kud-a “you should be my judge” dekû verb; 1. “levy, summon”, 2. idiomatic use + → qātu “be idle” 1. “levy, summon” (11 ats., 9 let.): 30:24 érinmeš pi-tin-nu-tu ˹ag˺-ra-tú šá a-na dullu dùg.ga di-ka-a-ma šup-ru “levy and send strong workers and hired labourers that are fit for the work”; 58:19; 80:10; 85:8 šá lúengarmeš de-kam-m; 93:10; 138:11, 15; 175:16 ˹lú˺érin di-ka-ni-˹im˺-ma lip-ṭur-un-na-šú “levy workers so they will relieve us (from duty)”; 188:10(?); 204:9 érinmeš di-ka-a; 204:19 érinmeš ul i-di-ku-nu “they did not levy the soldiers” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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2. + → qātu “be idle”: 184:26 7 gur še.bar šá PN a-na ni-is-ḫu ki-i ad-da*-áš-šú šuII id-di-ku* “when I gave to PN seven kurrus of his barley for expenses, he didn’t do anything” dibbu noun; 1. “word, order, thing”, 2. “thing, matter”, 3. “case, claim” (in a legal context) 1. a) (10 ats., 9 let.): 27:4 dib-bu šá PN it-te-eq!-ku-nu-šú “the order (regarding) PN is (hereby) passed to you”; 27:23 a-di la [di]b-bu i-šá-nu-˹ú˺;36:6; 42:4; 52:7; 83:15; 102:5 ina dib-bi šá e[n] id-bu-bu ki-i aḫ-ru-ṣu mim-ma ina lìb-bi ia-a-nu “I checked the lord’s words, and there was nothing in it”; 106:23; 125:38 dib-bu ú-ì[l-tì š]á? ana šuII*?ni*°? te-li “the wording of any (pertinent) document that falls into our hands”; 199:8 dibbi b) + → bīšu (3 ats.): 144:17’ dib-bi-ia bé-šu-tu a-na PN1 a-šú šá PN2 ki-i i-di-buub; 158:30 mi-nam-ma dib-bi bi-šú-tu i-šap-par “why does he write vicious words?”; 202:10 mam-ma dib-bi-šú bi-ˀi-šu-tu i-dib-bu-bu “whoever speaks ill of him” 2. “thing, matter” (4 ats., 3 let.): 125:28 dib-bu-ú šá la en i-te-ep-šu-na-a-šú “he treated us as a lord should not”; 152:12 [dib]-bi šá giš˹ban!˺ ina unugki lìb-bu e[n-ia] i-pilláḫ “he’s worried about the bow (service) in Uruk, just like [my lord/you]”; 195:15 maº-la dib-bi ma-ṣu-ú “nothing could have been done”; 195:19 ˹ma˺-la dib-bi it-ti-iá ul ma-ṣu “it is impossible for me” 3. “(legal) case, claim” (4 ats., 3 let.): 61:6 ˹a-na muḫ˺-ḫi dib-b šá PN šá taš-pu-ra “regarding the case of PN about which you had written me”; 125:13 a-kan-na a-ni-ni ina igi PN lúumbisag a-na dib-bi-šú-nu ki-i ni-id-da-bu--ˀu “we have lodged a claim here against them before PN the scribe”; 187:6 ina ugu dib-bi! šá PN; 187:20 dib-bi šá PN uqta-at-ta “he has closed PN’s case” * unclear in broken context: 209:13’ dib-bi-ia dibî → unclear dīku noun; “levy (of troops, workers)” 85:7 ki-i lugal u a-de-e-šú pal-ḫa-a-˹ta˺ di-ki šá lúengarmeš de-kam-ma šup-ra “for fear of the king and (your) adû-oath to him, levy the ploughmen and send (them here)” dīnu noun; “legal case, lawsuit, sentence” (5 ats.) 14:8 a-mat mál-le-e-ti i-na di-nimeš ta-al-tap-ra “(you) sent me the full report about the lawsuits”; 22:19 di?-i-ni mu-kin-ni ul ú-kin-na; 144:22’ dib-bi-ia bé-šu-tu a-na PN1 ašú šá PN2 ki-i i-di-bu-ub PN1 di-i-nu šá zimeš ana lìb-bi-iá i-dab-bu-ub “since he accused me in front of PN1/PN2, PN3 will charge me with a capital crime”; 184:22 di-i-nu-a it-tišú en li-pu-uš “my lord should rule my sentence”; 185:9 di-in-šú it-ti PN2 e-pu-uš “settle his legal dispute with PN” dišpu noun; “honey” (2 ats., 1 let.) 156:15, 46 1+en ni-sip làl “a container of honey” dullu noun; “work, corvée” (88 ats., 53 let.), see also → bīt dulli 25:32, 33 a-˹ki*-i˺ dul-lu maḫ-ri-i la ta-šak*-˹kan*˺ dul-lu da-nu “do not base (your plans) on the previous work, (this) work is hard”; 30:10 lìb-bu-ú dul-lu šá ˹si˺-ki-ir šá ina qal-la u qal-la-ta ni-ip-pu-uš “we can do the work of the dam with (just) one slave and one slave-girl”; 40:6 dul-lu ina ugu-ni id-di-ni-ni “the work has become too much for us”; 47:14 dul-la-šú [la] i-baṭ-ṭil “his work cannot be interrupted”; 67:7 dul-lu šá ud.unugki “the work in Larsa”; 70:7; dul-lu šá te-pu-uš-ˀu ina muḫ-ḫi dgašan šá unugki u dna-na-a dùg.ga “the Lady-of-Uruk and Nanāya are pleased by the work you have done”; 72:2b (Int.) PN1 ˹šu-lum˺ šá PN2 u PN3 šešmeš-šú ina ugu dul-li-ku-nu i-šá-a-la-a4 “PN1 inquires about the well-being of PN2 and PN3, his brothers, with regard to their work”; 74:5 dul-lu © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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šá ˹é.an˺.[na] “the work of Eanna”; 77:10 dul-la šá gišmáme “the work on the boats”; 85:23 dul-lu dan-nu “the work is hard”; 86:27 dul-lu-ku-nu ép-šá “do your work”; 116:18 lú ḫun.gáme šá érinme mim-ma ˹du-lu˺ ip-pu-uš-ˀu “the hired labourers are doing all the work of the workmen”; 122:5 na ugu dul-lu u en.nun-ti šá é.kur la ta-šel-li “do not neglect the work and the service of the temple”; 123:19 dul-lu šá íd “the work on the canal”; 157:18 ˹mi˺-na-a dul-lu ˹i˺-ba-aṭ-ṭil “how come the work is interrupted?”; 194:33 ma-la ina biib-lu lìb-bi-ka dul-la a-na lugal en-ka te-ep-pu-uš “all the voluntary work you’ll do for the king, your lord”; Ap.B:9 dul-lu šá lugal ul ip-pu-uš “they do not (come and) perform the king’s work” dumqu noun; “goodness, good deed, benefit” (5 ats., 4 let.) 29:12 a-˹di˺ dum-qí-ka ú-ba-ˀu-ú “I will definitely be looking after your interests”; 168:6, 12 sig5meš-ka ina igi dutu šu-ku-un “do your good (deeds) before Šamaš”; 194:35 dum-qí-šú- lu-kal-lim-mu-ka “(DNs) show you their gratitude”; 195:31 dutu u d amar.utu mim-ma ma-la šuII-ka ina ugu šak-na-at gab-bi a-na dum-qí lu-tir-ra “may Šamaš and Marduk bestow blessing upon whatever you set your hands on” Dūr-gaṣṣāya (gentilic) Adj.; “(a man from) Dūr-gaṣṣi” 205:8 PN urudu-ur-ga-aṣ-ṣa-a-a dūru noun; “wall” (ats. uncertain due to broken context) 133:23 bàd “wall” dušû noun; “tanned leather/hide” (2 ats.) a) 140:6 1 kušdu-še-e šá ú-kul “one dark tanned hide” b) in → ṣārip dušê (“leather dyer”): 77:19 máš.gal šá ina igi lúṣa-rip kušduḫ.ši.a “the goats of the coloured-leather tanner” Dûzu → index: Month names

–E– ebbu Adj.; “clean” 43:32 10-ta ˹túg˺gam-mid-da-a-ta šá síkta-bar-ri ˹eb!-bi-ti˺ ṣu-pa-a-ta “ten gammidatu-garments of red, clean, and combed wool” ebūru noun; “harvest” 195:9 kù.babbar šá e-bu-ra-nu “silver for/of the harvests” edû verb; 1. “know”, 2. “know, be acquainted with”, 3. šūdû “substantiate”, see also → medû 1. a) “know” (5 ats.): 31:24 lúab.bameš gab-bi i-du-ú; 75:15 mim-ma [ma]-la ṣe-ba˹tu˺-nu[i]-du-uˀ “it is well known what you need”; 78:15 ˹lu˺-de-e-ma; 159:36; b) affirmative, preceding the clause (8 ats.): + → lū: 94:28 en lu-ú i-de “the lord should know”; 162:14; 178:12; 210:11’ [en lu-ú i]-du-ú; + → lū → kī: 2:21; 15:8 ˹en˺ i-di ki-i “the lord knows that”; 156:52; 174:33 ˹lúumbisag é˺ lu-ú ˹i˺-de ki-i “the temple scribe knows that” c) affirmative, following the clause, + → lū (16 ats., 15 let.): 24:25 en lu-ú i-de “the lord should know (all that)”; 31:10 lu-ú ti-da-˹ˀa˺; 49:14; 67:31; 71:35; 99:29; 108:26; 142:26; 143:8; 144:15’; 170:12; 174:12; 177:31; 194:10, 31; 211:8’ d) initiating an oath (17 ats.): 11:29 d+en-˹um˺-ma lu-ú i-de ki-i ma-la aq-bi ta-áššá-nim-ma˺ “Bēl (surely) knows that, although you did hear me”; 13:8 d+en u d+ag lu-ú i© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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du-ú ki-i a-na na-še-e šá túgkur.rameš šá PN áš-mu-˹ú˺ “Bēl and Nabû know that I did not hear (a thing) about the taking of Bēl-īpuš’s blankets”; 20:10 dgašan šá unugki lu ti-i-de kii; 25:8; 70:25; 84:5; 100:13; 115:21; 125:37; 132:21; 145:7; 158:9; 159:28 d+ag lu-ú i-de ki-i; 173:10; 175:6; 184:13; 211:4’ d+en u d+ag lu-ú i-du-ú ki-i e) introducing a nominal clause. (8 ats.): 2:12 ˹šu-ú˺ en i-de ki-i ˹i!˺-na ka-na-ku-šú ˹ši˺-i “he, the lord, knows that if she’s (entitled for it) by his signing”; 7:33 i-di šá ìr-ka ana-ku!; 12:20; 48:9; 75:9; 85:22; 160:19; 168:4 lu-ú ti-i-de šá lu ma-du ina kaskalII-ka šá ṣab-ta-ta ḫa-ma-ku f) introducing a subordinate clause (13 ats., 11 let.): 29:32 ˹at˺-ta en i-de šá zú.lum.ma lugal ina muḫ-ḫi-iá la ip-ru-su “you do know lord that the king did not assign me with the dates”; 90:21; 98:19; 128:9; 144:7; 157:33; 158:5, 13, 14; 165:20; 188:17; 192:16’; 213:5 ul i-de ki-i 3 bán kis-sa-tu4 ˹ta˺-ad-din “did I not know that you gave three sūtu of fodder?” 2. “know, be acquainted with” (3 ats., 2 let.): 35:8 qaq-qa-ru ul i-de “he does not know the land”; 52:31 ˹ki-i˺ še.numun a-zu-pi-ra-nu ˹la˺ ti-du-ú; Pt.: 35:9 1+en lú mu-dee kaskal it-ti-šú šešmeš-iá liš-pur-ˀu “let my brothers send with him a man who knows the roads” 3. šūdû: 22:25 ˹mun˺-at-ka a-na ab-bu-nu-ni lu-še-da!?(T.:ad) “let me substantiate your kindness (towards me) to our fathers” eˀēlu verb; “bind, inflict(?)” (4 ats.) a) + → uˀiltu (3 ats.): 159:10 ú-ìl-tì šá 6 ˹gú˺.un kù.babbar ina muḫ-ḫi-iá i-te-ˀe-il “he drew a promissory-note of six talents to my account”; 172:8 ú-ìl!-timeš ina muḫ-ḫi PN1 u PN2 i-te-el-li; 205:9 ú-ìl-tì ši-i šá PN1 it-ti PN2 i-ˀi-lu b) “inflict”(?): 117:23 ḫa-ba-lu-ú ˹ina é˺ [dingir] el?-lu “damage is going to be done to the te[mple]” ekallu noun; “palace” (4 ats.), see also → ṭupšar ekalli 5:20 ina é.gal “in the palace”; 13:24 šá é.gal ú-kal-lu-ú-in-ni; 164:20 é.gal; 180:29 a-na é.gal a-{x}šap-par “I will write to the palace (about it)” ekēlu verb; “be(come) dark” 140:6 1 kuš du-še-e šá ú-kul “one dark tanned hide” ekur noun; “temple” (4 ats.) 63:21 dingirmeš šu-ut é.kur “(the statues) of the gods of these temple(s)”; 122:6 ina ugu dul-lu u en.nun-ti šá é.kur la ta-šel-li; 194:9; 195:8 šu-lum ina uru é.kur u é šá en-iá šá-kin “all is well in the city, the temple and in the lord’s house” elat Prep.; “apart from, beyond” (3 ats., 2 let.) 77:33 ˹zú.lum.ma˺ šá* e*-lat* u4-mu˺ i-nam-šú-nu “he will provide them from the daily surplus of dates”; 156:30, 38 e-lat “apart from” elep makkî → makkû eleppu noun; “boat” (33 ats., 24 let.) 25:19 2 gišmáme; 28:31; 73:12; 77:10, 13, 16, 24, 26; 78:21, 22; 79:11; 82:14, 18; 84:39; 92:4; 94:18; 103:24; 118:12, 13; 131:12; 134:8; 138:12; 139:, 13; 145:26; 151:6; 166:15; 172:8, 15; 173:29; 176:25; 191:11; 203:5 eli Prep.; “towards” 192:20’ ki-i na-kut-ti [šá e]-˹li˺-ka en ra-šu-ú “as for your concern, lord” © 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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elītu noun; “(the) upper part” (as a piece of meat): 164:18 e*-li*-ti*˺ (broken context) elû A Adj.; “upper” 31:25 é ˹e*?-lu-ú˺ šu-ú “it is (only) an/the upper-storey” elû B verb; 1. “go upstream”, 2. “grow, sprout, turn up”, 3. ullû “make higher”, 4. šūlû “send up(stream)”, 5. šūlû “load on a boat”, 6. šūlû “remove, deduct”, 7. šūlû “drive away”, 8. šūlû “bring forth (a legal case)”, 9. idiomatic use 1. “go upstream” (3 ats.): 123:15 íd it-ti-šú ˹li˺-[ lu]-˹ú˺ “they should go with him up to the canal”; 181:24(?) te-˹el?˺-li (broken context); 183:31 a-kan-na ˹la˺ il?-[l]u?-ú 2. a) “grow, sprout”: 125:8 20 gur ú-ḫi-ni ina lìb-bi i-te-˹lu-ˀu˺ “20 kurrus of unripe dates sprouted today” b) “turn up” (3 ats.): 72:7 ina é it-ti qa-an-nu ṣa-bi-ti šá giššid-da-ti e-ˀe-el “it is to be found in the temple with the gazelle-horns in a wooden box”; 125:39(?) te-li; 163:7 ˹piš-ki˺ a-na pa-˹ni-ia˺ ki- ˹il˺-la-˹ˀa˺ ul-tu ˹unug˺ki at-ta-ṣa-ˀa “I left Uruk as soon as unjust claims were brought against me” 3. ullû “make higher”: 84:27 a-na sukud ul-la-aˀ “raise (the construction) up high” 4. šūlû “send up(stream)” (6 ats.): 78:19 lu-še-lu-nu “let them send up”; 79:16 šuú-lu; 106:9; 109:26; 130:23; 135:20 mi-iḫ-ṣi bab-ba-nu-ú a-na dinnin unugki šu-la-ˀa 5. šūlû “load on a boat” (3 ats.): 134:10 šu-la-a u šup-ra-nu “load (the boats) and send (them)”; 139:9; 191:11 [a-na] ˹gišmá˺ ul-te-li-[ma] a-na en-ia al-tap-par-ra 6. šūlû “remove, deduct” (2 ats.): 103:17: mim-ma šá pir-˹ki˺ ta é.an.na te-li-ti lá tu-še-el-li “do not make any improper disbursement from Eanna”; 126:9 7. šūlû “drive away” (2 ats.): 135:31 a-ni-ni ul-tu lìb!-bi ul-te-lu-na-šú “they drove us away”; 174:9 PN ud.23.kam šá iti.šu ki-i il-li-ka iṭ-ṭe-˹ra!˺-an-ni ul-tu a.šà ul-te-la-anni 8. šūlû “bring forth (a legal case)”: 28:8 it-ti-iá id-dab-bu-ub pir-˹ki ma-la˺ ba-šuú a-na pa-ni-ia ul-te-la-ˀa “he accused (me) and raised all kind of allegations against me” 9. a) + → ina qāt “to lose”: 89:20 dutu ˹ki˺-i a-di ni-ḫe!-le-eq u ina šuII-ka ˹ni˺-illu*-ú “by Šamaš, we’ll surely perish and be lost to you” b) + → šum ili “swear, take an oath”: (3 ats.): 17:8 mu dingirmeš a-na- ul-te!˹li˺ “I swear by the gods’ nam”; 39:23 a-na ku-um mu dingir šu-ú šá ú-še-lu-ú “on account of the oath to the god which they have sworn”; 95:22 mu dingirmeš ul-te-li emēdu verb; 1. “assess, impose (imposts from different crops)”, 2. “impose (work)” 1. (7 ats., 4 let.): Pret. 1.Sg.m.: 87:8 še.bar zú.lum.ma ni.tuk˹ki˺ kii e-mi-du ul-te-bi-lak-ka “I imposed the barley (and) the Dilmun-dates (and) I’m delivering (it) to you”; Pres. 1.Sg.m.: 150:13 [meš-ḫ]a-ti [e]-em-mid; Prec. 3.Sg.m.: 150:19 lúa.kinka šu-pur-ma še.bar li-im-mid; Perf. 1.Pl.m.: 142:10, 15; Imp.: 78:11 i-mit-ti e-mi-id “assess the imposts”; St.: 81:8, 9 e-en6-du “are assessed” 2. (2 ats.): 142:24 4 lúengarmeš ni-mi-id-su?-[nu-tu] “we shall impose it on four ploughmen”; 181:10 ameš šá PN a-na ugu it-te-en-du-nu “they (also) imposed on me the water (tasks) of PN” emūqu noun; (military) “force” 58:10 e-mu-qu ma-a-du šá great force of Medians”

kur

ma-da-a-a it-ti-šú it-ta-lak “he is accompanied by a

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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enna Adv.; “now” (49 ats., 37 let.), see also → adī muḫḫi → adī muḫḫi ša → adû B → amur e) 11:16 en-na; 14:7, 18, 20, 23; 43:12, 21; 120:25; 125:20, 26, 45; 136:8; 141:21 u en-na “but now, ...”; 164:6 en-na ḫa-an-ṭiš enzu noun; “goat” (7 ats., 1 let.) 56:5, 9, 12, 18, 22, 25, 35 ùz eperu noun; “earth” (work) 148:9 1 me 51 ina 1 kùš [mi-i]š-ḫu šá mu-še-ni-ti [u] ˹e!˺-pi-ri ina muḫ-ḫi-ia “I am responsible for a tract of 151 cubits of the dam, as well as for the earth-(work)” epēšu verb; 1. “perform, work, act, do (to someone)”, 2. “manufacture, make, build”, 3. “is, happen” (used a copula in the St.), 4. idiomatic use, 5. nenpušu “be done, be made” 1. a) “perform, work” (34 ats., 26 let.): 26:14 [m]im-ma ul ni-pu-uš “we cannot do a thing”; 30:12 lìb-bu-ú dul-lu šá ˹si˺-ki-ir šá ina qal-la u qal-la-ta ni-ip-pu-uš “we can do the work of the dam with (just) one slave and one slave-girl”; 40:10 ˹ni˺-pe-šú; 47:14 dulla-šú ina lìb-bi[li-pu]-uš; 48:6 dul-lula-ka ˹ep˺-[šá]; 50:17 dul-lu ina lìb-bi li-pu-uš-ú; 59:14; 60:15; 66:20; 70:7, 14, 16; 77:25; 79:10; 81:14; 86:27; 98:37; 115:27; 116:18; 125:42; 131:8; 138:15, 19; 172:30, 32; 173:16, 26; 175:8, 10, 13; 188:15; 194:34 ma-la ina bi-ib-lu lìb-bi-ka dul-la a-na lugal en-ka te-ep-pu-uš; Ap.B:9 dul-lu šá lugal ul ip-puuš “they do not (come and) perform the king’s work” b) “act, do (to someone)” (8 ats.): 29:14 mun.ḫi.a ép-pu-šak-ka; 51:5 ˹at-ta˺ lìb-buú PN la te-pu-uš-an-ni “don’t treat me as (you treat) PN”; 125:28; 134:8; 147:33; 174:20; 177:30; 202:22 a-ga-a lu-ú mun šá šešme-e-a ip-pu-šu-nu “let this be the way my brothers do what is right by me” 2. “manufacture, make, build” (4 ats., 3 let.): 42:9 kušši-pa-nu túg˹šír˺-a-amme ˹ù˺ kuš tar-ta-ta e-pu-uš “make a leather-šipānu, a coat and a leather-tartatu”; 42:12 kušši-pa-nu šá te-pu-uš “the leather-šipānu you make”; 77:28 ḫal-la-a-ta ina bu-un-ni-ia e-pu-uš; 170:16 ḫa-ṣa-ru e-te-pu-uš “I build the dates’ storage” 3. “is, happen” (2 ats.): 106:23 ki-i ú-sad-di-ru dib-bi a-ki-i šá ep-šu ina igi-šu ulte-nu “I took care (of it) and repeated the things, as they occurred, to him”; 121:30 u4-mu [mi]-nu-ú ki-i ep-šú [š]u-pur-am-ma “write, today, about all that is being done” 4. a) + → dīnu “settle/rule a legal case” (2 ats.): 184:23 di-i-nu-a it-ti-šú en li-puuš “you will be my judge; my lord should rule my sentence”; 185:12 PN1 šá ˹a-na˺ pa-ni šeš-iá ˹áš˺-pu-ru su-ud-dir-ma di-in-šú it-ti PN2 e-pu-uš “take care of PN1, whom I sent to you, and settle his legal dispute with PN2” b) + → nikkassu “settle an account” (6 ats., 5 let.): 26:16 nig.ka9 ep-šá-a-ma “settle the account”; 75:10 a-na-˹ku˺ i-de ˹šá˺ e-pu-uš níg.ka9 ˹it˺-ti-ku-nu ˹ia-a˺-nu “I do know that (at the moment) you don’t have accounts to settle”; 84:29, 32; 96:12; 98:24 ˹níg.ka9˺ šá dgašan šá unugki ˹ip-pu!-šú˺ 5. nenpušu “be done, be made” (4 ats.): 30:34 šá-al-šú-nu-tú ak-ka-ˀi-i ki-i dul-lu a-kan-na in-ni-ip-pu-uš “ask them how the work is being done here”; 69:20 in-né-ep-šu; 106:18; 115:21 dul-lu PN gab˺-bi ina lìb-bi lúḫun.gáme in-ni-íp-pu-uš “all the work of PN here is done by hired labourers” epinnu noun; “plough” 40:15 ˹engarmeš-ku˺-nu ina šuII lugal e-˹ṭè-ri˺-ˀi! “your ploughs are paid by the crown”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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Glossary

eqlu noun; “field, land (for agricultural use)” (10 ats., 5 let.) 31:15, 21, 37; 70:11, 26; 71:23 a.šà; 150:14 a.šàmeš šá dgašan šá unugki; 174:4, 9, 11 a.šà erēbu verb; 1. “enter, brought in”, 2. šūrubu “bring in, provide” 1. a) “enter” (3 ats.): Pret. 3.Sg.m.: 194:11 u4-mu šá lúa.kin i-ru-[bu-ma] en la imu-ru; Perf. 3.Sg.m.: 93:6 i-te-rib; Imp.: 83:14 e-ru-ub b) in the Prec. “brought in” (3 ats., 2 let.): 130:16 gu4 a4 a-na é ú-re-e li-ri-bu-ma “the ox should be entered into the fattening stable”; 171:15, 26 li-ru-ub 2. šūrubu “bring in, provide” (4 ats.): 25:22 ul-te-rib-an-ni “he provided me with”; 78:32 šu-ri-ib; 134:23 15 a-na GN šu-ri-ba-ˀa “bring them to GN”; 196:27 ul-tir-ri-bi-šú erēšu A verb; “cultivate” (3 ats., 2 let.) 13:20, 22 šá šad-da-qàd te-ri-šú ù šá šá-lu-šá-ni te-ri-šú mam-ma ši-ib-šú ul id-dini “no one paid the rent for what you cultivated the year before, as well as two years ago”; 123:24 [še].numun ina lìb-bi [l]i-ri-šu “(they should) cultivate the fields” erēšu B verb; “wish, ask for” (3 ats.) 14:26 šá lìb-ba-ka i-ri-šu d+en ˹li-di˺-is-su “may Bēl give (you) whatever your heart desires”; 16:9 ul e-re-ši; 43:26 ˹ul˺ kù.babbar ˹ul˺ kù.˹gi e-ri-iš-ka-áš-ši-im?˺-[ma]? “I wish of you neither silver nor gold” ērib bīti noun; “temple-enterer” (3 ats.) 67:9 lúku4 é šá dutu “temple-enterers of Šamaš”; 149:9(?)ḫa-ru-ú šu-ú šá lúku4!?-é!?; 159:33 lúku4.é errēšu noun; “sharecropper” (3 ats., 2 let.) 124:22 pe-e ki-i ni-iṣ-bat-ta lúa.kin šá PN ki-i iš-šu-u a-na er!(T.:ni)-re-še-e it-tadin “PN’s messenger took (water again and) gave it to the sharecroppers”; 177:10, 26 lúerre-še-e eriššī Adv.; “in nakedness” 141:35 érinm[e] e-ri-šá-ni-ia a-kan-na ma-˹ˀa˺-du-˹tú?˺ “many of my men are naked here” eršu noun; “bed” 147:20 gišer-ši esēru verb; “collect (payments)” (2 ats.) 47:7 lúérinmeš a-na ṣi-re-e in-da-lu-ú šá kù.babbar is-si!(T.:su)-ru-nu-nim-ma a-na PN i-nam-din-nu-ˀu “the men are fed up with having to collect silver and give (it) to PN”; 201:15 ur5.ra šá gibu-ra-né-e 1+en lú ina ku-tal-li-ka is-si-ir “someone else will extract the interest for the reed mats in your place” eṣpu Adj.; “double” 140:7 [1 ši]-mat kuš tab.ba ṣar-pu “[one] branded double-(size) red hide” eššu Adj.; “new” 207:11 gišle-u5-um eš-šú “the new writing board”

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

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etēqu verb; 1. “pass through, pass by, pass to”, 2. šūtuqu “bring over, pass (thorough costume)”, 3. šūtuqu “allow time to pass, stall” 1. (5 ats.): 27:6 dib-bu šá PN it-te-eq!-ku-nu-šú “the order (regarding) PN is (hereby) passed to you”; 49:21 ki-i šá a-na a-kan-na i-te-˹et˺-qu-ni; 100:8 anše … é PN ul i-ti-iq “the donkey … did not make it (to) the house of PN”; 112:22 a-di pa-ni PN la tete-eq “you should not ignore PN”; in idiomatic use + → šāru: 116:17 it-ti šá-a-˹ri i˺-ti-iq “let it pass” 2. šūtuqu “bring over, pass (thorough costume)” (3 ats.): 19:6 mi-nam-ma tu-še-ette-qu; 98:25 šá a-˹di!?˺ la [ú]-˹še? ˺-ti-qu; 188:7 [še].bar a4 šá PN iš-šu-ú gab-bi it-ti šá-aš[ú] ul--ti-iq “PN transferred with him (through the port) all the barley he had taken” 3. šūtuqu “stall” (2 ats.): 32:22 PN la tu-še-tíq-˹šú˺; 126:21 la tu-še-ti-iq-šú “don’t stall him” eṭēru verb; “pay” (8 ats.) 25:27 dumu lútin.tir˹ki lu*˺-ṭir “so I may pay the Babylonian”; 40:16 ˹engarmeš-ku˺nu ina šuII lugal e-˹ṭè-ri˺-ˀi!; 51:20 li-ṭe-er; 76:26; 115:10 e-te-ṭir; 146:16’ eṭ-ru-[ˀu] “(the food-rations) are paid”; 159:8 gab-bi te-eṭ-ṭer-an-ni “you shall pay me all (the silver)”; 173:24 ni-is-ḫi šá pir-ki it-tan--ḫa-nu ni-is-ḫi-šú-nu e-ṭir-ˀa “(re)pay those deductions that were done fraudulently”

–G– gabbu noun; “all, total, whole” 1. status absolutus: a) for people (3 ats., 2 let.): 73:20 a-gur-ru u [te-e]r-si-tú šá gab-bi taq-te-ri-ib “the baked-bricks and supplies of everyone (else) have arrived”; 127:26, 33 a-mur gab-bi i-ḫal-li-˹qu˺ “you will see, they will all flee” b) for goods and abstracts (6 ats.): 42:15 [gab]-bi ḫu-up-pu ù ḫa-an-ṭiš šu-bi-la “wash it all and quickly deliver (it)”; 46:23; 47:12 gab-bi a-na PN[i]-din-ma; 71:7; 122:12; 159:36 at-ta gab-bi tu-ud-da-a “you do know all of this” 2. apposition: a) for people (12 ats., 9 let.): 30:20, 25, 30; 31:23 lúab.bameš gab-bi idu-ú “all the elders know (that)”; 39:20 lúa.kinmeš gab-bi; 58:18; 74:15; 84:38; 154:6, 11; 166:41; Ap.B:25 lúš[i]-ra-ku gab-bi bi-ru-ú “the serfs are all starving” b) for goods and abstracts (11 ats., 10 let.): 22:17 ˹lugal˺ it-ti tin.tirki gab-bi ḫa-niq; 47:18 at-ta 10 ma.na [1]5 ma.na kù.babbar ˹gab?˺-bi a-ki-i ˹ra˺-šu-tu šá lúšà.tam i-ši; 66:14; 106:20, 29; 148:22; 159:8; 162:9; 188:6; 194:29; 195:31 gabrû noun; “reply” (6 ats.) 28:35 gab-ri ši-pir-ti-iá ṭè-e-˹mu˺ u šu-lum šá šeš-iá lu-uš-me “let me hear a reply to my message with instructions, (and about the) well-being of my brother”; 111:23 gabri; 178:31 gaba.ri; 196:35; 199:20’; 202:23 gab-ri ši-pir-ti šá šešme-e-a lu-mur “let me see my brothers’ reply” gammidatu noun; a type of garment (3 ats.) 43:31 ˹túg˺gam-mid-da-a-ta šá síkta-bar-ri ˹eb!-bi-ti˺ ṣu-pa-a-ta “gammidatugarments of red, clean, and combed wool”; 156:10 túggam-mi-da-tu4; 186:14 túggam-mi-dati gamru Adj.; “all, complete” (2 ats.) 125:37 gamam-ma-[ru]-ma “(all is) complete”; 180:25 šá šad-da-qad u šá-lu-uš-šánu ina igi-ka i-du-šú ˹gam-ri šu˺-pur-ma “send all that was threshed before you during last year and the year before”

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gariṣtu noun; “loaf (of brad)” 156:22 ga-ri-ṣa-tu4 gaṣṣatu noun; “firewood” (2 ats., 1 let.) 146:18’, 24’ gišga-aṣ-ṣa-a-ta gazāzu verb; “shear” 103:9 it-ti PN a-lik-ma ṣe-e-nu-ia ˹mi˺-si ù gu-zu-uz “go with PN, wash and shear my sheep and goats” GI-BI: → unclear gīdu noun; “sinew” 68:21 gi-da-a-ta “sinews” ginnu → kaspu ša ginni ginû → rēˀi ginê (rēˀû 2) girû noun; (weight measure ≈ 0.345 g) “1⁄24 of a shekel” 47:9 gi-ru-ú kù.babbar “1⁄24 shekel of silver” gišimmaru noun; “date palm” 125:6 ˹gišgišimmar?˺ “date palms” gizzu noun; “shearing” (3 ats., 2 let.) 57:15 gi-iz-zu; 57:20 ˹gi-iz˺-za-nu; 212:24’ ul-tu a-na gi-iz-zi al-li-ku “since I went to the shearing” gūdu noun; “leather bottle” 53:9 kušgu-da-nu “leather bottles” gulēnu noun; a type of coat (2 ats.) 77:34 túggu!(T. gi)-la-nu; 156:6 túggu-li-né-e “gulēnu-coats” gullubūtu noun; “barber service” 47:10 gi-ru-ú kù.babbar ina pap-pa-su šá lúgul-lu-bu-tu a-na mam-ma la ta-namdin “don’t give (even) 1⁄24 shekel of silver of the prebendary payments for the barber service to anyone (else)” gumāḫu noun; a type of ox (3 ats., 2 let.) 137:9 gu4.m[aḫ*]; 153:3, 11 gu4.˹maḫ˺.ḫi.a “gumāḫu-oxen” gušūru noun; “(wood) beam” 171:8 gi˹meš u giš˺gu-šu-ur “reeds and beams”

–Ḫ– ḫabālu A verb; “do wrong, steal” 43:12 ki-i il-˹li-ku ḫa˺-bil “they came and they/it were/was stolen” (broken context)

© 2018, Zaphon, Münster ISBN 978-3-96327-006-2 (Buch) / ISBN 978-3-96327-007-9 (E-Book)

–Ḫ–

527

ḫabālu B noun; “damage, act of violence” 117:22 ḫa-ba-lu-ú ˹ina é˺ [dingir] el?-lu “damage is going to be done to the te[mple]” ḫalāqu verb; 1. “escape, flee”, 2. “be lost”, 3. “perish” (as hyperbolic speech in the context of hard work) 1. “escape, flee” (10 ats., 9 let.): 6:7 ˹iḫ?-liq?-(x)˺; 7:15 ina ugu-šu-nu ki-i iš-ku-nu a-kan-na-ka iḫ˺-te-liq-qú-nu “when they (tried to) recover that debt from them (they) fled there (to you)”; 30:21 gab-bi ˹šá˺ a-kan-na iḫ-te-liq; 74:16 iḫ-te-li-iq; 94:34 ina šuII-šú ḫal-qu; 100:16; 127:27, 33; 184:16; 201:9 érinmeš šá iš-šu!(T.:ma)-ma!(T.:šu) iḫ°ḫi