ABC etymological dictionary of old chinese 9780824829759, 0824829751
This is the first genuine etymological dictionary of Old Chinese written in any language. As such, it constitutes a mile
664 136 31MB
English Pages XX-656 p.; 26 cm [679] Year 2007
Table of contents :
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Arrangement of the Dictionary......Page 16
Symbols and Abbreviations......Page 18
Old Chinese and its Linguistic Neighbors......Page 22
Chinese and Sino-Tibetan......Page 23
Tai-Kadai, Kam-Tai......Page 24
Vietnamese......Page 25
Summary......Page 26
Old Chinese Dialects......Page 27
The Study of Old Chinese etymology......Page 28
Approaches to word families and cognates......Page 29
Identification of cognates......Page 30
The Present Approach......Page 31
Word class......Page 33
Types of derivations and allofams......Page 35
The nature of Sino-Tibetan affixation......Page 36
Sino-Tibetan morphemes......Page 37
Suffixes in Old Chinese......Page 38
Sino-Tibetan prefixes in Old Chinese......Page 39
Infixation......Page 40
Parallel stems of 'swell'......Page 41
Austroasiatic infixes in Old Chinese......Page 43
Austroasiatic word families in Old Chinese......Page 44
Expressive, reduplication......Page 45
Backformation, re-cutting......Page 46
Convergence......Page 47
Semantic extension......Page 48
Middle Chinese tone A......Page 50
Tone B from Sino-Tibetan *-?......Page 51
Tone B from Tibeto-Burman final *-k......Page 52
Tone B for foreign final -rj......Page 53
Tone B (1): terms for body parts and humans......Page 54
Tone B (3): independent pronouns......Page 55
Middle Chinese tone C......Page 56
Tone C: Later OC general purpose morpheme......Page 57
Direction and diathesis......Page 59
Direction and diathesis in Old Chinese......Page 61
Tone C: two morphological functions......Page 62
Tone C (1): exoactive derivation......Page 63
Tone C: exoactive - extrovert, ditransitive......Page 64
Tone C: exoactive - transitive, causative / putative......Page 65
Tone C (2): exopassive derivation......Page 66
Tone B: endoactive derivation......Page 67
Voicing of the initial consonant: endopassive derivation......Page 69
Residue......Page 71
Devoicing of ST initial *z -> MC s......Page 72
Causative s-prefix > MC voiceless initial......Page 73
Iterative s-prefix > MC s-, s-, voiceless initial......Page 74
Nouns with *s > MC s- voiceless initial......Page 75
Devoicing and PTB *r......Page 76
Other sources of devoicing......Page 77
MC initial x- from voiceless acute initials......Page 78
MC aspiration: loss of ST pre-initial......Page 79
MC aspiration: iterative......Page 80
Aspiration: outward and / or forceful motion......Page 81
MC tsh from *k-s- and *s-?......Page 82
MC tshj- from OC clusters *k-hl......Page 83
MK c, j - MC retroflex affricates......Page 84
MK c, j = MC tsj, tj - etc. from OC *t(r)j-......Page 85
rj (w) ~~ nw-......Page 86
Chinese m- for TB and foreign b-......Page 87
Austroasiatic nasal infix......Page 88
Final *-k......Page 89
k-extension......Page 90
Nouns with final -t......Page 91
Final -in / -it......Page 93
Nominalizing suffix -rj......Page 95
Final -n with verbs......Page 96
Final -rj and open syllables......Page 97
Dissimilation with labial finals -p / -m......Page 98
OC final -i......Page 99
Absence of final consonant after long vowel......Page 100
MC initial l-......Page 101
MC initial dj- and tj-......Page 102
MC div. II, chongniu div. III, and OC medial *-r-......Page 103
MC I- (OC *r-) = foreign I......Page 104
OC medial *r and TB prefixes......Page 105
MC -n = foreign -r......Page 106
Foreign final r = open syllable......Page 107
MC d- and dj-, thj- from OC L-series......Page 109
MC dzj- (LHan z-) from OC *ml-......Page 110
Pre-initial *m- in GSR 413......Page 111
MC t- from foreign clusters with l......Page 112
ST and foreign final -l in OC......Page 113
The MC divisions and media j......Page 115
Sources of MC div. II......Page 116
Initial j- in OC......Page 117
MC initial j- ~l- from OC *r-j-......Page 118
MC zj- (LHan dz-) from ST initial *j......Page 119
MC zj- with OC *j......Page 120
Loss of ST and foreign medial -w- in Chinese......Page 121
ST *-wa in OC......Page 122
WT o for PTB *a......Page 123
OC *a alternating with *-e/*-i......Page 124
Variants *-a ~ *o......Page 125
OC = PTB *i......Page 126
OC *e = foreign ia / ja......Page 127
OC *-e for foreign *i......Page 128
OC *-i......Page 129
OC *i for AA *a......Page 130
OC......Page 131
OC in closed syllables......Page 132
OC *o......Page 133
OC *o corresponding to ST *-u > PTB *-u......Page 134
OC *u......Page 135
Labial dissimilation......Page 136
Labial dissimilation with open / velar final syllables......Page 137
Exceptional correspondences......Page 138
OC *-au, *-auk......Page 139
Chinese (CH)......Page 140
Later Han Chinese......Page 141
Minimal Old Chinese (OCM)......Page 142
Chinese dealects (=Sinitic languages)......Page 146
Lushai......Page 147
Tebeto-Burman (TB)......Page 149
Written Tibetan (WT)......Page 150
Appendix A: Languages and language families in East Asia......Page 152
Appendix B: Alphabetic list of frequently cited languages......Page 155
Appendix C: Text sources for earliest occurrences......Page 157
References......Page 159
Dictionary A-Z......Page 170
English Index......Page 660
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