A terminal course in English communications for seniors

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A TERMINAL COURSE IN ENGLISH COMMUNICATIONS FOR SENIORS

A Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

by Jack Henry Branham February 1950

UMI Number: EP46204

All rights reserved INFO RM A TIO N TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

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Proj

T h is project report, w ritten under the direction of the candidate’s adviser and ap p ro ved by h im , has been presented to and accepted by the F a c u lty o f the School of Ed u catio n in p a r t ia l fu lf illm e n t of the requirements f o r the degree of M a s t e r of Science in Education.

Date

..........................

A d v is e r

Dean

ii

TABLE OP CONTENTS PAGE

CHAPTER PART I. SOCIALIZATION HOW TO CORRESPOND WITH OTHERS 1.

HOW TO WRITE SOCIAL CORRESPONDENCE . .............. 3

2.

HOW TO EXPRESS SYMPATHY TO THOSE WHO NEED A FRIEND

. 1$

3.

HOW TO WRITE BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE........... .

. 23

PART II.

CREATION

HOW TO WRITE FOR RECREATION If.

HOW TO WRITE THOUGHTS FOR FUN

5.

HOW-TO USE YOUR IMAGINATION , PART III.

.............. 3if . . . . . . . . . . .

IfO

CEREBRATION

HOW TO UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU READ 6.

HOW TO TAKE USEFUL NOTES ON YOUR R E A D I N G ..........if8

7.

HOW TO CONTROL P R O P A G A N D A ..........................£5 PART IV.

PRESENTATION

HOW TO CONDUCT INTERVIEWS WITH FRIENDS 8.

HOW TO WIN AN A R G U M E N T .............................66

9.

HOW TO TALK TO FRIENDS

..................... 73

APPENDIX: I*

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Reference shelf for communication . * 8l

II. RECREATIONAL READING:

Books to read for fun.

...

83

ill

LIST OP FIGURES F33GURE

PAGE

1.

GET A CORRESPONDENCE CORNER L ..................

2.

USE INFORMAL FORMAT . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.

USE CORRECT NOTE FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

4.

ANSWER PROMPTLY . . * ........ . . . . . . . . . .

8

5.

MAKE THE GIFT A P P R O P R I A T E ........................l4

6.

SEE THE HEAD MAN ............

2 .

5

22

7.

BE SPECIFIC WHEN O R D E R I N G ...................

. . .

25

8.

PAY BILLS BY M A I L ............................... . .

26

9.

THINK, THEN WRITE IT.............................. 33

10.

GET ACTION IN YOUR WRITING.............. ......

11.

GET THE IDEA ON PAPER . ’.......................... i}-7

12.

ATTACK PROPAGANDA AT THE S O U R C E ........ ..........

13.

MAKE YOUR POINT FORCEFULLY........................65

14.

INVITE A FRIEND TO HAVE A "COKE"................. 72

39

54

iv PREFACE During the Summer Session of 19^4-9 the author taught a clgss in Senior English at Manual Arts High School as a \

second semester assignment in directed teaching.

The lack

of planned materials for such a course was appalling.

A

quick survey of the class 'Showed that .students required a combined course, one that would be useful both to college preparatory and to non college students*

Both classes of

students wanted a practical course. This-project is an outgrowth of that experience* Material was gathered from students at random, class­ mates in the Master’s Project Seminar, and from other in­ dividuals.

The question was asked, "If you had the chance

to take a final course in English Communications, what would be useful to you?

What would you want to be included in such

a course?" Since most of the answers to the above questions were of a functional or semi-functional nature an attempt has been made to prepare an English course that is functional. This work is intended wherever a complete survey of the English Communications field is applicable.

It is intended

for both college and non-college high school students*

Much

of the material is conventional in nature, but has been functionalized.

Material was prepared by the "Difficulty

Analysis" technique*

Material from the institute for Propaganda Analysis* The Pine Art of propaganda, Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, 1939, was used for the chapter on propaganda. Illustrations were prepared by James S. Branham,

1

PART I.

SOCIALIZATION

HOW TO CORRESPOND WITH OTHERS No individual can be better than the impression he makes .on other people.

Your personality is what you are in the

eyes of the society around you.

To make a good impression

on others you must be able to correspond with them. be able to meet the requirements of social living. be able to icrite to them.

You must You must

You must be able to write to your

friends and answer the letters you get from your friends. You must be able to arrange a business correspondence to pre­ vent the loss of money*

In short, you must be able to write

the letters required of a member of our society. chapters will aid you in doing this.

The following

GET A CORRESPONDENCE CORNER

CHAPTER 1 HOW TO WRITE SOCIAL CORRESP ONDENCE A.

MOTIVATION:

Personal gains you can expect from being

able to write correct social correspondence. 1.

GAIN PRESTIGE:

The person who keeps up \?ith his

social obligations 'is thought well bred and is considered a person worth knowing. 2.

KEEP FRIENDS:

One sure way of losing friends and

making people dislike you is to ignore your social correspondence. 3*

HAVE PUN:

If you know how to write and answer

social correspondence you will receive invitations to parties and to group get to gethers. B.

DIRECTIONS:

Methods of perfecting your technique in

social writing. 1.

GRATITUDE:

How to write a thank you letter.

a.

Use a good grade of writing paper.

b.

Write your letter with ]ben and ink.

c.

Do NOT use printed thank you cards.

d.

Say exactly for what you are giving thanks. {1)

Describe in detail, for example,

"Thank

you for the beautiful bouquet of American Beauty Roses.

They helped no end in

relieving me of my sorrow for my lost appendix."

4 (2)

Mention .why you are grateful.

e.

Be sincere in writing thank you letters.

f.

Follow.an informal.style in writing.thank you letters*.

2.

(See example on next page.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: How to write a thank.you note. a.

Use thank you notes ONLY when to use letters would he Imprac ti cal•

b.

Purchase a good grade of note paper.

c.

Write your-letter with pen and ink.

d.

Do not use printed, thank you cards.

e.

Make your note short and to the point.

f.

(1)

Tell what you are giving thanks for.

(2)

Tell why you were grateful.

Don* t be "gusfaj*1 over the receipt of a dime store gift.

g.

Decide on a formula for your notes and use the same for each.

h.

Use the thank you letter for "special" people instead of trying to make

i.

the note personal.

Follow theform.shown on page 5 of

this, syllabus-

in writing your thank you notes. 5.

ACCEPTANCES

How to tell your

host you will attend-

a formal function. a.

Do not fail to accept or reject any formal invi tation.

5 20 Los Angeles River Los Angeles 1009, Calif. February 30, 1950 Dear Joe, I received your welcome gift of a large silzed erector set right after my accident. bed and look longingly at it.

I sit here in

Can’t wait until my

broken fingers heal to start building bridges and cranes. The doctor tells me it is one of the best things I could use to get the stiffness out of m y fingers after the splints come off.

He calls it "occu­

pational therapy" but I call it fun. 1 S hope you will break your leg sometime this summer so I can reciprocate by sending you a pair of skis*

Sincerely, Morton Skeborton

Figure 2 USE INFORMAL FORMAT

6

001 Gotrocks Hoad Los Angeles, Calif* May 1, 19^9 Dear Mrs* Brown, Thank you so much for your lovely gift of a Cadillac roadster* It was just what we needed for use as a toim car* Sincerely, Mrs* A. Moneybags The Note

001 Gotrocks Road Los Angeles, Calif.

Mrs* A, Brown 21 Fleet Street Los .Angeles, Calif*

The Envelope

Figure 3 USE CORRECT NOTE FORM

(1)

Hot to answer a formal invitation, is.an unforglveable breach of* ;etiquette;,

(2) b,

If you, can*t attend, explain why,

Be sincere in accepting or refusing invitations to formal functions,

c.

See page 8 of this syllabus;for proper form of answering a formal invitation,

RECOG-NITIOHs

How to write an acceptance to an. informal

invitation, a.

Write all acceptance notes on a good grade of note paper,

b.

Use notes to accept an informal invitation only, when the invitation: is written or when you are unable to contact the host in person or; by telephone,

c.

Follow up personal or telephone acceptance of written invitations with a note of acceptance,.

d.

Use the form.shown on pagee 6 for writing acceptance notes for informal invitations,

e.

Write your note with pen and ink.

f.

Do not use printed cards,

g.

Always be polite in accepting or reMeeting informal invitations,

h.

Be sincere and truthful in accepting or rejecting invitations.

i.

Double checifcc time and place before accepting a n informal invitatiom

8 502 Main Street Los Angeles. Calif. June 30, 1949 Dear Mrs. Scott, I received your kind invitation to attend the wedding ceremony of your daughter Mary at ten o ’clock in the morning of July twentyseventh in Rescue Mission chapel. . I will be happy to attend the ceremony and reception* Sincerely, M rs. Sparkle Plenty Acceptance 5>02 Main Street Los Angeles. Calif. June 30, 1949 Dear Mrs. Scott, I received your kind invitation to attend the wedding ceremony of your daughter Mary at ten o ’clock in the morning of July twentyseventh in Rescue Mission chapel. I sincerely regret that I will not be able to attend as I have been called for jury duty on that date. Sincerely, Mrs• Sparkle Plenty Rejection Figure Ij. ANSWER PROMPTLY

PRESENTATION: a*

How to Introduce a friend*

Be sure your friends have something, in common, before giving a letter of introduction*

b*

Point out the accomplishments of the friend^ you are introducing*

c.

Tell.why you think your friends-will-like each.other.

d*

Be sure you are sincere i m m a k i n g the intro­ duction* (1 )

boo

not introduce friends only because you

have something to gain/by doing so* (2),i Do not give introductions if one of the parties to the introduction; has. a profitmotive in mind* e.

Purchase a good, grade of writing paper*

f•

Use the appropriate form in writing letters of introduction* (1)

Use the business letter form for business acquaintances.

(2)

Use the informal type of letter for introducing non-business friends.

CQMMJHICATIONS

How to write an interesting letter,

to a friend. a.

Make a list, mentally or on paper, of. the things and people in which your friend is interested*

10 b.

Mention these things and people in your letter when you can.

c.

Add a touch of humor if possible.

d.

Tell your ideas in your own words*

(See chapter

4 of this syllabus.) e*

Use a typewriter for longer letters if y o u r penmanship. is poor*

f.

Write shorter more personal notes with pen and ink.

g*

Buy a good grade of open stock paper*

h*

If you have your troubles.in remembering what was said in previous letters,, keep a carbon copy for reference purposes*

i*

Establish a live: and dead letter file. (1)

Answer all letters I n t h e live letter file as scorn as possible*

(2).

Keep a permanent file; of all interesting, letters which

G.

you receive*

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:: Ways of improving your ability to correspond socially* 1.

SURVEY:

Make a list of social correspondence which

you must write; i n the next two weeks.

Indicate

after each name exactly what type of letter you should write*

11 2.

DECIDE:

Pick one of the following types of

correspondence.

3.

Write your letter and mail

(1)

Thank you letter.

(2):

Thank you note.

(3)

Formal acceptance or refusal.

(4)

Informal acceptance or refusal.

(5)

Letter of introduction.

(6)

Friendly news letter.

IUSFER:

Go to the library.

social correspondence.

social it:

Select an article on

Outline it and make a

report to the class=. 4.

DRAMATIZE:

Make your correspondence live by telling

a friend about:

5r

(1)

A trip you have taken.

(2)

A movie you have seen.

(3)

A.;book you have enjoyed.

(4)

A .thrilling experience.

AID:

Help-others by making a list of good brands of

writing paper to buy. P.

EVALUATION:

Check ups to use in .judging your ability

to write social correspondence. TRUE-FALSE:

Place an X in:the correct space for

true oi* false. T F a. ( )( ) Since typewriting is.faster, you should always type any correspondence.

T F b.

( )( )

You can. save time by using printed; thank you cards.*

c.

()(

) You should,;always write thank you letters with pen and ink.

d.

( )(

) All writing is final.

Therefore, you

should use a formal style in all of your writing* e.

()(.).

f.

( )(

Humor has no place, i m your correspondence. ) You should accept or reject all formal invitations*-

g.

( )(

) If-you do not want to go to a party, you you should make up. a good.excuse for not. attending.

h.

( )(

) Pen.and ink. is the proper thing to use for all thank you and acceptance notes.

i.

( )(

) You may sacrifice, sincerity if. the occasion .demands •

( )( )

You should HOT try to imitate letters writteni by other people*

COOPERATION*

Write an item of social correspondence

of your own choice. Exchange papers*

You will have l/2ihour to do this.

Read your, neighbors* papers, and-give

constructive; suggestions^on a separate sheet of paper; Rules for judgement will be: found; in the directions sections of this chapter.

13. 3*

CORRECT ENGLISH;

Exchange papers again*

Check

papers for mistakes in:.English usage and. for misspelled words.

Use a dictionary and a form

hook when in; doubt* 4*

IMPROVEMENT!: Make a list of.mistakes in1your returned paper* (1) ) M l

words which you. misspelled*

iniaagpod.dictionary.

Look: them-up:*

Write them down.

Check

them. (2)

MILmistakes in English usage. in a form hook.

Look them up:

Correct thesermistakes.

Write

the rule after the correction* (3)

Make a list of things you think you should-, memorize ini this chapter.

MAKS THE GIFT APPROPRIATE

CHAPTER 2 HOW TO EXPRESS SYMPATHY TO THOSE WHO NEED A FRIEND A.

-MOTIVATION:

Gains you can, expect to get by being

sympathetic at the proper time. I*

APPROVAL OF FRIENDS:

People who are in need of

sympathy will remember the ones who gave it w> them and will count you as a.real friend, 2.

SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE:

You will he thought well bred

and good mannered if you follow the dictates of society in regard to letters of sympathy and thank you notes. 3.

PERSONAL PRIDE:

When you lend .a helping hand to a

person in a difficult situation it makes.you feel, better yourself*

You think, "I'm really a good

person*" B.

DIRECTIONS:

Ways of helping others by using pen, ink

and paper. 1*. ILLNESS:

How to write a letter to a friend who is

sick in bed* a*

Tell about his other friends.

b*

Think of the things he would be doing, if

he were

not ill, and mention them, c*

Remember

the

happenings, in school-and out,

which would be news to him* d.

Write in

a light, humorous vein*

e,

Say things which will cheer him up;,

f.

Avoid unpleasant subjects such a s w h o ' s dating, his girl friend while he is ill,

g.

Be sincere in wishing him a speedy recovery.

h.

Use an informal style for your letter.

(See

Chapter 1.) i.

Avoid stiffness and formality.

,j»

Use a conversational tone in your letter. (1)

Talk to him.

Just because it is a letter

is no reason:to change your method of expressing yourself. (2)

Use the same language you would use if you were seeing the friend face to face or talking to him on the telephone.

BEBEAVEMEMTs

How to write a letter of sympathy to aa

friend who has. lost a loved one. a.

Be reserved.

b.

Maintain: a sincere attitude.

c.

Use caution: or you will be in danger of being maudlin.

d.

Don't cry for him.

He'll do his own weeping,

e.

Praise the dead for their accomplishments, their personality, their, greatness. of these qualities.

Everyone has some

f•

Recall incidents when the dead showed his friendship to you.

g.

Use the informal type of letter for letters of sympathy of this kind.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

(See Chapter 1.)

How.to write a thank.you letter

for flowers received while in the hospital. a.

Keep) a list of gifts received.

b.

Keep all letters received. Answer alli-letters.

d.

Be sure to write a thank you note or letter for all gifts received.

e.

Mention the gift specifically. "Thank you for the

f.

For example:

lovely salmon colored, roses.

Avoid generalities such as, "Thank you for the flowers.

I .liked them."/'

g*

Use a good open stock pap^r for longer letters,

h*

Buy a good grade of note paper for shorter notes ■i

i.

*

Check a book on e t i q u e t t e if you are in doubt on any points;.

4*

Use informal,forma,It in writing the letter. (See Chapter 1.)

RECOGNITION:

How to write a thank you letter for

sympathy given during bereavement, a.

Keep a list of gifts of flowers^ and floral pieces*

18 b.

Do not destroy letters of sympathy,

c*

Write thank you letters for all flowers.

d»

Answer all letters of sympathy*

e.

Express your gratitude for a friendly, gesture when you needed it.

C.

f.

Describe the flowers you are giving thanks

g.

Tell of your future plans.

for*

h.

If a close friend, invite him over for a talk.

1.

Use regular letter paper for longer letters*

j*

Use a good grade note paper for shorter notes*

k*

Always use pen and ink*

1.

Do NOT use a typewriter*

m.

Make notes personal when possible*

n.

Do NOT send commercial thank you cards,

o*

Do NOT place a thank.you add in the newspaper.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS i

Pro.iects to help master the

techniques of writing letters of sympathy. 1.

PRACTICAL MODELS8

Check with your parents and

relations for situations in which letters of symp­ athy were needed*

See- if you can find some actual

samples of the letters sent.

Bring them to school

and read them to the elass. 2.

IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCE!

Write and. send letters of

sympathy to members of the class who are absent because of illness*

19 3.

ADDED PRACTICE; activities,.

Select one of the following

Prepare a paper to be turned in which

will accomplish one of these activities. (1)

Write a letter to a sick friend.

(2)

Write a letter to a friend who has lost a loved one.

(3)

Write a thank you letter for a gift received while sick in bed.

(4)

Write a ;thank.you letter for sympathy received during bereavement.

D.

EVALUATION;

Aids to help>you decide how well you have

learned the material in this chapter. 1.

TRUE-FALSE;

Place an XLin the correct space for

true or false. T F a. ( )( ) You should tell a sick friend all the b.

( )( )

news.

You should make your letters of sympathy as funny as you can to cheer up the other person.

o.

( )( )

You should be careful as to what you tell a a i c k friend.

d.

( )( )

You should tell a person who has lost &>■ loved one how much you pity him.

e.

( )( )

You should praise the dead for their greatness, their accomplishments,,their/ personality•

T P f.

(.)(.)

Since death. Is a formal occasion, you should use a formal format in writings letters of sympathy.

g.

C )(

) You should for a gift

h.

( )(

be specific-in giving thanks received while ill.

) You should use regular letter paper for writing all thank you notes.

i.

( )( )

Since sickness is the most informal of. occasions, you -should use the informal format for writing letters of sympathy to a sick friend,

j.

( )(

) You must' be formal in writing all thank you Qotes because this is a. social function and it is only polite to be formal.

COOPERATIOH:

Exchange papers prepared for.item

3 of the activity section. paper for correct form:.

Check your neighbor’s

Make comments on a sep­

arate slip as to.ways you think the letter might be improved. CORRECT ENGLISH*

Exchange papers once more.

Check

your neighbor's paper for mistakes in l&aglish usage and for misspelled*words. IMPROVEMENT:

Make a list from your returned paper

411 words which you ■misspelled* List correct dictionary spelling and l e a r n t o spell them correctly* 411 mistakes in English usage;

Correct these

mistakes* 411 things which you helieve should he memori zed in thi s ,chapter*

22

'&*■/wmittUtt.:: 7?t\ 'mu,ill '/*•'* *''•'

fttjMttoitswfm

Figure 6 SEE THE HEAD MAH

CHAPTERS HOW TO WRITE BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE A.

MOTIVATION:

Gains to be made by being able to write

good business letters. 1.

SAVE MONEY*

You can take advantage of sales by

ordering merchandise by> mail.

Many times the mail

order store can give you the same merchandise as. the hig department stores at a reduced price by eliminating extra,expenses. 2.

CORRECT MISTAKES*

You can get a.satisfactory ad­

justment of your bill for goods if you know how to tell the dealer exactly what mistake was made. 3.

GET PROMPT SERVICE*

If your letter Is clear in

meaning and written in a correct business form, the person who will receive your letter will think you a "big shot’* and will give your letter special consideration* B.

DIRECTIONS*

Methods of conducting your every day

business by mail. 1.

EXCHANGE DAY* a.

How to pay a bill.

Set up a debit and credit file of bills you have paid and bills you have yet to pay.

b.

Pay bills on time if possible.

c.

Don't ignore bills. (l)

I f y o u cannot-pay* write a letter explaining,

(2)

Tell when you will be able to pay the bill*

(3)

Keep.)your credit rating good at all times*

HAPPY DAYS a*

How to order merchandise.

Use the order.fora printed.by the store if you have one available.

b.

Decide the following before filling in the order forms (1)

3i*e of item wanted.

(2)

Color of item wanted.

(3)

Alternate color of item wanted.

(4)

Quantity of item wanted.

(5)

Exact name of item wanted.

(6)

Total price of order.

(7)

Correct sales tax for order.

c.

Fill in name and address.in block printing.

d.

Tell whether you are paying by check, ,money order or postal note.

e.

Paste order blank on full sized sheet of paper if it is small.

f.

Use printed return envelopes whenever they are available.

g.

aegister any purchase over ten dollars.

h.

Use the business letter form shown on the next page for orders.where you do not have the official order form.

25

February 30# 1950

Your Name Address City and State

Name of Store Address of Store City and State of Store Dear Sirs* Please send me the following merchandise: 1*

One dozen white handkerchiefs as advertised in your pre sale bulletin at 3 for 25^*

2.

One 3 pound box of nails at 2 pounds for 20$/*

3*

One tin of crow feathers as advertised at 2 for lo f i

Enclosed find $1*35 money order (#2323ij-) in payment#

Sincerely yours, John Q. Public Enel:

M*0. #2323i(. Figure 7 BE SPECIFIC WHEN ORDERING

26

Date.

Your Name. Address. City and State.

Name of Store* Address of Store. City and State of Store. Gentlemen: Enclosed please find flO.OO in payment of my bill #323232.

I have enclosed statement for my account

#000000*

Please send receipted statment to above

address.

Sincerely yours, John Q. Public

Enel:

M.O. #13£l9« Statement #323232. Figure 8 PAY BILLS BY MAIL

FIXI1 DAY:

How to get an adjustment on merchandise*

a.

Maintain a statement file*

h*

Consult original statement or cash receipt.

c.

State exactly what overcharge was made or what mistake was made in hilling*

d*

Don't get rough, you'll he last in line to get your adjustment if you do*

e*

If it is your fault that a mistake was made, admit it*

f*

Be cheerful at all times;

it takes.time to get

corrections on the hooks in a l a r g e store. g.

Extend courtesy at all times;. you'll get a bigger pay off. in the end*

UNHAPPY DAY:

How to complain -about the quality off

goods or service* a*

Inspect the goods you have for quality*

h.

Check a perfect sample at the store to see exactly where the defect-lies*

c*

Be certain you are correct before you lodge a complaint*

d.

Give a complete description of the item on which a:complaint is being made.

e*

State exactly why you believe the item to he defective*

f*

Use business letter form shown in previous, illustrations*

g.

Be polite at all times in your correspondence*

h*

Type all business letters if possible.

1*. State in your letter exactly what adjustments your problem calls-for*

J*

(1)

Credit on y o u r .account•

(2)

A m perfect item of the same kind-and-size.

After adjustment is made,_write a thank you note acknowledging^the adjustment*

AUDIT DAls ; How to correct aamistake in a bill* a.

Maintain accredit and debit file.

b.

Keep allipurchase receipts until the bill hasbeen paid.

c.

Be sure you are right in your computation*

d.

Add correct saless tax*

S.

M e n t i o m b o t h overcharge and undercharge.

f.

Explain the mistake in simple language.

g.

Ask, as politely as you can, to have the cor­ rection made and a corrected statement mailed to your address*

h*

Use the correct business form in writing the letter.

1.

Pay the corrected bill as soon as you receive

29 C.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

Things to do to perfect your

ability to write business correspondence* 1,

AT

HOME: Ask your father to let you help

him with

the business correspondence of your family for this month*

With his supervisions write all-letters-and

prepare all-payments due*

(If-your mother controls

the purse, ask dad anyhow*

It will make him feel

better*) 2.

AT

SCHOOL:

Bring a¬ebook illustrating the types

of business correspondence written in your home. Use old bills,;sample checks-and sample letters-to illustrate your notebook* 3*

AT

WCRK: If you have a part time job, ask the bosss

if he will let you outline the business correspon­ dence necessary for his business.

From this out­

line, prepare a report to be given in class. 4.

AT

PLAY:Write business correspondence for your

team* D.

EVALUATION:

Order necessary equipment and pay the bills* Methods of checking your mastery of

writing business correspondence. 1.

TRUE-FALSE:

Place an X in the correct space for

true or false. T F a. ( )( ) Since what they don*t know won't hurt them, you should MOT remind them-of. delinquent bills by giving explanations*

30 T F b.

(

}( ) You should admit your own mistakes in a business transaction*

c.

(

)( ) You should extend courtesy at all times because you will gain in the end*

6.4

(

)( ) If you think you have a complaint, you should make it immediately, whether you are right or not, because you might getan adjustment anyway*

e.

( )(

) You should always give a,.complete des­ cription! of the item on which a comp­ laint is toeing made,

f*

( )(

) You should always use the order b l a n k . put out by./ the store,

g.

( )(

) If you.lose your statement, you should wait for a second reminder from-the store before paying your bill*

h*

C )(

) You should write all business correspond dence

i.

ouj

a typewriter*

■()■() Once an adjustment has been made, you can forget about the matter*

J*

( )(

) When you are unable to pay a bill, you should contact the creditor and explain, both why you can*t pay. and when you will, be able to pay*

COOPERATION:

Select a type of business correspon­

dence presented in this chapter.

Write for 1/2 hour,

revising and.correcting your letter.

Exchange papers.

Sead your neighbor's paper and offer constructive criticism. CORRECT ENGLISH:

Ex’ s hange papers again.

Check your

neighbor’s paper for mistakes in usage and for mis­ takes in spelling. IMPROVEMENT: a.

Make a list of:

All worda whioh you misspelled. in a dictionary.

b.

Look them up.

Learn to spell them.

All mistakes in English usage. in a form book.

c.

Use a dictionary when in doubt.

Look them up;j

Correct these mistakes.

All items in this chapterwhich you think you should memorize.

32

PART II.

CREATION

HOW TO WRITE FOR RECREATION In the creative arts, man shows himself to be moreo than a well trained animal* able to develop a culture. flects their culture.

Only the human race has been The literature of a people re­

Through the use of imagination h u ­

manity has built up a back log of literature and folk lore# This in turn has improved humanity. on paper we are improving ourselves. we are fulfilling a basic need. self expression.

When we put our thoughts But more than that,

That need is the need for

For this reason much entertainment can be

had from the processes outlined in the following chapters*

‘ 4-

Figure 9 THINK , THEN WRITE IT

r *

3k

CHAPTER Ij. UHOW TO WRITE THOUGHTS FOR FUN A,

MOTIVATION:

Awards t o u can expect to receive b y being

able to put your thoughts on paper. 1.

LEADERSHIP:

Those who can put their thoughts on

paper get their work published*

The known names

get the votes in elections for school offices* 2.

RECOGNITION:

By making a hobby of writing, you

gain facility in expression and are thought of by teachers and friends as a superior person* B.

DIRECTIONS:

Helpful hints which will aid you to get

your thoughts on paper* 1.

HUMAN COMEDY:

H o w ’to write a short anecdote*

a*

Get your materials from real life,

b.

Plan your anecdote in outline form on paper*

c*

Use your outline to build up to the final point or punch line of your anecdote.

d.

Tell the anecdote in the least possible number of words*

e.

Make your punch line the last sentence of your anecdote*

f.

Try to illustrate the folly of the human race*

g.

Get a touch of the fey in your writing*

h«

Look for the wistful, the unusual happenings of life •

I,

Tell your t&le in the simplest language you can.

j.

Keep;; your writing down to earth.

k.

Write of things.you know about yourself..,

PERSONAL OPINION; a.

How .to write ..an inf ormal essay .

Select a subject about which you have a definite opinion.

b.

Determine whether you are for or against the subject.

c.

Make your essay, humorous and light in tone.

d.

Outline on paper your thoughts about the subject..

e.

Be sure your essay has a;centrals point and that: youiwrite to make that point*

f.

Keep:; a tongue in;cheek -attitude.

g.

Never-try to be serious:about your subject.

h.

Write about unusual subject or take an unusual view toward!the usual subject*

i.

Get your subject from real life.

j.

D o n ’t be afraid to go out on a.limb in your statements.

(Start your essay with something

like, WI hate women bus drivers.” ) k.

Use the first person style as these are your own opinions*

1.

Write about things^>places and people you know about yourself.

36 0.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTSs

Some learning experiences which:

will help you to get:vour thoughts on paper* 1*

TRY ITi had*

22

Think of some recent experiences you have

Outline how you could write them.

APPLY ITS

Take one of your outlines of recent -

experiences.

Write: a..,two page paper, using one of

the following forms;

5,

a*

Short anecdote,

h.

Informal essay.

IMAGIBE ITi

Look at a painting from "Life" magazine

which the teacher will.-show to the class.

Write

whatever,'you wish using the painting as a starting points 4.

REM) ITs

Do not describe the painting. Selectcyour favorite style of writing ass

presented in this chapter.

Go to the library.

Find

the best example of this type of writing you can. Read it and tell the class about it. D.

EVAIUATIQB;

Check ups to help you find -areas of needed.

improvement in your writing. 1.

TRUE-FALSE i. Place an X2 in Roman numerals.

(2)

It is easier to follow an outline if the lettering and numbering used is the lettering and numbering used in everyday life.

c.

Be sure .you have at least two sub Ideas for each main heading.

d*

Eliminate or consolidate headings for which only one sub idea can be found,

e.

Make each statement a full sentence*

f*

Keep sentences as short as possible*

g.

Get the central Idea of the original writing*

h.

Use regular, wide lined notebook paper*

i*

Write outline in pencil.

j*

Type later for permanent record*

SUMMARY:

How to make a reS.ume of the central thought

of what you have read

50 a.

Read the original writing carefully*

b*

Re-read the item to be sure you understand the main point the author is trying to get across#

c#

List the important point of each paragraph or section*

&•

Write one paragraph telling the points made in the writing#

e*

Add a paragraph which points out the central idea of a whole item*

f*

Type your summary for permanent record*

g#

File for future reference*

h#

Use the summary for longer works where other techniques would be too long and bulky for practical use*

If#

PARAPHRASE:

Ho&r to retell the ideas of others in

your own words# a#

Read the original writing carefully#

b#

Re-read the item to be sure you understand the points the author is trying to make,

c.

List the main points of each paragraph or section*

d*

Underline the main points in the book if you own it#

e#

Write the main ideas of each paragraph or section in your own words#

f*

Type your paraphrase for permanent record.

5i C.

ACTIVITY1 ASSIGNMENTS: Things to do to perfect your technique of taking useful notes on your reading* 1.

GETTING STARTED: a book or article

Prepare a set of useful notes on which has been assigned for one

of your school courses# 2#

IMPROVING YOURSELF: volume of essays#

Go to the library.

Select a

Read every other one and take

notes in whatever foim will be most useful to you# 3.

REMEMBERING CONTENT:

See a good movie.

V/hen you get

home make a set of notes for reference using one of the following forms:

If*

(1)

Precis#

(2)

Outline#

(3)

Summary#

(I}.)

Paraphrase#

DETERMINING FORM:

Try each of the types of reading

records presented in this syllabus#

Decide where

each can be used best# 5#

CHECKING AUTHORITY:

Select some samples of book

notes from the library of your school or from other sources# D.

EVALUATION:

Bring them to class for discussion, Aids to help you decide where you need

extra work to '.improve your note taking technique# !•

TRUE-FALSE:

Place an X in the correct space for

true or false#

£2 a*

T P (,) ( _ f In writing a precis, you should change 0* any words of the author that will not -

he easily Understood* ( )

You should leave out unnecessary words, to write a precis.

c*

( )( )

You should use Roman numerals in an outline because they are easy to follow*

d# e#

(

( )

( )( )

You should type all notes#* You should be sure you have at least two sub headings before using a sub class-J.ficatioEfc under a main heading*

f.

( ) ( ) You should HOT use the summary technique for long works, such as a text book, because it will be too bulky for any practical use#

g#

( )( ) You should get the central idea of the original writing in a paraphrase and then put it in your own words*

li.

( )( )

You should have at least ‘-two paragraphs in any summary#’

I.

( )( )

You should underline the main points in a book as you read it.

J.

()(

)

You should keep as many of the original author’s words as possible in writing a paraphrase#

COOPERATION:

Select one of the following forms:

a.

Precis.

b.

Outline*

c.

Summary.

d.

Paraphrase.

The teacher will distribute “Life” magazines to each pupil*

Select an article which you like and

write useable notes on this article* 1/2 hour to do this.

You will have

Exchange notes.

Head your

neighbor's paper and offer constructive criticisms on a separate sheet of paper*

Criteria for judgement

will be the items listed in the directions section of this chapter* CORRECT ENGBISH?

Exchange papers once more*

Check

your neighbor's paper for mistakes in usage and for misspelled words. IMPRO¥EMENT:

Make a list from your returned paper

of: a.

All words which you misspelled* a dictionary*

b.

c*

Learn to spell them

All mistakes in English usage. a form book*

Look them up in

Look them up in

Correct these mistakes*

All things from this chapter you think you should memorize*

Figure 12 ATTACK PROPAGANDA AT THE SOURCE

55 CHAPTER 7 H0¥/ TO CONTROL PROPAGANDA A.

MOTIVATION:

Things you stand to gain by combating

propaganda which conflicts with our American way of democratic•jiving* 1,

FREEDOM TO CHOOSE '.TOUR POLITICAL PARTY:

Yon can

maintain your freedom of choosing your public officials only -under a democratic system, 2,

FREEDOM TO CHOOSE YOUR RELIGION:

One of the first

things to go under in other types of government is your freedom to worship your own God in any way you wish, 3,

FREEDOM TO CHOOSE YOUR OWN OCCUPATION: choose your own job in America, your job is chosen for you.

You can

In other countries

No private citizen can

participate in groups to better his own working con­ ditions in an economy that Is regulated, Ij.,

FREEDOM TO LIVE YOUR OWN LIFE:

Under the American

way of life you have guarantees of being able to live without oppression based on theories of superiority of any race, class or creed* 5*

FREEDOM TO DEFEND YOUR RIGHTS:

Under American dem­

ocracy you are guaranteed the right to keep weapons to protect your freedom.

(Articles in Amendment of

thh/^Constitution of the United States of America.)

56 B.

DIRECTIONS:

Methods,.you can use to control propaganda

which is in conflict with the American way of life. 1,

TAKE IT APART: a.

How to analyze propaganda.

Ascertain the conflict in the propaganda to by analyzed. (1)

See what the actual controversy is in the .propaganda to be analyzed.

(2) .Decide what effect solution of this conflict will have on your life. b.

Behold your reaction to the conflict element. (1)

What is your position in this argument?

(2)

Do you have pre conciCved opinions on this subject?

(3) c.

Dan you be impartial in your analysis;?

Concern yourself with the things that are happening today. (1)

Problems of current interest are the ones which will effect you personally#

(2)

The past has little to do with you except as it decides your future#

d#

Doubt that you are able to know your own opinions. (1)

Are you a Protestant because your parents are Protestant?

(2)

Do you want the Democrats to win because your boss votes Democratic?

(3)

Are you in favor of race regulation be­ cause you are white?

(4 )

Can you defend your views on the labor question without considering your own pos­ ition in life*

(5)

Is your own philisophy of life dictated by what is good for you?

(6)

Wiat does your inheritance of social and cultural tradition have to do with your way of thinking?

(7 )

Ace your opinions dictated by the emotion of the moment?

e*

Evaluate your own propaganda to determine why you act and believe as you do*

f.

Find the facts before you come to a decision on a conflicting story or before you act in a con­ flicting situation*

(The Institute for Propaganda

Analysis, The Fine Art of Propaganda, Brace and Company, New York* SEARCH FOR THE SOURCE:

Harcourt,

(1939)*

How to discover who is using

the propaganda* a.

Remember that propaganda is not all bad but is any opinion expressed for the purpose of influ­ encing your individual actions oi» the actions of your society.

58 b*

Determine what emotions the propagandist is using to prevent clear thinking,

e.

Ask yourself: (1)

Why does the propagandist wish to influence me?

(2)

What person or group will benefit by my acting in the way the propaganda wants m e to act?

d.

If the article is printed, see who holds the copy­ right*

e*

If the propaganda is given in a speech, look up the connections of the speaker*

f.

Contact your local newspaper library for news­ paper files which w3JL give you a clue to the con­ nections of a propagandist you cannot readily identify*

3*

SEEK THE MOTIVE:

How to find what the propaganda

really tries to do* a*

Find out who the propagandist represents,

b*

See how he tries to influence your thoughts and actions*

c*

Determine why he uses the common propaganda devices*

d*

Ask yourself if you are in agreement with his purpose*

59 e.

Note how he uses words and symbols,

f*

Look up the dictionary meaning of the words and symbols he uses.*

g.

Notice what meanings the propagandist tries to attach to these words and symbols. (1)

Does he list Negroes, Jews and Communists in the same sentence to infer that they are all Communists?

(2)

Does he try to infer th&t your elected officials are all regulated by some foreign power?

h. . Find, if you can, the basic interests of the prop agandis t * i.

Ask,;rndo his interests coincide with the inter­ ests of most citizens of our society as we see them? “

I}..

TAKE THE OFFENSIVE: is a*

How to combat propaganda which

unfavorable to your ideals of American democracy* Watch for bad labels used to make you

reject and

condemn an idea without thinking about it. b.

Be sure that the writer does not use a good word in association with some other idea in an attempt to get you to accept that idea without thinking*

c. Use caution In accepting an idea which carries the sanction of something respected! and revered to some other thing in order to get you to accept

that thing, or reject it. Look with suspicion at testimonials by some respected or hated person which accept or reject the idea# D o n ’t follow the crowd*

Many times a propagandist

will use the idea that "all common people" are doing this* (1)

See if the action would really benefit the "plain folks"*

(2)

Find out if the idea did originate in "grass roots"*

(3)

Ask, "Is this idea really ’of the people1?"

Beware of a "stacked deck". (1)

Are facts selected to present the idea in the best or worst light possible?

(2)

What part of the complete story has been left out?

Guard against any statement that tries to per­ suade you that everybody, or at least all the ones that count, are doing it* Be suspicious of any statement which promises you great personal gain but shows no way of giving you that gain* (The Institute for Propaganda Analysis, The Fine Art of Propaganda* Brace and Company, New York*

(1939)*

Harcourt,

6i C*

ACTIVITY ASSIGUMENTS:

Things you can do to control

propaganda unfavorable to your American way of democracy* 1*

Read an editorial from a Hearst paper* Examiner or Herald Express)*

(Los Angeles

Give a complete analysis

to the class of the propaganda in this editorial. Use the criteria outlined in the "directions" section /■

of this syllabus in preparing your outline* 2*

Obtain a leaflet from some foreign consulate in Los Angeles.

Mark propaganda techniques used and

bring it to class* 3*

Select any newspaper item at random and show what propaganda techniques are used in this article*

D.

EVALUATION:

Ways of checking up on your ability to

control propaganda which is against your best interests* 1*

TRUE-FALSE:

Place an X in the correct space for

true or false* T F a* (.)(-) You should determine what effect any propaganda will have on you# b.

( )( ) ^Propaganda is cause and effect#

You

should ignores any conflict elements that appear# e#

( )( )

You should ignore your personal reaction to the propaganda item*

T P d.

(..)(-)

You should be doubtful that your opin­ ions are your own.

e.

( )( )

Since history determines the course of the world, you should concern yourself with the propaganda in past history,

f. (

)( ) You should evaluate your own propaganda to determine why the things you do and the beliefs you have are held by you.

g.

(

)( ) Because propaganda ignores the facts, you should ignore the facts and look for the emotional elements in any propaganda which you are studying,

h*

( )( )

You should look for the copy right notice to determine who is printing the propaganda,

i.

(

)( ) The people behind the propaganda are not important.

You should look to the words

for the means to combat the menace* j.

(

)( ) You should take the offensive in any cold war.

COOPERATION:

Write a propaganda item in class.

will be given 1/2 hour.

Exchange papers.

You

Read your

neighborfs paper and offer constructive criticism on’, a separate sheet of paper.

Criteria for judgement will

be the items contained in the directions section of this chapter.

Pay close attention to section if*

63 3*

CORRECT ENGLISH: *

Bring a propaganda item to class,

analyze it, and exchange papers* of your neighbor’s paper.

Write a criticism

Check papers for mistakes

in English usage and spelling. !±*

IMPROVEMENT:

Make a list from your returned paper

of: a.

All words which you misspelled. a dictionary.

Look them up in

Write them down*Learn to spell

them. b,

All mistakes in English usage. a form book.

c»

Look them up in

Correct these mistakes*

Make a list of things you think you should memorize in this chapter*

6i{.

PART IV.

PRESENTATION

HOW TO CONDUCT INTERVIEWS WITH FRIENDS The foundation of society is in friendly communication with others.

It is the ability to talk to one another and

communicate our ideas that has raised the human from the animal.

This ability more than any other has made it pos­

sible for the "homo sapiens” to triumph over nature. are judged on our ability to express our ideas.

?/e

We may have

great thoughts, great convictions, but if we keep quiet and do not express these thoughts and convictions we are no better off than the person who has nothing to say.

The

following chapters will aid you in telling your ideas to your

lends

Figure 13 MAKE YOUR POINT FORCEFULLY

66 CHAPTER 8 HOW TO WIH AN ARGUMENT A«

MOTIVATION;

Personal gains you will make by being able

to argue successfully* 1.

ACHIEYE STATUS:

You will gain position in your soc­

ial circle if you are able to express your ideas with force and to argue with success* 2*

GAIN FRIENDS:

Many new friendships are made by

discovering mutual interests through friendly argu­ mentation* 3.

B*

BE INFLUENTIAL: and defend

their convictions are

elected to

serve as student body and classofficers*

DIRECTIONS: 1*

The people who are able to present

YOU:

the oneswho

are

Techniques you can use to win annargument*

How to conduct yourself in an argument*

a.

Be polite at

all times#

b#

Do not

c*

Keep emotions under control*

d*

Let the other person have his chance to speak#

e*

Use logic and authority rather than tricks to

raise your voice*

make your point# f*

Withdraw from the argument if your friend feels too strongly about the subject*

g#

Don*t argue prejudices If It is obvious that your friend will not change his bias#

h.

Refrain from arguing religion or politics* (1)

You c a n ’t change a person’s religion by talking.

(2) OTHERS: a.

You can’t change a person’s political party. How to join a friendly discussion.

Listen for a minute or two to determine the topic of the discussion*

b.

When a lull appears in the conversation, state your opinions.

c.

Be polite at all times*

d.

If the group you are joining is composed mainly of strangers, be conservative in the opinions you state.

e.

Tell who you are, what you do and why you believe as you do.

f.

Give authority for your statements if you can.

g.

Keep your statements to the point in question.

EXPERTS: a*

b.

How to conduct a round table.

Select a group to serve as round table members. (1)

Choose six or more.

(2)

Balance sexes if possible.

Have

members appoint a chairman

(1)

To keep discussion moving.

(2)

To act as arbitrator*

(3)

To insure participation of allmembers.

from their midst.

68

(Ij.)

To summarize conclusions*

c.

Decide on a controversial subject for discussion*

d*

Begin discussion with introduction of speakers*

e.

Have each speaker state position on topic and reasons for belief*

f•

Present evidence for belief*

g.

Keep emotions under control*

h*

Join discussion with logic and authority rather •fehan noise or thicks of oratory*

i. ij.*

Be polite at all times,

GROUPS: a.

How to conduct a panel forum*

Select six class members to serve as a panel of experts*

b.

Appoint a chairman*

c.

Choose a subject of universal interest for discussion.

d*

Agree on duties of chairman* (1)

To introduce speakers.

(2)

To act as arbitrator.

(3 )

To keep discussion on the subject.

(!j_)

To become well acquainted with all phases

of

the subject. (5)

To insure participation of all members.

(6 )

To limit length of speeches by panel members.

(7)

To summarize findings of panel.

69 ff.

Decide duties of audience during discussion by panel and during foruni* (1)

To listen attentively.

(2)

To make notes on questions to use in foruni discussion.

f*

(3)

To be polite at all times.

(i|-)

To participate in forum portion*

Outline function of panel members* (1)

To present individual views on subject.

(2)

To defend individual viewpoint*

(3)

To participate frequently in the discussion*

(i{lj

To uncover all information possible about the subject*

g*

Keep emotions under control*

H‘«

Use logic and fact to make points rather than volume of sound*

C*

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

Things you can do to perfect your

ability to win arguments* 1.

RECONNAISSANCE:

Prepare a list of ten questions you

could argue with friends* 2*

BATTLE PLANS:

Choose a subject which you would like

to argue with a friend.

Outline the points you would

use in proving your side of the question. 3*

nD" DAY:

Join a group.

Promote a friendly argument*

Utilize the information you have gained from this chap­ ter*

70 ij.*

REINFORCEMENTS:

Plan a panel discussion

op

round

table for use in class* D,

EVALUATION:

Check-ups for determining how well you have

learned to argue successfully# 1*

TRUE-FALSE:

Place an X in the correct space for

true or false* T F a* (.)(-) You should prevent the other person from stating his points in an argument if possible* b*

( )( )

You should

withdraw from the argument

if your friend feels too strongly about the subject. c,

( )( )

You should

use con tr overs ia.1 subjects,

such as religion or politics, to get a friendly argument started. d,

( )( )

You should

not argue prejudices with a

friend if it is obvious that the friend will not change his bias* e,

( )( )

You should

plunge into a discussion and

learn the topic of discussion during your argument, f*

( )( )

If the group you are joining is composed mainly of strangers, you should be con­ servative in the opinions you state.

T g*

F

(.)(-)

You

should select a round table chair­

man for his ability to keep the peace since that is his chief function. h.

(

)( ) You

should select a controversial sub­

ject for round table discussions. i.

{

)( ) You

should be polite at all times in

any discussion, even if your oponent loses his temper* j*

(

)( ) You

should use logic and f§ct to make

points in any argument rather than volume of sound. COOPERATION:

Participate in a panel discussion or

round table.

Glass members will give constructive

criticism of your performance.

Use points presented

in directions section of this syllahus as criteria. SELF HELP:

Record a discussion in class.

Re-play

in class and offer criticism of your own performance.

72

Figure 1I4. INVITE A FRIEND TO HAVE A “COKE 11

CHAPTER 9 HOW TO TALK TO FRIENDS A.

MOTIVATION;

Gain 3 you will Ret by being able to talk

with your friends* 1*

ACHIEVE STATUS:

The person who can express him­

self is the one who becomes well known and who has friends in great number. 2*

GET DATES:

If you know how to act in society you

and your date will get invitations to participate in parties and other social functions# 3#

GAIN SELF ASSURANCE:

The person who knows how to

respond In social gatherings doesn't have an in­ feriority complex.

He doesn't have the time to

develop one. B.

DIRECTIONS:

Ways you can improve yourriabillty to talk

to friends. 1#

OTHERS: a.

How to accept an invitation to a party*

Use the telephone whenever possible* (1)

Get the right telephone number*

(2)

Say how glad you will be to attend* t Tell your hosfc who you will take or who will

(3)

bring you. (a)

If your date is unknown, tell something about the person.

(b)

If you know any special features of your date, let your host know.

(Don’t

let him sit next to someone he dislikes. b.

If no telephone is handy, make a personal appoint ment to accept the invitation*

c.

D o n ’t exaggerate your acceptance.

d.

Accept promptly if you plan to attend*

e*

Send

f.

D o n ’t be coy, there are other fish in the sea.

g.

Plan your dress ahead of time. (1)

your regrets if you cannot possibly attend.

Find out whether formal or sport wear is the order of the day.

(2)

Be sure your date knows what dress is ex­ pected.

h*

Invite someone who will fit in with the party, (1 ) tD o n ’t invite a grammar or junior high school date to a high school party unless they are very mature for their age. (2)

D o n ’t invite middle aged college students unless they are very young for their age*

YOU:

How to invite a friend to a party.

a.

Write all invitations by hand.

b.

Use pen, ink and good bond paper.

c.

D o n ’t send printed invitations.

(1)

They cost more*

(2)

Personalized invitations give a better im­ pression#

c*

Repeat the invitation by telephone, especially if you want to insure that certain special people accept*

d#

Invite only people you know will get along to­ gether#

e#

Make good dates for your stag friends if you can#

BOOKS:

How to tell a friend about a story you read

and liked# a#

Read slowly and understand the story#

b#

Make an outline of the action of the story. (1)

Keep it short#

(2)

Use outline techniques shown in Chapter 6 of this syllabus#

c#

Tell the story in your own words,

d*

Stop telling the story if your audience Interested.

is not

(Revise it and make it better next

time you tell it.) e#

Have a good supply of "classics” to which you can refer.

f#

Use the above techniques for retelling motion pictures you have seen*’

76 If,

EXPERIENCE:

How to tell about a trip you have

taken, a.

Keep

a simple list of places you have seen,

b.

Make

a simple narrative description of any

scenery that impresses you, (1)

Anything new is interesting,

(2)

Keep complete notes on the outstanding features,

c*

Tell your friends the story in your own words*

d*

If the audience is not interested, keep quiet, (Somebody else will be interested in what you have seen.)

e.

Remember the salient points so you can sayj "Oh,'yes, I remember that,

I can still see the

sun coming up over the ’Great White Throne’", C,

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

A few things you can do to in­

crease your ability to talk to other people, 1,

GRIT YOUR TEETH:

You have to start someplace,

Make

up your mind to participate in three group dis­ cussions (join a group and talk to them) during each day of this week.

Use the techniques outlined in

the directions section of this chapter, 2,

PLUNGE IN:

Make it a point to talk to several of

your friends about one of the following: a.

Accept an invitation to a party by telephone.

77 b.

Write a written acceptance to a party,

c•

Have a little party at your home and invite your friends•

d.

Read a book of your own choice and tell a friend about it.

e.

Remember your summer vacation?

Tell the class

about the important things you saw. 3*

SHARE YOTJR FUH:

Tell the class about some experience

you have had as a direct result of being able to talk to your friends about things in this chapter, i]..

PLAU AHEAD:

Outline methods of doing the following:

a.

Accepting an invitation to a party.

b.

Inviting a friend to a party.

c.

Telling a friend about a story you have read and liked.

d. D.

Telling a friend about a trip you have taken.

EVALUATION:

A few ways you can check up on your ability

to talk to friends. 1.

TRUE-FALSE:

Place an X in the correct space for

true or false# T F a. (.)(-) You should make all acceptances to par­ ties by telephone# b*

( )( )

You should always contact your host or hostess and tell them something about your date.

78 c*

( )(

)You should wait until the last minute to accept because you might be invited to a better party for that Saturday night*

d. (

)( )

Since the stags are your "ace in the hole", you should always do the best you can in providing dates for them*

e*

( )(

)To make a good impression, you should be able to talk about the top ten books as listed in the newspapers*

f«

( l( )

You want to make a good impression*

If

people are not listening to your story, you should change your techniques and make them listen, g.

(

( )

If you have read a good book, you should tell your friends about it in their own language because in this way you can per­ suade them to read that book*

h*

( )( )

To make a good impression, you should read quickly (skim the book) and get as many books in your head as you can*

I.

( )( )

If you have trouble remembering, you should make a plot outline of the best pictures you have seen lately*

T j*

P

(.)(.)

All things new are impressive*

You

should take notes on anything new you see* COOPERATION:

Select one of the following things to do

a*

Accept an invitation to a party*

b*

Invite a friend to a party*

c*

Tell a friend about a story you have read and liked*

d*

Tell about a trip you have taken* You will have 1/2 hour to do the thing you choose*

Give it your best effort.

Exchange

papers.

Read your neighbor’s paper and offer

consitruetive criticisms on a separate sheet of paper.

Criteria for judgement will be the items

listed in the directions section of this chapter* CORRECT ENGLISH:

Exchange papers once more*

Check

papers once more for mistakes in English usage and misspelled words. B1PR0¥EMENT: a.

Make a list from your returned paper of:

All words which you misspelled.

Look them up in

a dictionary.

Re-check and

Write them down.

learn to spell them* b.

All mist akes in English usage* a f o m book*

Look them up in

Correct these mistakes.

Make a list of things you think you should memorize in this chapter*

81 A P P E N D I X I.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference Shelf for Communication 1.

Marra, Waldo J, Streamlined Letter s. National Retail Credit Association, St. Louis, I94U. 464 pp. (A practical approach to the problem of writing business letters. This is a good reference work for business because it is in use by a business firm and was pre­ pared for that purpose.)

2.

Me Cleary, Dorothy, creative Fiction Writing. The Writer inc., Boston, 194*7. 148 pp. (A Simple ex­ planation of a few of the creative processes by which short stories are written.)

3.

Mencken, H.L.* The American Language. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1936. 769 pp. (In Inquiry into the develop­ ment of the English language in the United States. Mention is made of the methods by which languages change and grow with parallels to show the English language is growing in the United States.)

4.

O ’Connor, Wm. Van, Form of Modern Fiction. The Uni­ versity of Minnesota press, Minneapolis, 1948. 305 pp. (A group of selected essays by writers both famous and little known on the technique and form of fiction writing.)

5.

Opdycke, John Baker, Get It Right1 Funk & Wagnall's, New York, 1937. 673 pp. (A Good" form book. A cyc­ lopedia of English usage.)

6.

Printer’s Ink Publishing Co., Business Letters that Click. Funk & Wagnall’s, New York, 1948. 380 pp. (A book of rules plus a comprehensive text of all phases of the business letter. Many examples are given.)

7.

Woolley, Edwin Campbell, Handbook of Composition. D.C* Heath and Co., Boston^ 1907. 239 pp. (A book of rules for good English grammar, punctuation, paragraph­ ing, spelling, letter writing and allied subjects, A storehouse of information for use by anyone who writes words on paper.)

8.

The Institute for Propaganda Analysis, The Fine Art of Propaganda. Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York, 1939. 140 pp. (Lists the tricks and tools used by the pro­ pagandist and illustrates them by analysis of Father Coughlin *s speeches.)

82 9.

Hower, Aline E., Successful Letter Writing, Business and Personal, Doubleday Doran, Mew York, 1938* 239 pp.

10.

Summer, George, Jr., American Punctuation, Press Co., New York, 1949. 182pp.

Ronald

11.

Witherspoon, Alexander M., Common Errors in English and How to Avoid Tbem. Blakeston Co., Philadelphia, 1943. 548 p p .

83 II.

RECREATIONAL READING

Books to Read for Fun 1

.

Able McLaughlins, Wilson.

2.

Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Doyle.

3.

Alice Adams, Tarkington.

4.

All Quiet on the western Front, Remarque.

5.

Beau Geste, Wren.

6

.

The Black Arrow, Stevenson.

7.

The Blazed Trail, white.

8.

Bob, Son of Battle, Ollivant.

9.

B o y s ’ Life of Colonel Lawrence, Thomas.

10 .

Bridge of San Luis Rey, Wilder.

11 .

Caddie Woodlawn, Brink.

12.

Call of the Wild, London.

13.

Captain Blood, Sabatini.

14.

Captains Courageous, Kipling.

15.

Cimarron, Ferber,

16.

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Twain

17.

The Deerslayer, Cooper.

18.

Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde, Stevenson.

19.

Drums, Boyd.

20.

The Exile, Buck.

21.

Further Adventures of Lad, Terhune.

22 .

Gone With the Wind, Mitchell.

23.

Good-Bye Mr. Chips, Hilton.

24.

The Good Earth, Buck.

25.

Hound of the Baskervilles, Doyle.

Qkr 26.

Huckleberry Finn, Twg.±n.

27.

Inside the F.B.I., Flaherty.

28.

Jane Eyre, Bronte.

29.

Jungle Peace 5 Beebe.

30.

Kidnapped, Stevehson**

31 .

Lad: A Pop;, Terhune.

32.

Lassie Come Home, Knight.

33 .

Last Days of Pompeii, Lytton.

3J4.,

Last of the Mohicans, Gooper.

35.

Lerg Mlserables, Hugo.

36 .

Lieutenant’a Lady, Aldrich.

37 .

Life With Father, Lindsay and Grouse.

38 .

Light that Failed, Kipling.

39 .

Lord Jim, Conrad.

1|_0.

Lorna Do one, Blackmore.

I4.I.

Lost Horizon, Hilton.

)j2 .

Mam Against the Sea, Hordhoff and Hall.

k-3*

Men of Iron, Pyle.

i|ip.

Mill on the Floss, Eliot.

Ipj?.

Monsieur Beaucaire, Parking ton.

[{.6 .

The Moonstone, Collins.

i]_7 ,

Mutiny on the Bounty, Hordhoff and Hall.

ij.8 .

My Friend Flicka, O ’Hara.

1l9.

Mysterious Island, Verne.

50.

National Velvet, Bagnold.

£l.

Old Creole Days, Cable.

52.

Old Wives 1 Tale, Bennett,

53*

The Pathfinder, Cooper.

$l\.,

Paul Bunyan, Stevens •

5I>-.

Peggy Covers the Hews , Bugbee,

56#

Peggy Covers Washington, Bugbee.

57.

Penrod, Tarkington.

58*

Penrod & Sam, Tarkington,

59*

Pride and Prejudice, Austen.

60.

The Prince and the Pauper, Twain.

6 1.

The Prisoner of Zenda, Hope.

62.

Puddfnhead Wilson, Twain,

63/

Quentin Durward, Scott.

61}..

The R&ft, Trumbull.

65.

Red Badge of Courage, Crane,

66 .

Return of Sherlock Holmes, Doyle•

67 .

Robinson Crusoe, Defoe.

68 .

Rockne of Notre Dame, Lovelace.

69 *

Saratoga Trunk,'Ferber.

70.

Scarlet Letter* Hawthorne.

71.

Scarlet Pimperne11> Orcz^.

72.

Sea- Hawk, Sabatini.

73*

The Sea Wolf, Sabatini.

7^-*

Seventeen, Tarkington.

75*

Show Boat. Perber.

,