A Sumero-Babylonian Sign List: To Which is Added an Assyrian Sign List and a Catalogue of the Numerals, Weights and Measures Used at Various Periods 9780231877312

Table of contents :
Contents
Preface
Select Bibliography
A Guide to the Order of Signs
Notes
Sumero-Babylonian Signs-Archaic
Sumero-Babylonian Signs-From Ur-Nina to Neo-Babylonian Period
Sumero-Babylonian Numerals, Weights and Measures
Assyrian Signs
Assyrian Numerals, Weights and Measures

Citation preview

A SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGN LIST

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL STUDIES VOLUME XIV

A SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGN LIST T O WHICH IS ADDED

A N ASSYRIAN SIGN

LIST

AND A CATALOGUE OF THE

NUMERALS, WEIGHTS A N D USED A T VARIOUS

MEASURES

PERIODS

COMPILED BY

SAMUEL A . B. MERCER

AMS PRESS, INC. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 1966

Copyright 1918 Columbia University Press

Reprinted with the permission of the original publisher AMS PRESS, INC. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 1966

Manufactured in the United States of America

H U N C LIBRUM

H U G H E L L E. W. FOSBROKE MAGISTRO SUO ILLUSTRISSIMO DEDICAT AUCTOR

CONTENTS PAGE

Preface

ix

Select Bibliography

xi

A Guide to the Order of Signs

ι

Notes

2

Sumero-Babylonian Signs—Archaic

3

Sumero-Babylonian

Signs—From

Ur-Nina

to

Neo-Baby-

lonian Period Sumero-Babylonian Numerals, Weights and Measures

13 . . .

225

Assyrian Signs

229

Assyrian Numerals, Weights and Measures

244

PREFACE The object of this Sign List is a very practical one, namely, to arrange all Sumerian and Babylonian signs in such a manner as to enable the student to find them with comparative ease. Assyrian signs have long ago been excellently classified. Beginnings have been made in the classification of Sumero-Babylonian signs. Scheil, ThureauDangin, Amiaud and Méchineau, and Toscanne have done excellent work. Their lists, however, were not compiled with a view to practicability. The most recent work on the subject is one by George A. Barton, whose chief object was to discuss the origin and development of Babylonian writing. His sign list is, accordingly, incidental, and not arranged with the practical needs of the translator primarily in view. In the present work an attempt has been made to collect and arrange all independent Cuneiform signs. Cuneiform writing is of such a nature as to have allowed much latitude in the writing of many signs. For example, a sign with parallel wedges may have two or more such parallel wedges. No attempt has been made to record all such variants; first, because variations are necessarily almost endless, without being important, and, secondly, because of a desire to keep the List within reasonable bounds. Hence, only independent signs, and those signs whose variations would place them in a different order in the List, have been collected. The classification has been made as simple as possible ; and all signs have been arranged in a definite order, as set forth in a subsequent table entitled, Ά Guide to the Order of Signs'. First, the Archaic signs are classified, and are to be read from top to bottom; Assyrian equivalents are given and a translation, usually syllabic, sometimes idiographic, is added. It should be noticed that Archaic signs are sometimes found on seals on late tablets. Then, the Sumero-Babylonian signs are arranged with their Assyrian equivalents and transliterations, followed by Arabic numerals indicating the period to which the sign belongs. The periods outlined by Barton in his 'Babylonian Writing' have been adopted. The student is thus assisted by means of the nature of the script in dating his text. Next, the Sumero-Babylonian numer-

als, weights and measures are arranged in the same order (not in tabular form) with a view to facilitating the identification of individual signs. Finally, for convenience, a list of Assyrian signs is given with transliterations; and that is followed by the Assyrian numerals, weights and measures, arranged in the same order. The raison d'etre of this Sign List is : first, a practical arrangement, in one great group, of all independent and irregular-variant SumeroBabylonian signs with their Assyrian equivalents; and secondly, an insertion on the same page, for practical purposes, of the most important transliterations of the Sumero-Babylonian signs. T h e more unusual equivalents can easily be found in Briinnow, Barton, and elsewhere. No English translations have been supplied, as that belongs to glossaries, of which there are several good ones. No cross references have been given, despite the fact that the same sign sometimes, though not often, is recorded in more places than one. It seemed that no purpose would be served by such references, and the plates would be comparatively crowded. T h e Sumero-Babylonian space has purposely been made wide to allow for the insertion of variants by the student. Space has been left at the end of the 'Archaic' and 'SumeroBabylonian' sections for the addition of new and variant signs, according as the student finds them. In acknowledging obligations to my predecessors in this field, I should like to single out Professor Barton whose splendid book, 'The Origin and Development of Babylonian Writing', I have had continually by my side. In fact, his work anticipated, in a way, what I myself had begun to do in the year 1910. For many years I have felt the need of a Sumero-Babylonian sign list, as complete as possible, with Assyrian equivalents and the most important transliterations, and I have now ventured to put forth this compilation with the feeling that it will be useful to others as well as to myself. It would be superfluous to record the titles of all the works which I have used, directly or indirectly, in the preparation of this Sign List. This is especially true of the numerous publications of texts, all of which I have constantly used. I shall content myself with giving, as a select bibliography, a list of those works, other than publications of texts, which I have had as m y continual companions in my work, and to whose distinguished authors I render due homage. Finally, I take pleasure in acknowledging the kindness of my two friends, Dr. Stephen Langdon and Dr. J. A. Maynard, in allowing me often to consult their expert knowledge.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY AMIAUD, Α . , e t MÉCHINEAU, L . , T a b l e a u C o m p a r é , 2 E é d . , P a r i s , 1 9 0 2

BRÜNNOW, R. E . , A Classified List, Leiden, 1887 BARTON, G. Α., Babylonian Writing, I—11, Leipzig, 1 9 1 3 CLAY, A. T . , Documents from the Temple Archives of Nippur, Philadelphia, 1906 CLAY, A . T . , Business Documents of Murashû Sons of Nippur, Philadelphia, 1904 DELITZSCH, F., Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, Leipzig, 1896 DELITZSCH, F., Assyrische Lesestücke, 5T,; Auflage, Leipzig, 1 9 1 2 DELITZSCH, F., Die Entstehung des ältesten Schriftsystems, Leipzig, 1897 DELITZSCH, F., Sumerisches Glossar, Leipzig, 1914 HINKE, W. J . , Kudurriu Inscriptions, Leiden, 1 9 1 1 HARPER, R . F . , T h e Code of Hammurabi, Chicago, 1904 HAUPT, P., Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte, Leipzig, 1 8 8 1 - 1 8 8 2 LANC.ÜON, S., A Sumerian Grammar, Paris, 1 9 1 1 LAU, R . J . , Old Babylonian Temple Records, New Y o r k , 1906 LEGRAIN, L., L e T e m p s des Rois d ' U r (Planches), Paris, 1912 MEISSNER, Β., Assyrisch-Babylonische Chrestomathie, Leiden, 1895 MEISSNER, B., Seltene assyrische Idiogramnie, Leipzig, I906FF. MEISSNER, B., Supplement zu den assyrischen Wörterbüchern, Leiden, 1898 MENANT, L e syllabaire assyrien, T o m . I et I I , Paris,

1869-1873

MUSS-ARNOLT, W., A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language, vols. I—II, Berlin, 1905 MYHRMAN, D . W., Sumerian Administrative Documents, Philadelphia, 1910 NESBIT, W. M . , Sumerian Records from Drehern, N e w Y o r k , 1914 PINCHES, T . G., A n Outline of Assyrian Grammar, London, 1910 PRICE, I. M . , T h e Great Cylinder Inscription of Gudea, Leipzig, 1899 PRINCE, J . D., Materials for a Sumerian Lexicon, Leipzig, 1905-1908 RANKE, H., Legal and Business Documents, Philadelphia, 1906 REISNER, G. Α., Sumerisch-babylonische Hymnen, Berlin, 1896 REISNER, G . Α., Tempelurkunden aus Telloh, Berlin, 1901 SCHEIL, V., Signes Archaïques, Paris, 1898 STR ASSMAIER, J. Ν . , Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der assyrischen und akkadischen Wörter, Leipzig, I882FF. TOSCANNE, P., Les Idéogrammes Cunéiformes, Paris, 1908 THUREAU-DANGIN, F., Recherches sur l'origine de l'Écriture Cunéiforme, Paris,

1898-1899

UNGNAD, Α., Selected Business Documents, Leiden, 1908 WINCKLER, H., Liste ausgewählter Keilschriftzeichen, Leipzig, 1893

A

GUIDE

TO

THE

ORDER

OF

SIGNS

!

Y

Hff

H7

MT

0

Mí

Mi

Τ

MIT •í

•fe

p—

r

»J

Ν

j r

H=

t>— •ff 1

•f·

ί

HF

>X

&

a

*=r

TT ÏÏF

*

K-

I

444 444

NOTES

I. ikí Sana. Sipe

& — ,

¿i S¿M¿timi¿

( MÁaisoMAídtny

^iMtuL ¡un. -»Ltulhtm. nut fidaci¿.ß^^nh*. ίs cüasstßid. tvndin,

\

/ft/, «¿/¿μλ,οη s&JCu^ú&a¿íi.a.sipiiaj(í Cts jutszMt

US. atttmfit

ítiAL YAJadU. ~ét> pajterxJL OJU~tU lnuu Κ

¿4

fP

a.,mí

Κ/a.

¿2T

Ιαα,ά*^

du., Λ¿k

ν

iMioJn.

if¿m. •fuuS, o u i

tui^K^tU^J. íLm.

βαη,,τηΜΛ. ν

•τ

ν

ir

Ψ (v¿t

ν

.tUM'fys

dt/m, ΗΤΡΓ • m

¥

»

.awff

H δλ

fer

ΊΜΛ, Sfi. , í y n ,

ΉΜ-,η^Λ-

/

K¿dLΟΛ ν

Se ίί-r

»

—

Swm&w- (hajiylavuam

JIsstjAÏ&n-

Te/ùjnL

Ή

HHH-

^

m - ,

zw

5 ytus fcA. wr

Ct/m. U

3 2-3

du,, ^"^L ,

3 *

DËC , /ρφ , « Μ

,

Λ

tftfrKr

, Nff A*f*F

¿F^iïî,

Kl , KjKiHV

H

S

idi

λ

íUin.

Ä.

u

tfF«

ι d J r ^ - U l

(

£*[,

se?,

Kann, l Âe,

3 Α V-

m

ÉflF

KIsoJ.

S

KÍsaJL

5

UÀ

3

f * . .ta.

5"

U/n/j

wku.lKnhm. 3

20

SUMERO - B A B Y L O N I A N

Siunwuf-lia^lonam/

SIGNS

^SS^xa/n,

t>—& ΜΗΓ . e——

TiwWiL

ΓΤ^Ρ

2.-3 3.Ä

"iï/ϊ,κ

a

to

í^fe:

Xj^wm,, tí-, tjb

^r

lau

a

4

α^α^! (Cu. (

3

Äf m$>

,

Jmp

a

«

A

ρ — .

Φ/

¿stffrf

o l i

3

US-O/M,

A

mt>n}

3

— Suflvnur-

Jl ssipiwn·

£fr rU^-f Λ Γ , Λ Τ , ί ί

¿χ

a

^ f f

Tfia/tiS&iifuxCans ΎΛύΧκΰτη.

3

1fr

S. 3

t k ^

5 ¡+

a /

ma.

JfT

3

, Jfc" , ι ΐ JOTîiïT ^wrf ^wf t—ffF-r , fr-w

3 s-TTTT »-rttr

yusL t ruvL·

Ζ- 3

to V

I Κ&Ή- ι

3

r>-fcf

•hu

Ιΰ

fef

huL

L,

ο-^ΓΓ

01,

^ D M

•Kala,

U

* λ Χ

22

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

SwmjVLtr- ßajfcyitrnlam/

SIGNS

Jlstt^u&n,l/LOM/riti'iötürny

T W α

*r*r

judyut. ,UKKl*L

χ 3

ίοΛΛαΧν-,^αίοη »IST,

HIT

Θ Γ

ft*

JiT 5"

^

J0? Jgf

rrr 3 ferrar

6" Hmjjv(

•CET Ä &

m

3 3 Ò ¡F.it

•ión.

5

FROM U R - N I N A

TO N E O - B A B Y L O N I A N

PERIOD

23

&— SwnuMr- f&ojtyjlmûam/

TtAjiasL

•ÂsStjMOAt.

•ff

V

ff

u

Ä tf3

Φ

Α-3Λ M P * *

fcÄvfcf

M

fcévKr

t

t

3 4¡d

M -

ilttyJLfi,!4,w>

3 3 3

M&J

" i f *

3 3

M tuj^aJL

MSP

3

Kajr

J O Û ,

M

JP

Íaí^,

ff

tóí,

S«>»v

S lo

M -

Zêfui.^,^,™1

e-f—

S •WMÂNUN,IA/NSE.

D

A 'i-

¥ t M

α

dôK Ö

S

5

FROM U R - N I N A TO N E O - B A B Y L O N I A N PERIOD

Suiwutfl-- &oJryLavUjam/

25

Jis&j/Utun. 7/uxmyá¿Lt¿to¿túrns HußdL ρφ,βΚ,κί' êsM

It

H>ñ> Í=4l tí=AT

to

b

cum.

Ψ-5

h i

5b

*5=ffT

f

n^rr

iòm,, /U^/

lo

n^rr

il

H-

Kyr

il

b

α^,Κϊ,Ύΐα.,ιηί.,ζα. Si

b 5

&u£tîo) UAUX 5" ter

dj^am1

F

Gïïf·

¿éüm.

b

26

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

SIGNS

Ρ—

T/t/t/risiitvLaJtim. Tk^ti m ^ j t T^rrr

«

W

TKjJu ι

5"

Ί/τν

5"

(«i/ /s '·,/«?

&

CUlJuí., iti*.

6

K¿

5" &

W

•s=f tjtM

Ή .

*

5

^

m

ynos

tìTsÉ

^Ir^/s

5

oDär

Ù , ^¿rt

¿>

M

u-

Κ*

S ¿ ¿i

f

ctuAMs ( dwi^ioÀ. le.Ll· faut.

f

FROM U R - N I N A TO NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD t>—

t^—

SwmtA/r- ßaM^ianiaAi.

V

U

,

27

Jissyuams c r

tí jLfiüm-fWn,, b

ΉΓ

S¿

3L.lt.-b

Sc

if.5"

s¿

3

s¿

fr

V

W *z=ff

l/Lamsiit&tàtim,Tèoùní

*£=ÏÏ

5·

tfF

5" 5"

•MF •s=fps=rr H ^ f ,

^fr-r

^ίΓΦ

St*Sí'

*

ai

δ"

al+

ύ

ΊΙ

λ

ma/L>>=fiïF fcfM

5"

τκάί. , ol/Alß, ?fcf[p Haï-, fui-,dan. ^•5·

28

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

SIGNS

>— Αογοίοη/

W F

M t

m

um, ( ìip, uMu-pobm.δ -

fcfrfff

"fußina.

•PflT

•NfT

t^XÍoJL.

ù>

hdùnt.

ú

/

TVUL, /

TUL·

.^flT.^fcC,^

« ^ χ Γ

~TMjnA¿£énÁtürn/7Su¿e6

HÍÍ

6 ,r*Ál

^

3

Ä mai

W

ú>

3.6 3

ηοΛ- " liúnu

mr

m

5· hu*', juins

6

yruL·

b

FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD

SiMHtoffi-iiaJtyjbuAM, fef,

29

~I/vtmsít¡K»ijM, -Assy/Juam, Utiad. Ία,

W M^rr

a

5

su-.Kus^ mUi5" s

y*-,*Φ

V

aut>

S

L/ on, Ψ

S

tu¡ñ.Í¡L·t MM,b « r

δ"

ΊΑ,

^OAKxtu.; UaunM. S l flasam. ® todrL·*.muAu

io

ixin.

3

[Mi

/

^aimu, ¿jJLum. i ώ

/ui-jfu

tT

la®

^ ?

a^, (Ct , τ ι α . , w u ,

3a.

u

30

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

SIGNS

— Stt/mAur- ßa£y/nüam/

HI

ThrùxL

Jissyua/n, N?

L·

S

1 = 0

w

1

ST Ε{ΠΜ

•¿WL·

3

%αΛ

5"

d¿

Z,

Γ

b

dunt,

b

nwL

b

tÌA.

6

%' * •ft«"-

j^am. .A^feÈL

5" a

b

juL^+í

71U/ KCL-

L>

i - f

S

FROM

UR-NINA

TO N E O - B A B Y L O N I A N

PERIOD M -

l·—

^Assipuams

•ñUmli

Jon.

t

^emt

•USt irtùi

ui

t

nwvi

,&nuCt

lHutkX

niXàJÎ

US 1 n u i . ,-KJCAJL 1 «/

>vr

35

3

3

L· 5"

Sffîf

Î ^ . t i * , ^

M

TUM.

3.5-

O

ψ . , Κ — . , ψ m .

5"

¿2T

« ¿ ¡ ¿ M

S"

k'S.3

¿fe Zw

VU i/o

»-if

Φ

5

3 5-{p

••¿fr Κ ϊ Ι Γ ,

Τ - ^ Γ

Sa&touv, JOíí¿m/ 6

36

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

SIGNS

> —

M -

IboMßhnlams

So/mx/ur-

HujjcL

ψ

^ ,

i>

ή

cU/tn,

κ * ^ > t > ,

·

» - f i »

¿¿κ.

4-

£ Μ * - ,

^ f

f

M ^ k

(

O-vf*.

ΜΓ*-*· ,

π5*

3

f

H-

•ti

(

,

ψ

L· ψ

Ψ 4-6

- K r .

**

Ή

» f

Otos

/

Λ*ι ( ¿ΙΛΗ^Λ.

X

A»t ι dÁn^t/i

3

6η., ΰίίη^Λ

^

yea/-/ l·

/

HtU¿

/

rtuj.

3

FROM

UR-NINA

SvMuUjr-ßa^/tetuaav

T O Ν Ε Ο - Β A B Y L O N I AN P E R I O D

lAsa^/VLCun/

TiUmO&tZuuUtn/

" Ψ

37

TiniaaL

3

1

^fïï

¿L,afe,

pi.

f

ΧΟλη. , m / m . , n « / m . 3

«4-

tuJil

X >

A

/

,/ui

3 ¿K

/ Α

|(

ánr

-t¿Ci* —

b-7-

Su/m.í/10·-

βα£γύηίαΛΐι

TÍAÁOXL

3

yvux,

H M

,

,.ΝΚ-4, ί ^ - ì .

- P r

,^ΙΛ.

«w^frr

ÓJL, át^

μ«> P^D-fff—Λ-

§«/

•f-

j j a * , » ^

Ses

J

h '

Λ /

MT* ÍM^fi -^Μ· . ^

(

^

(

^ f c

(

Kfí

/

·

CH^fá

¡L

t ^ f i

3

—— Su/me/ur- líoJn^/orúam/

Η Jlss^uam/ T/wis&Ûtajtcen· 7

•j-r·Hi

6

H ' t

Hl·?

•+vftTfF

3

r^/t.t

7t(Wt

J ( S¿»W

h w t / F M

/ Ζ

Xa, +S¿

SL

Ά λ + a*t&

Ä

Ίηα. 4 ans«.

3

îuJjm.

a

tÀìpuL· ,d&Me.

3

uLt^ui., άαίία.

^

Nf ¿P&fcfc.

tÁújHd. ( d-oJla. 6

»f

ÍÁI^jl , ciaJLí.

5"

•^Ji-Htaj.

a

+ruxoL

H-

Kj^untis, yütL·. 3

FROM U R - N I N A TO N E O - B A B Y L O N I A N

So*KSAO·- fc·i&yÁnVLO/n,

PERIOD

^nAmslitinJÍÍoi^

47

HuùxtL

μ-

3

^rr »Mi

Wi

,

»ft*,

M

6 .5"

% ti*

r

6

•èin-^-mai t sLßtu.¿7 JfckKT?

>m, 'N

uty

Η

κ

Ί ά

bo +S¿

Li

" ΰ , Ή . Ή . Ί Ϊ , Ϊ Ι

*>=w

Hft

5" 5". 6

1 h -

h f . A

1 2-1

m.

^

t,

in

5-(o

^,ψαί,Ι',Ι

5-le

**

6

•mai

6

FROM

UR-NINA

TO

NEO-BABYLONIAN

PERIOD

»—

49

H h ^Assi^/Ua/n/ "JJia/i^&tâJ^àjlZmi'Jeu/nC ^r>-

Ζ

'^kt

S

HT- * v

,

Htr

>fHf

•u,

"tj^eí^

I ζ-3

,^ - f p , HfA,

¡i

,

HHt Hf^

f . ,

M 8

5-6,

*

Ζ

f

3 •-ff*

,

M i s u r i

i r *

ib rrh

najrH.(neun-') f Si/rn.3 sòm. f mrn.(nvn)i Sum.

5"

50

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

SIGNS

t>—

H h TliaAi^CCóuCtínt, TLU

SumtA/r-ßtdy/orvuvn/

•τ

/ SA/ÁJU^ ßwui,7.λ

HHtf

δKj^um-j/ienL/CL^lm.

M

tua.

W M , · + τ Γ ,

/

W

MW

Ä-3

^ , Η - Η , ο Μ , Η Κ

ΦΓ

wr.t&r,

wr

Λ ί , ^ α / , in/

6"

•TT

αfstoA. ! 7UruL.

f

-W- , -HH ( -HtH ; *y

Hîïï

•η^,-ψΐ

/

•ff*

«

^

m

-f>

ρ

τ

·

\

UfL· amíL·

^ ^ a j L ¿f

τ 6

r +

/

Έ

T l · , ^ /

Ώ , Ή . · α , τ ΐ . Ί ΐ , % fcf, ra

«^rr

t i

α

SC

(jß.fWm..tMl. K4A. 5

FROM

U R - N I N A TO

ΝΕΟ - ΒA ΒY L O N I AN

PERIOD

53

t>— py

ft Ρ

SwmjAXr-fóoÁy&nux/n/

TpAH^s/jJtzMÄÜnU TÌkÙhÀ,

w , ¿ m

d-Jçi*·. -mai.

/

w

JM

6

w

• « w

1

τ *

ma.

ί+

t u r

is, rruU.

S

L ^ J ,

ó"

m

Hr, m

w

m

λ

M

Χ

m g *

w η ^ Μ

HUTU

ι»

V iL t (^apiQsm,

to

TU.L

u

Ζ

3

-+

imj

I t t = r

m

SizÂànu, t nt^iin.L> S&UAs , βΛϋη. /

54

SUMERO-BABYLONIAN

Sa/m.6t— Sivm&ur-

59

HÏÏT

(ÒaJly&rùam/

TfLtotS&t&iaZiort, —

~ñáodL

Ζ

MTTPfT

3

ψ,

IL

Ζ

3 f . / ΚαΛ,,κ/

Χ

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