A Study of the Use of Music as an Aid in Teaching Swimming

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h / z r a m of the use of musio as an aid IS TEACHING SWIMMING

by Evelyii Kathryn 9J.H011

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilistent of the requirements for the degree of Boater of Philosophy in the Department of Physical Education for W©smn in the dradmate College ©f the State tJui^ereity of Xowa June 1SSD

ProQuest Number: 10902153

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The writer wish#a to express her appreciation to Br. M. Gladys Scott for her interest and guidance in this study. The writer also wishes to thank Miss Ann Sprague and Miss Mary Watt, she helped with the teaching; the memhers of the Boston Board of Women Official®, who served as Judges of form swimming; and the Wellesley College students who served as subjects for this study.

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T h e University of !ow& LIBRARIES

t m m

or a m s m m

©halter I

pe&© Introduction

X

Source of the Problem . . * ...... Statement of the Problem

II III

Hevlew of Literature .

1 ©

...............

Procedure

6 25

Cinestlextitnlr*.................

24

Procedure First T m r ........... 2© Initial T e s t i n g ............. 2© Experimental Teaching

, • • . •

Final Testing

29 50

Statistical Treatment of Bata at End of First f e a r ..........

50

Mean Score * * . • • » , ....... 50 Standard Deviation

............. 50

Standard Error of M e a n ....... 51 Critical Hat t o ............... 51 Coefficient of Correlation . • .

51

Procedure Second T e a r ........ .. • .

55

.Procedure Third Tear

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...........54

Statistleal Treatment of All Bata • .

56

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. . . . . . . . . . .

3d

Sbiut&ard deviation............... M ttahdapd lyrot of M w m

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33

Critical Ratio . . ............... 36 Coefficient of Correlation . . .

36

Tabulation of data for Side Stroke Endurance . ............... 37 IV

Analysis of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . Questionnaire R e s u l t s ............ . .

36 43

Result* of First f e a r ................. 43 feet of Croup Differences in Mean* ....................... 49 Coefficients of Correlation of Forty Xard Event* with SeventyFive Yard Events ...........43 Coefficient of Correlation of Iowa Revision of the Brae© Test with Total Improvement in Time ..........



Result* for Each fear and for the Three Fear* Combined . . . . . . . . Result*

for the First Fear . . .

Result*

for the Second Fear

Result*

for the Third Tear . . .

Result® for the Three Tears Combined .......... lv

4* 4©

• • 4© ©0 ©O

P«*s Ceeffieisnte of - d e m k U M of Hhythm Perception M e r e * with Improvement Scores . . . . . . .

66

Coefficient# of Correlation -of Improvement lit Form with Im­ provement in Speed . . . . . . .



Beeulta of Side Stroke Endurance ..........

5?

Critical Evaluation............ . .

©9

Equating the d r © u p a ............. 69 T e s t i n g ......................... 61 Experimental Teaching V

Summary and Con elusion a Conclusions •

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61 6©

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66

Appendix A ................

67

Questionnaire • • • • ................ 6?A letter Sent with Questionnaire Questionnaire He suit a •

...

68

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69

College# to which Queatioim&ir©s Were s e n t .................... Appendix 9 ..................

72 77

Statement to Student# about the Course Content* First Y e a r ......... 77A Statement to Students about the Course Content9 Seoond Year • • • • •

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79

PA8® Statement to Student® about tb© • Course Content, Third Y e a r ......... Seashore Rhythm Perception tost

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. . . BX

Xowa B©vi»t©*t of Brao© T e s t ........... 8® Diagram of Lanes and F l a g # ............. ST Instructions for Swimming tests Judges ©f Form Swimming

. . • BB

. . . . . . .

BX

Phonograph Recording® Used for Experimental T e a c h i n g ..............

B2

Content of Lesson© • ........ .. . . . PS Bibliography

............................. P4

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mwLM'm n m M 9 ‘ Table I

IX

XXX

XV

page Initial see*©*,- First Tear* Means, ■ Standard Beytations, and Critical Bailee of Musi© Group and Mon-lfiuai© (Xroup . . • • . . . . . •. .* . . • • •" • 44 First t m m Means, Standard Devia­ tions, m & Critical Bailee far In­ itial Scores, Final Scores, and Improvement Scores of Haste Group and Mon-Must e G r o u p ................ .

. . 49

Second Y e a n Means, Standard Devia­ tion «*» and frlite&X Bailee far In­ itial Scores, Final Scores, and Improvement Scores ©f Baal© Group and Mon-Musio Group .• . . .. . ♦ - * . . 49 Third Years Mean®, Standard Devia­ tions, and GrittcaX Hat tea for' .In­ itial Seem#* Final Scores, and Improvement M a r # * of Music Group and Hon-Mueic Group . . . . . . . . . . . .

©X

V

Three Years Combined* Seans, 'Standard Deviations, and Critical Bat toe for In­ itial SQOres, Final Scores, and Improve­ ment Scopes of Sfueie Group and Mon-lftisle Or© u p ........................ -. ............ ss

ft

dritloai Bat1os for Initial Scores, Final Socre®, and Improvement Scores of Music Group and Wea-lfasi# G r o u p .............©4

VXX

VIXX

Coefficients of Correlation of Bhythm Perception Scores with Improvement S c o r e s .............. Improvement in Side Stroke Endurance

vii

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1 Chapter Z XRTRODUCTIOM m

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Swimming to the accompaniment of music or with music as a baok^ouad Is not something new.

Billy Rose

brought this type of swimming to the attention of the Amer­ ican public In 1933 when he presented the M o d e m Mermaids at the Century of Progress which was held In Chicago.

Can­

adians have been doing "ornamental swimming*1 for years and swimmers from some European countries also have participated In this type of exhibition swimming*