A study of the recreational programs of the churches in the Wilshire district of Los Angeles

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A STUDY OP THE RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS OP THE CHURCHES IN THE WILSHIRE DISTRICT OP LOS ANGELES

A T h e sis P re se n te d to t h e F a c u l t y o f t h e D e p artm en t o f S o c io lo g y T he U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r t i a l F u lfillm e n t o f t h e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r th e D eg ree M a ste r o f A r ts

by M u r i e l G. M c C ro ry A u g u st 1942

UMI Number: EP65637

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

Dissertation Publ slung

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This thesis, written by

A

7bt!L £& Jt!t& .........

under the direction of h A t* F acu lty C o m m it te e , a n d a p p r o v e d by a l l its m e m b e r s , has be en pres ent ed to and a c ce pte d by the C ouncil on G rad ua te S t u d y and R ese ar ch in pa rt ia l fulfill­ m e n t o f th e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e d e g r e e o f

I IAS TER OF ARTS

Dean

Secretary D ate ......

Faculty Committee

jO

.

*

Chairman

^

TABLE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER I.

PAGE

INTRODUCTION: PROBLEM, DEFINITIONS OP TERMS USED, AND METHOD...................................................................

1

T h e p r o b l e m .............................................................................

1

S t a t e m e n t o f t h e p r o b l e m .........................................

1

I m p o r t a n c e o f t h e s t u d y ..........................................

1

D e f i n i t i o n s o f t e r m s u s e d ........................................ T h e c h u r c h .............................................................................

2

R e c re a tio n



2

..................................................................................

3

L e isu re

• • • • • • • • •

W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t M e th o d .

.

.

.

.

.

3

..................................................................................

3

.........................................

4

O rg a n iz a tio n o f th e t h e s i s II.

2

. .

REVIEW OP SELECTED LITERATURE ON THE CHURCH AND RECREATION........................................................................ L ite ra tu re

re fle c tin g

th e a t t i t u d e

5

o f th e

c h u r c h ...................................................................................... S p e c ia l s tu d ie s o f r e c re a tio n Im p o rta n c e o f r e c r e a t i o n p rogram III.

.

in

in

5

ch u rch es

.

9

th e c h u r c h 1s

........................................................................

THE MATERIALS USED AND CHURCHES STUDIED

. . .

17 23

Q u e s tio n n a ire u sed by th e ch u rch es and how a d m i n i s t e r e d

.

23

iv CHAPTER

PAGE Q u e s tio n n a ire u se d by p a r t i c i p a n t s

. . . • • •

24

P e rs o n a l in te rv ie w w ith m in is te r and ch u rch le a d e r s

. . ....................................................... .

.

25

.

.

25

THE RECREATIONAL P R O G R A M S ...............................................

27

C hurches s t u d i e d IV .

S t a t i s t i c a l S tu d y o f th e

Q u e stio n n a ire s

• .

28

O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r w o m e n ..........................................

28

O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r m e n .............................. • • . •

28

O rg a n iz a tio n s' f o r

men a n d w o m e n ......................

31

O rg a n iz a tio n s f o r

youngp e o p le . . . . . .

31

O rg a n iz a tio n s f o r

g irls

O rg a n iz a tio n s fo r

b o y s .............................

...........................................

33 33

M ix e d g r o u p s f o r b o y s a n d g i r l s .....................

36

P rogram s o f th e c h u rc h e s h a v in g l i m i t e d r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s

..........................................

38

P rogram s o f c h u rc h e s h a v in g e x te n s iv e r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s ...............................................

44

Women1s a c t i v i t i e s

.........................................................

44

M en’ s a c t i v i t i e s ..............................................................

49

M ix e d a c t i v i t i e s

52

f o r men a n d women • • • •

. G r o u p s f o r y o u n g women

• • • • • • • • • •

G r o u p s f o r y o u n g m e n ...................................... M ix e d g r o u p s f o r y o u n g

p e o p le

56

57

. . . . . .

58

G r o u p s f o r g i r l s ..............................

63

G r o u p s f o r b o y s ..............................................................

68

V

CHAPTER

PAGE M ix e d g r o u p s f o r b o y s a n d g i r l s ............

V.

75

SOCIAL VALUES OF CHURCH RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS R easons fo r e s t a b l is h i n g

th e s e program s

T ra in in g and q u a l i f i c a t i o n

83

.•

83

o f th e ir le a d e rs

a n d s u p e r v i s o r s ....................................................

92

A t t i t u d e o f th e p a r t i c i p a n t s to w a rd th e s e

V I.

p r o g r a m s .........................................................................

99

SUMMARY AND C O N C L U S IO N S ..........................................

106

S u m m a r y ............................................................................ C h u rch -sp o n so red r e c r e a tio n

fo r a d u lts

C h u rch -sp o n so red r e c r e a tio n

f o r young

106 •.

p e o p l e ........................................................................ C h u rch -sp o n so red r e c r e a tio n

108

109

fo r g irls

a n d b o y s ................................................................... R easons f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g th e s e

110

program s

.

112

.

113

.........................................

113

T ra in in g and q u a l i f i c a t i o n s o f th e r e c r e a t i o n a l l e a d e r s ................................... A t t it u d e o f th e p a r t i c i p a n t s r e c r e a t i o n a l pro g ram s

.

to w a rd

C o n c l u s i o n s ..................................................

115

To w h a t e x t e n t h a v e t h e c h u r c h e s o f t h e W ils h ire D i s t r i c t d e v e lo p e d r e c r e a t i o n a l program s?

...................................................................

115

vi CHAPTER

PACE W hat w e r e t h e r e a s o n s f o r w h i c h t h e ch u rch es have e s ta b lis h e d

th e se

p r o g r a m s ? ........................................................................

116

H av e t h e s e c h u r c h p r o g r a m s s a t i s f a c t o r i l y fille d

th e r e c r e a t io n a l n eed s o f t h e i r

c l i e n t a g e ? ........................................................................

1 17

W hat s o c i a l v a l u e s h a v e t h e s e r e c r e a ­ t i o n a l p r o g r a m s ? .........................................................

118

R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s ..............................................................

120

F u rth e r stu d y

121

..

........................................................

BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................

.



122

A P P E N D IX ............................................................................................................

130

L IS T OF TABLES TABLE I. II.

PAGE O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r Women b y C h u r c h e s

IV . V. V I.

.

.

.

.

29

M en*s C l u b a n d M ix e d O r g a n i z a t i o n s b y C h u rches

III.

.

......................................... • • • •

O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r Y oung P e o p l e b y C h u r c h e s G i r l s 1 C lu b s b y C h u rch es

......................

B o y s 1 C l u b s b y C h u r c h e s ..........................

30 •

32 34 35

M ix e d G r o u p s f o r B o y s a n d G i r l s b y C h u rch es

.............................................

37

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION i PROBLEM, DEFINITIONS OP TERMS USED, AND METHOD I n t h e l a s t few d e c a d e s r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s h a v e rise n

t o a new p l a c e o f i m p o r t a n c e a n d p r o m i n e n c e .

heen due n o t o n ly to le isu re

th e s te a d y in c re a s e

tim e , b u t a ls o

T h is h a s

in th e am ount o f

to th e f a c t t h a t p e o p le a r e n o t a s

f a t i g u e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e i r day* s w o r k a s f o r m e r l y .

T h ere

a p p e a r s t o b e a g r o w i n g t e n d e n c y am ong t h e c h u r c h e s t o d e v e lo p and p ro v id e r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s I.

THE PROBLEM

S ta te m e n t o f th e p ro b lem . s tu d y (1 )

to a s c e r ta in

fo r th e ir c lie n ta g e .

I t was t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s

to w hat e x te n t th e c h u rc h e s o f th e

W i l s h i r e D i s t r i c t w ere d e v e lo p in g r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m s ; (2 )

t o d e te r m in e t h e r e a s o n s f o r w h ic h t h e c h u rc h e s h a v e

e s ta b lis h e d th e s e p rog ram s;

(3 )

to d is c o v e r w h e th e r o r n o t

th e s e c h u rc h p ro g ram s h av e s a t i s f a c t o r i l y f u l f i l l e d re c re a tio n a l needs o f th e ir c lie n ta g e ;

an d (4 )

th e

to in te r p r e t

th e s o c i a l v a lu e o f th e s e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s. Im p o rta n c e o f th e s t u d y . a g r e a te r p ro p o rtio n o f h is

S in c e th e a v e ra g e p erso n h as

tim e a v a i l a b l e f o r l e i s u r e

th an

2

ever b efo re, le isu re

i t was

f e l t im p o rta n t to d is c o v e r

tim e was b e i n g u s e d .

A p ro fita b le use

tim e in w o r th - w h ile r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s d e a l to e n ric h p e r s o n a lity , m u tu a l u n d e r s ta n d in g .

how t h i s

of le isu re

can do a g r e a t

b u ild c h a ra c te r,

and d e v elo p

T h e s e a b o v e nam ed o b j e c t i v e s h a v e

u n q u e s tio n a b ly been a p a r t a t l e a s t o f th e ch u rch * s o b je c ­ tiv e s.

Such a s tu d y a s t h i s w as,

th e re fo re ,

c o n sid e re d as

im p o rta n t to th e c h u rc h es and to th o s e i n t e r e s t e d

in th e

p ro g ress of so c ie ty . II. The c h u r c h . in stitu tio n w o rsh ip .

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED T h e c h u r c h was c o n s i d e r e d a s a

a lth o u g h i t

i s m a in ta in e d p r im a r ily f o r r e lig io u s

As a s o c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n ,

re c re a tio n as a p a rt of i t s R e c re a tio n .

th e c h u rc h in c lu d e s

fu n c tio n s.

nR e c r e a t i o n h a s r e f e r e n c e t o a c t i v i t i e s

w h ic h r e - c r e a t e b o d y a n d m in d , r e s u l t i n g

in th e r e s t o r a t i o n

o f o n e 's e x h a u s te d pow ers th r o u g h r e l a x a t i o n s e r i o u s p u r s u i t s o f life .* * ^ a c tiv e o r p a ssiv e , t h e i r own s a k e .

so c ia l

It

in a c t i v i t i e s

f r o m t h e m o re

in v o lv e s p a r t i c i p a t i o n , w h ich a r e

e ith e r

engaged in f o r

The s p i r i t o f p l a y s h o u ld be p r e s e n t i n a l l

re c re a tio n a l a c tiv itie s ,

w h ic h s h o u ld g i v e p l e a s u r e i n

^ M a r t i n H. N e u m e y e r , L e i s u r e a n d R e c r e a t i o n (New Y o r k ; A . S . B a r n e s a n d C om pany, I n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 & 3 6 ), p . 1 4 6 .

3 th e m s e lv e s , and n o t be engaged in f o r an y p u rp o se o f g a in beyond th e m se lv e s. sp o rts,

R e c re a tio n a l a c t i v i t i e s

gam es, m u s ic , d a n c in g , c r e a t i v e a r t s ,

w o u ld i n c l u d e ; and s o c i a l

g a th e rin g s.2 L e isu re . h e c h o o s e s . 11^

nI t

is

I t is

n e c e ssitie s of lif e

free

tim e e n a b lin g a p e rs o n to do a s

th e tim e w h ich r e m a in s a f t e r

th e o rd in a ry

h a v e b e e n p r o v i d e d f o r , when o n e i s n o t

o c c u p ie d w ith th e u s u a l v o c a tio n a l p u r s u i t s o f l i f e .

L e isu re

a f f o r d s an o p p o r t u n i t y to e n g a g e in t h e a c t i v i t i e s w h ic h a r e n o t o f o n e’ s ev ery -d ay v o c a tio n a l r o u t in e .4 W ilsh ire D i s t r i c t .

F o r th e p u rp o se o f t h i s

W i l s h i r e D i s t r i c t w as l i m i t e d

stu d y th e

to th a t a re a bounded by

V e r m o n t A v e n u e on t h e e a s t , La C i e n e g a B o u l e v a r d on t h e w e s t , M e l r o s e A v e n u e on t h e n o r t h ,

a n d V e n i c e B o u l e v a r d on t h e

so u th . III.

METHOD

T h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e m e t h o d w as u s e d i n o b t a i n i n g m o s t o f th e in fo rm a tio n .

Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w e re s e n t t o a l l

2 Ib id ..

pp. 6-7 ,

1 5 7-159.

3 Ib id .,

p.

^ Ib id .,

pp. 1 3 -1 4 .

1.

th e

c h u rc h e s in th e a re a co v ered by t h i s

stu d y .

P erso n al i n t e r ­

v i e w s w e re a l s o m ade i n t h e c h u r c h e s w h i c h h a d m o re e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s.

A s e c o n d t y p e o f q u e s t i o n n a i r e w as

u se d by th e i n v e s t i g a t o r in h e r c la s s e s a t a ju n io r h ig h sc h o o l w ith in in c lu d e d in

th is area.

th is

S e v e r a l o f t h e c h u r c h e s t h a t w e re

stu d y c o o p e ra te d by u sin g t h i s

o f q u e s tio n n a ir e in

second ty p e

th e Sunday sc h o o l c la s s e s o r C h r is tia n

E ndeavor gro u p s o f th e h ig h sc h o o l and c o lle g e d e p a rtm e n ts. IV .

ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS

A r e v i e w w as m ade o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e

d e a lin g w ith th e

p a s t a n d p r e s e n t a t t i t u d e o f t h e c h u r c h to w a rd r e c r e a t i o n . In c lu d e d in

t h i s r e v ie w w ere num erous s t u d i e s an d e x a m p le s

o f c h u rc h -c e n te re d r e c r e a tio n . th e c h u rc h e s w ere t h e n

T he r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s o f

stu d ie d under th e d iv is io n s o f a d u lt

g r o u p s , g r o u p s f o r y o u n g p e o p l e , a n d b o y s* a n d g i r l s * A s o c ia l e v a lu a tio n fo llo w e d .

o f th e ch u rch es*

w ork.

r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s

T he s o c i a l v a l u e s o f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t w e r e :

reaso n s fo r e s ta b lis h in g q u a lific a tio n p a rtic ip a n ts

o f th e

th e s e p ro gram s,

th e t r a i n i n g and

le a d e r s , and th e a t t i t u d e

to w a rd t h e s e p ro g ra m s.

o f th e

An e f f o r t w a s m ade t o

e v a lu a te th e s e c h u r c h - c e n te r e d r e c r e a t i o n a l p rogram s a c c o r d ­ in g to a c c e p te d s ta n d a r d s .

T he l a s t c h a p t e r w as d e v o t e d t o a

sum m ary a n d c o n c l u s i o n s b a s e d on t h e f i n d i n g s o f t h i s

stu d y .

CHAPTER I I REVIEW OP SELECTED LITERATURE ON THE CHURCH AND RECREATION A g r e a t d e a l h as been w r itte n r e c r e a t io n , b u t o n ly th e l i t e r a t u r e ,

on t h e s u b j e c t o f p a rtic u la rly p e rtin e n t

to th e to p ic o f t h i s t h e s i s , w i l l be re v ie w e d . L ite ra tu re re fle c tin g th e c h u rc h a r is e n

th e a t t i t u d e o f th e c h u rc h .

Had

d u r in g G re c ia n a s c e n d a n c y , i t m ig h t have

had a k in d ly a tt i tu d e

t o w a r d w h o le s o m e p l a y a n d r e c r e a t i o n

f r o m i t s b e g i n n i n g , f o r t h e G r e e k s knew t h e v a l u e o f p l a y . T he R o m a n s, on t h e o t h e r h a n d , w e r e i n t e r e s t e d o n ly f o r i t s m i l i t a r y v a lu e .

in a t h l e t i c s

T h e ir u se o f l e i s u r e

le d

g r e a t s p e c t a c l e s , b r u t a l c o m b a ts, an d o t h e r e x c e s s e s . little

w onder t h a t th e e a r l y c h u rc h ,

to It

is

d e v e lo p in g a s i t d id

d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d o f t h e Roman E m p i r e , cam e t o l o o k u p o n p la y a s e v il. For se v e ra l c e n tu rie s th e e a rly C h ris tia n i n d i f f e r e n t to p o p u la r c o m p e titiv e s p o r ts .

C h u r c h w as

D u rin g th e f o u r ­

t e e n t h c e n t u r y , when G r e e k a n d Roman c u l t u r e w e r e r e v i s e d i n t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s w h ich t h e c h u rc h h a d e s t a b l i s h e d , in

p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n and r e c r e a tio n

f o r m an y c e n t u r i e s t h e a t t i t u d e

in c re a se d .

in te re s t

Then a g a i n ,

o f th e c h u rc h to w a rd r e c r e a ­

6 tio n a l a c tiv itie s

re m a in e d one o f i n d i f f e r e n c e

or o p p o sitio n .

T h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e c h u r c h i n g e n e r a l w as e x p r e s s e d b y t h e D i s c i p l i n e o f t h e M e th o d is t E p i s c o p a l C h u rch in 1 7 8 4 . sta te d ;

MWe p r o h i b i t p l a y I n t h e

It

stro n g e st t e r m s . I t

s p e c i f i e d th e p e r m i s s ib l e fo rm s o f r e c r e a t i o n a s , G a rd e n in g , w a lk in g , r i d i n g , and b a th in g , w ith o u t d o o rs ; and th e c a r p e n te r * s , jo in e r * s , c a b in e t m ak er*s, o r t u r n e r ’ s b u s in e s s , w ith in d o o rs . . . . The s t u d e n t s s h a l l b e i n d u l g e d w i t h n o t h i n g w h ic h th e w o rld c a l l s p la y . L et t h i s r u le be o b serv ed w i t h t h e s t r i c t e s t n i c e t y ; f o r t h o s e who p l a y w hen t h e y a r e y o u n g w i l l p l a y when t h e y a r e o l d * 2 In f a ir n e s s

to

th e c h u rc h ,

i t m ust be s a id t h a t t h i s

sam e

a t t i t u d e o f o p p o s i t i o n was h e l d b y e d u c a t o r s a n d e n l i g h t e n e d p e o p le ,

in g e n e r a l, d u rin g t h i s p e rio d .

P rancke o f H a lle , a

n o te d e d u c a to r and p h ila n t h r o p i s t s a id : P la y m ust b e f o r b id d e n in a l l i t s fo rm s . C h ild re n m ust b e i n s t r u c t e d a s t o th e w a s te f u l n e s s and f o l l y o f p l a y , t h a t i t d i s t r a c t s t h e i r m in d s f r o m God a n d w i l l w o r k n o t h i n g b u t h a rm t o t h e i r s p i r i t u a l l i v e s . ® As l a t e a s 18 7 2 , D a n c in g , p l a y i n g a t gam es o f c h a n c e , a t t e n d i n g t h e a t r e s , h o r s e - r a c e s , c i r c u s e s , d a n cin g p a r t i e s , o r p a tro n iz in g d a n c in g -sc h o o ls , o r ta k in g such o th e r am u sem en ts a s a r e o b v i o u s l y o f m i s l e a d i n g o r q u e s t i o n -

D i s c i p l i n e o f t h e M e th o d is t E p is c o p a l C hurch o f A m e ric a . C o n f e r e n c e a t B a l t i m o r e , MdT, 1 7 8 4 (New Y o r k : W illia m R o ss , 1 7 8 9 ), S e c . 50, p . 38. ^ I L i d . . p p . 4 1 -4 2 3 A l b e r t B . W e g e n e r , C h u r c h a n d C o m m u n ity R e c r e a t i o n (New Y o r k : T h e M a c m i l l a n C om pany, 1 9 2 4 ) , p . 1 1 .

7 a b le m oral te n d e n c y 4 w ere l i s t e d b y t h e M e th o d is t E p is c o p a l C h u rch a s c a s e s o f n e g le c t o f d u tie s . T hus, u n t i l th e l a s t g e n e r a tio n ,

p l a y w as f r o w n e d u p o n

by th e ch u rc h ,

w ith th e e x c e p tio n

o f a f e w men who w e r e b e f o r e

t h e i r tim e s in

t h e i r p h i l o s o p h y . One o f t h e s e was

D r.

L u th e r

H. G u lic k , a m e d ic a l m is s i o n a r y u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e A m e ric an B i b l e S o c i e t y d u r i n g t h e l a s t q u a r t e r o f t h e n in e te e n th c e n tu ry .

He b e l i e v e d ,

P la y i s d iv e rs io n f o r th e a d u lt b u t i t i s l i f e i t s e l f f o r th e c h ild . I t i s th e c h il d w o rld . I t I s n o t i d l e n e s s , i t I s th e b u s i e s t o f w o rld s. . . . T rue p la y i s o f th e s p i r i t j i t i s th e s p o n ta n e o u s e x p re s s io n o f an in n e r d e s i r e . M o reo v er, s p o r t s e x p re ss th e i d e a l s o f a p e o p le . T h e ir m o ra ls r i s e n o h i g h e r th an , t h e i r p l a y . 5 W. R a l p h L a P o r t e , P r o f e s s o r o f P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n a t th e U n iv e r s ity o f S o u th e rn C a li f o r n ia , m a in ta in s t h a t s in c e th e c h u rc h h a s a lw a y s s to o d f o r c h a r a c t e r d e v e lo p m e n t, I t sh o u ld m a in ta in a s tr o n g r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram , f o r i t

is

d u r in g p la y and l e i s u r e h o u rs t h a t m ost b ad h a b i t s have been a c q u ire d .

He b e l i e v e s

th a t

th e c h u rc h sh o u ld su p p le m e n t th e

w o rk o f o t h e r r e c r e a t i o n a l a g e n c i e s .

It

sh o u ld f i r s t

su rv ey ,

4 D a v id S h erm an , H i s t o r y o f t h e R e v is io n o f t h e D i s c i p l i n e o f t h e M e th o d is t E p is c o p a l C hurch ( C i n c i n n a t i : H i t c h c o c k a n d W ald en , 1 8 7 4 ) , p p . 1 9 5 - 1 9 6 . ® W eg en er, o g . c i t . ,

p.

15.

8

d is c o v e r th e n e e d s , needs.

Its

fie ld

l a r g e s t num ber in

th en b u i ld

th e program t o m eet t h e s e

of in flu e n c e i s b ro ad ,

sin c e

it

reach es

th e

t h e c o m m u n i ty , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e

s c h o o l.6 W arren T . P o w e ll s t a t e s : T he c h u r c h i s c o m in g t o f e e l t h a t i t s o f f i c e i s t o i n f l u e n c e a l l t h e p e o p l e o f t h e c o m m u n ity i n e v e r y phase o f l i f e . I t now s e e s t h e v a l u e o f p l a y a s a d e c id e d ly p o s i tiv e c o n tr i b u to r to th e p h y s ic a l, m o ra l, s p i r i t u a l , and s o c i a l d ev elo p m e n t o f a d u l t s a s w e ll a s o f y o u t h . 1? B e in g a p r i v a t e a g e n c y ,

it

can f o s t e r a r e c r e a t i o n a l program

o f th e h ig h e s t ty p e , and t r a i n le isu re

tim e .

He f e e l s

re c re a tio n a l f a c i li t ie s

th e y o u th in t h e p ro p e r u se o f

t h a t when t h e c h u r c h f a i l s and le a d e r s h ip ,

it

to p ro v id e

i s m is u sin g a g r e a t

o p p o rtu n ity .8 P o w ell c o n te n d s t h a t a s th e re a lm o f th e c h u rc h i s e v e r e x p a n d in g ,

i t h a s come t o i n c l u d e

th e d i r e c t i o n

of

re c re a tio n a l a c tiv ity .

An a d e q u a t e r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m may

a t t r a c t som e t o c h u r c h ;

w h ile f a i l u r e

p r o g r a m m ay c a u s e i t s

to p ro v id e such a

m e m b e rs t o s e e k r e c r e a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s

e l s e w h e r e , w here th e e f f e c t s m ig h t b e d e g r a d i n g .

He b e l i e v e s

8 W. R a l p h L a P o r t e , R e c r e a t i o n a l L e a d e r s h i p o f B o y s (New Y o r k : T he M e t h o d i s t B o o k C o n c e r n , 1 9 2 7 ) , p p . 1 6 - 1 9 . *? W a r r e n T . P o w e l l , R e c r e a t i o n i n C h u r c h a n d C o m m unity (New Y o r k : T h e A b i n g d o n P r e s s , 1 9 3 8 ) , p p . 1 3 - 1 4 . 8 Ib id .,

p . 22.

9 th a t, T he c h u r c h w i l l h e s u c c e s s f u l t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t i t f u r n i s h e s w h o le s o m e a c t i v i t y f o r i t s m em bers* l e i s u r e tim e * C o m m e r c ia l a m u s e m e n t s e x i s t f o r p r o f i t , th e c h u rc h p ro v id e s a c c o rd in g to th e w e ll-b e in g o f th e p e o p le .^ S p e c ia l s tu d ie s of re c re a tio n F l o y d M. R e e v e s m ad e

ch u rch es *

In 1928,

S t u d y o f t h e V a l u e o f t h e G ym nasium

i n t h e C i t y C h u r c h P r o g r a m . 11 h is stu d y ,

in

Of th e t w e n t y - f i v e c h u rc h e s in

s e v e n t e e n g a v e w h o le so m e r e c r e a t i o n

r e a s o n f o r h a v i n g g y m n a s iu m s .

a s t h e i r m a in

T he o t h e r o b j e c t i v e s m e n t i o n e d

m ost f r e q u e n t l y by th e s e c h u rc h e s w ere:

fe llo w s h ip w ith in

t h e m e m b e rsh ip , d e v e lo p m e n t o f C h r i s t i a n a t t i t u d e s , h e a l t h , and en d eav o r to r e a c h th o s e n o t in c h u rc h .

The f o u r l a r g e r

c h u r c h e s h a d t h e i r g y m n a s iu m s o p e n e d p r i m a r i l y f o r t h e i r own m e m b e rs ( e i g h t y - f o u r p e r c e n t w e r e f r o m w i t h i n

t h e i r own

c h u r c h f a m i l i e s ) ; t h e t w e n t y - o n e c h u r c h e s who u s e d t h e i r g y m n a s iu m s t o a t t r a c t a n d w in o u t s i d e r s f o u n d t h a t h a l f o f th o s e a t t e n d i n g w ere fro m o u t s i d e t h e i r c h u rc h f a m i l i e s . Some o f t h e m o s t o u t s t a n d i n g r e s u l t s w e r e :

in c re a se d f r i e n d l i ­

n e s s and u n s e l f is h n e s s , b e t t e r d i s c i p l i n e ,

se lf-c o n tro l,

c o o p e r a t i o n , a n d m ore h o n e s t y w i t h i n I t w as f o u n d t o i n c r e a s e i n t e r e s t i n , to

th e c h u rc h .

9 Ib id .,

It

and

th e gro u p p a r t i c i p a t i n g . r e s p e c t f o r , and l o y a l t y

a t t r a c t e d young p e o p le to a r e l i g i o u s l i f e ,

p . 26

10 a n d m ad e r e l i g i o n

f u n c t i o n better****0

E s t h e r S* N e u m e y e r,

i n 1 9 3 2 , m ade ”A S t u d y o f A t t i t u d e s

a n d S o c i a l V a lu e s o f th e W ils h ir e M e th o d is t E p is c o p a l C hurch, The B fN ai B fR i t h C o n g r e g a tio n , and t h e F i r s t U n i t a r i a n C hurch o f Los A n g e le s• ”

T h is s tu d y g av e an h i s t o r i c a l s k e tc h o f

each o f th e s e d e n o m in a tio n s and o f th e s e c h u rc h e s in p a r t i c ­ u la r.

The a t t i t u d e

o f e a c h o f th e s e c h u rc h e s to w a rd s o c i a l

v a l u e s w as c a r e f u l l y d i s c u s s e d , a c tiv itie s

and a d e s c r i p t i o n

s p o n s o r e d b y t h e s e c h u r c h e s w as g i v e n *

o f th e A co m para­

t i v e a n a l y s i s o f t h e t h r e e c h u r c h e s was a l s o m a d e .H E u l a S . M e r e n b a c k s t u d i e d wT h e V a l u e a n d U se o f R e l i g i o u s D ram a i n C e r t a i n S e l e c t e d C h u r c h e s i n L o s A n g e l e s , n in

1935.

She g a v e a resu m e o f t h e h i s t o r y o f r e l i g i o u s d ram a,

a s s e r t i n g t h a t dram a h a d i t s b e g i n n i n g i n of its

ritu a l*

th e ch u rch a s a p a r t

S h e f o u n d t h a t d ra m a w as b e i n g u s e d m o re a n d

m o re b y t h e c h u r c h e s , a n d t h a t w h i l e some m e m b e rs o p p o s e d i t s use,

th e le a d e r s f e l t i t

h a d g r e a t po w er*

She fo u n d t h a t la c k

o f a d e q u a t e l y t r a i n e d r e l i g i o u s dram a d i r e c t o r s , w as t h e

1 ° F l o y d M* R e e v e s , **A S t u d y o f t h e V a l u e o f t h e G ym nasium i n t h e C i t y C h u r c h P r o g r a m , lt ( u n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 2 8 ). ■*•■*• E s t h e r S* N e u m e y e r, **A S t u d y o f A t t i t u d e s a n d S o c i a l V a l u e s o f t h e W i l s h i r e M e t h o d i s t E p i s c o p a l C h u r c h , T h e B ’N a i B 'R i t h C o n g re g a tio n and t h e F i r s t U n i t a r i a n C h u rch o f Los A n g e l e s , 1* ( u n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s . T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 3 2 ).

IX g r e a te s t o b sta c le

to i t s

b e st use.

A s t u d y w as m ade i n

12

1936 b y t h e C h ic a g o T h e o l o g i c a l

S e m in a ry i n an a t t e m p t to d i s c o v e r th e n a t u r e , t r e n d s i n r e l i g i o u s dram a i n i n c l u d e d 364 c h u r c h e s , n in e g e o g ra p h ic a r e a s .

th e U n ite d S t a t e s .

re p re se n tin g

e x te n t,

and

T he s t u d y

s ix d e n o m in a tio n s and

N in e ty p e r c e n t o f th e s e c h u rc h e s

w ere p r o d u c in g p la y s a s p a r t o f t h e i r r e g u l a r p ro g ra m . s tu d y re v e a le d th e fo llo w in g tren d s*

(1 )

an i n c r e a s i n g u s e

o f r e l i g i o u s d r a m a am ong t h e l a r g e r c h u r c h e s i n a l l d e n o m in a tio n s;

(2)

q u a l i t y p e r c h u rch ; sp iritu a l life

s i x m a jo r

a d e c r e a s i n g n u m b er, b u t i n c r e a s i n g (3 )

a p r e f e r e n c e f o r m o d e rn p l a y s o f

over b i b l i c a l p la y s;

p la y s a t C h ristm a s and E a s te r ; re a liz a tio n

T h is

(4 )

a c o n c e n tra tio n of

an d (5 ) an i n c r e a s i n g

o f th e need f o r tr a in e d d i r e c t o r s .

w h ic h h a d s u c c e e d e d , fo u n d t h a t i n

C hurches

th e lo n g ru n f i r s t - c l a s s

p l a y s w ere c h e a p e r — t h e y a t t r a c t e d b e t t e r a u d i e n c e s , b e t t e r o ffe rin g s, o f th e

and c r e a te d

th e g o o d w ill o f th e i n t e l l i g e n t p e o p le

c o m m u n ity . ^ T h r e e y e a r s l a t e r Tom S q u i r e r e p o r t e d on uC h u r c h a n d

D r a m a . 11

W h i l e E n g l a n d a n d t h e C o n t i n e n t b e g a n t o g i v e d ra m a

E u l a S . M e r e n b a c k , nT h e V a l u e a n d U s e o f R e l i g i o u s D ram a i n C e r t a i n S e l e c t e d C h u r c h e s i n L o s A n g e l e s , 0 ( u n p u b l is h e d M a s te r* s t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1935*) 1 3 F r e d E a s t m a n , uT h e P r e s e n t S t a t e o f R e l i g i o u s D r a m a , 1* C h r i s t i a n C e n t u r y . 5 8 * 2 8 6 - 7 , F e b r u a r y 2 6 , 1 9 4 1 .

12

a p la c e In th e c h u rc h d u rin g th e l a t e n in e te e n th c e n tu ry , he r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e U n ite d S t a t e s h a s b e g u n t o u s e dram a i n i t s ch u rc h es o n ly w ith in th e p a s t

tw e n ty -fiv e y e a rs .

In 1925,

th e F e d e r a l C o u n c il o f C h u rc h es a p p o in te d a c o m m itte e to stu d y and s e l e c t a p p ro p r ia te p la y s . o f te n p la y s s u i t a b l e

They p u b lis h e d a book

f o r ch u rch u s e .

It

was f o u n d t h a t i n

1 9 3 5 , n e a r l y h a l f t h e c h u r c h e s i n A m eric a w ere u s i n g s o r t o f d r a m a — f r o m s i m p l e p a n to m im e t o

some

e l a b o r a t e d ram a.

H is

r e p o r t t r a c e d t h e h i s t o r y a n d u s e o f dram a i n e a c h o f t h e d e n o m in a tio n s?

M o rm o n ism , M e t h o d is m , C o n g r e g a t i o n a l i s m ,

P r o t e s t a n t E p i s c o p a l e a n , Roman C a t h o l i c i s m , a n d

H e b r e w . 3 -4

A v e r y t h o r o u g h s t u d y o f 11T h e P a r t i c i p a t i o n o f Y oung P e o p le in

t h e C h u r c h o f J e s u s C h r i s t o f L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s 11

w a s m ade i n 1 9 3 7 b y Alma E . C r a n e .

A fte r tra c in g

o f th e L a tte r-D a y S a in ts and e x p la in in g i t s tio n ,

th e h i s t o r y

p re s e n t o rg a n iz a ­

she d e s c r ib e d t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l o r g a n iz a tio n .

T h is

d e n o m in a tio n h a d a c lu b o r g a n i z a t i o n w ith r e c r e a t i o n a l a c tiv itie s

f o r e v ery age group.

I t w as a n e s s e n t i a l a n d

i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e r e g u l a r p r o g r a m o f t h e c h u r c h . 3-® Leah I .

F a n n in g ,

i n 1 9 3 8 , m ade “A S t u d y o f t h e U se o f

Tom S q u i r e , “ C h u r c h a n d D r a m a , ” T h e a t r e A r t s M o n th ly . 2 3 s6 5 3 -6 0 , S e p te m b e r, 1939. 3-5 Alma E. Crane, “Participation of Young People in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints,” (unpublished Master’s thesis, The University of Southern California, Los A n g e le s , 193 7 )•

13 M o tio n P i c t u r e s C h u r c h e s . 11

in th e P rogram s o f C e r ta in P r o t e s t a n t

S he fo u n d t h a t m o tio n p i c t u r e s w ere f i r s t u s e d

a s b a i t to a t t r a c t young p e o p le to c h u rc h , b u t t h a t th e y w ere l a t e r b e in g u s e d f o r t h e i r e d u c a t i o n a l v a l u e .

They

w ere n o t u s e d a g r e a t d e a l f o r p u rp o s e s o f w o rs h ip b e c a u s e it

w as d i f f i c u l t t o g e t s u i t a b l e f i l m s ,

and b ecau se

th e

a u d ie n c e (a c c u s to m e d to a s s o c i a t i n g m o tio n p i c t u r e s w i t h t h e a t r e s f o r e n te r ta i n m e n t p u rp o s e s o n ly ) e n te r ta i n e d r a t h e r th a n to w o rs h ip . p ic tu re s

to

cam e t o b e

In o r d e r f o r m o tio n

serv e a d e q u a te ly a s a te a c h in g d e v ic e ,

re q u ire d

t h a t t h o s e p r e s e n t i n g t h e f i l m s m u s t know t h e t e c h n i q u e o f s e le c tin g a film

to m eet th e n e ed s o f th e a u d ie n c e , and o f

p r e p a r in g th e group f o r i t s t h a t f o r m o tio n p i c t u r e s

p ro p er p re s e n ta tio n .

to be u sed s u c c e s s f u lly f o r r e c r e a ­

t i o n a l p u rp o s e s , th e y sh o u ld b e i n a tu re ;

(2)

s u p e rv ise d ; (5)

She found

(l)

m o ral and e t h i c a l in

s u ite d to th e age o f th e g ro u p ;

(3 )

p ro p e rly

(4 ) u se d w ith good q u a l i t y p r o j e c t i o n ;

o n ly a p a r t o f th e

e n t i r e p ro g ram .

and

A l l b u t one o f t h e

ch u rch le a d e rs in c lu d e d in h e r stu d y , a g re ed t h a t film s sh o u ld have a d e f i n i t e

p la c e in t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l p rogram o f

th e c h u rc h , and t h a t th e y d id a i d in c h a r a c t e r and s o c i a l d e v e lo p m e n t.

L e a h I . P a n n i n g , ttA S t u d y o f t h e U se o f M o t i o n P i c t u r e s i n t h e P r o g r a m s o f C e r t a i n P r o t e s t a n t C h u r c h e s , 11 ( u n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , T he U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 3 8 ).

14 I n 1 9 3 8 , C h a r l e s M. B a c o n m ade a s t u d y o f " C h r i s t i a n E d u c a tio n T hrough R e c r e a tio n He f o u n d t h a t p a r t i c i p a t i o n

in C e r ta in S e m i-R u ra l C h u rch es* " in r e c r e a tio n a l a c t i v i t i e s

d e p e n d e d on e c o n o m ic s t a t u s a n d t h e f a c i l i t i e s c o m m u n ity p r o v i d e d . had l i t t l e

t h a t th e

C hurch t r a i n i n g an d C h r i s t i a n

i n f l u e n c e On r e c r e a t i o n a l t a s t e s .

p ro fe ssio n

Good a n d w e l l -

p la n n e d r e c r e a t i o n a l pro g ram s i n c r e a s e d th e i n f l u e n c e o f th e ch u rch in th e

c o m m u n ity — a t t r a c t e d

f e e l t h a t t h e c h u r c h w as i n t e r e s t e d , o f fe llo w s h ip .

p e o p l e , m ad e p e o p l e

and d e v e lo p e d a s p i r i t

He f o u n d t h a t a p r o g r a m w i t h i n a d e q u a t e

s u p e r v i s i o n w as w o r s e t h a n n o p r o g r a m . ^ C l a u d e A . Brown m ade "A S u r v e y o f t h e R e c r e a t i o n a l C u rric u lu m o f S e le c te d C h u rc h e s,"

in 1939.

He a s s e r t e d

th a t

m any m i n i s t e r s o b j e c t e d t o h a v i n g a r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m w ith in

th e ch u rch b e ca u se:

c o u ld n o t be r e c o n c ile d ,

th e y f e l t

t h a t p la y and w o rs h ip

th e y o b je c te d to th e v a n d a lis m and

i r r e v e r e n c e w h i c h some o f t h e g r o u p s se e m e d t o b e c a u s e t h e y w e re s i m p l y I n d i f f e r e n t .

sh o w , o r

He f o u n d t h a t f e w o f

th e m in is te r s had s e r io u s ly c o n sid e re d r e c r e a t io n , and th a t som e t h o u g h t t h a t t h e c h u r c h h a d t o o much r e c r e a t i o n

a lre a d y .

O v e r h a l f o f t h e c h u r c h e s w e r e a t t e m p t i n g some t y p e o f

^ C h a r l e s M. B a c o n , " C h r i s t i a n E d u c a t i o n T h r o u g h R e c re a tio n in C e rta in S e m i- r u ra l C h u rc h e s ,” (u n p u b lis h e d M a s t e r 1s t h e s i s , T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 3 8 ).

15 re c re a tio n a l a c tiv ity .

Pew o f t h e c h u r c h e s s t u d i e d b y

B row n h a d a d e q u a t e l e a d e r s h i p ; m o s t o f th e m r e l i e d o f t h e r e g u l a r s t a f f m e m b e rs t o s u p e r v i s e

on o n e

th e r e c r e a tio n

p ro g ra m , o r e l s e d ep en d ed upon v o l u n t a r y a s s i s t a n t s "Why N o t H ave a C h u r c h L i b r a r y ? ” a rtic le

in

t h e M i s s i o n a r y R e v i e w . b y M, F . P o l g e r i n

The l i t e r a t u r e In d ia n a p o lis,

1939.

c o m m itte e o f t h e F i r s t F r i e n d s C h u rch in I n d i a n a , w a n ted to h av e a c h u rc h l i b r a r y .

b e g a n I n a s m a l l way b y p e o p l e b r i n g i n g re lig io u s ,

w as a n i n t e r e s t i n g

It

i n a fe w b o o k s on

ch u rch , o r p h ilo s o p h ic a l s u b je c ts .

The e f f o r t

g r e w , a n d m o re a n d m o re b o o k s w e r e g i v e n t o t h e l i b r a r y . The l i t e r a t u r e

c o m m i t t e e w as a b l e

A t th e tim e o f w r i t i n g , f o r a l l age g ro u p s, fa m ily l i f e

th e ch u rch l i b r a r y

in c lu d e d books

and in c lu d e d books o f f i c t i o n

or C h ristia n

A m ix e d c l a s s

t o b u y new b o o k s e a c h y e a r .

in

i n w h ic h

l i v i n g w ere e m p h a s iz e d . th e

s e n io r d e p a rtm e n t o f th e Sunday

S c h o o l o f C o llin g w o o d A venue P r e s b y t e r i a n O h io d e c i d e d t o s t u d y c o m m u n ity r e s o u r c e s .

C hurch o f T o le d o , T h e ir stu d y o f

th e r e c r e a tio n a l re s o u rc e s re v e a le d v e ry l i t t l e

b e in g done

C l a u d e A . B ro w n , "A S u r v e y o f t h e R e c r e a t i o n a l C u rric u lu m o f S e le c te d C h u rc h e s ,” (u n p u b lis h e d M a s te r 's t h e s i s , T he U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , L o s A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 9 ). ^ M. F , F o l g e r , "Why N o t H av e a C h u r c h L i b r a r y ? " M i s s i o n a r y R e v ie w . 6 2 :4 1 5 , S e p te m b e r , 1 9 3 9 ,

16 a lo n g c o - r e c r e a t i o n a l l i n e s . a c tiv ity

th e y m ost d e s i r e d ,

th e c h u rc h .

T he m i n i s t e r ,

S i n c e d a n c i n g se e m e d t h e o n e th e y ta lk e d o f h a v in g a dance a t

w h ile n o t opposed to d a n c in g ,

d o u b t e d t h e w is d o m o f h a v i n g t h e d a n c e a t t h e c h u r c h . w ere a b l e

to f i n d a c i t y p a rk s h e l t e r a m ile from t h e c h u rc h

w h ic h t h e y c o u ld r e n t f o r one d o l l a r an e v e n i n g . d e c id e d to a c e rta in

They

They

s p o n s o r a d a n c e f r o m 8 o ’ e l o c k t o 11 o ’ c l o c k on e v e n in g .

F o r t h e p e o p l e who a r r i v e d a h e a d o f t i m e ,

t h e y p la n n e d a gam e, a n d d u r in g t h e e v e n in g t h e y h a d s e v e r a l f e a t u r e s t o e n a b l e p e o p l e t o b eco m e a c q u a i n t e d .

I n t h i s way

g o o d a n d b a d d a n c e r s w ere th ro w n t o g e t h e r f o r a good t i m e . A f t e r th e dance th e y w ent to th e ch u rch f o r re fre s h m e n ts . T h i s p r o v e d so s u c c e s s f u l t h a t t h e y h a v e s i n c e h a d o t h e r p a rtie s,

in c lu d in g r o l le r - s k a tin g ,

p l a y s , b a d m in to n , and o t h e r gam es.

sk iin g ,

c o a stin g , re lig io u s

T h i s c h u r c h h a s now

becom e a p la y g r o u n d f o r t h e young p e o p le o f t h e c o m m u n i t y .^ T hese a r e e x a m p le s, c e n te re d re c r e a tio n .

It

stu d ie s,

and e x p e rim e n ts in c h u rc h -

w o u ld seem t h a t t h e c h u r c h h a s

a lw a y s f a v o r e d th e i n t e l l e c t u a l and a e s t h e t i c c u ltu re .

a sp e c ts o f

I t h a s opposed th e s p e c t a c u l a r , b o i s t e r o u s , and

b r u t a l ty p e s o f r e c r e a t i o n , w h ile f a v o r in g n a t u r a l a c t i v i t i e s , such a s w a lk in g ,

sw im m in g , a n d i n f o r m a l g a m e s .

I t has

20 j # M c K i n l e y , " E x p e r i m e n t i n C h u r c h C o - r e c r e a t i o n C o llin g w o o d A venue P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rch , T o le d o , O h io ," R e c r e a tio n . 3 3*382-3, O c to b e r, 1939.

17 o p p o sed s e c u l a r p la y s b u t fa v o r e d r e l i g i o u s dram a; i t h a s opposed th e

s o c i a l d a n c e , w h ile f a v o rin g p a r t i e s ,

and b a n q u e ts .

p ic n ic s,

I t h a s a lw a y s s to o d f o r c h a r a c t e r d e v e lo p ­

m e n t* ^ B u t t h e c h u r c h i s co m in g t o

fe e l th a t i t s

to

i n f l u e n c e a l l t h e p e o p l e o f t h e c o m m u n ity i n

of

life *

o ffic e is e v e ry phase

I t now s e e s t h e v a l u e o f p l a y a s a d e c i d e d l y

p o s itiv e c o n tr ib u to r to th e p h y s ic a l, m o ra l,

sp iritu a l,

and

s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f a d u l t a s w e l l a s o f y o u t h . 22 Im p o rta n c e o f r e c r e a t i o n T here i s

i n t h e c h u r c h 1s p r o g r a m *

p r o b a b l y g e n e r a l a g r e e m e n t on t h e f a c t t h a t t h e r e

i s m ore l e i s u r e

tim e to d a y f o r a l a r g e r p r o p o r tio n

p e o p le th a n e v e r b e f o r e in th e w o r ld ’ s h is to r y *

o f th e

T h is h a s

l a r g e ly been b ro u g h t ab o u t by te c h n o lo g ic a l changes and l a b o r - s a v i n g d e v ic e s o f a l l k in d s*

T he e x a c t a m o u n t o f

l e i s u r e w h ich th e a v e r a g e i n d i v i d u a l h a s a t h i s d i s p o s a l i s n o t k n o w n , b u t B d u a r d C . L in d e m a n i n h i s in 1939, s ta te d

stu d y o f L e is u r e ,

th a ts

F o r p l a n n i n g p u r p o s e s we m ay t h e n c o n c l u d e t h a t A m e r i c a n w o r k e r s w i l l w o rk 4 0 h o u r s , w i l l s l e e p 56 h o u r s , a n d w i l l e n jo y 72 h o u r s o f l e i s u r e e a c h w eek. I f t h o s e new i n c r e m e n t s o f l e i s u r e a r e n o t t o becom e i d l e n e s s , w a s t e , o r o p p o r t u n i t y f o r s h e e r

W eg en er, o p . c i t *. p p . 2 1 - 2 2 . 22 P o w e ll, p p .

c i t . . pp.

1 3 -1 4 .

18 m i s c h i e f , i t b e c o m e s c l e a r t h a t we m u s t f u r n i s h a n e n v i r o n m e n t i n w h i c h f r e e c h o i c e s m ay b e e x p r e s s e d i n p o s i t i v e w a y s .23 Man i s a b l e t o p r o d u c e t h e n e c e s s i t i e s

o f l i f e n o t o n ly in

l e s s tim e b u t w i t h t h e e x p e n d itu r e o f l e s s p re v io u s ly .

T h erefo re,

effo rt

t h e r e i s m ore p o t e n t i a l pow er

r e le a s e d f o r good o r f o r e v i l th a n e v e r b e f o r e . le isu re is of it

th u s b o th an a s s e t an d a l i a b i l i t y .

depends upon i t s

nT h e new The v a lu e

u s e . 11^

T h e re h a s a lw a y s b e en an i n c l i n a t i o n some t o m i s u s e l e i s u r e

th a n

on t h e p a r t o f

tim e , b u t th e u se o f l e i s u r e h a s

b e c o m e a m u ch m o re s e r i o u s p r o b l e m s i n c e h a s i n c r e a s e d so r a p i d l y .

th e am ount o f i t

C o m m ercial i n t e r e s t s h a v e t a k e n

a d v a n t a g e o f s o c i e t y * s u n p r e p a r e d n e s s t o m e e t t h e new l e i s u r e , by o ffe rin g a ttr a c tiv e is

a m u sem en ts.

S in c e f i n a n c i a l p r o f i t

th e u s u a l m o tiv e o f th e s e c o m m erc ial c o n c e r n s ,

th e ir

am u sem en ts a r e m ore a p t t o b e d e t r i m e n t a l t h a n b e n e f i c i a l . Too o f t e n

t h e y h a v e m ade g a m b l i n g , d r i n k i n g ,

d e b a sin g l i t e r a t u r e , a ttra c tiv e .

and q u e s tio n a b le

im m o ra lity ,

e n t e r t a i n m e n t se e m

Some o f t h e a m u s e m e n t s , w h i c h i n t h e m s e l v e s a r e

h a r m l e s s , h a v e b e co m e m e n a c e s b e c a u s e o f u n d e s i r a b l e s u r r o u n d ­ in g s. .

2 3 E d u a r d C. L i n d e m a n , L e i s u r e — A N a t i o n a l I s s u e (New Y o r k ; A s s o c i a t i o n P r e s s , 1 9 3 9 ) , p . 1 7 . 2 4 M a r t i n H. N e u m e y e r, L e i s u r e a n d R e c r e a t i o n (New Y o r k ; A . S . B a r n e s a n d C om pany, I n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 9 3 6 ) , p . 2 5 .

19 U n l e s s w h o le s o m e r e c r e a t i o n o r s e m i-p riv a te a g e n c ie s,

le isu re

is

p ro v id e d by th e p u b lic

i s bound to be m isu se d .

D e lin q u e n c y and c r i m i n a l i t y o f te n f o llo w i n m is u se .

t h e w ake o f s u c h

The c h u r c h e s , r e c o g n i z i n g t h i s m enace t o t h e y o u t h ,

a r e a w ak en in g to

th e r e a l i z a t i o n

w h o le s o m e r e c r e a t i o n

t h a t th e y sh o u ld p ro v id e

f o r th e young p e o p le o f t h e i r

com m uni­

tie s . One c h u r c h f o u n d t h a t b y f u r n i s h i n g r e c r e a t i o n a l a c tiv itie s red u ced .

in i t s

c o m m u n ity h o u s e , d e l i n q u e n c y w as g r e a t l y

T h e c o u r t s p a r o l e d m an y d e l i n q u e n t b o y s t o t h e

m i n i s t e r o f t h i s c h u r c h ; a l l b u t tw o ( t h e s e w e r e m e n t a l c a s e s ) m ade g o o d a s

soon a s t h e y h ad d e s i r a b l e a c t i v i t i e s

f o r t h e i r l e i s u r e tim e . T h e c h u r c h e s a r e c o m in g t o r e a l i z e

t h a t th e y need to

p r o v i d e w h o le s o m e r e c r e a t i o n n o t o n l y t o c o u n t e r a c t t h e e v i l s o f m is u se d l e i s u r e , b u t b e c a u s e r e c r e a t i o n h a s d e f i n i t e pow er in c h a r a c t e r b u i l d i n g . le sso n s o f c o o p e ra tio n , te n c e ,

se lf-d e n ia l,

w h ic h h e l p p r e p a r e c h i l d r e n

d iffic u ltie s

l a t e r in

o f p h y sic a l a c t iv i t y , n erv es,

T h ro u g h p l a y a r e

life .

le a rn e d

e n d u ran ce and p e r s i s ­

to fac e b a t t l e s

and

T h ro u g h gam es a n d o t h e r t y p e s

one d e v e l o p s e n d u r a n c e o f m u s c l e s a n d

keeps m e n ta lly a l e r t ,

and p ro d u ces a

jo y f u l and

^ Webb W a l d r o n , MA C h u r c h f o r A l l P e o p l e . w R e a d e r s -------------D ig e s t. 4 0 i2 3 -2 5 , A p r il, 1942.

20

o p tim istic

d is p o s itio n .^ ®

In w o rk in g w ith m a t e r i a l s in

c r e a t i v e w ork, one l e a r n s s e l f - c o n t r o l , t o h o ld an o b j e c t i v e sk ill.

27

c ia tiv e ,

p a tie n c e ,

s t e a d i l y in v ie w , c o n c e n t r a t i o n ,

R e c re a tio n a ls o and r e f l e c t i v e

s tim u la te s th e c r e a tiv e ,

life

i n f l u e n c e t o b e a r upon t h e i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n The s o c i a l a p p r o v a l o f o t h e r c h i l d r e n

ap p re­

so c ia liz in g th e g roup .

i s w o r t h m o re t h a n

and p e o p le o f a l l a g e s w i l l s t r i v e

a p p ro v a l o f th e group.

and

o f th e i n d iv i d u a l.

R e c re a tio n a l a c t i v i t i e s b rin g a stro n g

a d u lt a p p ro v a l,

th e pow er

fo r th e

B e lo n g in g to th e g ro u p , s h a r in g

its

r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a n d p l e a s u r e s , d e v e l o p s t h e lfwe f e e l i n g , 11 w h ic h i s

e x c e lle n t p re p a ra tio n

gam es a n d a c t i v i t i e s c o o p e ra tio n , frie n d sh ip ,

f o r d e m o c ra tic l i v i n g .

d e v e lo p su ch c h a r a c te r t r a i t s

c o u rte sy , g e n e ro sity , lo y a lty ,

to le ra n c e ,

G ro u p

as

ju s tic e ,

o b e d i e n c e , and- i n g e n e r a l t h e a b i l i t y

to g e t a lo n g w e ll w ith o t h e r s . S in c e p la y h a s pro v en i t s e l f

to be a f o r c e in h a b it

fo rm a tio n and c h a r a c te r b u ild in g , no s o c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y a c h u rc h , can e lim in a te r e c r e a t io n program . a c tiv itie s

fro m i t s

tfT h e b o y s h o u l d d e v e l o p t h r o u g h t h e s e r e c r e a t i o n a l th e h a b i t o f a p p ly in g C h r is tia n

id e a ls

to h i s

N eu m ey er, o p . c i t . . p . 7 8 . ^ H. A . O v e r s t r e e t , G u i d e t o C i v i l i z e d L e i s u r e (New Y o r k ; W. W. N o r t o n a n d C om pany, I n c o r p o r a t e d , 1 9 3 4 ) , p p . 3 6 -37

21

p la y l i f e

and to

o th e r s o c ia l c o n ta c ts .n

pQ

T he c h u r c h c a n

p r o v id e th e m ost i d e a l s u rro u n d in g and l e a d e r s h i p , and th u s le n d i t s

in flu e n c e in p re v e n tin g d e lin q u e n c y ,

c rim in a lity ,

r a i s i n g m oral s ta n d a r d s ,

re d u c in g

and d e v e lo p in g sound

c h a ra c te r. ”T h e c h u r c h * s n a t u r a l m e a n s o f a p p r o a c h ,

e s p e c ia l l y to

th e young l i f e w h ic h i t

o f t h e c o m m u n i ty , i s t h r o u g h t h e p l e a s u r e s , pq o f f e r s to th e m .1 Y oung p e o p l e n e e d t o f e e l t h a t

th e c h u rc h i s

in te re s te d

i n t h e i r w h o le l i v e s ,

W ith in th e c h u rc h , r e c r e a t i o n

in c lu d in g p la y .

c an b e k e p t c l e a n and w h o leso m e.

T he n a t u r a l s e l f i s h n e s s a n d d i s h o n e s t y w h i c h c h i l d r e n d i s p l a y i n u n d i r e c t e d p l a y , m ay b e c o r r e c t e d a n d c h a n g e d i n t o d e s i r ­ a b le t r a i t s

under p ro p er su p e rv isio n .

P la y and r e c r e a t i o n have a d e f i n i t e r e l a t i o n s h i p to r e l i g i o u s e d u c a tio n , t h a t th e y p o s s e s s in h e r e n t v a lu e a s m eans o f t r a i n i n g i n C h r i s t i a n c h a r a c t e r , and t h a t th e y t h e r e f o r e h ave a v a l i d c la im upon th e th o u g h tf u l a t t e n t i o n o f t h o s e i n t h e c h u r c h w hose t a s k i t i s t o le a d th e u n f o ld in g l i f e o f c h ild h o o d and y o u th to i t s h ig h e s t and b e s t e x p r e s s io n . S in c e i t p ro p o rtio n

is

e v id e n t t h a t l e is u r e

is

w ith us in g r e a t e r

t h a n e v e r b e f o r e , a n d s i n c e w h o le s o m e r e c r e a t i o n

pq

° W. R a l p h L a P o r t e , R e c r e a t i o n a l L e a d e r s h i p o f B o y s (New York': T h e M e t h o d i s t B ook C o n c e r n , 1 9 2 7 ) , p . 4 4 . 29 H o w ard P . Y o u n g , C h a r a c t e r T h r o u g h R e c r e a t i o n ( P h i l a d e l p h i a : A m e ric an S u n d a y S c h o o l U n io n , 1 9 1 5 ) , p . 2 2 4 . 30 H e r b e r t W. G a t e s , R e c r e a t i o n a n d t h e C h u r c h (C h ic a g o ; P u b l i c a t i o n s o f R e lig io u s E d u c a tio n , 1 9 1 7)7 pp. 2 0 -2 1 .

o ffers

t h e m e a n s b y w h i c h l e i s u r e m ay b e t u r n e d f r o m m i s e r y

in to h a p p in e ss ,

it

seem ed e x p e d i e n t t o a s c e r t a i n

t h e c h u r c h e s w ere d o in g t o m eet t h i s

c h a lle n g e .

s tu d y a p p e a re d s u f f i c i e n t l y im p o r ta n t to

ju stify

j u s t w hat T hus,

th is

i t s need.

CHAPTER I I I THE MATERIALS USED AND CHURCHES STUDIED Q u e s t i o n n a i r e u s e d b y t h e c h u r c h e s a n d how a d m in iste re d .

T h i s s t u d y w as b e g u n i n

se n d in g q u e s tio n n a ir e s

th e S p r in g o f 1941 b y

to fo rty -tw o c h u rc h es w ith in

b o u n d a rie s o f th e W ils h ire d i s t r i c t a s s e t f o r t h s tu d y .^

T h e se q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere m a ile d to

o f th e c h u rc h e s , a lo n g w ith a l e t t e r

a d d r e s s e d e n v e l o p e w as e n c l o s e d a l s o ,

p

th e m in is te r s

A stam p ed ,

se lf-

so t h a t t h e c h u r c h

th e q u e s t io n n a ir e .

T w e n ty -o n e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere f i l l e d w i t h i n a few w e e k s .

in t h i s

e x p l a i n i n g how t h e

m a t e r i a l t h u s g a t h e r e d w as t o b e u s e d .

w o u ld be a t no e x p e n s e i n r e t u r n i n g

th e

in and re tu rn e d

F o u r w ere r e t u r n e d u n c la im e d b y

c h u rc h e s w h ic h h ad a p p a r e n t l y c e a s e d to e x i s t .

At th e end

o f t h r e e w e e k s a n o t h e r q u e s t i o n n a i r e w as s e n t t o f i f t e e n c h u rch es th a t had n o t resp o n d ed . p u rp o se o f th e

stu d y ,

A le tte r

and a sta m p e d ,

w ere e n c l o s e d w ith t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e .

e x p la in in g th e

se lf-a d d re sse d

e n v e lo p e ,

(S eco n d q u e s t io n ­

n a i r e s w e r e n o t s e n t t o t h e tw o C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e c h u r c h e s

1 C f. a n te , p

found in

p . 3.

A c o p y o f t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e a n d l e t t e r m ay b e th e A p p e n d ix , p p . 1 3 1 -1 3 3 .

24 w h ich f a i l e d

to re sp o n d ,

s i n c e i t was a s c e r t a i n e d fro m t h e

S c ie n c e c h u rc h e s t h a t d id r e p ly , and th ro u g h c o n v e rs a tio n w i t h m em b ers o f t h a t d e n o m i n a t i o n ,

t h a t S c ie n c e ch u rch es

d id n o t sp o n so r any r e c r e a tio n a l a c t i v i t i e s . )

T h is seco n d

e f f o r t b r o u g h t r e p l i e s fro m t h r e e m ore c h u r c h e s . S e p te m b e r, 1941, a t h i r d

le tte r,

s e lf - a d d r e s s e d e n v e lo p e ,

w e r e s e n t t o t h e c h u r c h e s w h ic h

s t i l l had n o t resp o n d ed . in th e

q u e stio n n a ire ,

In and sta m p e d

Two m o re r e p l i e d b y e i t h e r f i l l i n g

q u e stio n n a ire o r by a l e t t e r o f e x p la n a tio n .

f o r t y - t w o c h u rc h e s t h a t w ere s e n t q u e s t i o n n a i r e s ,

Of th e

o n ly

t w e n t y - s i x r e s p o n d e d i n a n y w ay. Q u e stio n n a ire used by p a r t i c i p a n t s . a sc e rta in

th e a t t i t u d e

o f th e p a r tic ip a n ts

In o r d e r to to w a rd th e

r e c r e a t i o n a l program s o f t h e c h u rc h e s , a second ty p e o f q u e s t i o n n a i r e was u s e d . ^ p r i n c i p a l o f th e ta u g h t,

W ith th e p e r m i s s i o n o f th e

j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l w here t h e I n v e s t i g a t o r

t h e s e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w e r e u s e d am ong 1 8 0 o f t h e

p u p ils in h e r c la s s e s . w as e x p l a i n e d t o

The p u rp o s e o f t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e

th e p u p ils b e fo re th e y f i l l e d

th e m i n ,

so

t h e y w o u ld f e e l n o r e s t r a i n t i n a n s w e r in g t h e q u e s t i o n s . T hey w ere t o l d u n le ss

t h a t th e y d id n o t need to

th e y f e l t

sig n

t h e i r nam es

t h a t th e y had been u n a b le to e x p re s s

® C f . p o s t , A p p e n d i x , p . 133*

25 th e m se lv e s s u f f i c i e n t l y th ro u g h th e q u e s tio n n a ir e , th e y w ish e d t o

ta lk

o r u n le ss

f u r t h e r w ith th e i n v e s ti g a t o r a b o u t th e

m a tte r o f re c re a tio n * Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere g iv e n t o th e r e c r e a t i o n a l d ire c to rs

o f th e

c h u r c h e s h a v i n g m o re e x t e n s i v e

program s.

T hese d i r e c t o r s c o o p e ra te d b y h a v in g th e q u e s t io n n a ir e s fille d

in by p u p ils in th e Sunday sc h o o l or Sunday e v e n in g

gro u p s o f th e h ig h

sch o o l and c o lle g e d e p a rtm e n ts .

O n ly

tw e n ty -s e v e n o f th e s e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere c o m p le te d an d re tu rn e d to

th e i n v e s t i g a t o r .

P e rso n a l in te rv ie w w ith m in is te r and c h u rc h l e a d e r s . B e tw e e n J a n u a r y a n d J u n e ,

1942,

th o s e c h u rc h e s w h ich h a d an

e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m w ere c o n t a c t e d a g a i n .

A

p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w w as m ade w i t h t h e m i n i s t e r ( o r h i s a ssista n t)

a n d t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l l e a d e r s whom t h e s e c h u r c h e s

e m p lo y ed .

T he o b j e c t o f t h e p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w w as t o

c l a r i f y a n y p o i n t s w h i c h h a d n o t b e e n m ade c l e a r o n t h e q u e stio n n a ire . a ttitu d e

An e f f o r t w as a l s o m ade t o d e t e r m i n e , t h e

o f t h e s e l e a d e r s to w a rd t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m s ,

and to a s c e r t a i n

t h e i r r e a s o n s f o r h a v in g a r e c r e a t i o n a l

p ro g ram . C hurches s tu d i e d .

In c lu d e d in

th is

s tu d y w ere

c h u r c h e s o f e le v e n m a jo r d e n o m i n a t i o n s b e s i d e s s e v e n m ore in d iv id u a listic

ch u rch es.

T he d e n o m i n a t i o n s i n c l u d e d w e r e s

26 C a th o lic ,

Je w ish , C h r is tia n S c i e n t i s t , P r e s b y te r ia n ,

C h ris tia n , g a tio n a l, lis t

L u th e ra n , M e th o d is t, B a p ti s t , L a tte r-D a y S a in ts , U n ity ,

E p is c o p a l, C o n g re­

and C h i r o t h e s i a n .

A

o f t h e c h u r c h e s t o w h i c h q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w e r e s e n t m ay

be fo u n d in th e A p p e n d ix .4

T he s i x t e e n

c h u rc h e s from w h ic h

no q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere r e t u r n e d w ere n o t i n c l u d e d In t h i s stu d y .

N in e c h u r c h e s t h a t d i d r e p l y ,

r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram . g ro u p s o r a c t i v i t i e s

s a i d t h e y h a d no

F our o f th e s e n in e d id n o t check any on t h e i r q u e s t i o n n a i r e s ,

s t u d y w a s m ad e o f th em *

so no f u r t h e r

F iv e o f t h e s e , a lth o u g h sa y in g th e y

h a d n o r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m , d i d c h e c k some o f t h e g r o u p s and a c t i v i t i e s

lis te d .

such lim ite d program s,

T hese f o u r ,

and n in e o th e r s had

t h a t th e s tu d y o f t h e i r r e c r e a t io n a l

p r o g r a m s w as b a s e d o n l y on t h e i n f o r m a t i o n q u e stio n n a ire s.

s e c u r e d from t h e

A m o re t h o r o u g h s t u d y w as m ad e o f t h e e i g h t

c h u r c h e s w h ic h h a d e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m s .

T he

s t u d y o f t h e p r o g r a m s o f t h e s e c h u r c h e s w as b a s e d on t h e in fo rm a tio n

s e c u r e d fro m t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s an d fro m

p e rs o n a l in te r v ie w s w ith th e m in is te r s and r e c r e a t i o n a l le a d e rs.

4

C f. p o s t , A p p e n d ix , p . 134.

CHAPTER IV THE RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere s e n t to f o r t y - t w o th e W ilsh ire D i s t r i c t , q u e stio n n a ire s.

ch u rch es o f

b u t o n ly tw e n ty -s ix re tu r n e d t h e i r

Of t h e s e ,

f i v e h ad no r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m ,

so no f u r t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n was g iv e n t o

th em .

A stu d y o f

t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m s o f t h e tw e n ty - o n e c h u r c h e s , w hose q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere r e t u r n e d w ith in f o r m a tio n th e ir re c re a tio n ,

w i l l b e m ade i n

w i l l be d iv id e d i n to sta tistic a l ch u rch es;

th is c h a p te r.

The s tu d y

th e fo llo w in g th r e e d i v i s i o n s :

stu d y o f th e q u e s tio n n a ire s o f a l l

(2)

c o n c e rn in g

(1 )

a

tw e n ty -o n e

th e pro g ram s o f t h e c h u rc h e s h a v in g l i m i t e d

r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s ; a n d (3 )

th e program s o f t h e c h u rc h e s

h a v in g e x te n s iv e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s. T hroughout t h i s

s tu d y , a d u l t g ro u p s ( i n c l u d in g m en*s,

w o m e n * s, a n d m ix e d ) w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s t h o s e b e y o n d c o l l e g e age,

o r from a b o u t t w e n t y - t h r e e y e a r s o f a g e o n .

c o ll e g e a g e , fro m e ig h te e n in c lu d e d in A c tiv itie s

to

T hose o f

t w e n t y - t h r e e y e a r s , w ere

t h e g r o u p s f o r y o u n g men a n d y o u n g women. f o r th o s e u n d e r c o l l e g e ag e fro m n in e to e ig h te e n

y ears,

w ere p l a c e d i n

g irls *

g ro u p s.

th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n

c a l l e d b o y s*

and

28

I.

STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES

O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r women.

As m ay b e s e e n f r o m T a b l e I

a l l o f th e c h u rc h e s e x c e p t fo u r r e p o r te d o rg a n iz a tio n

f o r women.

I t was f e l t

some t y p e o f

t h a t p ro b a b ly even

t h e s e f o u r h a d some g r o u p s f o r women, b u t t h a t t h e p e r s o n fillin g

in

th e q u e s tio n n a ire had n o t checked i t

sin c e th e

p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f t h e g r o u p w as n o t r e c r e a t i o n . w ere f o r t y - o n e o r g a n i z a t i o n s r e p o r t e d b y th e c h u r c h e s t h a t d i d c h e c k women1s g r o u p s . w ere m i s s i o n a r y in p u r p o s e , t h i r t e e n

T h ere

se v e n te e n

Of th e s e ,

fiv e

o rg a n iz e d p r im a r ily to

f u r t h e r t h e w o rk o f t h a t p a r t i c u l a r c h u r c h , a n d f i v e w h i c h co m b in ed t h e s e

tw o p u r p o s e s .

S ew in g c i r c l e s w ere r e p o r t e d

b y s i x c h u r c h e s , a n d t w e lv e g r o u p s w ere c h e c k e d w h ic h c o u ld n o t be c la s s if i e d . one g ro u p s w ith in

T h e r e w e r e r e a l l y i|iany m o re t h a n f o r t y th e se c h u rc h es,

f o r in

th e l a r g e r c h u rc h e s

e a c h o f t h e b i g o r g a n i z a t i o n s w as d i v i d e d i n t o m any g r o u p s . The l a r g e r c h u r c h e s fo u n d i t d e s i r a b l e t o d i v i d e t h e o rg a n iz a tio n

in to

g e o g ra p h ic b a s is )

s m a l l e r g r o u p s ( u s u a l l y d o n e on a s o t h a t t h e women c o u l d b e c o m e b e t t e r

a c q u a in te d w ith each o th e r , and have g r e a t e r ease in g e ttin g to th e m e e tin g s . O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r m en. r e v e a le d in T a b le I I , h a d a m en’ s c l u b .

A c c o rd in g to th e f a c t s

f o u r te e n o f th e tw e n ty -o n e c h u rc h e s

T h a t was t h e o n l y ty p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n

29

TABLE I ORGANIZATIONS FOR WOMEN BY CHURCHES CHURCH

G u ild # L a d i e s M i s s i o n - S e w in g O t h e r s A id ary C irc le

T o ta l fo r each

5

13

5

6

12

Amanda C h a p e l A rlin g to n A ve. C h r is tia n B e th e l E v a n g e lic a l L u th . C h r i s t t h e K in g ( C a t h .) C ochran A ve. B a p t i s t Mogen D a v i d C o n g r e g a t i o n P ic o H e ig h ts C h r is tia n S c h a e f l e M e m o ria l S i n a i T e m p le S t . P a u l 's M e th o d ist S t . Thom as C a t h o l i c W ilsh ire B a p tis t W i l s h i r e B l v d . T e m p le -iHt C a th e d ra l C hapel C hurch o f th e L a tte r - D a y Im m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n S t . Jam es E p is c o p a l W ilsh ire C h ris tia n W ilsh ire C re st P re s b y te ria n W ils h ir e M e th o d ist W ilsh ire P re s b y te ria n

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

0 0 1 5 ' 0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

2 2 4 0 0 0 0 2

#

In c h u r c h e s w h ere t h e u s u a l L a d i e s T A id a n d M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y a c t i v i t i e s w e re co m b in ed i n t o one o r g a n i z a t i o n , th e i n v e s ti g a t o r d e s ig n a te d i t . a s a g u ild in th e s e t a b l e s .

## I n d ic a te s a s e p a r a tio n o f th e c h u rc h e s w ith lim ite d r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s fro m th o s e e x te n s i v e p ro g ra m s.

30

TABLE I I MEN*S CLUB AND MIXED ORGANIZATIONS BY CHURCHES CHURCH M en Ts C lu b T o ta l fo r each Amanda C h a p e l ( E p i s c o p a l ) A r lin g to n A ve. C h r i s t ia n B e th e l E v a n g e lic a l L u th e ra n C h r i s t th e K in g ( C a t h o l i c ) C o ch ran Avenue B a p t i s t Mogen D a v i d C o n g r e g a t i o n ( J e w i s h ) P ic o H e ig h ts C h r is tia n S e h a e f l e M e m o ria l C o n g r e g a t i o n a l S i n a i T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) S t . P a u l1s M e th o d ist S t . T hom as C a t h o l i c W ilsh ire B a p tis t W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) C a th e d ra l C hapel (C a th o lic ) C hurch o f th e L a tte r - D a y S a i n t s Im m an u al P r e s b y t e r i a n S t . Jam es E p is c o p a l W ilsh ire C h ris tia n W ilsh ire C re st P re s b y te ria n W ils h ir e M e th o d is t W ilsh ire P re s b y te ria n

M I X E D G R 0 U PS Sunday Y oung O th e rs E v en in g M a rrie d

14

6

6

2

1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

31

f o r men e x c e p t S u n d a y s c h o o l c l a s s e s , w h i c h w e r e n o t in c lu d e d in t h i s

stu d y *

O r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r men a n d women * a ls o be found th e f i g u r e s

E ig h t c h u rc h e s r e p o r te d a

such g ro u p s.

S i x o f t h e s e w ere o f t h e

C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r t y p e , m e e t i n g on S u n d a y e v e n i n g s . o f th e ch u rch es had s ix

m ay

f o r t h e num ber o f g r o u p s i n w h ic h

men a n d women m e t t o g e t h e r * t o t a l o f fo u rte e n

In T a b le I I ,

F iv e

g ro u p s f o r young m a r r ie d c o u p le s ,

o n e c h u r c h h a v i n g tw o s u c h g r o u p s . d r a m a tic c lu b an d an o r g a n i z a t i o n

The o t h e r g r o u p s w e r e a f o r b u s i n e s s men a n d

women • O r g a n iz a tio n s f o r young p e o p le . T a b le I I I ,

In

stu d y in g

I t m ay r e a d i l y b e s e e n t h a t t h r e e c h u r c h e s h a d

o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r y o u n g women. o rg a n iz a tio n s,

T h e re w ere f o u r s u c h

s i n c e o n e c h u r c h h a d tw o g r o u p s .

T h e r e w e re

se v e n o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r young m en, r e p o r t e d b y f i v e c h u r c h e s . S ix te e n c h u rc h e s r e p o r te d no o r g a n iz a tio n yo u n g m en.

o f any k in d f o r

M ix e d g r o u p s f o r y o u n g p e o p l e s e e m e d m o re I n

dem and, f o r e le v e n c h u r c h e s r e p o r t e d g ro u p s w h ich i n c l u d e d b o t h y o u n g men a n d y o u n g women.

E ig h t o f th e s e o rg a n iz a tio n s

w ere t h o s e m e e tin g r e g u l a r l y S u n d a y e v e n i n g s , E n d eav o r ty p e o f g ro u p .

T h re e w ere g r o u p s w h ic h m et d u r i n g

t h e w eek f o r s t u d y a n d r e c r e a t i o n . no o r g a n i z a t i o n

as a C h ristia n

N in e c h u r c h e s r e p o r t e d

o f a n y k in d f o r t h e young p e o p le o f t h e i r

32

TABLE I I I ORGANIZATIONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE BY CHURCHES CHURCH

M ix e d G roups

Y oung Women

Y oung Men

T o ta l fo r each

4

7

11

Amanda C h a p e l ( E p i s c o p a l ) A r l i n g t o n Avenue C h r i s t i a n B e th e l E v a n g e lic a l L u th e ra n C h r i s t t h e K in g ( C a t h o l i c ) C ochran A venue B a p t i s t Mogen D a v i d C o n g r e g a t i o n ( J e w i s h ) P ic o H e ig h ts C h r is tia n S c h a e f l e M e m o ria l C o n g r e g a t i o n a l S i n a i T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) S t . P a u l 1s M e t h o d i s t S t . T hom as C a t h o l i c W ilsh ire B a p tis t W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) C a th e d ra l C hapel (C a th o lic ) C h urch o f th e L a tte r - D a y S a i n t s Im m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n S t . Jam es E p is c o p a l W ilsh ire C h ris tia n W ilsh ire C re st P re s b y te ria n W ils h ir e M e th o d ist W ilsh ire P re s b y te ria n

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 0

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1



33 ch u rch es. O rg a n iz a tio n s f o r g i r l s .

As may b e s e e n f r o m

T a b le IV , n i n e c h u r c h e s h a d no g i r l s *

c lu b s o f any k in d .

The o t h e r t w e lv e c h u r c h e s r e p o r t e d a t o t a l o f tw e n ty - tw o c lu b s f o r g i r l s .

Some o f t h e s e w e r e s t u d y a n d r e c r e a t i o n a l

c l u b s w h i c h m e t d u r i n g t h e w e e k , a n d some w e r e c h o i r c l u b s . T h re e o f t h e s e c l u b s w ere f o r g i r l s u n d e r j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l age.

S ix o f th e c h u rc h e s r e p o r te d seven c lu b s f o r g i r l s

of

ju n io r h ig h sc h o o l a g e , w h ile f o u r c h u rc h e s r e p o r te d f i v e gro u p s f o r s e n io r h ig h sc h o o l g i r l s .

The sev en c l u b s f o r

m ix e d a g e s r e p o r t e d b y f o u r c h u r c h e s , w e re f o r t h e m o st p a r t g irls *

c h o irs . O rg a n iz a tio n s f o r b o y s.

By r e f e r r i n g

m ay b e f o u n d t h a t e i g h t e e n o f t h e a t l e a s t one c lu b f o r b o y s. ch u rch es fu rn is h e d s ix ty - n in e age o r y o u n g er.

t o T a b l e V, i t

tw e n ty -o n e c h u rc h e s had

A lto g e th e r th e s e e ig h te e n c lu b s f o r b oys o f h ig h s c h o o l

By f a r t h e g r e a t e r n u m b e r , f o r t y - e i g h t ,

w e r e c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e Y oung M en*s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n . Ten o f t h e s e w ere f o r school age,

ju n io r boys,

fifte e n

f o r ju n io r h ig h

and tw e n ty - th r e e f o r boys o f s e n i o r h ig h s c h o o l.

G r o u p s s p o n s o r e d b y t h e B oy S c o u t s o f A m e r i c a w e re n e x t num ero u s,

t h e r e b e in g s e v e n te e n o f th e m .

One o f t h e s e w as

a Cub T r o o p f o r b o y s u n d e r t w e l v e , f o u r t e e n w e r e r e g u l a r Boy S c o u t T ro o p s f o r b o y s o v e r tw e lv e y e a r s o f a g e ,

a n d tw o

34

TABLE IV GIRLS* CLUBS BY CHURCHES CHURCH

Ju n io rs

Ju n io r H ig h

S e n io r H ig h

M ix e d * A ges

T o ta l fo r each

3

7

5

7

Am anda C h a p e l ( E p i s c o p a l ) A r l i n g t o n A venue C h r i s t i a n B e th e l E v a n g e lic a l L u th e ra n C h r i s t th e K in g ( C a t h o l i c ) C o ch ran A venue B a p t i s t Mogen D a v i d C o n g r e g a t i o n ( J e w i s h ) P ic o H e ig h ts C h r is tia n S c h a e f l e M e m o ria l C o n g r e g a t i o n a l S i n a i T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) S t* P a u l ’ s M e th o d is t S t . T hom as C a t h o l i c W ilsh ire B a p tis t W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) C a th e d ra l C hapel (C a th o lic ) C hurch o f th e L a t te r - D a y S a i n t s Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n S t* Jam es E p is c o p a l W ilsh ire C h r is tia n W ilsh ire C re st P re s b y te ria n W ils h ir e M e th o d ist W ilsh ire P re s b y te ria n

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

* M ix e d a g e o r a g e s n o t g i v e n .

35 TABLE V BOYS* CLUBS BY CHURCHES CHURCH Cub T o ta l f o r each Amanda C h a p e l (E p is c o p a l) A r lin g to n Ave. C h ristia n B e th e l E vang. L u th e ra n C h r i s t t h e K in g (C a th o lic ) C o ch ran Avenue B a p tist Mogen D a v i d C on­ g re g a tio n P ic o H e ig h ts C h ristia n S c h a e f l e M e m o ria l C o n g re g a tio n a l S i n a i T e m p le ( Je w ish ) S t . P a u l* s M e th . S t . Thom as C a t h . W ilsh ire B a p tis t W ils h ir e B lv d . T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) C a th e d ra l C hapel C hurch o f L a t t e r D ay S a i n t s Im m anuel P r e s b y ­ te ria n S t . Jam es E p is . W ilsh ire C h r is t. W ilsh ire C re st P re sb y te ria n W i l s h i r e M eth . W ilsh ire P resb y ­ te ria n

SCOUTING S c o u t Sea

Y. M. C. A. GROUPS Y .T rib e J r . H i -Y H i- Y

OTHER*

"2"

10

15

23

4

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0

1 1

1 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0 1 0

1 1 1

1 0 0

3 0 0

4 1 0

7 2 0

1 0 0

0 0

1 1

0 0

1 3

1 6

5 6

0 0

0

1

0

2

1

1

0

1

14

0

36 w ere S ea S c o u t T ro o p s f o r b o y s o v e r f i f t e e n

y e a r s o f a g e who

are p a rtic u la rly in te re s te d

T h e re w ere f o u r

in n a v ig a tio n .

m i s c e l l a n e o u s c l u b s , w h i c h i n c l u d e d b o y s* b o x in g c lu b .

c h o ir s and a

T h e re w ere o n ly t h r e e c h u rc h e s t h a t r e p o r t e d

no s p e c ia l groups f o r boys as p a r t o f t h e i r o r g a n iz a tio n . M ix e d g r o u p s f o r b o y s a n d g i r l s . f a c t s r e v e a le d in T ab le V I, o f o rg a n iz a tio n

six te e n

f o r boys and g i r l s

A c co rd in g to th e

c h u r c h e s h a d som e t y p e to g e th e r,

c h u rc h e s o f f e r e d no su ch o r g a n i z a t i o n .

w h ile s i x

T he s i x t e e n c h u r c h e s

o f f e r e d t w e n t y - e i g h t o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r m ix e d g r o u p s ,

seven­

te e n o f w h ich w ere th e C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r ty p e o f g r o u p . U n d er t h a t h e a d in g w ere in c lu d e d a l l g ro u p s m e e tin g r e g u l a r ­ l y on S u n d a y s b u t w h i c h w e r e n o t d i r e c t l y c o n n e c t e d w i t h Sunday school c la s s e s . g ro u p s o f t h i s th e

T h e r e w e r e tw o c h u r c h e s t h a t h a d

k in d m e e tin g S u n d a y m o rn in g f o r c h i l d r e n

ju n io r age p e rio d .

of

T h e s e g r o u p s m et w h ile r e g u l a r

c h u r c h s e r v i c e w as i n p r o g r e s s .

S ix c h u rc h es had C h r is tia n

E n d eav o r ty p e g ro u p s f o r c h i l d r e n o f j u n i o r h ig h s c h o o l a g e . Some o f t h e s e m e t i n

t h e m o rn in g w h i l e r e g u l a r c h u r c h

s e r v i c e w a s g o i n g o n , a n d some o f th e m m e t i n F o r boys and g i r l s

th e e v e n in g .

o f s e n io r h ig h sc h o o l a g e , n in e c h u rc h es

h a d o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h ic h m et r e g u l a r l y e v e r y S u n d ay e v e n in g . T h e re w ere e i g h t c h u r c h e s w i t h a t o t a l o f e le v e n g r o u p s , n o t in c lu d e d in

th e above c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .

Some o f t h e s e

37

TABLE V I MIXED GROUPS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS BY CHURCHES CHURCH

OTHER* CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR* S r.H ig h J u n io r J r.H ig h

T o ta l f o r each

2

6

w

11

Amanda C h a p e l ( E p i s c o p a l ) A r l i n g t o n A venue C h r i s t i a n B e th e l E v a n g e lic a l L u th e ra n C h r i s t t h e K in g ( C a t h o l i c ) C och ran Avenue B a p t i s t Mogen D a v i d C o n g r e g a t i o n ( J e w i s h ) P ic o H e ig h ts C h r i s t ia n S c h a e f l e M e m o ria l C o n g r e g a t i o n a l S i n a i T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) S t . P a u l 1s M e t h o d i s t S t . T hom as C a t h o l i c W ilsh ire B a p tis t W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d T e m p le ( J e w i s h ) C a th e d ra l C hapel ( C a th o lic ) ' C hurch o f th e L a t te r - D a y S a i n t s Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n S t* Jam es E p i s c o p a l W ilsh ire C h ris tia n Y lils h ire C re s t P r e s b y te ria n W ils h ire M e th o d is t W ilsh ire P re s b y te ria n

0 0

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

0 1

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0

*

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

.

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

T h e s e i n c l u d e d g r o u p s m e e t i n g r e g u l a r l y on S u n d a y , b u t n o t S unday s c h o o l g ro u p s*

** T h is in c lu d e d g ro u p s o f th e C h r is tia n E ndeavor ty p e , t h e a g e o f g r o u p was n o t g i v e n .

w here

g ro u p s w ere C h r i s t i a n E n d ea v o r S o c i e t i e s t h e g r o u p w as n o t g i v e n ,

some w e r e c h i l d r e n ’ s c h o i r s ,

some w e r e g r o u p s t h a t m e t d u r i n g in stru c tio n II.

in w h ic h t h e a g e o f and

t h e w e ek f o r r e l i g i o u s

and r e c r e a t io n . PROGRAMS OP THE CHURCHES HAVING LIMITED RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS

Amanda C h a p e l . in

T h is i s an E p is c o p a li a n

1941 h a d a m e m b e rs h ip o f 4 5 0 .

It

c h u rc h w h ich

o f f e r e d no c lu b f o r

boys ex cep t th e Sunday sch o o l and a b o y s’ c h o ir . g irls

t h e r e w ere p r o v i d e d a g i r l s *

c h o ir,

F o r th e

a G irls F rie n d ly

S o c i e t y o f a b o u t tw e lv e m em bers, an d a J u n i o r G i r l s F r i e n d l y S o c i e t y o f f i f t e e n m em bers. Woman’ s G u i l d .

T h e r e w as a Men’ s C lu b a n d a

T h e Woman’ s G u i l d w a s d i v i d e d i n t o g r o u p s ,

tw o o f w h i c h w e r e f o r y o u n g m o t h e r s . had s o c ia l a f f a i r s th e c h u rc h .

i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e i r u s u a l w o rk f o r

T h e r e w as a l s o a l i v e

m a rrie d p e o p le .

o rg a n iz a tio n

T h is group h ad d a n c e s ,

s o c i a l g a t h e r i n g s a b o u t o n c e a m o n th . no r e c r e a t io n a l d i r e c t o r , n o r d id i t a c tiv itie s .

Each o f th e s e g ro u p s

p a rtie s,

f o r young or o th e r

T he c h u r c h e m p l o y e d sponsor any a t h l e t i c

I t w as e q u i p p e d w i t h c l u b ro o m s a n d a s t a g e

f o r d ra m a tic s. A r l i n g t o n A venue C h r i s t i a n C h u rc h . th r e e c lu b s f o r boy s:

T h is c h u rc h h ad

a Boy S c o u t T ro o p , a J r .

H I-Y , and a

39 H I-Y .

T he g i r l s h a d a T r i a n g l e C l u b .

T h e re w ere t h r e e

y o u th g r o u p s , w h ic h p re s u m a b ly w ere s i m i l a r to C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r C h r i s t i a n Y o u th F e l l o w s h i p .

A d a n c i n g c l u b w as

c h e c k e d among t h e m i s c e l l a n e o u s g r o u p . b a ll,

v o lle y b a ll ,

b ic y c lin g , as spo n so red .

te n n is,

th e a t h l e t i c

It

checked b a s k e t­

sk a tin g , h o rseb ack r id in g , a c tiv itie s

and

w h ic h t h e c h u r c h

T he c h u r c h w a s e q u i p p e d w i t h g y m n a s iu m , c l u b

room s, and a s ta g e f o r d r a m a tic s .

T he o n l y r e c r e a t i o n a l

l e a d e r a t t h i s c h u r c h w a s a p a r t - t i m e v o l u n t a r y b o y s*

w o rk

d ire c to r. B e th e l E v a n g e lic a l L u th e ra n C h u rch .

N one o f t h e

u s u a l c h a r a c t e r - b u i l d i n g g ro u p s w ere c h e c k e d a s b e in g sp o n so red by t h i s

ch u rch .

w as a n o r g a n i z a t i o n

T h e re w as a L u t h e r L e a g u e , w h ic h

s im ila r in

ty p e t o t h e E p w o rth L eag u e

o r C h ris tia n Endeavor b u t p e c u lia r to

th e L u th e ra n C h urch.

T he o t h e r g r o u p s s p o n s o r e d b y t h i s c h u r c h w e r e : A i d S o c i e t y , wom en1 s m i s s i o n a r y s o c i e t y , a n d a m en’ s c l u b .

y o u n g women* s c l u b ,

V o l l e y b a l l and b a d m in to n w ere s p o n s o r e d

b y th e c h u rc h , w h ic h h a d no o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s It

had no r e c r e a tio n a l w o rk ers, C h rist

in

th e

L a d ie s1

e ith e r v o lu n ta ry o r p a id .

t h e K in g C a t h o l i c C h u r c h .

q u e stio n n a ire

fo r

T he p e r s o n f i l l i n g

t h i s c h u r c h , c h e c k e d Bn o H r e c r e a ­

t i o n a l p ro g ra m f o r i t s m e m b e rsh ip o f t h i r t e e n h a d a se w in g c i r c l e ,

fo r re c re a tio n .

a m en’ s c l u b ,

h u n d red .

a n d a n ^ o t h e r 1* g r o u p .

It

40 It

had no p a id o r v o lu n ta r y r e c r e a t i o n a l le a d e r s .

I t w as

e q u ip p e d w ith c lu b ro o m s. C o ch ran A venue B a p t i s t C h u rc h . had ta k e n p la c e a t t h i s ch u rch j u s t s t u d y was m ad e.

A change o f m in is te r s

t h r e e m o n th s b e f o r e t h i s

T he m i n i s t e r c h e c k e d t h a t t h e c h u r c h h a d n o

r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m wa s y e t . 1*

?«fith t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e , h e

s e n t a n o te e x p la in in g h i s re c e n t a r r i v a l a t th a t ch u rch . He c h e c k e d m e n * s c l u b a n d t h r e e g r o u p s o f B a p t i s t Y oung P e o p l e 1s U n i o n , a s t h e o n l y c l u b s o r g r o u p s e x i s t i n g a t t h a t tim e .

The c h u r c h h ad no r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s

le a d e rs h ip .

or

T h e m i n i s t e r i n d i c a t e d on t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e

t h e p l a n s f o r r e c r e a t i o n w h ich h e h o p ed t o c a r r y o u t a s soon a s p o s s i b l e . a n o t h e r boys*

c lu b .

He e x p e c t e d

to have a Y .T rib e and

F o r th e g i r l s ,

he p la n n e d to

a g ro u p o f G i r l R e se rv e s and a n o th e r c lu b . th a t

tim e h a d n o a t h l e t i c

a c tiv itie s ,

p l a n n e d on b e g i n n i n g b a s k e t - b a l l , b a se b a ll,

a ls o hoped to d e v e lo p a p la y g ro u n d .

g irls *

The c h u r c h a t

b u t t h e new m i n i s t e r

v o l l e y v a i l , b a d m in to n ,

s h u ffle b o ard , deck te n n is ,

e m p l o y a p a r t - t i m e p a i d b o y s*

e sta b lis h

and h o rs e -s h o e s .

He

He e x p e c t e d s o o n t o

w o rk e r, and a p a r t - t i m e p a id

w o rk er, a s w e ll a s a p a r t- tim e v o lu n ta ry d i r e c t o r

o f d ra m a tic s. Mogen D a v i d C o n g r e g a t i o n . tim e o f t h i s

T h is J e w ish c h u rc h a t

s tu d y c o m p rise d one h u n d re d f a m i l i e s .

th e

I t had

41 no f a c i l i t i e s

fo r re c re a tio n .

T he c h u r c h s p o n s o r e d a B o y

S c o u t T ro op and a m en’ s c l u b .

No f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n w a s

g i v e n on t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e r e t u r n e d b y t h i s c h u r c h . P ic o H e ig h ts C h r is tia n C h u rch .

T h is c h u rc h w ith a

m em b e rsh ip o f 525 d i d n o t c la im t o h a v e a n y r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram .

It

d i d h a v e a p a r t - t i m e v o l u n t a r y b o y s 1 w ork

d i r e c t o r who s p o n s o r e d some t y p e o f c l u b , ^ o t h e r 11 am ong t h e b o y s 1 c l u b s .

lis te d under

I t had a C h r is tia n Endeavor

S o c i e t y a n d a L a d i e s ’ A id S o c i e t y .

T he o n l y r e c r e a t i o n a l

f a c i l i t y c h e c k e d w as a s t a g e f o r d r a m a t i c s . S c h a e f l e M e m o ria l C o n g r e g a t i o n a l C h u r c h . T r o o p w as t h e o n l y b o y s '

c lu b th e n e x i s t i n g a t

A B oy S c o u t th is

ch u rc h ,

b u t t h e c h u r c h w as p l a n n i n g t o h a v e Y o ung M e n 's C h r i s t i a n A s s o c ia tio n school ag es.

g ro u p s f o r th e

ju n io r,

ju n io r h ig h , and h ig h

T h e r e w ere no c l u b s f o r g i r l s .

E n d e a v o r S o c i e t y , L a d i e s ' A id S o c i e t y ,

C h ristia n

se w in g c i r c l e ,

m e n 's c l u b , a n d d r a m a t i c c l u b w e re c h e c k e d on t h e q u e s t i o n ­ n a ire .

V o l l e y b a l l w as t h e o n l y a t h l e t i c

and th e m i n i s t e r rem ark ed t h a t m e a g e r , w as b e i n g i m p r o v e d .

t h e i r e q u ip m e n t,

He s t a t e d

y o u n g p e o p l e on s u p e r v i s e d r i d i n g , p a rtie s,

a c tiv ity

a s w e l l a s on h i k e s a n d t o

checked

th o u g h

th a t th e y to o k t h e i r

ro lle r

s k a tin g , and

sum m er c a m p s .

The

c h u rc h had no r e c r e a t i o n a l le a d e r s e x c e p t a p a r t- tim e v o lu n ta ry bo y s'

w ork d i r e c t o r .

snow

42 S i n a i T e m p le .

T h is J e w is h c h u r c h s p o n s o r e d a Boy

S c o u t T ro o p an d a f r i e n d l y s o c i e t y f o r i t s

young p e o p le .

T h e r e w as a L a d i e s 1 A i d a n d a m e n f s c l u b f o r t h e o l d e r m e m b e rs o f t h e T e m p l e .

I t w as e q u i p p e d w i t h c l u b r o o m s

a n d a l i b r a r y b u t m e n tio n e d no o t h e r r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i ­ tie s

or a c tiv itie s . S t . P a u lf s M e th o d ist C h u rc h .

h u n d r e d w as s e r v e d b y t h i s f o r b o y s w ere t h o s e

ch u rch .

an d a H i-Y g r o u p .

t h e r e was a F r i e n d l y S o c i e t y . L e a g u e , a sew in g c i r c l e ,

b a sk e t-b a ll, g y m n a s iu m .

I t s r e c r e a t io n a l g ro u p s

s p o n s o r e d b y t h e Y oung M enTs C h r i s t i a n

A s s o c ia tio n — a J r.H i-Y ,

w o m e n 's w o r k .

A m em b e rsh ip o f t h r e e

F o r th e g i r l s

T he c h u r c h h a d a n E p w o r t h

and th e u n i f i e d o r g a n iz a tio n

T he o n l y a t h l e t i c

a c tiv ity

fo r

c h e c k e d was

a l t h o u g h t h e c h u r c h was e q u ip p e d w i t h a T h is c h u rc h h ad no p a id

re c re a tio n a l d ire c to rs ,

em p lo y ee s s e r v i n g a s

but had a p a rt-tim e v o lu n ta ry b o y s1

w ork d i r e c t o r a n d a p a r t - t i m e v o l u n t a r y g i r l s '

w o rk

d ire c to r. S t . T hom as C a t h o l i c C h u r c h . was c h e c k e d b y t h i s p ro g ram .

It

N e i t h e r ~11y e s 1* o r tln o 11

c h u rc h a s to h a v in g a r e c r e a t i o n a l

in d ic a te d

on t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e .

some p h a s e s o f r e c r e a t i o n , It

how ever,

s p o n s o r e d tw o c l u b s f o r c h i l d r e n ;

a B o y S c o u t T r o o p a n d a C h i Bho C l u b f o r b o y s a n d g i r l s h ig h sch o o l ag e.

T he c h u r c h g r o u p s p l a y e d b a s k e t - b a l l ,

of

43 v o lle y b a ll,

and b a s e b a ll.

d r a m a ti c s w ere f a c i l i t i e s In

t h e em p lo y o f t h i s

A p la y g ro u n d and a s ta g e f o r w h ic h th e c h u rc h h a d to o f f e r .

c h u rc h w ere a p a r t - t i m e p a id b o y s 1

w ork d i r e c t o r a n d a p a r t - t i m e p a i d g i r l s 1 w ork d i r e c t o r . W jls h ire B a p ti s t C hurch. fille d

A q u e s t i o n n a i r e was n o t

in by t h i s c h u rc h , b u t t h e m i n i s t e r w ro te a l e t t e r

e x p l a i n i n g th e p ro g ram w h ic h e x i s t e d . g ro u p o f f i f t e e n

T h e r e w as a n a c t i v e

i n a s e n i o r B a p t i s t Y oung P e o p l e ' s U n i o n .

T h e c h u r c h s p o n s o r e d tw o W o r l d W ide G u i l d s o c i e t i e s , w i t h a b o u t t e n m em bers. . g irls

from te n

to

se v e n te e n g i r l s

T h e m e m b e rs o f t h e s e

six te e n y ears o f age.

of th is

each

s o c i e t i e s w ere

T h e re w ere a b o u t

sam e a g e i n a j u n i o r c h o i r .

The

o n l y c l u b f o r b o y s was a Y . T r i b e w i t h a b o u t f i f t e e n m em b ers. T he c o l l e g e a g e y o u n g p e o p l e f o r m e d a n o r g a n i z a t i o n own.

of th e ir

T h i s w as a v e r y l i v e m ix e d g r o u p , n o t c o n n e c t e d w i t h

any re c o g n iz e d o rg a n iz a tio n o u ts id e o f t h i s ch u rch .

p a rtic u la r

T h e women h a d s i x c i r c l e s w i t h a b o u t f i f t e e n

m e m b e rs i n e a c h .

T h e i r f u n c t i o n w as p r i m a r i l y r e l i g i o u s ,

b u t th e y a ls o d id

s e w i n g f o r t h e R ed C r o s s , f o r h o s p i t a l s ,

and o th e r g ro u p s in n eed o f such s u p p o rt. W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d T e m p le C o n g r e g a t i o n — B f N a i B j_ R ith . T h is i s

a l a r g e J e w is h g ro u p w i t h 950 f a m i l i e s ,

c la im e d t o have no r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram i n 1 9 4 1 .

but i t The r a b b i

c h e c k e d a Boy S c o u t T ro o p an d a l s o a S ea S c o u t T ro o p .

T here

was a c l u b f o r g i r l s sew in g c i r c l e , fu n c tio n in g . lite ra ry ,

p ic tu re

A L ad ies*

and a m enf s c lu b w ere l i s t e d

A id , a

a s o t h e r g ro u p s

Among t h e m i s c e l l a n e o u s c l u b s , d r a m a t i c ,

and d a n c in g c lu b s w ere c h e c k e d .

to a th l e t i c d ire c to r.

o f h ig h sc h o o l a g e .

It

l a i d no c la im

a c t i v i t i e s , n o r a n y ty p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l I t had a lib ra ry ,

a s t a g e f o r d r a m a t i c s , m o v in g -

e q u ip m e n t, a n d c lu b ro o m s. PROGRAMS OP CHURCHES HAVING EXTENSIVE RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS Women * s a c t i v i t i e s .

p risin g

th is

A l l e i g h t o f t h e c h u r c h e s com­

g r o u p h a d some t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n

a n d m o s t o f t h e m h a d m o re t h a n o n e . o rg a n iz a tio n s w ith in

th e se

f o r women,

T h e r e w ere s e v e n te e n

e ig h t c h u rc h e s , and in m ost o f

t h e l a r g e r c h u r c h e s e a c h o f t h e s e m a jo r o r g a n i z a t i o n s was d iv id e d in to

sm a lle r g ro u p s,

each w ith i t s

own o f f i c e r s

and o r g a n iz a tio n . C a t h e d r a l C h a p e l h a d tw o o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r women. One w a s m ade u p o f t h e m o t h e r s o f t h e p u p i l s a t t e n d i n g P a ris h sc h o o l.

In a d d itio n

h a d a m o n th ly t e a .

to t h e i r b u s in e s s ,

T h e women who w e r e i n

a l t a r had an o r g a n i z a t i o n

th e

t h e y a lw a y s

ch arg e o f th e

in c o n n e c tio n w ith t h e i r d u t i e s .

S e v e r a l tim e s d u r in g th e y e a r th e y m et f o r d i n n e r . T he C h u r c h o f J e s u s C h r i s t o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s h a d tw o s e p a r a t e g r o u p s f o r women, a l t h o u g h t h e y w e r e a l l

45 m e m b e rs o f t h e Y o u n g W om en's M u t u a l I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n . T hose u n d e r t h i r t y - f i v e th o se o v er t h i r t y - f i v e

y e a r s o f a g e w ere i n y e a rs in

th e o th e r .

one g ro u p , and T hese g ro u p s

m e t o n c e a w eek t o d i s c u s s c o m m u n ity a n d n a t i o n a l p r o b l e m s . O n ce d u r i n g t h e m o n t h t h e m e e t i n g w as m o re i n

th e n a tu re

of

a r e c r e a t i o n a l th an an e d u c a tio n a l p ro g ram . Im m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h h a d f i v e f o r women b e s i d e s so c ia l a f f a ir s .

o rg a n iz a tio n s

two w o m e n 's S u n d a y s c h o o l c l a s s e s A b r i e f o u t l i n e o f th e a c t i v i t i e s

th a t had o f th e se

s e v e n g r o u p s , w h i c h w e re r e c r e a t i o n a l i n n a t u r e , a r e g i v e n h ere. T h e W om en's M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y was t h e l a r g e s t o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n s , h a v i n g an a c t i v e m e m b e r s h i p o f o v e r s i x hund red f i f t y . (as

W h i l e t h e p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n o f t h i s g r o u p w as

t h e nam e I m p l i e s )

m is sio n a ry ,

an d f r i e n d l y f e l l o w s h i p w ere a l s o

e d u c a tio n a l o p p o rtu n itie s to be fo u n d .

m e t a s a w h o le one m o rn in g o f e v e r y m o n th .

The S o c i e t y

At noon,

th e

gro u p g a th e r e d f o r lu n c h e o n .

T h e M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y w as

d iv id e d

each w ith i t s

in to

e ig h te e n g u ild s ,

own o f f i c e r s .

E ach g u i l d m et o n c e a m o n th , u s u a l l y f o r lu n c h e o n a t t h e c h u r c h , b u t so m e tim e s i n of its

m em bers.

t h e a f t e r n o o n a t t h e home o f o n e

S in c e t h e s e g ro u p s w ere s m a l l e r ,

g r e a te r o p p o rtu n ity fo r frie n d s h ip ,

so c ia b ility ,

t h e r e w as and u s e f u l

se rv ic e . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e W om en's A i d S o c i e t y w as t o a s s i s t

46 its

own c h u r c h a n d c o m m u n i ty .

T h is S o c i e t y m et one m o rn in g

d u r i n g t h e m o n th , w h ic h i n c l u d e d l u n c h a t t h e c h u r c h . d u rin g

t h e m o n th t h e S o c i e t y s p o n s o r e d a c h u r c h t e a

home o f o n e o f i t s m e m b e r s . e le v e n c i r c l e s ,

o r d u rin g th e a fte rn o o n

in th e

T h e S o c i e t y w as d i v i d e d i n t o

each w ith i t s

c i r c l e s m et o n ce a m o n th ,

O nce

own o f f i c e r s .

e i t h e r f o r lu n c h a t

Each o f th e s e th e c h u rc h ,

i n one o f t h e hom es.

T h e S e w i n g C i r c l e m e t e v e r y M onday m o r n i n g t o se w f o r th e C h ild r e n ’ s H o s p ita l and o th e r g ro u p s n e e d in g su ch se w in g .

T he g r o u p h a d l u n c h t o g e t h e r a t t h e c h u r c h .

A n o th e r g r o u p m e e tin g o n c e a m o n th ,

f o r a m o rn in g m e e ti n g ,

l u n c h , a n d a n a f t e r n o o n m e e t i n g , w as t h e M o th e r* s C o u n c i l . T h i s g r o u p was com posed o f m o th e r s o f t h e c h u r c h an d S u n d a y school c h ild re n . T he B u s i n e s s Women*s L e a g u e w as a n o r g a n i z a t i o n

to

p r o m o t e f r i e n d s h i p among b u s i n e s s a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l women. T h i s g r o u p m e t o n c e a m o n th f o r d i n n e r a t w h ic h t h e y h a d t h e i r b u s i n e s s m e e ti n g . c la ss e s

th e c h u rc h , a f t e r

Two S u n d a y s c h o o l

f o r women m e t o n c e d u r i n g t h e m o n t h f o r d i n n e r a n d

a s o c ia b le g a th e rin g . The p l a n

f o r wom en’ s o r g a n i z a t i o n s a t S t .

E p i s c o p a l C h u r c h w as q u i t e c h u rch es.

d i f f e r e n t fro m t h a t i n

T h e r e w as a Women’ s A u x i l i a r y ,

m is sio n a ry s o c ie ty f o r a l l c a re d to b e lo n g .

t h e women i n

Jam es th e o th e r

w h ic h was t h e

t h e c h u r c h who

T h e y m e t o n e m o r n i n g a m o n th f o r c o m m u n io n ,

47 p ro g ram , and b u s in e s s m e e tin g . to g e th e r.

In ste a d

t h e r e w ere f i v e S o ro rity ,

o f t h e r e b e i n g o n e L a d i e s ’ A id g r o u p ,

such o rg a n iz a tio n s ,

o r D a u g h ters

se p a ra te o rg a n iz a tio n , o ffic e rs.

S o m e ti m e s t h e y h a d l u n c h e o n

known a s G u i l d s ,

o f t h e K in g , w ith i t s

Each u n d e rto o k i t s

E a c h w as a n

own c o n s t i t u t i o n

own w o r k ,

e n tire ly and

w h ic h was l a r g e l y

som e t y p e o f i m p r o v e m e n t a r o u n d t h e c h u r c h .

E ach h ad one

o r tw o m e e t i n g s d u r i n g t h e m o n t h , a t w h i c h t i m e i t

c o n d u c te d

b u s i n e s s , h a d a p r o g r a m , a n d some t y p e o f s o c i a l g e t - t o ­ g e th e r.

T h e m a in o b j e c t o f e a c h g r o u p se e m e d t o b e t o

r a i s e m oney f o r c h u r c h p u r p o s e s .

S o c i a l a c t i v i t y w as o f t e n

m ix e d i n w i t h t h i s m o n e y - r a i s i n g p l a n , b y h a v i n g a l u n c h e o n o r a b r i d g e p a r t y t o w h ic h t h e o t h e r g ro u p s w e re i n v i t e d , an d f o r w h ic h t i c k e t s jo in e d

w ere s o l d .

T hese g ro u p s u s u a lly

to g e th e r a t C h ristm a s tim e ,

in

one b ig b a z a a r ,

th e

o b j e c t o f w h i c h w as t o

r a i s e m oney. T hey u s u a l l y u n i t e d

f o r c e s in h a v in g a b ig

c h u rc h d i n n e r a t th e tim e

o f ch u rch

e le c tio n . A t W i l s h i r e C h r i s t i a n C h u r c h t h e r e w as a L a d i e s * an d a S ew in g C i r c l e .

T he L a d i e s *

A id

A i d w as d i v i d e d i n t o

t w e lv e g r o u p s e a c h o f w h ic h h a d i t s m o n th ly m e e tin g i n a d d itio n

to

th e m o n th ly m e e tin g o f th e S o c i e t y a s a w h o le .

E a c h o f t h e s e m e e t i n g s h a d some t y p e o f g e t - t o - g e t h e r i n a d d itio n

to i t s

b u s in e s s and s e r v ic e .

e v e r y w eek a t t h e c h u r c h .

S in c e i t

T h e S e w in g C i r c l e m e t

w as a n a l l - d a y m e e t i n g ,

48 t h e women b r o u g h t t h e i r l u n c h e s , a n d c o f f e e w as f u r n i s h e d . T hey sew ed f o r c h a r i t a b l e

in stitu tio n s *

Y J ils h ir e C r e s t P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rc h h ad a L a d i e s 1 A id S o c i e t y and a M is s io n a r y S o c i e t y e a c h o f w h ich m et on ce a m o n th *

E a c h o f t h e s e tw o o r g a n i z a t i o n s w as d i v i d e d i n t o

s m a l l e r g r o u p s , a n d e a c h o f t h e s e h a d m e e t i n g s o n c e a m o n th * A p a r t o f e a c h m e e tin g was d e v o te d t o f r i e n d l i n e s s , w i t h e i t h e r a lu n c h o r re fre s h m e n ts b e in g served* T h r o u g h o u t M e t h o d is m t h e r e h a d r e c e n t l y t a k e n p l a c e a u n io n o f a l l se p a ra te

t h e women1s o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h f o r m e r l y h a d

o rg a n iz a tio n s*

T h e n e w o r g a n i z a t i o n — T h e Women1s

S o c i e t y o f C h r i s t i a n S e r v i c e - - h a d a b s o r b e d t h e L a d ie s * A id S o c ie ty ,

t h e Woman’ s F o r e i g n M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y ,

and th e

Woman’ s Home M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y , b u t h a d c a r r i e d

on t h e

pu rp o se o f a l l

fu n c tio n in g

at

th re e .

T h i s w as t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n

th e Y i/ilsh ire M e th o d is t C h u rch f o r a l l

t h e women.

I t had

i t s m e e ti n g s o n ce a m o n th , w h ic h u s u a l l y i n c l u d e d a l u n c h e o n , w h e r e t h e women h a d a n e x c e l l e n t o p p o r t u n i t y t o g e t b e t t e r a c q u a in te d . a c c o rd in g o f th e se

T he m a i n s o c i e t y w a s d i v i d e d i n t o c i r c l e s ,

to th e g e o g ra p h ic l o c a tio n o f i t s

m em bers.

Each

c i r c l e s u s u a l l y m et f o r lu n c h e o n o n ce a m o n th .

In

t h a t w ay, f r i e n d s h i p an d s o c i a b i l i t y w ere p ro m o te d . W ils h ir e P r e s b y t e r i a n C hurch h ad f o u r s e p a r a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r t h e women.

T h e W i l s h i r e Women’ s G u i l d w as

o rg a n iz e d to f u r t h e r th e s o c i a l and c u l t u r a l l i v e s

of th e

49 women, a l t h o u g h d e v o t i o n a l s f o r m e d a p a r t o f e a c h m e e t i n g , t o o t h e r p u r p o s e o f t h e g r o u p was t o r a i s e m oney f o r im p ro v e ^ m en ts a ro u n d t h e c h u r c h . ch u rch .

T h i s G u i l d m e t o n c e a m o n th a t t h e

I t was d i v i d e d i n t o f i v e

f o r b u s i n e s s women*

c irc le s ,

E ach o f th e s e

one o f w h ic h w as

c i r c l e s m e t o n c e a m o n th

f o r lu n c h o r d in n e r in c o n n e c tio n w ith t h e i r r e g u l a r m e e tin g . T he W i l s h i r e Women’ s M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y m e t t h e sam e d a y a s th e G u ild ,

one m e e tin g in

t h e m o r n i n g a n d th e o t h e r i n

a fte rn o o n ,

w i t h a l u n c h e o n b e t w e e n t h e tw o m e e t i n g s .

m o n th t h e M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y m e t i n G u ild m e e tin g a f t e r lu n c h ;

th e One

th e m o rn in g , w ith t h e

t h e n e x t m o n th t h e G u ild m et i n

t h e m o rn in g , .w h ile th e M is s io n a r y S o c i e t y m et a f t e r l u n c h . T h e M i s s i o n a r y S o c i e t y w as p r i m a r i l y t o e d u c a t e t h e women a l o n g m i s s i o n a r y l i n e s a n d t o h e l p f u r t h e r t h e w ork o f m is s io n s , b u t th e lu n c h o f f e r e d a good ch an ce f o r f r i e n d l y a s s o c ia tio n

o f t h e w om en.

T h e W i l s h i r e Wro m en f s S e r v i c e

L e a g u e w as a l s o a n o r g a n i z a t i o n e m p h a size d th e s tu d y and

s o c ia l sid e ,

se rv ic e .

f o r women.

a l t h o u g h t h e y d i d some m i s s i o n a r y

T h ey a l s o m et f o r lu n c h o n c e a m o n th .

T h e y o u n g e r women h a d a n o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s e rv ic e le a g u e in

T h is g ro u p

e v e r y w ay, e x c e p t t h a t

it

s im ila r to

th e

w as f o r y o u n g e r

women • M en1s a c t i v i t i e s . in

th is

F iv e o f th e e ig h t c h u rc h e s in c lu d e d

p a r t o f t h e s t u d y h ad o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r m en, one o f

50 th e

c h u r c h e s h a v i n g tw o s u c h g r o u p s * A t C a t h e d r a l C h a p e l t h e r e w as a l i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n

w h i c h a t t r a c t e d b e t v / e e n tw o a n d t h r e e h u n d r e d men t o i t s m e e tin g s. q u a rte r)

One S u n d a y m o r n i n g a m o n th ( s o m e t i m e s o n c e a t h e s e men m e t f o r H o l y Communion*

g ro u p w ent to t h e c a f e t e r i a

in

A fte r th a t th e

th e P a r is h sch o o l f o r b re a k ­

f a s t , w h i c h w o u ld b e f o l l o w e d b y d i s c u s s i o n a n d g e n e r a l s o c ia b ility * in

A bout o n c e a q u a r t e r t h e g ro u p m et f o r a sm oker

th e e v en in g *

A t t h a t t i m e t h e y w o u ld h a v e a p r o m i n e n t

s p e a k e r f r o m t h e i r own P a r i s h .

S o m e ti m e s s u b j e c t s o f c i v i c

i n t e r e s t w e r e d i s c u s s e d , b u t m o r e f r e q u e n t l y i t w a s some t o p i c h a v in g to do w ith s p o r t s . T he C h u r c h o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s h a d tw o o r g a n i z a ­ t i o n s f o r m en, t h e Young-.Men* s M u t u a l I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n w h i c h w as r e s p o n s i b l e

fo r th e r e c re a tio n a l a c tiv itie s

of a ll

t h e men i n t h e c h u r c h , a n d t h e H ig h P r i e s t s w h i c h w a s p rim a rily r e lig io u s

in p u rp o se .

T h e Y oung M en1s M u t u a l

I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n m e t r e g u l a r l y w i t h t h e Y oung Womenf s M u tu a l Im pro vem ent A s s o c i a t i o n

one e v e n in g a w eek.

A fte r th e

g e n e r a l m e e ti n g , w h ic h was r e l i g i o u s a n d e d u c a t i o n a l i n n a tu re ,

t h e m e m b e rs o f t h e tw o A s s o c i a t i o n s

in g to a g e .

se p a ra te d a c c o rd ­

T h e s e m e e tin g s p ro m o te d f r i e n d s h i p ,

a m u tu a l i n t e r e s t in t h i s A s so c ia tio n

c iv ic

and d e v e lo p e d

and e d u c a tio n a l m a tte r s .

I t was

( w o r k i n g w i t h t h e w om en1s a s s o c i a t i o n )

p ro m o te d a l l r e c r e a t i o n a l a f f a i r s ,

th a t

w h i c h t o o k p l a c e tw o o r

51 th r e e F r id a y e v e n in g s d u rin g

e a c h m o n th .

m o re i n d e t a i l u n d e r f,M ix e d a c t i v i t i e s ’’M ix e d g r o u p s f o r y o u n g p e o p l e . ”

T hese a r e d is c u s s e d

f o r men a n d women” a n d

The o r g a n i z a t i o n

o f th e

H ig h P r i e s t s h a d a m e e tin g o n c e a m o n th t o w h ic h t h e w iv e s w ere i n v i t e d . d in n e r,

A t t h a t tim e t h e y w o u ld h a v e a p ro g r a m , a

a dance,

o r p o s s ib l y a c o m b in a tio n o f th e s e

a c tiv itie s . I m m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n h a d a l a r g e g r o u p o f men i n i t s M enf s C l u b .

The p u rp o se o f t h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n

was t h r e e f o l d :

t o p r o m o t e a c q u a i n t a n c e a n d f e l l o w s h i p am ong t h e men o f t h e c h u rch ;

to

e n c o u r a g e t h e men i n a c t i v e

c h u rch a f f a i r s ; its

m e m b e rs i n

of

and to d e v e lo p -a n d f u r t h e r th e i n t e r e s t o f c iv ic and p u b lic a f f a i r s .

d i n n e r o n ce a m o n th . c o n sistin g

p a rtic ip a tio n

T h e s e men m e t f o r

A f t e r d i n n e r t h e r e w as a p r o g r a m ,

o f c o m m u n ity s i n g i n g a n d a p r o m i n e n t s p e a k e r .

a y e a r t h e M en1 s C l u b s p o n s o r e d a b i g p i c n i c m e m b e rsh ip o f f o r t y - f i v e

t o w h ic h a l l

h u n d re d w ere i n v i t e d .

O nce th e

T h is p ic n ic

w as h e l d on t h e O c c i d e n t a l C o l l e g e Campus on a S a t u r d a y i n th e

e a rly a fte rn o o n .

D u rin g th e a f te r n o o n

k in d s o f gam es and c o n t e s t s t a k i n g p l a c e , te n n is,

v o lle y b a ll,

so ft b a ll.

t h e r e w ere a l l in c lu d in g

b a d m in to n , h o r s e s h o e s ,

s w im m in g ,

a r c h e r y , and

T h i s w as f o l l o w e d b y a b a s k e t s u p p e r , w h i c h was

m ade m ore a p p e t i z i n g b y t h e lem o n ad e a n d c o f f e e f u r n i s h e d b y t h e M en’ s C l u b . T h e M en’ s C l u b a t W i l s h i r e C h r i s t i a n

C hurch m et one

52

S u n d a y a m o n th f o r a n e a r l y b r e a k f a s t . s o c ia b le phase o f th e g a th e rin g , tra n s a c t,

and a program .

A f t e r t h i s m ore

t h e r e w as b u s i n e s s

to

The s p e a k e r w as u s u a l l y a man

p ro m in e n t in r e l i g i o u s o r c i v i c

c irc le s .

T h i s sam e g r o u p

o f men a l s o m e t a f t e r t h e W e d n e s d a y e v e n i n g p r a y e r m e e t i n g f o r a n h o u r 1s p l a y i n v o l l e y b a l l . h a d some p r o j e c t w h i c h i t stu d y ,

sp o n so red .

t h e g r o u p was i n t e r e s t e d

c lu b s w ith in

U s u a l l y t h e M en! s C l u b A t th e tim e o f t h i s

i n d e v e l o p i n g m o re b o y s *

th e c h u rc h .

A t W i l s h i r e M e th o d is t t h e m en’ s c lu b was e x p e r i e n c i n g a l u l l in

its

d e v e lo p m e n t.

m e e tin g s,

a lth o u g h i t had sp o n so red a s e r i e s o f Sunday

e v e n in g fo ru m s d u r in g

I t had c ea sed to have r e g u l a r

th e w in te r and s p rin g o f 1942.

The

c l u b p r o v i d e d p r o m in e n t s p e a k e r s f o r t h e s e m e e t i n g s w h ic h d e a l t w i t h t h e w ar i s s u e s . M ix e d a c t i v i t i e s

f o r men a n d women.

A l l b u t one o f

t h e e i g h t c h u r c h e s h a d some t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n o r a c t i v i t y w h i c h i n c l u d e d men a n d women. sp o n s o r no g ro u p o f t h i s

C a th e d r a l C h a p e l seem ed to

so rt.

The C h u rc h o f J e s u s C h r i s t o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s had one o f th e m ost e x te n s iv e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s o f th e e ig h t ch u rch es in c lu d e d in

th is

stu d y .

T h e ir young p e o p le ’ s

o r g a n i z a t i o n s — T h e Y oung Men* s M u t u a l I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n a n d t h e Y oung Women* s M u t u a l I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n — w e re re sp o n sib le

fo r th e r e c r e a tio n a l a c t i v i t i e s

of a ll

th e p e o p le

53 in th e ch u rc h .

E a c h o r g a n i z a t i o n h a d a p r e s i d e n t a n d tw o

c o u n s e l l o r s who p l a n n e d t h e y e a r l y p r o g r a m o f t h a t p a r t i c u l a r W a rd .

( E a c h i n d i v i d u a l c h u r c h u n i t w as know n a s a w a r d

r a t h e r th an a s a c h u r c h .) t h e w a r d w as c a l l e d ) m ent A s s o c ia t io n s ,

The B is h o p ( a s t h e m i n i s t e r o f

m et w ith th e o f f i c e r s o f t h e s e Im p ro v e­

o r a t l e a s t gave h i s a p p ro v a l to th e

p ro g ra m w h ic h t h e y h a d p la n n e d f o r t h e e n s u in g y e a r . s e v e r a l w ards o f a c i t y o r c o u n ty fo rm ed a s t a k e . a ls o had i t s

M u tu a l Im provem ent A s s o c i a t i o n s ,

p la n s f o r th e e n t i r e

sta k e ,

a s w e l l a s m ak in g

The

T he s t a k e

w h ic h f o r m u la te d su g g e stio n s f o r

th e p rogram s f o r th e i n d i v i d u a l w a rd s. T he Y oung M en’ s a n d Y oung Women’ s M u t u a l I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c ia tio n s m et t o g e th e r e v e ry T u esd ay e v e n in g .

A fte r a

h a l f h o u r ’ s r e l i g i o u s o r e d u c a tio n a l program in th e c h u rc h a u d ito riu m , a d d itio n

th e y s e p a ra te d in to

g ro u p s a c c o rd in g to a g e .

In

t o t h i s T u e s d a y e v e n i n g p r o g r a m , p a r t i e s a n d m o re

e l a b o r a t e r e c r e a t i o n a l a f f a i r s w e r e p l a n n e d f o r tw o o r m o re F r i d a y e v e n i n g s d u r i n g t h e m o n th . When t h e s e g r o u p s s e p a r a t e d a c c o r d i n g

to a g e ,

th e re

w as a g r o u p o f y o u n g m a r r i e d p e o p l e t h a t m e t t o g e t h e r . had p a r t i e s and s o c i a l f u n c tio n s o f t h e i r

own i n a d d i t i o n

t h e i r r e g u l a r s tu d y o f t o p i c s o f m u tu a l i n t e r e s t t o g ro u p .

They a tte n d e d

th e d a n c e s, p la y s ,

They to

such a

and o th e r r e c r e a ­

t i o n a l a f f a i r s w h ic h w e re s p o n s o re d b y t h e M u tu a l Im provem ent A s s o c i a t i o n s o f t h i s w ard and a l s o

o f th e s ta k e .

54 T h e r e w e re t h r e e d i f f e r e n t g r o u p s o f C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r f o r men a n d women a t

Im m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h .

One w a s known a s t h e F o ru m C. E . S o c i e t y f o r p e o p l e f r o m tw e n ty -fo u r to tw e n ty -n in e y e a rs o f a g e .

T h is g ro u p m et

e v e ry T u esd ay e v e n in g f o r p la y n ig h t in

t h e g y m n a s iu m .

B a d m i n t o n w as t h e f a v o r i t e gam e o f t h i s

g ro u p ,

and u s u a l ly

k e p t t h r e e b a d m in to n c o u r t s b u s y f o r t h a t e v e n in g .

The o t h e r

tw o g r o u p s w e r e f o r t h o s e f r o m t w e n t y - e i g h t t o f o r t y - t h r e e , and fro m f o r t y - t h r e e u p .

The r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s

of

t h e s e g r o u p s w ere l e s s r e g u l a r , b u t t h e y d i d h a v e p a r t i e s s e v e r a l tim e s d u rin g th e y e a r . A n o t h e r v e r y p o w e r f u l s o c i a l i n f l u e n c e am ong t h e men a n d women o f I m m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n , e v en in g f e llo w s h ip d in n e r .

w as t h e i r W e d n e s d a y

T h is d in n e r o f f e r e d a r e a l

o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e m e m b e rs t o b e c o m e b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d a n d a ls o

f o r new m e m b e rs t o b e c o m e a s s i m i l a t e d .

A l l m e m b e rs o f

t h e c h u r c h w i t h t h e i r f a m i l i e s and f r i e n d s w ere w e lco m e. B e tw e e n d i n n e r t i m e a n d t h e r e g u l a r p r a y e r m e e t i n g , m o t i o n p i c t u r e s w ere u s u a l l y show n.

T h is f e l l o w s h i p d i n n e r was

h e ld e v e r y W ednesday e x c e p t d u r in g t h e At S t.

sum m er m o n t h s .

Jam es E p is c o p a l C h u rch t h e r e w ere t h r e e g r o u p s

known a s S t . J a m e s C l u b , w h i c h m e t e v e r y S u n d a y e v e n i n g .

One

o f t h e s e g r o u p s w as f o r men a n d women b e y o n d c o l l e g e a g e . The t h r e e

g r o u p s m e t a t t h e c h u r c h f o r a s u p p e r , w h i c h w as

se rv e d f r e e o f ch arg e by th e ch u rch .

A fte r th is ,

th e g ro u p s

55 s e p a ra te d f o r t h e i r in d iv id u a l m e e tin g s, re lig io n

o r p h i l o s o p h y w as d i s c u s s e d *

w ith t h e c o l l e g e g ro u p f o r m ost o f i t s T hey m et i n

w h e r e some p h a s e o f

T h is o l d e r g ro u p m et re c re a tio n a l a f f a ir s .

t h e g y m n a s iu m o n e e v e n i n g d u r i n g t h e w e e k f o r

b a s k e t-b a ll or v o lle y b a ll.

In a d d it i o n

to

th is

p la y n ig h t,

t h e tw o g r o u p s h a d a p a r t y o f some k i n d a b o u t e v e r y s i x w e e k s . S o m e ti m e s t h e y h a d a w i e n i e o r s t e a k b a k e a t t h e b e a c h o r a p a r k , b u t m o re f r e q u e n t l y i t

w as a d a n c e .

When t h e g r o u p

h a d a d a n c e , a n o r c h e s t r a w as a l w a y s e n g a g e d t o f u r h i s h t h e m u sic . W i l s h i r e C h r i s t i a n h a d tw o g r o u p s i n women m e t t o g e t h e r .

One w a s a S u n d a y s c h o o l c l a s s f o r

b u s i n e s s young p e o p le .

T h is gro u p f r e q u e n t l y m et Sunday

a f t e r n o o n a n d w e n t on som e t y p e o f t r i p v isit

a p ark ,

w h i c h men a n d

lib ra ry ,

some s i m i l a r a c t i v i t y .

to g e th e r.

go h o r s e b a c k r i d i n g ,

T h ey w o u ld

b ic y c lin g ,

or

T h e y u s u a l l y e n d e d u p a t t h e home o f

o n e o f t h e m e m b e rs f o r r a t h e r s u b s t a n t i a l r e f r e s h m e n t s . R e c e n tly t h i s

g r o u p h a d b e e n m e e t i n g o n e n i g h t a w e ek f o r a

P irst-A Id c la s s , b a ll,

a f t e r w h ic h t h e y p la y e d v o l l e y b a l l ,

o r o t h e r gam es in

t h e g y m n a s iu m .

b a sk e t­

T h e n t h e r e w as a

g ro u p o f young m a r r ie d p e o p le t h a t m et t o g e t h e r i n

a Sunday

sc h o o l c l a s s . ’ T h is g ro u p u s u a l ly had a p a r t y a b o u t once a m o n th . A g r o u p o f young m a r r i e d p e o p l e m e t r e g u l a r l y f o r so c ia l a ff a irs

a t W ilsh ire C re st P re s b y te ria n

C h urch.

The

56 g ro u p had been in

e x is te n c e f o r ab o u t te n

m any t h a t w ere n o t so y o u n g . so m e tim e s a d i n n e r ,

y ears,

so i n c l u d e d

T h e ir s o c ia l a f f a i r s

w ere

so m e tim e s a p a r t y a t w h ic h gam es w ere

p l a y e d , a n d so m e tim e s f o r s o c i a l d a n c i n g . G r o u p s f o r y o u n g women.

O n l y tw o c h u r c h e s r e p o r t e d

a n y c l u b a c t i v i t y f o r y o u n g women o f c o l l e g e age.* P re sb y te ria n

C hurch h a d a c lu b f o r th o s e o f c o l l e g e a g e ,

a n o th e r f o r b u sin e ss g i r l s ,

T he c o l l e g e g i r l s m e t f o r

d i n n e r , a f t e r w h ic h t h e y had t h e i r r e g u l a r m e e ti n g . c lu b f o r b u s i n e s s g i r l s m et a f t e r d i n n e r .

s m a lle r g roups a c c o rd in g

Some p l a y e d gam es o r p l a y e d i n

T he

A fte r a sh o rt

m e e t i n g w h i c h i n c l u d e d b u s i n e s s a n d some d e v o t i o n s , group s e p a ra te d in to

each

to t h e i r

t h e g y m n a s iu m ,

some d i d c r a f t w o r k o r k n i t t i n g ,

b u t m o re r e c e n t l y t h e

e m p h a s is h a d b e e n on f i r s t - a i d .

The g r o u p s w e re b e c o m in g

le s s a c tiv e

and

w h ic h m et one e v e n i n g e v e r y o t h e r

w eek f o r an i n f o m a l g a t h e r i n g .

In te re sts.

Im m anuel

s i n c e m any o f t h e s e y o u n g women w e r e d e v o t i n g

th e ir le isu re

tim e t o a m b u la n c e d r i v i n g o r o t h e r t y p e s o f

d e fe n s e w ork. The C hurch o f J e s u s C h r i s t o f th e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s h a d a g r o u p f o r y o u n g women f r o m e i g h t e e n t o t w e n t y - t h r e e y ears of age, was t o g l e a n

c a lle d G le a n e rs. th e

The p r i n c i p l e

o f th e G le a n e rs

s h e a v e s b y g ro w in g in k n o w le d g e a n d to b in d

t h e s h e a v e s b y p u t t i n g k n o w le d g e i n t o a c t i o n .

W h ile t h i s

w as

p rim a rily a stu d y g ro u p , i t d id have r e c r e a tio n a l a c t i v i t i e s

57 w i t h t h e WM M e n ,1* a n o r g a n i z a t i o n

f o r th e

same a g e g r o u p

am ong t h e y o u n g m en . G ro u p s f o r young m en.

F o u r c h u r c h e s h a d o n e o r m ore

P h a la n x g ro u p s m e e tin g in t h e i r c h u rc h e s .

P h a l a n x w as t h e

nam e g i v e n t o t h e c o l l e g e a g e g r o u p o f t h e Y oung M en! s C h ris tia n A s so c ia tio n had s ix

such c lu b s ,

c lu b s .

In a l l ,

th e se fo u r ch u rc h es

a s Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n a n d W i l s h i r e

M e th o d is t e a c h h a d tw o .

The o r g a n i z a t i o n , a c t i v i t y ,

and

p ro g ra m o f t h e P h a l a n x was t h a t w h ic h was c u s to m a r y i n Y oung M en’ s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n g r o u p s . th e c lu b p ro g ra m m u st m e a su re up t o A s so c ia tio n ,

T he l e a d e r a n d

sta n d a rd s

e a c h c lu b s e n d in g one o f i t s

s e t by th e

m e m b e rs t o a

m o n th ly m e e tin g , w here p l a n s and p ro g ram s w ere d i s c u s s e d w ith th e A s s o c ia tio n

le a d e rs.

A l t h o u g h some t y p e o f r e l i g i o u s d e v o t i o n w a s u s e d a t each m e e tin g , a th le tic s .

t h e m a i n i n t e r e s t o f t h e s e c l u b s w as i n

T h ey p l a y e d gam es i n

se a s o n and m et in c o m p e ti­

t i o n w i t h o t h e r P h a l a n x c l u b s o f t h e c o m m u n ity .

These

s c h e d u l e s f o r c o m p e t i t i v e gam es w e r e w o r k e d o u t t h r o u g h th e m o n th ly m e e tin g s o f th e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . The C hurch o f th e L a t te r - D a y S a i n t s h ad a g ro u p f o r y o u n g men f r o m s e v e n t e e n g r o u p w as known a s

th e

to tw e n ty -th re e

WM M e n . fl

y ears o f ag e.

T h is

T h e s e y o u n g men m e t o n c e a

w eek, f o r th e p u rp o se o f l e a r n in g

to im p ro v e t h e i r p e r s o n ­

a litie s ,

and to b e s o c ia b le

d e v e lo p t h e i r a b i l i t i e s ,

th ro u g h

58 w o rth -w h ile l e i s u r e p rin c ip le s

tim e a c t i v i t i e s .

They le a r n e d

such

o f y o u n g m an h o o d a s w o u l d t e a c h th e m t o b e

d e s i r a b l e m e m b e rs o f h o m e , c h u r c h , a n d s o c i e t y i n g e n e r a l . A fte r t h e i r stu d y p e rio d ,

th e y u s u a lly had a t h l e t i c

such a s b a s k e t - b a ll o r v o lle y b a l l .

gam es,

T h e s e te a m s c o m p e te d

w ith o th e r s i m il a r tea m s. M ix e d g r o u p s f o r y o u n g p e o p l e . h a d some t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n age.

f o r m ix e d g r o u p s o f c o l l e g e

I n a l l b u t tw o o f t h e c h u r c h e s

D ay S a i n t s )

A ll o f th e ch u rch es

(C a th o lic and L a t t e r -

th e s e o r g a n iz a tio n s c e n te r e d aro u n d th e Sunday

e v e n i n g young p e o p l e 1s m e e t i n g s - - t e r m e d C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r , C h r i s t i a n Y o u th F e l l o w s h i p , E p w o rth L e a g u e , S t . o r C h u rch o f Y o u th . and o f f ic e r s , its

E ach gro u p had i t s

Jam es C lu b ,

own o r g a n i z a t i o n

w h ic h w o rk ed w i t h t h e s p o n s o r s i n p l a n n i n g

a c tiv itie s . In

th r e e o f th e c h u rc h e s , W ils h ire C re s t P r e s b y te r ia n ,

W ilsh ire C h r is tia n ,

and W ils h ire M e th o d is t,

ty p e o f r e c r e a t io n a l a c t i v i t y

t h e r e w as som e

each Sunday e v e n in g .

At

W i l s h i r e C r e s t t h e g ro u p m et a t 7 p .m . f o r C h u rc h o f Y o u th . A f t e r t h e m ore f o r m a l b u sin e ss, songs,

m e e tin g ,

and a d is c u s s io n

w h ic h in c lu d e d - d e v o t i o n s ,

p e rio d ,

t h e g ro u p w o u ld s in g

p la y gam es, and h av e a g e n e r a l good tim e .

t h e sam e ty p e o f p ro g ra m was u s e d i n League a t W ils h ir e M e th o d is t,

V e r y m uch

t h e S e n i o r E p w o rth

e x c e p t t h a t e v e r y o t h e r w eek

59 t h e g r o u p w e n t t o t h e hom e o r o n e o f i t s sin g in g ,

gam es,

a lte rn a te p in g -p o n g , A fte r

o r d a n c in g .

m e m b e rs f o r t h e i r

The g a m e s, p l a y e d i n

th e

w e ek when t h e g r o u p s t a y e d a t t h e c h u r c h , carro m s,

in c lu d e d

C h in e se c h e c k e r s , and s h u f f l e b o a r d .

t h e S u n d a y e v e n i n g y o u n g p e o p l e 1s m e e t i n g a t W i l s h i r e

C h ris tia n ,

th e g ro u p u s u a l l y w ent to

t h e home o f t h e s p o n s o r

o r o n e o f t h e m em bers, w h ere t h e y sa n g an d p l a y e d g a m e s. T he o n l y a c t i v i t y o f a r e c r e a t i o n a l n a t u r e h e l d S u n d a y e v e n in g b y th e young p e o p le * s g ro u p a t S t . C h u rc h , was a s u p p e r b e f o r e

th e m e e tin g .

Jam es E p i s c o p a l T h is

p ro v id e d f o r th e young p e o p le b y th e c h u rc h . P re sb y te ria n

C h u r c h , a b o u t o n c e a m o n th a l l

th e C h r i s t ia n E n d eav o r m et f o r a s i n g .

s u p p e r was A t Im m anuel

th e groups o f

A fte r

th e group

s i n g i n g r e f r e s h m e n t s w ere s e r v e d . In

th r e e o f th e c h u rc h e s ,

S unday e v e n in g s e r v ic e

t h e sam e g r o u p a t t e n d i n g

f o r c o l l e g e p e o p le , m et a t t h e c h u rc h

d u r i n g t h e w eek f o r r e c r e a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s o n l y . E p is c o p a l,

th e

At S t.

Jam es

t h e c o l l e g e g r o u p u s e d t h e g y m n a s iu m n e a r l y e v e r y

W ednesday e v e n in g f o r g am es.

The c o lle g e g ro u p a t W ils h ir e

C h r i s t i a n m e t tw o F r i d a y e v e n i n g s a m o n t h w i t h t h e h i g h s c h o o l g r o u p w i t h whom t h e y p l a y e d g a m e s o f a l l k i n d s .

The c o l l e g e

g r o u p o f C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r a t Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n m et o n c e a w e e k f o r gam es a n d u s e o f t h e g y m n a s iu m . had o rg a n iz e d

team s t o

T h is g ro u p

p l a y t h e v a r i o u s gam es In s e a s o n .

T h e y h a d c o m p e te d w i t h te a m s fro m o t h e r c h u r c h e s , b u t h a d

60 f o u n d t h a t fe w c h u r c h e s h a d s u c h t e a m s . C a t h e d r a l C h a p e l h a d n o y o u n g p e o p l e 1s S u n d a y e v e n i n g m e e tin g w h ic h c o r r e s p o n d e d t o t h a t o f t h e P r o t e s t a n t ch u rch es.

I t h a d a g r o u p f o r t h o s e o f t h e sam e a g e , w h i c h

m et o n c e a w eek f o r r e c r e a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s .

I n t e r e s t in

r e c r e a t i o n a l s i d e h ad d e c r e a s e d d u r i n g r e c e n t m o n th s,

th e

sin c e

t h e y o u n g women h a d come t o f a r o u t n u m b e r t h e

y o u n g men

( t h e men h a v i n g g o n e i n t o m i l i t a r y

T he g r o u p h a d

se rv ic e ).

b e g u n t o s p e n d l e s s t i m e i n p l a y , b u t m o re t i m e i n

stu d y .

The g r o u p w as p l a n n i n g t o d i v i d e i n t o v a r i o u s s t u d y g r o u p s a c c o rd in g to i n t e r e s t . I n t h e C hurch o f t h e L a t te r - D a y S a i n t s ,

th e young

m e n f s g r o u p (M Men) a n d t h e y o u n g women1s g r o u p ( G l e a n e r s ) m e t t o g e t h e r o n c e a m o n th d u r i n g t h e i r r e g u l a r M u t u a l I m p r o v e ­ m ent A s s o c ia tio n m e e tin g s . m an n ers,

s o c i a l e t i q u e t t e a n d s i m i l a r p r o b l e m s o f common

i n t e r e s t to b o th g ro u p s. c u ltu ra l

A t t h a t tim e t h e y w o u ld s t u d y

They a l s o

s u b je c ts such a s a r t ,

o n ly s tu d ie d

B e s i d e s t h i s m o re s e r i o u s

in a m o n th ly d a n c e .

and d ra m a tic s .

ty p e o f l e i s u r e - t i m e

jo in e d w ith th e o th e r age g ro u p s

T h e se d a n c e s w ere g iv e n b y t h e M u tu a l

Im provem ent A s s o c i a t i o n s w ere g iv e n

They n o t

th e m t h r o u g h p e r f o r m ­

o f m u sic , p u b lic - s p e a k in g ,

th e s e young p e o p le

some o f t h e

m u s ic , and dram a.

th e s e , b u t th ey p ra c tic e d

in g a lo n g l i n e s

a c tiv ity ,

stu d ie d

in

t h e W i l s h i r e W ard e d i f i c e .

i n a ro o m w h i c h c o u l d a c c o m o d a t e o n e t h o u s a n d

They

61 c o u p le s•

T he ro o m h a d a n e x c e l l e n t h a r d w o o d f l o o r a n d w a s

e q u ip p e d w i t h a t t r a c t i v e

lig h tin g

e ffe c ts.

O n ly t h e h i g h e s t

ty p e o r c h e s t r a was en g ag ed t o p l a y a t t h e s e d a n c e s , c h u rc h b e lie v e d in k e e p in g i t s

re c re a tio n

fo r th e

on t h e h i g h e s t

p la n e .

No c h a r g e w a s m ade f o r p e o p l e who a t t e n d e d t h e s e

dances,

( t h e f i n a n c e s o f th e C hurch o f t h e L a t t e r - d a y S a i n t s

w e r e h a n d l e d i n a n e n t i r e l y s e p a r a t e way) a n d t h e y a t t r a c t e d la r g e g ro u p s o f t h e i r young p e o p le . T h e re was a t l e a s t o n e o t h e r r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t y a v a ila b le m o n th .

to

th e young p e o p le o f t h i s c h u rc h d u r in g t h e

S o m e tim e s i t

p ro d u c tio n ,

was a m o t i o n p i c t u r e o r d r a m a t i c

s o m e t i m e s a H i - j i n k s p u t on b y o n e o f t h e m em ber

g r o u p s , b u t a lw a y s so m e th in g in th e n a t u r e o f a h ig h ty p e e n te rta in m e n t. Pour o th e r ch u rch es b e s id e s

th e L a tte r-D a y S a in ts

p la n n e d w eek-day r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s p e o p le .

At S t.

Jam es E p is c o p a l C h u rch ,

young p e o p le m et w ith th o s e a ffa irs . w eeks.

th e c o lle g e age

ju s t o ld e r fo r th e ir s o c ia l

T h e se s o c i a l g a t h e r i n g s w ere h e l d a b o u t e v e r y s i x S o m e tim e s t h e g r o u p h a d w i e n ie o r s t e a k b a k e s a t

beach or in

th e

o n e o f t h e p a r k s , b u t t h e m o re f r e q u e n t t y p e o f

e n t e r t a i n m e n t w as a d a n c e . at

f o r t h e i r young

th e se d a n c e s.

An o r c h e s t r a

was e n g a g e d t o p l a y

The young p e o p le o f t h e W i l s h i r e M e th o d is t

had d an ces s e v e r a l tim e s d u rin g h a l l and have a r a t h e r e la b o r a te

th e y e a r.

T h e y w o u ld r e n t a

ty p e o f a f f a i r .

A n o th e r

62 r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t y open to was a d r a m a t i c g r o u p .

th e young p e o p le o f t h i s

T h is g ro u p ,

ch u rch

com posed o f p e o p le o f

c o ll e g e a g e and o l d e r , m et once a w eek.

M em b ersh ip i n t h i s

c lu b w as, o f c o u r s e , v o l u n ta r y and each s h a re d w h a te v e r e x p e n s e w as c u r t a i l e d

in

each d ra m a tic p r o d u c tio n .

p r e s i d e n t was e l e c t e d f o r o n e m o n th o n l y .

The g ro u p a l s o

e l e c t e d a d i r e c t o r who w o u ld d i r e c t o n l y o n e p l a y . t h a t p l a y w as o v e r , t h e

A

When

g r o u p w o u ld e l e c t a n o t h e r d i r e c t o r

f o r th e n e x t p la y . E v e r y m o n th o r s i x w e e k s t h e y o u n g p e o p l e o f W i l s h i r e P r e s b y t e r i a n C hu rch h ad a p a r t y .

A fa m ily ,

t h a t b e lo n g e d to

t h e c h u r c h , h a d a h o u s e i n S i e r r a M a d re s it w h i c h t h e y o u n g p e o p le w ere a lw a y s w e lco m e. h e ld th e re

F r e q u e n t l y t h e p a r t i e s w ere

on S a t u r d a y n i g h t s .

w ith a d in n e r,

a fte r

Upon r e t u r n i n g ,

T hese a f f a i r s u s u a l ly began

w h i c h t h e g r o u p w o u ld t a k e a s h o r t h i k e .

t h e y w o u ld s i n g

songs ( r e l i g i o u s and s e c u l a r ) ,

p l a y gam es, and h a v e an i n f o r m a l good tim e .

S o m e tim es t h e y

sa w m o t i o n p i c t u r e s t a k e n b y o n e o f t h e m e m b e rs o f t h e g r o u p . O ne o f t h e i r r e c e n t s o c i a l a f f a i r s h a d b e e n a t r i p Town f o r d i n n e r ,

a fte r

t o C h in a

w h i c h t h e y w e n t t o t h e home o f o n e o f

t h e m em b ers f o r a n i n f o r m a l p a r t y . The young p e o p l e o f W i l s h i r e C r e s t P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rc h h a d a p a r t y a b o u t o n c e a m o n th . th e g ro u p to

Some o f t h e s e a f f a i r s

th e b e a c h o r to a p a rk f o r a w ie n ie b a k e.

o f th e p a r tie s

w o u ld b e h e l d a t

th e c h u rc h ,

to o k Some

w h e r e t h e y w o u ld

63 sin g ,

p la y gam es, o r d a n c e .

T he D i r e c t o r o f R e c r e a t i o n

f o u n d t h a t t h e g r o u p w as s o a c c u s t o m e d t o h a v i n g t h e i r re c re a tio n

p r o v id e d f o r th em ,

p l a n n i n g t h e i r ow n. had been a b le a p a rty ,

t h a t t h e y seem ed h e l p l e s s

She had fo u n d , how ever,

in

t h a t when s h e

t o g e t t h e g ro u p to do a good jo b o f p la n n i n g

th e p a r t y h a d b e e n g r e a t l y e n jo y e d b y th e g ro u p .

G roups f o r g i r l s . in c lu d e d in

th is

c o lle g e age.

S ix o u t o f e ig h t o f th e c h u rc h e s

s t u d y h ad a t l e a s t one c lu b f o r g i r l s u n d e r

C a th e d r a l C hapel had no s p e c i a l r e c r e a t i o n a l

p ro g ram f o r g i r l s u n d e r h ig h s c h o o l a g e ,

sin c e

t h a t w as

lo o k e d a f t e r th ro u g h th e p a r o c h i a l sc h o o l t h a t m ost o f t h e i r g irls

a tte n d e d ,

W ilsh ire C h ris tia n

s e p a r a te g ro u p s f o r b o y s and g i r l s ,

i n s t e a d o f h a v in g had t h e i r g ro u p s m eet

to g e th e r. W i l s h i r e C r e s t P r e s b y t e r i a n h a d a Camp F i r e G r o u p f o r g irls

fro m e le v e n

to fo u rte e n

y ears o f ag e.

T h is group

fo llo w e d th e u s u a l p rogram p r e s c r i b e d by t h a t o r g a n i z a t i o n . I t was u n d e r t h e th a t ch u rch . o rg a n iz e d in to

l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e G i r l s f Work D i r e c t o r o f

M ost o f th e g i r l s 1 S u n d a y s c h o o l c l a s s e s c lu b s w h ic h m et once d u r i n g th e w eek .

The

t e a c h e r w o u ld m e e t w i t h t h e g r o u p , u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n t h e G i r l s 1 W ork D i r e c t o r .

of

T h e m a in a c t i v i t y o f t h e s e g i r l s *

c l u b s w as c r a f t w o r k . At S t.

Ja m es F p i s c o p a l C h u rc h t h e r e was no r e c r e a t i o n ­

a l p ro g ram i n c o n n e c tio n w i t h th e S unday s c h o o l c l a s s e s .

T he

64 G i r l S c o u ts w a n ted to o r g a n iz e a tr o o p u n d e r t h e s p o n s o r s h ip o f th e c h u rch ,

h u t th e m in is te r d isa p p ro v e d o f i t .

T here

was a G i r l s F r i e n d l y S o c i e t y i n d i r e c t l y c o n n e c te d w i t h t h i s ch u rch .

T he S o c i e t y w as c o m p o s e d o f g i r l s

fro m John B u rro u g h s

J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l u n d e r t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f t h e C o u n s e lo r o f th a t

sc h o o l.

O n ce a y e a r

t h i s g r o u p cam e t o S t . J a m e s

C hurch f o r t h e i r i n s t a l l a t i o n p a rtic ip a te d .

in w h ich t h e m i n i s t e r

T h i s g r o u p m e t o n c e e v e r y two w e e k s a t t h e

hom e o f o n e o f i t s m e m b e r s . s h i p am ong t h e g i r l s w ork.

cerem o n y ,

T h ey a im e d t o

encourage f r i e n d ­

a n d t o c a r r y on some t y p e o f c h a r i t a b l e

T h e ir m e e tin g s in c lu d e d a b u s in e s s m e e tin g ,

so m e tim e s

a g u e s t s p e a k e r who w o u ld t a l k o r show m o t i o n p i c t u r e s a b o u t p la c e s v is ite d ,

re fre sh m e n ts,

gam es, and s o c i a b i l i t y .

w e e k - e n d t h e g r o u p w e n t on a t r i p

One

to a m o u n ta in c a b in o f one

o f i t s m em bers. Im m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n h a d t h r e e c l u b s f o r g i r l s . c lu b f o r

ju n io r s m et e v e ry T h u rsd ay a f t e r

g a th e re d in fo rm a lly b e fo re i n t e r e s t g ro u p s. g ro u p s w ere;

sc h o o l.

se p a ra tin g in to

Some o f t h e a c t i v i t i e s

gam es, p la y in

Its

T he

The g ro u p

v a rio u s

o f th e se v a rio u s

t h e g y m n a s iu m , h a n d c r a f t w o r k ,

m ak in g s c r a p b o o k s f o r t h e h o s p i t a l s w h ic h h o u s e c h i l d r e n , stu d y in g f i r s t - a i d , trie d

o r d ra m a tic s.

to en co u rag e th e g i r l s

in

T he G i r l s ’ Work D i r e c t o r

a n y t y p e o f c r e a t i v e w ork

i n w h ic h th e y m ig h t b e i n t e r e s t e d .

A t a b o u t 4 ; 3 0 p .m .

th e

g ro u p a sse m b le d f o r a b u s i n e s s m e e tin g and s h o r t p ro g ra m .

65 The p ro g ra m u s u a l l y c o n s i s t e d o f t h e g r o u p s i n g i n g a p a t r i ­ o tic

or re lig io u s

so n g , a book r e p o r t b y one o f th e g i r l s ,

t h e r e a d i n g o f a n o r i g i n a l poem o f o n e o f t h e m e m b e r s , o r p o s s i b l y a m u s ic a l num ber. a fiv e

J u s t b efo re d is m is s a l,

th e y had

o r s i x m in u te d e v o t i o n a l p e r io d le d b y th e D i r e c t o r .

¥ £ h i le t h e g i r l s p ro g ram ,

to o k c h a rg e o f th e b u s i n e s s m e e tin g and

th e D ir e c to r f e l t

h e r an o p p o r t u n i t y f o r

s p i r i t u a l g u id a n c e .

The c l u b f o r g i r l s W ednesday a f t e r t h a t o f th e

t h a t th e d e v o tio n a l p a r t o f f e r e d

sc h o o l.

o f j u n i o r h ig h s c h o o l ag e m et e v e ry T h e i r p ro g ram w as a b o u t t h e

ju n io r g i r l s .

In b o th th e s e

found th e a g e span to o g r e a t f o r th e r e in te re s t.

c lu b s,

sam e a s

th e D ire c to r

to be a s tr o n g m u tu a l

T h is c lu b re m a in e d a t t h e c h u rc h f o r t h e f e l l o w ­

sh ip d in n e r .1

A f te r d in n e r th e y had a c h o ir r e h e a r s a l u n d er

th e d ir e c tio n

o f a v e ry c a p a b le le a d e r .

g irls

c lu b w ro te a p l a y , w h ic h one o f t h e o l d e r g i r l s

in

d ire c te d .

th is

When t h e y w e r e r e a d y t o p r o d u c e t h e p l a y ,

p a r e n t s w ere i n v i t e d . to

in tro d u c e

g irls

B efo re

th e ir p a re n ts to

and p a r e n ts , The t h i r d

fo r g irls

R e c e n tly one o f th e

th e g i r l s

each o th e r,

g irls *

how t o i n t r o d u c e

c l u b a t I m m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n , w as The g ro u p m et i n

A fte r g a th e rin g in fo rm a lly ,

1 C f. a n t e ,

w e r e t a u g h t how

a n d i n o t h e r ways t o a c t a s good h o s t e s s e s .

o f h ig h sch o o l a g e.

once a w eek.

th a t,

th e

p.

54.

th e ev en in g

t h i s g ro u p s e p a ra te d

66

in to

s m a lle r g ro u p s a c c o rd in g

g a m e s , g y m n a s iu m a c t i v i t i e s , c lu b had been q u ite a c tiv e b a se b a ll.

It

a ls o had

b o w lin g a l l e y n e a r th e

to t h e i r first-a id ,

i n te r e s ts — h a n d c ra ft, or d ra m a tic s.

T h is

in gam es su c h a s b a s k e t - b a l l a n d

a b o w lin g tea m , w h ic h b o w led a t

a

ch u rch .

W il s h i r e M e th o d is t C hurch h a d t h r e e c lu b s f o r g i r l s , tw o f o r t h o s e o f

ju n io r h ig h sc h o o l age and one f o r

ju n io rs .

Two o f t h e s e g r o u p s w e r e f o r G i r l R e s e r v e s a n d o n e w a s a G i r l S c o u t T ro o p . sc h o o l, under i t s

E ach o f th e s e g ro u p s m et T h u rsd a y a f t e r own l e a d e r .

M in is te r su p e rv ise d th e se

The w ife o f th e A s s i s t a n t

c lu b s.

T hese g ro u p s d id h a n d c ra ft

w o r k a n d p l a y e d g a m e s a s t h e i r m a in r e c r e a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s . T h e r e w e r e tw o g i r l s 1 c l u b s a t W i l s h i r e P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rc h , one f o r j u n i o r h i g h and one f o r s e n i o r h ig h a g e . The H our C lu b was f o r

ju n io r h ig h sch o o l g i r l s .

A s h o r t d e v o t i o n a l m e e t i n g w as

s c h o o l o n ce e v e r y o t h e r w eek. a lw a y s h e l d , of a c tiv ity .

a f t e r w h ic h t h e g i r l s The c l u b

w o u ld e n g a g e i n

some t y p e

d i d s e w i n g a n d m ad e s c r a p b o o k s f o r

h o s p ita ls and o th e r c h a r ita b le b a ll

I t m et a f t e r

in stitu tio n s .

I t had a b ask et

tea m w h ic h c o m p e te d w i t h s i m i l a r te a m s fro m o t h e r

c h u rch es. nL o s A m i g o s ” w a s a c l u b o f h i g h s c h o o l g i r l s , th e re

w ere a few g i r l s

in i t

a lth o u g h

t h a t w ere b e y o n d t h a t a g e .

had to be in v ite d

t o b e c o m e a m em ber o f t h i s c l u b ,

m ost o f th e g i r l s

who w e r e a c t i v e

in ch u rch a f f a i r s

One

a lth o u g h w ere

67 In v ite d to g irls

jo in .

The c lu b m et once e v e r y o t h e r w eek.

k n i t t e d an d sew ed f o r c h a r i t a b l e

in s titu tio n s .

o r m is sio n a ry

R e c e n t l y t h e y h a d m ade a v i s i t

C h ild re n ’ s H o s p ita l,

The

to th e

t a k i n g w i t h th e m s c r a p b o o k s a n d o t h e r

t h i n g s w h ic h t h e y h a d m ade. p a rty o r beach p a rty ,

O nce i n a w h i l e t h e g r o u p h a d a

w h ich o n ly g i r l s

a tte n d e d .

T he C h u r c h o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s h a d a n o r g a n i z a ­ tio n

known a s

fifte e n c e lls

th e B e e-H iv e G i r l s f o r g i r l s

y ears o f age.

The g i r l s b eg an a s b u i l d e r s ,

to t h e i r h iv e s as

t e s t s w ere p a s s e d .

fa c to rs

e m p h a siz e d a t t h i s

ag e l e v e l w ere:

h e a lth ,

u n d e rsta n d b e a u ty ,

lo v e t r u t h ,

jo y o f s e r v i c e .

At th e

th e

th e o rg a n iz a tio n

11sw arm d a y , ” t h e g i r l s

m o th e rs and th e

o ffic e rs

A s s o c i a t i o n w ere i n v i t e d .

The g i r l s th e

o f six te e n

a d d in g

Some o f t h e to

safeg u ard

and e x p e r ie n c e th e

t h e g r o u p tw o y e a r s w e re

f o r th e n e x t age g ro u p .

On

gave a b a n q u e t to w h ic h t h e

o f th e S t a t e M u tu al Im p ro v em en t T he r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s

w h ic h t h i s g ro u p p a r t i c i p a t e d w e re : r e a d in g , m u sic , h i k e s ,

to

e n d o f e a c h y e a r t h e r e w as a 11sw arm

d a y ” w hen t h e g i r l s who h a d b e e n i n g ra d u a te d in to

fro m f o u r t e e n

b a sk e t-b a ll,

in

sw im m in g ,

a n d a summer cam p i n G r i f f i t h P a r k .

and s e v e n te e n y e a r s o f age b e lo n g e d to

j u n i o r d e p a r t m e n t o f t h e Y oung Women’ s M u t u a l I m p r o v e m e n t

A sso c ia tio n .

T h is g ro u p w a s - p r im a r ily f o r s tu d y ,

d i d h a v e a b a s k e t - b a l l te a m . had an a n n u a l S p r in g F e s t i v a l ,

In

th e S p rin g o f th e

b u t th e y y ear,

w h ic h was an e v e n in g o f

th e y

68 e n te r ta in m e n t by th e g i r l s * G roups f o r b o y s *

A l l b u t tw o o f t h e b o y s *

th e e ig h t ch u rch es in c lu d e d in

th is p art of th is

c lu b s a t s t u d y , w ere

m e m b e rs o f n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s — T he Y o u ng M e n 's C h r i s t i a n A sso c ia tio n

o r The Boy S c o u ts o f A m e ric a .

T h o se c l u b s w h ic h

w e re p a r t o f t h e Boy S c o u t m ovem ent w i l l b e c o n s i d e r e d f i r s t * O n l y o n e c h u r c h h a d a t r o o p f o r Cub S c o u t s , f o r b o y s u n d e r tw e lv e y e a r s o f a g e . S t.

w h ic h w as

T h is tr o o p m et a t

Jam es E p is c o p a l C h u rc h , and f o llo w e d th e u s u a l p ro g ram

l a i d down f o r Cub S c o u t s . E ach o f th e c h u rc h e s S c o u tin g i s o v er,

s p o n s o r e d a t r o o p o f B oy S c o u t s .

o p e n t o a n y b o y who i s

tw e lv e y e a r s o f ag e o r

who c o u l d r e p e a t a n d p r o v e t h a t h e u n d e r s t o o d

S c o u t O a t h a n d L aw .

th e

The S c o u t O a th i s ?

On my h o n o r I w i l l do my b e s t — To d o my d u t y t o God a n d my c o u n t r y , a n d t o o b e y t h e S c o u t L aw . To h e l p o t h e r p e o p l e a t a l l t i m e s . To k e e p m y s e l f p h y s i c a l l y s t r o n g , m e n t a l l y a w a k e , and m o ra lly s t r a i g h t . ^ T h e S c o u t Law c o n s i s t s

o f tw e lv e p o i n t s ,

a s fo llo w s?

tru stw o rth y ,

c o u rte o u s,

A Scout is k in d ,

and r e v e r e n t.^

o b e d ie n t,

c h e e rfu l,

W h ile a S c o u t i s

p

w h ic h i s

lo y a l, h e lp fu l, th rifty ,

p.

10.

frie n d ly ,

b rav e,

enco u rag ed to a tte n d

H andbook f o r Boys (R e v is e d e d i t i o n ? S c o u ts o f A m e ric a, 1 9 1 0 ), p . 3 1 . 3 Ib id ..

su m m arized

c le a n , some

Hew Y o r k : B oy

69 c h u rc h and m a in ta in

some t y p e o f r e l i g i o u s l i f e ,

dogma o r c r e e d a t t a c h e d a c e rta in

to S c o u tin g .

c h u r c h d i d n o t m ean t h a t

w e r e i n a n y w ay a f f i l i a t e d

th e re

i s no

B ecause a tro o p m et in

t h e m e m b e rs o f t h a t t r o o p

w ith t h a t p a r t i c u l a r c h u rc h .

T he p r o g r a m f o l l o w e d b y t h e B o y S c o u t T r o o p s , w h i c h m et in

th e c h u rc h e s in c lu d e d in t h i s

stu d y ,

was t h e u s u a l

B o y S c o u t P r o g r a m , w h i c h i s b a s e d on l e a r n i n g

in te re s tin g

and u s e f u l t h i n g s to do d u r in g l e i s u r e

tim e .

The m ain f i e l d s

o f stu d y f o r th e S co u t a r e ;

first-a id ,

and l i f e - s a v i n g ,

w o o d c ra ft,

o u td o o r c o o k in g a n d c a m p in g ,

m ap m a k i n g , h i d i n g ,

and c i t i z e n s h i p .

r e q u ir e d t e s t s and m e r it badges in s tu d y , he i s a tta in

As t h e S c o u t p a s s e s of

Not o n ly do es th e S c o u t

se lf-p ro m o tio n by p a ssin g th e s e

le a d e rs h ip ,

s ig n a lin g ,

th e se v a rio u s f i e l d s

p ro m o te d i n S c o u t i n g .

to h e lp o th e r s .

sw im m ing

te s ts ,

b u t he le a rn s

S c o u tin g g iv e s u n u su a l o p p o r tu n ity f o r

s i n c e n e a r l y e v e r y t r o o p c o n ta in s * a l l a g e s from

tw e lv e y e a r s u p .

I n t h i s w ay,

th e S c o u t l e a r n s to

th e o ld e r b o y s 'f o r c o u n se l and h e lp , and c o u n s e llin g

a t th e

lo o k to

sam e t i m e h e l p i n g

th e younger b o y s.

I m m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h was t h e o n l y c h u r c h w h i c h h a d a Sea S c o u t T ro o p . y e a rs o r o v er,

Sea S c o u tin g i s

f o r S c o u ts o f f i f t e e n

who a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d

i n a pro g ram

o f se am a n sh ip a c t i v i t i e s . T h e c l u b s o f t h e Y oung M en*s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n w ere d i v i d e d i n t o

fo u r g ro u p s, a c c o rd in g

to a g e .

The P h a l a n x ,

70 f o r y o u n g men o f c o l l e g e a g e , h a s a l r e a d y b e e n d i s c u s s e d . ^ The t h r e e d i v i s i o n s f o r y o u n g e r b o y s w e re : Y T r i b e s f o r j u n i o r b o y s fro m n i n e t o

tw e lv e y e a r s ,

J u n i o r H i-Y f o r b o y s

o f j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l , a n d H i-Y f o r s e n i o r h i g h s c h o o l b o y s , S i x o f t h e e i g h t c h u r c h e s h a d o n e o r m o r e o f t h e s e Y oun g M en1s G h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n

c lu b s .

C a th e d ra l C hapel and th e

C h u rc h o f th e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s w ere t h e o n ly c h u r c h e s n o t h a v in g a n y . T hese c lu b s o r ig in a te d

i n a w ay q u i t e d i f f e r e n t f r o m

A c lu b o f t h i s

t h e Boy S c o u t T r o o p s .

ty p e u s u a l l y b eg an b y

a g ro u p o f b o y s o f s i m i l a r age and i n t e r e s t fo rm in g a n u c le u s fo r~ a c lu b . o b je c tiv e s,

T h is g ro u p fo rm u la te d i t s

w h ic h w ere p r e s e n t e d to

p u rp o se and

th e n e a r e s t b ra n c h o f f i c e

o f t h e Y o u n g Men’ s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n .

The b r a n c h

E x e c u t i v e w o u ld t h e n h e l p t h e g r o u p f i n d a l e a d e r a n d c h u r c h hom e.

S o m e tim e s t h e s e

its e lf

when t h e c h u r c h f e l t

such a c lu b .

c lu b s o r ig in a te d

w ith th e c h u rc h

t h e r e w as a g r o u p o f b o y s n e e d i n g

Then t h e c h u r c h w o u ld u s u a l l y i n v i t e a l l

b o y s o f t h a t a g e g r o u p t o come t o g e t h e r t o fo rm in g o f su c h a c lu b .

ta lk

th e

o v er th e

A f t e r c l u b s h a v e b e e n f o r m e d , new

m e m b e rs c o u l d o n l y j o i n w i t h t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h e c l u b m e m b e r s . A p r o s p e c t i v e m em ber w o u l d v i s i t f o r a t i m e o r t w o , a n d t h e n be a sk ed to

s t a y aw ay f o r o n e m e e t i n g .

^ C f. a n te ,

p.

57.

T h e m e m b e rs w o u l d

71 th e n v o te a s to w h e th e r o r n o t th e a p p li c a n t a c c e p te d

i n t o m e m b e rsh ip .

By t h i s m e t h o d ,

sh o u ld he

e a c h g r o u p was

k e p t hom ogeneous b o th a s t o ag e and i n t e r e s t . T hese c lu b s a t a l l sta n d a rd s

tim e s h ad t o m ea su re up to

s e t b y t h e B o y s T W ork C o m m i t te e w i t h i n

th e ch u rch

a s w e l l a s t h o s e s e t b y t h e Y oung M enTs C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a ­ tio n .

The l e a d e r o f t h e g ro u p m u st b e p r e p a r e d f o r

le a d e r s h ip by a tte n d in g a c o u rse in e v e r y m o n th .

such

l e a d e r s h i p w h ic h m et

He m u s t c o n t i n u e t o b e s a t i s f a c t o r y i n t h e e y e s

o f t h e Y oung M e n 's C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n .

E ach c lu b m ust

send a b o y to r e p r e s e n t th e c lu b a t a m o n th ly m e e tin g w ith o th e r re p re s e n ta tiv e s

fro m s i m i l a r c lu b s w i t h in

th a t a re a .

O b j e c t i v e s an d p l a n s w ere d i s c u s s e d a t t h e s e m e e ti n g s , t h a t a l l c l u b s w o u ld c a r r y o u t c e r t a i n b y t h e m a in a s s o c i a t i o n . u n it in i t s e l f , in te re s ts .

p l a n s a s e m p h a size d

A s id e fro m t h i s ,

e m p h a siz in g th e

lin e s

Sw im m ing w a s m ade p o s s i b l e

so

e a c h c lu b was a

of its

own p a r t i c u l a r

fo r a ll

th e s e c lu b s

at

t h e H o l l y w o o d Y oung M e n 's C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n p l u n g e .

In

t h e sum m er a l l

t h e b o y s w ere e n c o u r a g e d t o go t o

cam ps m a i n t a i n e d b y t h e A s s o c i a t i o n

in a n e a r b y m o u n ta in a r e a .

P our o f th e e ig h t c h u rc h es had Y T rib e s f o r b o y s fro m n in e to ch u rch es

tw e lv e y e a r s o f a g e .

t h e r e w ere n i n e Y T r i b e s .

known a s F r i e n d l y I n d i a n s , ty p e o f t r a d i t i o n .

sum m er

In

ju n io r

th e se fo u r

T hese c lu b s u sed to be

and th ey have c a r r i e d

The c l u b m et o n c e a w eek.

on t h a t

At each

72 m e e t i n g t h e r e w as u s u a l l y

some t y p e o f r i t u a l o r r e l i g i o u s

o b se rv a n c e , a b u s in e s s m e e tin g , n a tu re ,

s o m e th in g o f an e d u c a t i o n a l

and a p h y s ic a l a c t i v i t y .

In

th e Y T rib e s a la r g e

p r o p o r t i o n o f t h e b o y s w ere a f f i l i a t e d w h ic h th e c lu b m e t.

w ith th e ch u rch a t

T hree o f th e c h u rc h e s sp o n s o rin g Y

t r i b e s h a d g y m n a s iu m s w h e r e t h e b o y s c o u l d p l a y b a s k e t - b a l l , v o lle y b a ll,

o r o t h e r gam es i n

season.

The one c h u r c h w h ic h

w as n o t t h u s e q u i p p e d , W i l s h i r e C r e s t P r e s b y t e r i a n , fa c ilitie s in

a t e i t h e r o f t h e o t h e r tw o P r e s b y t e r i a n

used th e ch u rc h es

th e a re a . J u n i o r Hi-Y* s w e r e s p o n s o r e d b y f i v e

ch u rch es.

o f th e e ig h t

T hese fo u r c h u rc h es had t h i r t e e n

of th e se c lu b s .

T h e J u n i o r H i- Y c l u b s w e r e o r i g i n a l l y c a l l e d nam e p a r t l y e x p l a i n i n g m et once a w eek.

t h e i r m a jo r e m p h a sis.

e x e rc ise ,

i n t e r e s t o f m ost o f th e boys in They p la y e d b a s k e t - b a l l ,

s i m i l a r gam es.

th e

T hese c lu b s

I n c l u d e d i n e a c h m e e tin g w ere b u s i n e s s ,

som e t y p e o f r e l i g i o u s

gam es.

P io n e e rs,

and p la y .

The p r i m a r y

th e se c lu b s , b a se b a ll,

w as a t h l e t i c

v o lle y b a ll,

A ll b u t one o f th e c h u rc h e s s p o n s o rin g

and th e se

g r o u p s h a d g y m n a siu m s, w h e re t h e b o y s c o u ld p r a c t i c e a n d p la y .

( W i l s h i r e C r e s t P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rc h , h a v in g no

g y m n a s iu m , u s e d t h e g y m n a s iu m o f o n e o f t h e o t h e r n e a r b y P re sb y te ria n

c h u rc h e s .)

A r e g u l a r sc h e d u le o f c o m p e titiv e

g a m e s am ong t h e s e c l u b s w as w o r k e d o u t b y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s fro m th e v a r i o u s c l u b s .

73 T he sam e f i v e

ch u rch es t h a t

s p o n s o r e d J u n i o r H i- Y

c l u b s s p o n s o r e d H i-Y c l u b s f o r b o y s o f h i g h s c h o o l a g e . T h e re w ere t w e n ty - o n e su c h c l u b s m e e tin g i n ch u rch es.

E ach c lu b m et o n ce a w eek.

th e se fiv e

W h i l e t h e m a in

i n t e r e s t o f t h e s e b o y s w as i n a t h l e t i c s ,

a p a rt o f each

m e e t i n g w as d e v o t e d t o r e l i g i o u s o r r i t u a l o b s e r v a n c e . b o y s p l a y e d t h e u s u a l gam es in v o lle y b a l l , c lu b s,

o r b a se b a ll.

season,

such a s b a s k e t - b a l l ,

E ac h c l u b c o m p e te d w i t h o t h e r

f o l l o w i n g a r e g u l a r s c h e d u le w orked o u t b y a

re p re se n ta tiv e

c o m m itte e .

One c h u r c h , W i l s h i r e C r e s t P r e s b y t e r i a n , fro m th e J u n i o r H ig h g ro u p u p , p r e s e n t e d q u i t e a p ro b le m . at

th is

ch u rch ,

fa m ilie s.

found t h a t

th e m a tte r o f p re ju d ic e

The b o y s ,

in

w ere l a r g e l y fro m o u t s i d e

th e c lu b s

t h a t m et

t h e i r ch u rch

The J e w is h an d G e n t i l e bo y s d i d n o t m in g le

h a rm o n io u sly — i f w o u ld n o t a l l o w v ersa.

T hese

a g ro u p o f J e w i s h b o y s w ere p l a y i n g , th e G e n tile boys to

th e y

j o i n w i t h th em , a n d v i c e

F iv e o f th e Y c lu b s sp o n so red by t h i s

l a r g e l y t h e i r own S u n d a y s c h o o l b o y s .

ch u rc h ,

w ere

T hese c lu b s p re s e n te d

no p ro b le m , b u t th e o t h e r s w ere a c a u s e o f g r e a t c o n c e r n . Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n ,

w h i c h s p o n s o r e d s e v e n H i- Y

c lu b s and s ix te e n Y c lu b s in a l l ,

found t h a t a b o u t f i f t y

p e r c e n t o f t h e b o y s w e r e f r o m t h e i r own c h u r c h f a m i l i e s . They e n c o u ra g e d th e b o y s to upon th e r e b e in g

jo in

some c h u r c h , a n d i n s i s t e d

some s o r t o f d e v o t i o n a l p e r i o d a t

each c lu b

74 m e e tin g . T h is c h u rc h h a d r e c e n t l y h a d an i n t e r e s t i n g in

b e g i n n i n g tw o g r o u p s f o r n e a r - d e l i n q u e n t s .

e x p e rie n c e

One d a y t h e

B o y s 1 Work D i r e c t o r f o u n d tw o o r t h r e e b o y s , who s e l l p a p e r s a t t h e c o r n e r o f W i l s h i r e a n d V e rm o n t, p l a y i n g g y m n a s iu m .

When t h e D i r e c t o r w a l k e d i n t o

in t h e c h u r c h 1s

t h e g y m n a s iu m ,

th e

b o y s w ere f r i g h t e n e d and e x p e c te d t o be s e v e r e l y r e p r im a n d e d . T h e y w e r e a g r e e a b l y s u r p r i s e d w hen h e e x p l a i n e d t o t h e m t h a t h e w a s g l a d t o h a v e t h e m u s e t h e g y m n a s iu m , b u t t h a t i t

w as

u s u a l l y u s e d b y g r o u p s who b e l o n g e d t o a c l u b .

He a s k e d t h e

boys i f

th em i n

t h e y h a d f r i e n d s who w o u ld l i k e

fo rm in g a c lu b .

As a r e s u l t o f t h i s ,

to

jo in

tw o s i m i l a r g r o u p s

w ere fo rm e d . One e v e n i n g ,

w h ile t h e y w ere h a v in g a c lu b m e e ti n g ,

t h e D i r e c t o r w a lk e d i n an d f o u n d s e v e r a l o f t h e b o y s sm o k in g . A g a in t h e b o y s e x p e c te d t o b e s e v e r e l y s c o l d e d . D ir e c to r m e re ly e x p la in e d to

sm oke i n t h a t c h u r c h ,

sm oke, a n d t h e n r e t u r n

to th a t

th e m t h a t

it

The

w as n o t c u s t o m a r y

t h e y h a d b e t t e r go o u t s i d e to

f o r t h e i r m e e tin g .

The D i r e c t o r h a s

h ad no f u r t h e r d i f f i c u l t y o f a n y k in d w i t h e i t h e r o f t h e s e g ro u p s o f b o y s.

T hey d i s c i p l i n e d

w e ll-b e h a v e d g ro u p s.

e a c h o t h e r a n d w ere v e r y

They even c a r r i e d

on t h e i r own d e v o -

t i o n a l s a t t h e i r m e e tin g s. A t Im m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h t h e r e w a s a b o x i n g c lu b f o r boys o f th e second and t h i r d

g rad es.

T hese boys

75 m et e v e r y S a tu r d a y a f t e r n o o n f o r l e s s o n s and p r a c t i c e i n b o x in g . The C h u rc h o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s

s p o n s o re d no

Y ou ng M enf s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n c l u b , b u t i t c lu b f o r i t s

own b o y s .

d id have a

T h is c lu b f o r boys o f f i f t e e n

s i x t e e n y e a r s o f a g e w as known a s t h e V a n g u a r d s , p r o g r a m w a s s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f t h e H i- Y c l u b ,

and

Its

except fo r

p l a c i n g m o re e m p h a s i s on t h e s i d e o f s t u d y a n d r e l i g i o n . M ix e d g r o u p s f o r b o y s a n d g i r l s .

A ll e ig h t o f th e

c h u r c h e s h a d some t y p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t y b oys and g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d t h e s e w ere o r g a n i z e d g r o u p s . school age,

in w h ic h

to g e th e r a lth o u g h o n ly seven o f F o r th o se u n d e r j u n io r h ig h

t h e o n l y m ix e d g r o u p se e m e d t o b e i n

w ith C h r is tia n

Endeavor S o c ie ty ,

c o n n e c tio n

a n d o n l y tw o c h u r c h e s h a d -

t h e s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r th o s e u n d e r tw e lv e y e a r s o f age* T h e s e m e e tin g s w ere h e l d i n

t h e m o rn in g w h i l e r e g u l a r c h u r c h

w o r s h i p s e r v i c e w as i n p r o g r e s s . O n ly f o u r o f t h e c h u r c h e s h a d a n y ty p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n f o r boys and g i r l s th e s e g ro u p s m et in

o f th e

ju n io r h ig h sc h o o l a g e .

t h e m o rn in g d u r in g

Two o f

t h e c h u r c h 1s w o r s h i p

s e r v i c e a n d tw o g r o u p s m e t S u n d a y e g e n i n g .

At W ilsh ire

C rest

P r e s b y t e r i a n c h u rc h t h e g ro u p m et a s p a r t o f th e C hurch o f Y o u th p ro g ra m .

T h e j u n i o r h i g h b r a n c h w as a s e p a r a t e

o rg a n iz a tio n w ith i t s

own o f f i c e r s a n d c o m m i t t e e s .

r e l i g i o u s m e e tin g and d i s c u s s i o n

p e rio d ,

A fte r a

th e g ro u p sang o r

76 p l a y e d gam es a t t h e c h u r c h .

O nce a m o n t h t h e J u n i o r H i g h

d e p a rtm e n t h ad a p a r t y w h ic h in c lu d e d a l l s c h o o l a g e who a t t e n d e d S u n d a y s c h o o l i n C h u rc h o f Y o u th i n tie s

th e e v e n in g ,

d u r in g th e w eek.

th e m o rn in g ,

o r any o f th e

th e

c lu b a c t i v i ­

The D i r e c t o r fo u n d t h a t t h e s e p a r t i e s

p r e s e n t e d q u i t e a p ro b le m ,

sin c e

th e g i r l s

d a n c in g to any o th e r k in d o f r e c r e a t i o n . age,

o f ju n io r h ig h

p referred

so c ia l

T he b o y s o f t h i s

on t h e o t h e r h a n d , w e r e n o t m a t u r e e n o u g h t o b e

in te re s te d

in d a n c in g , and p r e f e r r e d gam es.

d e a l o f p la n n in g

It

to o k a good

t o m ake t h e s e a f f a i r s a s u c c e s s .

W ils h ir e C h r i s t i a n C hurch*s

j u n io r h ig h g ro u p m et

Sunday e v e n in g f o r c h o ir r e h e a r s a l and r e l i g i o u s m e e tin g o n ly .

On YYednesday, t h i s

sc h o o l to th e c h u rc h .

sam e g r o u p cam e d i r e c t l y

The b o y s and g i r l s

fro m

p la y e d b a s k e t - b a ll ,

v o lle y b a ll,

p in g -p o n g ,

A t 6 5 15 p .m .

t h e y w ere s e r v e d a v e r y good d i n n e r f o r tw e n ty -

fiv e

c e n ts

o r o t h e r gam es u n t i l d i n n e r t i m e .

(th e a d d itio n a l c o s t o f tw e n ty -fiv e

p e rso n b e in g p a id b y th e c h u rc h ) .

c e n ts p er

A f te r d in n e r th e y had a

m e e tin g w h ic h i n c l u d e d s i n g i n g , S c r i p t u r e r e a d i n g , d isc u ssio n

o f an a p p r o p r i a t e

n e x t w eek*s m e e t i n g .

to p ic ,

W h ile t h i s

p ray er,

and o f p la n n in g f o r th e

g r o u p w h ic h m et W ed n esd ay

a f t e r n o o n a n d e v e n i n g , w as c o m p o s e d m o s t l y o f t h o s e

who

a tte n d e d Sunday sc h o o l and th e Sunday e v en in g s e r v i c e ,

o th e rs

w e r e a l w a y s w e lco m e t o c o m e . A t W ilsh ire P re s b y te ria n

C h u rch ,

th e

ju n io r h ig h g ro u p

77 m et S unday m o rn in g . weeks.

They had a p a r t y a b o u t e v e r y f o u r o r s i x

Som etim es t h e y h a d a w i e n ie bak e a t

th e b each o r in

one o f t h e p a r k s , b u t t h e m ost p o p u l a r ty p e o f p a r t y was th e one h e l d a t M adre.

t h e home o f a c h u r c h m e m b e r who l i v e d

On a S a t u r d a y n i g h t ,

fo r an in fo rm a l d in n e r . d in n er.

in S ie rra

t h e g ro u p w ould g a t h e r t h e r e

A h i k e w ould u s u a l l y f o l l o w t h e

Then t h e g r o u p w ould r e a s s e m b l e f o r

sin g in g ,

games,

and a g e n e r a l good tim e . The

ju n io r h ig h group a t

Immanuel P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rc h

u s u a l l y had a p a r t y a b o u t once a m onth.

The g r o u p p l a n n e d

t h e i r own p a r t i e s w i t h t h e h e l p o f o n e o f t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l d ire c to rs. W hile a l l a c tiv itie s

e ig h t o f th e c h u rch es had r e c r e a t i o n a l

f o r th e boys and g i r l s

of sen io r h ig h school age,

o n l y se v e n o f them had o r g a n i z e d g r o u p s f o r t h o s e o f t h a t age.

In

s ix o f the P r o te s ta n t churches th e r e c r e a t io n a l

program c e n t e r e d a ro u n d th e g rou p t h a t m et Sunday e v e n in g for relig io u s At S t. m eetin g ,

serv ices. Jam es E p i s c o p a l c h u r c h th e g ro u p m et b e f o r e

the

f o r a s u p p e r w h i c h was p r o v i d e d b y t h e c h u r c h .

T h e r e was n o o t h e r a c t i v i t y o f a r e c r e a t i o n a l n a t u r e h e l d i n c o n n e c tio n w ith th e Sunday evening s e r v i c e , even in g s,

b u t on W e d n e s d a y

t h e g r o u p u s u a l l y m et i n t h e church* s gym nasium .

T h e r e t h e y would p l a y b a s k e t - b a l l ,

v o lley b a ll,

or dance.

Once e v e r y s i x o r e i g h t weeks t h e g r o u p h a d a p a r t y .

Some-

78 tim es i t park,

was a w i e n i e o r

ste a k bake a t the beach or in a

som etim es a p a r t y a t w hich games w ere p l a y e d ,

som etim es i t

wa s a d a n c e ,

e n g a g e d an o r c h e s t r a

and

When t h e y h a d a d a n c e t h e y

to f u r n i s h th e m usic.

W i l s h i r e C r e s t C hurch had r e c r e a t i o n a l

a c tiv itie s

e v e r y S u n d ay e v e n in g a f t e r t h e i r r e g u l a r C h u rch o f Y outh m eetin g .

The g r o u p u s u a l l y s a n g ,

enjoyed th e m se lv e s. p arty . p arty ,

p la y e d games, o r o th e r w is e

A bo u t once a m onth t h e g r o u p h a d a

I t m ig h t be a b e a c h p a r t y , or a dance.

a w ien ie bake,

The D i r e c t o r f o u n d i t

an o r d i n a r y

d iffic u lt

to g e t

t h e g ro u p t o p la n an e n t e r t a i n m e n t f o r th e m s e lv e s , b u t t h a t wh en t h e y d i d p l a n o n e ,

th ey r e a l l y

A bout once o r tw ic e a y e a r , in clu d in g

ju n io r h ig h ,

a b ig a f f a i r . by a program ,

th e e n t i r e Church o f Y outh,

sen io r h ig h ,

and c o lle g e g ro u p s, had

T h i s was u s u a l l y a p o t - l u c k d i n n e r , games,

fo llo w ed

and d a n c in g .

’W i l s h i r e P r e s b y t e r i a n program in

enjoy ed th e m se lv e s.

C hurch h a d no r e c r e a t i o n a l

c o n n e c tio n w ith t h e i r Sunday evening s e r v i c e .

A b o u t e v e r y f o u r o r s i x w e e k s t h e g r o u p h a d some t y p e o f w eek-day p a rty ? p arty .

a w ien ie bake,

beach p a rty ,

One S a t u r d a y e v e n i n g a m o n t h t h e g r o u p m e t i n S i e r r a

M a d r e a t t h e home o f a m em ber o f t h e in fo rm al d in n e r, to

or o rd in ary

the house,

church.

A f t e r an

th e group en jo y ed a s h o r t h ik e .

t h e y w ould p l a y gam es,

sin g ,

R etu rn in g

o r see m otion

p i c t u r e s w h i c h some m e m b e r o f t h e g r o u p h a d t a k e n .

79 Immanuel P r e s b y t e r i a n C hurch d i d n o t o f t e n h a v e rec rea tio n a l a c tiv itie s m onth a l l

on S u n d a y e v e n i n g .

About once a

th e C h r i s t i a n E nd eav o r S o c i e t i e s met t o g e t h e r

Sunday evening f o r a s in g .

R e f re s h m e n ts were u s u a l l y s e r v e d

before

th e group d isb a n d e d f o r

group,

a b o u t o n c e a m o n t h w e n t t o t h e home o f o n e o f t h e

group a f t e r i t s

The h i g h s c h o o l

r e g u l a r m eetin g a t th e c h u rc h .

sin g and have re fre s h m e n ts . a b o u t once a m onth.

They w ould

The g r o u p a l s o h a d a p a r t y

The g r o u p , w i t h t h e h e l p o f one o f t h e

rec rea tio n a l d ire c to rs, was a h a y r i d e ,

the evenin g.

p l a n n e d t h e i r own p a r t i e s .

som etim es a p i c n i c ,

Once i t

and som etim es a p a r t y

a t w h ich games w ere p l a y e d . Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u rc h had t h r e e c h o i r s boys and g i r l s . reh earsal,

for

W h ile t h e i r m ain e m p h a s is was i n c h o i r

t h e y d i d h a v e some t y p e o f p a r t y o r s o c i a l a f f a i r

once o r tw ice a y e a r. At W ilsh ire C h ris tia n u n ited

in

C hurch t h e young p e o p le were

th e C h r i s t i a n Y outh F e l lo w s h i p — a program d e s ig n e d

f o r t h e young p e o p le o f th e D i s c i p l e s o f C h r i s t . e m p h a s i s o f t h i s F e l l o w s h i p was t o u n i t e such s tu d y and a c t i o n w orld.

young p e o p le in

a s would l e a d t o b u i l d i n g a C h r i s t i a n

A t t h e sa m e t i m e ,

were e n c o u ra g e d to

its

The m a jo r

jo in

t h e young p e o p le o f t h i s

th eir

church

f o r c e s w ith s i m i l a r groups in

o th e r deno m ination s in a c o n c e rte d e f f o r t to b u i l d t h i s C h r is tia n w orld.

T h e Y o u t h B o a r d , w h i c h was t h e c a b i n e t f o r

80 th e F ello w sh ip , age group,

was com posed o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s f r o m e a c h

the p re s id e n t of each o rg a n iz a tio n

y o u th m em bership, a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the church,

w hich h ad

from th e o f f i c i a l b o a rd

and th e Y outh D i r e c t o r .

T h i s b o a r d made

recom m endations to th e v a r i o u s g ro u p s c o n c e rn in g p o l i c i e s w h ich would l e a d to w a rd g r e a t e r u n i f i c a t i o n

o f e f f o r t and

p u rp o se.5 The h i g h s c h o o l g ro u p o f t h e C h r i s t i a n Y outh F e l l o w ­ s h i p u s u a l l y w e n t t o t h e home o f o n e o f i t s m e m b e r s a f t e r its

Sunday evening r e l i g i o u s m e e tin g .

m et a t th e

The h i g h s c h o o l g ro u p

c h u rc h w ith th e c o ll e g e age g ro u p e v e ry o th e r

F rid a y evening fo r r e c r e a t i o n a l p u rp o se s. p l a y e d games o f a l l b a ll,

k in d s,

badm inton, t e n n i s ,

t h a t met t h e r e d u r i n g boys and g i r l s fello w sh ip ,

At t h a t tim e ,

w hich in c lu d e d b a s k e t - b a l l ,

b a seb a ll,

and p in g -p o n g .

t h e w e ek w a s l a r g e l y t h e

th ey

v o lle y

The g r o u p

same g r o u p o f

who a t t e n d e d S u n d a y S c h o o l a n d S u n d a y e v e n i n g

a l t h o u g h o t h e r s w e re welcome t o a t t e n d .

A p arty

o f some k i n d was u s u a l l y h e l d o n c e a m o n t h i n a d d i t i o n th ese o th e r g e t-to -g e th e rs

to

j u s t m entioned.

The h i g h s c h o o l g ro u p o f t h e E p w o rth L eag u e a t W i l s h i r e M e t h o d i s t C h u r c h h a d some s o r t o f r e c r e a t i o n a l affa ir a fter its

r e g u l a r Sunday evening m e e tin g .

One w e ek

® M erle E. F i s h , J r . , S tu d y o f th e C h r i s t i a n Y outh F e l l o w s h i p o f t h e W i l s h i r e C h r i s t i a n C h u r c h o f L o s A n g e l e s , 11 ( • u n p u b lis h e d M a s t e r 1s t h e s i s , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 4 2 ) , p p . 2 , 1 6 .

81

th e group sta y e d a t th e church and p lay e d s h u f f le b o a rd , ping-pong,

C hinese c h e c k e rs ,

carrom s,

or

some s u c h g a m e .

The n e x t S u n d a y e v e n i n g t h e g r o u p would go t o one o f i t s

members a f t e r

t h e y w ould u s u a l l y s i n g

th e r e g u la r m eetin g . songs, have

h a v e a g e n e r a l good tim e .

some,

W h ile games w ere s o c ia l dan cin g .

C a t h e d r a l C h a p el h a d an o r g a n i z a t i o n f o r boys and g i r l s

of high school age.

T hursday evening.

A t 7 :3 0 p.m .

c a l l e d C h i Rho

T h is g ro u p met e v e r y

t h e d o o r s were lo c k e d an d no

T his u s u a l ly a t t r a c t e d

e i g h t y t o one h u n d re d b o y s and g i r l s . e v e n i n g wa s g i v e n o v e r t o r e l i g i o u s p a rticip a tio n

t h e home,

Once e v e r y two m o n th s t h i s g r o u p

th e m a j o r it y enjoyed

l a t e - c o m e r s were a d m i t t e d .

In

s o c i a l d a n cin g , and

h a d a s o c i a l e v e n in g d u r i n g t h e week. provided f o r

t h e ho me o f

The f i r s t

in stru ctio n ,

in d is c u s s io n s d e a lin g w ith l i f e

from

p a rt of th e and p u p i l

problem s.

T his p a r t o f th e evening had been p r e v io u s ly plan n ed and th o se p a r tic ip a tin g th at,

prepared fo r t h e i r p a rt in i t .

f o l l o w e d games a n d d a n c i n g .

m in stre l

A fter

T h e g r o u p wa s p l a n n i n g a

show t o w h i c h t h e p a r e n t s w o u l d b e i n v i t e d .

sh ow w o u l d p r o b a b l y b e g i v e n b e f o r e from th e e i g h t h g r a d e , th e s e boys and g i r l s ,

the c la s s

so a s to a r o u s e and encourage

The

g rad u atin g

the e n th u sia sm o f

them t o

j o i n t h e Chi Rho.

The C h u rc h o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s h a d n o o r g a n i z a t i o n w hich com bined t h e b o y s and g i r l s g ro u p , how ever,

was i n c l u d e d i n

of high school age.

the

so cial a ff a irs

T his

sponsored

82 b y t h e M utual Im provem ent A s s o c ia t io n * s o c ia l dance a t l e a s t p lanned a f f a i r

once a m onth.

T h is in clu d ed a

The d a n c e was a w e l l -

f o r w hich th e b e s t a v a i l a b l e o r c h e s t r a

engaged to p la y .

was

A t l e a s t o n c e d u r i n g t h e m o n th t h e r e was

some o t h e r t y p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m ? a d ram atic perform ance,

a m o tio n -p ictu re,

or a carn iv al.

T h u s i t may b e s e e n t h a t r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s o ffe re d in

were

f u l l o r l i m i t e d program s, by th e ch u rch es o f th e

W ilsh ire D i s t r i c t .

They c o v e re d ,

e v e ry type o f r e c r e a t i o n

known.

p lan n ed f o r ev ery age group.

in f u l l

o r In p a r t ,

alm ost

They h a d b e e n f o s t e r e d and

CHAPTER V SOCIAL VALUES OP CHURCH RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS On© o f t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h i s

s t u d y was t o a s c e r t a i n

what s o c i a l v a l u e s t h e c h u r c h e s aim ed t o a c h i e v e t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l program s, "being a c c o m p l i s h e d .

a n d how w e l l

through

t h e i r aim s were

The a i m s w e r e a s c e r t a i n e d b y f i n d i n g

o u t why t h e c h u r c h e s h a d e s t a b l i s h e d

r e c r e a t i o n a l program s.

An e f f o r t was a l s o m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e w h a t h a d b e e n t h e tra in in g of th e ir re c re a tio n a l lead ers. tain

In o rd er to a s c e r­

th e s o c i a l v a lu e s w h ich th e c h u rc h e s w ere a c c o m p lis h in g

through t h e i r r e c r e a tio n ,

a q u e s t i o n n a i r e wa s c i r c u l a t e d

among o v e r t w o h u n d r e d p a r t i c i p a n t s . Reasons f o r e s t a b l is h i n g q u e stio n n a ire used in

th is

th ese program s.

study,

th e

q u e s t i o n was a s k e d *

wW h a t d o y o u c o n s i d e r t h e p u r p o s e o f r e c r e a t i o n c h u r c h ? 11

T h ree p u r p o s e s w ere s u g g e s t e d ,

fo r th e l i s t i n g

an y o f th e low er p a r t f i l l e d As t o t h e p u r p o s e , s h i p , 11 t h e r e

T h e r e wa s a

of o th er purposes.

one q u e s t i o n n a i r e s i n c l u d e d in

th is

In your

w ith a p lace to

c h e c k e i t h e r Ky e s H o r ftn o n a f t e r e a c h i t e m . space l e f t

In th e

stu d y ,

Of t h e

tw en ty -

th re e d id n o t have

in a t a l l .

tfTo a t t r a c t g r o u p s t o c h u r c h m em ber

seemed to be l i t t l e

agreem ent.

c h e c k e d try e s w, f o u r c h e c k e d wn o w, w h i l e n i n e

F ive ch u rch es failed

to check

eith er*

The f i v e

th at

c h e c k e d " y e s " w e r e n o t i n c l u d e d among

t h e e i g h t c h u r c h e s w h ic h h a d t h e more e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s.

Two o f t h e

e ig h t ch u rch es hav in g e x te n s iv e r e c r e a ­

t i o n a l program s answ ered " n o ,” w h ile

the r e s t

ig n o red th a t

purpose e n t i r e l y . T h e r e seemed t o b e a l m o s t u n i v e r s a l a g r e e m e n t a s t o w h e t h e r t h e p u r p o s e o f r e c r e a t i o n wa s "T o d e v e l o p c h a r a c t e r . " F ifteen

churches checked "y e s",

and th e o t h e r t h r e e f a i l e d

to answ er t h a t q u e s tio n . On t h e q u e s t i o n a s t o w h e t h e r o n e o f t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h e c h u r c h * s r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m wa s "To p r e v e n t d e l i n q u e n c y in c o m m u n ity ," 'te n

fe lt

th at it

was o n e o f i t s

purposes.

O n l y o n e c h e c k e d Hn o H, a n d t h e r e a s o n f o r h i s r e s p o n s e w a s ex p lain ed by h is

comments a t

where he s t a t e d ?

"Our r e c r e a t i o n a l program i s

R e c r e a t i o n a l equipm ent i s

th e b o tto m o f th e

sm all.

a re w e ll provided w ith re c re a tio n

q u estio n n aire, fo r th e church.

The c h i l d r e n

i n my c h u r c h

e lsew h e re.0

Seven f a i l e d

to check e i t h e r " y e s ” or "now f o r t h i s p u rp o se. Some o f t h e o t h e r p u r p o s e s w h i c h t h e c h u r c h e s h o p e d t o a c c o m p l i s h t h r o u g h t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m s were l i s t e d a s "To p r o m o t e a c q u a i n t a n c e a n d s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . " "G eneral s o c ia l i n t e g r i t y . " " P r o v i d e a w holesom e e n v ir o n m e n t f o r an i m p o r t a n t area of l i f e . " " P r i m a r i l y t o g i v e wholesom e a c t i v i t y f o r y o u t h o f B ib le sc h o o l."

85 "To a s s i s t

th e y o u n g ste rs in

th e ir leisu re

tim e ."

"T o show t h e y o u n g p e o p l e t h a t C h r i s t i a n r e c r e a ­ t i o n i s m o st b e n e f i c i a l an d t h a t i t c e r t a i n l y i s m ore w o rth w h ile." " I f C h r is tia n c h a r a c te r i s developed i t w i l l a t t r a c t i n d i v i d u a l s to c h u rc h m em b ersh ip ." Through th e p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w w ith th e m i n i s t e r s and r e c r e a t i o n a l w orkers in program s,

it

was p o s s i b l e

th e c h u rc h e s w hich had e x t e n s i v e

t o l e a r n more o f t h e r e a l p u r p o s e s

w hich th e c h u rc h e s hoped to a c c o m p lish th ro u g h t h e i r r e c r e a ­ t i o n a l program s.

In the

e i g h t c h u r c h e s i n w h ic h a more

t h o r o u g h s t u d y was m ade, a l l b u t one o f t h e m i n i s t e r s w e re m ost e n t h u s i a s t i c th at

about a r e c r e a t i o n a l program ,

th e ch u rch should p ro v id e f o r

of its

th a t p a r t of the l i v e s

p eo p le. In one c h u rc h ,

t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m was m a i n t a i n e d

to a id in th e developm ent o f C h r i s t ia n m in ister f e l t th at

c itiz e n sh ip .

The

th a t i t d id h e lp in p rev e n tin g d elin q u en c y ,

and

th e Sunday e v e n in g Church o f Y outh k e p t th e young p e o p le

from a t t e n d i n g Sunday ev ening m o v ies. sid e,

and f e l t

he f e l t

d evelo pm ent."

th at i t

On t h e m o r e p o s i t i v e

sh o u ld "prom ote a c q u a in ta n c e and s o c i a l

T h e G i r l s 1 W ork D i r e c t o r ,

R e lig io u s E ducation D i r e c to r ,

who a l s o

se rv ed as

w anted th e young p e o p le t o f e e l

t h a t th e c h u rc h had r e c r e a t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s w hich s a t i s ­ fied

th e ir needs.

She d e s i r e d

to h a v e t h e young p e o p le f e e l

t h a t t h e y c o u l d f i n d w h a t t h e y w a n t e d i n r e c r e a t i o n am o ng t h e church group,

w h e r e t h e r e was a m o r e w h o l e s o m e a t m o s p h e r e .

86 In

t h i s c h u rc h t h e y had no d i f f i c u l t y i n a t t r a c t i n g

b u t r a t h e r in p ro v id in g f a c i l i t i e s w h ic h came t h e r e f o r r e c r e a t i o n . fin d in g re c re a tio n a t

th is

groups,

t o accom m odate t h e g ro u p s Most o f t h e young p e o p le

c h u rc h were from o u t s i d e th e

m em bership and c h u rc h f a m i l i e s . A m i n i s t e r i n a c h u r c h o f t h e sa m e d e n o m i n a t i o n a s th e one j u s t m e n tio n e d ,

felt

t o g i v e wholesom e a c t i v i t y a s s is ta n t m in iste r,

th at recreatio n

f o r youth o f B ib le

should m a in ta in r e c r e a t io n

He t h o u g h t t h a t

ju stify

itse lf

the ch u rch

p r o g r a m was b e c a u s e

how ever,

th at i t

could

e x c e p t on a t e m p o r a r y

t h e l o n g r,un b y b e i n g a m e a n s o f b r i n g i n g

w ith Je su s C h ris t as

it,

in to a c lo s e r r e la tio n s h ip

th e ir S aviour.

a id e d in deep en in g th e it

The

th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program c o u ld o n ly

t h o s e who p a r t i c i p a t e d i n

felt

He f e l t ,

fo r th a t reason,

b asis.

t h a t one r e a s o n

as p a rt of i t s

th e young p e o p le l i k e d i t .

in

s c h o o l . 1*

who w a s i n c h a r g e o f t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l

p a r t o f th e church* s p ro g ra m , f e l t

n o t be j u s t i f i e d

was ^ p r i m a r i l y

U nless r e c r e a t i o n

sp iritu a l lif e

should n o t c o n tin u e

o f the in d iv id u a l,

to f u n c t i o n .

he

T he e l d e r s w o u l d

a l l o w no a c t i v i t i e s w h ic h were n o t s p o n s o r e d and s u p e r v i s e d by the church,

and th e y o b je c te d to

T his c h u rc h ,

s o c i a l dancing#

t h e r e f o r e , made l i t t l e

young p e o p le o f th e n e ig h b o rh o o d u n l e s s w ith the ch u rch o r B ib le

school.

e f f o r t to re a c h

t h e y were c o n n e c te d

On t h e o t h e r h a n d ,

e n c o u r a g e g r o u p s to u s e t h e church* s o u t d o o r p a t i o ,

th ey d id w hich

87 was p a v e d a n d e q u i p p e d f o r b a s k e t - b a l l , b a l l s w ith w hich to so,

play*

a n d even l e n t them

They en co u rag e d th e gro u p d o in g

to o r g a n iz e and form a g ro u p r e s p o n s i b l e

and to p la c e

i t s e l f under th e su p e rv isio n

They d i d n o t c o n s i d e r t h a t r e c r e a t i o n ” b a i t lf t o d r a w p e o p l e i n t o th at i t

to

th e church,

o f the c h u rch .

sh o u ld be u sed a s a

c h u rc h m em bership, b u t d i d f e e l

sh o u ld be u s e d to deepen th e

sp iritu a l life

o f the

p a rticip a n ts. At th e th ir d above tw o, its

c h u r c h o f t h e sa me d e n o m i n a t i o n a s t h e

the m in is te r f e l t

b e s t m ust be r e l a t e d

o f t h e c h u r c h p r o g r a m . 11

t h a t ”The r e c r e a t i o n

i n o r g a n i c way t o a l l

o th er asp ects

He f e l t t h a t ^ a c h i e v i n g t h i s

f u l l e r f a s h i o n ” was t h e i r p r o b l e m . who was kn own a s

program a t

in

The a s s i s t a n t m i n i s t e r ,

ttM i n i s t e r o f E d u c a t i o n , 11 h a d c h a r g e o f t h e

r e c r e a t i o n a l program o f th e c h u rc h .

He g a v e t h r e e r e a s o n s

f o r hav in g r e c r e a t io n

e n tire

church.

F irst,

as p a r t of the

program o f th e

he w anted th e young p e o p le to f e e l

th a t th e

c h u r c h o f f e r e d a p l a c e w here t h e y c o u l d f i n d wholesom e rec rea tio n

and f e l l o w s h i p .

He d e s i r e d t h e y o u n g p e o p l e t o

know t h a t

th e church o ffe re d a p lace f o r a l l

C h ristia n

liv in g s

and r e c r e a t i o n a l second reasons

sp iritu a l, enjoym ent.

ed u catio n al,

phases of

serv ice fo r o th ers,

C lo sely r e l a te d

to

t h a t wa s h i s

the ch u rch o f f e r s a b e t t e r p lace f o r r e c r e a tio n

th an com m ercial i n t e r e s t s

p ro v id e.

W ith in th e c h u rc h ,

a tm o s p h e r e i s w holesom e a n d s h o u l d a p p e a l t o t h e f i n e r

the sid e

88 o f man, w h i l e often

th e com m ercial i n t e r e s t s

o u ts id e th e church

t o l e r a t e an e n v ir o n m e n t w hich a p p e a l s t o

s i d e o f man.

H is t h i r d ,

r e a s o n , was t h a t

and a s he term ed i t

the b a se r

the p r a c t i c a l *

s i n c e p l a y was a u n i v e r s a l d e s i r e

p eo p le,

it

c o u ld be u s e d a s an e n t e r i n g wedge.

a ttra c t

th e youth to th e ch u rc h ,

o f young

I t m ight

where t h e y w ould l e a r n

the

C h r i s t i a n w ay o f l i f e . The A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r o f C h r i s t i a n E d u c a t i o n a t t h i s c h u r c h was a l s o g irls. w ere;

in ch arg e o f th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program o f th e

The a im s a n d p u r p o s e s o f g i r l s 1 c l u b s a s to

the g i r l

le a rn o f Je su s and h is

life

s h e saw t h e m

and t e a c h i n g s ,

so t h a t

would e x p e r i e n c e him a s S a v i o u r an d m a n i f e s t t h a t

lo y a lty in h e r d a i l y l i f e

and c o n d u c t;

to d e v e lo p a C h r i s t li k e

c h a r a c te r in co n fo rm ity to th e e t h i c a l te a c h in g o f Je su s C h rist; to

to f o s t e r in th e g i r l th e d e s i r e

lead each g i r l

p u rp o se and p la n ; g irl

to

see in

life

th e church;

and th e u n iv e r s e ,

m ental e f f i c i e n c y ,

e a s e In m aking p r o p e r l y a l l

kinds o f p eo p le,

jo in

God1s

to d e v elo p th e com plete p e r s o n a l i t y o f each

through p h y s ic a l h e a lth ,

th rift,

to

i n d u s t r y and

so c ial co n tacts

w ith a l l

v o c a tio n a l g uidance, h e a r ty p a r t i c i p a ti o n

in w holesom e a v o c a t i o n a l a n d c u l t u r a l p u r s u i t s ,

w o r t h y home

m em bership, p a r t i c i p a t i o n

reg u lar

p rac tic e

o f w orship,

fa c ilitie s

in

church a c t i v i t i e s ,

p r a y e r and B ib le

s o t h e g i r l m ay b e a b l e t o

stu d y ;

and to p ro v id e

liv e her l if e

at its

89 b e st in a l l

the r e l a ti o n s h i p s of l i f e . 1

T h e m i n i s t e r o f a n o t h e r c h u r c h e x p l a i n e d h i s i d e a s on recreatio n

in

t h i s way:

A f t e r a g o o d many y e a r s o f e x p e r i m e n t i n g w i t h r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s i n t h e c h u r c h , we a r e c o m i n g to f e e l t h a t a C h u rc h -c e n te re d program b e s t e x p re s s e s t h e s o r t o f t h i n g w hieh a C hurch s h o u ld be d o in g in the f i e l d of re c re a tio n . I n o t h e r w o r d s , we d o n o t f e e l t h a t our job i s to ru n a p lay g ro u n d type o f r e c r e a t i o n , v a l u a b l e a s t h a t i s , n o r a gym nasium ty p e o f r e c r e a t i o n su ch a s m ig h t be sp o n so red by an a t h l e t i c c l u b . We f e e l t h a t o u r p h a s e o f r e c r e a t i o n 'S h o u ld be i n th e f i e l d o f c h a r a c t e r developm ent. The p r e v e n t i o n o f d e l i n q u e n c y w o u ld be o n l y a m in o r p h a s e , and c h u r c h m em bership s h o u ld a ls o be o f secondary im p o rtan ce. We f e e l t h a t t o be o f th e h ig h e s t v a lu e , r e c r e a t io n should be lin k e d up w ith th e c r e a t i o n o f a p p r e c ia ti o n o f h ig h e r v a l u e s w h ich t h e C h u rch i s su p p o se d to prom ote a n d i n c u l c a t e t h r o u g h i t s many f o r m s o f r e l i g i o u s serv ices. T h e p u r p o s e a s m e n t i o n e d on t h e c h u rc h was,

q u e stio n n a ire f i l l e d

" t o p r o v i d e a w holesom e e n v ir o n m e n t f o r an

im portant area of l i f e . n

The comments a s

w hich th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program had In "Part Is

to th e

o v e rly c o m p e titiv e and n o t i n t e g r a t e d

success

th a t church,

s o c i a l a n d p r o d u c t i v e o f wholesom e f u n .

p r o g r a m . 11

by th a t

in to

were: P art is

t o t a l youth

T h e s e c o m m e n t s w e r e made b y t h e A s s i s t a n t M i n i s t e r ,

S e c u r e d f r o m a m i m e o g r a p h e d s h e e t e n t i t l e d , “ A im s a n d P u r p o s e s o f G i r l s 1 C lu b s , Immanuel P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h , “ w h ic h was w r i t t e n a n d g i v e n t o i n v e s t i g a t o r b y M i s s L e a f a d e l M i l l e r , A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r o f C h r i s t i a n E d u c a t i o n , a t Im m anuel P r e s b y t e r i a n C hurch. p

^ Q uoted from a l e t t e r w r i t t e n to i n v e s t i g a t o r b y D r. W i l l s i e M u rtin , m i n i s t e r o f W ils h ire M e th o d is t C hurch.

90 who h a d d i r e c t c h a r g e o f r e c r e a t i o n . should n o t

th e church b u ild in g .

life .

th a t groups

j u s t use th e ch u rch as a m eetin g p la c e ,

he a p a rt o f the e n ti r e

he d iv id e d

He f e l t

in to

c h u rc h program i f

H i s t h e o r y was t h a t i n

receiv ed in s tru c tio n

th ey in te n d

He m a i n t a i n e d t h a t r e l i g i o n

co m p artm en ts, h u t

in

h u t should to use

co u ld n o t

s h o u l d embody o n e 1s whole

t h e m orning th e young p e o p le

the p r in c ip le s o f C h r is tia n

liv in g ,

a t t h e e v e n in g young p e o p le * s m e e tin g th e y d i s c u s s e d th e p ro b le m s w h ic h were m et i n C h r i s t i a n rec rea tio n in to

liv in g ,

and t h a t

g av e them an o p p o r t u n i t y to p u t t h e s e p r i n c i p l e s

p ra c tic a l use. The m i n i s t e r o f a c h u r c h ,

young p e o p l e d

church f o r tw e n ty -fiv e

in stead of f ill i n g expressed q u ite

w h i c h h a d b e e n known a s a

in th e

years,

q u estio n n aire.

w rote a l e t t e r

In th e l e t t e r he

the b e l i e f th a t th e W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t p re se n te d

a d i f f e r e n t problem from most s e c t i o n s o f t h e c i t y ,

in

t h a t t h e y o u n g p e o p l e w e r e a l r e a d y p r o v i d e d w i t h t o o m any o rg an izatio n s,

and t h a t t h e i r

w ith a c t i v i t i e s . the

so cial

life

s o c i a l l i v e s w ere t o o crow ded

He u r g e d t h a t a n e f f o r t b e m a d e t o s i m p l i f y o f th e young p e o p le , r a t h e r th a n t o a d d to i t .

T h e woman i n c h a r g e o f r e c r e a t i o n a t o n e o f t h e o t h e r large

churches f e l t

t h a t th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program should be

fo r c h arac ter b u ild in g , p lay . there

She f e l t

th at

and n o t j u s t p la y f o r th e

too o f te n

p la y had been

sake o f

ju s t p lay ,

should have been th o u g h t and p la n n in g b ack o f i t

when so

91 th at

it

would l e a d t o

th e developm ent o f f i n e r c h a r a c te r s #

At a n o th e r c h u rc h , e sse n tia l part of i t s p articu lar frien d ly ,

t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m was a n

re g u la r organization#

church encouraged i t s

young p e o p le t o be s o c i a b l e ,

a n d p o p u l a r among p e o p l e o u t s i d e

le n t every in flu e n ce

to see t h a t a l l

w ere m a in ta in e d w i t h in fo r e stab lish in g

W hile t h i s

the church,

the c lo se

the church group.

th ey

frien d sh ip s

T h a t was o n e r e a s o n

th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program .

They a l s o

b e lie v e d in keeping t h e i r

young p e o p le b u sy and h a p p y .

kept

on t h e h i g h e s t p o s s i b l e p l a n e ,

th e ir so cial a ffa irs

t h a t t h e i r young p e o p l e would n o t be t e m p te d t o recreatio n

in

q u estio n ab le p la c e s.

They so

seek t h e i r

T hey h a d so many e d u c a ­

t i o n a l and r e c r e a t i o n a l program s t a k i n g p la c e w i t h in

the

church,

t o go

t h a t t h e a v e r a g e mem ber w o u l d h a v e n o d e s i r e

e lsew h ere. The m i n i s t e r o f a n o t h e r c h u r c h s t a t e d n aire

t h a t ^ g e n e r a l s o c i a l i n t e g r i t y ” was t h e p u r p o s e o f

rec rea tio n

w ith in

th e church.

re -c re a tio n a l f a c ilitie s m ent— and t h a t r e a l

He f u r t h e r

tig a to r,

in te g ratio n

he e x p re ss e d the d e s i r e

o rg an izatio n s.

He f e l t

tim e t o d e v o te t o in

stated :

”We r e g a r d

a s o n ly a p a r t o f th e w hole d e v e lo p ­ of lif e

d e c i s i o n , e v a l u a t i o n , and t r u t h . ”

o th ers

in th e q u e stio n ­

In

lie s

in

ta lk in g to

the realm o f th e in v es­

to have a c h u rc h w ith no

t h a t he w ould l i k e

liv in g a C h ristia n

life

t h e C h r i s t i a n way o f l i v i n g .

to have a l l h is and in f lu e n c in g

He f e l t

th at

92

r e c r e a tio n did n o t r e - c r e a t e , a c tiv ity u n less

t h e p e r s o n a l r e a d y h a d t h e po w er t o make

d e c i s i o n s and e v a l u a t e . did r e - c r e a te ,

b u t t h a t i t was o n l y a n

I t was h i s b e l i e f t h a t

C h ristia n ity

and t h a t r e c r e a t i o n w ould be r e - c r e a t i v e

t o a p e r s o n who a l r e a d y h a d t h a t t y p e o f c h a r a c t e r . G i r l S c o u t Troop w anted to be sp o n so re d by h i s d isapproved i t .

list

When a

chu rch , he

He c o n s i d e r e d t h e B o y S c o u t T r o o p i n h i s

church as a cause o f annoyance. such a f i n e

only

rep u tatio n

of a p p lica n ts.

(T hat p a r t i c u l a r tro o p had

t h a t t h e r e was a lw a y s a lo n g w a i t i n g

I t had e s ta b lis h e d

th at rep u ta tio n

b e c a u s e o f t h e h i g h p e r c e n t a g e o f i t s m e m b e r s who made ra p id p ro g ress in S c o u tin g .)

He h a d f o u n d t h a t t h e S c o u t ­

m a s t e r p u t o u t o f t h e t r o o p b o y s who f a i l e d t o make s a t i s ­ fac to ry progress, h o ld the

and t h a t th e n

th e b o y s were i n c l i n e d

c h u rc h t o blam e f o r t h e i r d i s m i s s a l .

th e sen tim en t th a t

He e x p r e s s e d

su c h o r g a n i z a t i o n s a s t h e Boy S c o u ts

w ere o n l y f o r d e r e l i c t s . th e church,

to

He t h o u g h t t h a t t h e h o m e , a n d n o t

should p ro v id e f o r th e r e c r e a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s

o f th e young p e o p le . T r a in in g and q u a l i f i c a t i o n su p erv iso rs. lead ers

in

L ittle

o f t h e i r l e a d e r s and

w a s known a b o u t t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l

the t h i r t e e n

c h u rc h e s w hich had l i m i t e d p ro g ra m s.

Two o f t h e s e c h u r c h e s i n d i c a t e d p a i d d i r e c t o r s f o r b o t h boys*

th at

t h e y em ployed p a r t - t i m e ,

and g ir ls *

w ork, w i t h one o f

93 them h a v in g a p a r t - t i m e v o l u n t a r y d i r e c t o r o f d r a m a t i c s a s w ell*

T h r e e c h u r c h e s h a d p a r t - t i m e v o l u n t a r y boys*

d irec to rs,

w hile a n o th e r ch u rch had p a r t- tim e v o lu n ta r y

d i r e c t o r s f o r b o t h boys* in d icated

work

and g irls *

w ork.

Seven ch u rch es

t h a t t h e y had no ty p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l d i r e c t o r ,

e ith e r p aid o r v o lu n ta ry . q u e stio n n a ire f o r th e

S i n c e t h e r e w a s n o p l a c e on t h e

q u a lific a tio n

or train in g

of th ese

l e a d e r s , n o t h i n g f u r t h e r wa s a s c e r t a i n e d a b o u t t h o s e i n charge o f th e r e c r e a tio n

of the

th irtee n

ch u rch es t h a t had

lim ite d program s. Two o f t h e

e i g h t c h u r c h e s w i t h more e x t e n s i v e

r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram s had no p a id em ployees a s s i s t i n g t h i s k in d o f w ork. ad eq u ate w orkers.

T h i s d i d n o t mean t h a t In

t h e y h a d no

th e c a se o f C a th e d ra l C hapel, a l l

t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l w o r k w a s c a r r i e d on b y t h e p r i e s t s p arish . hood,

T h e s e men w e r e t r a i n e d

but had le a rn e d

a s s i s t in

thro u g h p r a c t i c a l In

e x p e r i e n c e how t o th e C hurch o f th e

t h e r e w ere no p a i d em ployees e x c e p t t h e

g a rd e n e r and c u s t o d ia n . th e B ishop, d o n ated t h e i r church.

of the

p rim a rily fo r the p r i e s t ­

the r e c r e a t i o n a l a f f a i r s .

L atter-D ay S a in ts

in

A ll th e ir o th e r w orkers, leisu re

tim e to

in clud in g

serv ice fo r th e ir

C h ild r e n w ere t a u g h t from th e t o d d l e r age on,

p a rticip a te

in

the a c t i v i t i e s

o f th e church,

Sunday m orning w o rs h ip s e r v i c e .

to

even in th e

As t h e y g r e w o l d e r t h e y

i n c r e a s e d in know ledge o f r e l i g i o u s ,

p h ilo so p h ical,

and

94 ed u catio n al m a tte rs, w ith in

the church.

and w ere g iv e n i n c r e a s e d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y In

t h a t way,

t r a i n e d to le a d and to s e rv e ,

t h e i r e n t i r e m e m b e r s h i p wa s

a n d t h o s e who s h o w e d o u t s t a n d ­

i n g a b i l i t y were t h e ones c h o sen t o l e a d . In fiv e p r o g r a m wa s i n th e

o f th e rem ain in g churches th e r e c r e a t i o n a l c h a r g e o f an a s s i s t a n t m i n i s t e r ,

w hile in

s i x t h c h u r c h t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y was t u r n e d o v e r t o t h e

R e l i g i o u s E d u c a t i o n a n d G i r l s ’ W ork D i r e c t o r . m i n i s t e r s were ( w i t h t h e e x c e p tio n r e c e n t l y become m i n i s t e r s .

o f one)

These

y o u n g men who h a d

A l l o f t h e s e men w e r e o r d a i n e d

m in iste rs,

who t h r o u g h s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e w e r e

in te re ste d

in

therefore,

were a b l e

the r e c r e a t io n a l

s id e o f c h u rc h w ork, a n d ,

t o assum e th e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r i t s

success. I m m a n u e l P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h h a d tw o f u l l - t i m e em ployees u n d e r th e

su p erv isio n

p aid

of the A s s is ta n t M in is te r.

T h e A s s i s t a n t M i n i s t e r w a s a v e r y y o u n g man who s e e m e d t o b e e x c e e d in g ly p o p u la r w i t h th e young p e o p le , w h o le-h earted ly in to

the

and e n te re d

s p ir it of re c rea tio n .

The B o y s ’

W o rk D i r e c t o r w a s a g r a d u a t e o f Chapman C o l l e g e a n d w a s a t t h a t t i m e t a k i n g two c o u r s e s a t was on t h e u s e o f r a d i o

in

th a t c o lleg e ,

one o f w hich

e d u c a tio n and r e c r e a t i o n .

He

b e l i e v e d t h a t r e c r e a t i o n a l w o r k s h o u l d b e c a r r i e d on o n l y b y y o u n g m e n , a n d h e p l a n n e d on e n t e r i n g w ith in

the n e x t f i v e

or ten y e a rs,

the r e g u la r m in is try

and le a v in g h i s f i e l d

of

95 s e r v i c e f o r a y o u n g e r man. D irecto r a t

Work

th e F i r s t P r e s b y t e r i a n C hurch o f P a sa d e n a f o r

six y ears before h is

He lia d s e r v e d a s Boys*

coming t o Im m an u el.

clu b a c t i v i t i e s

He w a s a s s i s t e d i n

by a p a rt-tim e p aid c o lle g e

stu d en t,

who g a v e a b o u t t h i r t y h o u r s a w e e k t o t h e c h u r c h .

T h is

y o u n g man h a d g r o w n u p i n c h u r c h c l u b g r o u p s i n a d d i t i o n to h i s r e g u l a r u n i v e r s i t y t r a i n i n g . p a r t - t i m e v o l u n t a r y boys* c o 3 .1 e g e s t u d e n t s

w orkers.

T h ere w ere f i f t e e n Among t h e s e w e r e f i v e

who h a d g r o w n u p i n

church clu b a c t i v i t i e s .

T h e o t h e r men w e r e e i t h e r q u i t e y o u n g o r r a t h e r o l d , th e d e s i r a b l e age group had been c a l l e d serv ice. co lleg e

in to a c tiv e m ilita ry

Most o f t h e s e c l u b l e a d e r s w e r e , h o w e v e r , stu d en ts or c o lleg e

The g i r l s ’ w ork a t im m ediate d i r e c t i o n D irecto r,

th is

c h u r c h was u n d e r t h e

o f a f u ll- tim e p aid G i r l s '

Work

E d u catio n ,

in to

s t u d y was n e a r i n g c o m p l e t i o n ,

the p e rso n n el d iv is io n

fa c to rie s.)

a s she

S h e w a s a c o l l e g e g r a d u a t e who h a d s p e c i a l ­

iz e d in v o c a tio n a l guidance as w ell as r e l i g i o u s (W hile t h i s

e ith er

g rad u ates.

or A ssista n t D irecto r C h ristian

was d e s i g n a t e d .

sin ce

ed u catio n .

s h e was t a k e n

o f one o f t h e l a r g e a i r p l a n e

W h i l e s h e w a s a woman o f m i d d l e - a g e ,

sh e seemed

t o h a v e t h e p o i n t - o f - v i e w o f t h e y o u n g , a n d was g r e a t l y i n t e r e s t e d in t h e i r l i v e s and a c t i v i t i e s . le a d e r in at

charge of each g irls*

clu b ,

l e a s t p a r t o f each g ro u p 's m eetin g .

W hile sh e h a d a

s h e wa s p r e s e n t f o r She f e l t

th at

she

96 needed th a t c o n ta c t w ith th e g i r l s b e t t e r and be th u s b e t t e r a b le

to

s o s h e w o u l d know t h e m g u i d e a n d c o u n s e l th em *

She h a d d e v e lo p e d q u i t e a system to g u id e the g i r l s ,

enable h e r b e t t e r to

and to o rg an iz e th e c lu b s

th e ir needs.

When a g i r l

record sh eet,

show ing t h e m ain f a c t s c o n c e r n i n g h e r f a m i l y ,

sch ool, tim e

clu b a f f i l i a t i o n s ,

en tered a c lu b ,

to b e s t f i t

and i n t e r e s t s .

t h e D i r e c t o r m ad e a v i s i t

t h e home b a c k g r o u n d a n d t h e g i r l s a ttitu d e

W ith in a s h o r t

in an o th er a ttitu d e

tow ard sc h o o l,

w ith in

g iv in g

t h e home,

a s o b se rv e d by

T h is m ethod h e lp e d h e r t o g e t b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d

w ith the g i r l s

in a s h o r t e r tim e, and by p o o lin g th e

i n t e r e s t s and needs o f a l l a c lu b ,

sh eet,

at

leisu re -tim e a c tiv itie s ,

s o c i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s and g e n e r a l a t t i t u d e s th e p a re n ts .

in a

t o t h e home o f t h e g i r l ,

w hich tim e she h a d th e p a r e n t f i l l

her h e alth ,

she f i l l e d

the i n d iv i d u a l g i r l s

to p la n a program to s u i t

t h a t composed

th e needs and i n t e r e s t s

of

th e group. A t th e tim e o f th e p e rs o n a l in te r v ie w w ith th e l e a d e r s a t S t.

Jam es E p is c o p a l C hurch,

had l e f t ,

a n d t h e new a s s i s t a n t

th e form er a s s i s t a n t m in is te r th o u g h c h o sen , had n o t begun

to s e rv e .

The i n t e r v i e w ,

was t h e r e f o r e ,

m in iste r.

As m e n t i o n e d p r e v i o u s l y ,

tow ard r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s p a rticip a tio n g ath erin g s.

o n ly w ith the

h e was n o t s y m p a t h e t i c

and d i s a p p r o v e d o f y o u t h 1s

in any o f the r e l i g io u s p a r t of t h e i r He t o o k c o m p l e t e c h a r g e o f t h e r e l i g i o u s p a r t

97 o f t h e S unday e v e n in g young people* s m e e ti n g , th at h is

seven y e a rs o f c o lle g e

train in g

s i n c e he f e l t

lead in g

m i n i s t r y h a d p r e p a r e d him t o do i t b e t t e r t h a n young p e o p le .

The a s s i s t a n t

tow ard th e

could th e

t h a t had been chosen had

g r a d u a t e d from O c c i d e n ta l C o lle g e w ith h ig h h o n o r s , as h av in g g ra d u a te d P a c ific.

from t h e Church D i v i n i t y S c h o o l o f th e

He h a d b e e n a m e m b e r o f t h a t c h u r c h f o r

th r e e y e a rs in h i s boyhood, re c re a tio n a l a c tiv itie s

two o r

a n d would h a v e c h a r g e o f a l l

upon h i s r e t u r n .

D uring th e p ro g re s s o f t h i s

stu d y,

W ilsh ire C h ris tia n

C hurch had changed D i r e c t o r s o f Y outh t h r e e first

as w ell

tim es.

The

two w e r e y o u n g men who h a d g r a d u a t e d f r o m Chapman

C o lle g e , hav in g s p e c ia liz e d in r e l i g i o u s a c tiv itie s

f o r young p e o p le .

E a c h o f t h e s e was a p a r t - t i m e

p a i d d i r e c t o r , who d e v o t e d t h e r e s t in g h is stu d y in

ed u catio n and'

of h is

tim e t o c o n t i n u ­

p re p a ra tio n fo r th e m in istry .

was a p a r t - t i m e p a i d d i r e c t o r ,

The t h i r d

who s p e n t t h e r e s t o f h e r

tim e w orking f o r h e r D o cto r o f P h ilo so p h y d e g re e a t U n iv e rs ity o f S outhern C a lif o r n ia .

the

She h a d h a d a g r e a t

d e a l o f e x p e rie n c e along r e c r e a t i o n a l l i n e s ,

hav in g d ir e c te d

a s m an y a s

These d i r e c t o r s

s ix and seven h u n d red a t a tim e .

o f y o u th were u n d e r th e d i r e c t m in ister, activ e

of the a s s i s t a n t

who, w h i l e n o t a y o u n g m a n , h a d m a i n t a i n e d a n

i n t e r e s t in

a c tiv itie s

su p erv isio n

th e C h r is tia n Endeavor and o th e r

o f th e young p e o p le .

98 A t t h e W ils h ir e C r e s t .P r e s b y te r ia n Church,

the

R e l i g i o u s E d u c a t i o n a n d G i r l s ’ Work D i r e c t o r h a d t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program . up in

th at

She h a d grown

c h u r c h so was w e l l a c q u a i n t e d w i t h i t s

t h e i r problem s. sp e cia liz in g

S h e h a d g r a d u a t e d f r o m Chapman C o l l e g e ,

in r e l i g i o u s

S he was a f u l l - t i m e ,

e d u c a tio n and r e c r e a t i o n a l w ork.

p a id w orker a t t h i s

church.

o r g a n i z e d a c o u n c i l composed o f a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the g ro u p s.

T h i s c o u n c i l wa s t o

t i o n a l program ,

so a s t o p l a n a n d u n i f y i t

g r e a te r e x te n t in th e fu tu r e . m eetin g s to t h e home. co u n try ,

train

study

She had from each

the e n t i r e

recrea­

to an even

She was p l a n n i n g g r o u p

th e people in

She f e l t

the use o f l e i s u r e

tim e in

t h a t d u r in g th e em ergency f a c i n g th e

p e o p l e w e r e s t a y i n g home m o r e ,

needed h e lp in

p e o p le and

le a r n in g to have i t s

a n d t h a t t h e home

members p l a y t o g e t h e r

h a p p ily and harm oniously.

She was a s s i s t e d b y a p a r t - t i m e

p a i d boys*

He was a u n i v e r s i t y s t u d e n t who

work d i r e c t o r .

was p r e p a r i n g f o r t h e m i n i s t r y , in te re ste d

in work f o r b o y s .

b u t was p a r t i c u l a r l y

He s e r i o u s l y o b j e c t e d

to the

m anner i n w h ic h boys were a d m i t t e d i n t o m em b ersh ip i n boys1 c lu b s. worked o u t ,

He f e l t

the

t h a t a m o r e d e m o c r a t i c w ay s h o u l d b e

so t h a t a n y b o y w i s h in g

to

jo in

a c h u rc h clu b

c o u ld do s o . The A s s i s t a n t M i n i s t e r a t W i l s h i r e M e t h o d i s t C h u rc h had charge of a l l

youth r e c r e a t i o n

from th e h ig h sc h o o l age

99 up.

He w a s a n o r d a i n e d m i n i s t e r w h o ,

tr a in e d alo n g r e c r e a t i o n a l l i n e s , ex p erien ce in r e c r e a tio n D i r e c t o r was i n tim e,

In

had had a g r e a t d e a l of

among l a r g e g r o u p s . . A B o y s 1 Work

charge o f a l l b o y s1 c lu b s .

p aid w orker,

t h i s w ork.

though n o t s p e c i a l l y

He was a p a r t -

d e v o tin g h i s a f te r n o o n s and ev en in g s

to

t h e m o r n in g s h e was a t t e n d i n g a u n i v e r s i t y .

The w i f e o f t h e a s s i s t a n t m i n i s t e r c lu b s a lth o u g h each clu b had i t s had to meet th e

su p erv ised

own l e a d e r .

the g irls * These le a d e r s

s t a n d a r d s s e t f o r l e a d e r s b y The G i r l S c o u t

and G i r l R eserve o r g a n i z a t i o n s . A t W i l s h i r e P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h , r e c r e a t i o n was i n charge o f the A s s is ta n t M in is te r. o f c o lle g e in p re p a r a tio n

He h a d h a d s e v e n y e a r s

fo r th e m in istry ,

b u t no s p e c i a l

tr a i n in g alo n g r e c r e a t io n a l

lin e s.

He h a d t o r e l y o n

v o lu n ta ry p a rt-tim e h elp e rs

t o c a r r y on t h e w o r k o f t h e

c lu b s. ATTITUDE OP THE PARTICIPANTS TOWARD THESE PROGRAMS The a t t i t u d e

o f the p a r t i c i p a n t s

tow ard th e r e c r e a ­

t i o n a l p r o g r a m s was a s c e r t a i n e d b y m e a n s o f t h e n a ire s

t h a t were u s e d ,

w ro te t h e i r names a t of th ese

q u e stio n ­

a n d t h r o u g h c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h a f e w who

th e b ottom t h e r e o f .

One h u n d r e d e i g h t y

q u e s t i o n n a i r e s were s e c u r e d from th e i n v e s t i g a t o r * s

c la s s e s in

the

j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l w here sh e t a u g h t .

Two-

100 fifth s

o f these

e ig h th grade,

s t u d e n t s w ere s e v e n th g r a d e ,

o n e - f i f t h w ere

and t w o - f i f t h s w ere n i n t h g ra d e p u p i l s .

T w e n t y - s e v e n w e re s e c u r e d f r o m two o f t h e c h u r c h e s m ore e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l

program s.

tw o h u n d r e d s e v e n q u e s t i o n n a i r e s

th a t had

T h i s made a t o t a l

of

to be s tu d ie d .

These q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere s e p a r a t e d in t h e f o l lo w in g m anners 97 s h o w e d m e m b e r s h i p i n o n e o r m o r e g r o u p s s p o n s o r e d by the churches in th e W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t ; 41 showed no m e m b e r s h ip i n o n e o f t h e s e g r o u p s ; 14 i n d i c a t e d m e m b e r s h ip i n S c i e n t i s t c h u r c h e s w h ich h ad no r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ram ; 27 f a i l e d

to

in d ic ate

th e church a f f i l i a t i o n ;

28 i n d i c a t e d a f f i l i a t i o n W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t . Of th e n i n e t y - s e v e n

w ith churches o u ts id e

t h a t b e l o n g e d t o one o r m ore g r o u p s

sp o n so red b y th e c h u rc h es in c lu d e d in

th is

stu d y ,

o n e c h e c k e d **You e n j o y t h e t y p e o f r e c r e a t i o n

eig h ty -

o f f e r e d 11 a n d

e i g h t y - t w o c h e c k e d "Y ou l i k e b e i n g w i t h t h e g r o u p w h i c h b e lo n g s ,u as th e ir reaso n s f o r b elo n g in g .

O nly e i g h t e e n

b e lo n g e d b e c a u s e t h e i r p a r e n t s w an ted them t o , failed

to g iv e any rea so n f o r b e lo n g in g .

t h a t was w r i t t e n

in ,

nam ely?

w hile e ig h t

A nother reaso n

^ o f f e r s an o u t l e t o f t a l e n t

and g iv e s a s p i r i t u a l u p l i f t . w

T h i s was t h e c o m m e n t o f a

b o y who b e l o n g e d t o b o t h a Y c l u b a n d a C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r group.

A g irl

s c o u t g a v e **e d u c a t i o n a l 1* a s a r e a s o n f o r

101 b elo n g in g .

One o f t h e g i r l s

S o c i e t y comm ented: I

b elo n g in g to th e G ir ls F r ie n d ly

" I t ’ s a good c l u b w i t h a w o r th y c a u s e .

am a C a t h o l i c b u t I a t t e n d

c h u rch ."

t h e s e m e e t i n g s a n d g o t o my

As r e a s o n s f o r b e l o n g i n g

Endeavor type o f o r g a n iz a tio n ,

to th e C h r is tia n

t h e s e r e a s o n s were g iv e n :

"To g e t o u t o f home w o r k , " " e d u c a t i o n a l , " work d o n e and s e r v i c e s , "

stated :

As a r e a s o n

in

a n d " b e c a u s e I am c o n v i n c e d t h a t

t h e C h r i s t i a n way o f l i f e liv in g ."

"in te reste d

is

t h e o n l y way o f l i f e

w orth

f o r b e lo n g in g t o a d a n c in g c lu b she

" I h a v e a c h a n c e t o m e e t some p e o p l e . " I n t h e boys*

clu b s

t h e ty p e o f p ro g ram seem ed t o be

a s t r o n g e r r e a s o n f o r b e l o n g i n g t h a n was t h e f e l l o w s h i p w ith th e group,

th irty -n in e

g iv in g

th e form er as a rea so n

f o r m em bership, w h ile o n ly t w e n t y - f i v e gave t h e l a t t e r reason.

The r e a s o n s g i v e n f o r b e l o n g i n g t o t h e G i r l S c o u t s

wa s i n a b o u t t h e S o ciety ,

same p r o p o r t i o n , b u t i n

the G i r l s F rie n d ly

f e l l o w s h i p wa s a m o r e u s u a l r e a s o n

I n t h e m ixed g ro u p s f o r b o y s and g i r l s

f o r m em bership.

t h e r e a s o n s were

a b o u t e q u a l ly d iv id e d betw een th e ty p e o f program and fello w sh ip . In answ er to th e q u e s tio n ,

" W ha t d o y o u e n j o y m o s t i)

about b elo n g in g to t h i s

g r o u p ? ” , " f e l l o w s h i p " was t h e

an sw er g iv e n most f r e q u e n t l y . or an o th er,

F i f t y m entioned i t

o n e way

th o s e in C h r is tia n Endeavor type o f gro u p s

q u alify in g i t

by s a y in g th e y e n jo y ed b e in g w ith p eo p le o f

102 s im ila r id eals*

The m e m b e r s o f t h e

boys and g i r l s , freq u en tly

tro o p s, both

m e n t i o n e d e n j o y i n g l e a r n i n g new t h i n g s m o r e

than f e l l o w s h ip .

of recreatio n ,

sco u tin g

sp o rts,

as fre q u e n tly as

The boys o f th e Y C lubs spoke

” g o i n g o u t a n d d o i n g t h i n g s , 11 a l m o s t

th ey d id th e fe llo w s h ip .

The o t h e r t h i n g s

m o s t ’ e n jo y e d w ere m e n tio n e d to o i n f r e q u e n t l y t o be c l a s s i ­ fied ,

except lik in g

p eo p le.

One s a i d :

the

lead er,

“I lik e

w h i c h wa s m e n t i o n e d b y s i x

t h e C hurch o f Y outh b e c a u s e I

c a n d i s c u s s w i t h o t h e r p e o p l e my own a g e t h e p r o b l e m s w h i c h have been t r o u b l i n g m e," Endeavor sa id :

A nother in

^ F e l l o w s h i p w i t h o t h e r s who h a v e t h e

i d e a l s and a r e s t r i v i n g tow ard C h ristian

speaking o f C h r is tia n same

the f u l f il l m e n t o f a

life .”

I t w ould seem a p p a r e n t t h a t t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h o s e who d i d b e l o n g t o sa tisfie d ,

t h e g ro u p s sp o n s o re d by t h e c h u rc h w ere

f o r s e v e n t y - f i v e o f them h a d n o s u g g e s t i o n s f o r

im proving th e group o r i t s i n llp e r f e e t a s i t

program .

Many o f t h e s e w r o t e

i s , ” o r some s u c h c o m m e n t .

Ten o f t h o s e

b e lo n g in g to th e C h r i s t i a n Endeavor g ro u p s and th e d an cin g c lu b s

t h o u g h t m ore members w ould be an im p r o v e m e n t.

su ggested th a t b e t t e r o rd e r, nonsense,

atten d in g

to b u s in e s s ,

was a w a y t o i m p r o v e t h e b o y s ’ c l u b s .

o t h e r s u g g e s tio n s w ere to o s c a t t e r e d b e in g m entioned by th r e e

S ix . or less

A ll the

to have any s i g n i f i c a n c e ,

or le s s p eo p le.

The r e a s o n m o s t f r e q u e n t l y g i v e n f o r n o t b e l o n g i n g

103 by the fo rty -o n e

who a t t e n d e d n o c h u r c h - s p o n s o r e d c l u b ,

wa s

" h a v e n ’ t t i m e , " w h ich was g iv e n by e i g h t e e n

p eo p le,

far

O nly f o u r gave

t o go" was t h e r e a s o n g i v e n b y e l e v e n .

"have n o t been

in v ite d ” as th e ir reason;

a t o t a l o f seven

had n o t jo in e d because th ey e ith e r d id n o t lik e th e group,

o r th e ty p e o f program .

any reason f o r n o t b e lo n g in g .

"Too

the le a d e r ,

T hree f a i l e d

to s t a t e

P our g i r l s belon ged to G i r l

S co u t T roops e ls e w h e re , and gave t h a t a s t h e i r re a s o n n o t b elo n g in g a t

th a t church,

as a reason by fo u r.

for

" N o t o l d e n o u g h ” wa s g i v e n

(The T em ple t o w h ic h t h e s e r e f e r r e d

had a d a n cin g c lu b f o r c h ild r e n beyond th e se v e n th grad e and t h e s e were s e v e n t h g r a d e r s . ) " D o n ’ t know a n y o f t h e g i r l s "If etc .

in

O ther re a s o n s ,

such as

the g ro u p ,” "don’ t c a r e ,"

t h e T em ple s p o n s o r e d o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s

such a s

p icn ics,

w ould g e t a l o t o f e n t h u s i a s m , " were' g i v e n by

in d iv id u a ls. F o u rteen o f those f i l l i n g members o f t h e C h u r c h o f C h r i s t , no r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s S c ie n tis t c h ild ren rec rea tio n is

w rote in ;

going,

S cien tist,

although I

T w enty-seven f a i l e d

w hich sp o n so re d

One o f t h e s e

" T h e o n l^r r e a s o n

t o g e t p e o p le to go to

c h u rc h o u g h t to have them .

q u e s t i o n n a i r e s were

o f any k in d .

s h o u ld go f o r t h e r e l i g i o n . "

m ore i n

in

th e y have

the church.

They

A n o t h e r comm ented;

"Our

I t h i n k i t w ould i n t e r e s t u s go r e g u l a r l y t o S u n d a y s c h o o l . " to

in d icate

th eir

church

104 a ffilia tio n , in

b u t d id n o t a tte n d any r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t y

c o n n ec tio n w ith any ch u rch .

H ere a g a i n ,

the rea so n

m o s t f r e q u e n t l y g i v e n was nh a v e n * t t i m e , ” w h i c h w a s g i v e n by elev en . lfl i k e

the

reason.

T hree found i t

lfToo f a r t o g o , ” t h r e e d i d n o t

type o f p ro g ra m ,” w h ile f o u r f a i l e d

to g iv e any

The o t h e r r e a s o n s w ere c h e c k e d b y o n l y one o r tw o.

The r e a s o n s w r i t t e n

in

in te re st

o n l y one s a y i n g ,

in church,

c o u l d b e summed u p i n

f!I w o u l d l i k e

The t w e n t y - e i g h t q u e s t i o n n a i r e s c h i l d r e n whose a f f i l i a t i o n s W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t , Seven o f th e s e groups,

lack of to

th o u g h .”

t h a t were f i l l e d

in by

were w ith c h u rc h e s o u t s i d e th e

were a n a ly z e d f o r c o m p a r a tiv e p u r p o s e s .

showed m e m b e r s h ip i n one o r m ore c h u r c h

t h r e e w ere members o f t h e C h r i s t i a n S c i e n t i s t

C hurch, and e ig h te e n a tte n d e d no c h u rc h r e c r e a t i o n a l g ro u p s. The r e a s o n g i v e n b y t h e s e c h i l d r e n

f o r n o t b e lo n g i n g were

in th e

same p r o p o r t i o n a s t h o s e a f f i l i a t e d

w ith in

the W ils h ire d i s t r i c t . Even i f

who f a i l e d

it

is

assum ed t h a t a l l

to d e sig n a te

w ith churches

tw en ty -sev en o f those

church a f f i l i a t i o n

were c o n n e c te d

w ith th e churches w ith in th e W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t

(p ra c tic a lly

a l l had to

liv e w ith in

p articu lar

ju n io r h ig h sc h o o l), f i f t y - f o u r per c e n t of th e

c h ild ren

were a t t e n d i n g

t h a t a re a in o r d e r to a t t e n d

th at

some c h u r c h - s p o n s o r e d g r o u p ,

e i g h t p e r c e n t were n o t a t t e n d i n g any su c h g ro u p , p e r c e n t w ere a t t e n d i n g a S c i e n t i s t c h u rc h .

th irty -

and e ig h t

Of t h o s e

a tte n d in g churches o u ts id e fiv e

th e W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t ,

per cent atten d e d church-sponsored groups,

p e r c e n t a t t e n d e d no su c h g r o u p , atten d ed S c ie n tis t churches. th at

six ty -fo u r

and e le v e n p e r c e n t

T h is w ould seem t o i n d i c a t e

the churches o f th e W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t

n e e d s o f t h o s e who p a r t i c i p a t e d i n program s.

tw en ty -

sa tisfie d

th e ir rec rea tio n a l

th e

CHAPTER V I SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS T his n a tu re ,

study is

scope,

c o n c lu d e d b y (1)

sum m arizing th e

and f in d in g s o f th e stu d y ;

c o n c l u s i o n s a s t o how t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h e fu lfille d ;

(2)

form ing

stu d y have been

and (3) m aking re c o m m e n d a tio n s, SUMMARY

It

seemed a d v i s a b l e

th e fo llo w in g re a s o n s : av ailab le (2)

t o make s u c h a s t u d y a s t h i s

(1)

th e amount o f l e i s u r e

for

tim e

to th e average person had in c re a s e d r a p id ly ;

th e m anner in w hich t h a t

leisu re

t i m e was u s e d was a

p o w e rfu l f a c t o r in d e te r m in in g w h e th er s o c i e t y sh o u ld be c o r r u p t o r w e l l- b a la n c e d and c u l t u r a l ; h a d alw ays

th e churches

sto o d f o r c h a r a c t e r b u i l d i n g and th e im provem ent

of so ciety ; ascertain

(3)

and t h e r e f o r e ,

(-4) i t

seemed d e s i r a b l e

to

i n w h a t way t h e c h u r c h e s w e re m e e t i n g t h i s

ch allen g e o f le is u r e . The c h u r c h wa s c o n s i d e r e d a s a s o c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n , w hich a lth o u g h m a in ta in e d p r i m a r i l y f o r r e l i g i o u s w o rs h ip , in clu d ed re c r e a tio n

a s one o f i t s

giv en a broad i n t e r p r e t a t i o n ,

fu n ctio n s.

R e c r e a t i o n was

so a s t o i n c l u d e a l l

w h ic h were e n g a g e d i n f o r p l e a s u r e ,

a c tiv itie s

and w hich te n d e d to

107 relax

one from th e

S ince i t of a ll

stren u o u s a c t i v i t i e s

was i m p o s s i b l e

o f the c h u rc h es,

w h i c h was d e s i g n a t e d a s

to th e

s tu d y th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s s t u d y was l i m i t e d t o an a r e a

the W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t .

A review o f th e l i t e r a t u r e a ttitu d e

of every day liv in g .

w hich r e f l e c t e d

the

o f t h e c h u r c h to w a rd r e c r e a t i o n was m ade.

th e church a ro se during

S ince

t h e p e r i o d o f t h e Roman E m p i r e

when t h e p e o p l e a b u s e d t h e i r l e i s u r e b y g o i n g t o g r e a t a c c e s s e s in c o r r u p t and l i c e n t i o u s C h ristia n

liv in g ,

ch u rch opposed any typ e o f p la y .

rem ain ed r a t h e r c o n s ta n t

the e a r l y T his a t t i t u d e

except fo r a p erio d d u rin g th e

f o u r t e e n t h c e n t u r y when p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n a n d r e c r e a t i o n w ere p e r m i tt e d in

some o f t h e u n i v e r s i t i e s

had e s ta b lis h e d .

A gain t h e c h u rc h r e v e r t e d

a ttitu d e tain ed

its It

th at

o f opposing p la y in any o f i t s

w hich t h e c h u rc h to i t s

form s,

first

and m ain­

o p p o sitio n u n t i l the l a s t g e n e ra tio n . seem ed e v i d e n t fro m a l l

th e l i t e r a t u r e

t h e c h u r c h was co m in g t o r e a l i z e

review ed,

th e need o f p ro v id in g

w holesom e r e c r e a t i o n n o t o n l y t o c o u n t e r a c t t h e e v i l s m isused l e i s u r e , b u t because r e c r e a t i o n in c h a ra c te r b u ild in g .

A number o f

show ing t h e u s e o f m o t i o n - p i c t u r e s ,

power

s t u d i e s h a d b e e n made dram a,

gym nasium s i n c e r t a i n

churches.

made w h ic h showed t h e

so cial a ttitu d e s

churches.

had d e f i n i t e

of

lib ra rie s,

or

T here w ere o t h e r s t u d i e s o f a few s e l e c t e d

T here h a d , how ever, been no s t u d y su ch a s t h i s .

108 Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s were s e n t t o t h e f o r t y - t w o w ith in

the d e fin e d a re a .

com plete r e t u r n ,

churches

A fte r rep eated attem p ts

to g e t a

t h e s t u d y was f i n a l l y l i m i t e d t o t w e n t y - o n e

c h u r c h e s whose r e p l i e s

in d icated

t h a t t h e y were a t t e m p t i n g

t o c a r r y o n some t y p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m .

T h irteen of

th e s e had such l i m i te d program s t h a t o n ly th e q u e s t io n n a i r e s w ere u s e d i n

stu d y in g

e ig h t churches,

t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l program s.

The

t h a t had more e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l p ro g ra m s ,

w ere s t u d i e d more i n d e t a i l b y t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r h a v i n g one o r more p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w s w i t h t h e i r l e a d e r s .

A second-type

q u e s t i o n n a i r e was u s e d among t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s

in o rd e r to

ascertain

th e ir a ttitu d e

tow ard the

church-sponsored

rec rea tio n . Church- sp o n so red r e c r e a t i o n o f th e churches in clu d ed in o rg an izatio n of i t s

th is

for a d u lts.

A ll but four

s t u d y h a d some t y p e o f

f o r women w h i c h i n c l u d e d s o c i a b i l i t y a s p a r t

program .

P r o b a b ly even th e se , f o u r c h u rc h e s had

sim ilar o rg a n iz atio n s, th e ir q u e stio n n aires,

b u t m erely f a i l e d since re c re a tio n

t o c h e c k t h e m on

was n o t c o n s i d e r e d

as th e prim ary purpose o f th e o r g a n iz a tio n . f o r t y - o n e o r g a n i z a t i o n s among t h e d i d r e p o r t s u c h g r o u p s f o r women.

T h e r e were

seventeen churches th a t W hile m ost o f t h e s e

o r g a n i z a t i o n s were p r i m a r i l y f o r m i s s i o n a r y work o r f o r a d v a n c in g th e w ork o f t h e p a r t i c u l a r c h u rc h ,

th ey a l l had

109 some t y p e o f s o c i a l a f f a i r i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e i r m e e t i n g s . T w o - t h i r d s o f t h e c h u r c h e s s p o n s o r e d a m e n 1s c l u b . F e l l o w s h i p was o n e o f t h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e s o f e a c h o f t h e s e menf s c l u b s . d in n er, sid e,

T he men e i t h e r g a t h e r e d f o r b r e a k f a s t ,

o r f o r a sm oker.

In a d d itio n

t o t h i s more s o c i a l

th e y u s u a l l y had a program w hich in c lu d e d

on s u c h t o p i c s a s c i v i c sp o rts.

affa irs,

p o litic a l m atters,

or

T h e men* s c l u b f r e q u e n t l y c a r r i e d on some t y p e o f

a c t i v i t y t o p r o m o t e some p h a s e o f t h e a id in g

speakers

in

church w ork,

t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f more b o y s 1 c l u b s ,

p r o m in e n t s p e a k e r s f o r t h e young p e o p l e d

such a s

p ro v id in g

groups,

or

s p o n s o r i n g an a l l - c h u r c h p i c n i c . T h e r e w e r e n o t a s m any o r g a n i z a t i o n s

i n w h i c h men

a n d women m e t t o g e t h e r f o r s o c i a l p u r p o s e s . churches re p o rte d any such o r g a n iz a tio n , c h u rc h e s had f o u r te e n

such groups.

O nly e i g h t

but th ese e ig h t

Some o f t h e s e w e r e

S u n d a y e v e n i n g C h r i s t i a n E n d e a v o r g r o u p s t h a t h a d some so cial a ffa irs clu b ,

in

c o n n e c ti o n w i t h them .

an d o n e an o r g a n i z a t i o n

One w a s a d r a m a t i c

f o r b u s i n e s s men a n d women.

F iv e chu rches had groups f o r m a rrie d c o u p le s. groups,

p arties,

dances,

W ith t h e s e

or o th e r types o f s o c ia l g a th e r­

i n g s w ere a v e r y i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e i r p ro g ram . C hurch- sp o n so red r e c r e a t i o n tw elv e o f the

f o r young p e o p l e .

tw en ty -o n e ch u rch es o f f e r e d any ty p e o f

rec rea tio n a l a c tiv ity

f o r young p e o p le o f c o l l e g e a g e .

O nly

110

T h e r e w e r e f o u r o r g a n i z a t i o n s f o r women, who m e t f o r s t u d y and s o c i a b i l i t y .

S ix o f th e

seven c lu b s

f o r y o u n g men w e r e

u n d e r t h e Y o un g M e nf s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n .

The s e v e n t h

w a s t h e nM Men” o f t h e C h u r c h o f t h e L a t t e r - D a y S a i n t s . A ll o f th e s e groups in c lu d e d stu d y and d e v o tio n s in w eekly m e e tin g s , gam es.

b u t t h e i r m a j o r e m p h a s i s was i n a t h l e t i c

They com peted w i t h s i m i l a r team s i n

v o lle y b a l l and b a s k e t - b a ll .

s u c h games a s

T h e r e seemed t o be a g r e a t e r

d e m a n d f o r m i x e d g r o u p s am ong y o u n g p e o p l e , churches re p o rte d o rg a n iz a tio n s

of th is

in clu d ed d isc u ssio n s

E ig h t o f

serv ice,

o f problem s p e r t a i n i n g

w hich

to t h i s age

T h e o t h e r t h r e e g r o u p s m e t on a w e e k - d a y n i g h t f o r

a s i m i l a r ty p e o f program . t h e week f o r a t h l e t i c b a ll,

f o r elev en

type.

t h e s e met Sunday e v e n in g s f o r a r e l i g i o u s

le v e l.

th eir

gam es,

Some o f t h e g r o u p s m e t d u r i n g su ch a s badm inton o r v o l l e y

b u t a l l o f them h a d p a r t i e s ,

din n ers,

or dances a t

l e a s t e v ery s ix weeks. C hurch-3ponsored r e c r e a t i o n tw elve churches two s u c h c l u b s .

for g ir ls

th a t had clu b s fo r g i r l s ,

The

p ro v id ed tw en ty -

Some o f t h e s e w e r e a f f i l i a t e d

n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s a s C am pfire G i r l s , G irl S co u ts,

and b o y s .

w ith such

G irl R eserves,

or

b u t m ost o f them w ere c l u b s d e s i g n e d to m eet

th e needs o f th e p a r t i c u l a r group o f g i r l s T h e s e g r o u p s m et o n ce a week f o r s t u d y ,

th a t b elo n g ed .

h an d craft,

and gam es.

Ill A l l b u t t h r e e o f t h e c h u r c h e s h a d some k i n d o f c l u b f o r boys;

the e ig h te e n

boys1 clu b s.

churches had a t o t a l o f s ix ty - n in e

F o r t y - e i g h t o f t h e s e were a f f i l i a t e d

w ith

t h e Young M e n ! s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n a n d s e v e n t e e n w i t h t h e Boy S c o u t s o f A m e ric a , n o t members o f t h e s e

l e a v i n g o n l y f o u r w h ic h were

two g r e a t n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s .

The Y. C lu b s e m p h a s i z e d a t h l e t i c s a n d s p o r t s m a n s h i p , alth o u g h r e lig io u s m eetin g . tie s

o r r i t u a l o b s e r v a n c e was a p a r t o f e a c h

The S c o u t t r o o p s e m p h a siz e d know ledge and a c t i v i ­

w hich h ad to do w ith th e g r e a t o u t d o o r s .

t h e s e c l u b s m e t o n c e a week t o a s s i s t

A ll of

th e boy in h is w e ll-

rounded developm ent. O r g a n i z a t i o n s i n w h ic h t h e b o y s a n d g i r l s met t o g e t h e r w ere fo u n d in

six te e n of the churches.

o f th e tw e n ty -e ig h t groups in

th is

c la ssific a tio n

S ixteen w ere o f

t h e C h r i s t i a n E ndeavor t y p e , m e e tin g e i t h e r Sunday m o rning or evening.

The o t h e r g r o u p s w ere e i t h e r c h o i r s o r g r o u p s

m eetin g d u rin g rec rea tio n .

t h e week f o r r e l i g i o u s

no r e c r e a t i o n

th e m eetin g .

one o f th e s e g ro u p s h a v in g d in n e r

to g e th e r a f t e r t h e i r p lay period .

v aried

Two g r o u p s h a d

on S u n d a y e v e n i n g , b u t m e t o n c e d u r i n g t h e

week t o p l a y g a m e s,

at

and

Most o f t h e g ro u p s m e e tin g Sunday e v e n in g h ad

som e t y p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a f t e r

p arties

in stru ctio n

A ll of th e

l e a s t once e v e ry s i x weeks.

groups had

These p a r t i e s

from o u t d o o r p a r t i e s a t th e b e a c h o r p a r k ,

to p a r t i e s

112

at

w hich games w ere p l a y e d ,

c h u rc h e s w hich p e r m i t t e d

o r even d a n c e s in

s o c ia l dancing.

Reasons f o r e s ta b lis h in g q u e stio n n a ire used in

so m e o f t h e

th ese

th e study,

program s.

t h e q u e s t i o n was a s k e d ,

"What do y o u c o n s i d e r t h e p u r p o s e o f r e c r e a t i o n c h u r c h ? tt

T h r e e p u r p o s e s were s u g g e s t e d ;

g ro u p s to c h u r c h m em bership; (3)

(2)

(1)

to a t t r a c t and

O nly f i f t e e n

th e churches checked any o f th ese p u rp o se s.

g ain ed ,

in your

to develop c h a r a c te r ;

to p r e v e n t d e l i n q u e n c y in com m unity.

a ttra c tin g

In th e

F ive

of

th o u g h t

g r o u p s t o c h u r c h m e m b e rs h ip was a p u r p o s e t o b e

tw e lv e c o n s id e re d c h a r a c t e r developm ent a p u rp o s e ,

an d t e n aim ed t o p r e v e n t d e l i n q u e n c y ,

thro u g h r e c r e a t i o n .

Through p e rs o n a l in te r v ie w s w ith th e m i n i s t e r s

of th e

c h u r c h e s t h a t h a d more e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s , was p o s s i b l e

to

o b ta in a c l e a r e r view o f t h e p u rp o s e s

ex p ected to acco m p lish th ro u g h m in iste rs rec rea tio n

recreatio n .

e x c e p t o n e , w ere e n t h u s i a s t i c

about m ain tain in g

a s an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e w hole c h u rc h p ro g ra m .

m ak e t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s p a rt of C h ristian th at

th at

s h o u l d b e u s e d a s a " b a i t 11 t o a t t r a c t g r o u p s

t o c h u r c h m em b ersh ip , b u t m ost o f them f e l t

felt

th ey

A ll of the

None o f t h e m i n i s t e r s who w e r e i n t e r v i e w e d f e l t re c re a tio n

it

th at i t

f e e l t h a t w holesom e r e c r e a t i o n

liv in g .

should was a

T he m a j o r i t y o f t h e m i n i s t e r s

th ro u g h th e clu b program ,

t h e c l u b members s h o u l d

become b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h J e s u s a n d h i s

teach in g s,

and

113 th at

th eir

sp iritu a l liv e s

should th e re b y be en rich ed *

T ra in in g and q u a l i f i c a t i o n s o f th e r e c r e a t i o n a l lead ers* in th e

L ittle

th irtee n

w a s known a b o u t t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l

lead ers

c h u rc h e s w hich had l i m i t e d p ro g ra m s ,

t h a t two o f th e m e m p lo y e d p a r t - t i m e b o y s 1 and g ir ls *

work *

paid d i r e c t o r s

churches w ith e x te n s iv e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s, th e p r i e s t ,

D ay S a i n t s C h u r c h )

fo r both

Pour had p a rt-tim e v o lu n ta ry

w o rk e rs, w h ile seven had no r e c r e a t i o n w o rk e rs.

or h is a s s is ta n t,

except

was i n

In th e the m in iste r

or th e bishop ( in

th e L a tte r-

charge o f th e re c re a tio n *

In a l l

b u t o n e c h u r c h h e w a s a y o u n g man w h o , a l t h o u g h t r a i n e d p rim a rily fo r th e m in istry , in te re st,

or ex p erien ce,

tio n a l s id e of th e had a t

had th rough s p e c ia l t r a i n i n g ,

become i n t e r e s t e d

c h u r c h 1s p r o g r a m *

in

th e r e c r e a ­

Pour o f th e s e

churches

l e a s t one p a r t - t i m e p a id r e c r e a t i o n a l d i r e c t o r ,

one o f them h a v i n g T h es e boys*

two f u l l - t i m e a n d o n e p a r t - t i m e w o r k e r s .

and g ir ls *

work d i r e c t o r s w ere m o s t l y c o l l e g e

g r a d u a t e s who h a d s p e c i a l i z e d i n r e c r e a t i o n a l w ork,

w ith

or e lse

relig io u s

were c o l l e g e

e d u c a tio n and

s tu d e n ts proceeding

w ith such tra in in g * A ttitu d e program s *

o f the p a r t i c i p a n t s

The a t t i t u d e

tow ard r e c r e a t i o n a l

o f the p a r t i c i p a n t s

tow ard the

r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m s was a s c e r t a i n e d b y m e a n s o f tw o h u n d red seven q u e s t i o n n a i r e s ,

m ost o f w hich were f i l l e d

in

114 by s tu d e n ts in a

ju n io r high school in th e h e a rt o f th e

W ilsh ire d i s t r ic t *

N in e ty -sev e n o f th e s e boys and g i r l s

w ere m embers o f one o r m ore c l u b s

sponsored by the

c h u rc h es in c lu d e d in t h i s

F ifty -fiv e

a te d w ith th ese

study.

churches b u t d id n o t belo n g to any c h u rc h -

sponsored r e c r e a tio n a l group. h o w e v e r , m embers o f C h r i s t i a n no r e c r e a t i o n

fa c ilitie s.)

w ith churches o u ts id e o th ers fa ile d n in ety -sev en

w ere a f f i l i ­

(F o u rte e n o f th e s e w ere, S cience churches t h a t o ffe re d

T w e n ty -e ig h t w ere a f f i l i a t e d

the a re a of t h i s

to i n d i c a t e

s tu d y , and the

t h e i r church a f f i l i a t i o n .

The

t h a t w ere members o f r e c r e a t i o n a l g r o u p s

sp o n so re d by th e c h u rc h e s o f the W ils h ir e d i s t r i c t th e group and t h e ty p e o f program w hich i t

offered.

s h i p was t h e a n s w e r m o s t f r e q u e n t l y g i v e n t o t h e "What do you e n j o y m o s t a b o u t b e l o n g i n g t o t h i s

e n jo y ed F ello w ­

q u estio n , group?"

The m em bers o f t h e b o y s ’ c l u b s a n d t h e G i r l S c o u t s m e n t i o n e d l e a r n i n g new t h i n g s , as fre q u e n tly as

and "go ing o u t and doing th in g s " alm o st

th ey d id fe llo w s h ip .

S ev en ty -fiv e of th ese

n i n e t y - s e v e n h a d no s u g g e s t i o n s f o r im p ro v in g th e g ro u p o r its

program ,

is."

w ith a l a r g e number w r i t i n g in " p e r f e c t a s i t

T h e r e a s o n s m o s t f r e q u e n t l y g i v e n b y t h o s e who w e r e

n o t members o f c h u r c h - s p o n s o r e d g r o u p s f o r n o t b e l o n g i n g w ere;

"H aven’ t

t i m e , ” o r "Too f a r t o g o . "

115 CONCLUSIONS The p u r p o s e o f t h i s what e x te n t th e c h u rc h es

s t u d y w ast

program s;

(3)

(2)

an d (4)

to

o f th e s e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s. w i l l be made t o s e e I f

the

th ese

and t o

To w h a t e x t e n t h a v e t h e D i s t r i c t developed r e c r e a t i o n a l th at le s s

th e r e c r e a t io n a l needs

in te rp re t

the

s o c ia l v alu e

In c o n c lu s io n ,

an e f f o r t

t h e s e f o u r p u rp o se s w ere a c c o m p lis h e d ,

t o make r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s ,

in

to

to d is c o v e r w h e th er o r n o t th e s e c h u rc h

of th e ir c lien ta g e;

to s t a t e

to d eterm in e

churches have e s ta b lis h e d

program s have s a t i s f a c t o r i l y f i l l e d

safe

to a s c e rta in

o f th e W ils h ir e D i s t r i c t w ere

d e v elo p in g r e c r e a t i o n a l program s; r e a s o n s f o r w hich th e

(1)

suggest fu tu re

stu d ies.

churches o f th e T ^ilshire program s?

It

w o u l d se em

than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f th e churches

th e W ils h ir e a r e a had any k in d o f r e c r e a t i o n a l program .

T h i s s t a t e m e n t i s b a s e d on t h e f a c t

th a t o f th e fo rty -tw o

c h u rc h e s t o w hich q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w ere s e n t , in d ic ate d

tw en ty -o n e

t h a t t h e y h a d some t y p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o g r a m ,

w h i l e s e v e n w e r e kno wn t o h a v e n o s u c h p r o g r a m . in c lu d e d the fiv e C h ristian

th at rep lied

S cience churches

Of th e re m a in in g f o u r t e e n , I f any,

to th a t

e f f e c t and th e

two

t h a t w e r e known t o h a v e n o n e . ) we c a n a s s u m e

th a t very l i t t l e ,

o f a r e c r e a t i o n a l n a t u r e was o f f e r e d .

hundred e ig h ty

(The seven

ju n io r high school p u p ils ,

The one

who f i l l e d

in

116 q u e stio n n aires,

re p o rte d o n ly fo u r c h u rc h e s,e x c e p t th e

tw en ty -on e in c lu d e d in rec rea tio n .

th is

study,

t h a t had any type o f

One o f t h e s e h a d a G i r l S c o u t T r o o p ,

youth fe llo w s h ip , seem t o i n d i c a t e

a n d two h a d d a n c i n g c l u b s .

one a

T h is w ould

t h a t n o t more t h a n t h i r t y c h u r c h e s a t t h e

m ost had any ty p e o f r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t y to

o f f e r to th e

p eo p le o f th e W ils h ire d i s t r i c t . Prom t h e i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e

from t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s

s e n t t o t h e c h u r c h e s and from t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s g iv e n t o t h e p a rticip a n ts,

it

a p p eared e v id e n t t h a t w hatever r e c r e a t i o n

was o f f e r e d b y a n y ,

e x c e p t the e ig h t c h u re h es c l a s s i f i e d

throughout t h i s stu d y as th o se w ith e x te n siv e r e c r e a t io n a l p r o g r a m s , was v e r y l i m i t e d i n n a t u r e .

The e i g h t c h u r c h e s ,

whose p ro g ram s have been d e s c r i b e d , in d e t a i l o ffered very f u ll

program s,

e v ery age group.

It

in t h i s

stu d y ,

w ith a clu b f o r each sex and

w ould be c o n c lu d e d ,

th en ,

th at less

than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f th e churches o f the W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t o f f e r e d even l im i te d r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s o f t h e com m unity.

to th e p eo p le

On t h e o t h e r h a n d , a b o u t o n e - f i f t h o f

them o f f e r e d v e r y f u l l a n d c o m p le te r e c r e a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s , w h ic h w ould s u i t a l l a g e g r o u p s a n d t y p e s o f i n t e r e s t s . W h at w e r e t h e r e a s o n s f o r w h i c h t h e c h u r c h e s h a v e e stab lish ed

th e s e program s?

It

seemed a p p a r e n t t h a t a l l

th e c h u rc h e s t h a t respon ded to th e q u e s tio n n a ir e s c o n s id e re d t h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f t h e i r p r o g r a m s was t o d e v e l o p

117 ch aracter,

and d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y to h e lp p re v e n t

d elin q u en cy .

The c h u r c h e s w i t h more e x t e n s i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l

p rogram s had a lo n g - r a n g e view o f r e c r e a t i o n .

They en d eav ­

o r e d t o h e l p t h e young p e o p le d i s c u s s and f a c e

th e problem s

w hich p r e s e n t e d th e m s e lv e s trie d

to peo p le o f t h e i r a g e s.

to develop th e i n t e r e s t s

and t a l e n t s

o f t h e g r o u p so t h a t t h e y c o u l d l i v e

life

They

o f t h e m embers more f u l l y .

em phasized p h y s i c a l and m e n ta l h e a l t h and d e v e lo p m e n t, w ell as te a c h in g

the g ro u p s th e

T hey aim ed t o d e v e l o p C h r i s t i a n fo llo w in g

the te a c h in g s

They as

joy of s e r v ic e f o r o th e r s . ch aracters,

who t h r o u g h

o f J e s u s , w ould l i v e n o b l e r l i v e s

a n d b e c o m e m o r e w o r t h y m e m b e r s o f home a n d s o c i e t y . Have t h e s e c h u r c h p r o g r a m s s a t i s f a c t o r i l y f i l l e d re c re a tio n a l needs of th e ir c lie n ta g e ? th is to

q u estio n

sa tisfa c to rily ,

it

the

In o r d e r to answ er

would h a v e b e e n n e c e s s a r y

s u r v e y t h e W i l s h i r e d i s t r i c t w i t h some t y p e o f q u e s t i o n ­

n a ire

w h ich would h a v e i n q u i r e d i n t o

in te re sts

th e r e c r e a tio n a l

a n d a s k e d many o t h e r p e r t i n e n t q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n ­

in g t h e m anner in w hich t h e s e i n t e r e s t s w ere b e in g fied .

to o th er

s u r v e y w o u l d n e e d t o b e m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e how

t h e young p e o p le were s p e n d in g t h e i r in v e s tig a to r w ill have fin d in g s of t h i s It

sa tis­

leisu re

tim e.

The

t o b a s e h e r c o n c l u s i o n s on t h e

stu d y .

would seem t h a t m ost o f t h e p e o p l e o f t h i s W i l s h i r e

d i s t r i c t w ere f i n d i n g s u f f i c i e n t r e c r e a t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s

to

118 occupy t h e ir le i s u r e

tim e.

q u e stio n n a ire

t h a t h i s young p e o p le were w e l l

sta te d

pro v id ed w ith r e c r e a tio n t h a t an e f f o r t

One m i n i s t e r who r e p l i e d

e lsew h ere.

to

the

A nother m i n i s t e r f e l t

s h o u l d h e m ad e t o s i m p l i f y t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l

o p p o r t u n i t i e s o f t h e young p e o p le — t h a t t h e y were s u r r o u n d e d w i t h t o o many o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t h a t to o crow ded. m in iste rs

th eir

s o c i a l l i v e s were

The i n v e s t i g a t o r w o u ld a g r e e w i t h t h e s e

fo r a larg e p ro p o rtio n

o f the c h ild re n

tw o

of ju n io r

h i g h s c h o o l a g e , whom s h e h a s t a u g h t i n t h a t a r e a d u r i n g the p a s t ten

years.

The s c h o o l d a y h a s b e e n l e n g t h e n e d a s

th e amount o f l e i s u r e many a c t i v i t i e s p a rticip a te

w eek-ends.

since

school.

schools o f f e r

Many o f t h e p a r e n t s p r o v i d e f o r

o f t h e i r c h i l d r e n and young p e o p le d u r i n g th e

^ H a v e n ' t t i m e ” was t h e r e a s o n m o s t f r e q u e n t l y

g i v e n b y t h e p u p i l s who i n d i c a t e d on t h e i r th at

the

a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n w h i c h p u p i l s m ay

a fte r

the r e c r e a tio n

has in c re a s e d ,

q u e stio n n a ire

th e y b e lo n g e d to no c h u rc h - s p o n s o r e d r e c r e a t i o n a l g ro u p .

From t h e s e v a r i o u s

sources of in fo rm atio n ,

it

w o u l d se e m

t h a t t h e r e c r e a t i o n a l n e e d s o f t h e young p e o p le a t

least,

w ere b e in g ' f i l l e d . What s o c i a l v a l u e s h a v e

th e se r e c r e a t i o n a l program s?

T h e r e was no b a s i s f o r m a k in g a n y c o n c l u s i o n c o n c e r n i n g s o c ia l v alu es of th e

r e c r e a t i o n a l program s in

h av in g lim i te d program s.

In m ost o f t h e

e x te n s iv e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s,

train ed

the

th e churches

churches w ith l e a d e r s w ere i n

c h a r g e t o s e e t h a t t h e p ro g ra m s were c a r r i e d ance w ith accepted

stan d ard s.

on i n a c c o r d ­

T he p e r s o n a l i t y o f t h e

p a r t i c i p a n t s was d e v e l o p e d t h r o u g h l o c a t i n g t h e i r i n t e r e s t s and t a l e n t s and h e l p i n g them d e v e lo p t h e s e . d e r i v e d p l e a s u r e from t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l

That th ey

a c tiv itie s,

was

e v i d e n t fro m t h e f a c t t h a t m ost o f them b e lo n g e d to t h e groups e i t h e r becau se th e y lik e d

th e ty p e o f program o r th e y

enjoyed b e in g w ith th e group t h a t a tte n d e d . them b e lo n g e d

to

th e groups because t h e i r

V ery few o f

p a r e n t s w anted

them to b e l o n g , w h ic h m ea n t t h a t t h e y were c o n t i n u i n g t o a s s o c i a t e w ith th e group because o f th e g enuine p le a s u re it

a f f o r d e d them .

O n ly a few h a d a n y s u g g e s t i o n s a s

t o how

th e g ro u p o r p ro g ram c o u ld be im p ro v e d , b u t seem ed th o ro u g h ly s a t i s f i e d w ith i t s o c ia l v alu e o f th e

as i t

then

ex isted .

to be d e r i v e d from r e c r e a t i o n i s

em otions.

Many o f t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s

A nother

th e tr a in in g

spoke a b o u t i t

t e a c h i n g them t o be good s p o r t s . One o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t is

tea ch in g p eo p le to

liv e

s o c ia l v alu es of re c re a tio n

to g e th e r h arm oniously.

v a l u e was a c h i e v e d i n g r e a t m e a s u r e f o r t h e m ost f r e q u e n t ly by th e p a r t i c i p a n t s , p leasu re, had to

was t h e f e l l o w s h i p .

learn

to p lay to g e th e r,

w orship to g e t h e r , in a l l

In the

th in g m entioned

as g iv in g th e g r e a te s t clu b s,

th e in d iv id u a ls

work t o g e t h e r ,

and to r e s p e c t th e r i g h t s

th ese a c t i v i t i e s .

T h is

serve

to g eth er,

o f one a n o t h e r

Many o f t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s m e n t i o n e d

120

th at to

t h e y were m akin g f r i e n d s

e x is t in

th at

t h e y e a r s t o come.

t h e y hoped w ould c o n t i n u e

Thus,

it

seemed t h a t t h e

s o c i a l v a lu e s g e n e r a l l y e x p e c te d from r e c r e a t i o n , bein g r e a l iz e d

w ere

th ro u g h th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s o f t h e s e

churches. R ecom m endations. churches

It

w ould be a d v i s a b l e f o r t h e

th a t had r e c r e a tio n a l f a c i l i t i e s

p u b licize

i t am ong t h e i r m e m b e r s .

done in m ost o f th e c h u rc h e s , t h a t many o f t h e p u p i l s a t

to b e t t e r

U ndoubtedly t h i s

was

b u t the i n v e s t i g a t o r o b serv ed

s c h o o l w ere n o t a c q u a i n t e d w it h

th e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s o f th e c h u rc h e s w ith w hich th e y w ere a f f i l i a t e d .

Many o f t h e m w r o t e on t h e i r

sta te m e n ts to th e

e f f e c t t h a t t h e i r churches had no

re c re a tio n a l f a c ilitie s

t h a t t h e y knew a b o u t ,

q u estio n n aires

when t h e

i n v e s t i g a t o r k n e w t h a t t h e s e c h u r c h e s d i d h a v e some t y p e of re c re a tio n

w h ic h was i n t e n d e d f o r t h a t a g e g r o u p .

The c h u r c h e s t h a t d i d h a v e v e r y c o m p l e t e r e c r e a t i o n a l program s,

s u c h a s w ould m e e t t h e n e e d s o f a l l a g e s and

in te re sts,

were m o s t l y l o c a t e d a lo n g W i l s h i r e B o u le v a r d

w i t h i n a few m i l e s o f e a c h o t h e r .

A reaso n given f r e q u e n tly

b y t h o s e who b e l o n g e d t o n o c h u r c h - s p o n s o r e d r e c r e a t i o n a l g r o u p s , was 11t o o f a r t o g o . n m ore o f t h e

sm a lle r churches

p r o g r a m s so t h e s e c h i l d r e n

It

w ould seem a d v i s a b l e f o r

to ex ten d t h e i r r e c r e a t i o n a l

co u ld f in d c h u rc h -c e n te re d

121

rec rea tio n

t h a t was n o t t o o f a r away*

F u rth er stu d y *

It

is

su ggested th a t a f u r t h e r study

c o u l d b e made w h i c h w o u l d d e t e r m i n e m o r e a c c u r a t e l y how w e ll th e needs o f the c h ild r e n a re b ein g s a t i s f i e d . up th e

th irty -eig h t

o f the W ilsh ire d i s t r i c t

How a r e t h e s e c h i l d r e n ,

p e r c e n t who a r e a t t e n d i n g n o c h u r c h -

sponsored r e c r e a tio n a l gro u p s,

spending t h e i r l e i s u r e

Yv'hat c a n b e d o n e t o b r i n g t h e m i n t o re c re a tio n a l groups, type o f r e l i g i o u s

who m ak e

c o n ta c t w ith d e s ira b le

and t o g e t them i n

train in g .

tim e?

t o u c h w i t h some

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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New Y o r k : N a t i o n a l 185 p p .

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New Y o r k :

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New Y o r k :

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New Y o r k :

The

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D e la w a re , O hio:

Church R e c re a tio n

Sherm an, D avid, H i s t o r y o f th e R e v is io n o f th e D i s c i p l i n e o f t h e M e t h o d i s t E p i s c o p a l C h u r c h . New Y o r k : N e l s o n , 1 8 7 4 . S i m k o v i t c h , M ary K . , Group L i f e . P r e s s , 1940. 98 p p .

New Y o r k : A s s o c i a t i o n

S l a v s o n , Sam uel R i c h a r d , C r e a t i v e GroupE d u c a t i o n . A s s o c ia tio n P re s s , 1937. 240 p p .

New Y o r k :

W e g e n e r, A l b e r t B . , C h u r c h a n d Community R e c r e a t i o n . New Y o r k s T h e M a c m i l l a n Co m pan y, 1 9 2 4 . 248 p p . Y oung, Howard P . , C h a r a c t e r T h r o u g h R e c r e a t i o n . P h ilad elp h ia A m erican S unday S c h o o l U nion, 1915. 291 p p . B.

PERIODICAL ARTICLES

B o g a r d u s , E m o r y S . , nT e n S t a n d a r d s f o r G r o u p W o r k , 11 S o c io lo g y and S o c i a l R e s e a r c h , N ovem ber-D ecem ber, 1936.

125 C o e , G. A . , " C h i l d r e n w i t h i n t h e C h u r c h , 11 C h r i s t i a n C e n t u r y . 5 6 : 1 5 8 1 - 2 , D e c e m b e r 2 0 , 19 39* D o d d s , H. W ., " P r o b l e m s o f L e i s u r e i n a n I n d u s t r i a l A g e ; S i g n i f i c a n c e o f W o r k , 11 V i t a l S p e e c h e s . 4 : 6 1 9 - 2 1 , A ugust 1, 1938, E a s tm a n , F r e d , "The P r e s e n t S t a t e o f R e l i g i o u s D r a m a ,” The C h r i s t ia n C e n tu ry . 5 8 :2 8 6 -7 , F e b ru a ry 26, 1941. E b e r h a r d t , H. E . , " M e e t i n g M o d e r n C i t y P r o b l e m s , 11 M i s s i o n a r y R eview . 6 1 :2 6 6 -9 , Ju n e , 1939. F o l g e r , M. F . , "Why n o t h a v e a C h u r c h L i b r a r y , ” M i s s i o n a r y R eview , 6 2 :4 1 5 , S e p tem b er, 1939. G r i f f i t h , A . E . , " G u i d e t o t h e U s e o f A d u l t L e i s u r e Time,** R e c r e a t i o n . 3 1 :6 1 7 , J a n u a ry , 1938. H a rk n e s s , G ., nC hurch and t h e S t u d e n t , ” C h r i s t i a n 5 5 :1 1 2 -1 3 , J a n u a ry 26, 1938. H y g e ia . 15:864, Septem ber, to C h a r a c te r .”

1937,

C en tu ry .

" R e c r e a t i o n 1s C o n t r i b u t i o n

L indem an, E. C ., "Y outh a n d L e i s u r e , ” A n n a ls o f t h e A m erican Academy o f P o l i t i c a l a n d S o c i a l S c i e n c e . 1 9 4 : 5 9 - 6 6 , N ovem ber, 1 9 3 7 . M cK inley, J . , "E x p erim e n t in C hurch C o - r e c r e a t i o n , C o l l i n g wood A v e n u e P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h , T o l e d o , O h i o , ” R e c r e a tio n . 33:382-3, O ctober, 1939. M cN utt, P . V ., “R e c r e a t i o n and t h e N a t i o n a l M o r a l e , ” R e c r e a tio n . 3 3 :5 4 3 -6 , Ja n u a ry , 1940. P l a n t , J . S . , “R e c r e a tio n and th e S o c i a l I n t e g r a t i o n o f th e I n d i v i d u a l , ” R e c r e a tio n . 3 1 :3 3 9 -4 2 , Septem ber, 1937. R u s s e l l , R . V . , “Y o u t h P r o b l e m o f t h e C i t y , ” M i s s i o n a r y R eview . 6 1 :2 7 0 -2 , Ju n e , 1938. S c h n i t m a n , L . S . , “L e i s u r e D e m an ds M o re R e c r e a t i o n a l F a c i l i t i e s , ” A r c h ic te c tu r a l R ecord. 81:152, Ju n e,

1937.

S c h u l t z , G. D . , ” F u n i n C h u r c h , " B e t t e r Homes a n d G a r d e n s . 1 6 :4 9 , D ecem ber, 1937. S q u i r e , T om ., " C h u rc h a n d D r a m a ,” T h e a t r e A r t s M o n t h l y . 2 3 :6 5 3 -6 0 , S eptem ber, 1939.

126 W a l d r o n , Webb, "A C b u r c h f o r J i l l P e o p l e , " 4 0 ;2 3 -2 5 , A p r i l , 1942.

H eaders D i g e s t .

W o o d w a r d , H. M. , " R e c r e a t i o n , A P h i l o s o p h y o f J o y f u l L i v i n g , " R e c r e a tio n . 31;587-90, Ja n u ary , 1938. W r e n n , C. G . , a n d D. L. H a r l e y , " T im e on T h e i r H a n d s , " I I R e c r e a t io n . 3 5 .3 6 1 -6 , Septem ber, 1941. C.

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

A c h e s o n , Jo h n M ., "The E v a l u a t i o n o f Boy a n d G i r l C h u rc h C lubs i n R e l a t i o n to th e Program o f R e l i g i o u s E d u c a t i o n ." U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r * s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 2 6 . A p p l e g a t e , J . M . , uAn I n d u c t i v e S t u d y o f S e l e c t e d G r o u p s o f You ng P e o p l e ’ s R e l i g i o u s A c t i v i t i e s i n _ t h e S o u t h w e s t S e c t i o n o f Los A n g e l e s . " U npublished M a s te r’s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o u s E d u c a t i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1932. B a c o n , C h a r l e s M ., " C h r i s t i a n E d u c a t i o n T h ro u g h R e c r e a t i o n in C e rta in S e m i- r u r a l C h u rch es." U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1938. B e l l , L o r n e , "A S t u d y o f t h e C h r i s t i a n C i t i z e n s h i p P r o g r a m in C e r t a i n C h u rc h es in S o u th w e s t Los A n g e l e s ." Unpub­ l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , T he U n iv e r s ity o f S o u th ern C a l i f o r n i a , 1931. B e n t l e y , A. I . , " S o c i a l a n d U t o p i a n T h o u g h t i n t h e W r i t i n g o f J o s e p h S m i t h a n d O t h e r M orm ons." U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e les, 1940. B o t h e l l , E l e a n o r G . , "T he V a lu e o f P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n a Group W o r k P r o g r a m ; A S t u d y o f F i f t y M e m bers o f t h e G i r l R e s e r v e s o f t h e Y o u ng Women’ s C h r i s t i a n A s s o c i a t i o n T h r e e Y e a r s o r M ore A f t e r M e m b e r s h i p . " U npublished M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 4 0 . B r a t t o n , J . W e s l e y , "A S o c i a l a n d R e c r e a t i o n a l P r o g r a m i n R e lig io u s E d u catio n ." U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s is in E d u c a t i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 9 .

127 B r e n e m a n , M a b e l I . , "A S t u d y o f t h e S o c i a l P r o g r a m a n d t h e S o c ia l W elfare S e rv ic e o f th e F i r s t M eth o d ist E p isc o p a l C hurch o f Los A n g e l e s . " U npublished M aster* s t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , L o s A n g e l e s , 193 9* B r o w n , C l a u d e A . , "A S u r v e y o f t h e R e c r e a t i o n a l C u r r i c u l u m o f S e le c te d C h u rch es," U n p u b lish e d M aster* s t h e s i s in S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 193 9 . C a n n o n , C h a r l e s H . , ttA S u r v e y o f L e i s u r e T im e A c t i v i t i e s on t h e J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l L e v e l.* * U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r * s t h e s i s i n E d u c a t i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1936. C r a n e , Alma E . , " P a r t i c i p a t i o n o f Youn g P e o p l e i n t h e C h u r c h of Jesus C h ris t of th e L atte r-D a y S a in ts ," U npublished M a s t e r * s t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1937. D a v i s , J e s s i e M . , "A S t u d y o f t h e H i s t o r i c a l G r o w t h o f t h e S o c i a l Em phasis in C h r i s t i a n i t y . " U npublished M aster*s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1940. D a v i s , R a l p h B . , "A S t u d y o f t h e S o c i a l A t t i t u d e o f t h e C o n g re g a tio n a l C hurches in th e U n ited S t a t e s . " U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r * s t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1916, F a n n i n g , L e a h I . , "A S t u d y o f t h e U s e o f M o t i o n P i c t u r e s i n th e Program s o f C e r ta in P r o t e s t a n t C h u rc h e s." Unpub­ l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s i n R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1938. F i s h , M e r l e E . , "A S t u d y o f t h e C h r i s t i a n Y o u t h F e l l o w s h i p o f th e W i l s h i r e C h r i s t i a n C h u rch o f Los A n g e l e s . " U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r * s t h e s i s in S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 4 2 . H a n l o n , J e n n i e , "A S t u d y o f t h e L e i s u r e T im e A c t i v i t i e s o f a Group o f J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l G i r l s . " U npublished M a s te r* s t h e s i s i n E d u c a t i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1937. H i n k e t , Raymond H . , " B a s i c S o c i a l P r o n o u n c e m e n t s o f R e p r e ­ s e n t a t i v e P r o t e s t a n t C hurches in th e U n ited S t a t e s , 1 9 2 5 -1 9 35 ." U np ublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s in S o c io lo g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 5 .

128 K eene, G e rtru d e P en teco stal U npublished o f S outhern

B ., " D i s t i n c t i v e S o c ia l V alues o f th e C hurches? A S o c i o l o g i c a l F i e l d S t u d y , " M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s in S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 9 ,

K em pin, A l b e r t J , , " L e a d e r s h i p E d u c a t i o n i n t h e C h u rc h o f God i n S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a . (An H i s t o r i c a l a n d O b serv atio n al P r o je c t) ." U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s i n t h e S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 4 0 . M a r s h a l l , T. R . , "The R e c r e a t i o n a l P ro b le m s o f 735 J u n i o r and S e n i o r H igh S c h o o l P u p i l s in T o r r a n c e , C a l i f o r n i a . " U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 194 2 . M e r e n b a c k , E u l a S . , " T h e V a l u e a n d U s e o f R e l i g i o u s Drama i n C e r t a i n S e l e c t e d C h u r c h e s i n L os A n g e l e s . " U npublish­ ed M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1935. M e r k l e y , J . L . , "A S u r v e y o f L e i s u r e T im e A c t i v i t i e s o f J u n i o r H igh S c h o o l B o y s ." U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s i n E d u c a t i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 33 . M o r r i s o n , D a i s y , "A S u r v e y o f L e i s u r e T im e A c t i v i t i e s o f E lem en tary P u p ils ." U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s in E d u c a t i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 3 . N e u m e y e r , E s t h e r S . , "A S t u d y o f A t t i t u d e s a n d S o c i a l V a l u e s o f The W i l s h i r e M e t h o d i s t E p i s c o p a l C h u r c h , The B ’N a i B ’ R i t h C o n g r e g a t i o n , a n d The F i r s t U n i t a r i a n C h u rc h o f Los A n g e l e s . " U npublished M a ste r’ s t h e s i s in S o c io lo g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1932. P e n d e l l , Thomas R * , "A S t u d y o f t h e M e t h o d i s t Y o u t h M o v e m e n t . " U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , T he U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 8 . R e e d , O s c a r F . , " T h e S t u d y o f You ng A d u l t s i n t h e T e a c h i n g L ea rn in g S i t u a t i o n in S e le c te d C h u rch es." U npublished M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1941. R e e v e s , F l o y d M . , "A S t u d y o f t h e V a l u e o f t h e G y m n a siu m i n The C i t y C h u rc h P r o g r a m . " U npublished M a s te r’ s t h e s i s i n S c h o o l o f R e l i g i o n , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1928.

129 R i c h l e y , M ary J * , ”A S t u d y o f tlie S o c i a l A c t i v i t i e s o f t h e C a t h o l i c C h u r c h i n L os A n g e l e s * ” U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r 1s t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1916. S l a t e r , P a u l i n e L * , llT h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f D e s i r a b l e C h a r a c t e r T r a i t s Through L e is u r e - tim e A c t i v i t i e s o f th e C r e a tiv e l y P e «M U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r 1s t h e s i s i n E d u c a t i o n , T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 3 7 . S t e p h e n s , G e r t r u d e A . , ”A S t u d y o f t h e L e i s u r e T im e A c t i v i t i e s o f a G roup o f F i f t y F i f t h and S i x t h G rade Boys i n Los A n g e le s . U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r Ts t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1935. W a h l s t r o m , C a t h e r i n e L . , ”A S t u d y o f P r o g r a m s a n d L e a d e r s h i p f o r Camp F i r e G i r l s . ” U n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r * s t h e s i s i n S o c i o l o g y , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1935.

APPENDIX

Name o f Church

.

Address

Name o f P a sto r

.

131

.

. Number o f members ____

D oes y o u r ch u rch h ave a r e c r e a t io n a l program ?

Y es

.

No

Check ( J) t h e g rou p s o r c lu b s , sp o n so red b y y o u r church* I f more th a n one o f e a c h , p le a s e in d ic a t e th e number in s t e a d o f t h e check* Boy S c o u t Gi r l S c o u t . " Cub S c o u t Br o w n ies _ _ P io n e e r s Fr ie n d ly S o c ie t y Comrades Camp F ir e G ir ls F r ie n d ly In d ia n s Gi r l R e se r v e s W oodcraft R angers G ir l P io n e e r s H i-Y Oth e r s P h a la n x ' O th ers Epw orth L eague C h r is tia n E ndeavor L a d ie s * A id S ew in g C ir c le M en's C lub O th ers

Hobby Ph o to g r a p h ic Dr a m a tic Lit e r a r y Da n c in g St o r y Hour O th ers

Check (y) th e a t h l e t i c a c t i v i t i e s sp o n so red b y y o u r ch u rch : Gym nasium C la s s e s Badm inton Ba s e b a ll O th ers B a sk e tb a ll, T en n is Swimming_____ ______ V o lle y b a ll S k a tin g O th ers P le a s e in d ic a t e in th e c o r r e c t colu m n , th e number o f each o f th e fo llo w in g ty p e s o f w o r k e r s, em ployed b y y ou r ch u rch : ________ PAID VOLUNTARY . . F u ll- t im e P a r t-tim e F u ll-tim e P a r t-tim e None B oys' Work D ir e c to r G ir ls* Work D ir e c to r S p e c ia l R e c r e a tio n L eader D ir e c to r o f D ram atics O th er le a d e r s t o d ir e c t r e c r e a t io n and group w ork a c t i v i t i e s What f a c i l i t i e s h ave you f o r r e c r e a tio n ? P le a s e ch eck (✓) C lub Rooms L ib r a r y

Camp Swimming P o o l

M o v in g -p ic tu r e equipm ent O th ers

What do you c o n s id e r th e p u rp ose o f r e c r e a tio n in y o u r ch u rch : To a t t r a c t groups to church m em bership? Yes No To d e v e lo p c h a r a c te r ? Yes_ To p r e v e n t d e liq u e n c y in com m unity? Yes No Any o th e r p u rp o se . , Do you f e e l you have b een s u c c e s s f u l in a c c o m p lish in g th e se o b j e c t iv e s ? Y es ______ No ______ S t a t e y o u r fra n k o p in io n ab ou t th e r e c r e a t io n program o f you r church* What do you r e g a r d a s th e v a lu e s ? What a r e th e w ea k n esses?

132

1725 C lu b View D r i v e Los A ngeles^ C a l i f . A p r i l 1 2 , 1941

As m i n i s t e r o f an a c t i v e c h u r c h , you a r e , o f c o u r s e , i n t e r e s t e d in th e c h a r a c t e r developm ent o f o u r p r e s e n t day youth. T h e r e seem s t o b e g e n e r a l a g r e e m e n t t h a t r e c r e a ­ t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s do i n f l u e n c e c h a r a c t e r , a l t h o u g h t h e r e i s a d i f f e r e n c e o f o p in io n as to th e e x te n t o f such in flu en ce. As a m o t h e r , t e a c h e r , a n d c h u r c h m e m b e r , I am p e r s o n ­ a l l y i n t e r e s t e d in know ing w hat t h e c h u rc h e s a r e d o in g a lo n g re c rea tio n a l lin e s. In p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f a M aster*s d e g r e e i n S o c i o l o g y , I am m a k i n g a s t u d y o f t h e r e c r e a ­ t i o n a l program s o f th e Churches o f th e W ils h ir e d i s t r i c t * May I e n l i s t y o u r c o o p e r a t i o n i n m a k i n g t h i s s t u d y com plete? I f so , I t r u s t you o r one o f y o u r a s s i s t a n t s w ill f i l l in the en closed q u e stio n n a ire as f u l l y as p o ssib le . In t h i s stu d y r e c r e a tio n i s b ein g d e fin e d as i n c l u d i n g A c t i v i t i e s w h ic h r e - c r e a t e body and m ind, r e s u l t i n g in t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f o n e f s e x h a u s te d pow ers t h r o u g h r e l a x a t i o n f r o m t h e . m o r e s e r i o u s p u r s u i t s o f l i f e . 11 T hank you f o r y o u r c o o p e r a t i o n

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P u t a ch eck (7) in fr o n t o f a n y o f th e f o llo w in g grou p s o r c lu b s w h ich t h i s ch urch sp o n so r s: Bo y S c o u t Epw orth L eague Hobby Club Hi- Y Ch r is t ia n E ndeavour Ph o to g r a p h ic C lub Gi r l S c o u t Church o f Youth Dr a m a tic C lub Camp F ir e G ir ls You th F e llo w sh ip Lit e r a r y C lub Gi r l s F r ie n d ly S o c ie t y Oth e r s Da n c in g C lub Oth e r s Ot h e r s P le a s e p u t a ch eck ( / ) a f t e r an y o f th e ab ove g rou p s t o w h ich you b e lo n g . R eason you b e lo n g t o an y o f t h e ab ove g ro u p s: ■ ______ P a r e n ts w ant you t o You e n jo y t h e ty p e o f r e c r e a tio n o f f e r e d You l i k e b e in g w ith th e group w h ich b e lo n g s O th er r e a so n . _______________ What do you e n jo y m ost a b o u t b e lo n g in g t o t h i s group?

What s u g g e s tio n s w ould you make f o r im p rovin g th e grou p , o r i t s r e c r e a ­ t io n a l program ?

I f you do n o t b e lo n g t o an y o f th e above g r o u p s, why? Too f a r t o go Haven *t tim e Have n o t b een in v it e d D on*t l i k e t h e group

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I f you haven* t b een a b le t o s a y (o n t h i s q u e s tio n n a ir e } a l l t h a t you w ish t o sa y a b o u t th e r e c r e a t io n a l program o f t h i s ch u rch , o r i f you a r e w il l in g t o t a lk fu r th e r w ith me ab ou t i t , p le a s e p u t y ou r name b e lo w .

134

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