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The results obtained and the thesis prepared in connection with the regularly assigned thesis subject are the property of the University and no part of the same may be reproduced or published without the written consent of the President of the University or his designee. Unless other wise named, the head of the department supervising the work shall act for the President. ..... submitted in This thesis by partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ............. has been used by the following persons, whose signatures attest their acceptance of the above restrictions. A library which borrows this thesis for use by its readers is expected to secure the signature of each user.
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BORROWING LIBRARY
DATE OF USE
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^
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
THIS IS TO CERTIFY T H A T T H E THESIS P R E P A R E D U N D E R M Y SUPERVISION
b y __________ Rupert Kelson Evans
entitled
A STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
AFFECTING MICROMETER MEASUREMENT
COMPLIES W I T H T H E UNIVERSITY REGULA T I O N S O N G R A D U A T I O N THESES
A N D IS A P P R O V E D B Y M E A S FULFILLING THIS P A R T O F T H E R E Q U I R E M E N T S
FOR THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
t
S".
P r o f e s s o r in C h a u g e o f T h e s is
JJ
H ead o f S ch o o l or D epa rtm en t
-.0003
0
+.0001
7
.0000
10
-.0001
5
-.0002
5 Total Frequency 28
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
j
58
TABLE 16 MEASURES OF ACCURACY FOR INDIVIDUAL APPRENTICES USING PERSONAL MICROMETER ON GAGE BLOCKS HELD IN HANDS
Subject No.
No. Of Measurement8
Percent Correct to ± .0001”
1
10
10
2
10
3
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation of Errorb
.00022”
.00044"
.000454”
100
-.00008”
.00008"
.000040"
10
70
.00008”
.00010”
.000117”
4
10
20
.00019”
.00019"
.000054”
5
10
30
-.00013"
.00025"
.000249"
6
10
20
.00027”
.00027"
.000119”
7
10
0
-.00031”
.00031”
.000083"
8
10
70
.00013"
.00013"
.000078"
9
10
90
-.00007”
.00011”
.000249"
10
10
100
.00000
.00006”
.000077"
11
10
100
-.00002”
.00004”
.000060"
12
10
40
-.00017"
.00017”
.000090"
13
10
100
.00001"
.00003"
.000054"
14
10
20
-.00017”
.00033”
.000338"
15
10
100
.00001"
.00001"
.000030”
16
10
100
.00005”
.00005"
.000050”
R eproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
{
59
TABLE 17 MEASURES OF ACCURACY FOR INDIVIDUAL APPRENTICES USING PERSONAL MICROMETER ON GAGE BLOCKS HELD IN FIXTURE
Subject No.
No. of Measurements
17
Percent Correct to ± ,0001"
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation of Errors
50
-.00015"
.00015"
.000081"
18
10
70
-.00012"
.00012"
.000060"
19
10
60
-.00005"
.00021"
.000291"
20
10
60
.00002"
.00018"
.000282"
21
10
30
-.00038"
.00038"
.000275"
22
10
60
-.00013"
.00013"
.000090"
23
10
80
-.00002"
.00014"
.000268"
24
10
90
-.00003"
.00013"
.000261"
25
10
30
.00025"
.00025"
.000163"
26
10
100
-.00002"
.00004"
.000060"
27
10
20
-.00017"
.00021"
.000155"
28
10
100
-.00003"
.00005"
.000064"
29
10
60
-.00009"
.00009"
.000094"
30
10
100
-.00003"
.00007"
.000078"
31
10
70
.00003"
.00025"
.000372"
32
10
90
.00009"
.00015"
.000311"
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60
TABLE 18 MEASURES OF ACCURACY FOR INDIVIDUAL APPRENTICES USING STANDARD MICROMETER ON GAGE BLOCKS HELD IN FIXTURE
Subject No.
No. of Measurements
Percent Correct to * . 0001"
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation Of Errors
1
10
20
-.00029"
.00035"
.000284"
2
10
60
.00011"
.00013"
.000137"
3
10
90
.00003"
.00005"
.000078"
4
10
20
.00011"
.00025"
.000281"
5
10
40
-.00011"
.00025"
.000311"
6
10
90
.00005"
.00007"
.000081"
7
10
70
.00016"
.00016"
.000136"
8
10
90
-.00002"
.00012"
.000178"
9
10
60
-.00010"
.00018"
.000205"
10
10
80
.00008"
.00018"
.000309"
11
10
30
.00020"
.00020"
.000110"
IS
10
80
-.00001"
.00017"
.000274"
13
10
20
-.00008"
.00024"
.000303"
14
10
20
-.00024"
.00024"
.000102"
15
10
80
.00008"
.00008"
.000075"
16
10
90
-.00008"
.00008"
.000060"
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
61
TABLE 19 MEASURES OF ACCURACY FOR INDIVIDUAL APPRENTICES USINC STANDARD MICROMETER ON GAGE BLOCKS HELD IN HANDS
Subject No.
No. of Measurements
Percent Correct to ± .0001”
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation Of Errors
1?
10
100
-.00001"
.00003"
.000054"
18
10
100
.00000
.00000
.000000
19
10
100
-.00009"
.00009"
.000030"
20
10
80
.00010"
.00012"
.000100"
21
10
20
-.00038"
.00040"
.000264"
22
10
90
-.00006"
.00009"
.000091"
23
10
0
.00008"
.00040"
.000433"
24
10
100
-.00001"
.00001"
.000030"
25
10
90
.00011"
.00011"
.000030"
26
10
90
.00002"
.00008"
.000030"
27
10
90
.00005"
.00007"
.000081"
28
10
90
.00011"
.00011"
.000030"
29
10
60
.00013"
.00013"
.000119"
30
10
100
.00002"
.00002"
.000040"
31
10
40
-.00015"
.00037"
.000420"
32
10
100
.00005"
.00007"
.000067"
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62
TABLE 20 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN VARIOUS MEASURES OP ACCURACY, AGE, TIME ON THE JOB, AND TIME WITH THE COMPANY, POR 60 JOURNEYMEN AND APPRENTICES
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Individual S.D. of Errors
.089
-.195
-.164
-.078
Time on Job
-.164
-.184
-.075
-.190
Time with Company
-.105
-.177
-.107
-.061
Percent Correct to ±.0001"
Age
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•e x p e c t e d IFREQUENCY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110 120
130 140 150 160 170
FREQUENCY
Fig. 8— Expected and Observed Frequencies of Vernier Readings by 60 Journeymen and Apprentices.
ca
APPENDIX; SECTION E . TRAINING PROGRAM IN MICROMETER MEASUREMENT
64
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65
TRAINING IN MICROMETER MEASUREMENT Problem— To study the effect of a brief training progrem on accuracy of micrometer measurement. Materials— Five used one-inch vernier micrometer calipers; two sets of ten Class C gage blocks, sizes, .1000, .1001, .1002, .1003, .1004, .1005, .1006, .1007, .1008, and .1009 inches; five felt covered benches; five chairs; numbered strips of adhesive tape. Procedure; 1. shop course.
Five subjects were selected from a university general Scores on the American Council on Education Psychological
Examination were checked, and it was found that for these subjects the mean percentile rank (based on college freshmen) was 34.
None of the
subjects had used a vernier before, and only one subject had read a micrometer before this training program. 2.
Each subject was assigned a micrometer for use throughout
the training progrem.
Each micrometer had been checked for ease of
turning against zero load (.25 inch-ounces or less), and for zero read ing in the closed position. 3.
A demonstration was given, showing the correct manner of
cleaning the micrometer anvil, and checking for a zero reading with the micrometer closed. 4.
Ten minutes were spent in individual instruction on
holding, setting, and reading the micrometer. 5.
A four minute description of size comparisons was given.
Each subject measured one of his hairs, and was told that if that hair were split 25 times, the thickness of one slice would amount
I i
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66 to about one ten-thousandth of an inch.
Other comparisons of the
same general type were also given. 6. Each subject was instructed to measure various gage blocks, to note the reading on the micrometer, and to compare this reading with the size stamped on the block. 7.
Thirty minutes after the start of the training program
the first test was given.
This test consisted of the measurement of
a set of gage blocks which had their sizes concealed by a prearranged set of random numbers on adhesive tape.
Each subject recorded his own
readings in ink. 8. After all measurements had been taken, the correct size was read to the group and written by the subject beside his own read ings.
Subjects were cautioned to note both the size and direction of
errors. 9.
Steps six through eight were repeated according to the
schedule shown in Figure 9.
A different set of prearranged random
numbers was attached to the test gage blocks before each test.
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FIGURE 9 SCHEDULE OF TRAINING PROGRAM IN MICROMETER MEASUREMENT
First Day 11:00 AM 11:30 AM 12:00 M
12:00 > 1:00 PM 1:00 PM
lunch
2:00 PM
Third Test Practice Fourth Test Practice Fifth Test
- 2:20 PM
Rest Period
1:30 PM
2:00
Start of training program Demonstration and practice First Test Practice Second Test
2:30 PM 3:00 PM 3:30 PM
Sixth Test Practice Seventh Test Practice Eighth Test Third Day
11:00 AM 11:30 AM
Ninth Test Practice Tonth Test Twelfth Day
3:30 PM' Eleventh Test
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68
TABLE 21 INDIVIDUAL ACCURACY DURING MICROMETER TRAINING PROGRAM SUBJECT NUMBER ONE
Test No.
1 2
Percent Correct to ± .0001“
100 50
Constant Error
Absolute Error
.00002“ .00014"
.00004" .00014"
Standard Deviation
.000060" .000092"
One Hour Lunch Period S 4 5
100 100 100
.00001" .00004" .00000
.00003" .00004" .00000
.000054" .000049" .000000
20 Minute Rest Period 6 7 8
100 100 100
-.00006" -.00001" .00000
.00006" .00001" .00000
.000049" .000030" .000000
.00000 .00000
.000000 .000000
.00018"
.000040"
42 Hour Interval 9 10
100 100
.00000 .00000 10 Day Interval
11
20
.00018"
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69
TABLE 22 INDIVIDUAL ACCURACY DURING MICROMETER TRAINING PROGRAM SUBJECT NUMBER TWO
Test No.
1 2
Percent Correct to ± .0001' '
10 10
Constant Error
-.00023" -.00023"
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation
.00023" .00023"
.000064" .000064"
One Hour Lunch Period 3 4 5
80 70 80
-.00009" -.00009" -.00009"
.00009" t00015" .00009"
.000070" .000277" .000070"
20 Minute Rest Period 6 7 8
-90 90 90
-.00008" -.00004" .00004"
.00008" .00004" .00004"
.000060" .000066" .000066"
.00015" .00004"
.000102"
.00023"
.000323"
42 Hour Interval 9 10
30 100
.00015" .00004"
.000049"
10 Day Interval 11
50
.00005"
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70
TABLE 23 INDIVIDUAL ACCURACY DURING MICROMETER TRAINING PROGRAM SUBJECT NUMBER THREE
Test No.
Percent Correct to
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation
-.00004” -.00009"
.00006"
.000066" .000070"
* . 0001”
1 2
100 90
.00011"
One Hour lunch Period 3 4 5
80 80
100
-.00005" -.00003" -.00003"
.00011"
.00011" .00003"
.000128" .000168" .000046"
20 Minute Rest Period 6 7 8
100 100 100
-.00007" -.00008" .00001"
.00007" .00008" .00005"
.000046" .000040" .000070"
.00009" .00007"
.000054" .000090"
.00010"
.000063"
42 Hour Interval 9
10
90 90
.00009" -.00003" 10 Day Interval
11
80
.00010"
\
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71
TABLE 24 INDIVIDUAL ACCURACY DURING MICROMETER TRAINING PROGRAM SUBJECT NUMBER FOUR
Test No.
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation
80
-.00007"
.00009"
100
-.00002"
.00002"
.000090" .000040"
Percent Correct to
afc .0001'* 1 2
One Hour lunch Period 3 4 5
90
100 100
-.00002" .00002"
.00016"
-.00007"
.00007"
.00002"
.000296" .000040" .000046"
20 Minute Rest Period
6
90
7 8
80 100
-.00002" -.00006" -.00009"
.00016" .00006" .00009"
.000252" .000080" .000030"
.00000 .00002"
.000000
.00031"
.000396"
42 Hour Interval 9
10
100 100
.00000 .00000
.000045"
10 Day Interval
11
10
.00001"
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
72
TABLE 25 INDIVIDUAL ACCURACY DURING MICROMETER TRAINING PROGRAM SUBJECT NUMBER FIVE
Test No.
Percent Correct to ±
Constant Error
Absolute Error
Standard Deviation
.00010"
.000275" .000046"
.0001“
1
90
2
100
.00008" .00003"
.00003"
One Hour Lunch Period 3 4 5
80
100 100
-.00004"
.00002" -.00004"
.00022" .00002" .00004"
.000405" .000040" .000049"
20 Minute Rest Period
6
100
7
90
8
100
-.00005" -.00005" -.00002"
.00007" .00005" .00004"
.000067" .000067" .000060"
.00008"
.000092"
42 Hour Interval 9
10
(Absent) (Absent) 10 Day Interval
11
90
-.00004"
I f i i
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