A student guide for presenting a junior high school carnival
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A STUDENT GUIDE FOR PRESENTING A JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CARNIVAL
A P ro je c t P re se n te d to th e F a c u lty o f th e S chool o f E d u c a tio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a
In P a r t ia l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r t h e D eg ree M a ste r o f S c ie n c e i n E d u c a tio n
W i l l a r d P ow ers A ugust
1950
UMI Number: EP46526
All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
Dissertation Publishing
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Th is pr o je c t report, writ ten un der the direction of the candidate's ad v ise r a n d a p p r o v e d by him, has been pr ese nte d to an d a c c e p te d by the F a cu lt y of the S c h o o l of E duc atio n in p a r t i a l fulfi llm ent of the requirements f o r the de gre e of M a s t e r of Science in Education.
Date..
................
Adviser
D ea n
ii
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE TO THE T E A C H E R ............................................................................. PREFACE TO THE S T U D E N T ............................................................................. INTRODUCTION
V vi
............................................................................................. v i i
PART I .
MANAGING AND DIRECTING THE F E S T IV IT IE S HOW TO START THE BALL ROLLING
CHAPTER 1.
SPONSORS:
2.
EXECUTIVES: How t o s u p e r v i s e a n d s c h e d u l e t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e c a r n i v a l .............................................
3. 4.
How t o o r g a n i z e a n d g e t t h i n g s s t a r t e d
.
2 7
MONEY MINDERS: How t o h a n d l e y o u r f i n a n c e s a n d ............................................................. keep o u t o f th e re d
12
PUBLICITY AGENTS: How t o a d v e r t i s e y o u r c a r n i v a l a n d p u t i t i n t h e l i m e l i g h t .........................................................
21
PART I I . OPERATING CONCESSIONS HOW TO PROVIDE ENTERTAINMENT PLUS 5. 6. 7.
CONCESSIONAIRES: How t o a r r a n g e f o r s n a p p y c o n c e s s i o n s ..................................................................................................
29
SHOWMEN: How t o p r o d u c e s i d e sh o w s t h a t a r e lo a d e d w ith e n te rta in m e n t ..............................
36
HUNGER SQUELCHERS: How t o p r e p a r e a b o o t h t h a t s e l l s m o u t h - w a t e r i n g m o r s e l s ....................................................
45
iv CHAPTER
PAGE PART I I I . BUILDING CONCESSIONS HOW TO HATE ATTRACTIVE BOOTHS
8. 9. 10.
BUYERS:
How t o m ake p u r c h a s e s f o r c o n c e s s i o n s
. . .
52
BUILDERS: How t o o p e r a t e y o u r c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s ............................................. ............................................................. 58 DECORATORS: How t o p r o v i d e f o r a c o l o r f u l a n d e n tic in g c a rn iv a l . ......................................................
63
PART I V . "THE SHOW MUST GO ON*." HOW TO KEEP THE CARNIVAL OPERATING 11. 12.
SENTINELS: How t o g u a r a n t e e . g o o d o r d e r a t y o u r c a r n i v a l ......................................... . . . . . . ROUSTABOUTS: Howt o k e e p t h i n g s
i n good s h a p e
70 . . .
B IB L IO G R A P H Y ........................................................................................................... 78
74
V
PREFACE TO THE TEACHER S in e © t h e e rs,
it
is
s tu d e n ts ,
n o t you as te a c h e rs , a re th e le a r n
e v id e n t t h a t th e
in th e hands o f th e s tu d e n ts a c tiv ity * b ility
sc h o o l c a r n i v a l b e lo n g s e n t i r e l y in -so -fa r as i t
is a le a rn in g
P e rm ittin g th e s tu d e n ts to a c c e p t t h i s re s p o n s i
b e n e f its b o th you and th e s tu d e n ts .
T he c a r n i v a l
h e lp s to advance th e s tu d e n ts s o c i a l ly ,
p r o v i d e s th em w i t h
an o p p o r tu n ity t o t a s t e a c c o m p lish m e n t,
s h o w s t h e m how t o
w ork t o g e t h e r ,
g u i d e s th e m i n t o f u t u r e
o c c u p a tio n s,
g iv e s you an i n s ig h t in to th e tr u e c h a r a c te r Even beyond t h i s
it
g iv e s you r e l i e f
and a ls o
of th e s tu d e n t.
from a l o t o f e x t r a
d u ty t h a t w o u ld n f t o th e r w is e be p o s s i b l e . Y ou n o d o u b t a g r e e t h a t t h i s
i s a l l w e l l and good b u t
q u e s t i o n how i t m ay b e a c c o m p l i s h e d . answ er l i e s
It
i s hoped t h a t th e
i n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s w h ere m eth o d s f o r s t u d e n t
o r g a n iz a tio n and a d m i n i s t r a t io n o f th e c a r n i v a l a re s u g g e s te d . A p p r e c i a t i o n i s e x te n d e d t o M rs. M a r g a r e t W est V aughan fo r her c a r e f u l p re p a ra tio n of th e i l l u s t r a t i o n s p re s e n te d .
vi PREFACE TO THE STUDENT Do y o u w a n t t o g e t a w a y f r o m t h a t o l d r o u t i n e so m e th in g t h a t * s a l i v e ,
so m e th in g t h a t w i l l e x e r c i s e y o u r
c la s s r o o m l e a r n i n g s i n a n i n t e r e s t i n g way? your school c a rn iv a l is th e se
ju stifia b le
and i n t o
S u re you do!
one o f th e b e s t m eans f o r
And
o b ta in in g
d e sire s.
T h is g u id e p l a c e s th e w h o le r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f th e c a r n i v a l in your c a p a b le h a n d s.
By f o l l o w i n g t h e d i r e c t i o n s g i v e n ,
you sh o u ld be a b le t o p r e s e n t a b e t t e r v io u s g roup b e fo re you, it!
c a r n iv a l th a n any p re
stu d e n t or a d u lt,
and have fu n d o in g
v ii INTRODUCTION In c o rp o ra tin g th e sc h o o l c a r n iv a l i n t o an e d u c a tio n a l in stitu tio n
o n ly fo r th e p u rp o se of g a in in g needed fu n d s i s
not in i t s e l f
a ju s tif ia b le p ra c tic e .
M o d e rn e d u c a t i o n s h o u l d
be f a r ad v an ced from an y su c h a n t i q u a t e d p r a c t i c e s a s t h e s e . The p a r t i c u l a r
i n t e n t o f t h i s m anual i s t o p r e s e n t a m eth o d
b y w h i c h s u c h d a t e d p r o c e d u r e s may b e r e m o d e l e d t o f i t
sound
th e o r ie s o f e d u c a tio n . B ackground o f t h e p ro b le m .
D ic tio n a rie s re fe r
c a r n i v a l a s o r i g i n a t i n g i n Roman C a t h o l i c
to th e
c o u n t r i e s w here i t
f i r s t s e r v e d i n t h e s e a s o n o f r e j o i c i n g b e f o r e L e n t a n d was c h a r a c t e r i z e d by f e a s t i n g and r e v e l r y . is a fe s tiv ity
Today t h e c a r n i v a l
b u t i n a Coney I s l a n d s t y l e .
I n th e p a s t th e c a r n i v a l h a s g a in e d a m easure o f s a n c tio n by la b e lin g
i t w ith a p u rp o se such a s o b ta in in g needed fu n d s.
B ecause t h i s p r a c t i c e v a tio n
it
does se rv e a s a so u rc e o f s tu d e n t m o ti
cannot be e n t i r e l y
condem ned.
can be fo u n d , p e rh a p s th e f e s t i v i t y
I f no b e t t e r p u rp o se
s h o u ld be rem o v ed e n t i r e l y
fro m t h e c u r r ic u lu m . T e a c h e r s m ay r e a d i l y r e c o g n i z e t h e sch o o l c a rn iv a l to th e te a c h e r b e g in s to se e
stu d e n t. it
im p o rta n c e
of th e
S c h o o l co m es a l i v e a n d t h e
a s a d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f J o h n D ew eyf s
p h ilo s o p h y th a t e d u c a tio n i s
life ,
n o t p re p a ra tio n fo r l i f e .
v iii S t u d e n t ’ s i n t e r e s t s w h ic h w e re g r a d u a l l y w a n in g aw ay su d d e n l y e x p e rie n c e a r e b ir th ..
He b e c o m e s a c t i v e
p a r t o f h is su rro u n d in g s.
and an i n t e g r a l
T ru ly e d u c a to rs can n o t s i t
b y and
l e t su ch a w o n d e rfu l o p p o rtu n ity as t h i s p a ss th ro u g h t h e i r fin g e rs. Im p o rta n c e o f th e p ro b le m . fo r h e re i s striv e
T h ere m ust be an a w ak e n in g ,
t h a t i n t r i n s i c m o ti v a ti o n w h ic h t e a c h e r s
f o r b u t se ld o m o b t a i n .
so o f te n
T he p r o b l e m h e r e f o r e d u c a t o r s
i s l i k e n e d t o t h e p r o b l e m f a c e d b y man b e f o r e h e l e a r n e d c a p tu r e and c o n t r o l th e power c o n ta in e d i n r i v e r s T he p o w e r w a s t h e r e a n d f r e e
f o r man t o u s e i f
of w a te r.
he o n ly c o u ld
f i n d t h e w ay t o u s e i t .
The m o t i v a t i o n i s t h e r e
dent i f
c a n f i n d t h e w ay t o
o n ly th e te a c h e r
to
in th e s tu
use i t
in a
le a rn in g a c tiv ity . S o lu tio n o f th e p ro b le m . p ro b le m does n o t s o lv e i t .
R e c o g n iz in g and c l a r i f y i n g a
B e f o r e m uch p r o g r e s s
c a n b e m ade
t h e r e m u s t b e a c h a n g e i n t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e m any t e a c h e r s who t e n d t o c r i n g e aw ay f r o m p a r t i c i p a t i o n c a r n iv a l as th e y f e e l t h a t
it
is
upon th em by t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .
in th e sc h o o l
an u n ju s tif ie d
bu rd en p la c e d
T each ers, a d m in is tr a to r s ,
an d th e p u b l i c m u st a l l aw aken an d r e c o g n i z e t h a t t h e s c h o o l c a r n i v a l c a n b e m ade i n t o a t e s t i n g c la s s ro o m t e a c h i n g s .
g r o u n d f o r m uch o f t h e
The s o l u t i o n t o
th e p ro b lem i s
a v ery
ix sim p le one and l i e s
i n th e s tu d e n t* s b e in g p e rm itte d t o have
th e f u l l r e s p o n s ib i lity fe s tiv ity
of th e
c a rn iv a l.
T h is e n jo y a b le
s u b t l y becom es a s p e c i f i c l e a r n i n g a c t i v i t y w h e re b y
th e s tu d e n t,
th e te a c h e rs ,
a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , p a r e n t s and p u b lic
w ill a ll b e n e fit. The o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e v a l is p o ss ib le
o n ly th ro u g h th e
d u a l in v o lv e d .
T h erefo re th e
school c a rn i
c o o p e ra tio n o f each in d iv i
c a r n i v a l c a n be s a i d t o c o n t r i
b u t e t o t h e s t u d e n t s b y p r o v i d i n g th e m w i t h a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o w o r k t o g e t h e r w i t h o n e a im a n d o b j e c t i v e . l e a r n e r s f in d th e y m ust r e s p e c t th e c la s s m a te s w h ic h in i t s e l f fo ste rs
th e
I n so d o in g th e
id e a s and o p in io n s o f
c o n trib u te s to
one and a l l f o r
d e m o c r a tic i d e a l s o f A m e ric an l i f e .
g ro u p c o o p e r a tio n ,
it
In a p p ly in g
s t u d e n t s f i n d t h a t t h o s e who a r e n o t a b l e
t o k e e p up s h o u l d n o t b e l e f t t o f l o u n d e r b y t h e w a y s i d e b u t in ste a d to th e
s h o u l d b e g i v e n a h e l p i n g h a n d s o t h a t t h e y may a d d su ccess o f th e c a r n iv a l.
T h is p r o v i d e s an o p p o r t u n i t y
f o r t h o s e who s e l d o m e x c e l t o a t t a i n r e c o g n i t i o n , w h i c h i s l i k e l y a r a r i t y w i t h th em . S o u rces o f d a t a .
I n p r e p a r i n g t h i s m a n u a l,
in fo rm a tio n
w a s g a i n e d f r o m a b o u t tw o h u n d r e d s t u d e n t s who h a d j u s t c o m p le te d f o u r y e a r s o f j u n i o r h ig h s c h o o l .
Many s u g g e s t i o n s
w ere a l s o r e c e i v e d from v a r i o u s t e a c h e r s an d c o l l e a g u e s . U n fo rtu n a te ly th e r e i s v ery l i t t l e
p r i n t e d d a t a a v a i l a b l e on
t h e s u b j e c t a n d t h e s e a p p e a r e d o n l y i n a fe w e d u c a t i o n a l p e rio d ic a ls.
M ost i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n was i n t h e
fo rm o f t h e a u t h o r ’ s r e p o r t on t h e c a r n i v a l i n h i s s c h o o l . M any a u t h o r s s t r e s s e d t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e i r a m o n e ta ry one and c o m p le te ly b y p a s s e d i t a c tiv ity .
A rtic le s re fe rre d to
c a r n iv a l as b e in g as a le a rn in g
appear in th e b ib lio g ra p h y .
1
PART I .
MANAGING AND DIRECTING THE FE S T IV IT IE S HOW TO START THE BALL ROLLING
S u c c e ss fu l,
in te re s tin g ,
and lo n g -rem em b ered c a r n i v a l s
a re n o t j u s t h appen-by-chance a f f a i r s .
I n s te a d th e y a re th e
p r o d u c t o f c o o p e r a tio n and u n ity o f a c t i o n . your c e n tr a l o b je c tiv e to d a te ,
is
W ith o u t d o u b t
to have th e m ost s u c c e s s f u l c a r n iv a l
an d t h e ways f o r o b t a i n i n g t h i s th r o u g h u n i t y o f
a c tio n and c o o p e ra tio n a re su g g e ste d in th e fo llo w in g fo u r c h a p te rs#
CHAPTER 1 .
SPONSORS
HOW TO ORGANIZE AND GET THINGS STARTED A,
REWARDS t h a t c a n b e g a i n e d f r o m g o o d b e g i n n i n g p r o c e d u r e s . 1#
FUTURE BENEFITS:
The e x p e r i e n c e s r e c e i v e d a s a S p o n
s o r w i l l g i v e y o u t h a t s e l f c o n f i d e n c e y o u m ay n e e d t o s t e p f o r w a r d a s a l e a d e r i n som e s o c i a l o r g a n i z a tio n £•
or b u s in e s s .
PROOF OF CA PA BILITIES: in to
A rra n g in g y o u r s e lv e s r e a d i l y
c o o p e ra tiv e g ro u p s and b e in g in d e p e n d e n t o f
a d u l t s p r o v id e s you w i t h an o p p o r tu n ity t o g iv e p r o o f p o s i t i v e t h a t you a r e a b le t o h a n d le t h in g s
on y o u r
ow n. 3.
HIGH ESTEEM:
As a S p o n s o r y o u w i l l g a i n t h e r e s p e c t
o f your a s s o c ia te s and be c o n sid e re d as c o n tr ib u tin g g re a tly to th e B.
c a rn iv a l.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u t o o r g a n i z e a n d g e t t h i n g s s ta rte d . 1*
THE POWWOW:
How t o h a v e y o u r s t u d e n t a r r a n g e
f o r an
a sse m b ly . a.
A sk y o u r l e a d e r t o g e t o f f i c i a l p e r m i s s i o n t o s c h e d u le t h e a s s e m b ly on t h e s c h o o l c a l e n d a r .
b. 2.
P l a n f o r a n a s s e m b ly ro o m .
SETTING A GOAL:
How t o
o p e ra te th e s e l e c ti o n
p u r p o s e a n d a th e m e f o r y o u r c a r n i v a l .
of a
a*
U se t h e a s s e m b l y g r o u p a r r a n g e d b y y o u r g r o u p le a d e r fo r
b.
s e l e c t i n g y o u r g o a l and th em e.
S u g g e st p o s s ib le p u rp o s e s f o r h a v in g a c a r n i v a l . (1)
B u y i n g s t u d e n t b o d y c a r d s f o r t h o s e who d o n ' t h a v e a n y m oney i s a g o o d p u r p o s e .
(2 )
A c a r n i v a l w i l l p r o v i d e e n o u g h m o n ey t o s p o n s o r a l a r g e s c h o o l prom .
c.
L i s t t h e s u g g e s t i o n s on a b l a c k b o a r d and e l i m i n a te a l l b u t fo u r
d.
A p p o in t a group t o
o r f i v e b y v o t i n g on t h e m . d e te r m in e w h ic h o f t h e
se le c te d
p u rp o se s th e c a r n iv a l can b e s t s a t i s f y . e.
G iv e t h e
c o m m i t t e e t h e a u t h o r i t y t o m ake t h e
f i n a l c h o ic e . f.
A s s i g n a c o m m i t t e e t o r u n a "Theme S e l e c t i n g C o n te st. n (1 )
O f f e r a p r i z e f o r t h e b e s t th em e s u b m i t t e d and s e le c te d .
(2 )
You s h o u l d c h a r g e a s m a l l sum f o r e a c h su g g e s tio n s u b m itte d .
g.
G iv e t h e
c o m m i t t e e t h e a u t h o r i t y t o m ake t h e
fin a l s e le c tio n . MUSTERING: a.
How t o a r r a n g e y o u r s e l v e s
S e l e c t som e s t u d e n t who i s
a c q u a in te d w ith g ro u p
i n g p r o c e d u r e s o r w o u ld l i k e b.
G et t h i s
in to g ro u p s.
to b e .
s tu d e n t a c q u a in te d w ith th e so c io g ram b y
4 h a v i n g h im t a l k w i t h som e t e a c h e r who h a s u s e d them * c*
A v o id s e l e c t i n g a g r o u p w h ic h y o u a r e n o t c a p a b le fo r nor have a s in c e r e i n t e r e s t i n .
4.
PULLING TOGETHER:
How t o e s t a b l i s h c o o p e r a t i o n am ong
g ro u p s. a.
For b e t t e r
o p e r a t io n h ave e a c h group e l e c t i t s
own l e a d e r . b.
Make e a c h g r o u p l e a d e r a g r o u p r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
on
th e E x e c u tiv e C o u n c il. c.
I n s t r u c t th e group le a d e r s t o m eet a s p o ss ib le
and ch o o se t h e i r
soon as
C o u n c i l C h a i r m a n who
w i l l becom e t h e h e a d e x e c u t i v e f o r t h e w h o l e c a rn iv a l* d.
G iv e e a c h s e c r e t a r y t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o r e c o r d and t a b u l a t e a l l o f t h e g r o u p ’s a c t i v i t i e s .
e.
P la n a s e tu p w hereby th e s e c r e t a r y g iv e s h i s re c o rd s to th e le a d e r to
tak e to
th e c o u n c il
m e e tin g . C*
ACTIVITIES i n o r g a n i z i n g a n d g e t t i n g s t a r t e d . 1.
UNIFYING:
M eet i n a g ro u p t o s e l e c t yo ur g o a l an d
o rg a n iz e y o u rs e lv e s i n to 2.
APPRENTICESHIP:
f u n c t i o n a l c o m m itte e s.
P r a c t i c e o rg a n iz in g and g ro u p in g i n
y o u r h om ero om c l a s s b y m e a n s o f t h e s o c i o g r a m t e c h n iq u e s .
5 3.
ORGANIZING:
E l e c t a good le a d e r
o r g a n i z a t i o n and th e n o p e ra te a s
to
conduct th e group
a u n it and f in d a
p u r p o s e an d them e f o r y o u r c a r n i v a l * D.
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s a S p o n s o r b y
p la c in g an X in
e ac h sp a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . 1*
( )
Have l e a d e r s h i p a b i l i t y .
2.
( )
A n a tu ra l o rg a n iz e r.
3.
( )
G rouped s t u d e n t s e f f e c t i v e l y .
4*.
(
5.
( )
A rran g ed fo r o p e r a tin g a s a u n i t .
6.
( }
S e le c te d a good l e a d e r .
7.
( )
Know t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e s o c i o g r a m .
8.
( )
E s t a b l i s h e d c o o p e r a t i o n am ong g r o u p s
9*
( )
R eco rd ed a l l p r o c e e d in g s .
(
)
)
S e l e c te d a good th em e.
T o ta l.
6
7 CHAPTER 2 .
EXECUTIVES
HOW TO SUPERVISE AND SCHEDULE THE ACTIVITIES OE THECARNIVAL A*
REWARDS t h a t w i l l come t o y o u a s a n E x e c u t i v e . 1.
COMPETING WITH THE BIG TOPS: a c tiv itie s sc h e d u le
When y o u s c h e d u l e t h e
o f your c a r n iv a l and se e t o
i s fo llo w e d ,
it
th a t th e
you w i l l fin d your c a rn iv a l* s
o r g a n i z a t i o n c o m p a r a b l e t o B a rn u m & B a i l e y * s C i r c u s . 2.
A GOOD LEADER:
L e a r n i n g how t o o r g a n i z e g r o u p s w i l l
g iv e you an o p p o r tu n ity t o g e t th e to s te p fo rw ard and ta k e o th e r 3.
e x p e rie n c e n eed ed
o v e r t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f some
school o rg a n iz a tio n .
GOOD CONTACTS:
B e in g a n E x e c u ti v e w i l l g i v e y o u a
c h a n c e t o m e e t i m p o r t a n t p e o p l e a n d m ake c o n t a c t s t h a t c a n b e o f a d v a n t a g e t o you* B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l e n a b l e y o u t o th e a c t i v i t i e s 1.
o f th e c a r n iv a l.
GETTING THE GO SIG N: a*
s u p e r v is e and s c h e d u le
How t o o b t a i n o f f i c i a l G K *s.
E in d o u t w h a t d a y s a r e a v a i l a b l e t o you on t h e sch o o l c a le n d a r.
b.
C h e ck w i t h t h e v a r i o u s d e p a r t m e n t h e a d s t o s e e w hat d a te s th e y can p a r t i c i p a t e .
c.
G et th e p r i n c i p a l * s p e rm is s io n t o th e a v a ila b le
d a te s .
use any one o f
KEEPING RECORDS: a.
How t o
ta b u la te
c a rn iv a l p ro ced u res.
C h o o s e so m e o n e o u t s i d e y o u r g r o u p t o
serv e as
se c re ta ry . b.
A ssig n r e s p o n s i b i l i t y
fo r re c o rd s to th e s e c re ta ry
o f th e E x e c u tiv e s . c.
K e e p a l l r e c o r d s o n t h e sa m e s i z e p a p e r f o r e f f i c ie n t f i l i n g .
d.
C o l l e c t w r i t t e n r e p o r t s fro m e a c h e x e c u tiv e on th e a c t i v i t i e s
e.
P ile
o f h is g ro u p .
th e se w r itte n r e p o r ts to g e th e r w ith th e
m in u te s o f your m e e tin g . f.
S a fe g u a rd your re c o rd s and m in u te s. (1 )
U se a s t e e l f i l e
c a b in e t i f p o s s ib le .
(2 )
C heck w i t h t h e o f f i c e
to se e w h e th e r or n o t
t h e y h a v e a n e x t r a c a b i n e t w h i c h y o u may b orrow . REPORTING PROGRESS:
How t o k e e p t r a c k
o f each g ro u p ’s
a c tiv itie s. a.
R ead r e p o r t s s u b m itte d by e a c h E x e c u tiv e a lo u d t o th e c o m m itte e .
b.
C heck t o s e e i f e a c h g ro u p h a s p r o g r e s s e d t o w h e re it
sh o u ld b e .
c.
A sk e a c h g r o u p l e a d e r i f h e n e e d s m o r e a s s i s t a n c e .
d.
R e p o r t a l l c h a n g e s d e c i d e d upon t o t h e w h o le g ro u p .
e.
D i s c u s s p o s s i b l e m e t h o d s t h a t may b e f o l l o w e d t o e x p e d ite th in g s .
f.
I n f o r m a l l g ro u p l e a d e r s t o p r o v i d e f o r som eone to ta k e t h e i r p la c e
g.
i f a b se n t.
S uggest p o s s ib le b o ttle n e c k s and ask fo r sugges t i o n s o n how t o a v o i d t h e m .
h.
P la n fo r a " s u g g e s tio n box” fo r g r ip e s .
SCHEDULING EVENTS:
How t o o k e e p t h i n g s g o i n g l i k e
c lo c k w o rk . a.
Make a m a s t e r s c h e d u l e s h e e t .
b.
P la n e v e n ts so t h a t th e
c ro w d h a s a n o p p o r t u n i t y
to ta k e in e v e ry th in g . c.
K eep t h e
c ro w d m o v in g b y s c h e d u l i n g e v e n t s a l t e r
n a te ly a t th e o p p o site ends o f th e c a r n iv a l. d.
U se a l o u d s p e a k e r t o r e p o r t w h e n e v e n t s a r e c o m in g u p .
e.
A r r a n g e f o r t h e p u b l i c i t y c o m m i t t e e t o p r i n t up sc h e d u le s h e e ts to be d i s t r ib u t e d t o
f.
t h e cro w d .
D on’t s c h e d u le any e v e n ts a t th e tim e o f
fin a l
s e l e c t i o n o f th e queen and k in g . CHOOSING THE LOCATION:
How t o s e l e c t t h e b e s t p l a c e
to have th e c a r n iv a l. a.
Go t o y o u r l o c a l w e a t h e r s t a t i o n a n d h a v e t h e m t e l l you th e p ro b a b le w e ath e r c o n d itio n s t h a t w ill p re v a il.
U se t h e
in f o r m a tio n o b ta in e d to d e te rm in e w h e th e r
an o u td o o r c a r n i v a l i s p e r m ls s a b le . P la n f o r an o u td o o r c a r n i v a l i f p o s s i b l e . (1 )
S c h o o l gyms a r e u s u a l l y t h e o n l y i n d o o r lo c a tio n and a c a r n iv a l c au se s e x c e s s iv e w e a r o n t h e gym f l o o r .
(2)
A v o i d u s i n g t h e gym s i n c e n e c e s s a r y p r e p a r a t i o n s and c le a n -u p w i l l p re v e n t i t s
use f o r
som e t i m e . S e l e c t th e m ost c e n t r a l l y l o c a t e d s i t e . Lay o u t th e
c a rn iv a l s i t e
on t h e
sc h o o l g ro u n d s
an d now here e l s e . K e e p i n m in d w h e n l o c a t i n g y o u r s i t e
any f i r e
h a z a r d s t h a t m ig h t e x i s t . T ry t o h a v e y o u r c a r n i v a l l o c a t e d on g r a s s r a th e r th a n lo o se d i r t . (1 )
L oose d i r t w i l l g iv e p e o p le t h e th a t th in g s a re n ’t
(2 )
im p re ssio n
c le a n .
P e o p le d i s l i k e w a lk in g i n
lo o se d i r t and
w o n ’t m ove a r o u n d a s m u c h . A v o id a w in d y l o c a t i o n . (1 )
W ind w i l l k n o c k down d e c o r a t i o n s .
(2 )
H a n g in g l i g h t s w i l l sw in g i n t h e w in d a n d w i l l g iv e th in g s a le a r y e f f e c t .
11 i.
I f a t a l l p o ss ib le ,
p la n fo r a lo c a tio n th a t i s
su rro u n d e d by b u ild in g s C.
or h a s a fe n c e or w a l l ,
A C TIV ITIES i n s u p e r v i s i n g a n d s c h e d u l i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e s o f th e c a r n i v a l, 1,
SCHEDULING: it
to h e lp p ic k a c a r n iv a l s i t e ,
a c tiv itie s , 2,
D e v ise a m a s te r s c h e d u le
SUPERVISING:
s h e e t and use
re g u la te
group
and check group p r o g r e s s . S u p e rv ise a l l
a c tiv itie s
and fu n c tio n s
o f th e c a r n iv a l and re c o rd your fin d in g s
so t h a t you
c a n c h e c k them, w i t h t h e m a s t e r s c h e d u l e . D.
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s a n E x e c u t i v e b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e a c h s p a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d .
.
(
O b t a i n e d o f f i c i a l OK*s.
2.
(
S e le c te d a c a p a b le s e c r e t a r y .
3.
(
C le a rly ta b u la te d
(
A rra n g e d f o r gro up r e p r e s e n t a t i o n a n d p r o g r e s s
1
4
.
c a rn iv a l p ro ced u res.
re p o rtin g . 5.
(
P r e p a r e d a sound m a s te r s c h e d u le .
6.
(
P la n n e d a c e n t r a l l y lo c a te d
7.
(
C hose t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e
(
T o ta l.
c a rn iv a l s i t e .
lo c a tio n .
12 CHAPTER 3 .
MONEY MINDERS
HOY/ TO HANDLE YOUR FINANCES AND KEEP OUT OF THE RED A.
REWARDS y o u w i l l e x p e r i e n c e f r o m s o u n d f i n a n c i n g . 1.
THE PAY OFF: c a rn iv a l,
Y/hen y o u h a n d l e t h e
you have an o p p o r tu n ity to keep i t
o f th e r e d and p r o f i t a b l e 2.
fin a n c e s o f th e
VALUES OF APPLICATION:
in
out
e v e r y w ay.
S e e in g t h e f u n c tio n s
in v o lv e d
i n h a n d l i n g t h e m o n ey o f t h e c a r n i v a l w i l l a i d y o u i n a b o o k k e ep in g c l a s s . 3.
PREPARATION FOR LATER L I F E :
K n o w in g t h e f i n a n c i a l
o p e ra tio n s o f your c a r n iv a l w i l l h e lp you to u n d e r s t a n d th e f i n a n c i a l p ro b le m s o f any o r g a n i z a t i o n or b u sin e ss l a te r 4.
in l i f e .
TRUSTWORTHINESS:
To b e c l a s s i f i e d a s w o r t h y a n d
h o n e s t b y y o u r a s s o c i a t e s may b e a l l t h a t i s n e c e s s a r y t o g e t y o u a n i m p o r t a n t p o s i t i o n i n som e o t h e r school fu n c tio n . B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l a i d y o u i n h a n d l i n g t h e c a r n i v a l ys fin a n c e s. 1.
OBTAINING CAPITAL: fo r o p e ra tio n o f th e a.
How t o p r o v i d e n e c e s s a r y f u n d s c a rn iv a l.
C heck r e c o r d s o f p a s t c a r n i v a l s t o g e t a n e s t i m ate o f t h e am ount o f w o r k in g c a p i t a l r e q u i r e d fo r your c a r n iv a l.
C o n s u lt y o u r p r i n c i p a l a b o u t b o rro w in g t h e am ount d e c id e d upon. A rrange w ith th e
le n d e r th e
l e n g t h o f tim e a llo w
ed f o r re p a y m en t. Be s u r e t o s e t t l e
on a f a i r
am ount o f i n t e r e s t .
T h e r e m ay b e a f u n d s e t a s i d e b y t h e p r i o r c a r n i v a ls
fo r ju s t th is
pu rp o se.
(1 )
In q u ir e about u sin g i t .
(2 )
I f th e re
i s no su ch fu n d ,
c o n sid e r s t a r t i n g
one. Don’t
d e la y a rra n g in g f o r fu n d s b ecau se t r a n s
a c tio n s
of t h is n a tu re u s u a lly r e q u ir e a lo t o f
tim e . A rran g e to k eep your fu n d s in a c h e c k in g a c c o u n t. C hannel a l l checks th ro u g h th e o f f i c e
for th e ir
o f f i c i a l CK a n d s i g n a t u r e . (1 )
(2 )
T h is i s n o t b e c a u se o f p o s s i b l e
d ish o n e sty
but to
c o n fo rm t o t h e s t r i c t
su p e rv isio n
of a ll
s c h o o l m on ey b y t h e t a x p a y e r s .
You w i l l h a v e e n o u g h r e s p o n s i b i l i t y w i t h o u t sh o u ld e rin g t h i s
See i f
one t o o .
you c a n ft have a s m a ll p e t t y
c a sh fund
f o r m in o r p u r c h a s e s . (1 )
K e e p r e c o r d s down t o t h e
l a s t penny.
(2)
K e e p t h e m oney i n t h e s c h o o l ’ s o f f i c e .
THE HARVEST:
How t o h a n d l e t h e p r o f i t s .
a.
D o u b l e c o u n t a l l m o n ey t a k e n
in .
b.
H a n d l e m o n ey o n l y i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f tw o o t h e r s .
c.
C o n s id e r no p l a c e
s a f e e n o u g h t o h o l d m o n ey b u t
th e sch o o l v a u lt. d.
N e v e r h a v e i d l e m oney a r o u n d f o r a s i n g l e m i n u t e . (1)
E ith e r
spend i t
or d e p o sit i t ,
but don’t
te m p t w i t h i t . (2 )
Your c a r n i v a l w i l l lo o k l i k e t h e w o rk o f p ro fe ssio n a ls
i f h a n d le d i n a b u s in e s s
l i k e m an n er. THE TICKETS:
How t o s a f e g u a r d t h e
tra n s fe r o f
m oney. a.
A rrange f o r t i c k e t s
to be used a s c u rre n c y in
a l l c a r n iv a l c o n c e ssio n s. b.
S e l e c t a n odd c o l o r t i c k e t t h a t c o u l d n ’t be e a s ily d u p lic a te d .
c.
Don’ t th e
d.
l e t t h e t i c k e t s b e s e e n u n t i l t h e tim e o f
c a rn iv a l.
T a k e down t h e n u m b e r o f t h e f i r s t se llin g
e.
tic k e t b efo re
it.
D e te rm in e w hat th e s a l e s an d i n t a k e s h o u ld be fro m t h e t i c k e t s a l e s . (1)
S u b t r a c t t h e num ber o f t h e f i r s t
tic k e t
s o ld fro m th e l a s t an d t h e
d iffe re n c e is
th e tic k e t s a le s . (2 )
U sin g t i c k e t s ta p e
f.
o r n u m b er r e c o r d e r
lik e th e
on a c a s h r e g i s t e r .
S e t up a c e n t r a l b o o t h f r o m w h i c h y o u s e l l tic k e ts
g.
i n t h i s m anner i s
and n o th in g e l s e .
P la c e th e b o o th i n a c e n t r a l l o c a t i o n w h ic h i s r e a d ily a c c e ssa b le to a l l .
h.
A rran g e fo r
tw o w in d o w s f r o m w h i c h t i c k e t p u r
c h a s e s m ay b e m a d e . i.
K eep t h r e e p e o p le i n th e t i c k e t b o o th a t a l l tim e s.
j .
A rran g e f o r a S e n tin e l to be n e a rb y and t o k eep a c l o s e w a t c h on a l l m oney,
k.
A rran g e fo r a f iv e c e n t and a te n c e n t t i c k e t w h ic h a r e d i f f e r e n t i n s i z e an d c o l o r .
1.
In fo rm b o o th o p e r a to r s t h a t th e y a r e n o t to a c c e p t m oney f o r a n y p u r c h a s e ,
m.
N e v e r m ake r e f u n d s f o r t i c k e t s . (1)
P e o p le w i l l be f o r c e d t o
spend th e t i c k e t s
th e y have. (2 )
T h is sa v e s a l o t tic k e ts
n.
o f m is ta k e s s in c e
lo o se
a re e a s ily l o s t .
In fo rm each c o n c e ssio n o p e ra to r t h a t t h e i r t a k e w i l l b e d e te r m in e d b y t h e num ber o f
in
tic k e ts o.
th e y tu r n
in .
In o rd er
to sa fe g u a rd t ic k e t s ,
w h ich t o
d ro p t i c k e t s .
(1)
have boxes in
E i t h e r h a v e t h e s h o p m ake b o x e s f o r y o u or use a t i n
(2)
can.
A g o o d t i c k e t c a n may b e made b y c u t t i n g a slit
in a la rg e
can a p o u rin g out i t s
c o n te n ts . (3 )
U sin g a c a n o f t h i s
ty p e m eans t h a t once
th e tic k e t goes in to th e
can i t m ust s t a y
t h e r e u n t i l t h e w h o le t h i n g i s t u r n e d i n to th e t i c k e t b o o th . p.
D o n ’ t k e e p a n y s i z a b l e su m o f m oney i n t h e t i c k e t b o o th . (1 )
T a k e m on ey t o t h e s c h o o l s a f e a s o f t e n a s n ecessary .
(2 )
R em em ber t h a t y o u w i l l b e h a n d l i n g l a r g e am o u n ts o f m oney s o y o u m u st t a k e e v e r y p re c a u tio n .
PROOFING:
How t o
e s ta b lis h a reco rd of a l l tr a n s
a c tio n s . a.
K eep a d o u b le s e t o f b o o k s i n w h ic h t o r e c o r d a ll
b.
tra n s a c tio n s.
G iv e o n e s e t o f b o o k s t o t h e o n e w ho i s h a n d l i n g t h e
o ffic e
or to th e
school re c o rd s.
c.
Make o u t r e c e i p t s
in t r i p l i c a t e
f o r a l l m oney
tra n s a c tio n s. (1 )
G iv e o n e r e c e i p t t o t h e
d e p o sito r or
b o r r o w e r , k e e p one f o r y o u r r e c o r d s ,
and
g iv e th e o r i g i n a l to th e o f f i c e . (2 )
A b s o l u t e l y do n o t a c c e p t a s i n g l e
cent
w ith o u t g iv in g a r e c e i p t . (3)
T he h a n d l i n g o f m o n ey i s t h e m o s t t o u c h e y p ro b le m o f t h e
c a r n iv a l and t h i s
a d u l t h e lp m ig h t be o f f e r e d ,
i s w here
b u t tr y to
a v o id t h i s . d.
K eep t h e b o o k s i n
i n k a n d n e v e r m ake e r a s u r e s
fo r any re a s o n . ALLOCATING FUNDS:
How t o
e q u ita b ly d is tr ib u te
funds
to v a rio u s g ro u p s. a.
R e c e iv e no p u r c h a s e o r d e r s from a n y g ro u p o th e r
b.
th a n th e p u r c h a s in g c o m m itte e .
D o n ' t d i s t r i b u t e m o n ey a l l i n o n e p l a c e b u t w a i t u n t i l y o u h a v e a n i d e a how m uch o t h e r gro up s w i l l w a n t.
c.
C a r r y on t r a n s a c t i o n s
i n th e form o f c h eck s
o n ly . (1 )
T h is w ay y ou a v o id any t r a n s f e r
o f m on ey
and th e p r e c a u tio n s a r e n 't n e a r l y so g re a t.
18 (2)
R em em ber t h a t e v e n t h e c a p i t a l n e c e s s a r y for
th e c a r n i v a l i s p la c e d i n a c h e c k in g
a c c o u n t* C*
ACTIVITIES i n m a n a g i n g m o n e y * 1*
CHECKING-:
A u d it th e r e c o r d s o f your s c h o o l’ s an d
o th e r s c h o o l’ s p re v io u s c a rn iv a ls and t r y your a b i l i t y a t fin a n c in g . 2.
GENUINE: m ake i t
3.
a p a y in g p r o p o s i t io n .
SUBSTITUTE: c la ss
D*
H a n d le t h e f i n a n c e s o f y o u r c a r n i v a l and
A s s is t in h a n d lin g th e
fin a n c e s o f your
o r some s c h o o l c l u b .
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s a M oney M i n d e r b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . 1.
( ) P ro v id e d c a r n iv a l w ith o p e ra tin g fu n d s .
2*
( ) O b ta in e d fu n d s i n a b u s i n e s s l i k e an d l e g a l m an n er.
3.
( ) Got an e a r l y s t a r t f o r o b t a i n i n g f u n d s .
4*
( ) P e r m i t t e d n o i d l e m oney t o l i e
5.
( )
6.
( ) R eco rd ed a l l b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s .
7.
( ) D is trib u te d funds f a i r l y
8.
( ) Made t i c k e t s t h e o n l y l e g a l t e n d e r .
9.
( ) G ra n te d no r e f u n d s .
10.
( )
P rep ared t ic k e t s fo r
aro u n d .
c a rn iv a l o p e ra tio n s .
to g ro u p s.
P ro v id e d d e p o s it boxes f o r a l l t i c k e t s
ta k e n in .
19 11.
(
)
A s s is te d in h a n d lin g th e fin a n c e s o f your c la s s o r som e o t h e r s c h o o l c l u b .
12.
(
)
K e p t o n l y a s m a l l a m o u n t o f m o ney i n t h e t i c k e t b o o th .
(
)
T o ta l.
20
r-
21
CHAPTER 4 .
PUBLICITY AGENTS
HOW TO ADVERTISE YOUR CARNIVAL AND PUT I T IN THE LIMELIGHT A.
REWARDS t h a t w i l l e v o l v e f r o m g o o d p u b l i c i t y t e c h n i q u e s . 1.
A HUGE CROWD:
An u n h e r a l d e d e v e n t i s a b o u t a s u n
s u c c e s s fu l as no even t a t a l l . have a t e r r i f i c
So i f y o u w a n t t o
c a r n i v a l t h a t i s k now n f a r a n d w i d e ,
d o n 't s l u f f o f f in th e m ost im p o rta n t a s p e c t o f show b u s i n e s s , p u b l i c i t y , 2.
GOOD IMPRESSIONS:
O b s e rv in g t h e d i f f e r e n t m eth o d s
o f p u b l i c i t y w i l l show y o u how t o i n f l u e n c e p e o p l e . 3.
EVIDENCE OE PROGRESS: n a lism
I f you have b een in a jo u r
c l a s s , w orked i n t h e p r i n t sh o p or a r t
d e p a r t m e n t , a n d h a v e n 't f o u n d m uch r e a l l i f e c a tio n s o f th e ir
a p p li
t e a c h i n g s , t h e n h e r e 's you a n sw e r,
a p u b lic ity a g e n t. 4.
GOOD FUTURE PROFESSIONS:
B e in g a p u b l i c i t y a g e n t
fo r a c a rn iv a l o ffe rs you fu tu re a d v e rtis e rs ,
jo u rn a lis ts,
or p u b l i c i s t s good e x p e rie n c e f o r your
fu tu re p ro fe ssio n . B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l a s s i s t y o u i n a d v e r t i s i n g y o u r c a rn iv a l. 1.
SETTING UP OPERATIONS:
How t o
o b ta in th e p ro p er
l o c a t i o n a n d e q u ip m e n t. a.
L o c a te a room t h a t you can u se p e rm a n e n tly .
b.
A rra n g e f o r a p o r t i o n o f th e
j o u r n a l i s m ro o m
i f n ecessary . c.
A v o id h a v i n g t o
s e t up a n d t a k e
down e q u i p m e n t
e v e r y tim e you u se a room . d.
Put a la rg e
s i g n on t h e do o r w h ic h r e a d s ,
" P u b lis h e r s O n ly ." e.
T alk to th e
j a n i t o r and see i f t h e r e
o ld s t o r e room you c a n f i x f.
g.
up f o r u s e .
A rra n g e f o r a t y p e w r i t e r fro m th e t y p i n g ro o m i f
i s n ' t som e
o ffic e or
a t a l l p o ss ib le .
O b ta in a s t e n c i l
OBTAINING ASSISTANCE:
or d i t t o m a c h in e . How t o a r r a n g e f o r t h e
c o o p e ra tio n of d e p a rtm e n ts. a.
C o n ta c t t h e P r i n t Shop te a c h e r and
see i f
he
w i l l do y o u r p r i n t i n g . b.
T r y t o h a v e o n e o f y o u r g r o u p who h a s h a d P r i n t S h o p t o do y o u r p r i n t i n g .
c.
A sk t h e a r t t e a c h e r i f y o u c a n m ake p o s t e r s i n t h e a r t room .
d.
S e l e c t som e a r t s t u d e n t o r so m e o n e y o u know i s g o o d a t d r a w i n g t o m ake y o u r p o s t e r s .
COMMUNITY" HELP: a.
C h e c k w i t h m e r c h a n t s t o s e e i f y o u may p l a c e p o ste rs in
b.
How t o a d v e r t i s e t h r o u g h m e r c h a n t s .
t h e i r w in d o w s.
P la c e p o s te r s
i n t h e w in d o w s o f m e r c h a n t ' s s t o r e s .
c.
A sk t h e l o c a l p a p e r s t o r u n a n a d v e r t i s e m e n t " g r a t i s ” fo r you.
d.
W rite or phone r a d io s t a t i o n s an d se e i f th e y w i l l p u t i n a w ord f o r y o u .
e.
P la c e p o s t e r s on m ilk tr u c k s
or any o th e r
sim ila r v e h ic le s . f.
Grain p e r m i s s i o n f r o m g a s s t a t i o n a t t e n d a n t s t o p la c e p o s te r s
in th e ir
DISPATCHING LEAFLETS:
s ta tio n s .
How t o
g e t a w id e r d i s t r i
b u tio n o f h a n d b ills . a.
Pass
o u t l e a f l e t s t o b e d i s t r i b u t e d b y h o m eroo m
te a c h e rs. b.
A rran g e t o have s t o r e
c le rk s pass o u t l e a f l e t s
w ith p u rch ases. c.
G iv e l e a f l e t s
to paper boys to p la c e in th e
p a p e rs th e y d e liv e r . d.
D istrib u te
e.
L eave l e a f l e t s i n b o x e s i n v a r i o u s p l a c e s on th e (1)
le a fle ts
in p ark ed c a r s .
cam p u s a n d i n t o w n . P la c e a la r g e s ig n ,
" F r e e ,” above th e
box. (2 )
M ost p e o p le w i l l t a k e s o m e th in g m ark ed " F r e e ” w h e re a s t h e y w o u ld n ’ t ta k e o th e rw ise .
it
A MOBILE UNIT:
How t o a d v e r t i s e b y u s i n g a l o u d
s p e a k e r on a tr u c k a.
or c a r .
C heck w i t h l o c a l m e r c h a n ts t o s e e
if
th e re
is
an a d v e r tis in g v e h ic le a v a i l a b l e . b.
D e c o ra te th e v e h ic le w ith c o l o r f u l c a r n i v a l a d v e rtis e m e n ts •
c.
Tow a t r a i l e r
on w h ic h you h a v e p l a c e d b i g
p o ste rs. d.
Make p h o n o g r a p h r e c o r d s t h a t y o u m ay u s e t o a d v e rtis e w ith . (1 )
Your v o ic e
tire s
q u ic k ly and a re c o rd
sa v es th e v o c a l " c h o rd s ." (2 )
W i t h a r e c o r d y o u w i l l h a v e m o re c o n s i s te n c y and l e s s
(3 )
G ood s o u n d e f f e c t s w h ic h w o u ld n ft
e.
erro rs. can be p la c e d on re c o rd s
o th e rw is e be p o s s i b l e .
I f y o u w a n t t o m ake p e o p l e f e e l l i k e th e c a rn iv a l i s
a d u ty ,
th en t e l l
g o in g t o
th e m t h e y w i l l
d o n a t e t o so m e o n e o r s o m e t h i n g i f t h e y g o . (1)
I n s t e a d t e l l p e o p le w hat th e y p e r s o n a l l y w i l l g a in ;
(2 )
a good tim e ,
am u sem en t, e t c .
A good sa le sm a n d o e s n ft a s k you t o buy so m e th in g ; he o n ly t e l l s re c e iv e
if
you do.
you w hat you w i l l
25 6*
PLACING POSTERS:
How t o l o c a t e y o u r a d v e r t i s i n g
p o ste rs e ffe c tiv e ly . a.
P la c e p o s te rs in
e v e ry c la s s ro o m and e v e ry sh o p .
b.
L o c a te a p o s t e r o v er d r in k in g f o u n t a i n s .
c.
S e l e c t c o n sp ic u o u s p la c e s w h ere you w i l l r e a c h th e m ost p e o p le .
d.
A v o id w in d y l o c a t i o n s .
e.
U se s c o t c h t a p e t o h a n g p o s t e r s o n p a i n t e d o r p la s te re d w a lls , never n a ils .
7.
?v T0 R 3 )
OP MOUTH:
How t o a d v e r t i s e t h r o u g h c o n v e r s a
tio n s . a.
W a tc h f o r g r o u p s o f s t u d e n t s a n d t h e n c a s u a l l y d i r e c t t h e c o n v e r s a t io n aro u n d t o
th e school
c a rn iv a l. (1)
S ta te t h a t you have h e ard th a t th e c a r n iv a l is
(2)
a ”don’t m is s .”
I m p l y t h a t m any s t u d e n t s a r e g o i n g : lik e
8.
t o ” g e t on t h e band w a g o n .”
PUBLICITY GAGS: tic k le a.
p e o p le
How t o
th e p u b l i c s
use y o u r o r i g i n a l i t y t o
funny bone.
D r e s s a b i g d o g a n d h a n g p o s t e r s on e a c h s i d e o f h im .
b.
s t a g e a good fa k e f i g h t on t h e
sc h o o l g ro u n d s
i n o r d e r t o g e t a cro w d , t h e n s t o p and a d v e r t i s e your c a r n i v a l .
26 c.
W ith t h e p e r m i s s i o n o f a t e a c h e r , p l a c e p o ste r
on t h e w a l l map a n d t h e n r o l l t h e map
up w i t h t h e p o s t e r d.
a
in sid e
of i t .
A sk t h e t e a c h e r t o p r e t e n d t h a t i t s u r p r i s e t o h im w hen h e p u l l s
is
a ll a
down t h e map a n d
d is c lo s e s th e p o s te r. e.
E n c o u r a g e t h e Showmen t o s t a g e v a r i o u s a c t s fo r p u b lic ity .
f.
Remember t h a t t h e r e i s p l e n t y o f o p p o r t u n i t y f o r y o u r own i d e a s .
C.
A C TIV ITIES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u p u t y o u r c a r n i v a l i n t h e p u b lic ^ 1.
eye.
HERALDING:
A d v e r t i s e y o u r c a r n i v a l t o t h e maximum
by u sin g a l l p o s s ib le 2.
BORROWING- IDEAS:
fa c ilitie s .
E v a lu a te and copy th e a d v e r t i s i n g
te c h n iq u e s used c o m m e rc ia lly . 3.
EXPERIMENTING:
T ry o u t your a d v e r t i s i n g
i d e a s on
t h e s c h o o l g r o u n d s b e f o r e y o u e x p o s e th e m t o t h e p u b lic . D.
CHECK-UP on y o u r s e l f a s a P u b l i c i t y A g e n t b y p l a c i n g a n X i n t h e s p a c e s f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . 1.
( )
P ro v id e d y o u r s e l f w ith a good p la c e to
2.
( )
A rran g ed f o r d e p a rtm e n ta l c o o p e ra tio n .
3.
( )
G a in e d t h e
a s s is ta n c e o f m e rc h a n ts.
w ork.
27 4.
G ot a w id e d i s t r i b u t i o n
of le a fle ts .
5.
U sed a m o b ile u n i t f o r a d v e r t i s i n g .
6.
D isp la y e d p o s te r s c o n sp ic u o u s ly .
7.
P r a c t i c e d t h e a r t o f good s a le s m a n s h ip .
8.
P la n n e d good p u b l i c i t y g a g s.
9.
B orrow ed c o m m e rc ia l t e c h n i q u e s o f a d v e r t i s i n g .
10.
A d v e rtis e d your c a r n iv a l w id e ly .
11.
Show ed t h e p u b l i c how t h e y w o u l d g a i n f r o m t h e c a rn iv a l. )
T o ta l.
88
PART I I .
OPERATING CONCESSIONS
HOW TO PROVIDE ENTERTAINMENT PLUS C o n c e ssio n s a r e th e backbone o f any c a r n i v a l , b u t good snappy c o n c e s s io n s w ith p l e n t y o f g a i e t y and th e s t a f f o f life ,
fo o d ,
are n o t easy to be had.
I f you care to d isc o v e r
ways f o r p r o v i d in g j u s t s u c h c o n c e s s io n s th e n you s h o u ld r e a d th e fo llo w in g th re e c h a p te r s .
29 CHAPTER 5 .
CONCESSIONAIRES
HOW TO ARRANGE FOR SNAEPY CONCESSIONS A*
REWARDS t h a t “w i l l pome t o y o u a s a c o n c e s s i o n a i r e . 1.
SUCCESSIVELY GOOD CARNIVALS: and i n t e r e s t i n g an even L e t te r
2.
A rra n g in g fo r sn ap p y
c o n c e ssio n s t h is
y e a r w i l l g u a ra n te e
c a r n iv a l n e x t year*
L IF E OF THE PARTY:
G e t t i n g t h e low d o w n on how t o
s e l e c t a n d p u t on g o o d c o n c e s s i o n s w i l l p r o v i d e y o u w i t h a fe w i d e a s t h a t s h o u l d g i v e y o u w h a t i t
ta k e s
to p u t over and e n liv e n a p a rty * 3*
MAXIMUM VARIETY:
As a c o n c e s s i o n a i r e y o u c a n p r o
v id e your c a r n iv a l w ith a la r g e a s s o rtm e n t o f e n te r ta in m e n t and g a in th e
c o m p lete s a t i s f a c t i o n
o f th e
a u d ie n c e * B*
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u a r r a n g e f o r g o o d s n a p p y c o n c e ssio n s * 1*
VARIETY:
How t o g e t a n i n t e r e s t i n g a s s o r t m e n t o f
b o o th s* a.
Make up a l i s t
of a l l th e
b o o th s you can th in k b*
d if f e r e n t k in d s o f
o f*
R e q u e st any g roup o b ta in in g a b o o th to d ire c tio n s lis te d *
fo r
su b m it
a ty p e o f b o o th n o t a lr e a d y
c.
C h e c k -w ith o t h e r s c h o o l s a n d g e t som e i d e a s f r o m th e m f o r b o o t h s *
d*
R ead b o o k s on t h e some o f t h e i r
e.
c a r n i v a l o r c i r c u s an d try -
id eas*
T ry to s e l e c t b o o th s t h a t w i l l p ro v id e a v a r i e t y o f e n te rta in m e n t.
f.
A sk s t u d e n t s t o th e ir
g*
check w i t h t h e i r p a r e n t s t o g e t
id e a s.
Make a t o u r
o f y o u r to w n a n d a s k m e r c h a n t s f o r
su g g e stio n s. (1)
T h is can h av e a tw o fo ld p u r p o s e , v a r i e t y and p u b l i c i t y .
(£ )
P e o p l e who f e e l t h e y h a v e h a d some p a r t i n t h e e v e n t w i l l b e m uch m o re l i k e l y t o a tte n d .
LOCATING- CONCESSIONS:
How t o p l a c e b o o t h s i n t h e
b e s t a rra n g e m e n t. a.
L o c a te t h e t i c k e t b o o t h a s t h e hub o f a w h e e l and have t h e
b.
o th e r b o o th s a rra n g e d aro u n d i t .
T ry t o a r r a n g e b o o th s so t h a t th e y a r e f a i r l y c lo s e (1 )
to g e th e r. When b o o t h s a r e
c lo s e to g e th e r,
t h e w h o le
a f f a i r w i l l se em m ore l i v e l y . (2)
T h i s w i l l a l s o k e e p t h e c ro w d m o v in g f r o m b o o th t o b o o th .
c.
A rra n g e b o o t h s so t h a t a n am usem ent c o n c e s s i o n i s l o c a t e d b e tw e e n fo o d c o n c e s s i o n s .
DISTRIBUTING BOOTHS:
How t o
a l l o t b o o th s t o th e
v a rio u s g ro u p s. a.
C onduct an a u c t i o n and g iv e b o o th s to th e h ig h e s t b id d e r,
b.
L ease b o o th s o u t to v a r io u s c lu b s and c la s s e s on t h e (1)
cam pus.
T h i s s h o u l d g i v e g r o u p s m o re o f a p e r s o n a l i n t e r e s t in t h e i r b o o th s.
(2)
L e a s i n g b o o t h s may n o t b e a t a l l n e c e s s a r y i f you have s e l e c te d a good p u rp o se f o r your c a r n iv a l.
c.
Take b i d s on b o o th s i n t h e
fo rm o f p ro m is e s t o
w ork on a c e r t a i n p e r c e n t a g e . OUTSIDE AMUSEMENT:
How t o p l a n f o r
c o m m u n ity
a ssista n c e . a.
C heck a ro u n d to w n a n d s e e
i f th e re
i s anyone
who w i l l b e y o u r m u s i c i a n . b.
C h e c k w i t h c o m m u n ity c l u b l e a d e r s a n d a s k f o r th e ir
CHECKING:
a ssista n c e ,
i f you d e s i r e
it.
How t o k e e p t r a c k o f t h e p r o g r e s s o f t h e
b o o th s p o n s o rs . a.
R e q u est each b o o th sp o n so r to
su b m it a s h o r t
b u t c o m p le te r e p o r t o f t h e i r p r o g r e s s a t r e g u l a r in te rv a ls. b.
A rran g e f o r any n e c e s s a r y h e lp t h a t th e
b o o th
s p o n s o r s m ay n e e d . c.
I n f o r m t h e b o o t h s p o n s o r s t h a t t h e y m ay o b t a i n th e h e lp of th e D e c o ra to rs .
d.
K eep p u s h i n g t h e b o o th s p o n s o r s so t h a t y o u w onf t have a l a s t m in u te r u s h t o g e t t h i n g s c o m p le te d .
e.
F o llo w t h e m a s te r s c h e d u le t o (1)
th e l e t t e r .
A llo w f o r n o d e v i a t i o n e x c e p t b y o f f i c i a l p e rm iss io n .
(2)
T h i s s h o u l d p r e v e n t a n y o v e r l a p i n sh o w s and w i l l k e e p cro w d s fro m fo rm in g o u t s i d e o f e n te r ta in m e n t room s.
PURCHASING:
How t o p r o v i d e b o o t h s w i t h t h e n e c e s
s a r y c o m m o d itie s . a.
S u b m it a l l r e q u e s t s f o r p u r c h a s e s t o t h e m itte e
com
on p u r c h a s i n g .
b.
Make p u r c h a s e o r d e r s o u t i n d u p l i c a t e .
c.
K e e p one c o p y f o r y o u r own r e c o r d .
d.
C heck w i t h t h e P u r c h a s e r s a s t o t h e c o s t o f a n y ite m s you w a n t.
e.
E sta b lish a d e fin ite ite m s.
d e l i v e r y d a t e on p u r c h a s e d
f.
A rran g e f o r p u rc h a s e s w e ll i n advance o f th e tim e n e e d e d ,
g.
A v o id b u y in g a n y t h i n g t h a t i s (1 )
R em em ber t h a t t h e p r o f i t s o f t h e lie
(2 )
u n n ecessary . c a rn iv a l
i n w ise p u rc h a s in g .
To o b t a i n t h e m a r g i n o f p r o f i t y o u m u s t s u b tr a c t p u rc h a se s from s a l e s .
BOOTH CONSTRUCTION:
How t o
o b ta in j u s t th e k in d o f
b o o th you w a n t. a.
R o u g h l y s k e t c h a b o o t h on p a p e r .
b.
L o c a te a l l d e s i r e d d im e n s io n s on t h e d ra w in g o f th e b o o th .
c.
C heck w i t h t h e b u i l d e r s a s t o t h e s i z e
lim its
th e y s p e c if y . d.
Make y o u r d r a w i n g s a s d e t a i l e d a s n e c e s s a r y t o convey th e th o u g h t.
e.
S e t a d e a d lin e d a te w ith th e
b u ild e rs as to
w hen you n e e d y o u r b o o th c o m p le te d . f.
P l a c e d e a d l i n e d a t e s on t h e m a s t e r s c h e d u l e a n d se e t h a t th e y a r e m e t.
CROWD MOVEMENT:
How t o k e e p t h e
c ro w d g o i n g f r o m
b o o th to b o o th . a.
S c h e d u le t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f p la y s and so f o r t h a l t e r n a t e l y a t o p p o site ends o f th e c a r n iv a l g ro u n d s.
34 b.
W a t c h w h e r e t h e c ro w d i s tis e
c.
c e n te r e d and th e n a d v e r
th e b o o th s t h a t a r e o p p o s it e t h e cro w d .
B ro a d ca st th e
c o m in g e v e n t s
over th e p u b lic
a d d re s s s y s te m . d.
U se t h e p u b l i c a d d r e s s
s y s te m t o c o n t r o l cro w d
m o v em en t• C.
ACTIV ITIES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u t o a r r a n g e f o r g o o d c o n c e ssio n s. 1.
BORROWED IDEAS:
Go t o a l o c a l a m u s e m e n t p a r k a n d
p i c k o u t i d e a s a n d t e c h n i q u e s an d i n c o r p o r a t e th e m i n t o y o u r own c a r n i v a l . 2.
AMUSEMENT SURPLUS:
S e le c t in te r e s tin g
and l o c a te and d i r e c t th e
c o n c e ssio n s
o p e ra tio n s o f th e b o o th s
t o make t h e s e c o n c e s s i o n s a s u c c e s s . D.
CHECK-UP on y o u r s e l f a s a C o n c e s s i o n a i r e b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e ac h sp a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . 1.
(
)
A v o id e d s i m i l a r b o o t h s .
£.
(
)
G a in e d c o o p e r a t i o n o f m e r c h a n t s .
3.
( )
P rep ared a l i s t
4.
( )
L o c a te d b o o th s c lo s e
5.
( )
S e p a ra te d fo o d c o n c e ssio n s.
6.
( )
C hecked fo r
7.
( )
O b ta in e d o u t s i d e a m u sem en t.
of p o s s ib le b o o th s. to g e th e r.
o u t s i d e am u sem en t.
8
.
9.
35 Know p u r c h a s i n g t e c h n i q u e s . C le a r ly d e s c rib e d b o o th c o n s t r u c t io n .
10 .
M et d e a d l i n e
11.
C o n t r o l l e d c ro w d m o v e m e n t.
12 .
V i s i t e d l o c a l am usem ent p a r k s .
(
T o ta l.
d a te s on m a s te r s c h e d u le .
36 CHAPTER 6 .
SHOWMEN
HOW TO PRODUCE SIDE SHOWS LOADED WITH ENTERTAINMENT A*
REWARDS t h a t w i l l u n f o l d t o y o u a s a Show m an. 1.
BETTER REPUTATION:
A s u c c e s s fu l c a rn iv a l w ith in
t e r e s t i n g b o o t h s w i l l m ake a g o o d name f o r y o u a n d your sc h o o l. 2.
GREATER RETURNS: fill
3.
Y o u r k e e n n e s s a s a Showman w i l l
t h e s t r o n g box w i t h l e t t u c e .
A NOTCH HIGHER ON THE SOCIAL LADDER: s u c c e s s f u l c o n c e ssio n w i l l r a i s e
D ire c tin g a
your s o c ia l s ta tu s
by le a p s and bounds. 4.
THE DRAWING CARD:
A c a r n iv a l t h a t i s lo a d e d w ith
e n t e r t a i n m e n t w i l l d ra w a b i g g e r c ro w d a n d g u a r a n t e e a b i g come b a c k n e x t y e a r . B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u p r o d u c e e n t e r t a i n i n g s i d e show s. 1.
CROWNING:
How t o p r e s e n t t h e q u e e n a n d k i n g c o n
c e ssio n . a.
Make t h e c r o w n i n g o f k i n g a n d q u e e n t h e m a i n a c tiv ity
b.
o f th e
c a rn iv a l.
A v o id s c h e d u l i n g a n y o t h e r a c t i v i t y a t t h e tim e o f t h i s a f f a i r .
c.
A r r a n g e a s e t u p w h e r e b y a n y o n e m ay b e c o m e a
n o m in e e f o r k i n g o r q u e e n i f s i g n a t u r e s on an e n tr a n c e th e
th e y have tw e n ty
fo rm one w eek b e f o r e
c a rn iv a l.
d.
C h arg e a b o u t one p e n n y f o r e v e r y t e n v o t e s .
e.
B u i l d up a f i n a l a n d e x c i t i n g c o n c l u s i o n a s t h e c lo c k re a c h e s th e z e ro h o u r.
f.
S to p im m e d ia te ly a t th e
so u n d o f a gong and
a l l o w n o m o re v o t e s . g.
Sound tru m p e ts an d b u g le s a t th e c ro w n in g o f t h e r o y a l c o u p le .
h.
P r e p a r e l a r g e a n d e x p e n s i v e c ro w n s f o r b o t h k in g and q ueen.
i.
P r e s e n t a c o l o r f u l a c t i v i t y w h i c h t h e new m onarchs r e i g n o v e r .
j.
O b ta in t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e band i n t h i s a c tiv ity .
FISHING POND: a.
How t o
s u p p ly an a n g le r * s p a r a d i s e .
C o n d u c t a c a m p a i g n t o o b t a i n a n y i t e m s t h a t m ay be used as p r i z e s .
b.
A c c e p t a n y th in g from a b i r d
c a g e t o a d ia m o n d
rin g . c.
G et any c o n tr i b u ti o n s th e l o c a l m e rc h a n ts or to w n sp e o p le h a v e .
d.
A sk s t u d e n t s t o b r i n g a n y t h i n g t h e y d o n f t w a n t f r o m h o m e.
e.
A s so rt th e
c o n tr i b u tio n s i n t o v a r io u s p i l e s and
m ake p i l e s o f a b o u t e q u a l v a l u e * f.
P la c e a num ber o n e a c h p i l e .
g.
L o c a te a t i c k e t
i n a b a g t o m a tc h t h e num ber on
th e p i l e . h.
L eave bags i n a c o n ta in e r
and a rra n g e t h i n g s so
t h a t t h e b a g s c a n b e p i c k e d up b y a h o o k o n a strin g . THREE STRIKES:
How t o s e t up a b a s e b a l l b o o t h .
a.
Make m i l k b o t t l e s o u t o f w o o d .
b.
P a i n t th em t o r e s e m b l e m i l k b o t t l e s .
c.
G et an o ld ru g t o
d.
B o rrow a l a r g e
e.
U se k e w p i e d o l l s ,
f.
A rrange f o r
g.
O b t a i n b a s e b a l l s f r o m t h e gym o r t r y
use a s a b a c k s to p .
ta b le
to s e t th e b o ttle s on.
e tc .,
as p riz e s.
a good b a rk e r f o r your b o o th . to
get
th em fro m hom e. DARTS:
How t o
arra n g e fo r a b a llo n b u s tin g
c o n c e ssio n . a.
U se a r u g a s a b a c k b o a r d f o r
b.
S uspend b a ll o n s on s t r i n g s .
c.
P la c e a l i t t l e (1)
F lo u r
d a rts.
b i t o f flo u r in each b a llo n .
i n a b a l l o n g i v e s m uch m o r e o f a n
e f f e c t when t h e b a l l o n i s b u r s t e d .
(2 )
B a llo n s w on’t
bo b l o w n a r o u n d b y t h e w i n d
a s m uch i f t h e y h a v e a l i t t l e
so m e th in g
t o h o l d th e m dow n . d.
A sk s t u d e n t s
t o b r i n g d a r t s f r o m hom e.
e.
P a i n t f a c e s on b a l l o n s a n d e v e n p u t n a m e s o n th em f o r l a u g h s .
f.
K eep a p a i n t b r u s h h a n d y an d p u t nam es o n t h e b a llo n s a t re q u e s ts .
HAIR RA ISIN G : a*
How t o p l a n a ’’h o u s e o f h o r r o r s . ”
Go t o t h e l o c a l f u n s h o p a n d o b t a i n a n y m a s k s th a t
se e m a p p r o p r i a t e .
b.
U se r u b b e r m a s k s w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e .
c.
A sk t h e a r t d e p a r t m e n t t o m ake c l a y i m i t a t i o n s o f gru eso m e c h a r a c t e r s .
d.
L o c a te th e
”h o u se o f h o r r o r s ” i n a d a rk room .
e.
H ave o n l y a f a i n t g r e e n o r p u r p l e
lig h t to
illu m in a te th in g s . f.
U se p h o s p h o r u s p a i n t on p l a c e s t h a t y o u w a n t t o sta n d o u t.
g.
G et a c a t an d c o v e r i t w ith p h o sp h o ru s d u s t .
h.
K e e p t h e ro o m t o o d a r k t o a l l o w v i s i b i l i t y th e f i r s t (1)
fo r
few m i n u t e s .
P e o p l e ’ s e y e s t a k e a fe w m i n u t e s t o a d j u s t to d a rk n e ss. fo r
( U s u a lly a b o u t tw e n ty m in u te s
c o m p le te a d j u s t m e n t .)
(2)
T h i n g s w i l l b e m uch m o re f r i g h t e n i n g a s t h e y g r a d u a l l y b ecom e v i s i b l e ,
i.
U se a r e c o r d m a c h i n e f o r p r e s e n t i n g w e i r d s o u n d e ffe c ts.
COMEDY SHOW:
How t o p r o v i d e p e o p l e w i t h l o a d s o f
la u g h te r. a.
O b ta in jo k e books f o r gags t o
use.
b.
Check w i t h t h e dram a t e a c h e r f o r
c.
K eep a l l
d.
P l a n f o r m o r e t h a n o n e co m e d y a c t .
id e a s.
c o m ed y a c t s s h o r t .
RING- SIDE SEATS:
How t o h a v e t h e P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n
D e p artm en t p a r t i c i p a t e . a.
S c h e d u le a b o x in g m a tc h .
b.
A rra n g e one m a in m a tc h an d one p r e l i m i n a r y .
c.
B u i l d up t h e m a i n b o u t a s a ” g r u d g e f i g h t . ”
d.
S ta g e a w r e s t l i n g m atch and copy t h e
tric k s
used p r o f e s s i o n a l l y . THEATRE TIME: a.
How t o p l a n f o r a m o v i e .
O b t a i n a g o o d m o v ie t h r o u g h t h e t e a c h e r i n c h a r g e o f film s .
b.
K e e p f i l m s s h o r t a n d o f a co m e d y n a t u r e .
c.
Throw i n p i c t u r e s t a k e n a r o u n d t h e
H IT THE BULL’ S EYE:
sc h o o l.
How t o s e t up a n a i r r i f l e
c o n c e ssio n . a.
R equest th a t
stu d e n ts b rin g a ir r i f l e s
f r o m h o m e.
41 b.
O b ta in o ld l i g h t b u lb s f o r t a r g e t s .
c.
Have t h e a r t s t u d e n t s d raw a p i c t u r e o f a b u l l . (1)
U se l i g h t b u l b s a s t h e
eyes.
(2 )
O t h e r f i g u r e s a s w e l l a s a b u l l may b e u s e d a ls o .
(3 )
P ra c tic e th e p ro ced u res
u sed by co m m erc ial
c o n c e s s i o n s d u r i n g t h e w ar w hen t h e y u se d c a r i c a t u r e s o f H i t l e r and T o jo . d.
L o c a te a b a c k sto p f o r th e
e.
S a feg u a rd th e h a n d lin g o f th e
f.
P r o v i d e f o r a m o v in g t a r g e t .
g. 10.
c o n c e ssio n . a ir r i f l e s .
(1 )
F l o a t i n g b u lb s i n w a te r i s one e x a m p le .
(2 )
U se a p e n d u lu m s e t u p f o r a m o v in g t a r g e t .
S ecu re a u to l i g h t b u lb s fo r
ASSORTLHSUTS:
How t o s e t
sm a ll t a r g e t s .
up v a r i o u s o t h e r a m u s e m e n t
c o n c e ssio n s. a.
A v o id a n y gam es o f c h a n c e a s s u c h . (1 )
P l a n a l l gam es a s s k i l l g am es,
even to
c h o o s in g t h e r i g h t num ber on a r o u l e t t e w h e e l. (2 )
You s h o u l d b e f u l l y a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e fe e lin g s of th e c e rta in
b.
A rran g e f o r
c o m m u n ity i n r e g a r d s t o
ty p e s o f gam es. a g y p sie
h er w ith a la r g e
fo rtu n e
t e l l e r and p ro v id e
c ry sta l b a ll.
(A f i s h b o w l . )
c.
P o s t a s ig n o u ts id e a b o o th ,
" f o r men o n l y , "
and th e n h av e a box in t h e b o o th w ith j u s t a p a ir
d.
of su sp en d ers.
P la n a f r e a k show w i t h an a sso r tm e n t o f l i v i n g and dead o d d i t i e s . (1 )
L ab el one d e m o n stra tio n a s th e
" p e trifie d
b a t s " a n d t h e n h a v e a b o x w i t h tw o o r d i n a r y b ric k b a ts (2)
in sid e .
C h e ck w i t h t h e l o c a l f u n h o u s e f o r t h e i r su g g e stio n s.
(3)
A rrang e f o r a s tu d e n t to b a rk and a c t as " J o J o , th e dog f a c e d b o y ."
C.
ACTIVITIES t h a t w i l l p r o d u c e s i d e
sh o w s l o a d e d w i t h
e n t e r t a in m e n t. 1.
LOADS OF LAUGHTER:
F o llo w t h e s u g g e s t i o n s o f f e r e d
and p ro v id e your c a r n iv a l p u b lic w ith e n te r ta i n in g c o n c e ssio n s. 2.
ACTIVE PARTICIPATION: by a n o th e r
s c h o o l or e v en a co m m erc ial c a r n i v a l and
a s s i s t th e m i n 3.
c o n d u c tin g t h e i r am usem ent c e n t e r s .
EXPERIMENTAL GROUND: it
A tte n d a c a r n i v a l p r e s e n te d
P ro d u ce a s id e
show a n d t r y
o u t on y o u r ho m ero o m o r p a r t y f r i e n d s t o
i t w i l l go o v e r .
s e e how
D.
CHBCK-UP on y o u r s e l f a s a Showman b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e a c h sp a c e w here you q u a l i f i e d . 1*
( ) C o n d u c te d a q u e en a n d k i n g c o n c e s s i o n .
2.
( ) P la n n e d n o th in g d u rin g th e
3.
( ) O b ta in e d c o n t r i b u t i o n s f o r t h e f i s h p o n d .
4.
( ) A rranged f o r a d a r t c o n c e s s io n .
5.
( ) Made t h e h o u s e o f h o r r o r s r e a l i s t i c .
6.
( ) L o a d e d c o m e d y sh o w s w i t h l a u g h t e r .
7.
( ) V isite d
8.
( ) L o c a te d b a s e b a l l c o n c e s s io n i n a s a f e p l a c e .
9.
( ) A v o id e d a l l gam es o f c h a n c e a s s u c h .
10. (
o th e r
c a rn iv a ls.
( ) C a r e f u l l y w a tc h e d t h e )
T o ta l.
c ro w n in g o c c a s io n
use o f a i r
rifle s.
44
45 CHAPTER 7 .
HUNGER SQUELCHERS
HOW TO PREPARE A BOOTH THAT SELLS MOUTH-WATERING MORSELS A.
REWARDS t h a t you, w i l l r e c e i v e a s f o o d c o n c e s s i o n a i r e s . 1.
A FULL T IL L :
Good f o o d b r i n g s b i g s a l e s a n d b i g
s a l e s m ea n l a r g e p r o f i t s . 2.
THE RESPECT OF THE PUBLIC:
Good f o o d w i n s y o u r
c u s to m e r’ s r e s p e c t and a d m ir a tio n and he w i l l f e e l t h a t th e c a r n iv a l i s
a g o o d w h o le s o m e a c t i v i t y n o t
d e s ig n e d m e r e ly t o f i l c h h i s m oney. 3.
FIRST HAND EXPERIENCE:
H e re ’s an o p p o rtu n ity to
t r y y o u r h a n d a s a s a l e s m a n o r c h e f w h i c h m ay b e t h e e x p e rie n c e t h a t w i l l g u id e you i n t o
your fu tu re
p ro fe ssio n . 4.
A PARTT LEADER:
L e a rn in g th e te c h n iq u e
used i n
fe e d in g a c a r n iv a l p u b lic w i l l p r e p a r e you f o r p u t t i n g on a b i g p a r t y a t home o r o n e f o r la rg e b u sin e ss B.
some
or c lu b g ro u p .
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u t o p r o v i d e t h o s e m o u t h w a te rin g m o rse ls. 1.
OLD FAVORITES:
How t o p r o v i d e a n i c e c r e a m a n d
pop c o n c e s s io n . a.
Check f o r t h e lik e ly
b.
e x p e c te d a u d ie n c e t h a t w i l l be
to a tte n d .
N o te t h e w e a t h e r
c o n d itio n s t h a t sh o u ld p r e v a i l .
(le e o.
cream w e a th e r
i s h o t w e a th e r.)
A rrang e fo r a r e f r i g e r a t i o n
box. t o k e e p i c e
o r earn i n . (1 )
A sk t h o s e i n c h a r g e o f t h e
c a fe te ria
if
y o u may u s e t h e i r r e f r i g e r a t o r . A n e a r b y r e s t a u r a n t may b e o f a s s i s t a n c e .
(2)
d.
Make a l l p u r c h a s e s w i t h t h e a g r e e m e n t t h a t y o u m ay r e t u r n t h e m .
e.
U se t h e sa m e b a r s o f i c e s e lls
f.
cream t h a t th e c a f e t e r i a
so t h a t th e y can ta k e w hat you d o n ’t
C o n sid e r cones a n d cups a s a s u b s t i t u t e
use.
fo r
b ars. g.
K eep t h e i c e c ream f r o z e n s o l i d and t h e pop ic e -c o ld .
COTTON CANDY AND TOY BALLONS:
How t o a r r a n g e t o
s e l l th e c a r n iv a l " m u s ts ." a.
R e n t a c o t t o n c a n d y m a c h in e fro m a c o n c e s s i o n house.
b.
O b t a i n a snow c o n e m a c h i n e a l o n g w i t h a n a s s o r t m ent o f e x t r a c t s an d s y r u p s . (1)
Be s u r e t o f i n d o u t how
to use
th e
m a c h in e s. (2 )
A sk t h e o w n e r s a b o u t t h e b e s t s e l l i n g te c h n iq u e s.
c.
P r e p a r e p i n k l e m o n a d e i n t h e home e c o n o m i c s c la ss e s.
d.
A v o id u s i n g c u p s t h a t a r e t o o l a r g e . (1 )
T h in g s u s u a l l y t a s t e b e t t e r w hen you d o n ’t have q u ite
(2 )
enough.
Rem em ber t h a t y o u w a n t t o s e l l
ju st
enough
a t o n e t im e t o k e e p th e m fro m f e e l i n g c h e a t e d a n d n o t t o o m uch t o k e e p
th e m f r o m
w a n tin g m ore. e.
G et l a r g e ,
c o lo r f u l b a llo n s and s e l l
th e m
in f la te d w ith gas i f p o s s ib le . DOGS AND JAVA:
How t o p r e p a r e h o t d o g s a n d c o f f e e .
a.
H eat w ie n e rs in
b.
P ro v id e p l e n t y o f m u sta rd fo r
c.
Don’ t p u rc h a s e cheap w ie n e r s . (1)
la rg e k e ttle s in
th e c a f e t e r ia .
th e h o t dogs.
A p o o r h o t dog d o e s n ’ t b a r k f o r m ore b u t a good one a lw a y s d o e s .
(2 )
For p u b l i c i t y you m ig h t t r y
u sin g a
r e c o r d in g o f a b a rk in g dog in your b o o th . e.
P u rc h a s e w ie n e r s i n l a r g e a m o u n ts.
f.
S e ll co ffee a t a l l
g.
P rep are th e
h.
S erve c o ffe e in p ap er cups.
i.
Be s u r e t h a t t h e c o f f e e
j.
K eep cre am and s u g a r on t h e c o u n t e r .
tim e s.
c o ff e e i n th e c a f e t e r i a .
is h o t.
SWEETS:
How t o
s e t up a c a k e ,
c o o k ie , and can d y
sta n d . a.
B a k e c a k e s i n t h e home e c o n o m i c s c l a s s .
b.
O b t a i n c a k e s f r o m home to w n b a k e r i e s f o r a d v e r tis in g
c.
th e ir
Cut c o o k ie s i n th e c a r n i v a l s p i r i t ; shapes,
d.
c a rn iv a l c o lo rs ,
M ake c a n d y a t home o r a t
ROASTING EARS: a.
a n im a l
e tc . sc h o o l.
How t o p r o v i d e
B o il e a rs o f co rn in th e th em t o
b.
p ro d u c ts.
c o rn on t h e
cob.
c a f e t e r i a and c a r r y
th e sta n d in la rg e k e t t l e s .
P u rc h a s e p o in te d s t i c k s fro m a m eat m ark e t to
use t o h o ld th e c o rn .
c.
D ip e a c h e a r i n m e l t e d b u t t e r a s y o u s e l l i t .
d.
T ie a s t r i n g
to th e
sa lt
s h a k e rs you le a v e
on
th e c ount e r . e.
P la n fo r a la r g e
sa le
o f co rn i f your c a r n iv a l
i s n e a r th e b e g in n in g o f th e co rn se a s o n . f.
K eep th e
co rn p ip in g h o t.
g.
S u p p ly p l e n t y o f p a p e r n a p k in s .
PEANUTS, POP CORN, CRACKER JACKS: trip le
How t o p l a n a
tre a t.
a.
P urch ase f r e s h p e a n u ts
in la rg e
lo ts .
b.
Make up s m a l l b a g s o f p e a n u t s y o u r s e l f .
49 c.
R e n t a p o p c o r n m a c h in e o r p o p t h e c o r n i n t h e c a fe te ria .
d.
Y /atch t h e s i z e o f t h e b a g s u s e d f o r p o p c o r n a n d p e a n u ts. (1 )
K eep pop c o r n b a g s s m a l l a n d y o u c a n m ore th a n f i l l
(2 )
e.
each one.
Don’t
"feed to f i l l "
th in k
its
th e ir
c a p a c ity .
b e c a u se p e o p le w i l l
t i m e t o g o home w h e n t h e y r e a c h
S in c e th e m a r g in on c r a c k e r
ja c k s i s n ’t a s h ig h
a s on p e a n u t s and pop c o r n ,
o m it th e m i f you
w o u ld r a t h e r . 7.
C.
CANDIED APPLES:
How t o " a p p l e t i z e . "
a.
G et a n e x p e rie n c e d p e rs o n t o
b.
Don’t
c.
P la n to s e l l a l o t
candy th e a p p le s .
buy cheap a p p le s . i f y o u m ake th e m g o o d .
A CTIVITIES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u p r e p a r e a b o o t h t h a t
se lls
m o u th -w a te rin g m o r s e l s . 1.
SQUELCHING HUNGER: and c o n v e r t i t
2.
in to ta n ta liz in g t i d b i t s .
GETTING THE LOW-DOWN: te ria
3.
S ecu re th e n e c e s s a r y f o o d s tu f f
to p rep are
YOUR GUINEA P IG S : sim ila r to
H e lp t h e c o o k s i n
th e c a fe
food and s e l l i t . P r e p a r e fo o d i n y o u r c o o k in g c l a s s
t h a t you w i l l s e l l a t th e
c a r n iv a l and
50 d e te rm in e your c la s s m a te s 1 r e a c t i o n s D.
to i t .
CHECK-UP on y o u r s e l f a s a H u n g e r S q u e l c h e r b y p l a c i n g a n X in e ac h sp ace w h ere you q u a l i f i e d . 1.
( ) L o c a te d a good p la c e t o
sto re
ic e c ream .
2.
( ) A v o id e d o v e r - p u r c h a s i n g .
3.
( ) C o n sid e re d th e
4.
( ) Made a l l f o o d s t a s t y .
5.
( ) S u b s titu te d
6.
( ) P ro v id e d an o u t l e t fo r unused p ro d u c ts .
7.
( ) A c q u a in te d y o u r s e l f w ith th e
econom y o f s a l e s .
q u a lity fo r q u a n tity .
c a f e t e r i a ’s
o p e ra tio n s . 8.
( )
P ro v id e d a l l o f th o s e t h i n g s c o n n e c te d w i t h a c a rn iv a l.
(
)
T o ta l.
51
PART I I I .
BUILDING CONCESSIONS
HOW TO HAVE ATTRACTIVE BOOTHS Do y o u w a n t t o s e e t h a t c a r n i v a l l o c a t i o n come a l i v e w ith th e e r e c t i o n o f b o o th s f i t d e c o ra te d a s fo r a k in g ?
f o r a c a r p e n te r * s so n and
S u re you do!
And t h e c a r n i v a l n e e d s
th e h e lp you can p ro v id e by your r e a d in g o f th e fo llo w in g t h r e e c h a p te r s and fo llo w in g t h e
a d v ic e o f f e r e d .
52 CHAPTER 8 .
BUYERS
HOW TO MAKE PURCHASES FOR CONCESSIONS A,
REWARDS t h a t w i l l oome t o y o u a s b u y e r s . 1*
A PROFITABLE FESTIV ITY :
T he c a r n i v a l i s
d e p e n d in g
on y o u r ju d g m e n t i n p u r c h a s i n g an d y o u r w is e b u y in g c a n r e a l l y h e l p t o m ake i t 2.
BUYING SK ILL : w i l l h e lp
a success*
P u rc h a sin g fo r th e sc h o o l c a r n iv a l
t o m ake y o u i n t o a s k i l l f u l b u y e r f o r
y o u r home o r som e s c h o o l c l u b . B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l a s s i s t y o u i n m a k i n g p u r c h a s e s f o r c o n c e ssio n s. 1.
REQUISITION S:
How t o p r e p a r e p u r c h a s e o r d e r s .
a.
Make o u t a l l p u r c h a s e o r d e r s w i t h f o u r c o p i e s .
b.
R e t a i n o n e c o p y f o r y o u r own p r o t e c t i o n .
c.
A rra n g e f o r a d e l i v e r y d a te t o be m ark ed on th e pu rch ase o rd e rs .
d.
A llo w f o r
a s ig n a tu re to
a p p e a r on e a c h p u r c h a s e
or d e r . 2.
GAINING FUNDS: a.
S u b m it y o u r p u r c h a s e o r d e r s t o t h e m oney m in d e r s fo r th e ir
b.
How t o f i n a n c e p u r c h a s e s .
OK.
O b ta in a check f o r o rd e r you su b m it.
each in d iv id u a l p u rch ase
c.
F ile
th e
checks a c c o rd in g to th e p u rch ase o rd er
n u m ber, KEEPING RECORDS: a.
How t o t a b u l a t e
a l l p u rch ases.
R e ta in one o f th e p u rc h a s e o r d e r s f o r y o u r reco rd s.
b.
Make up a t o t a l o f e x p e n d i t u r e s t o
d a te t o
r e p o r t to th e E x e c u tiv e s. c.
S u b m i t p u r c h a s e o r d e r s t o t h e M oney M i n d e r s w e l l in advance o f th e
tim e n e e d e d .
d.
K eep p e rm a n e n t r e c o r d s i n
e.
A llo w n o e r a s u r e s on y o u r p e r m a n e n t r e c o r d s .
LOCATING SUPPLY HOUSES: to a.
fill
in k .
How t o f i n d t h e b e s t p l a c e
your o rd e r.
C heck w i t h t h e s c h o o l on p l a c e s w h e re t h e y a r e a llo w e d a d is c o u n t.
b.
G a in t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f l o c a l m e rc h a n ts i n p u r c h a sin g .
c.
B uy t h r o u g h a l o c a l m e r c h a n t a n d u s e t h e i r pu rch ase o rd er i f
th e ir d isc o u n t
is b e tte r.
d.
O b ta in a l i s t
o f su p p ly h o u se s.
e.
C o n ta c t e a c h s u p p ly h o u s e a n d d e te rm in e w here y o u c a n m ake t h e b e s t d e a l .
f.
T r y t o m ake a l l su p p ly h o u se .
o f y o u r p u r c h a s e s a t one
(1 )
A b i g g e r d i s c o u n t may b e a l l o w e d w h e n t h e p u rch ase
(2 )
is
W ith a l a r g e
la rg e . o rd e r you can p ro b a b ly g e t
p e rm is s io n to r e t u r n th e g.
Make s u r e t h a t t h e r e
unused a r t i c l e s .
i s no m is ta k e
about th e
d a t e o f d e l i v e r y a n d who w i l l d e l i v e r . h.
D o u b le c h e c k e v e r y d e l i v e r y a g a i n s t y o u r p u r chase o rd e r.
i.
A ccept no s u b s t i t u t e s w ith o u t b e in g in fo rm e d b efo re d e liv e ry .
STORING MERCHANDISE:
How t o s a f e g u a r d a l l p r o d u c t s
pu rch ased . a.
S to re a l l m erc h a n d ise a s soon a s i t
is
d e liv e re d
and checked. b.
L o c a te a room f o r s t o r i n g t h i n g s i n .
c.
P ro v id e a lo c k f o r th e sto re ro o m d o o r.
d.
U se o n l y a k e y l o c k ,
e.
P la c e a l l m erc h a n d ise i n th e sto re ro o m i n o rd e r to g et i t
f.
n o t a c o m b in a tio n lo c k .
on t h e r e c o r d .
R e c o rd th e tim e e a c h ite m i s
s to re d and r e
m oved. g.
K eep a r e c o r d o f e v e r y ite m i n
h.
I n s t r u c t e a c h p e r s o n w ho r e m o v e s m e r c h a n d i s e or d e l i v e r s i t
to sig n
th e s to re ro o m .
your r e c o r d .
55
C.
ACTIV ITIES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u m ake p u r c h a s e s f o r c o n c e s sio n s . 1.
PURCHASING:
L o c a te th e
b e s t s u p p l y h o u s e s a n d m ake
so u n d p u r c h a s e s w h ic h you ch eck an d k eep a c c u r a t e reco rd s o f. 2.
TECHNIQUES OF THE SCHOOL:
W ork i n t h e P u r c h a s i n g
D e p artm en t o f y o u r s c h o o l and t e s t t h e t e c h n iq u e s o f b u y i n g a s y o u know t h e m . 3.
THE REAL MC COY:
S e c u re a p a r t tim e jo b i n t h e
P u r c h a s in g D e p a rtm e n t o f a l a r g e s t o r e a n d a s s i s t th e b u y e r i n m ak in g h i s p u r c h a s e s a n d k e e p in g t h e reco rd s. D.
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s a b u y e r b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e a ch s p ace f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d .
ii—
i—
— T
d l b w
n —
■!— ■ ■ ■ ■ w w iM iB i h
i i i i w
i
■■■■iniJr n —— i —
*— ■— nm■ i m i i w n—
im m
—
1.
()
P ro p e rly p rep ared p u rch ase o rd e rs .
2.
()
O b ta in e d fu n d s f o r e a c h p u r c h a s e .
3.
()
K ept rec o rd s o f a l l p u rc h a se s.
4.
()
Made p u r c h a s e s i n
5.
()
D o u b le c h e c k e d a l l d e l i v e r i e s .
6.
()
O b ta in e d a sto re ro o m f o r m e rc h a n d is e .
7.
()
K ept sto re ro o m door lo c k e d .
8.
( )
R ecorded a l l
th e m ost e c o n o m ic a l w ay.
ite m s d e liv e r e d
th e sto re ro o m .
o r rem oved fro m
56 9.
( )
L earn ed p u rc h a sin g te c h n iq u e s t h a t your sch o o l uses.
10 .
( )
O b serv ed th e o p e r a t io n s o f a l a r g e b u s in e s s P u r c h a s in g D e p a rtm e n t.
(
)
T o ta l.
57
58 CHAPTER 9 .
BUILDERS
HOY/ TO OPERATE YOUR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS A.
REWARDS t h a t w i l l come t o y o u a s a b u i l d e r . 1.
MORE MONEY:
As a b u i l d e r y o u w i l l g a i n t h e kn ow
le d g e o f c o n s tr u c tio n t h a t w i l l a id you
in b u ild in g
th in g s
or even
f o r y o u r h o m e, h e l p i n g y o u r D a d ,
e a r n i n g m oney b y b u i l d i n g f o r 2,
WORKS OF ART:
a n e ig h b o r or f r i e n d ,
C o n s tr u c t good b o o th s a n d g iv e y o u r
c a r n i v a l a n o r d e r l y lo o k an d n o t one o f "O ld S h a n ty T o w n. n B,
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u c o n s t r u c t b o o t h s . 1.
BOOTHS ON PAPER: a#
How t o
d r a f t p la n s o f
b o o th s,
C o n ta c t t h e m e c h a n ic a l d ra w in g t e a c h e r f o r p e r m i s s i o n t o u s e h i s room a n d e q u ip m e n t.
b.
R e q u ire t h a t
c o n c e s s i o n a i r e s draw a r o u g h
d ia g ra m o f d e s i r e d b o o th s . c.
U se t h e r o u g h d i a g r a m s a s g u i d e s i n m a k i n g up a b o u t fo u r s ta n d a r d b o o th p la n s .
d.
U se o n e b a s i c
d e s ig n and a llo w th e
t o com e i n t h e w ay t h e b o o t h i s e.
d iffe re n c e s
faced .
A llo w f o r a t t a c h i n g c o u n t e r s a t a n y s i d e
of
b o o th . f .
Draw t h e b o o t h p l a n s s o t h a t t h e b o o t h s may b e
p u t up a n d t a k e n down i n g.
R equest th a t
se c tio n s.
e a c h s e c t i o n be p a i n t e d a d i f f e r e n t
c o lo r. h.
C le a rly la b e l each s e c tio n w ith th e c o lo r a ssig n e d to (1 )
it.
T h is g iv e s a c o l o r f u l e f f e c t w h ic h w i l l be o f g r e a t h e lp t o th e D e c o ra to rs .
(2)
T h o s e who u s e t h e
b o o th s n e x t y ear w i l l
f i n d th em e a s y t o a s s e m b le . i.
G iv e b o o t h s p o n s o r s a c h o i c e
o f th e
p la n s th e y
d e sire . j.
A sk f o r
any s p e c i f i c
sp o n so rs
changes t h a t th e
b o o th
deem n e c e s s a r y ,
k.
Make a l l d i m e n s i o n s v e r y c l e a r o n t h e d r a w i n g .
1.
G iv e n a i l s i z e s , sp e c ific a tio n s
m.
b o ard f e e t ,
and a l l
o th e r
on t h e d r a w in g s ,
D o u b le c h e c k y o u r d r a w in g s b y e x c h a n g in g th e m w i t h so m e o n e e l s e ,
n.
A sk a p r o f e s s i o n a l c a r p e n t e r i f
t h e d ra w in g s a r e
c o m p le te en o ug h . STACKING THE STOREHOUSE:
How t o s e c u r e m a t e r i a l s
fo r b u ild in g . a.
S tu d y y o u r b o o th p la n s th o r o u g h ly .
b.
C a lc u la te th e sary .
t o t a l num ber o f b o a rd f e e t n e c e s
o.
S u b m it a r e q u i s i t i o n
d.
Make r e q u i s i t i o n
e.
K eep th e
d u p l i c a t e c o p y f o r y o u r own r e c o r d a n d
g iv e th e
o r ig in a l to th e P u rc h a se rs.
form s o u t in d u p l i c a t e .
f.
L is t th e e x a c t s iz e
g.
S ta te w h e th e r th e grad e,
h.
P la c e
to th e P u rc h a se rs.
of n a ils
d e sire d .
lu m b er you o r d e r i s
first
d o u b le s u r f a c e d , and s o f o r t h . th e d e s i r e d d a te o f d e l i v e r y on y o u r
re q u is itio n s . SUPPLYING A WORKSHOP: p la c e a.
How t o o b t a i n t o o l s a n d a
to w ork.
T ry t o g e t p e r m i s s i o n t o
use p a r t o f th e sc h o o l
c a r p e n t e r ’ s w o rksh op . b.
B rin g your
own t o o l s f r o m home i f p o s s i b l e .
c.
K eep y o u r t o o l s and w o rk ro om i n good s h a p e . (1 )
Good t o o l s m ake f o r a g o o d j o b .
(2 }
An o r d e r l y a n d w e l l k e p t w o r k r o o m i s e v i dence o f p r o f e s s io n a l a b i l i t y .
d.
N ever le a v e t o o l s
l y i n g aro u n d and in v e n to r y
th e m d a i l y . HAMMERING N A ILS:
How t o
c o n s tru c t b o o th s.
a.
S tu d y p l a n s th o r o u g h ly .
b.
B u ild b o o th s i n s e c t i o n s .
c.
A sse m b le b o o t h s f o r p a i n t i n g .
d.
P a i n t b o o th s s e v e r a l days b e fo r e th e c a r n i v a l .
e.
A ssem b le b o o t h s an d u se b o l t s
t o h o l d th e m
to g e th e r. 5.
ILLUMINATING:
How t o
arran g e lig h ts
and pow er.
a.
Make c o n n e c t i o n s t i g h t a n d w e l l i n s u l a t e d .
b.
Make n o c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a n o u t l e t u n t i l y o u r e c e i v e a n o f f i c i a l OK.
c.
A v o id o v e r l o a d i n g a n y one w i r e .
d.
C heck th e b r e a k e r
s w i t c h a n d know i t s
lo c a tio n
in c a s e o f em erg en cy . e.
G a in t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e
school e le c tr ic ia n
i n OK’ i n g y o u r s e t u p . C.
A C TIV ITIES i n o p e r a t i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s . 1.
WORKING FOR S K IL L :
A ssist th e school e le c tr ic ia n
in h is d u tie s . 2.
STORING UP EXPERIENCE:
W ork w i t h th © s c h o o l
c a r p e n t e r s a n d h e l p th em b u i l d v a r i o u s t h i n g s
3.
aro u n d th e
sc h o o l.
ERECTING:
S ecu re a l l n e c e s s a ry m a te r ia ls fo r
c o n stru c tin g
and th e n b u ild t o
fit
th e d e s ir e s
of
th e b o o th s p o n s o r s . D.
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s a B u i l d e r b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d .
6a 1.
{
Drew up c l e a r p l a n s f o r b o o t h s .
s.
(
C o n sid e re d s u g g e s tio n s o f C o n c e s s io n a ir e s .
3*
(
T r ie d to k e ep b o o th s i n one b a s i c
4.
(
B u i l t b o o th s t h a t c o u ld be d is a s s e m b le d and
d e sig n .
sto re d . 5.
(
C hecked t h e v a l i d i t y
of c o n s tr u c tio n s w ith a
c a rp e n te r. 6.
(
A v o id e d e x c e s s i v e p u r c h a s e s o f s u p p l i e s .
7.
(
K ept to o ls
8.
(
A rranged f o r a w o rk sh o p .
9.
(
S tu d ie d p la n s th o ro u g h ly b e fo re b u ild in g .
10.
(
L earn ed th e
11.
(
G a in ed e x p e r i e n c e b y a s s i s t i n g s c h o o l c a r p e n t e r s .
(
T o ta l.
in good sh ap e.
o p e ra tio n of th e
e l e c t r i c a l sy s te m .
63 CHAPTER 1 0 . HOW TO PROVIDE FOR A*
a
DECORATORS
COLORFUL AND ENTICING CARNIVAL
REWARDS t h a t w i l l u n f o l d w h en y o u h e l p t o m ake y o u r c a rn iv a l a tt r a c t iv e , 1.
BIGGER CROWD:
D e c o ra tio n s p ro v id e fo r
c a r n i v a l and f e s t i v e
th a t c o lo rfu l
a t m o s p h e r e w h i c h w i l l d ra w a
b i g cro w d , 2.
YOUR FUTURE:
B e in g a b le t o t r y y o u r h a n d a s a
p a i n t e r a n d d e c o r a t o r m ay b e j u s t t h e t h i n g t h a t g u id e s you in to your a d u lt p r o f e s s io n . B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l
e n a b le you to p ro v id e
fo r a w e ll
d e c o ra te d c a r n iv a l. 1.
RECEIVING REQUESTS:
How t o m ake a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r
d e c o ra tin g as o th e rs d e s ir e . a.
A sk t h a t a l l r e q u e s t s b e m ade i n w r i t i n g a n d o n a d ra w in g .
b.
In sist
t h a t d ra w in g s be c o lo r e d i n .
c.
In fo rm th e b o o th sp o n s o rs t h a t th e y sh o u ld s t a t e th e k in d o f m a te r ia ls th e y w ant u sed .
d. 2.
L eav e s p a c e on e a c h r e q u e s t f o r
SUPPLYING:
su g g e stio n s.
How t o o b t a i n n e c e s s a r y d e c o r a t i n g
m a te ria ls . a.
S e c u r e a s m uch e q u i p m e n t f r o m t h e a r t as you can .
d e p a rtm e n t
b.
Make o u t r e q u i s i t i o n s t o
th e P u rc h a s e rs
in
d u p lic a te . c.
R e ta in th e
d u p l ic a t e copy o f th e r e q u i s i t i o n
fo r
your re c o rd s. d.
D o n 't f a i l
to
use your n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s f o r
d e c o ra tio n s. e.
U se p a l m t r e e
lim b s, pepper t r e e
o th e r such re s o u rc e s f o r f.
Make c o l o r f u l f l a g s
b ran c h e s, and
d e c o ra tin g .
out o f in e x p e n siv e c lo th
or c o lo re d p a p e r. g.
P u r c h a s e l a r g e a m o u n ts o f c o l o r e d b a l l o n s .
OPENING- EYES:
How t o s e t
up d e c o r a t i o n s t h a t w i l l
d ra w p e o p l e s a t t e n t i o n . a.
H an g b a l l o n s o v e r h e a d a n d o u t o f r e a c h .
b.
S ecu re d e c o r a tio n s t i g h t l y .
e.
F a ste n d e c o ra tio n s w ith
c a rp e t ta c k s and n o t
th u m b t a c k s . d.
A v o i d u s i n g p e p p e r t r e e b r a n c h e s i n t h e gym . (1 )
P e p p e r t r e e s h a v e b e r r i e s w h ic h w i l l s t a i n th e f l o o r .
(£ )
Be t h o u g h t f u l o f t h e f l o o r w h e n c h o o s i n g d e c o r a t i o n s f o r t h e gym.
e.
Run c r e p e p a p e r s t r e a m e r s b o o th to
th e o th e r b o o th s.
from c e n t e r t i c k e t
f.
P la c e
c o lo re d f l a g s
on t h e
co rn e r
of each
b o o th . g.
W rap p o s t s w i t h c r e p e p a p e r i n a c o m b i n a t i o n o f c o lo rs.
h.
C opy t e c h n i q u e s o f d e c o r a t o r s
o f p a rad e f l o a t s
and s ta g e s c e n e s . (1)
U se c h i c k e n w i r e c o v e r e d w i t h f l o w e r s o r paper ro s e tte s .
(2)
T h i s m e t h o d a l l o w s y o u t o m ake a v a r i a t i o n of d e sig n s.
i.
L o c a te a s i g n on th e re p re se n ts
BILLBOARDING:
its
f r o n t o f e a c h b o o th w h ic h
fu n c tio n .
How t o m ake s i g n s a n d p o s t e r s
th a t
e x c e l F o s te r and K l e i s e r . a.
C o n ta c t t h e P u b l i c i t y A g e n ts a n d g e t a few o f th e ir
id e a s.
b.
W ork w i t h t h e P u b l i c i t y A g e n t s on d e c o r a t i o n s .
c.
U se p l e n t y o f p a p e r .
d.
P a in t
(B ut cheap p a p e r .)
s ig n s w ith c alam in e p a i n t
o n ly i f
you a re
s u r e t h e y w o n * t g e t w e t o r dam p. e.
A v o i d t r y i n g t o g e t t o o m u ch o n o n e p o s t e r . (1 )
C o lo r
i s t h e m a in t h i n g .
(2 )
K eep p o s t e r s s im p le and w ith a p o w e rfu l m essage and a se n se o f g a ie ty .
66 f.
A p p ly a l l
th e p r i n c i p l e s o f c o lo r and d e s ig n
t h a t t h e a r t d e p a rtm e n t t e a c h e r s , (1 )
D on’t
a v o id th e
use o f o r i g i n a l id e a s ,
h o w ev er. (2 )
N o t h i n g i s w i t h o u t ro o m f o r b u t you sh o u ld n ’t in c re a tin g
g,
F o llo w th e
im p ro v e m e n t,
e n t i r e l y f o r g e t th e o ld
th e new ,
sam e t h e m e a n d s t y l e
th ro u g h o u t th e
w h o le c a r n i v a l . (1 )
T h is p r o v i d e s f o r
u n ity and g iv e s a
p ro fe ssio n a l e ff e c t. (2 )
You w i l l h a v e h a r m o n y o f c o l o r a n d d e s i g n w ith o u t s t i f l i n g
C.
in d iv id u a lity .
ACTIV ITIES f o r p r o v i d i n g a c o l o r f u l a n d e n t i c i n g c a rn iv a l. 1.
GRASPING TECHNIQUES OF EYE-APPEAL: o f a p a rad e, p a rty , th e f l o a t s
2.
PLUMAGE:
B ecom e a p a r t
or o th e r a c t i v i t y and d e c o ra te
o r p a r t y ro o m . D e c o r a t e y o u r c a r n i v a l a n d m ake i t
c o lo rfu l and a t t r a c t i v e
fe s tiv ity
in to a
by f o llo w in g th e
p re c e d in g s u g g e s tio n s . D.
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s
a D e c o ra to r by p la c in g an X
i n e a c h sp a ce f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . 1.
( )
C o n sid e re d th e
s u g g e s tio n s o f b o o th s p o n s o rs .
S e c u re d e q u ip m e n t fro m t h e a r t d e p a r tm e n t. U sed n a t u r e a s a d e c o r a t o r . S e cu red a l l d e c o ra tio n s t i g h t l y . W oriced w i t h t h e P u b l i c i t y A g e n t s . P le n ty o f c o lo r used i h
d e c o ra tio n s.
A p p lie d o r i g i n a l id e a s . F o llo w e d th e m e o f c a r n i v a l . T o ta l.
68
PART I T .
"THE SHOW MUST GO ON!”
HOW TO KEEP THE CARNIVAL OPERATING T eam w ork i s
a p ro d u c t of o rd e rlin e s s and th e r e te n tio n
o f th in g s i n a b a la n c e d s t a t e . ta in
th e se
rie n c e s
c o n d itio n s,
d e fe a t.
I f you a re
b rin g about th is d ire c tio n s
it
t o m ain
becom es v u l n e r a b le and so o n e x p e
A su c c e ssfu l c a rn iv a l i s
w ork an d t h e r e f o r e lin e s s .
it
W hen a t e a m f a i l s
a p r o d u c t o f tea m
to o i s © p ro d u c t o f b a la n c e and o r d e r
in te re s te d
in th e te c h n iq u e s t h a t w i l l
d e s ir e d e n d , you n eed o n ly t o f o llo w t h e
g iv e n in th e
f o l l o w i n g tw o c h a p t e r s .
69
70 CHAPTER 1 1 •
SENTINELS
HOW TO GUARANTEE GOOD ORDER AT YOUR CARNIVAL A,
REWARDS y o u w i l l r e c e i v e a s a g u a r d i a n o f j u s t i c e . 1.
SCHOOL PR ID E:
M a in ta in in g a w e ll-g o v e rn e d
c a rn iv a l
g iv e s your s c h o o l a good r e p u t a t i o n . 2.
GOOD EUTURE TURNOUTS: a t your c a r n iv a l,
When y o u m a i n t a i n g o o d o r d e r
p e o p l e w i l l b e w i l l i n g t o come
back th e fo llo w in g y e a r . 3.
BETTER SCHOOL:
C h e ck in g y o u r c a r n i v a l f o r s a f e t y
f a c t o r s g u a rd s your sc h o o l a g a in s t any l i a b i l i t y su its. B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l a s s i s t y o u i n m a i n t a i n i n g g o o d o rd er. 1.
POSTING SENTINELS:
How t o b e i n t h e r i g h t p l a c e a t
th e r i g h t tim e . a.
K eep a S e n t i n e l a t t h e t i c k e t b o o th th r o u g h o u t t h e w h o le c a r n i v a l .
2.
b.
A rran ge fo r r o v in g S e n t in e l s .
c.
I n s t r u c t som e S e n t i n e l s t o f o l l o w t h e c r o w d s .
d.
W a lk b e h i n d t h e
e.
P a t r o l th e p a rk e d c a rs and b ic y c le r a c k s .
REMOVING DANGERS: a.
b o o th s r e g u l a r l y .
How t o c h e c k s a f e t y f a c t o r s .
O bserve th e g ro u n d s and l o c a t e
any lo o s e w ir e s .
b.
Rem ove a n y r o p e s o r w i r e s t h a t p e o p l e m ay s t u m b l e o v er.
c.
E x a m in e s t r u c t u r e s
d.
Pad sh a rp
fo r p ro tru d in g n a il s .
o b j e c t s t h a t m ay b e d a n g e r o u s t o t h e
e y e s or h e a d . e.
C o v e r up a n y h o l e s t h a t m ay c a u s e so m e o n e t o trip
f.
o r tu r n an a n k le .
Rem ove a n y o b j e c t s f r o m c o u n t e r s t h a t c o u l d fa ll
on a c h i l d .
g.
P e r m it no r u n n in g th r o u g h o u t th e c a r n i v a l g r o u n d s .
h.
K eep d a rk c o r n e r s w e l l i l l u m i n a t e d .
i.
A llo w n o t h i n g t o b e l e f t o n t h e t o p o f b o o t h s or l e a n i n g a g a i n s t th e m .
j .
I n s i s t t h a t pop be s o ld
in cups and n o t in
b o ttle s. k.
P r o h i b i t an y sm o k in g .
1.
P e rm it no f i r e
m.
Know w h e r e f i r e
anyw here or f o r
a n y th in g .
e x t i n g u i s h e r s a r e a n d how t o
o p e r a te th em . POLICE COOPERATION:
How t o a r r a n g e f o r p r o t e c t i o n
by th e p o l i c e . a.
R equest th e p o lic e
b.
A sk t h e p o l i c e
t o w a tc h f o r r e c k l e s s d r i v e r s .
t o k e e p any g a n g s fro m fo rm in g
j u s t o f f th e sc h o o l g ro u n d s.
4.
CONTROLLING GANGS:
How t o p r e v e n t g a n g s f r o m f o r m i n g .
a.
A llo w n o g r o u p s t o
b.
P o l i t e l y a sk g ro u p s to
c.
P e r m i t o n l y t h o s e s t u d e n t s who o p e r a t e a b o o t h to be in (1)
a sse m b le . d isse m in a te .
it.
T h is a l s o w i l l l e s s e n th e p ro b lem o f s te a lin g .
(2 )
A b o o th c a n b e o p e r a te d b e t t e r when t h e r e a r e n ’ t t o o m an y p e o p l e i n i t .
5.
HANDLING EMERGENCIES:
How t o b e p r e p a r e d f o r
a c c id e n ts . a.
L o c a te a t e le p h o n e w h ic h w i l l be a v a i l a b l e .
b.
A sk y o u r P r i n c i p a l a b o u t who a n d w h e r e t o c a l l in c a s e o f em ergency.
c.
B orrow a f i r s t a i d k i t
fro m t h e p h y s i c a l e d u c a
t io n d e p a rtm e n t. d.
O b ta in a book on f i r s t
a id and s tu d y i t .
e.
T a lk t o th e s c h o o l d o c to r a b o u t p o i n ts
th a t a re
not c le a r. C.
A C T IV IT IES f o r g u a r a n t e e i n g g o o d o r d e r a t y o u r c a r n i v a l . 1.
POLICIN G:
M a in ta in o rd e r on your
s c h o o l g ro u n d s
o r a t a s c h o o l d a n c e a n d rem o v e a l l h a z a r d s . 2.
TROUBLE SHOOTING: your
K eep t a b on a l l
c a r n i v a l an d a llo w no g a n g s,
o p e ra tio n s o f th ie v in g ,
or
73 u n safe c o n d itio n to p re v e n t i t s P.
success.
CHECK-UP on y o u r s e l f a s a S e n t i n e l b y p l a c i n g a n X i n eao h sp a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . )
K ep t a w a tc h f u l eye on t h e
t i c k e t b o o th .
1.
(
2.
( )
P r e v e n te d any s t e a l i n g .
3•
( )
A llo w e d no l o i t e r i n g .
4.
( )
R em oved a l l
5.
( )
P r o te c te d your sc h o o l fro m l i a b i l i t y
6.
( )
C o n tro lle d a l l
7.
(
8.
( )
(
)
)
u n safe f a c t o r s .
fire s.
A rran ged f o r p o lic e p r o t e c t i o n . H a n d led a c c i d e n t s p r o p e r l y . T o ta l.
su its
74 CHAPTER 1 2 .
ROUSTABOUTS
HOW TO KEEP THINGS IN GOOD SHAPE A*
REWARDS t h a t y o u w i l l r e c e i v e a s a r o u s t a b o u t . 1.
A SELLOUT:
By s e e i n g t o
o f f sm o o th ly ,
it
t h a t e v e ry th in g
c lic k s
you w i l l k e ep your a u d ie n c e and i n
tu r n p ro v id e your c a r n iv a l w ith g r e a te r p r o f i t s . 2.
BETTER EQUIPMENT: shape,
you p ro v id e
W hen y o u k e e p t h i n g s i n g o o d fo r a b e tte r
c a r n iv a l th e n e x t
y ear. B.
PROCEDURES t h a t w i l l a i d y o u i n k e e p i n g t h i n g s i n g o o d shape. 1.
SETTING U P:
How t o p r e p a r e
y o u rse lf fo r d u tie s as
a ro u sta b o u t. a.
O bserve th e a c t i v i t i e s
b.
L e a r n how t o do t h e i r
o f o th e r c o m m itte e s. o p e r a t i o n s a s m u ch a s
p o ss ib le . c.
O b ta in a s p a re p u b l ic a d d re s s s y s te m i f a t a l l p o ss ib le .
d.
A c q u a in t y o u r s e l f w ith th e
o p e ra tio n o f th e
e l e c t r i c a l sy s te m . e.
Know t h e l o c a t i o n o f s u p p l i e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .
f.
O b ta in a sto re ro o m ,
g.
P r o v i d e t h e room w i t h a l o c k .
h.
A rran ge f a r
a h a m m e r, n a i l s ,
a n d o t h e r em ergency
e q u ip m e n t* i.
P u t y o u r em ergency t o o l s
j.
K eep a s u p p l y o f l i g h t b u l b s a n d f u s e s on h a n d .
k.
S u p p ly y o u r s e l f w ith an e x t e n s i o n c o rd .
1*
K eep a s t e p
la d d e r
in a c a rry in g c a se .
in your sto re ro o m fo r chang
in g l i g h t b u lb s . ROLLING ALONG:
How t o k e e p t h e c a r n i v a l g o i n g
sm o o th ly . a.
A rra n g e a p l a c e w here you c a n be c o n t a c t e d im m e d ia te ly .
b.
C heck r e g u l a r l y w i t h t h e S e n t i n e l s
fo r any
breakdow ns. c.
Know how t o
use and r e p a i r th e p u b l i c
ad d ress
sy ste m . d.
T ig h te n a n y l o o s e a sse m b la g e o f b o o th s .
e.
A sk f o o d c o n c e s s i o n a i r e s t o k e e p t h e i r
c o u n te rs
as c le a n as p o s s ib le . f.
P la c e w a s te c a n s by each fo o d c o n c e s s io n .
g.
P i c k up c o r n c o b s l e f t l y i n g a r o u n d .
h.
P u t sa w d u st or sa n d on any w et and s l i p p e r y p la c e
caused by s p illa g e .
BIDDING FAREWELL:
How t o l e a v e t h i n g s i n s h i p
fo r th e n e x t day and th e n e x t c a r n i v a l .
shape
76 a.
R e q u e s t b o o th , s p o n s o r s t o
ta k e t h e i r
unused
s u p p lie s to t h e i r sto re ro o m . b.
T a k e down d e c o r a t i o n s c a r e f u l l y .
c.
Save any d e c o r a tio n s t h a t can be r e u s e d .
d.
S to re
e.
T a k e down a p a c k l i g h t b u l b s f o r
f.
D isc o n n e c t a l l
g.
R o ll e l e c t r i c
h.
D o u b le c h e c k t o
d e c o r a tio n s i n a dry p la c e . sto ra g e .
e le c tr ic w ire s. w ire s in to
n e a t b u n d le s.
s e e t h a t a l l e q u ip m e n t h a s b e e n
re tu rn e d . i.
R e tu rn th e p u b lic
a d d re s s sy ste m a s so o n a s
p o ss ib le . j.
P l a c e d r e n t e d m a c h i n e s i n a l o c k e d ro o m t o b e p i c k e d up t h e
fo llo w in g day.
k.
D isa sse m b le b o o th s i n s e c t i o n s .
1.
S t o r e s e c t i o n s o f t h e sa m e c o l o r t o g e t h e r .
m.
A tta c h c o n n e c tin g b o l t s
n.
Rake t h e
to each se c tio n .
c a r n i v a l g r o u n d s a n d rem ove a l l w a s t e
m a te ria ls . o.
R e tu rn w a ste can s to t h e i r p ro p e r p la c e s .
p.
C heck o v e r t h e b r o k e n w in d o w s,
s c h o o l f o r an y dam age s u c h a s e tc .
q.
T urn i n t h e k e y s t o
th e sto re ro o m .
r.
P a t y o u r s e l f on t h e b a c k f o r a jo b w e ll doneI
77 C.
A C T IV IT IES t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u k e e p t h e c a r n i v a l i n g o o d shape. 1*
BIG TOP GANG:
Go t o a n e a r b y c i r c u s o r c a r n i v a l a n d
w ork w i t h t h e r o u s t a b o u t s . 2*
BIRTH TO RETIREMENT:
K eep y o u r c a r n i v a l r o l l i n g
a lo n g sm o o th ly fro m t h e o p e n in g to
th e
c lo s in g
of
t h e s t o r e r oom d o o r . D.
CHECK-UP o n y o u r s e l f a s a R o u s t a b o u t b y p l a c i n g a n X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w h ic h you q u a l i f i e d . 1.
(
) L earn ed te c h n iq u e s o f a p u b lic
2.
(
} A c q u a in te d y o u r s e l f w ith a l l
3.
( ) P rep ared th in g s fo r
4.
( ) R em oved b o t t l e n e c k s a s s o o n a s t h e y
5.
( ) C a r e f u l l y rem oved a l l
6.
(
) P r o p e r ly d isa sse m b le d b o o th s .
7.
(
) S a fe ly s to re d
8.
( ) L e f t c a r n i v a l g ro u n d s c le a n an d o r d e r l y .
9.
( ) S a id "so lo n g " t o an e n jo y a b le a c t i v i t y .
(
)
T o ta l.
c a r n iv a l or
c irc u s.
c a rn iv a l fu n c tio n s.
any em erg en cy . o ccu red .
d e c o ra tio n s.
e q u ip m e n t.
78 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1*
C o h e n , I r v i n g , a n d R e y n e r , E . V *: "T ea m w o rk — T he K e y t o S u c c e s s . ” M o n ta n a E d u c a t i o n , 2 6 : 1 0 - 1 1 ( F e b r u a r y , 1 9 5 0 )* I l l u s t r a t e s how s t u d e n t s l e a r n p l a n n i n g a n d p r o b l e m s o l v i n g fro m r e a l l i f e p r o b le m s .)
2.
D o w n in g , E d i t h N . : 6 7 : 3 1 (M ay, 1 9 5 0 ) . te c h n iq u e s .)
3.
H a r la n , J . E . : " C a r n i v a l W ith a P a t r i o t i c S l a n t . ” S c h o o l A c t i v i t i e s , 1 3 : 3 4 3 - 4 4 (M ay, 1 9 4 2 ) . ( S u g g e s ts a few good p la c e s to a llo c a te p r o f its .)
4.
H a r v e y , C. C . : ”0 u r A n n u al H ig h S c h o o l C a r n i v a l . ” S c h o o l A c t i v i t i e s , 1 4 :5 7 ( O c to b e r , 1 9 4 2 ) . (G iv es a s e tu p f o r a queen and k in g c o n c e s s io n .
5.
J e n n in g s , H e le n H a l l : S o c i o m e t r y i n G ro u p R e l a t i o n s . A m e r i c a n C o u n c i l o n E d u c a t i o n , W a s h i n g t o n , D. C . , 1 9 4 8 . 85 p p . (G iv es e x c e l l e n t m eth o d s f o r g r o u p i n g .)
6.
P arry , K .: ”M a q u o n ’ s A l l S c h o o l C a r n i v a l . ” S c h o o l A c t i v i t i e s , 1 3 :2 6 7 -6 8 (M arch , 1 9 4 2 ) . ( S t r e s s e s group c o o p e ra tio n .
7.
R o ls e th , H a ro ld : " P r o f i t s in G iv in g : A Sound M oneyR a is in g P ro g ra m .” C le a r in g H o u se , 2 0 :2 8 8 -8 9 (J a n u a r y , 1 9 4 6 ). ( D e s c r i b e s m e a n s b y w h i c h m a t e r i a l s m ay b e o b ta in e d fo r a g rab -b ag c o n c e s s io n .)
8.
S n y d e r , T roy A .: " H a r b o r H i g h ’ s P r o f i t a b l e C o m m u n ity P ro je c t. The S c h o o l C a r n i v a l . " C le a r in g H o u se , 1 2 :1 6 0 -6 3 (N o v em b er, 1 9 3 8 ) . ( S u g g e s ts e x a m p le s o f c o n c e s s i o n s . )
9.
T ro sp e r, V e n e tte : ”A S c h o o l C a r n i v a l , " S ie r r a E d u c a tio n a l N ew s, 4 0 :2 1 (N ovem ber, 1 9 4 4 ) . (S h o w s how a c a r n i v a l m ay f u r t h e r d e m o c ra tic i d e a l s . )
tf0 u r S c h o o l C a r n i v a l . ” G r a d e T e a c h e r , ( O f f e r s good e x a m p le s o f a d v e r t i s i n g