A senior guidance course for vocational and consumer education

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A SENIOR GUIDANCE COURSE FOR VOCATIONAL AND CONSUMER EDUCATION

A.

Project

Presented to the Faculty"of the School of Education The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

by Richard T. Cooper June

1950

UMI Number: EP46251

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

Dissertation Publishing

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'

fed 'tri

Pr

T h is project report, w ritten under the direction o f the candidate’s adviser an d app ro ved by him , has been presented to and accepted by the F a c u lty o f the School o f E d u catio n in p a r t ia l fu lf illm e n t of the requirements f o r the degree o f M a s t e r of Science in Education.

Date.

A d vis er

Dean

ii TABLE OP CONTENTS ^..

CHAPTER

PAGE

Z^PART I. >OCCUPATIONAL GUIDANCE 1, --ROW TO GET A JOB 1.

SELECTION:: 1.

HOW TO CHOOSE A CAR EER..............

STORING FACTS: How to gather information about jobs . . . . . . . . .

2.

KNOWING THE JOB:; offerings

3.

..................

KNOWING YOURSELF:

"

TIONAL CHOICE 1.

. . .............................

COLLEGE TRAINING:;

BUSINESS: TRAINING:

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING:

APPRENTICESHIP:

MILITARY SERVICE:

....................

13

How to select schools ........................

14

How to get on the job

training . . . . . . . 5.

12

How to select schools for

for trade occupations

4.

12

How to select schools for

commercial instruction . .

3.

6

HOW TO MAKE READY FOR YOUR OCCUPA-

professional and academic learning . . . . . .

2.

5

How to relate self analysis to

your occupational choice .................... Z ' sT^REPARATION:

3

How to make a self

....................... ..

COMPARISONS

2

How to evaluate job

......................................

analysis 4.

2

.................... .

How to use the U. S. Armed

Forces training program for occupational

14

CHAPTER

PAGE 15

preparation..................................... *3. ' C R E D E N T I A L S H O W TO OBTAIN DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR JOB PLACEMENT........................... 1.

BIRTH CERTIFICATE:; birth

How to secure proof

of

............1 .............

2. RECOMMENDATIONS:.

19

How to get letters of

recommendation........................ ... 3. SOCIAL SECURITY CARD:

4.

19

20

How to obtain a

Social Security C a r d ......................

21

UNION CARD:

22

How to join a labor union . . .

5. TEACHING CREDENTIALS:;

How to get documents

necessary to teach, in the State of C a l i f o r n i a ........... 6. LICENSES:

22

How to obtain city and state

l i c e n s e s ................................. 4* ~~

JOB HUNT: 1.

HOW TO FIND A J O B ..................

CONTACTS:

SCHOOL PLACEMENT:;

How

27

to get a job through

school employment services 3.

27

How to get a job through friends

and a s s o c i a t e s ................. 2.

23

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES:

................ How to get

a

job through the U. S. Employment Service • • 4. PRIVATE AGENCIES:

How

28

28

to get a job through

private employment s e r v i c e s ...........

28

iv CHAPTER

PAGE

5. COMMUNITY SERVICE AGENCIES;

How to get a

job through local service organizations . . . 6. EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANIES;

How to get a

job through office equipment firms 7. CIVIL SERVICE;:

• • • • •

WANT ADS:

H ow

30

to get a job through news­

paper advertisements f'r- 5.

INTERVIEWS;:.

{ '--- -^SUCCESSFUL

1.

31

HOW TO MAKE YOUR INTERVIEW . .v . . . . ........................

34

PREPARATION: How to prepare for an interview . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........

2. APPEARANCE:

..........

3. SELLING YOURSELFt

.............

.....

36

.... . . ....

36

How to tell of past successful

occupations • 6. SALARY:

35

How to make the interviewer

do the talking 5. EXPERIENCE::

. . . . . . . .

How to make a good first

impression 4. INITIATIVE:;

34

How to present yourself at the

interview . . . .

. .

37

How to request a reasonable living

w a g e ........... 7.

30

How to get a public service

j o b ........... 8 .

29

TERMINATION: How to terminate the interview.

37 38

V

CHAPTER 6.

PAGE

YOUR JOB: 1.

HOW TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS ON THE JOB . . .

GOOD HABITS:: How to maintain acceptable personal habits

2.

.....

42

......................

ACCURACY: How to achieve accuracy on the j o b ...........

3.

43

EFFICIENCY: How to gain occupational efficiency

4.

44

..........

LOYALTY: How to develop loyalty and cooper­ ation with fellow w o r k e r s ....................

5.

44

ENTHUSIASM: How to be enthusiastic on the job

6.

42

45

............................

PROMOTIONS: advancements

How to get occupational

45

...............................

PART II. CONSUMER EDUCATION HOW TO COPE WITH EVERY DAY BUSINESS PROBLEMS 7.

BUDGETING: 1.

HOW TO BUDGET YOUR M O N E Y ............

PREPARATION: How to prepare for the budget­ 50

ing p r o c e d u r e .............

2.

SELF BUDGETING: How to make a personal budget for your school activities

3.

50

. . . • • •

50

FAMILY BUDGET: How to make a budget for the home

.............................

.

52

4.

RECORDINGS: How to keep budget records

...

55

5.

AUDITING: How to balance the budget . . . . .

55

vi CHAPTER

PAGE

8. BUYING:

HOW TO PURCHASE NECESSARY LIVING

ESSENTIALS.....................................

58

. . . ............

58

How to buy f o o d ..................

6G

1. HOME::

How to buy a house

8. EATABLES:

5* WEARING APPAREL: 4. FURNITURE:

How to buy clothing

....

61

How to buy household

f u r n i s h i n g s ................. 5; AUTOMOBILE:; 6.

How to buy a c a r ..........

DRUGS !AND COSMETICS£

63

How to buy cosmetics

and pharmacy supplies 9. PROTECTION:

62

.............

.

HOW TO BUY YOUR INSURANCE.........

64 67

\

1. LIFE INSURANCE£

How to get a life insurance

p o l i c y ..........................................

2. HEALTH AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE::

67

How to

— -protect yourself against financial loss from illness.and bodily harm 3. FIRE AND THEFT INSURANCE:.

.................... How to protect

your personal belongings .................... 4. AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE:

70

How to insure your

c a r ....................................... 10. INVESTMENTS:

69

71

HOW TO INVEST YOUR SURPLUS

CAPITAL' .’ ............. ..................... .. 1. GATHERING FACTS:

75

How to get information

about i n v e s t m e n t s ..........................

75

vii CHAPTER

PAGE

2. REAL ESTATEt investments

3. STOCKS*: 4. BONDS* 11.

BANKING*

How to make good property

.........................

How to make stock investments How to make bond investments

HOW TO SAVE YOUR MONEY

2. CHECKS*

How to open and use a checking

box 12.

76 77

...........

How to open a savings account

3'. PROTECTION*

• . .

....

1. SAVING*

account . . . . . . . . . .

76

..........

81

...

81

...

82

How to get a safety deposit

...............

83

DEFERRED PAYMENT; HOW TO ESTABLISH YOUR CREDIT'......................................... 1. CHARGE ACCOUNTS*

How to open a charge

account................................... 2. INSTALLMENT CREDIT*

13.

86

86

How.to use installment

buying

. .................................

87

3* LOANS*

How to borrow m o n e y .............. -.

88

INCOME TAX*

HOW TO PAY YOUR FEDERAL INCOME

TAX . '.......... •..............................

92

1. PILING*

92

How to file your return

2. SELECTING THE FORM*

. . . . . .

How to choose your tax

form for simplicity and lowest t a x ........ 3. DEDUCTIONS:

93

How to claim family and non­

business d e d u c t i o n s ...........................

94

viii CHAPTER

PAGE

4,

INCOME:: How to determine your net income • .

95

5.

CALCULATIONS:

96

How to figure your taxes . . .

ix LIST OF EXHIBITS EXHIBIT.

PAGE

A.

SAMPLE RATING CHART ..........................

7

B.

SAMPLE PROFILE C H A R T ........................

8

C.

SAMPLE BUDGET FOR SCHOOL ACTIVITIES ...........

51

D.

SAMPLE PERCENTAGE BUDGET

54

.........

x PREFACE TO THE TEACHER The author has designed this syllabus as a course of study for vocational and consumer education for senior prob­ lems classes.

A> senior guidance course may prove to be very

beneficial if the student is presented concrete ways and means of meeting everday vocational and consumer problems. The lack of organized functional materials in vocation­ al and consumer education has created a need for such a course of study.

The chapters are organized in a functional

manner to deal with the important occupational and business problems that a graduating senior must face upon completion of high school training.

To increase the functional nature

of this syllabus, each chapter is divided into four parts, motivations, directions, performances, and evaluation tech­ niques.

The use of the functional approach to vocational

and consumer education will produce greater teachability of subject matter and increase the probability of success of the course. The material contained in this syllabus is a product of many student minds and literally hundreds of hours of class­ room teaching experience.

Students and teachers were asked

to list all problems which should be included in a vocation­ al and consumer education guide.

The problems were class­

ified by the author and arranged into a table of contents.

xi The same teachers and students were asked to write their solutions to each problem included in the table of contents. The solutions were sorted, classified, selected, and put into the present form by the author to produce the direction sec­ tion of this syllabus.

Suggestions were also obtained for

constructing the motivation section and the learning aids at the end of each chapter. The author is particularly greatful to the senior prob­ lems students and teachers of Belmont High School, Los Angeles, for their contributions and efforts to make this syllabus a success.

xii PREFACE TO THE STUDENT There are many reasons why you, the graduating senior, may profit from such a course as this.

Your training up to

this point has been directed toward teaching you adequate background necessary to live in present day society.

Now

you are about to graduate from high school, you must be pre­ pared to get the job you want and be able to cope with every­ day business problems.

This syllabus is designed to aid you

in meeting the challenge of the business world. This syllabus is divided into two parts, vocational guid­ ance and consumer education.

The vocational guidance section

is designed to give you all necessary information needed in choosing an occupation, getting a job, and gaining job success. The consumer education section is designed to give you necess­ ary information concerning budgeting, buying, and investing your money.

AHl of the factors mentioned play an Important

part in obtaining future life long happiness. This syllabus is not offered with a guarantee that you will be able to meet all arising business problems with success.

The techniques and procedures mentioned will be of

great value providing you apply yourself to the task of study­ ing and understanding the contents of each chapter. The author hopes that your use of the syllabus will help you in gaining everlasting success in the years to come.

1

PART I.

OCCUPATIONAL GUIDANCE HOW TO GET A JOB

Your future happiness may he determined by your life long occupation.

If you are concerned about your future

happiness, you should prepare immediately to get a Job that will satisfy your hopes and desires.

How would you like to

be ready to accept the challenge of employment?

The next

six chapters will aid you in preparing for your future occupation and assist you in gaining ever lasting success on the job.

CHAPTER 1, SELECTION HOW TO CHOOSE A CAREER A.

MOTIVATION;; 1.

Rewards gained by selecting a .job wisely,

PERSONAL SATISFACTION:

You will find a job more

satisfying if you are doing the type of work suited to your likes and abilities. 2.

FEWER MISTAKES:

Hit and miss job selection can be

eliminated by investigating occupational offerings and making job comparisons* 3.

FUTURE HAPPINESS:

Your choice of an occupation

depends much of the enjoyment you will gain from the non-working hours of your life# B.

DIRECTIONS:

Helpful hints to aid you in making a choice

of an occupation. 1.

STORING FACTS: a.

How to gather information about jobs,

Investigate major occupational groups. (1)

Professional.

(2)

Managerial and official

(3)

Clerical and sales*

(4)

Crafts.

(5)

Operatives.

(6)

Domestic service.

(7)

Protective service.

(8)

Labor#

b.

Read all available articles on jobs that have interest appeal.

c.

Ask for information from people who are actually doing the job.

d.

Visit companies where the job is being done.

e.

Record all desired job information on 5" x 8” cards. (1) Standardized for filing purposes. (2) Easier to compare job data.

f.

Don't limit investigations to one job only.

KNOWING THE JOBS

How to evaluate job offerings.

a.

Investigate tasks and responsibilities.

b.

Examine general and special abilities required to do the job.

c.

Check on academic or technical study, training and apprenticeship. (1) What fields of study are involved in this occupation? (2) How and where does one secure the required training? (3) What is the usual length of training? (4) How much does the training cost? (5) What type of in-service training may be expected while one is working at the occupa­ tion?

d.

Check the entrance requirements to the occupation, (1) Certificates and licenses, (2) What special means exist for securing employe ment in the occupation?

e.

Note possible restrictions affecting elgibility for the occupation. (1) Age, (2) Sex, (3) Height. (4) Weight. (5) Physical condition. (6) Personal appearance,

f.

Examine physical and mental conditions of the work, (1)

Under what physical conditions is the job done?

(2)

Under what sort of mental and nervous condi­ tion is the job done?

g.

Check demand and supply of workers.

h.

Investigate the income, promotions, and security offered by the job. (1) Annual income. (2) Avenues of promotion. (3)

Pensions and retirement.

(4)

Health and accident protection.

KNOWING YOURSELF£ a*

How to make a self analysis,

Take standardized tests which will help you under­ stand yourself* (1) Aptitude tests. (2) Interest inventories. (3) General ability tests. (4) Special ability tests.

b.

Ask reliable persons to rate you on your various traits of personality. (1)

Teachers.

(2)

Former employers.

(3)

Ministers•

(4)

Doctors.

(5)

Close friends.

Make a rating of yourself* (1)

Physical characteristics.

(2)

Health.

(3)

General intelligence.

(4)

Temperament.

(5)

Personal aptitude.

(6)

Interests•

(7)

Social characteristics.

(8)

Traits of self expression.

(9)

Past achievements or failures

(10)

Mental health.

6

4,

d.

Don’t limit self analysis to one method only,

e*

Evaluate all findings,

COMPARISON?

How to relate self analysis to your

occupational choice. a.

Make a comparison rating chart for each job. (See Exhibit A.) (1) Divide a sheet of paper into three parts, (2) On right side of page list the requirements of the occupation. (3) On right side of page list items found in the analysis of self.

(Column 1,)

(4) Use the column in the middle of the page for numbers indicating degree of existance of the Items. (5)

(Column 2.)

Use numbers 1, 2, and 3 in order of numerical value to represent the degrees of existance.

(6)

Put crosses and question marks in left column to indicate self fulfillment of job requirements.

b.

Draw a profile chart for each job.

(See Exhibit

B.) (1) List various abilities required by the job to the left of the page. (2) Indicate degrees of occurrance at the top of the page.

7

ADVERTISING COPY WRITER Column No. 1 Item found in the analysis of self

Column No. 2 Numbers indi­ eating degree of existence of item

X

2

?

Requirements of the Occupation

1.

Active curiosity in high de­ gree about people’s needs, manufactured products, etc.

2 . Ability to analyze compli­ cated facts and situations.

X

3

3.

Ability to write concisely and clearly.

X

3

4.

Ability to write so that an ordinary thing becomes high­ ly interesting.

X

2

5.

Better than average memory.

X1

6

.

Ability to get along with many kinds of people, and an understanding of the desires of different sections of the population.

EXHIBIT A SAMPLE RATING CHART

8

ADVERTISING COPY WRITER

Does Not Appear

In Low Degree

General mental ability. Active curiosity. Ability to write clearly and concisely. Ability to write so that an ordinary thing becomes highly interesting. Ability to analyze Better than average memory. Ability to get along with people.

EXHIBIT B SAMPLE PROFILE CHART

In Moderate Degree

In High Degre*

(3)

Rule paper to form a graph.

(4)

Plot points on the graph to indicate a pro-* file.

c.

Examine records to determine your fitness for the job.

d.

Make several comparisons before you select a career.

5.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:,

Where to get further in­

formation. a.

Brooke, Esther E., and Roos, Mary:

Career Guide.

Harper and Bros., 1943. b.

Crawford, Albert B., and Clement, Stewart H. t The Choice of an Occupation. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 1932.

c.

Miller, John H.:: Take a Look at Yourself. Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, New York, 1943.

d.

Webster, Edward C.:

Put Yourself to the Test.

Harper and Bros., New York, 1941. C.

PERFORMANCE: 1.

PLANNING:;

Assignments and study procedures. Draw up a plan for choosing a career,

using suggested procedures, techniques, and methods noted in this chapter-.

Prepare the plan in such de­

tail that checking and correction are possible. 2.

SELECTION:

Choose a career for yourself by following

the procedures outlined in this chapter.

10 3.

ASSISTANCE::

Find a student in your class who is hav­

ing difficulty in choosing a career.

Assist that

person in planning his approach to the problem of selecting a suitable occupation. D.

EVALUATION:

Instruments for possible checking of your

techniques for choosing an occupation. 1.

TRUE-FALSE:

Place X in the correct space for true or

false. T a.

F

( )( ) You should never rely on opinions of others when choosing a career.

b.

( )( ) You should choose an occupation basically on the amount of salary you will receive.

c.

( )( ) You should take standarized tests to de­ termine your interests- and abilities.

d.

( )( ) You should ask only relatives and immed­ iate family members to rate you on your personal traits.

e.

( )( ) You should compare job requirements

with

self qualities before choosing a career. 2.

RATING SCALE;:

Place X in each space for the steps

you have completed. a.

( ) Investigation of jobs and jobopportunities.

b.

( ) Conducted a self analysis.

c.

( ) Made a self-job comparison.

( ) Evaluated the job that was chosen. ) Total*

12

CHAPTER 2. PREPARATION HOW TO MAKE READY FOR YOUR OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE A»

MOTIVATION:-

Advantages to be gained from adequate .job

preparation* 1.

FINANCIAL SECURITY:

If you are adequately prepared

to do a job, your earning power is greatly increased* 2.

PERSONAL SATISFACTION:;

Adequate job preparation will

give you self-satisfaction and a feeling of accomplish­ ment* 3*

GREATER OCCUPATIONAL OPPORTUNITY:

If you have pro­

per job training, you can greatly increase your chances of getting the job you want* B.

DIRECTIONS:

Suggestions to help you in selecting occupa­

tional training institutions. 1*

COLLEGE TRAINING:

How to select schools for pro­

fessional and academic learning* a.

b.

Compare college and university catalogues. (1)

Cost of training.

(2)

Entrance requirements.

(3)

Course opportunities.

Check to see if the college or university is accredited by the Association of American Coll­ eges and Universities.

c.

Compare the cost of the training with your abil­ ity to pay.

d.

Avoid schools that require campus residence.

e.

Decide if you want to attend a large or a small institution. (1)

Small colleges offer more individualized training.

(2)

Large universities offer a more extensive curriculum.

f.

Select a school that provides opportunity for social growth and development.

g.

Select a school that presents the best training for the job you want to undertake.

h.

If you have decided on a school, make application for admission early enough to guarantee immediate acceptance.

BUSINESS TRAINING::

How to select schools for

commercial instruction.

a.

Choose the type of business training desired.

b.

Compare several schools before you make applica­ tion for admission.

c.

Select an accredited business school.

d.

Check the total cost of the training,

e*

Investigate entrance requirements.

f.

Investigate the rate of success of the graduates of the school. (1)

Are the graduates adequately prepared to do

the job? (2)

Are the graduates placed immediately upon graduation?

g.

Check the offerings of the school placement service.

h.

Make application for admission early enough to guarantee immediate acceptance.

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING*:

How to select schools for trade

occupations•

a.

Select the type of industrial training desired.

b.

Investigate bonified trade schools in your local­ ity.

c.

Investigate the cost of training.

d.

Check the requirements for enrollment.

e.

Select a school that provides actual job exper­ ience.

f.

Select a school that provides occupational place­ ment.

g.

Make application for admission early enough to guarantee Immediate acceptance.

APPRENTICESHIPS a.

How to get on the job training,

Investigate firms and companies that offer apprenticeship training programs. (1)

Aviation industry.

(2)

Rubber and tire manufacturers.

b.

(3)

Large chain stores.

(4)

Oil companies.

(5)

General manufacturing companies.

Select the type of apprenticeship that riiay devel­ op into a full time job.

c.

Check the advantages and disadvantages of the apprenticeship program.

d.

Investigate the provisions or requirements of the apprenticeship training.

e.

(1)

Rate of pay.

(2)

Length of training.

Avoid apprenticeship programs that require payment of application fee.

MILITARY SERVICES

How to use the U. S. Armed Forces

training program for occupational preparation. a.

Contact local recruiting services. (1)

Request information about occupational training opportunities.

(2) b.

Check the enlistment requirements.

Select the branch of service that will provide the best occupational training opportunity.

c.

Check the length of enlistment required.

d.

Investigate the possibility of getting the type of training desired.

e.

Compare all branches of the service before you

enlist• f. File application for enlistment. 6.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:;

Where to get further in­

formation. a. Abbott, M. E., and Hurt, H. W.j; Book.

The College Blue

Charles E. Burchel, M. A., Yonkers-on-Hud-

son, New York, 1950. b. Kahler, Alfred and Hamburger, Earnest:; for an Industrial Age.

Education

Cornell University Press,

Ithaca, N. Y., 1950. c. Lovejoy, Clarence E.t

Complete Guide to American

Colleges and Universities.

Simon and Schuster,

New York, 1949. C.

PERFORMANCE: 1.

Assignments and study procedures.

PERSONAL APPLICATION:

Complete the entire procedure

for choosing your own occupational training institu­ tion.

Follow all procedures as outlined in this

chapter. 2.

ASSISTANCE TO OTHERS: Help some friend or classmate select an occupational training institution.

Provide

guidance and assistance necessary to make a wise selection. 3.

PAPER WORK:

Rehearse in class your complete procedure

for filling out application forms, etc., which, are necessary to gain admission to training schools,

17 apprenticeships, or service organizations. D.

EVALUATION;,

Instruments for the possible checking of

your occupational preparation procedures.

1,

TRUE-FALSEj:

Place an X in the correct space for true

or false. T a.

F

( )( ) You should

always consider the size of the

college or university before you enroll. b.

( ){ ) You should always wait until the beginning of a new school semester before you apply for admission.

c.

( )( ) You should accept an apprenticeship with the idea of quiting the firm when your training is completed.

d.

( )( ) You should contact the nearest army post for information concerning the armed forces training opportunities.

2.

RATING SCALEs:

Place an X in each space for which

you qualify. a.

( ) Compared all occupational training opportun­ ities.

b.

( ) Determined your ability to meet financial obligations connected with training desired.

c.

( ) Checked the length of training required.

18

d.

( ) Made direct contact with the school of your choice*

e* (

( ) Piled application for admission. ) Total.

19 CHAPTER 3. CREDENTIALS HOW TO OBTAIN DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR JOB PLACEMENT A. MOTIVATION:

Advantages of getting the credentials re­

quired for your occupation. 1.

ADEQUATE PREPARATION:

The man who is ready to go to

work immediately is usually the man who gets the job, 2*

LESS DELAY:

Why loose several days pay while you are

making arrangements for your required credentials, 3*

FEWER WORRIES:

If you wait until the last minute to

get documents needed for your job, you are inviting a great deal of worry and mental strain, B. DIRECTIONS:

Helpful hints to aid you in getting required

job credentials. 1.

BIRTH CERTIFICATE: a.

How to secure proof of birth.

Contact the Bureau of Vital Statistics in the state where you were born* (1) Request certificate of birth. (2) State as much personal information as poss­ ible to aid them in finding your birth re­ cord*

b.

Consult the hospital or physician present at the time of your birth*

c*

Use any religious record or written documents that state you were born. (1) Bible.

d*

(2)

Family books*

(3)

Family records.

Once you have received your birth certificate, file it away in a place for safe keeping.

RECOMMENDATIONS::

How to get letters of recommenda*-

tion. a.

Select individuals that will give you a good recommendation*

b.

g

.

Use reliable members of your community* (1)

Ministers.

(2)

Teachers.

(3)

Doctors.

(4)

Merchants.

(5)

Close friends who are influentual*

Get permission from the individual before you use his name as a reference,

d*

Tell the recommender why you are using him as a reference*

e.

Furnish the recommender with a brief written resume of your past activities and experiences* (1)

Schooling.

(2)

Age.

(3)

Occupational experience.

(4)

Community activities*

(5)

Reading activities.

(6) f.

Honors and distinctions*

Send a snap shot of yourself to all individuals making recommendations* (1)

They may forget the name, but not the face*

(2)

Encourages a more personal recommendation*

g*

Don't use questionable references*

h*

Thank each person for his services.

SOCIAL SECURITY CARD::

How to obtain a Social Secur­

ity Card* a.

Go to the Social Security Branch Office In your community*

b.

Pill out an application blank for a Social Secur­ ity Card*

c.

Request that the card be sent immediately.

d.

If you have no Social Security Branch Office, get an application blank from your local postal clerk. (1) Pill out all details. (2) Mail the form to the nearest

regional Social

Security Office. e.

When you get the card, record the number for safe keeping. (1)

You must have the number in order to get a duplicate card.

(2) The number is more important f.

than the card.

File your Social Security number with your employe

22 4*

UNION CARDs a.

How to join a labor union*

Find out if It is necessary to join a labor union in your particular profession.

5.

b*

Investigate the reliability of the union*

c*

Contact union secretary or representative.

d.

Fill out membership application form*

e.

Study rules and regulations of the union.

f.

Attend all regular and special labor meetings*

g.

Take an active interest in labor affairs*

TEACHING CREDENTIALSs

How to get documents necessary

to teach in the State of California* a*

Fulfill requirements set down by the State Depart­ ment of Education* (1)

120 units of college work from an accredited college or university for the General Ele­ mentary Credential•

(2)

120 units of college work plus 24 units of graduate work for the General Secondary Credential.

b.

Request your credential from your teacher train­ ing school.

c.

If you graduate from an out of state college, get an application form from the County Board of Education.

d.

Get a physical examination*

23 e.

Send the application form and health record to the Credentials Section of the State Department of Education*

f# 6.

Renew credentials before expiration date*

LICENSES:; a*

How to obtain city and state licenses*

Check city and state codes for license require­ ments*

7*

b*

Write for other necessary information*

c.

Fulfill requirements set down by law, (1)

Required courses*

(2)

Examinat ions •

d*

File license application*

e.

Pay necessary application fees and license costs*

f*

Renew licenses anually*

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER*

Where to get further in­

formation* a.

Davis, Earl Harrisont

Birth Certificates*

The

H* W. Wilson Co., New York, 1942. b.

Green, Albert:

Small Business and Government

Licenses * U# S* Government Printing Office, Wash­ ington, D* C*, 1948. c.

Harrington, Wells:

Recommendation Quality and

Placement Success.

The American Psychological

Association, Inc., New York, 1943. d.

Lowery, Millard Leslie:

Certification of High

School Teachers. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1924. e.

Morrisett, Lloyd N.j

Letters of Recommendation.

Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1935. C.

PERFORMANCE? 1.

Assignments and study procedures.

PAPER PRACTICEt

Rehearse in class your complete pro­

cedure of filling out blanks, etc., for getting your complete set of credentials for your position. 2,

REAL PRACTICES

Get each of the documents suggested

in this chapter which are necessary for you to have in your possession before you can get a job. D.

EVALUATION:.;

instruments for possible checking of your

techniques for securing required job credentials. 1.

TRUE-FALSEs

Place X in the correct space for true

or false, T a.

F

( )( ) You should use recordings .in religious books to prove your birth,

b.

( )( ) You should apply for teaching credentials at the County Board of Education.

c.

( )( ) You should always investigate a labor union before you join.

d.

( )( ) If you use close friends for references, you need not request permission.

e.

( )( ) You should check license requirements established by local and state codes*

BEST ANSWER:;

Place the number of the best answer in

parentheses• a.

( ) You should request your birth certificate from the:

(1) Health Department*

eau of Vital Statistics. sus. b.

(4)

(2) Bur­

(3) Bureau of Cen­

County Assessor.

( ) You should file an application for a teaching credential with the: Commission. Schools,

(l)

Civil Service

(2) County Superintendent of

(3) Board of Supervisors.

(4)

Credentials Section of the State Department of Education, c.

( ) Social Security Cards may be obtained from at

(1) Social Security Branch Office.

U. S'. Employment Office. Board. d.

(2)

(3) Labor Relations

(4) Local postal clerk.

(. ) When you want a good recommendation you should (1)

Take the person out to dinner.

an outline of your past experiences. Offer to pay for the service.

(2) Send (3)

(4) Send a

gift of appreciation, e.

( ) If you want to join a labor union, you should: (1)

Contact the local union secretary.

(2)

Pay a bonus for membership. Labor Relations Board. retary of Labor.

(3) Go to the

(4) Contact the Se

CHAPTER 4. JOB HUNT HOW TO FIND A JOB A.

MOTIVATION: Advantages to be gained if you can find the type of .job desired* 1.

FINANCIAL BENEFITS::

The sooner you find a job, the

more money you will acquire. 2.

ECONOMY OF YOUR TIME:

Time wasted in making a job

hunt can be reduced by adequate planning. 3.

SELF-CONFIDENCE:

You need not be uneasy when seeking

employment if you are familiar with the methods of getting the position you want. 4.

HUMAN HAPPINESS:

A good job and financial security

are major foundation stones in a happy life. B.

DIRECTIONS:

Suggestions to help you find the .job of your

choice. 1.

CONTACTS:

How to get a job through friends and assoc­

iates .

a.

Make it known that you are available for work, (1)

Telephone friends who have contacts with hiring concerns,

(2)

Write letters to associates telling of your availability for work.

b.

Ask your immediate family for assistance*

c.

Check family friends for possible job leads.

d.

Follow**up all possible leads which may be

developed. e.

Don’t be afraid to use "pull or drag" to get a job.

SCHOOL PLACEMENTS

How to get a job through school

employment services. a.

Consult your school employment advisor for avail­ able jobs.

b.

Pill out job application materials.

c.

Check job bulletin boards for possible openings.

d.

Investigate all jobs which have interest appeal.

e.

Call in frequently for new job opportunities.

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES:;

How to get a job through

the U. S. Employment Service. a.

Visit your nearest U. S. Employment Office.

b.

Fill out application forms. (1)

List past job experience.

(2)

Have records of educational experience.

(3)

Be prepared to give possible references.

c.

Check job files for desired openings.

d.

Follow-up all job leads.

e.

Contact the TT. S. Employment Service periodically for new job opportunities.

PRIVATE AGENCIES::

How to get a job through private

employment services, a.

Select a reliable agency.

(1) Consult the Chamber of Commerce Guide. (2) Check rating by Better^Business Bureau. (3) Use the telephone directory. b.

Ask for a clear explanation of agency's fees. (1) Temporary employment usually 5$ to 10$ of the weekly wages for a 10 weeks period. (2)

Permanent positions between 10$ and 35$ of the first months salary.

c.

If you can manage the financial burden, file an application for employment.

d.

Don't hesitate to take occupational interest tests if you are undecided about the type of work desired.

e.

Avoid permitting the agency to change your occupational interest just to give you a job.

f*

If position is unavailable, request that you be notified when openings occur,

g.

Contact the agency about once a week until you get the job.

COMMUNITY SERVICE AGENCIES?

How to get a job through

local service organizations. a.

Contact service organizations in your community. (1)

YMCA. and YWCA placement office.

(2j

Secretary of your local Chamber of Commerce.

(3)

Catholic Welfare Agency.

(4)

Jewish Employment and Counseling Service.

30 (5)

.6,

Special racial minority group agencies,

b.

Request job information,

c.

File written applications,

d.

Check all available jobs,

e*

A'sk to be notified if openings occur,

EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANIES:

How to get a job through

office equipment firms, a.

Select companies offering job training and place­ ment •

7.

(1)

International Business Machines,

(2)

Typewrltter companies,

(3)

Lithograph and mimiograph companies,

(4)

Ediphone Recording Company.

b.

File job applications,

c.

Check periodically for openings.

CIVIL SERVICE:; a.

How to get a public service job,

Decide which governmental level you would like to seek employment, (1)

Federal.

(2)

State.

(3)

Local.

b.

Contact the Civil Service Office of your choice.

c.

Request information regarding job opportunities,

d.

Get circular of job requirements,

e.

Study materials pertaining to your job interest*

31 f•

Take Civil Service Examination when it is given*

g.

Ask Civil Service Office to mail notification of all Civil Service openings* (1)

You might like to try a distinctly different job.

(2) 8.

Advancements are determined by examination*

WANT ADSr

How to get a job through newspaper

advertisements•

a.

Buy a paper with a good want ad section*

b.

Scan help wanted section.

c*

Select jobs that appeal to your interest*

d*

Contact advertiser immediately*

e* 9.

(1)

Speed is the most important factor.

(2)

Knowledge of job opening is wide spread*

Check want ad section daily for new opportunities.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:;

Where to get further

information. a.

Boynton, Paul W.s

Six Ways to Pet a Job. Harper

and Bros., New York, 1945. b.

Campbell, William G.r

You and Your Future Job*

Society of Occupational Research, Los Angeles, 1941. c.

Edlund, Sidney W., and Edlund, Mary G. : Pick Your Job and Land It. 1938.

Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York,

d.

Maule, Prancest

Your Next Job* Funk and Wagnalls,

New York, 1939.

C.

PERFORMANCES 1,

Assignments and study procedures.

PAPER PRACTICES

Plan and write a campaign approach

for finding employment, list methods, techniques, and avenues of pursuit.

Prepare the plan in such detail

that checking and correction are possible. 2.

REAL PRACTICES your choice. this chapter.

Make a job hunt for the position of

Follow the procedures as outlined in Make periodic reports to the class on

your success and failure. D.

EVALUATION:

Instruments for possible checking of your

job hunting techniques. 1.

TRUE-FALSEs

Place X in the correct space for true or

false. T a.

F

( )( ) You should not let friends and associates know that you are unemployed,

b*

( )( ) You should never use "pull or drag" in getting a job.

c.

( )( ) You should check the reliability of a private employment service through the Better Business Bureau.

d. 2.

( )( ) You should follow-up all job leads.

BEST ANSWER:

Place the number of the best answer in

33 parentheses# a.

( ) If you want a Civil Service job, you should* (1) Contact the mayor# influence#

(2) Use political

(3) Take qualifying examination#

(4) Consult the U# S* Employment Service# b.

( ) Newspaper want ads should be* immediately#

(1) Answered

(2) Filed for future reference.

(3) Ignored because offerings are usually very poor. c.

(4) Checked on for reliability.

( ) To insure yourself against being overlooked for a job, you should* three times a day# week.

(1) Call the agency

(2) Make a visit once a

(3) Call once a month.

(4) Wait until

you are summoned# d.

( ) The U# S. Employment Service was organized to provide services fort veterans#

(1) Unemployed

(2) Selected individuals.

The general public.

(3)

(4) Families on relief

rolls. e.

( ) In order to find the job you want, you should: (1) Rely on luck.

(2) Beg for a job.

Do a heroic deed#

(4) Make an organized

campaign approach#

(3)

34 CHAPTER 5. INTERVIEWS HOW TO MAKE YOUR INTERVIEW SUCCESSFUL A*

MOTIVATIONS Cains to be derived from good Interview techniques,

1.

GOOD FIRST IMPRESSION:

Your first contact with the

employer is the interview,

if youcan make a good

impression, the job may be yours. 2.

CONFIDENCE:

You need not be self conscious and

nervous if you master the techniques of interview procedure• 3*

HIGH MORALE::

You encourage greater happiness when

successful results are obtained. 4.

FEWER PERSONAL TRAGEDIES:

When you make adequate

preparation for your interview, you eliminate the possibility of failure. B«

DIRECTIONS: Helpful hints for

making your

interview a

success. 1,

PREPARATION:; a.

How to prepare for an interview.

Learn about interests of your prospective Interviewer.

b.

(1)

Hobbies.

(2)

Organizational affiliations.

Secure all possible information about the job. (1)

You may have Worth while ideas concerning the business.

55 (2)

Easier to justify reasons for applying for the job.

c.

Prepare a portfolio which presents an attractive arrangement of materials relevant to the type of work for which you are applying* (1)

Records of past job experience*

(2)

Letters of recommendation*

(5)

Required credentials•

(4)

Samples of previous work.

d.

Know how to fill out application forms,

e*

Be prepared to take tests.

f.

(1)

Aptitude tests.

(2)

Business manipulation tests,

(3)

Mechanical aptitude tests*

Take along necessary writing impliments* (1)

Filled fountain pen.

(2)

Two sharpened pencils.

(3)

Small notebook,

APPEARANCEt

How to present yourself at the interview,

a.

Wear clean clothing*

b.

Avoid too much or too little make-up. (1)

Bizarre shades of lipstick are undesireable.

(2)

No make-up at all is considered as bad as too much.

c.

Show signs of good personal grooming.

(1)

Clean fingernails.

(2)

Neat hair.

(3)

Freedom from offensive prespiration and breath odors.

(4) d.

Polished shoes.

Dress in clothing that resembles the current fashions•

SELLING YOURSELF: a.

How to make a good first impression.

Be conscious of your posture. (1)

Stand and walk in an erreet position.

(2)

Don’t "droop" in your chair.

b.

Offer a pleasant smile.

c.

Introduce yourself to the interviewer.

d.

If he offers to shake hands, do so. with a quick, firm pressure.

e.

Don't sit down until you are requested to do so.

f.

Speak distinctly at all times.

g.

Don't exhibit nervous mannerisms.

h.

Don't chew gum diring the interview.

i.

Never smoke during the interview.

INITIATIVE:

How to make the interviewer do the

talking. a.

Concentrate your attention directly on the interviewer.

b.

Lead the interviewer into a diseussion of his

interests.

c.

(1)

Occupational interests.

(2)

Sports.

(3)

Hobbies,

Ask questions relative to the job. (1) What are the duties and responsibilities

of

the job? (2) What wage could be reasonably expected? (3) What are the pension provisions? (4) What are the working hours? (5) What are the opportunities for advancement. d.

Don’t interupt the interviewer when he is talking.

EXPERIENCEi

How to tell of past successful occupations.

a.

Take along proof of past job experience.

b.

Be tactful in presenting past work experience. (1)

Don’t over amplify your experience.

(2)

Avoid tendency to brag.

c.

Don’t leave out any valuable information.

d.

If you have no past job experience, sell the fact that your training will suffice.

SALARY:: a.

How to request a reasonable living wage,

Make the question of starting salary a secondary consideration. (1)

Opportunities for advancement most important.

(2)

Periodic advances and raises may prove more attractive.

b.

Always find out the usual wage scale for the type of work you expect to do. (1)

You may he asked how much money you want.

(2)

You don't want to undercut the standard working wage•

c.

Ask for a wage slightly higher than the average starting scale.

d.

Never offer to work a week or two for nothing* (1)

Employers rarely appreciate anything that comes too easy.

(2)

Employers confidence in you will decrease.

7. TERMINATION:: a.

How to terminate the interview.

End the interview when you feel the discussion slowing down.

b*

Make sure you have covered all of your important selling points.

c.

Don’t talk too much or too long. (1)

You may talk your way out of the job.

(2)

You may miss the psychological point to close the deal.

d.

Thank the interviewer for his time and services.

e.

Leave your address where you may be reached.

8. SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTERt

Where to get further

39 information, a.

Davis, H. W . * Money Sense, MeGraw«Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1939.

b.

Dreese, Mitchells

How to Get a Job.

Science

Research Associates, Chicago, 1944, c.

Lyons, George J., and Martin, Harmon C.: Strategy of Job Finding.

The

Prentice**Hall, Inc.,

New York, 1939.

d.

Mangan, James T.:

The Knack of Selling Yourself.

Darnell Corp., Chicago, 1939. e.

Myers, Harrison, and Jackson, Paul R.: The Right Job.

The Vocational Research Bureau, Los Angeles,

1944. C.

PERFORMANCES

Assignments and study procedures.

1.

Plan and write your techniques which you

WRITING::

will use to make your interview a success* 2.

REHEARSAL:

Practice an interview meeting for the

job you would like to obtain, anticipate as many eventualities as possible.

Practice as many times

as needed to gain mastery of the situation. 3.

REAL THING::

Make arrangements for an interview for

a position you would like to obtain.

Follow procedures

outlined in this chapter. D.

EVALUATIONS

Instruments for the possible checking of

your mastery of interview techniques.

TRUE-FALSE£

Place X In the correct space for true or

false• T a.

F

( )( ) You should use the Interview to sell yourself to the employer.

b.

( }( ) You should wear no make-up if you want to make a good impression on your future employer.

c*

( )( ) If your interviewer is smoking, you should feel free to do likewise.

d.

( )( ) If you want to*make a good first impression, you should do all the talking.

e.

( )( ) You should offer to work for a few days without pay to prove your capabilities.

BEST ANSWER:

Place the number of the best answer in

parentheses. a*

( ) When'you enter the office of the interviewer, you should sit down:

(1) Immediately.

When you are requested to do so. the employer takes his seat.

(2)

(3) When

(4) At any

opportune moment. b.

( ) You should terminate

the interview when:

The discussion slows down. tired of sitting. expires.

(1)

(2) You become

(3) Your self alloted time

(4) Other Individuals enter the

office• ( ) You should ask for a salary that is: Below the average starting wage* to the highest paid employee*

(1)

(2) Equal

(3) Slightly

higher than the average starting wage,

(4)

Suitable to the employer. ( ) When you end the interview, you should always: (1) Make an excuse why you have to leave. (2) Slap the interviewer on the back. Offer to pay him.

(3)

(4) Thank him for his time

and services* ( ) Your personal appearance is often judged on: (1) Signs of good personal grooming. The type of brief-case you carry. mastery of the English language. ability to express yourself.

(2)

(3) Your (4) The

42 CHAPTER 6. YOTJR JOB HOW TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS ON THE JOB A*

MOTIVATION:: Rewards gained by making your .job a success, 1.

APPROVAL OF YOUR FELLOW WORKERS :

A' great deal of

your success will depend upon being accepted as a regular guy by your immediate superiors and fellow workers• 2.

EVENTUAL PROMOTIONS:

If you do your job well, you

will make yourself eligible for future advancements. 5.

SELF CONFIDENCE:

You need not be uneasy on the job

when you know you are doing your work correctly. 4.

PERSONAL HAPPINESS:

You need not be unhappy with

your work if you make adequate plans for success. B.

DIRECTIONS: Suggestions on how to be successful on the job.

1.

GOOD HABITS:

How to maintain acceptable personal

ha b i t s •

a.

Exhibit pride in your personal appearance. (1) Neat hair. (2) Shined shoes.

b*

(3)

Pressed clothing.

(4)

Not over dressed for the occasion,

Maintain self*confidence. (1) Try to do your job with little or no assistance.

(2) Feel that you are doing the job to the best of your ability. c.

Exhibit poise at all times, (1) Good

sitting posture,

(2) Correct body carriage. d.

Be courteous at all times. (1) With your fellow workers. (2) With the public. (3) With your employer.

e.

Develop a voice with a smile.

ACCURACY* a.

b.

How to achieve accuracy on the job.

Set up high accuracy standards. (1)

Employer principally interested in accuracy.

(2)

Inaccuracy is inexcusable.

Never turn in a piece of work unless you know it has been creditably done. (1)

Casts reflection on your ability,

(2)

You cannot afford to waste time.

c.

Don’t alibi for your mistakes.

d.

Strive for mechanical perfection.

e.

Use common sense in your work.

f.

Ask for assistance if you cannot do the job accurately.

g.

Read all work before you submit it for approval.

h.

Verify all work for legality.

i.

If your spelling is bad, consult the dictionary*

EFFICIENCY;: a.

How to gain occupational efficiency.

Be conscious of waste. (1)

Materials.

(2)

Time,

b.

Use care in every piece of work you do*

c.

Exhibit initiative at all times. (1)

Do more than you are assigned.

(2)

Prevent the employer from reminding you that you have a job to do.

d.

Don’t exhibit lack of resourcefulness*

LOYALTY;;

How to develop loyalty and cooperation w i t h

fellow workers.

a.

Adapt yourself to the personality of your employer.

b.

Be friendly toward fellow workers.

c.

(1)

Always be dignified.

(2)

Keep friendship on a high plane.

Never show resentment in taking orders from superiors.

d.

e.

Strive to develop your ability to meet the public. (1)

Personal assurance.

(2)

Poise.

(3)

Charm.

Keep confidential matters to yourself. (1)

Valid reason for dismissal.

4S (2) f.

You may cause your firm great embarrassment.

Don’t loos-e sight that you are working for wages. (1)

Don’t write personal letters on the job.

(2)

All fiction reading should be done on your own time.

(3) g.

There is always work to be done.

Defend your firm in controversial discussions.

5. ENTHUSIASM: a. Show

How to be enthusiastic on the job.

a readiness to learn.

b. Prepare yourself for added responsibilities. c.

Avoid being classified as a "clock watcher".

d.

Exhibit agressiveness. (1)

Never question judgement of superiors.

(2)

Present carefully thought out suggestions to your employer,

6.

PROMOTIONS:; a.

How to get occupational advancements.

-Prepare yourself for future promotions. (1)

Study.

(2)

Wide and varied experiences.

b.

Develop special tallents.

c.

Take an active part in community activities.

d.

Develop personal friendship and cooperation with business associates.

e.

Do more than just your assigned duties.

f.

Developquick adaptability to unfamiliar situations.

g.

Don’t be afraid to suggest ways and means of improving the efficiency of the company.

7.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:: Where to get further information. a.

Bills, Arthur 0.s

The Psychology of Efficiency.

Harper and Bros., New York, 1943. b.

Carnegie, Dales People.

c.

How to Win Friends and Influence

Simon and Schuster, New York, 1940.

Chapman, Paul W.x

Your Personality and Your Job.

Science Research Associates, Chicago, 1942. d*

Harwood, Sumners

How to Work with People.

Cambridge Analytical Services, Cambridge, Mass., 1940. e.

Starch, Daniels Ability.

C.

PERFORMANCE;: 1.

How to Develop your Executive

Harper and Bros., New York, 1943.

Assignments and study procedure.

CLASS' ACTIVITY!

Make a check list of essential items

to be considered in gaining success on the job. Apply your check list to the school situation, compare its relationship to the job situation. 2.

REAL PRACTICE!

Follow the hints outlined in this

chapter to gain success in your part time employment.

D*

EVALUATION:

Instruments for possible checking of your

techniques to gain success on the job. 1.

TRUE-FALSE!

Put X in the correct space for true or

47 false. T a.

P

( )( ) You need not worry about your personal appearance providing you are doing your work correctly.

b.

( )( ) You should consider the rate of speed you can do a job to be the most important factor in gaining success on the job.

c.

( )( ) If you should make a mistake in your work, you should always give a reason for the error.

d.

( )( ) If you complete your work ahead of schedule, you should occupy your time by reading until another assignment is made.

e.

( )( ) You should make constant preparation for future advancements.

2.

BEST ANSWER*

Place the number of the best answer in

parentheses. a.

{ ) To develop friendly relations with fellow employees, you shouldt dates.

(1) Ask them for

(2) Exhibit poise and self^confidence.

(3) Call them by their nick-names.

(4)

Speak only when- spoken to. b.

( ) If you should overhear a confidential conversation, you should::

(1) Tell all the

other employees so they wonft feel left out. (2) Discuss it with the person concerned. (3) Keep the matter to yourself.'

(4) Voice

your opinion on the subject. If you are given a difficult assignment, you should::

(l) Refuse to do the work.

(2) Make

excuses for inability to do the work.

(3)

Do the job to the best of your ability.

(4)

Suggest they get another employee to do the job. When considering personal habits of dress for your job, you should: for the job.

(1) Dress adequately

(2) Wear sport clothes for

comfort.

(3) Wear clothes that w i n show

you off.

(4) Dress differently than other

employees. If you desire job advancements, you should: (1) Invite your employer to dinner. only the required duties of your job.

(2)

Do

(3)

Encourage a friendly relationship with the boss.

(4) Prepare yourself for a better job

by study and experience.

49

PART II. CONSUMER EDUCATION HOW TO COPE WITH EVERY DAY BUSINESS' PROBLEMS Be a wise consumer.

Get more value from your investment.

You to can be-prepared to meet current consumer problems.

The

individual that knows what to buy, how to buy, and when to buy will always guarantee himself greater value received.

Read

\

the next seven chapters for valuable information which may help in conquering exhisting consumer problems.

50 CHAPTER 7. BUDGETING HOW TO BUDGET YOUR MONEY A,

MOTIVATION?

Advantages gained by budgeting your money

wisely, 1,

FEWER FINANCIAL WORRIES:

When a person is in debt,

he never has the satisfaction of knowing what belongs to him and what belongs to others* 2,

FUTURE SAVINGS:,

If your budget is properly kept it

can help you meet all your expenses and still have something left to put aside for savings, 3,

LIVING WITHIN YOUR INCOME:

Too often people get Into

debt because they have not planned the spending of money in a wise manner, B,

DIRECTIONS:

Helpful hints to aid you in budgeting your

income , 1,

PREPARATION:

How to prepare for the budgeting pro­

cedure,

a.

Consult reliable books for budget making techniques,

b.

Get suitable forms for keeping records*

c.

2,

(1)

Ledger sheets,

(2)

Prepared budget forms,

(3)

Cash book,

View model budgets for assistance and guidance,

SELF BUDGETING:

How to make a personal budget for

your school activities,

(See Exhibit C,)

51

PERSONAL BUDGET

Weekly income = $10.00 Amount Carfare ...................... . . . . . $

1*00

School lunches

........................

1.75

B o o k s ..................................

2.50

S t a t i o n e r y ............................

.50

Entertainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.00

Class dues and expenses

1.00

Personal items Total

............. ................

1.25

............................... $10.00

EXHIBIT C SAMPLE BUDGET FOR SCHOOL ACTIVITIES

a.

b.

c*

Determine the amount of income from all sources* (1)

Salary from your part time job.

(2)

Allowance*

(3)

Gifts.

List all items of school expense. (1)

Carfare.

(2)

School lunches.

(3)

Cost of books and stationary.

(4)

Entertainment*

(5)

Class dues and expenses*

(6)

Personal items.

Eliminate all items of expense that are not essential.

d.

Apportion your income to cover necessary expenda** tures* (1)

Allot a definite sum for each item.

(2)' Make sure that you don’t allocate more money than you receive. e.

Keep a daily record of what you actually spend for each item.

f*

Don't spend more than what you have alloted for each item.

FAMILY BUDGET:

How to make a budget for the home,

a*

Determine the amount of family income,

b.

Plan your budget according to pay periods.

(1)

Weekly.

(2)

Monthly.

(3)

Yearly.

Determine your main expense groups. (1)

Savings.

(2)

Pood.

(3)

Shelter.

(4)

Clothing.

(Rent, insurance, taxes and repairs.) (New purchases, shoe repairs, and

cleaning.) (5)

Operations.

(Fuel, gas, lights, water,

telephone, and refrigeration.) (6)

Advancement.

(Hospital expense, education,

travel, recreation, and entertainment.) Allocate income on a percentage basis.

(See

Exhibit D.) (1)

The greater the income, the greater the percentage that may be allowed for savings and advancement.

(2)

The lower the Income, the greater the percentage that must be spent on food and shelter.

(3)

The percentage of the income to be spent on operations may increase as the salary increases•

Don’t let your apportionments exceed your income.

54

SUGGESTED BUDGET FOR FAMILY OF TWO

Yearly income $1,800

$1,200 Budget Expenses

$2,400

$3,000

%

Amt •

%

Amt.

%

Amt.

%

Amt.

Savings

12

$ 144

17

$ 306

19

$ 456

22

$ 660

Food.••••....

28

336

21

378

20

480

18

540

Shelter.... .

30

360

25

450

25

600

24

720

Clothing.....

15

180

17

306

15

360

14

420

Operating... •

10

120

10

180

10

240

10

300

Advancement..

§

60

10

180

11

264

12

360

100

1,200

100

2,400 100

3,000

£otal......

1,800 100

EXHIBIT D SAMPLE PERCENTAGE BUDGET

3

f.

Keep a daily record of what you spend for each item.

RECORDINGS: a.

b.

How to keep budget records.

Keep all receipts of expendatures. (1)

File according to date of purchase.

(2)

File by numerical system.

Arrange expenditures so they may be easily checked. (1)

You can easily tell from time to time what you have spent.

(2) c.

Organization eliminates budget drugery.

Check frequently to see that you have not exceed­ ed budget allotments.

d.

Total your expenditures at the end of the budget period.

AUDITING: a.

How to balance the budget.

Balance the budget at the end of the period for which you are planning.

b.

Check to see that total expenditures do not exceed your income.

c.

If you have gone over your budget, try to elimin­ ate non-essentials for the next budget period.

d.

Never use savings to balance the budget.

e.

If you have money left over after you have balanced the budget, put it into your savings.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:

Where to get further

56 information. a.

Abel, M. H.: Income.

b.

Suooesaful Family Life on a Moderate

J. B. Lippencott Co., Philadelphia, 1927.

Donham, S. A.:

Spending; the Family Income.

Little, Brown, and Co., Boston, 1935. c.

Jordan, D. F.j

Managing Personal Finances.

Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1936. d.

Lord, I. E.:

Budgeting Your Income.

Harcourt,

Brace and Co., New York, 1931. e.

Woodhouse, C. G. : Planning and Recording Family Expenditures. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1938.

C.

PERFORMANCE:; 1.

Assignments and study procedures.

CRITICISM:

Examine several types of budgets and plan

the changes or improvement of techniques which you would make on them. 2.

PERSONAL APPLICATION: school activities.

Make a budget for your own

Use the budget for one month,

and report success or failure. 3.

FAMILY APPLICATION:

Make a budget for the family

based on your parents income and expenditures.

Re­

quest your parents to use the budget for a trial period.

Give all necessary guidance to make your

budget a success. D.

EVALUATION:

Instruments for possible checking of your

57 budgeting techniques,

1,

TRUE-FALSEr

Place an X in correct space for true or

false• T a.

F

( )( ) You should always plan your budget on the yearly basis.

b.

( )( ) If your salary is very small, you should eliminate savings from your budget,

c.

()'(’ )' You should make your personal budget as simple as possible.

d.

( )( ) You should record all purchases at the end of each week.

e.

( )( ) Your budget is considered balanced when your expenditures equal your income.

2.

RATING SCALE:;

Place an X in each space for the items

you have completed:; a.

You have selected a budget form.

b.

You have determined income from all sources.

c.

You have selected necessary expense items.

d.

You have alloted income to cover expenses.

e.

You have recorded all expenditures.

f.

You have checked budget periodically. You have balanced the budget. Total.

58 CHAPTER 8. BUYING HOW TO PURCHASE NECESSARY LIVING ESSENTIALS A.

MOTIVATION;

Rewards gained by mastering adequate purchas­

ing techniques* 1*

FINANCIAL ECONOMY:

Money can be saved if the item

you buy satisfactorily serves the purpose for which it was purchased# 8*

ECONOMY OF TIME*

Wi§e purchasing will eliminate

wasted time and effort# 3#

SELF SATISFACTION:

You will be much happier if you

are completely satisfied with the article purchased# B.

DIRECTIONS:

Suggestions on how to purchase necessary

living essentials. 1.

HOME:; a#

How to buy a house.

Investigate your financial conditions. (1)

Is your Job a permanent one?

(2). Do you have enough money to make a down payment? (3)

Can you afford large monthly payments for a home?

b«

Choose the type and size home you desire. (1) Depends on size of family. (2) Select the type of home you can afford. (3) Select with the idea of future expansion,

c.

Select the location where you want to live.

(1)

Are the people In the neighborhood congenial?

(2)

Is the community a place where you would like your children to grow up?

(3) (4)

Is public transportation available? Are schools located near a business or shopping center.

d.

Consult a reliable real estate broker in the locality where you would like to live.

e.

Compare several homes before you buy. (1)

You have a better idea what you can get for your money.

(2)

If you purchase the first home you see, you may be disatisfied later.

f.

If you cannot pay in cash, investigate reliable loan services.

g.

(1)

Savings banks.

(2)

Building and loan associations.

(3)

Private investors.

(4)

Life insurance companies.

(5)

Mortgage companies.

(6)

Trust companies.

Make a thorough investigation of the property restrictions. (1)

Special assessments.

(2)

Zoning restrictions.

h.

If you buy the home, demand that It be put through Escrow. (1)

Insures getting a clear title to the property.

(2)

Protects you against past assessments, back taxes, mortgages and liens against the property.

EATABLES: a.

How to buy food.

Make your own food selections* (1)

Never order by telephone.

(2)

You should always see what you buy.

b.

Buy acceptable standard brands.

c.

Check the grade or quality of the foodstuffs. (1)

Based on standards set by the Department of Agriculture.

(2) d.

e.

Usually printed on the label.

Don't be mislead by meaningless designations. (1)

Extra special.

(2)

Exquisite.

(3)

Superb.

(4)

Supreme.

(5)

Select.

Buy canned goods in large quantities. (1)

Possible to get special rates when buying in large quantity.

(2)

Stock up on supplies when prices are low.

f.

Don’t buy vegatables in great quantity unless you have refrigeration*

g.

Whenever possible, buy by weight instead of by measure.

h.

Buy from more than one merchant.

WEARING APPARELj

How to buy clothing.

a.

Select clothing that fit your pocketbook.

b.

Buy only quality clothes*

c.

Be aware of current styles.

d.

Look for distinguishing labels. (1)

Fabric identification labels.

(2)

Sanforized and texturized labels.

(3)

Seal of approval of the American Institute of Laundering.

(4)

Label of the National Association of Dyers and Cleaners.

(5)

Special labels stating workmanship quality

(6)

Many buyers consider it important to look for union labels.

e.

Test the fabrics before you buy. (1)

Crease the fabric.

(2)

Examine the yarn.

(3)

Determine the weight of the cloth.

(4)

Examine the fibers.

(5)

Test the strength of the goods.

f.

Make sure the clothes fit before you buy.

FURNITURE:

How to buy household furnishings.

a.

Buy from a reliable furniture store.

b.

Compare prices before you buy.

c#

Select furniture to fit your home.

d.

(1)

Style.

(2)

Size.

(3)

Color.

Avoid buying furniture that is beyond your financial means.

e.

Select good furniture wood. (1)

See that the wood will not warp when exposed to moisture.

(2)

Wood should be of the quality to resist wear.

(3)

Select woods with attractive grain.

(4)

Avoid selecting wood that is too hard or too soft*

f.

Choose good upholstering fabrics.

g.

Select rugs and carpets that meet the standards set by the National Bureau of Standards. (1)

The fabric must be woven from the best quality of filling wool with a cotton warp and filling of jute.

(2)

The yarn must be elastic and uniform in diameter.

(3)

The pile must be evenly and thoroughly dyed.

(4)

The weight per carpet yard must not be less than 39.5 ounces.

(5)

The sizing in the rug must not be greater than 10$ of the total weight#

h.

Check on the reliability of the article before you purchase,

i#

Select reliable household appliances. (1) Check the economy ofoperation. (2) Choose appliances that

have past the test

of time. AUTOMOBILE:

How to buy a car.

a.

Select a reliable dealer.

b.

Choose a ear that will fit the needs of the family.

c.

Don’t invest more money than you can manage.

d.

Compare the mechanical features of all cars before you buy. (1) Brakes. (2) Transmission. (3) Motor. (4) Riding comfort. (5) Safety factors.

e.

Consider the trade in value of the car.

f.

Investigate economy of operation. (1) Gasoline mileage.

64 (2) Oil consumption. (3) Cost of future repairs. (4) Cost of tires and tubes. DRUGS AMD COSMETICS: How to buy cosmetics and pharm­ acy supplies. a.

Select a reliable drug store.

b.

Know what you are going to buy before you make a purchase.

c.

Purchase high quality drugs and cosmetics. (1) Approved by your physician. (2) Recommended by a reliable cosmotoligist.

d.

Examine all drug and cosmetic labels. (1)

Contents in terms of weight or measure.

(2) Ingredient contents. e.

Avoid misleading brands. (1) Brands that make false promises. (2)

Reading instructions that most people cannot easily understand.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER::

Where to get further

information. a.

Pamphlets and bulletins from the American Home Economics Association, Washington, D. C.

b.

Babson, R. W., and Stone, C. N.: Protection.

Consumer

Harper and Bros., New York, 1938.

65 o.

Laird, D. A •: What Makes People Buy*

McGraw-Hill

Book Co., Inc., New York, 1935. d.

Mathews, J. B.:

Guinea Pigs No More.

Consumers’

Research, Inc., Washington, N. J., 1935. e.

Schlink, P. J .t

Eat, Drink, and Be Wary.

Con­

sumers’ Research, Inc., Washington, N. J., 1935. C.

PERFORMANCE; 1.

Assignments and study procedures.

CONSUMER SPECIFICATIONSt

For each of the items

mentioned in this chapter, draft the specifications, or minimum or maximum standards, which you would insist upon if you were faced with the problem of buying all necessary living essentials for your family. 2.

GENUINEi:

Purchase one or more items mentioned in

this chapter as a further experiment or wshakedown’1 to help you evaluate your techniques'of buying. D. ~ EVALUATION:;

Instruments for the possible checking of your

purchasing techniques. 1.

TRUE-FALSE:.

Place an X in the correct space for true

or false.

a.

( )( ) You should buy the first item you see if you like it.

b.

( )( ) You should consider all drugs and cosmetics reliable.

c.

( )( ) Before you buy a ear, you should always check the operating costs,

d.

( )( ) You should always put your property through Escrow,

e,

( )( ) You should rely on most standard labels and seals of approval.

f,

( )( ) To insure economy, you should buy all eatables in great quantity.

RATING SCAIiE:

Place X in each space for the phases

you have completed, a.

( ) Have you checked your ability to pay,

b.

( ) Have you considered the economy of the purchase*

c.

( ) Have you checked the reliability of the sell­ er,