A prognostic basketball test for high school freshmen

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A PROGNOSTIC BASKETBALL TEST FOR HIGH SCHOOL FRESHMEN

A T h e sis P re se n te d to t h e F a c u l t y o f th e D e p artm en t o f P h y s i c a l E d u c a tio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r tia l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r th e D eg ree M a ste r o f A rts

by Jo s e p h C ardoza J r . A u g u st 1950

UMI Number: EP62870

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PP* 5 - 6 •

(New Y o r k :

2 I .

THE PROBLEM

S ta te m e n t o f th e p ro b le m . th is

I t w as t h e p u r p o s e o f

stu d y to d e v e lo p a t e s t f o r p r e d i c t i n g th e p o t e n t i a l

b a s k e tb a ll p la y in g a b i l i t y

o f h ig h sc h o o l fresh m en .

Im p o rta n c e o f th e p r o b le m * m in in g t h e p o t e n t i a l a b i l i t y

The im p o r ta n c e o f d e t e r ­

o r c a p a c ity o f an in d iv id u a l

f o r a tea m s p o r t h a s b e e n e x p l a i n e d b y t h e f o l l o w i n g c o a c h e s and p h y s ic a l e d u c a to r s . A s ta te m e n t a s to th e v a lu e o f t e s t i n g by co ach es a s a b a s i s f o r s e l e c t i n g t h e i r s q u a d s w as m ade b y E d g r e n , who rem ark ed : T h e c o a c h e s o f b a s k e t b a l l t e a m s w i l l make w i s e r c h o i c e s a n d b e t t e r e l i m i n a t i o n o f men f r o m t h e i r s q u a d s w hen men r e m a i n o n t h e s q u a d o n t h e b a s i s o f a c t u a l p e r f o r m a n c e i n t e s t s r a t h e r t h a n m ere o p i n io n o f one m a n .^ S p e a k i n g on t h e p u r p o s e a n d i m p o r t a n c e o f p r o g n o s t i c t e s t i n g f o r c o a c h e s , C o z e n s w as q u o t e d b y C r u r a p a c k e r a s fo llo w s : The p u r p o s e o f a p r o g n o s t i c t e s t i s t o a t t e m p t t o p r e d i c t, s c i e n t i f i c a l l y , p ro b a b le f u tu r e su c ce ss in a p a r tic u la r su b je c t o r a c tiv ity . W h eth er you r e a l i z e i t o r n o t, e v ery coach u ses a p ro g n o stic t e s t d u rin g th e f i r s t fe w d a y s o f p r a c t i c e , p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e b o y s whom h e h a s n e v e r s e e n i n a c t i o n b e f o r e . He c o n s c i o u s l y r a t e s t h e i r a b i l i t y a n d v a l u e t o t h e t e a m

^ H . D. E d g r e n , " E x p e r i m e n t o n T e s t i n g o f A b i l i t y a n d P r o g r e s s i n B a s k e t b a l l , 1* T h e R e s e a r c h Q u a r t e r l y . 3 : 1 6 6 , M arch, 1 9 3 2 .

3 on t h e b a s i s o f t h e i r a c t i o n s , t h e i r s p i r i t , a n d t h e i r a b i l i t y t o g r a s p t h e te c h n iq u e w h ich h e i s e n d e a v o rin g to im p a rt. H is ju d g m e n t, l i k e a l l ju d g m e n ts i s a v e r y f a l l i b l e t h i n g a n d w i t h a l a r g e s q u a d t h e r e i s m uch l o s s o f t i m e i n d e c i d i n g on **f i r s t s t r i n g 11 te a m m em b ers . . I f a t e s t c o u ld b e d e v i s e d , w h ich w o u ld . im m e d ia te ly r a t e p r o s p e c t i v e t e a m m em b ers a s t o t h e i r p r o b a b l e s u c c e s s i n a n y s p o r t , much v a l u a b l e t i m e a n d l o s t m o t i o n c o u l d b e s a v e d .3 P h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n i n s t r u c t o r s p ro g n o stic

te s ts ,

c o u l d a l s o m ake u s e o f

e s p e c i a l l y w here t h e y h a v e l a r g e c l a s s e s

of s tu d e n ts f o r th e f i r s t

tim e .

S p e a k in g o f t h i s

situ a tio n ,

M eCloy s t a t e d : I n o r d e r to* s e r v e h i s p u p i l s w e l l , a t e a c h e r m u s t h a v e som e a d e q u a t e e s t i m a t e o f t h e i r i n d i v i d u a l a b i l i ­ tie s. A c c u ra te , s u b je c tiv e e s tim a te s a re f r e q u e n tly n o t p o s s i b l e f o r a n u m b e r o f w e e k s o r m o n th s a f t e r t h e b e g in n in g o f th e sc h o o l y e a r . W ith t h e l a r g e c l a s s e s f o u n d i n m any i n s t i t u t i o n s i t may b e i m p o s s i b l e e v e r t o make s u c h s u b j e c t i v e e s t i m a t e s a d e q u a t e l y . T e s ts , p r o p e r ly a d m in is te r e d and I n t e r p r e t e d , o f f e r th e te a c h e r th e d e s ir e d in fo rm a tio n a b o u t th e c a p a c itie s and a b i l i ­ t i e s o f h i s p u p i l s a t t h e t i m e w h en i t w i l l b e o f m o s t v a lu e t o h im . Such in f o r m a tio n i s im p o rta n t to th e t e a c h e r who i s t r y i n g w i t h o u t d e l a y t o o r g a n i z e a p u r ­ p o s e f u l p ro g ra m .^ F ro m t h e p r e c e d i n g s t a t e m e n t s , n o stic

t e s t i n th e c o a c h in g and p h y s i c a l e d u c a tio n p rogram s

can be se e n . n o stic

th e p la c e of th e p ro g ­

In a d d itio n to th e u ses s ta te d above, a p ro g ­

t e s t c o u ld p o s s i b l y b e u se d i n t h e f o llo w in g w ays: 3

F r e d r i c k W. C o z e n s , a s c i t e d b y S a n g e r W. C r u m p a c k e r , 11A P r o g n o s t i c T e s t f o r H i g h S c h o o l B a s k e t b a l l P l a y e r s , ” ( u n p u b l i s h e d M a s t e r ’s t h e s i s . The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 3 3 ;, p . 2 . ^ C h a r l e s H a r o l d M c C lo y , T e s t s a n d M e a s u r e m e n t s i n H e a l t h a n d P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n (Hew Y o r k : A p p l e t o n - C e n t u r y C r o f ts , I n c ., 194 2 ), p . 4 .

4 1 . To c l a s s i f y

stu d e n ts

i n t o hom ogenous g ro u p s f o r

in tr a m u r a l b a s k e t b a l l program . 2 . To a s s i s t i n g r a d i n g ,

e s p e c i a l l y w here t h e s t u d e n t

was g r a d e d on h i s a c h ie v e m e n t i n r e l a t i o n L im ita tio n s o f th e s tu d y .

to h i s c a p a c ity . .

T h e t e s t b a t t e r y w as c o n ­

s t r u c t e d p r i m a r i l y f o r u s e o n h i g h s c h o o l f r e s h m e n a s i t w as fe lt

th a t th is

l e v e l w as w h e r e t h e g r e a t e s t u s e c o u l d b e

m ade o f p r o g n o s t i c t e s t s . p lo y e d f o r p r o g n o s tic

T h e f i n a l b a t t e r y w as t o b e em­

use o n ly .

T h e r e w as n o a t t e m p t t o

c o n s t r u c t th e b a t t e r y to m easu re a c h ie v e m e n t o r p r o g r e s s in b a s k e tb a ll. I I .

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

T h e a v a i l a b l e l i t e r a t u r e w as r e v i e w e d w i t h t h r e e o b je c tiv e s

i n m in d .

been done in th e f i e l d

T h e f i r s t w as t o a s c e r t a i n w h a t h a d of p ro g n o stic

te s tin g

in b a s k e tb a ll.

S e c o n d l y , t h e l i t e r a t u r e w as s u r v e y e d t o d e t e r m i n e w h a t c o a c h e s c o n s id e r e d a s th e e s s e n t i a l fu n d a m e n ta ls o f b a s k e t ­ b a ll.

T he l a s t

o b j e c t i v e i n t h e r e v i e w o f l i t e r a t u r e w as

to d e te rm in e w hat s p e c i f i c th e p ro ced u re used to

t e s t s had b een c o n s tru c te d and

t e s t t h e e s s e n t i a l fu n d a m e n ta ls so a s

to h av e a so u rc e and g u id e f o r s e l e c t i o n and c o n s t r u c t io n o f te s ts

fo r th is

th e s is .

A m o re d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e

l i t e r a t u r e h as b een in c lu d e d in C h a p te r I I .

5 III.

METHOD OF PROCEDURE

T h e p r o c e d u r e u s e d i n t h e t h e s i s w as e s s e n t i a l l y t h a t o f s t a t i s t i c a l r e l a t i o n s h i p and c o m p a riso n .

B a s ic a lly ,

th e

p ro c e d u re in v o lv e d th e s e l e c t i o n and a d m i n i s t r a t io n o f t e s t s to an e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p . co m p ared w i t h a c r i t e r i o n th e h a tte r y

The r e s u l t s

o f th e t e s t s w ere

ra n k in g to s e l e c t th e e le m e n ts f o r

on t h e " b a s i s o f r e l i a b i l i t y a n d v a l i d i t y .

The

c o m p l e t e d b a t t e r y w as t h e n a p p l i e d t o d i f f e r e n t g r o u p s a n d com pared w i t h c r i t e r i a IV .

to f u r th e r a s c e rta in i t s

v a lid ity .

ORGANIZATION OF REMAINDER OF THESIS

The se c o n d c h a p t e r c o n t a i n s t h e re v ie w o f t h e l i t e r a ­ tu re c o n sistin g of re la te d and r e l a t e d stu d y .

s k ill te s ts

T h is i s

s t u d i e s , b a s k e t b a ll fu n d a m e n ta ls,

used a s so u rc e m a te r ia l f o r th e

fo llo w e d In th e t h i r d c h a p te r b y a d e s c r i p ­

t i o n o f g r o u p s , m a t e r i a l s , a n d m e th o d o f p r o c e d u r e u s e d . F o llo w in g t h i s ,

th e f in d in g s o b ta in e d d u rin g c o n s tr u c tio n of

th e t e s t b a tt e r y a re p re s e n te d in c h a p te r f o u r ,

fo llo w e d by

th e f i n d i n g s o b ta in e d fro m th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f th e c o m p le te d te s t b a tte ry .

The t h e s i s

i s c o n c l u d e d b y a sum m ary o f t h e

s tu d y and a s ta te m e n t o f th e c o n c lu s io n in c h a p te r f i v e .

CHAPTER I I REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE The r e v ie w o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e h a s b e e n d i v i d e d I n t o th re e c a te g o rie s fo r p re s e n ta tio n . re la te d

stu d ie s,

on r e l a t e d

lite ra tu re

s k ill te s ts .

The c a t e g o r i e s w e re :

on f u n d a m e n t a l s , a n d l i t e r a t u r e

T h e b a s i s f o r t h e d i v i s i o n w as

s t a t e d a s e a c h c a t e g o r y w as p r e s e n t e d . I .

RELATED STUDIES

The s t u d i e s p r e s e n t e d

i n t h i s d i v i s i o n w ere t h o s e

in

w h ic h t h e p u r p o s e was s p e c i f i c a l l y s t a t e d a s p r o g n o s t i c ,

or

th o se

i n w h ic h a p r o g n o s t i c u s e was i m p l i e d .

The s t u d i e s

have b een p r e s e n te d In th e c h ro n o lo g ic a l o r d e r o f t h e i r co n ­ stru c tio n

or p u b lic a tio n .

E dgren s t u d y .

In 1932, E dgren^ p u b lis h e d a s tu d y in

w h ich he h a d a d m i n i s t e r e d a b a t t e r y o f s p e c i f i c b a s k e t b a l l s k i l l t e s t s a n d tw o b a t t e r i e s

o f g e n e r a l m o to r a b i l i t y

to g ro u p s o f h ig h sc h o o l s t u d e n ts .

te s ts

The p u r p o s e o f t h e s t u d y

w as s t a t e d b y E d g r e n i n t h e f o l l o w i n g t h r e e q u e s t i o n s : 1. C an a s e r i e s o f t e s t s b e d e v e l o p e d w h i c h w i l l a d e q u a te ly m easure p r o g r e s s in b a s k e t b a l l ?

^ H . D . E d g r e n , f,E x p e r i m e n t o n T e s t i n g o f A b i l i t y a n d P r o g r e s s i n B a s k e t b a l l , w T h e R e s e a r c h Q u a r t e r l y . 3 " 1 5 9 “ 171* M arch, 1 9 3 2 .

2 . C an a s e r i e s o f t e s t s b e d e v e l o p e d w h i c h m i g h t b e u s e d a s a m eans o f p r e d i c t i n g p o t e n t i a l b a s k e t b a l l a b ility ? 3 - I s t h e r e an y c a r r y o v e r fro m s p e c i f i c b a s k e t b a l l s k i l l t o g e n e r a l a b i l i t y s k i l l s ?2 Two g r o u p s o f s t u d e n t s w e r e u s e d i n t h e s t u d y .

The

e x p e rim e n ta l gro u p c o n s is te d o f t h i r t y b e g in n in g b a s k e t b a ll s t u d e n t s a n d t h e c o n t r o l g r o u p t h e sam e n u m b e r o f s t u d e n t s of v a rie d b a s k e tb a ll a b i l i t y . The b a s k e t b a l l s k i l l t e s t b a t t e r y c o n s i s t e d te s ts ,

of e ig h t

n a m e ly : s p e e d p a s s , a c c u r a c y p a s s , p i v o t a n d s h o o t ,

speed d r ib b le , d rib b le and sh o o t, a cc u ra c y sh o o tin g , s itio n

s h o o tin g , and b a l l h a n d lin g .

•7 3 f o r t h e f i r s t b u t no r e l i a b i l i t y

t e s t and

oppo­

V a lid ity fig u re s of

.7 7 f o r r e - t e s t w e r e r e p o r t e d ,

fig u re s f o r e ith e r in d iv id u a l t e s ts

or

t e s t b a t t e r y w ere g i v e n . A f t e r a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e t e s t i t w as f o u n d t h a t f i v e o f th e t e s t s ;

speed p a s s , a c c u ra c y p a s s ,

speed d r ib b le ,

d r i b b l e and s h o o t, and b a l l h a n d lin g form ed a b a t t e r y w ith a v a l i d i t y a s h ig h a s th e e i g h t - t e s t b a tt e r y . T h e s p e e d p a s s t e s t w as a d m i n i s t e r e d m anner.

in th e fo llo w in g

The s u b j e c t s t o o d b e h in d a r e s t r a i n i n g l i n e w h ic h

was e i g h t f e e t fro m a w a l l .

At t h e s i g n a l t o b e g i n ,

s u b j e c t p a sse d th e b a l l t e n tim e s a g a i n s t th e w a l l .

th e T im e

w as s t a r t e d w hen t h e b a l l l e f t t h e h a n d on t h e f i r s t p a s s

2 Ibid., pp. 162 -6 3 .

8 a n d s to p p e d w hen t h e t e n t h p a s s r e t u r n e d t o t h e s u b j e c t ’s hands. In th e a c c u ra c y p a ss t e s t , re s tra in in g

l i n e w h i c h w as p a r a l l e l t o

ta n c e of th e r e s tr a i n in g in g to

th e s u b je c t s to o d b e h in d a th e t a r g e t .

l i n e from th e t a r g e t v a r i e d a c c o r d ­

th e ty p e o f p a ss u se d .

The d i s t a n c e s w e r e : f i f t e e n

f e e t f o r c h e s t and u n d erh an d p a s s e s , and t h i r t y s h o u ld e r and hook p a sse s . ty p e o f p a s s .

The d i s ­

fee t fo r

F i v e t h r o w s w e r e m ade w i t h e a c h

The b a l l c o u ld b e p a s s e d a t a n y sp e e d a s

a c c u r a c y a l o n e w as b e i n g t e s t e d . th re e c o n c e n tric re c ta n g le s ;

The t a r g e t c o n s i s t e d o f

th e o u t e r r e c t a n g l e m e a su rin g

4 8 P - 3 7 7 • Edgren, op., c i t .. p. 171

32 F or th e t r i a l b a tte r y ,

t h e tw o m e a s u r e m e n t s o f ' ju m p ­

in g s t a t e d above w ere t a k e n .

A h a lf-c irc le

t o o n e - h a l f o f t h e c e n t e r jump c i r c l e

s im ila r in siz e

on t h e b a s k e t b a l l

c o u n t w as p a i n t e d o n t h e f l o o r n e x t t o a w a l l .

A d ark

c o l o r e d b o a r d w as m o u n te d o n t h e w a l l a n d c e n t e r e d i n r e l a ­ tio n

to

th e h a l f - c i r c l e .

b o ard .

A y a r d s t i c k w as m o u n te d t o t h i s

The s u b j e c t f a c e d i n w i t h h i s t o e s t o u c h i n g t h e

w a l l a n d h e e l s on t h e f l o o r .

He t h e n r e a c h e d u p a s h i g h a s

p o s s i b l e on t h e b o a r d w i t h one h a n d an d m ark ed w i t h a p i e c e of c h a lk .

T h i s d i s t a n c e w as r e c o r d e d .

th re e t r i a l s

at

th e b o a rd .

The b e s t o f t h r e e t r i a l s

He w a s t h e n g i v e n

j u m p i n g a n d m a r k i n g a s h i g h a s p o s s i b l e on w as r e c o r d e d .

T he

p l a y e r was a ll o w e d t o f a c e

in any d i r e c t i o n a s lo n g a s b o th

f e e t w e re on o r i n s i d e t h e

l i n e m ark in g t h e h a l f - c i r c l e .

T he h a n d n o t h o l d i n g t h e c h a l k h ad t o b e k e p t aw ay fro m t h e w a ll.

W ith b o t h t h e s t a n d i n g r e a c h a n d ju m p in g r e a c h r e -

c o r d e d , t h e tw o t y p e s o f m e a s u r e m e n t w e r e o b t a i n e d . Sum m ary o f t e s t s

se le c te d .

s e le c te d f o r th e t r i a l b a tte r y ; be t e s te d .

2 . F i e l d G o a ls-L o n g . 3 • Speed P a s s . 4 . B a ll H a n d lin g . 5 . W e a v in g D r i b b l e .

t e n t e s t s w ere

tw o f o r e a c h f u n d a m e n t a l t o

T hese te n t e s t s w ere:

1. F ie ld G o a ls-S h o rt.

In a l l ,

j

33 6 . D rib b le and S h o o t. 7* D o d g i n g R u n . 8 . L a te ra l S h iftin g . 9 . V e r t i c a l Jum p. 1 0 . Ju m p in g R e a c h . F i g u r e 1 , p a g e 63 i n t h e A p p e n d i x , p la n of th e v a rio u s t e s t s . tio n a l.

sh o w s t h e f l o o r

T h e p l a n sho w n w a s n o t f u n c ­

The d ia g ra m s w e re a r r a n g e d t o a c t a s a n a i d

d e sc rip tio n

in th e

of th e t e s t s . V.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A CRITERION

T he r a t i n g m eth o d was u s e d t o e s t a b l i s h t h e c r i t e r i o n . T h i s m e t h o d w a s l i s t e d b y M c C lo y l^ a s o n e o f s e v e n w a y s m o s t c o m m on ly u s e d t o e s t a b l i s h c r i t e r i a The tw e n ty p l a y e r s

of

11A” a n d f,B H t e a m s c o m p r i s i n g ranked by th e ty .

in p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n .

t h e J a r r e t t J u n i o r H ig h th e e x p e rim e n ta l

in v e s tig a to r a c c o rd in g to

School

g ro u p w ere

t h e i r p la y in g a b i l i ­

T h i s r a n k i n g w a s m ade t h r e e d a y s b e f o r e t h e t e s t s w e r e

to be a d m in iste re d .

A t t h e t i m e t h e r a n k i n g w as m a d e , t h e

s e a s o n w a s a l m o s t tw o m o n th s o l d a n d f o u r g a m e s h a d b e e n p la y e d .

The p e r f o r m a n c e s i n p r a c t i c e s e s s i o n s a s w e l l a s i n

game s i t u a t i o n s w e r e t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n w hen r a n k i n g th e p la y e r s .

The v a l i d i t y

M c C lo y , op., c i t . ,

o f a r a n k i n g m ade b y o n e p e r s o n

p p . 3 08-11.

is

q u e s t i o n a b l e ; b u t a s t h e r e w e r e n o o t h e r f a c u l t y m em bers

q u a l i f i e d and no s tu d e n t t e a c h e r s a v a i l a b l e , had to se rv e a s th e c r i t e r i o n .

th is

ra n k in g

The f a c t t h a t t h e s e a s o n

w as n e a r l y tw o m o n th s o l d a n d f o u r g a m e s h a d a l r e a d y b e e n p l a y e d e n a b l e d t h e c o a c h t o becom e s u f f i c i e n t l y f a m i l i a r w ith th e

i n d i v i d u a l m em b ers t o

ra te

th e m w i t h c o n f i d e n c e .

CHAPTER IV ADMINISTRATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TESTS T h is c h a p te r h as b een d iv id e d I n to f o u r s e c t i o n s . In th e f i r s t stru c tio n

se c tio n ,

th e p ro c e d u re in v o lv e d i n th e c o n ­

of th e t e s t b a t t e r y and th e a n a ly s is o f fin d in g s

o b ta in e d i s p re s e n te d .

The a d m i n i s t r a t i o n

t e s t b a t t e r y and th e a n a ly s is in th e second s e c t i o n .

of th e c o m p le te d

of th e fin d in g s

The t h i r d

is p re se n te d

s e c t i o n p r e s e n t s a com ­

p a r i s o n o f t h e s c o r e s m ade o n t h e b a t t e r y b y t h e e x p e r i ­ m e n ta l and u n s e le c te d g r o u p s .

T he f i n a l s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s

a c o m p a r i s o n o f s c o r e s m ade on t h e b a t t e r y b y c a n d i d a t e s f o r th e s c h o o l b a s k e t b a l l tea m . I.

PROCEDURE AND ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION OF TEST BATTERY A d m in is tra tio n of t e s t s

te n t e s t s

d e sc rib e d

to e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p .

The

i n t h e p r e v i o u s c h a p t e r w ere a d m i n i s t e r e d

t o t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l g ro u p on D ecem ber 2 ,

19^9 .

w a s a d m i n i s t e r e d on t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y .

On b o t h d a y s t h e

t e s t s w ere a d m i n i s t e r e d

The r e - t e s t

in th e fo llo w in g o rd e r:

1 . Jum p a n d R e a c h . Ju m p in g R e ac h m e a s u r e m e n ts ) . 2 . Speed P a ss . 3 . B a ll H a n d lin g . 4 . W e a v in g D r i b b l e .

( U s e d f o r b o t h V e r t i c a l Jump a n d

5* D o d g i n g R u n . 6 . L a te ra l S h iftin g . 7• D rib b le and S h o o t. 8 . F ie ld G o a ls-3 h o rt. 9 . F ie ld G oaIs-L o ng . T e s t s n u m bered one t h r o u g h s i x w ere a d m i n i s t e r e d d o o r s i n t h e game r o o m .

T e s t s num bered s e v e n t h r o u g h n i n e

w e r e g i v e n o u t d o o r s on t h e s u r f a c e d c o u r t . d e m o n stra te d f i r s t ,

th e n q u e s tio n s ,

S u b je c ts w ere p e r m i tt e d t o p r a c t i c e , th e y w a ite d f o r t h e i r tu r n to t e s t . a n c e w as r o t a t e d each t e s t .

T h e t e s t w as

i f a n y , w ere a n s w e re d . if

th e y w ish e d , w h ile

The o r d e r o f p e r f o r m ­

so a d i f f e r e n t s u b je c t p erfo rm ed f i r s t

T h i s p r o c e d u r e w as u s e d on b o t h t h e

r e - t e s t so t h a t ,

on

i n i t i a l and

i n t h e c o u r s e o f tw o d a y s , t h e o r d e r o f

p e r f o r m a n c e h a d b e e n r o t a t e d a s much a s p o s s i b l e . u rin g ,

in ­

The m eas­

tim in g , and c o u n tin g w ere done b y th e i n v e s t i g a t o r

and th e re c o r d in g by th e s tu d e n t m an ag er. i n t h e A p p e n d i x , sh o w s t h e c r i t e r i o n

T a b le V lo c a te d

ra n k in g to g e th e r w ith

t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l g ro u p on b o t h t h e i n i t i a l and r e - t e s t . S e le c tio n of te s ts

to be used in f i n a l b a t t e r y .

o rd e r to s e le c t th e .in d iv id u a l te s ts th e f in a l b a tte r y , of th e

te n t e s t s .

on b o th t h e

In

t h a t w e r e t o m ake up

t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o c e d u r e w a s u s e d on e a c h The s u b j e c t * s p e rfo rm a n c e s w ere ra n k e d

i n i t i a l and r e - t e s t and th e ran k d i f f e r e n c e

37 o b ta in e d .

U s in g t b e S p earm an rh o

(p ) m e th o d a s c i t e d b y

Ross,-*- t h e c o e f f i c i e n t o f c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e

in itia l

t e s t a n d t h e r e - t e s t w as o b t a i n e d .

T h is c o e f f i c i e n t d e t e r ­

m in e d t h e r e l i a b i l i t y

N e x t,

t h e s u b j e c t s on th e

of th e t e s t .

th e ra n k in g of

i n i t i a l t e s t w as c o m p a r e d b y t h e sam e

s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e w i t h t h e i r r a n k i n g on t h e c r i t e r i o n ra tin g .

T h is c o e f f i c i e n t o f c o r r e l a t i o n

ed t h e v a l i d i t y fic ie n t

of th e

te s t.

o b ta in e d r e p r e s e n t­

T h e e m p lo y m e n t o f t h e c o e f ­

o f c o r r e l a t i o n to d e te rm in e v a l i d i t y and r e l i a b i l i t y

w a s s t a t e d b y R o s s ^ a s am ong t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f i t s T a b le I I ,

uses.

on t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e , p r e s e n t s t h e r e l i a b i l i t y

and v a l i d i t y

of each of th e te n t e s t s .

A f te r th e v a l i d i t y and r e l i a b i l i t y c o m p u ted a n d a n a l y z e d , f i v e f o r th e f i n a l b a t t e r y .

o f e a c h t e s t w as

t e s t s w ere t e n t a t i v e l y

s e le c te d

T hese t e s t s w ere:

1 . F ie ld G o a ls-S h o rt. 2 . Speed P a s s . 3 . W e a v in g D r i b b l e . 4 . L a te ra l S h iftin g . 5 . Ju m p in g H e i g h t , The s e l e c t i o n

o f t h e t e s t t o m e a s u re ju m p in g p r e ­

s e n te d th e g r e a t e s t p ro b le m .

S p e a k in g o f ju m p in g a s a t e s t

^ C . C . R o s s , M e a s u r e m e n t i n T o d a y 1s S c h o o l s Y ork: P r e n t i c e - H a l l , I n c . , 1 9 4 6 ), p p . 2 4 6 -4 8 . 2 I b i d .. p p . 2 5 3 -5 ^.

( New

38 TABLE I I RELIABILITY AMD VALIDITY OF TESTS ADMINISTERED TO EXPERIMENTAL GROUP :

Name o f te st

R e lia b ility

V a lid ity

F ie ld G o a ls-S h o rt F i e l d G o a ls-h o n g

.9 2 • 53

.2 5 .2 9

Speed P ass B a ll H a n d lin g

.8 5 • 38

.3 5

W e a v in g D r i b b l e D rib b le and Shoot

.8 7 .3 0

.3 2 -.0 7

L a te ra l S h iftin g D o d g i n g Run

• 93 .^ 9

.3 4 -.0 3

Ju m p in g R each V e r t i c a l Jum p

.9 8 .8 3

• 53 .6 0

39 of b a s k e tb a ll a b il i ty ,

G la sso w a n d B r o e r s t a t e d :

The v a l u e o f a ju m p in g e le m e n t i n te ry needs f u r th e r in v e s tig a tio n . i t c o n tr ib u te s n o th in g ; a n o th e r t h a t th e second stu d y in c lu d e s th e h e ig h t t h e ju m p .3

a b a sk e tb a ll b a t­ One s t u d y f i n d s t h a t i t has v a lu e , b u t reach ed a s w e ll as

On t h e b a s i s o f t h e a b o v e s t a t e m e n t , p l u s t h e h i g h re lia b ility

o f t h e Ju m p in g R each t e s t ,

fin a l b a tte ry .

i t w as c h o s e n f o r t h e

T h is t e s t a l s o p ro v id e d f o r th e t a l l boy

w h o , u n a b l e t o . jum p o f f t h e g r o u n d l i k e c o u ld be a n a s s e t b e c a u se o f h i s

sm a lle r b o y s,

reach .

still

S p e a k in g o f th e

im p o r ta n c e o f t h e t a l l b o y i n b a s k e t b a l l , H obson s a i d : M o st i m p o r t a n t 1. Be p a t i e n t w i t h a n d r e t a i n on t h e squad a l l r e a l l y b ig boys u n t i l you a r e s u re th e y h ave no c h a n c e . A s i x f o o t s i x i n c h b o y , a w k w a rd a s a F r e s h m a n , may w i n a c h a m p i o n s h i p f o r y o u a s a S e n i o r . Many t a l l b o y s l o o k h o p e l e s s w h e n t h e y f i r s t t u r n o u t fo r b a sk e tb a ll. Sound a d v ic e t o a n y c o a c h i s - - d o n f t s e l l t h e b i g man s h o r t . T h e b e s t w ay t o b e a t t h e t a l l man i s t o g e t o n e t a l l e r . ^ F o llo w in g th e ta b le

se le c tio n

of th e

te n ta tiv e b a tte ry ,

o f i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s was c o n s t r u c t e d

w ere d u p l i c a t i o n s fo llo w in g p ag e, each o th e r.

in any of th e t e s t s .

sh o w s t h e c o r r e l a t i o n s

Low i n t e r c o r r e l a t i o n s

to

see i f

T a b le I I I ,

a

th e re on t h e

o f th e t e s t s w ith

fo r a ll

te s ts

W e a v in g D r i b b l e a n d S p e e d P a s s w e r e r e c o r d e d .

except

M c C lo y , i n

R u th B . G la sso w a n d M a rio n R . B r o e r , M e a s u rin g A c h i e v e m e n t i n P h v s i c a l E d u c a t i o n ( P h i l a d e l p h i a : W. B . S a u n d e r s C o ra p a n y , 1 9 3 9 )> P« 9 ^ • ^ H o w ard A. H o b s o n , S c i e n t i f i c B a s k e t b a l l (New Y o r k : P r e n t i c e - H a 1 1 , I n c . , 1 9 ^ 9 ) * P* 2 0 2 •

4o TABLE I I I INTERCORRELATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL TESTS COMPRISING THE TENTATIVE TEST BATTERY

F ie ld G o a lsS h o rt F ie ld G o a lsS h o rt

Speed Pass

W e a v in g D rib b le

L a te ra l S h iftin g

.1 2

.2 2

-.2 0

.0 7

Ju m p in g R each

Speed Pass

.1 2

------

.6 9

.2 8

.2 4

W e a v in g D rib b le

.2 2

.6 9

------

.2 4

.0 6

-.2 0

.2 8

.2 4

------

.2 3

.0 7

.2 4

.0 6

>23

L a te ra l S h iftin g J u m p in g R each

------

41 d isc u ssin g s itu a tio n s

such as t h i s . s t a t e d :

I f tw o t e s t s a p p a r e n t l y m e a s u r e a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e sam e t h i n g , t h a t i s , t h e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e tw o i s v e r y h i g h , one o f th em c a n b e d i s p e n s e d w i t h . W h ic h o f t h e tw o i s t o b e d r o p p e d w i l l d e p e n d l a r g e l y u p o n t h e r e l a t i v e s iz e of th e c o r r e l a t io n s w ith th e c r i t e r i o n , th e one w ith th e h ig h e r c o r r e l a t i o n b e in g r e t a i n e d . S o m e tim e s, h o w e v e r, o t h e r t h i n g s m u st b e t a k e n i n t o a c ­ c o u n t, such as d i f f i c u l t i e s of a d m in is te rin g th e t e s t , o r c o s t o f e q u ip m e n t.5 As t h e S p e e d P a s s t e s t h a d t h e h i g h e r v a l i d i t y a n d a lm o st e q u a l r e l i a b i l i t y , b a tte ry . te s ts .

The T hese

i t w as s e l e c t e d f o r t h e f i n a l

f i n a l b a t t e r y was t h e n t o c o n s i s t o f

fo u r

w ere:

1 . F ie ld G o a ls-S h o rt. 2 . Speed P a s s . 3 . L a te ra l S h iftin g . 4 . Ju m p in g R e a c h . C o m p u ta tio n o f r e l i a b i l i t y b a tte ry .

The r e l i a b i l i t y

was c o m p u ted n e x t .

fiv e

and v a l i d i t y

To d o t h i s ,

t e s t w as c o n s t r u c t e d .

and v a l i d i t y

o f th e t e s t

of th e t e s t b a t t e r y

a sc o rin g ta b le f o r each

T h e r a n g e o f t h e s c o r i n g t a b l e w as

s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n s a b o v e a n d b e lo w t h e m ean.

ty p e o f a s c o rin g ta b le

T h is

i s k now n a s t h e F i v e - S t a n d a r d -

D e v ia tio n T -S co re p ro p o sed by M c C a ll.^

T ab le V I,

lo c a te d

5 C h a r l e s H a r o l d M c C lo y , T e s t s a n d M e a s u r e m e n t s i n H e a l t h a n d P h y s i c a l E d u c a t i o n (New Y o r k : A p p l e t o n - C e n t u r y C r o f t s , In c . , 1 9 4 2 ), p p . 169- 7 0 . ^ W i l l i a m A . M c C a l l , M e a s u r e m e n t (New Y o r k : T h e M a c m i l l a n Company, 1 9 3 9 )> PP« 3 0 5 - 0 6 .

42 i n t h e A p p e n d i x , sh o w s t h e T - s c o r e s c o r i n g t a b l e c o n s t r u c t e d f o r th e e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p . The s u b j e c t s *

p e rfo rm a n c e s in e a c h t e s t w ere a s s ig n e d

a p o in t v a lu e o r T - s c o r e .

T h ese p o i n t s w ere ad d ed t o g e t h e r

to g iv e a t o t a l sc o re f o r th e b a t t e r y .

T h i s w as d o n e b o t h

f o r th e i n i t i a l t e s t and th e r e - t e s t . th e n ranked a c c o rd in g to

t h e i r t o t a l s c o r e s , b o t h on t h e

i n i t i a l t e s t and r e - t e s t . d ix ,

The s u b j e c t s w e re

T a b le V I I , lo c a te d

in

th e A ppen­

sh o w s t h e T - s c o r e s o n b o t h t h e i n d i v i d u a l t e s t s

and

t e s t b a t t e r y m ade b y t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l g r o u p t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e i r t e s t r a n k on t h e i n i t i a l a n d t h e r e - t e s t . U s i n g t h e sa m e s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e a s w as u s e d f o r th e

in d iv id u a l t e s t s ,

th e r e l i a b i l i t y

p u te d f o r th e b a t t e r y . .8 9 a n d t h e v a l i d i t y I I .

a n d v a l i d i t y w e r e com ­

The r e l i a b i l i t y

w as c o m p u t e d t o b e

.7 2 .

APPLICATION OP TEST BATTERY TO UNSELECTED GROUP A d m in is tra tio n of b a tte r y

to u n se le c te d g ro u p .

The

t e s t b a t t e r y was a d m i n i s t e r e d t o t h e b o y s i n t h e p h y s i c a l e d u c a tio n c la s s e s , m in is te re d

an u n s e le c te d g ro u p .

on D ecem ber 7 - 8 ,

1949.

on b a s k e t b a l l h a d b e e n o r g a n i z e d

T h e t e s t w as a d ­

At t h is

tim e ,

ju s t six d ay s.

th e u n it In t h i s

tim e t h e c l a s s e s h a d e l e c t e d te a m l e a d e r s an d t h e y i n t u r n had chosen te a m s .

One d a y h a d b e e n u s e d t o d i s c u s s

The re m a in d e r o f t h e tim e had b e en u se d in d r i l l s

to

ru le s. te a c h

^3 th e fu n d a m e n ta ls o f p a s s in g , and g u a rd in g .

Up t o

th is

c a tc h in g ,

tim e ,

sh o o tin g , d r ib b lin g ,

th e s tu d e n ts had n o t e n ­

g a g e d i n a c o m p l e t e game s i t u a t i o n .

On t h e f i r s t d a y t h e

Ju m p in g R e a c h , S peed P a s s , an d L a t e r a l S h i f t i n g t e s t s w ere g iv e n .

On t h e s e c o n d d a y t h e F i e l d G o a I s - S h o r t t e s t w as

g iv e n to c o m p le te th e b a t t e r y .

The t e s t c o u ld h a v e b e e n

g iv e n i n one p e r i o d had b a s k e t b a l l g o a ls b e e n a v a i l a b l e d o o rs .

in ­

S t u d e n t s who w e r e m em b ers o f t h e s c h o o l b a s k e t b a l l

te a m s w e re e x c u s e d fro m t a k i n g t h e t e s t w ith ' t h e r e s t p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n s tu d e n ts .

of th e

T h e r e a s o n f o r t h i s w as t h a t

th e y had ta k e n th e t e s t p r e v i o u s ly , and i f

th e y to o k i t

a g a i n t h e e f f e c t o f f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h t h e t e s t w o u ld t e n d t o d isto rt

t h e i r p e rfo rm a n c e i n c o m p a riso n w ith t h e p h y s i c a l

e d u c a tio n s t u d e n ts . ers

As t h e r e w e r e a t l e a s t tw o t e a m p l a y ­

in each p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n c l a s s ,

a s s ista n ts c a te d

to m easure,

th e y w ere u se d a s

tim e , and r e c o r d .

in t h e A p p e n d ix , p r e s e n t s

p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n s tu d e n ts

T a b le V I I I ,

lo ­

th e p erfo rm an ces o f th e

on t h e t e s t b a t t e r y .

R a n k in g o f u n s e l e c t e d g ro u p a c c o r d i n g t o p l a y i n g a b ility .

On F e b r u a r y 3 ,

been c o m p le te d .

1 9 5 0 t h e u n i t on b a s k e t b a l l h a d

D u rin g t h i s

tim e e a c h squad b a s k e t b a l l

te a m h a d c o m p e te d i n a t l e a s t tw e n ty g a m e s.

E very p la y e r

on a tea m p l a y e d a t l e a s t o n e - q u a r t e r o f e a c h gam e. th e stu d e n ts

in each c la s s ,

A ll

I n c l u d i n g m em b ers o f s c h o o l

b a s k e t b a l l t e a m , who h a d t a k e n t h e t e s t ,

w ere r a t e d

44 a c c o rd in g to t h e i r p la y in g a b i l i t y . by c la s s f i r s t .

E a c h s u b j e c t f s r a t i n g w as p u t on a f i l e

c a rd w ith h i s nam e.

A fte r each c la s s had b een r a te d ,

c l a s s e s w e re c o m b in e d a n d a r a t i n g g r o u p w as m a d e .

T h e r a t i n g s w e r e m ade

th e

o f a l l t h e c l a s s e s a s one

To c o m b i n e t h e c l a s s e s

c o n siste n tly

in to

o n e g r o u p , t h e m a n - t o - m a n r a t i n g s c a l e d e s c r i b e d b y M cC loy^ w as u s e d .

T h is r a n k i n g becam e t h e c r i t e r i o n a g a i n s t w h ic h

t h e p e r f o r m a n c e s o n t h e t e s t b a t t e r y w o u ld b e c o r r e l a t e d . C o m p u ta tio n o f v a l i d i t y ed g r o u p .

of t e s t b a tte ry f o r u n s e le c tr

A s c o r i n g t a b l e was c o n s t r u c t e d f o r e a c h t e s t *

T h e sam e s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e w as u s e d i n m a k i n g t h e s e sc o rin g ta b le s

t h a t w as e m p l o y e d i n c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e s c o r i n g

ta b le s f o r th e t e s t s

ta k e n by th e e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p .

IX ,

sh o w s t h e T - s c o r e t a b l e

i n t h e A p p e n d ix ,

T a b le

c o n stru c te d f o r

th e u n se le c te d g ro u p . A f te r th e s c o rin g ta b l e s had been c o n s tr u c te d ,

a

t o t a l s c o r e f o r t h e b a t t e r y w as o b t a i n e d f o r e a c h s u b j e c t . The s u b j e c t s w ere t h e n ra n k e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h a t s c o r e . T a b le X, te s ts

i n t h e A p p e n d i x , sh o w s t h e T - s c o r e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l

a n d t e s t b a t t e r y m ade b y t h e u n s e l e c t e d g r o u p t o g e t h e r

w ith t h e i r c r i t e r i o n and t e s t ra n k . U s in g t h e r a n k - d i f f e r e n c e m eth o d a s p r e v i o u s l y d e ­ sc rib e d ,

th e v a li d i ty

o f t h e b a t t e r y w as c o m p u t e d .

7 McCloy, op_. c i t . . p . 2 0 5 .

F o r th e

45 u n s e le c te d gro u p th e v a l i d i t y

III.

o f t h e b a t t e r y was

.8 1 .

COMPARISON OP SCORES MADE BY EXPERIMENTAL AND UNSELECTED GROUPS

To f u r t h e r a s c e r t a i n t h e v a l i d i t y te ry ,

of th e t e s t b a t ­

t h e p e r f o r m a n c e s a n d s c o r e s m ade b y t h e b a s k e t b a l l

t e a m m em b ers w e r e c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e s c o r e s a n d p e r f o r m a n c e s of th e p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n s t u d e n ts . of a n a ly sis,

S p e a k in g o f t h i s

ty p e

G la sso w a n d B r o e r re m a rk e d :

C o m p a r i s o n o f g r o u p s i s a c o m m only u s e d m e th o d o f in d ic a tin g v a lid ity . I f th e av erag e t e s t sc o re of a g r o u p kno w n t o b e s u p e r i o r i s m a r k e d l y h i g h e r t h a n th e a v e r a g e t e s t s c o r e o f a n i n f e r i o r grou p ^ th e d i f ­ fe re n c e in d ic a te s th e v a l i d i t y o f th e t e s t . ° U s i n g t h e m ean p e r f o r m a n c e s a n d s c o r e s as a b a sis

o f e ac h g roup

o f c o m p a r i s o n , t h e b a s k e t b a l l t e a m m em b ers e x ­

ceded th e p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n s tu d e n ts b in in g th e sc o re s

on i n d i v i d u a l t e s t s ,

on e a c h t e s t .

Com­

t h e b a s k e t b a l l te a m

h a d a m ean s c o r e o f 2 3 0 . 4 a n d t h e p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n s t u ­ d e n t s a m ea n s c o r e o f 1 9 7 . 4 .

T a b le IV , on t h e f o l l o w i n g

p a g e , p r e s e n t s a c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e m ea n p e r f o r m a n c e s a n d s c o re s o f th e e x p e rim e n ta l and u n s e le c te d g r o u p s .

o

Glassow and Broer, op., cit., p. 3 6 .

46 TABLE IV . COMPARISON OF MEAN PERFORMANCES AND SCORES OF BASKETBALL TEAM AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

T e s t S co re Name o f te st

B a sk e tb a ll team

F ie ld G o a ls-S h o rt

1 1 .9

7 .3

Speed P ass

1 3 .5

L a te ra l S h iftin g Ju m p in g R each T est B a tte ry

P h y sic a l E d u c a tio n c la s s e s

T -S co re B a sk e tb a ll team

P h y sic a l E d u c a tio n c la ss e s

59.2

49.1

1 1 .8

58.

50.

18 .6

15.2

6 0 .4

4 8 .2

9 9 .4

9 7 .4

52.8

50.1

2 3 0 .4

1 9 7 .4

47 IV .

COMPARISON OP SCORES MADE BY ALL CANDIDATES FOR BASKETBALL TEAM

As t h e f i n a l a t t e m p t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e v a l i d i t y

of th e

b a t t e r y a s a m eans o f p r e d i c t i n g p o t e n t i a l b a s k e t b a l l a b i l i ­ ty ,

th e sc o re of a l l

s t u d e n t s who h a d b e e n c a n d i d a t e s f o r

t h e s c h o o l b a s k e t b a l l team w e re a n a l y z e d . ra n k e d fro m th e h i g h e s t t o th e lo w e s t.

The s c o r e s w e re T h i s r a n k i n g w as

c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e r a t i n g g i v e n e a c h p l a y e r a s h e w as c u t . fro m th e sq u a d .

The r e m a in in g p l a y e r s w e re a l s o r a n k e d .

The c o r r e l a t i o n b e tw e e n t h e t e s t g i v e n b y t h e c o a c h was

.8 0 .

T a b le X I,

s c o re and ra n k in g i n t h e A p p en d ix ,

p r e s e n ts th e s c o re s and ra n k in g s o f a l l c a n d id a te s f o r th e s c h o o l b a s k e t b a l l te a m . V.

DISCUSSION OF STANDARDS OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

B e fo re d e f i n i t e

s t a t e m e n t s c o u l d b e m ade r e g a r d i n g

th e v a lu e o f th e b a t t e r y , c rite ria

i t w as n e c e s s a r y t o e s t a b l i s h

f o r u s e a s g u i d e s i n m ak in g c o m p a r is o n s .

som e

G la sso w

and B ro e r s t a t e d ,

f,No t e s t s h o u l d b e a c c e p t e d f o r u s e w i t h ­

out su b je c tin g

t o tw o q u e s t i o n s .

How v a l i d

is

it

How r e l i a b l e

Is

it?

it? 9

On t h e s u b j e c t o f a c c e p t a b l e

re lia b ility ,

9 Glassow and Broer, op., c i t ., p. 17.

G a rre tt

48 sta te d ,

f,T o b e a r e l i a b l e m e a s u r e o f c a p a c i t y ,

a m e n ta l o r

p h y s i c a l t e s t s h o u l d — g e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g — h a v e a m inim um re lia b ility

c o e ffic ie n t of a t le a s t

. 8 0 . 1,10

Ruch an d S to d d a r d p r e s e n t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g g u id e f o r re lia b ility

c o e ffic ie n ts:

•95

to

.9 9

.9 0 .8 0

to to

.9 4 .8 9

.7 0

to

• 79

b e lo w

.7 0

V e r y h i g h — r a r e l y f o u n d am ong p r e s e n t te s ts . H i g h — e q u a l e d b y a fe w o f t h e b e s t t e s t s . F a i r l y h ig h — f a i r l y a d e q u a te f o r i n d i v i ­ d u a l m e a su re m e n t. R a th e r lo w - - a d e q u a te f o r g ro u p m easurem ent b u t n o t v ery s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r in d iv id u a l m e a su re m e n t. L o w --e n tire ly in a d e q u a te f o r in d iv id u a l m easurem en t a lth o u g h u s e f u l f o r g ro u p a v e ra g e s and sc h o o l s u r v e y s .1!

G la sso w a n d B r o e r , w r i t i n g

on r e l i a b i l i t y

sa id :

A u th o ritie s ag ree th a t a r e l i a b i l i t y c o e f f ic ie n t a b o v e .9 i s d e s i r a b l e i f t h e t e s t i s t o b e u s e d f o r i n d i v i d u a l m e a su re m e n t, b u t t h a t i t i s d i f f i c u l t t o f i n d t e s t s w h ic h a r e d e p e n d a b le to t h a t d e g r e e . An f,r ,f o f .8 o r a b o v e i s , t h e r e f o r e a c c e p t a b l e . W h ile t h i s a p p e a r s t o b e a lo w s t a n d a r d , i t i s i n r e a l i t y b e t t e r t h a n i n s t r u c t o r s a r e a b l e t o do i n s u b j e c t i v e l y r a n k i n g p u p i l s a c c o r d i n g t o a b i l i t y . 12 The l i t e r a t u r e was n o t a s s p e c i f i c sta n d a rd s of v a l i d i t y . sta n d a rd s

G a rre tt,

on a c c e p t a b l e

s p e a k in g on a c c e p t a b l e

of v a lid ity sa id :

H enry E . G a r r e t t , S t a t i s t i c s i n P s y c h o lo g y an d E d u c a t i o n (New Y o r k : L o n g m a n s , G r e e n a n d C o m p an y , 1 9 2 6>), p. 269* G . M. R uch a n d G . D . S t o d d a r d , T e s t s a n d M e a s u r e m e n t s i n H i g h S c h o o l I n s t r u c t i o n ( Y o n k e r s - o n - H u d s o n , New Y o r k : W o r l d B o o k C o m p an y , 1 9 2 7 ) , p . 2 2 . ^

Glassow and Broer, op., c i t .. p. 22.

49 S t r i c t l y s p e a k i n g , t h e t e r r a “h i g h c o r r e l a t i o n ” s h o u l d h e a p p l i e d o n l y t o c o e f f i c i e n t s w h i c h a r e .9 5 o r , a b o v e . H ow ever, i n m e n t a l , s o c i a l , a n d e d u c a t i o n a l m e a su re m e n ts t h e r e a r e s o m any a c t u a l a n d p o t e n t i a l s o u r c e s o f e r r o r due to th e v a r i a b i l i t y o f th e m a t e r i a l d e a l t w ith , and t h e r e l a t i v e c r u d i t y o f t h e m e a su re m e n ts m ade, t h a t v e r y fe w t e s t s i n d e e d c o u l d m e e t t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t . V ery s e l d o m d o c o r r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t e s t s r u n a b o v e a .7 0 o r •7 5 ; a n d h e n c e i t i s p r o b a b l y j u s t i f i a b l e , i n v i e w o f t h e io n s m e n tio n e d , to r e g a r d su ch c o e f f i c i e n t s a s h ig h . G lasso w an d B r o e r , m e n ts i n a b a t t e r y

sp e a k in g o f v a l i d i t y

of t e s t e le

sta te d :

T e s t e le m e n ts w h ic h a r e t o b e u s e d o n ly a s a p a r t o f a b a tte r y of t e s t s , need n o t have as g re a t a d eg ree of r e la tio n s h ip w ith th e c r i t e r i o n as does an a c c e p ta b le m easu re. F o r e x a m p le , a t e s t t o be v a l i d s h o u ld h a v e a d e g r e e o f r e l a t i o n s h i p a t l e a s t a s h i g h a s .7 b u t w h e n v a l i d i t y o f th e s e p a r a te e le m e n ts i s c o n s id e r e d , a t e s t e l e m e n t may h a v e a c o m p a r a t i v e l y lo w c o e f f i c i e n t o f c o r ­ r e l a t i o n w ith th e c r i t e r i o n and y e t be a v a lu a b le a d d i­ t i o n t o t h e w h o l e t e s t . 14 S till

on t h e s u b j e c t o f t e s t v a l i d i t y ,

M cCloy r e m a r k -

ed: H ence, c o n tr a r y to th e u s u a l s ta te m e n ts in te x tb o o k s of r e s e a r c h , th e r e i s no g e n e ra l r u le a s to th e d e g re e o f v a l i d i t y t h a t m u s t b e d e m a n d e d b e f o r e a t e s t may b e c o n sid e re d u s e f u l. I t d e p e n d s on t h e t e s t a n d i t s p u r p o s e s .1 5 H a v in g p r e s e n t e d g u id e s f o r a c c e p t a b l e and v a l i d i t y

sta n d a rd s,

re lia b ility

t h e f i n d i n g s c a n b e com pared and

c o n c lu s io n s m ade.

■*■3 G a r r e t t , p p . c i t . , p . 2 9 8 . ^

G la sso w a n d B r o e r ,

^•5 M c C lo y , p p . c i t . . ,

op., c i t . , p . 7*

p p . 4 3 “4 4 .

CHAPTER V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I .

SUMMARY

T h e p r o b l e m f o r s t u d y w a s s t a t e d a s f o l l o w s :: th e p u rp o se of t h i s

stu d y to d e v e lo p a t e s t f o r p r e d i c t i n g

th e p o te n tia l b a s k e tb a ll p la y in g a b i l i t y fresh m en .

o f h ig h sc h o o l

T h is p ro b le m can b e o f im p o rta n c e t o b o th

c o a c h e s and p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n i n s t r u c t o r s , th e y have to fa c e tim e .

I t w as

la rg e

e s p e c i a l l y w here

g ro u p s o f s tu d e n ts f o r th e f i r s t

The s t u d y was l i m i t e d t o p r o g n o s t i c

t e s t i n g f o r h ig h

sch o o l fresh m en . T w e n ty f r e s h m e n b a s k e t b a l l t e a m m em b ers w e r e s e l e c t e d f o r th e e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p . a b le l i t e r a t u r e ,

six

A fte r a su rv ey of th e a v a i l ­

s k i l l s w ere s e l e c t e d a s th e b a s i c

fu n d a m e n ta ls o f b a s k e t b a l l . p a ssin g ,

T hese s k i l l s w ere: s h o o tin g ,

c a t c h i n g , d r i b b l i n g , fo o tw o rk , and ju m p in g .

cause of t h e i r re la tio n s h ip

to each o th e r , p a s s in g and

c a t c h i n g w e re r e g a r d e d a s one s k i l l i n t h e s t u d y . te s ts

B e­

Two

t o m ea su re e a c h o f t h e s e fu n d a m e n ta ls w ere s e l e c t e d

a f t e r a su rv e y o f p re v io u s b a s k e t b a l l p r o g n o s tic and a ch ie v e m e n t t e s t s .

To t e s t s h o o t i n g ,

g o a ls a g a i n s t tim e w ere u s e d .

of fie ld

P a s s in g and c a t c h i n g w ere

m easured by s t a t i o n a r y and s h i f t i n g a w a ll.

tw o t e s t s

speed p a s s in g a g a in s t

D r i b b l i n g was m e a su re d b y w e a v in g d r i b b l e a n d

51 d r i b b le and sh o o t t e s t s *

To m e a s u r e f o o t w o r k ,

s h i f t i n g an d w e av in g ru n t e s t s w ere u s e d . m easured by th e v e r t i c a l

la te ra l

J u m p i n g w as

jum p t e s t w i t h b o t h t h e h e i g h t

ju m p e d a n d t h e h e i g h t r e a c h e d b e i n g r e c o r d e d *

The c r i t e r i ­

o n a g a i n s t w h i c h t h e s e t e s t s w e r e t o b e v a l i d a t e d w as a su b je c tiv e

ra tin g

o f t h e gam e a b i l i t y

o f th e e x p e rim e n ta l

g r o u p m em b ers m ade b y t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r . A f te r t e s t i n g and r e - t e s t i n g th e fiv e

te s ts

th e e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p ,

found t o be m ost v a li d and r e l i a b l e f o r

p r e d ic tin g p o t e n t i a l p la y in g a b i l i t y w ere:

sh o rt f ie ld

g o a ls,

s t a t i o n a r y sp e e d p a s s i n g a g a i n s t a w a l l , w e av in g d r i b b l e , la te r a l sh iftin g ,

a n d ju m p in g r e a c h *

W e a v in g d r i b b l e w as

e li m in a te d fro m th e p ro p o s e d b a t t e r y b e c a u s e o f h ig h c o r r e ­ l a t i o n w ith th e speed p a ss t e s t .

The f o u r ite m s s e l e c t e d

t o m ea su re p o t e n t i a l p l a y i n g a b i l i t y w ere s h o r t f i e l d speed p a s s ,

l a t e r a l s h i f t i n g , a n d ju m p in g r e a c h .

F o r th e

e x p e r im e n ta l g ro u p t h e s e f o u r ite m s h ad a r e l i a b i l i t y .8 9 a n d a v a l i d i t y

of

.7 2 .

g o a ls,

of

When a d m i n i s t e r e d t o a n u n ­

s e l e c t e d g ro u p o f n in e ty -tw o p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n s t u d e n ts , t h e v a l i d i t y was

.8 1 .

When a p p l i e d t o c a n d i d a t e s f o r t h e

s c h o o l b a s k e t b a l l te a m , t h e c o r r e l a t i o n b e tw e e n th e f o u r ite m s and t h e r a t i n g

o f t h e c o a c h w as

a l a tte m p t to e s t a b l i s h

th e v a l i d i t y

p r e d i c t i n g p o t e n t i a l game a b i l i t y

.8 0 .

In an a d d itio n ­

o f th e fo u r t e s t s

fo r

t h e m ean T - s c o r e s a n d

p e rfo rm a n c e s o f th e e x p e r im e n ta l and u n s e l e c t e d g ro u p s w ere

52 compared.

The experimental group had better performances

and T-scores on each of the four tests. II. A fte r an a n a ly s is

CONCLUSIONS

o f th e f i n d in g s fro m th e s tu d y ,

th e

f o l lo w in g c o n c l u s i o n s c a n be m ade. 1 . The f o u r i te m s : F i e l d G o a l s - S h o r t , S peed P a s s , L a t e r a l S h i f t i n g , a n d J u m p i n g R e a c h se e m t o b e r e l i a b l e . F o r th e e x p e rim e n ta l g ro u p , th e r e l i a b i l i t y

w as

.8 9 .

T he

J u m p i n g R e a c h t e s t w as t h e m o s t r e l i a b l e

i n d iv i d u a l ite m

w ith a r e l i a b i l i t y

The r e l i a b i l i t y

c o e ffic ie n ts

c o e ffic ie n t of

.9 8 .

o f th e o t h e r ite m s w e re : Speed P a ss

L a te ra l S h iftin g

.93> a n d F i e l d G o a l s - S h o r t

.85 >

.9 2 .

2 . T h e sam e f o u r i t e m s w hen a d m i n i s t e r e d t o g e t h e r have re a so n a b le v a li d i ty f o r p r e d ic tin g p o te n tia l b a s k e tb a ll p la y in g a b i l i t y

f o r h ig h sch o o l fresh m en .

m e n ta l o r b a s k e t b a l l tea m g ro u p ,

th e v a l i d i t y a s m easured

a g a in s t th e i n s t r u c t o r 's

r a t i n g s w as

a g a in s t th e i n s t r u c t o r 's

ra tin g s,

s e le c te d

v a lid

.7 2 .

As m e a s u r e d

th e v a li d i ty f o r th e un­

o r p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n g ro u p was

c a n d id a te s f o r th e

F or th e e x p e r i­

.8 1 ; and f o r

s c h o o l b a s k e t b a l l tea m ,

.8 0 .

T he m o s t

i n d i v i d u a l i t e m w as t h e J u m p i n g R e a c h t e s t w i t h a

v a lid ity c o e ffic ie n t of

.5 3 *

The v a l i d i t y

th e re m a in in g ite m s w e re : Speed P a ss •3A, a n d F i e l d G o a l s - S h o r t

.2 5 .

c o e ffic ie n ts

of

.A 4 , L a t e r a l S h i f t i n g

The v a l i d i t y c o e f f i c i e n t s

of the individual tests were too low for any item to be used singly as a predictive measure. 3* T h e s e f o u r i t e m s s e e m t o b e v a l i d f o r u s e i n c la ss ify in g

o r se g re g a tin g stu d e n ts

i n t o g r o u p s on t h e b a s i s

of p o te n tia l b a s k e tb a ll p la y in g a b i l i t y , ra te

but are not accu ­

enough to p r e d i c t th e in d iv id u a l ra n k in g o f s tu d e n ts

w ith in th e g ro u p .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.

BOOKS

A l l e n , F o r r e s t Co, B e t t e r B a s k e t b a l l . New Y o r k : W h i t t l e s e y H o u s e , M c G r a w - H i l l B o o k C o m p an y , I n c . , I 9 3 7 . 490 p p . A c o m p le te s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l . C o n t a i n s c h a p t e r s on fu n d a m e n ta ls, s t y l e s o f o ffe n s e and d e fe n s e , c o n d itio n ­ in g , f i r s t a id . C o m p le te w i t h d ia g r a m s a n d i l l u s t r a ­ tio n s . B a u m e r , W i l l i a m H . , e d i t o r , S p o r t s : As T a u g h t a n d P l a y e d a t W est P o i n t . H a r r i s b u r g ; The M i l i t a r y S e r v i c e P u b l i s h ­ i n g C o m p an y , 1 9 3 9 * ' 3 5 1 .P P * An i n s t r u c t i o n a l b o o k o n s p o r t s . S tr e s s e s fu n d a m e n ta ls. Some t e a m p l a y a n d s t r a t e g y a r e p r e s e n t e d a l s o . B ee, C l a i r , P r i l l s and F u n d a m e n ta ls. a n d C o m p an y , 1 9 4 2 . I l l pp.

Hew Y o r k : A. S . B a r n e s

I n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l on f u n d a m e n ta ls a n d m eth o d s o f th em t o p l a y e r s • C o m p le te w i t h d ia g r a m s a n d i l l u s t r a ­ tio n s . B o v a r d , J o h n F . , a n d F r e d e r i c k W. C o z e n s , T e s t s a n d M e a s u r e ­ m en ts i n P h v s i c a l E d u c a t i o n . P h i l a d e l p h i a : W. B . S a u n d e r s C o m p an y , 1 9 3 3 * 427 p p . A c o m p le te s o u r c e on p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n t e s t s a n d m ea s­ u re m e n ts . G iv e s h i s t o r i c a l re v ie w o f t e s t i n g i n p h y s ic a l e d u c a tio n , p ro c e d u re s f o r c o n s tr u c tio n , a d m in i­ s t r a t i o n , s c o r in g , and v a li d a t i o n o f t e s t s . B r a c e , D a v i d K . , M e a s u r i n g M o to r A b i l i t y . B a r n e s a n d C o m p an y , 1927* 133 p p .

New Y o r k : A . S .

P re s e n ts t e s t s in b a s k e t b a ll , s o f t b a l l , in d o o r s o c c e r, t r a c k an d f i e l d , a s w e l l a s t e s t s o f g e n e r a l m o to r a b ility . I n s tr u c tio n s f o r sc o rin g a re a ls o g iv e n . B u n n , J o h n W ., B a s k e t b a l l M e t h o d s . C om pany, 1 9 3 9 * 3 ^ 7 PP*

New Y o r k : T h e M a c m i l l a n

C o v ers a l l p h a s e s o f gam e. P r a c t ic e sc h e d u le s and m e th o d s o f i n s t r u c t i o n a r e p r e s e n t e d a l s o . Zone d e fe n se f e a tu re d In book. C o m p le te w i t h d ia g r a m s a n d Illu s tra tio n s .

56 B u t s c h , R . I t . C . , Hov T o R e a d S t a t i s t i c s . M ilw a u k ee : The B r u c e P u b l i s h i n g Company* 1 9 4 6 . 184 p p . G iv e s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n n o lo g y .-

of s t a t i s t i c a l p ro c e d u re and te r m i­

C a m p b e l l , W i l l i a m G i l e s , A F o rm B ook F o r T h e s i s W r i t i n g . New Y o r k : H o u g h t o n M i f f l i n C o m p an y , 1 9 3 9 * 122 p p . E x p la in s and i l l u s t r a t e s

th e d e t a i l s

C a rlso n , H. C l if f o r d , B a s k e tb a ll. n a l l s C om pany , 1 9 3 8 . 1 8 9 PP*

of th e s is w ritin g .

New Y o r k : F u n k a n d W ag-

C o m p l e t e s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l . F e a tu r e s F ig u re E ig h t o r c o n tin u ity s ty le of p la y . C o m p le te w i t h d ia g r a m s and i l l u s t r a t i o n s . C o z e n s , F r e d e r i c k W ., M a r t i n H . T r i e b , a n d N . P . N e i l s o n , P h y s i c a l E d u c a ti o n A c h ie v e m e n t S c a l e s f o r Bovs i n t h e S econ dary S c h o o ls . New Y o r k : A . S . B a r n e s a n d C om pany, 1 9 3 6 . 1 5 5 pp« P r e s e n t s m any a c h i e v e m e n t t e s t s f o r b o y s . C o m p le te w ith s c o rin g ta b l e s and p ro ce d u re f o r a d m in is tr a tio n of te s ts . C o z e n s , F r e d e r i c k W ., P r o b l e m M a n u a l i n F h v s i c a l E d u c a t i o n M e asu rem en ts. P h i l a d e l p h i a : W. B . S a u n d e r s C o m p an y ,

1932.

IS 5- p p .

A l a b o r a t o r y m anu al f o r p h y s i c a l e d u c a tio n m e a su re m e n t. S t a t i s t i c a l fo rm u la and p ro c e d u re a r e g iv e n . In c lu d e s t a b l e s u se d i n co m p u tin g s t a t i s t i c a l p ro b le m s . D ean, E v e r e tt S ., P ro g re s s iv e B a s k e tb a ll . P a lo A lto , C a li­ f o r n ia : S ta n fo rd U n iv e rs ity P re s s , 1946. 234 p p . C o m p le te s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l . C o n t a i n s c h a p t e r s on fu n d a m e n ta ls, s t y l e s o f o ffe n s e and d e fe n s e . A l s o m a­ t e r i a l on m e th o d s , s t r a t e g y , c o n d i t i o n i n g , p r a c t i c e sc h e d u le s. C o m p le te w i t h d ia g ra m s a n d i l l u s t r a t i o n s . G a r r e t t , H enry E . , S t a t i s t i c s i n P s y c h o lo g y a n d E d u c a t i o n . New Y o r k : H .ongm ans, G r e e n a n d C om p an y, 1 9 2 6 . 3 1 7 PP* D e s c r i b e s s t a t i s t i c a l p r o c e d u r e a n d how t o s t a t i s t i c a l d a ta .

in te rp re t

57 G la s s o w , R u th B . , a n d M a rlo n E . B r o e r , M e a s u rin g A c h ie v e m e n t In P h y s ic a l E d u c a tio n . P h ila d e lp h ia : ¥ . B . S a u n d ers. C om pany, 1 9 3 9 ^ 34^- p p . A g u id e t o and c r i t i q u e

of s k i l l te s ts

i n m any s p o r t s .

G u l l i o n , B l a i r , 100 D r i l l s f o r T e a c h in g B a s k e t b a l l Fundam en­ ta ls . S to r r s , C o n n e c tic u t: U n iv e rs ity o f C o n n e c tic u t, 1946. 47 PP* P r e s e n t s f u n d a m e n ta ls an d m eth o d s f o r t a c h in g * p le te w ith d ia g ra m s•

Com­

H e a l e y , W i l l i a m A . , H ig h S c h o o l B a s k e t b a l l . M in n e a p o lis : B u r g e s s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p an y , 19 W . 58 p p . C o m p l e t e s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l f o r h i g h s c h o o l l e v e l . P r e s e n ts fu n d a m e n ta ls , o f f e n s e and d e f e n s e , c o a c h in g h i n t s , p u rc h a s e and c a r e o f e q u ip m e n t. C o m p le te w i t h d iag ra m s and i l l u s t r a t i o n s . H o b s o n , H ow ard A . , B a s k e t b a l l I l l u s t r a t e d . B a r n e s a n d C o m p an y , 1 9 4 8 . 86 p p .

New Y o r k : A . S .

A c o m p le te s o u rc e o f b a s k e t b a l l f o r b e g in n e r s . C o vers f u n d a m e n ta ls a n d g i v e s e x a m p le s o f o f f e n s i v e a n d d e ­ fe n siv e p la y . W e ll i l l u s t r a t e d . _________ , S c i e n t i f i c B a s k e t b a l l . I n c . , 1949 . 250 p p .

New Y o r k : P r e n t i c e - H a l l ,

E m p h a s i z e s s t a t i s t i c a l d a t a on b a s k e t b a l l a n d how t o use and i n t e r p r e t i t . F e a t u r e s c h a p t e r s on s c o u t i n g . S u g g e s t s new i n n o v a t i o n s f o r i m p r o v e m e n t o f g a m e . H o lm an , N a t , C h a m p io n sh ip B a s k e t b a l l . T e c h n ic a l L ib ra ry , 1942. 155 p p .

C h ic a g o : L i t t l e

C o m p le te s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l . P r e s e n t s ‘g o o d i l l u s t r a ­ t i o n s on f u n d a m e n t a l s . S t r e s s e s m a n -to -m a n d e f e n s e . C o m p le te w i t h d i a g r a m s . H u g h e s , W i l l i a m L . , e d i t o r , T h e B o o k o f Mia.ior S p o r t s . Y o r k : A . S . B a r n e s & C o m p an y , 1 9 3 8 . 39^ p p .

New

An i n s t r u c t i o n a l s o u r c e on m a j o r s p o r t s . W ritte n f o r b e g in n in g p la y e r s and c o a c h e s. C o m p le te w i t h d i a g r a m s .

58 J o u r d e t , L on W ., a n d K e n n e t h A . H a s h a g e n , M o d e rn B a s k e t b a l l . P h i l a d e l p h i a : W. B . S a u n d e r s C o m pany, 1 9 3 9 * 1 6 5 PP* C o m p l e t e s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l . W e ll i l l u s t r a t e d and d ia g ra m m e d . P r e s e n t s c o a c h in g p ro b le m s and s u g g e s te d s o lu tio n s. M c C a l l , W i l l i a m H . , How To M e a s u r e I n E d u c a t i o n . M a c m i l l a n C o m p a n y , 1922"! 4l6> p p .

New Y o r k :

D e s c r i p t i o n o f m eth o d s i n r e s e a r c h an d m e a s u re m e n t. _________ , M e a s u r e m e n t . 1939 * 5 3 5 PP *

New Y o r k :

T h e M a c m i l l a n C om pany,

C o m p l e t e b o o k on m e a s u r e m e n t . . G i v e s f o r m u l a a n d p r o ­ ced u re . A r e v i s i o n o f t h e f o r m e r b o o ^ , How T o M e a s u r e In E d u c a tio n . M c C lo y , C h a r l e s H a r o l d , T e s t s a n d M e a s u r e m e n t s i n H e a l t h a n d P h v s ic a l E d u c a tio n . New Y o r k : A p p l e t o n - C e n t u r y - C r o f t s , I n c • , 19 4 2 . 412 pp . A c o m p le te s o u r c e on p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n m e a s u r e m e n ts . E x p la in s p ro c e d u re f o r c o n s tr u c tio n , a d m i n i s tr a tio n , sc o rin g , v a lid a tin g t e s t s . Many s c o r i n g t a b l e s f o r te s ts a re p re se n te d . R o s s , C . C . , M easurem ent i n T o d a v t s S c h o o l s . P re n tic e -H a ll, I n c ., 1946. 3 9 7 PP*

New Y o r k :

A b a s i c bo o k on m e a s u re m e n t. D isc u ss e s h i s t o r y , ty p e s o f t e s t s , e le m e n ta ry s t a t i s t i c a l p ro c e d u re , u se s and lim ita tio n s of t e s t s . Ruby, J . C r a ig , C o a ch in g B a s k e t b a l l . J . C r a i g R uby, 1931* 3 0 5 PP*

C h a m p a ig n , I l l i n o i s :

P re s e n ts fu n d a m e n ta ls. O th e r s e c t i o n s n e e d r e v i s i o n because of ru le ch an g es. R u c h , G . M .y a n d G . D . S t o d d a r d , T e s t s a n d M e a s u r e m e n t s i n Hifidi S c h o o l I n s t r u c t i o n . Y o n k e r s - o n - H u d s o n , New Y o r k : W o r l d B o o k C o m p an y , 1 9 2 7 . 381 p p . P r e s e n ts u se s and l i m i t a t i o n s of t e s t s . by w h ich t o ju d g e and s e l e c t t e s t s •

G iv e s c r i t e r i a

59 H upp, A d o lp h F . , R u p p f s C h a m p io n sh ip B a s k e t b a l l . P re n tic e -H a ll, I n c ., 1948. 240 p p . A c o m p l e t e s o u r c e on b a s k e t b a l l . c o n t a i n s m any d i a g r a m s o f p l a y s .

New Y o r k :

W e ll i l l u s t r a t e d

and

U n ite d S t a t e s N avy, T r a i n in g D i v i s i o n , A v ia tio n O f f ic e o f th e C h ie f o f N aval O p e ra tio n s , B a s k e t b a l l . A n n a p o lis , M a ry la n d : U n ite d S t a t e s N a v a l I n s t i t u t e , 1943* 257 p p . A c o m p l e t e s o u r c e on f u n d a m e n t a l s , m e t h o d s , a n d s e q u e n c e of in s tru c tio n . A lso p r e s e n t s s e c t i o n s on o r g a n i z a t i o n , c a r e o f e q u ip m e n t, t r a i n i n g i n j u r i e s . Many i l l u s t r a ­ t io n s and d ia g ra m s . B.

PERIODICAL ARTICLES

B r a c e , D a v id K . , " T e s t i n g B a s k e t b a l l T e c h n iq u e ," A m e ric an P h y s i c a l E d u c a tio n R e v ie w . 2 9 : 1 5 9 - 6 5 , A p r i l , 1 9 2 4 . P re se n ts a s e r ie s

o f b a s k e t b a l l a ch iev e m e n t t e s t s .

C u b b e r l y , H a z e l J . , a n d F r e d e r i c k W. C o z e n s , " T h e M e a s u r e ­ m e n t o f A c h i e v e m e n t i n B a s k e t b a l l , " S p a l d i n g ys 17 R . New Y o r k : A m e r i c a n S p o r t s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p an y , 1 9 3 5 ~ 3 6 * D e sc rib e s s e v e r a l s k i l l t e s t s how t o a d m i n i s t e r t h e m .

f o r g i r l s b a s k e tb a ll and

C u r e t o n , T hom as K . , " D o c t o r a t e T h e s e s R e p o r t e d b y G r a d u a t e D e p a rtm e n ts o f H e a lth , P h y s i c a l E d u c a tio n and R e c r e a tio n 1930 -46 , I n c l u s i v e l y , The R e s e a r c h Q u a r t e r l y . 2 0 : 2 1 - 5 9 , M arch , 19^9* P r e s e n t s d a t a on t y p e s o f r e s e a r c h , m e t h o d s u s e d , a u ­ th o r s and t i t l e s o f r e s e a r c h d o n e . D e an , E v e r e t t , " B a s k e t b a l l T e s t i n g , " The A t h l e t i c 2 7 : 1 5 , 5 0 ” 5 3 , N ovem ber, 1 9 4 6 . D e sc rib e s s e r i e s p la y e rs.

o f a c h ie v e m e n t t e s t s

Jo u rn a l.

f o r c o lle g e

E d g r e n , H . D . , " E x p e r im e n t on T e s t i n g o f A b i l i t y a n d P r o g ­ r e s s i n B a s k e t b a l l , " The R e s e a r c h Q u a r t e r l y . 3 :1 5 9 “7 1 , M arch, 1 9 3 2 . A b a tte ry of te s ts b a sk e tb a ll.

d e v e lo p e d to m easure p r o g r e s s

in

60 Friermood, H. T., "Basketball Progress Tests Adaptable to Class Use," The Journal of Health and Physical Educa­ tion . 5 J45-47* January, 193^. D e sc rib e s a s e r ie s

o f a c h ie v e m e n t t e s t s

in b a s k e tb a ll.

G a t e s , D o n a ld D ., a n d R. P . S h e f f i e l d , ”T e s t s o f C hange o f D i r e c t i o n a s M e a s u r e m e n t o f D i f f e r e n t K i n d s o f M o to r A b i l i t y i n Boys o f 7 t h , 8 t h , 9 t h G r a d e s , ” The R e s e a r c h Q u a r te r l y . 1 1 :1 3 6 -4 7 , O c to b e r, 1940. A c r i t i q u e o f d i f f e r e n t ty p e s of a g i l i t y o r change of d i r e c t i o n t e s t s and t h e i r r e l i a b i l i t y and v a l i d i t y . K n e i p p , E r n e s t G . , " B a s k e t b a l l F u n d a m e n ta l D r i l l s , ” The A t h l e t i c J o u r n a l . 3 0 :5^* 8 4 - 8 7 * S e p t e m b e r , 1 9 4 9 . P r e s e n ts fu n d a m e n ta ls and d r i l l s fu n d a m e n ta ls.

used to p r a c tic e th e

L e h s t e n , N e l s o n , flA M e a s u r e o f B a s k e t b a l l S k i l l s i n H ig h S c h o o l B o v s . ” . The P h y s i c a l E d u c a t o r . 5 s l 0 3 ~ 0 9 , D e c e m b e r , 1948. A b a tte ry ta ls .

o f a c h ie v e m e n t t e s t s

in b a s k e t b a l l fundam en­

P h i l l i p s , M a r jo r ie , "S tu d y o f A S e r ie s o f P h y s ic a l E d u c a tio n T e s t s b y F a c t o r A n a l y s i s , ” The R e s e a r c h Q u a r t e r l y . 2 0 : 6 0 - 7 1 , M arch, 1 9 4 9 . A s tu d y by f a c t o r a n a ly s is te s ts . C.

o f v a r i o u s m o to r a b i l i t y

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

C r u m p a c k e r , S a n g e r W . , "A P r o g n o s t i c T e s t F o r H i g h S c h o o l B a s k e t b a l l P l a y e r s , " U n p u b lis h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1933* 10 3 p p . D o u g l a s , M e r r i l l G . , ” An O u t l i n e o f B a s i s P r e - S e a s o n B a s k e t ­ b a l l F u n d a m e n t a l s ,f o r H ig h S c h o o l P l a y e r s , " U n p u b lis h e d M a s t e r ’ s t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , Los A n g e le s , 1 9 4 7 . 60 p p .

61 M o t t , R o b e r t A . , " B a s k e t b a l l F u n d a m e n t a l s : An A n a l y s i s o f t h e C o a c h i n g T e c h n i q u e s o f L e a d i n g C o l l e g e C o a c h e s , 1,1 U n p u b lis h e d M a s t e r 's t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a , L o s A n g e l e s , I 9 A6 . 148 p p . S im m o n s, G l e n , " T h e R e l a t i o n o f P e r f o r m a n c e S k i l l i n B a s k e t ­ b a l l F u n d a m e n t a l s t o A c t u a l F l a y i n g A b i l i t y , 19 U n p u b ­ l i s h e d M a s t e r 's t h e s i s , The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i ­ f o r n i a , Los A n g e l e s , 1 9 4 0 . 112 p p .

APPENDIX

63

/ ~C | ^ — /s'-

K ey t o D i a g r a m s N um ber T est -A 1 . F ie ld G o a ls-S h o rt 2 . F i e l d G o a ls-L o n g 3 . Speed P ass 4 . B a l l H a n d lin g 5* J u m p i n g R e a c h a n d IS‘ V e r t i c a l Jump 6 . L a te ra l S h iftin g 7 • D o d g i n g Run 8 * D rib b le and Shoot ■' 3 9 . W e a v in g D r i b b l e

S c a le :

1 " * 121 FIGURE 1 FLOOR PLAN FOR SK ILL TESTS

64 TABLE V PERFORMANCES OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUP ON IN IT IA L AND RE-TEST Name o f S u b je c t

T e s t

F ie ld G o a lsS h o rt

B row n, J .

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

8 8 12 12 11 9 12 14 14 14 9 9 12 12 14 14 10 10 11 10 14 14 10 11 13 14 13 14 13 13 10 8 14 18 14 16 9 8 13 14

C ra ig D ic k e y F re d ric k F re rk in g H ic k lin H o lt Irw in Johnson K e lly K in lo c h M c B r id e M ille r R e y n o ld s R itz e n S c ro g g in s T u rn er W eaver W ic k e rsh a m Young

F ie ld G o a lsLong 23 23 19 19 14 22 24 29 23 15 23 20 21 18 17 22 21 14 23 28 15 25 15 20 23 26 24 28 14 25 15 19 25 26 27 28 16 19 29 17

3peed Pass

.

13 13 15 16 14 14 15 17 8 12 13 15 14 13 13 13 13 14 12 13 12 12 10 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 13 16 16 12 11 9 11 16 16

B a ll H an­ d lin g 10 11 13 10 9 11 11 10 10 10 4 10 10 12 8 12 11 12 10 11 3 5 11 12 10 12 8 12 6 11 9 9 11 12 11 10 4 9 12 12

L a te ra l S h ift­ in g 22 23 22 21 15 17 20 22 16 16 16 16 19 19 16 17 18 18 16 17 19 20 19 19 18 18 15 17 21 21 18 18 18 20 18 19 24 24 21 22

Dodg­ in g Run 1 1 .6 1 0 .8 1 2 .4 1 1 .7 12 .2 1 0 .4 11. 1 0 .3 1 1 .2 1 0 .4 11. 1 0 .4 1 1 .6 1 0 .5 1 1 .9 13. 1 1 .9 1 0 .9 1 1 .9 11. 1 0 .9 10 .6 12 .1 10 .4 12*8 1 1 .8 12. 1 0 .4 11 #3 1 0 .7 1 1 .6 1 0 .3 1 2 .1 1 0 .4 1 1 .3 10 .8 1 0 .2 10 .2 1 1 .2 1 0 .2

65 TABLE V (continued) PERFORMANCES OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUP ON INITIAL AND RE-TEST

Name o f S u b je c t

B row n, J . C ra ig D ic k e y F re d ric k F re rk in g H ic k lin H o lt Irw in Johnson K e lly K in lo c h M c B r id e M ille r R e y n o ld s R itz e n S c ro g g in s T u rn er W eaver W ic k e rs h a m Young

T e s t

W e a v in g D rib b le

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 1 .8 1 1 .3 1 0 .1 9 -8 1 1 .4 1 0 .4 1 0 .3 9 .9 1 1 .2 1 0 .3 1 0 .9 1 0 .2 10. 1 0 .1 1 1 .5 1 2 .2 1 0 .4 9 .? 1 1 .6 1 1 .1 1 1 .7 11. 12. 1 1 .4 1 1 .5 1 0 .8 11-3 11. 1 0 .3 10. 9 -9 9 .9 1 0 .1 10. 1 0 .7 10 ..8 11. 11. 10. 9 .6

D rib b le and Shoot 8 .3 8 .1 7 .7 7 .3 7 .1 7. 7-3 7 -1 9. 8 .2 7 .3 9 .6 7 -8 7 .3 7 .4 7-7 7 .2 6 .8 7 .6 7-5 7 .8 7 .5 7 .9 7 .7 7 .6 7 .4 7 .1 7 .5 7 .3 7 .5 6 .8 1 2 .3 7 .6 6 .7 7 .4 7 .5 8 .1 7 .8 7. 6 .9

Ju m p in g R each 97 97 110 108 98 95 108 108 100 100 96 93 97 96 10 8 106 88 89 93 92 96 94 106 10 4 91 90 103 100 101 98 93 92 100 99 87 87 107 107 99 96

3A 1 /2 3 /4 .1 /4 1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 3 /4 3 /4 1A 1 /4 1 /4 3 /4 1 /4 1 /2 3 /4 3 /4 1 /4 1 /4 3 /4 1 /2 1 /4 1 /2 3 /4 1 /4

1 /2 1 /4

V e rtic a l Jum p

C rite rio n R an k

1 /2

10

1 /2 3 /4

4

14 12 15 15 13 11 16 16 16 16 12 9 12 11 16 14 7 7 11 11 13 12 14 11 12 11 14 12 11 8 11 10 17 16 14 14 18 18 15 11

1 /4 3 /4 3 /4

15 2 12

3 /4 3A 1 /4 1 /4 1 /4 1 /4 3 /4 3 /4 1 /4 3 /4 1 /2

20 6 13 17 19 7 8

1 /4 16 1A 3 /4 1 /4 1 /4 1 /4 1 /2 1 /4

3 18 9 1

1 /4 1 /2 lA 3 /4 3 /4

14 11 5

3 /4

66 TABLE VI

SCORING TABLE FOR TESTS ADMINISTERED TO EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

T -S co re 6 9 .5 6 6 .5 63* 6 1 .5 6 0 .5 59*5 59*5 57*5 5 6 .5 56. 55 • 5 4 .5 5^ * 53* 52 *5 50 *5 49*5 4 8 .5 48. 47*5 46. 45* 43*5 42 .5 4 1 .5 39*5 38*5 37* 35*5 3 0 .5

F ie l d G o a lsShort

Speed P a ss 16

L a te r a l S h iftin g 24 23 22

Jumping Reach 110 109 10 8

14 15 107 21 20

106 1 0 4-10 5 10 3 102 101

13 14

19

12

100 99 98

13 18 97

11 10

17

96 9 4 - 95

16

93 92 91 8 9 - 90 88 87

12 11 10

9 8

9 8

15

67 TABLE VII T-SCORES ON INDIVIDUAL TESTS AND TEST BATTERY B Y EXPERIMENTAL GROUP T

Name o f S u b je c t

e s t

F ie ld G o a ls S h o rt

Speed P a ss

L a ter a l S h iftin g

Brown, J .

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

3 0 .5 3 0 .5 4 9 .5 4 9 .5 46. 374 9 .5 6 1 .5 6 1 .5 6 1 .5 37374 9 -5 4 9 .5 6 1 .5 6 1 .5 42 .5 42 .5 46. 4 2 .5 6 1 .5 6 1 .5 42 .5 46. 54. 6 1 .5 54. 6 1 .5 54. 54. 4 2 .5 3 0 .5 6 1 .5 84. 6 1 .5 76. 373 0 .5 54. 6 1 .5

4 8 -5 4 8 .5 6 0 .5 6 6 .5 5 2 .5 5 2 .5 6 0 .5 7 2 .5 3 0 .5 42 .5 4 8 .5 6 0 .5 5 2 .5 48 .5 4 8 .5 4 8 .5 48 .5 52-5 42 .5 4 8 .5 42 .5 42 .5 3 8 .5 4 2 .5 4 8 .5 4 8 .5 4 8 .5 5 2 .5 5 2 .5 5 2 .5 5 2 .5 4 8 .5 6 6 .5 6 6 .5 4 2 .5 3 9 -5 3 5 .5 3 9-5 6 6 .5 6 6 .5

63. 6 6 .5 63. 5 8 .5 3 3 .5 45. 56. 63. 4 1 .5 4 1 .5 4 1 .5 4 1 .5 53. 53. 4 1 .5 45. 48. 48. 4 1 -5 45. 53. 56. 535348. 48. 3 3 -5 45. 5 8 .5 5 8 .5 48. 48. 48. 56. 48. 536 9 .5 6 9 .5 5 8 .5 63.

C ra ig D ick ey F r e d r ic k F r e r k in g H ic k lin H o lt Irw in Johnson K e lly K in lo c h McBride M ille r R eyn old s R itz e n S c r o g g in s T urner Weaver W ickersham Young

Jumping Reach 47 47 69 63 49 43 63 63 52 52 45 41 47 45 63 57 35 37 41 39 45 43 57 56 38 37 56 54 49 41 39 52 50 30 30 59 59 50 45

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

T o ta l S co re

T e st Rank

1 8 9 .5 193. 2 4 2 .5 2 3 7 .5 1 8 1 .5 178. 229. 260. 186 • 198. 172. 1 8 0 .5 2 0 2 .5 196. 2 1 4 .5 2 1 2 .5 1 7 4 .5 180. 1 7 1 .5 1 7 5 .5 202 . 2 0 3 .5 1 9 1 .5 198. I89. 195. 192 . 2 1 1 .5 2 1 9 .5 2 1 4 .5 1 8 4 .5 1 6 6 .5 2 2 8 .5 257. 1 8 2 .5 199. 2 0 1 .5 199. 2 2 9 .5 236.

12 15 1 3 17 18 3 1 14 1 1 .5 19 16 7 13 6 6 18 17 20 19 8 8 11 1 1 .5 13 14 10 7 5 5 15 20 4 2 16 9 .5 9 9 .5 2 4

68 TABLE VIII

PERFORMANCES OF UNSELECTED GROUP ON TEST BATTERY

Nam© o f S u b je c t A tk in s on Bare B e lv e a l B ish op B r a c k le y Brown, H# Brown, J . Burnum C h ild e r s C lark Cochran C o le Coleman Compton C ra ig Crawford Crouch D ick ey Dodds Duncan Dunn E g e, D . E g e, H • F is h e r F ort F r e d r ic k F r e r k in g G la ssc o c k Gordon G regory G r it e r G u lle tt Hansen H a s lip H aver Hayes H aynie H ic k lin H ilt o n Hogue H o lt

F ie l d G o a ls S h o rt 6 2 8 8 8 8 8 6 2 6 16 2 10 6 12 8 4 11 12 2 14 4 12 6 4 12 14 4 6 12 6 6 8 6 6 1 8 9 10 6 10

Speed P a ss 13 14 6 11 6 10 13 14 9 8 11 13 12 8 15 10 11 14 11 10 12 10 12 8 11 15 8 11 11 11 7 14 12 9 14 11 13 13 11 11 14

,

L a ter a l S h iftin g 151 17 16 15 15 18 22 ' 19 11 14 12 10 19 14 22 18 14 15 14 17 17 16 17 16 20 20 16 13 17 13 14 14 15 13 16 17 13 16 15 16 19

Jumping Reach 102 105 98 91 89 93 97 104 96 99 103 100 100 95 110 102 93 98 92 89 92 89 90 104 99 108 100 103 90 95 95 97 101 82 103 98 103 96 94 100 97

1 /2

lA 1 /2 1 /4 1 /2 3A 3A 3 /4 1 /4 , 1 /2 1 /4 1 /4 1 /4 1 /2 1 /2 1 /2 1 /4 1 /2 1 /4 1 /2 1 /2 3 /4 , 1 /4 1 /4 1 /2 1 /2 3 /4 3 /4 1 /2 3 /4 1 /4

C r it e r io n Rank 65 61 75 63 67 62 10 34 89

88

26 72 36 84 4 58 92 15 39 7^ 29 64 5^ 51 41 2 12 87 28 45 78 73 46 86 33 48 69 24 60 77 6

69 TABLE VIII (continued) PERFORMANCES OF UNSELBCTED GROUP ON TEST BATTERY

Name o f S u b je c t Hoppe In g a lsb e Irw in Jen n er, Je rry J e n n e r , Jim Johnson K e lly K ennem er K in lo c h L e e , D ic k L e e , Ron L ew is L ig h tn e r Love M a y n a rd M c B rid e Me R e y n o l d s M ille r , K. M i l l e r , W in N e ele y N e il P a lm e r P h illip s P ik e P y le R a in s R e y n o ld s R itz e n S c ro g g in s S h ip p S iffe rm a n S m ith S q u ire s S ta p p S te g a ll S te e lm a n S tu rd e fa n t S u lliv a n T hom as T u rn er T u ttle

F ie ld G o a ls S h o rt 2 10 14 12 10 10 11 8 14 4 6 6 2 10 8 10 10 1^ 2 4 8 4 10 4 6 10 13 13 10 4 12 6 12 4 4 12 6 10 4 14 6

Speed Pass 14 10 13 14 14 13 12 11 12 7 11 11 9 11 14 10 11 13 8 15 13 9 12 14 12 12 13 14 14 12 13 11 13 12 13 12 14 14 11 16 11

L a te ra l S h iftin g 11 10 16 14 15 18 16 13 19 13 14 14 14 14 17 19 19 18 16 17 14 14 17 18 16 15 21 18 13 16 17 17 16 15 15 16 14 14 18 14

Ju m p in g R each 102 1 / 2 96 1 /2 108 -97 1 / 4 99 88 3 A 93 90 96 10 1 i A 96 94 1 /4 85 3 / 4 88 3 / 4 109 1 /4 106 3 /4 103 3 / 4 91 98 1 /4 104 1 /4 107 1 /2 96 1 /4 99 , 103 1 / 4 94 1 /4 107 103 1 /4 101 1 /2 93 1 /4 93 1 / 4 94 1 /2 97 3 /4 91 , 97 3 /4 10 4 1 / 2 92 3 / 4 99 1 / 4 101 1 /2 90 100 1 /2 92

C rite rio n Rank 40 50 13 23 38 18 20 80 7 79 83 68 83 59 32 8 49 16 53 43 22 91 55 27 71 57 3 19 9 76 30 25 17 42 47 66 35 37 82 1 52

70 TABUS VIII (continued) PERFORMANCES OF UNSELECTED GROUP ON TEST BATTERY

Name o f S u b je c t

F ie l d G o a lsShort

Van Hook Turney W eaver W elch W estern W ickersham W iggin s W ise Wood Young

8 6 14 4 4 9 12 4 8 13

Speed P a ss 13 12 12 10 10 9 12 10 13 16

L a ter a l S h iftin g 17 14 18 14 18 24 20 13 18 21

Jumping Reach 103 101 87 92 96 107 89 95 103 99

1 /2 1 /2 lA 1 /4 1 /2 3 /4 3 /4 1 /2

C r it e r io n Rank 70 44 14 90 31 11 56 81 21 5

71 TABLE IX SCORING TABLE FOR TESTS ADMINISTERED TO UNSELECT ED GROUP

T -S o o r © 77 -5 73. 7 1 .5 7 0 .5 6 8 .5 67. 6 5 .5 64. 63. 62. 61. 5 9 .5 59. 58. 5 6 .5 5 5 .5 5 4 .5 54. 5 2 .5 52. 5149. 4 7 .5 46. 45. 4 3 .5 43. 4 1 .5 41. 40. 3 8 .5 38. 37. 3 5 .5 34. 33. 3 1 .5 3 0 .5 30. 2 8 .4 27. 24.

F ie ld G o a lsS h o rt

Speed P ass

L a te ra l S h iftin g

16 15

16

24 23 22

Ju m p in g R each 1 10 109 1 08

14

15

21 20

13 14

19

10 7 106 105 104

12 103 18 11 10

102 101

13 17

100

9 8 7

12

6

11

5

16 . 15

14 10

99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92

4 91 9 3

90 13

8 2

12

89 88

7

6 1

11

10

87 86 85 8 3 -8 4 82

72 TABLE X T-SC ORES ON INDIVIDUAL TESTS AND TEST BATTERY BY UNSELECTED GROUP

Name o f S u b je c t

F ie ld G o a lsS h o rt

A tk in so n B are B e lv e a l B ish o p B ra c k le y B row n, H . B row n, J . B urnum C h ild e rs C la rk C ochran C o le C o le m a n C o m p to n C ra ig C raw ford C rouch D ic k e y Dodds D uncan D unn E g e , D. Ege, H . F ish e r F o rt F re d ric k F re rk in g G la ssc o c k G ordon G reg o ry G rite r G u lle tt H ansen H a slip H aver H ayes H a y n ie H ic k lin H ilto n Hogue H o lt

4 6 .5 34. 5 0 .5 5 0 .5 5 0 .5 5 0 .5 5 0 .5 4 6 .5 34. 4 6 .5 75 -5 34. 5 4 .5 4 6 .5 59-. 5 5 0 .5 41. 5 6 .5 5 9 .5 34. 67. 41. 5 9 .5 4 6 .5 41. 5 9 .5 67. 41. 4 6 .5 5 9 .5 4 6 .5 4 6 .5 5 0 .5 4 6 .5 4 6 .5 24. 5 0 .5 5 2 .5 5 4 .5 4 6 .5 5 4 .5

Speed P ass 5 5 .5 61. 27. 46. 27. 4 1 .5 5 5 .5 o l. 3 8 .5 3 5 .5 46. 5 5 .5 51. 3 5 .5 6 7 .5 4 1 .5 46. 61. 46. 4 1 .5 51. 4 1 .5 51. 3 5 .5 46. 6 7 .5 3 5 .5 46. 46. 46. 3 1 .5 61. 51. 3 8 .5 61. 46. 5 5 .5 5 5 .5 46. 46. 61.

L a te ra l S h iftin g 4 7 .5 5 4 .5 51. 4 7 .5 4 7 .5 58. . 7 0 .5 62. 3 1 .5 43. 3 3 .5 27. 62. 43. 7 0 .5 58. 43. 4 7 .5 43. 5 4 .5 5 4 .5 51. 5 4 .5 51 • 6 4 .5 6 4 .5 51. 37. 5 4 .5 37. 43. 43. 4 7 .5 37. 51. 5 4 .5 37. 514 7 .5 51. 62.

Ju m p in g R each 56 63 51 40 35 43 49 62 47 52 59 54 54 46 75 56 43 51 41 35 41 35 38 62 52 68 5^ 59 38 46 46 49 55 24 59 51 59 47 45 54 49

5 5 5 5 5 5

5 5 5 5 5 5 5

5

5 5

5 5

T o ta l S core

T est R ank

206. 213. 1 7 9 .5 184. 1 6 0 .5 1 9 3 .5 226. 2 3 1 .5 1 5 1 .5 177. 214. 1 7 0 .5 2 2 1 .5 171. 273. 2 0 6 .5 1 7 3 .5 216. 190. 1 6 5 .5 214. I69. 203. 195. 2 0 3 .5 260. 2 0 7 .5 183. 185 • 1 8 8 .5 167. 200. 2 0 4 .5 146. 2 1 7 .5 1 7 5 .5 202. 2 0 6 .5 193. 1 9 7 .5 217.

4 1 .5 ' 31. 69. 64. 89. 56. 11. 9. 90. 7 0 .5 29. 7 9 .5 1 7 .5 78. 1. 39. 74. 2 4 .5 5 9 .5 8 6 .5 29. 82. 4 5 .5 55. 44. 3. 37. 66. 63. 6l • 84. 50. 43. 91. 20. 73. 4 7 .5 39. 57. 52 . 2 1 .5

73 TABLE X (continued) T-SCORES ON INDIVIDUAL TESTS AND TEST BATTERY BY UNSELBCTED GROUP

Name o f S u b je c t

F ie ld G o a lsS h o rt

Hoppe 34. In g a lsb e 5 4 .5 Irw in . 67. J e n n e r, Je riy 5 9 * 5 J e n n e r , Jim 5 4 .5 Johnson 3 4 .3 K e lly 5 6 .5 K ennem er 5 0 .5 K in lo c h 67. L e e , D ic k 41. L e e , Ron 4 6 .5 L ew is 4 6 .5 L ig h tn e r 34. L ov e 5 4 .5 M a y n a rd 5 0 .5 M c B rid e 5 4 .5 M e R e y n o ld s 5 4 -5 M i l l e r , K. 63M i l l e r , W in 3 4 . N e e le y 41. N e il 5 0 .5 P a lm e r 41. P h illip s 5 4 .5 P ik e 41. P y le 4 6 .5 R a in s 5 4 .5 R e y n o ld s 63. R itz e n 63. S c ro g g in s 5 4 .5 S h ip p 41. S iffe rm a n 5 9 .5 S m ith 4 6 .5 S q u ire s 5 9 .5 S ta p p 41. S te g a ll 41. S te e lm a n 5 9 .5 S tu rd e fa n t 4 6 .5 S u lliv a n 3 4 .5 Thom as 41. T u rn er 67-

Speed P ass 61. 4 1 .5 5 5 .3 61. 61. 55-5 51. 46. 51. 31.-5 46. 46. 3 8 .5 46. 61. 4 1 .5 46. 55 -5 35 *5 6 7 .5 55 -5 3 8 .5 51. 61. 51. 51 * 55 -5 61. 61. 51. 55-5 46. 5 5 .5 515 5 .5 51. 61'. 61. 46. 73.

L a te ra l S h iftin g

Ju m p in g Reach

T o ta l S co re

T est R ank

3 1 .5 27. 51. 43. 4 7 .5 58. 51. 37. 62. 37. 43. 43. 43. 43. 5 4 .5 62. 62. 58. 51. 5 4 .5 43. 43. 5 4 .5 58. 4 7 .5 ?1 ’ 4 7 .5 67. 58. 37. 515 4 .5 5 4 .5 51. 4 7 .5 4 7 .5 51. 43. 43. 58.

5 6 .5 4 7 .5 6 8 .5 4 9 .5 52. 33. 4 3 .5 38. 4 7 .5 5 5 -5 4 7 .5 45. 2 8 .5 33. 7 1 .5 64. 5940. 51 62. 6 5 .5 4 7 .3 52. 5943. 6 5 .5 59. 5 5 .5 4 3 .5 4 3 .5 45. 4 9 .5 40. 4 9 .5 62. 4 1 -5 52. 5 5 .5 38. 54.

183. 1 7 0 .5 242. 216. 215. 201. 202. 1 7 1 .5 2 2 7 .5 165. 183. I 8 O .5 144. 1 7 6 .5 2 3 7 .5 222. 2 2 1 .5 2 1 6 .5 1 7 1 .5 225. 2 1 4 .5 170. 212. 219. 190. 222. 225. 2 4 6 .5 217. 1 7 2 .5 211. 1 9 6 .5 2 0 9 .5 1 9 2 .5 206. 1 9 9 .5 2 1 0 .5 214. 168. 252.

66. 7 9 .5 6. 2 4 .5 26. 49. 4 7 .5 7 6 .5 10. 88. 66. 68. 92. 72. 7. 1 5 .5 1 7 .5 23. 7 6 .5 12 .5 27. 81. 32. 19. 5 9 .5 15 «5 1 2 .5 . 5. 2 1 .5 75. 33. 36. 58. 4 1 .5 51. 3 4 .5 29. 83. 4 .

74 TABLE X (continued) T-SC ORES ON INDIVIDUAL TESTS AND TEST BATTER! BY UNSELECTED GROUP

Name o f S u b je c t Turney T u t t le Van Hook Weaver W elch W estern W ickersham W iggin s W ise Wood Young

F ie l d G o a lsS h o rt

Speed P a ss

la te r a l S h iftin g

Jumping Beach

T o ta l S co re

T est Rank

4 6 .5 46*5 34. 67. 41. 41. 5 2 .5 5 9 .3 41. 5 0 .5 63 *

51. 46. 5 5 .5 51. 4 1 .5 4 1 .5 . 3 8 .5 51. 4 1 .5 5 3 .5 73-

4343. 5 4 .5 58. *3 . 58. 7 5 .3 6 4 .5 3758. 67.

5 5 -5 4 1 .5 593 0 -5 4 1 .5 4 7 -5 6 5 .5 35*5 46. 59. 52.

196. 177. 203* 2 0 6 .5 I67. 188. 232. 2 1 0 .5 1 6 5 .5 223. 265*

54. 7 0 .5 4 5 .5 39. 85. 62. 8. 3 4 .5 8 6 .5 14. 2.

75 TABLE XI

SCORES AND RANKINGS OP CANDIDATES FOR SCHOOL BASKETBALL TEAM

Name o f S u b je c t T u rn er F re d ric k R e y n o ld s C ra ig Y oun g H o lt K in lo c h M c B rid e S c ro g g in s B ro w n , J . W ic k e rs h a m F re rk in g Irw in W eaver D ic k ey M ille r, K. J ohns on R itz e n K e lly H ic k lin B u rn u m P ik e Jen n er, J e rry H aver D unn S iffe rm a n S q u ire s G ordon S tu rd e fa n t W ig g in s C raw fo rd E ge, H. T urney B row n, H. M i l l e r , W. B ish o p E ge, D.

C r it e r io n Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

T est S co re

T est Rank

2§2. 260. 225. 273. 265. 217. 2 2 7 .5 225. 217. 226. 232. 2 0 7 .5 242. 2 0 6 .5 216. 2 1 6 .5 201. 2 4 6 .5 202 . 2 0 6 .5 2 3 1 .5 219. 216. 2 1 7 .5 214. 211. 2 0 9 .5 185. 210. 2 1 0 .5 2 0 6 .5 203. 196. 1 9 3 .5 1 7 1 .5 184. 169.

4 3 11 1 2 1 5 .5 9 12 1 5 .5 107 25 6 27 1 8 .5 17 31 5 30 . 27 8 13 1 8 .5 14 20 21 24 34 23 22 27 29 32 33 36 35 37