A practical course in high school physics

Citation preview

A P M C T I C A L COURSE IN HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS

A P ro je c t P re s e n te d to the F a c u lty

of

The U n i v e r s i t y

the S ch o o l o f E d u c a tio n of S o u th ern C a lif o r n ia

In P a rtia l F u lfillm en t of th e

R equirem ents f o r

M aster of S cien ce

th e D egree.

in E d u catio n

by J o h n H. T r e n t May 1 9 5 0

UMI Number: EP46624

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

D issertation Publishing

UMI EP46624 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code

ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346

T h is p r o je c t r ep o rt, w ritten u n der the direction o f the candidate’s a d v ise r a n d a p p r o v e d by him , has been p re se n te d to an d a c c e p te d by the F a cu lty o f the S c h o o l of E d u c a tio n in p a r tia l fu lfillm e n t of the requirem ents f o r the degree o f M a s te r of S cien ce in E ducation.

D ate............................................................................

A d viser

D ean

INTRODUCTION T rad itio n ally ,

p h y sics has

been a course

tau g h t in

i

h ig h s c h o o l b a s e d upon a v e r y d e f i n i t e d a tio n has h eat,

co n siste d

lig h t,

in m ost

e le c tric ity

tex ts

chap ters

is

fo llo w

appears

Many o b j e c t i o n s ed u cato rs.

The c o n t e n t

tended th a t

the

tau g h t.

of the

sc ie n tific

on t h e i m p o r t a n c e

of

T his

of p h y sics

ty p e has no p r a c t i c a l

q u ite

Many o f

o fte n

tex ts.

is

th at

day

a course in

o b jectiv e.

It

is

con­

s t u d e n t h as no im m ediate use f o r m ost o f th e It

is

fu rth er

I n m ost in s ta n c e s

ta u g h t.

law s.

t h e law a n d i t s

co n tended

th at

the s t u d e n t

n e v e r w i l l u s e much o f t h e m a t e r i a l f r o m a c o u r s e type.

various

a l r e a d y h a v e b e e n made b y p r e s e n t

One o f t h e m a i n o b j e c t i o n s

of th is

m a te ria l

p attern .

the m ain o b j e c t i v e

foun­

The b re a k d o w n o f c h a p t e r s

b a s e d on c e r t a i n

placed

T his

w hich i n c l u d e m e c h a n ic s ,

and t h e o r e t i c a l d e r i v a t i o n .

t o be

p h y sics

leg s

and sound.

th is

o rd in a rily

Much e m p h a s i s ’ i s h isto rical

of fiv e

fo u n d atio n .

those

v e r y few a p p l i c a t i o n s

th a t are

tau g h t are

of th is

of p h y sics

useful

only

are

to

th e

s

stu d e n ts

going i n t o

e n g in e e rin g , m ed icin e,

search and o th e r f ie ld s scie n ces.

It

is

sm all p e rc e n ta g e th e se

clo se ly r e la te d

a w e l l known f a c t

th at

of h ig h school stu d e n ts

to

co n stru ctio n , the

re­

p h y sical

only a r e l a t i v e l y a ctu ally

go i n t o

'

fie ld s. It

Is b eliev ed

sh o u ld m eet

th e needs

th at a of

course

In h ig h sc h o o l p h y sics

the m a j o r i t y

of the

stu d en ts.

The

ill content

of the co u rse

tic a l.

The a p p l i c a t i o n s

h elp

th e

s h o u l d h e more p r a c t i c a l

than th e o r e ­

ta u g h t sh o u ld he th o s e

s tu d e n t meet h is e v e r y

sh o u ld n o t he

tau g h t because

very d e f in ite

ap p licatio n s

day l i f e

they a re

th a t w ill

pro b lem s.

Laws

law s h u t b e c a u s e

w hich m ost s tu d e n t s

of

the

w i l l make o f

them . It the

is

n o t proposed to d is c a rd

tra d itio n a l

p h y sics

tex t,

in to

g r o u p s b a s e d on t h e i r

ject

is

in to

a course

an a tte m p t

a ctiv ities

dents

in

do i n

P h y sics.

These

g rad u ate

stu d en ts

groups.

Prom t h e s e

of th is

and

T his

pro­

of p h y sics

stu d en ts

how t o

per­

th at

is

the

o b tain ed d ir e c tly

from s t u ­

were a s k e d t o w r i t e

t h e y w ould l i k e

along

stu d en t.

w ith s l i p s

to be a b le

title s

for

to

from t e a c h e r s ,

th e a u t h o r were a r r a n g e d i n t o

groups,

on

the v a r io u s

sim ilar chap ters

p r o j e c t w ere fo rm e d . d iv id e d i n t o what appeared

grou p in g o f s tu d e n t p ro b le m s. P art X Is

th is

teach

S tu d en ts

slip s

T his p r o je c t i s lo g ical

the m a t e r i a l s

s tu d e n t problem s

classes.

of paper th in g s

the m a te r ia ls

of l i f e .

problem s u s e d w ere

p h y sics

3x5 s l i p s

of

rearrange

used in

p ra c tic a l a p p licatio n s.

to r e o r g a n iz e

The m a in s o u r c e M ost o f th e

but to

o f s tu d y w hich w i l l

f o r m some o f t h e

the m a t e r i a l s

sectio n a re

to g eth er,

It

in clu d es

e n t i t l e d How t o B u i l d a H o m e . the p ro b le m s

in sta llin g

en co u n tered in

of u t i l i t ie s

to be a th ree

p arts.

In c lu d e d In

p u ttin g

and a p p lia n c e s ,

a house

w aste

d is-

p o sal,

an d o t h e r h o u s e h o ld problem s r e l a t i n g P a rt II' i f

V eh icles.

e n t i t l e d How t o

T his s e c t io n d is c u s s e s

to

p h y sics.

O p e ra te and M a in ta in Power the a s p e c ts

of highw ay,

air

and sea t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . P a r t XTI i s The p h a s e s o f chosen.

e n t i t l e d How t o E n j o y Y o u r H o u r s

r e c r e a t i o n m ost c l o s e l y

These in c lu d e

p hotography,

related

of L e is u r e .

to p h y sics

p h y sica l s p o rts ,

were

h u n tin g ,

and m usic. Each of

the

ch ap ters

w ards, D ir e c tio n s ,

th at in

o u tlin e

order

q u estio n s

listed

f o r m was u s e d ,

re la tin g

a t th e

to

end o f

part

is

se c tio n is

The s e c o n d p a r t

th at

of various

types

p erfo rm in g com paring,

gain in g th is

and by th e

by

v aluable

is

the

sk ill

listin g ,

th e

in

references

two p a r t s .

and in g e n e ra l of

the s k i l l

w hich th e

tau g h t,

stu d en t.

teach ers.

and con­

stu d en t is

b u t by o b s e r v i n g ,

and o th e r s i m i l a r m ethods,

su p p lem en tary in f o r m a tio n ,

d iffe re n tia tio n is

the a u th o r

c a l l e d M ental A c t i v i t i e s

of a c tiv itie s

se c tio n ,

th a t Im portant

b r o k e n do wn i n t o

the a c t u a l p h y s i c a l p e rfo rm a n c e

actu ally

he i s

needs

c a lle d A ctive A c t i v i t i e s

tau g h t.

d iscu ssin g ,

was f e l t

stu d en ts

the c h a p t e r s

of

not

d ire ctio n s

t h e ..problem m u s t be made t o

co n sists

sists

the

th e

rt

Re­

and E v a lu a tio n .

w ould b e a n sw e re d fro m t h e v a r i o u s

The a c t i v i t y The f i r s t

th e m a te r ia l f o r

to b e s t meet

These q u e s tio n s

b r o k e n down t o i n c l u d e ;

A c tiv ity A ssignm ents,

Xn o r g a n i z i n g a q u estio n

is

necessary

so

th at

the

rt i s f e l t teach er

may u s e tical

the m e n ta l a c t i v i t i e s

activ e It

use

is

in

ad d itio n

to

t h e m ore p r a c ­

activ itie s. fe lt

th at

in m ost p h y s ic s

ground f o r p h y s ic a l

th is

p r o j e c t w ould h e s a t i s f a c t o r y

classro o m s. scie n ce

T eachers

could use t h i s

w i t h a w ide b a c k ­ as

th eir

course

o u tlin e. S in cere of

a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s a r e made t o D r . T e d G o r d o n

the U n i v e r s i t y

m aking t h i s

o f S ou thern C a lif o r n ia f o r h is h e lp

p ro je c t p o ssib le.

for

in

vi PREFACE TO STUDENTS Have y o u e v e r w ould l i k e

th o u g h t of a l l

t o kno w h o w t o d o ?

a n s w e r many q u e s t i o n s . read in g

If

of th e

th in g s

you have t h i s

t h a t you

book w i l l

The p r o b le m s w h ic h w i l l b e s o l v e d b y

t h i s b o o k a r e y o u r own p r o b l e m s

of lif e

w hich r e l a t e

to p h y s ic s. P ro b ab ly th e home. home a r e

the m a jo r p o r ti o n

The ways a n d m eans clearly

d escrib ed in

W ithout th in k in g ab o u t i t all

of your l i f e .

w ill p o in t

m eet y o u r needs ing able

to

w i l l be a b l e

to

co n stru ctio n ,

problem s w i l l part

th ese

p rin c ip les

fire

T his

soon as

book to

th a t b esid e s

be­

th is book t h a t you t o many o t h e r t h i n g s .

lig h tin g ,

p rev en tio n ,

be a n s w e r e d a s

sc ie n tists

and e n g in e e rs

com fort and

the a u to m o b ile

ways

book.

w a te r sup ply and

a n d many o t h e r r e l a t e d

you g e t i n t o

the

first

of the book.

co n venience, is

th is

p h y sica l p rin c ip le s

ex p lain ed in

The w o r l d h a s many p h y s i c a l th at

of

i s m ore f o r y o u .

You w i l l f i n d

Y our problem s c o n c e r n in g h e a t i n g , p ip in g ,

spent in

and m a in ta in in g a

f ir s t part

of ap p ly in g

things

apply

th e

th ere

and d e s i r e s .

do t h e

of b u ild in g

tim e i s

you have u se d p h y s ic a l p r i n c i p l e s

H ow ever,

o u t t h e ways

of your

and m e c h a n ic a l d e v ic e s

have

given us

enjoym ent,.

or jalo p y .

of o p e r a tin g and ta k in g

th at

add to

our

The m o s t i m p o r t a n t

one

The s e c o n d p a r t care

of your c a r.

of

th is If

ex p lain s

you have

v ii any w o r rie s fin d

the

o r p ro b lem s

s o lu tio n and e x p la n a tio n a l s o

W hat do you l i k e is

to ta k e

fin d

f o r you to

so

p art in

the t h i r d

fish in g ,

a ttain

th is

book very

g ain p o p u la rity

your

great

in

th is

and e n jo y a b le

b a s e b a l l an d m usic w i l l

en jo y ab le.

in g the

of

or b o atin g ,, you w i l l

do b e s t o f a l l ?

g reater p e rfe c tio n

You w i l l f i n d

fo llo w .

to

sp o rts

p o rtio n

th a t you w i l l

so lv e

co n cern in g f ly in g

in

If

sectio n . your answer

re c re a tio n ,

en jo y ab le.

photo g rap h y , h u n tin g ,

w ith a l l in

So d o n ’ t answ ers.

i s now a n d t h e

p lace

be b a s h f u l a b o u t t u r n i n g L e t ’s g e t s t a r t e d l l

to you

your classm ates. b eing a b le

own p r o b l e m s a n d I n m a k i n g y o u r l i f e The t i m e

The ways

be e x p l a i n e d c l e a r l y

sa tisfa c tio n

you w ill

Is

the

the

to

much more pages

th at

pages and f i n d ­

TABIE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER

PAGE part

r.

CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE HOW TO BUILD A HOME

1.

FOUNDATION TO ROOF:

How t o

2.

F I N IS H I N G TOUCHES:

3.

GETTING PREPARED:

4.

LIGHT I T UP : ' How t o " p r o v i d e " p r o p e r y o u r home ..........................

How t o

put a house to g e th e r . d eco rate

.

.

3

a h o m e ............................ 1 0

How t o s e l e c t , " b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s

. 16

lig h tin g 'f o r ’ 23

5.

KEEP I T RUNNING: How t o o p e r a t e a n d r e p a i r e l e c t r i - ' c a l home a p p l i a n c e s .......................................................................................... 2 9

6.

COMFORT: How t o k e e p y o u r h o m e a t t h e p r o p e r p eratu re. . ................................................................

V.

tem ­ 38

PIPING: How t o p r o v i d e a n d m a i n t a i n y o u r w a t e r s u p p l y . ......................................................................................

44

8.

GETTING RID OF I T :

50

9.

VITAMINS AND CALORIES:

How t o p r e s e r v e

SAFETY:

and e x tin g u is h

10.

How t o

How t o p r e v e n t

disp o se

of w aste m a te r ia ls foods

. . . .

55

f i r e s ..........................6 1

PART I I . TRANSPORTATION HOW TO OPERATE AND MAINTAIN POWER VEHICLES 11.

ON THE HIGHWAY: "How t o d r i v e a n d m a i n t a i n y o u r a u t o ­ m o b i l e ................................................................................................................................ 7 0

12.

I N THE A I R :

How t o f l y

13.

ON THE SEA:

How t o

and m a in ta in y o u r a i r p l a n e .

o p erate

and m a in ta in w ater

. 79

craft.

90

PART I I I . SPORTS AND RECREATION HOW TO. ENJOY YOUR HOURS OF LEISURE 14.

PHOTOGRAPHY:

How t o

tak e and p r i n t y o u r s n a p s h o ts .

. 97

15.

ROD AND GUN:

How t o h u n t a n d f i s h .................................................. 103

CHAPTER

_ PAGE

16.

MUSIC?

How t o m a k e m u s i c ................................

17.

ON THE DIAMOND:

How t o p l a y b a s e b a l l

108 . . . . . . . .

115

BIBIIOGRAPBY...........................................................................................................................12 2

1

PART I .

CONSTRUCTION #TD MAINTENANCE HOW TO BUILD A HOME

A good s t a r t I s Im p o rta n t w ith e v e r y t h i n g . A p leasan t hom e i s a g o o d s t a r t t o a h a p p y l i f e . I f y o u r home i s n o t e v e r y th in g t h a t you m ig h t d e s i r e , re a d th e pages t h a t fo llo w a n d f i n d o u t how e a s y i t i s t o I m p r o v e i t .

3 CHAPTER 1 . FOUNDATION TO ROOF HOW TO PUT A. HOUSE TOGETHER 1A .

REWARDS; 1.

o f k n o w i n g how t o

HOME OF YOUR OWE: own.

2.

A dvantages

B u ild in g

It

it

MORE SATISFACTION:

MONEY SAVED:

It

to have

y o u rself is

f r o m y o u r home i f 3.

is n ice

p u t a home t o g e t h e r . a home o f y o u r

one w ay .

You w i l l g e t m o re s a t i s f a c t i o n you d e sig n

is

it

t h e way y o u w a n t t o .

m ore e c o n o m i c a l t o

do th in g s

y o u rself• B.

DIRE CTIONS: 1.

T hings

to

do when p u t t i n g a h o u s e

How t o p u t i n

a fo u n d atio n .

a.

What ty p e

of ground i s

b.

What k i n d s

c.

What a r e

the h o u s e

to g eth er.

to be b u ilt

on?

o f f o u n d a t i o n s m ay b e u s e d ?

the a d v a n ta g e s

of

the v a r i o u s

ty p es

of

fo u n d atio n s? d.

What i s

e.

S hould you p u t i t

f .

What s h o u l d b e d atio n ?

g.

the

cost

of

the

die f o u n d a t i o n ?

in y o u rse lf ten sile

or have

stre n g th

it

done?

of the fo u n ­

'

W hat t e c h n i q u e

s h o u ld be em ployed i n

lay in g

the

fo u n d atio n ? h.

What p r e c i s i o n i n s t r u m e n t s lay in g

the

s h o u ld be em ployed i n

fo u n d atio n ?

i.

What t o o l s

are n ecessary ?

j .

How a r e m e a s u r e m e n t s

t o b e made?

4 2.

How t o p u t u p t h e

sid in g ,

ro o fin g and s tru c tu ra l

beam s. a.

What s i z e h o u s e i s

b.

What w i l l

be

stru c tu ra l

to be b u i l t ?

the w e ig h t

of m a te ria ls

t h a t the

beams m u s t s u p p o r t ?

c.

How m a n y . b e a m s s h o u l d b e u s e d ?

d.

Prom w h a t k i n d o f m e t a l

e.

W hat i s

f .

W hat k in d

g.

W hat i s

h.

What p r e c i s i o n

i.

W hat i s

the

cost

of the

j .

What i s

fee

cost

of th e beams?

k.

What a r e

1.

Whatk i n d o f

m.

What t e c h n i q u e

the

s h o u ld t h e beam s b e made?

te n s ile s tre n g th of

of sid in g

the c h e m ic a l

is

the beam s?

to be used?

com position of

in stru m en ts

sh o u ld be used?

sid in g ?

the o th e r c o n s tr u c tio n ro o fin g is

fee s i d i n g ?

co sts?

to be u se d ?

s h o u ld be

em ployed i n p u t t i n g

on

th e ro o fin g ? n.

How s h o u l d

o.

What t o o l s

the

roof

be m a d e w a t e r p r o o f ?

a re necessary®

(1)

How

c a n a hammer b e

u s e d m ore e f f e c t i v e l y ?

(2)

How

c a n a s c r e w d r i v e r be u s e d m ore

effec­

tiv ely ? (3)

How c a n a p a i r

of p lie r s

b e u s e d more e f f e c ­

tiv ely ? (4)

How c a n w e i g h t s b e

l i f t e d m ore

effectiv ely ?

How t o p u t i n

a flo o r.

a*

What k i n d o f f l o o r i n g m a t e r i a l

b.

How s h o u l d

c.

What

d.

I f wood i s

the

s h o u ld be used?

f l o o r i n g be s e c u re d ?

is the c o st

of

used,

the f l o o r i n g m a t e r i a l ?

what k in d

of n a ils

s h o u ld be

used? e.

What p r e c i s i o n i n s t r u m e n t s in stallin g

f .

What i s

the

s h o u l d b e u s e d when

a flo o r? ten sile

s tre n g th o f th e f lo o rin g

m a te ria l? g.

What I s

the m odulus

of e l a s t i c i t y

of

the m a t e r i a l ?

How t o w e l d . a.

What i s th e

co m p o sitio n

of the

w elding rod?

b.

What i s t h e

com position

of the

flu x

c.

What

d.

W hat i s th e m e l t i n g p o i n t o f t h e m e t a l t o be

Is th e com position

of th e m etal

to be used? to b e w e ld e d ?

w elded? e.

W hat i s th e

source

f.

What i s the

co m p o sitio n

g.

How i s iro n

h.

the h e a t

of h e a t

to

be u s e d ?

of th e

flu x

t r a n s f e r r e d from t h e

t o be u s e d ? so ld erin g

to th e m etal?

W hat i s th e c o s t

of

the w e ld in g e q u ip m e n t and

m ate ria ls? How t o a.

so ld er?

What i s

th e

co m p o sitio n o f

the

so ld er?

6

C.

b.

What m e t a l I s

c.

What s o u r c e

d.

What i s

e.

How s h o u l d t h e

1.

2.

to b e u s e d ?

th e m e ltin g p o in t su rfa c e be P ro jec ts

of th e

so ld er?

clean ed ?

for

l e a r n i n g how t o p u t

to g eth er,

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

B u i l d a m o d e l o f a home a t s c h o o l .

b.

B u ild a sm all

to o l

c.

A ssist

co n stru c tio n

in

the

mental a c t i v i t i e s

shed or s h e l t e r a t

Check th e

b.

S e e how y o u r h o m e i s

TK U B -F A IS E ; tru e a.

co n stru c tio n

Sam ples

home.

o f a home.

.

a.

EVALUATION; 1.

so ld ered ?

of heat is

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS; a house

D.

t o be

b u ild in g .

co n stru cted .

of types

P lace

of y o u r sch o o l

an X in

of checkups* th e

correct

or fa lse . T F ( )( ) You s h o u l d c l e a n m e t a l

space f o r

before b eg in n in g

to w eld. b.

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d u s e beam s h a v i n g ten sile

the h i g h e s t

stre n g th .:

c.

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d s e c u r e

d.

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d u s e

f l o o r i n g by u s i n g n a i l s .

an a c i d flux: when s o l d e r ­

in g copper. 2.

BEST ANSWER:

P lace

the num ber o f

-the b e s t

answer in

7 the p a r e n t h e s i s . a.

(

) W hen s e l e c t i n g th in g to

c o n sid e r

stre n g th , 3.

RATING SCALE:

beams

(3)

P lace

the m o st im p o r t a n t

is:

co lo r,

(1) c o s t ,

(2)

ten sile

(4) c o m p o s itio n .

an X in each

sp a c e f o r w hich you

q u alify . a.

P u ttin g a house (

) Uses p r o p e r t o o l s .

( ) P u ts

in

p ro p e r type o f fo u n d atio n ,.

( ) Uses b e s t (

) P uts

s tru c tu ra l m a te ria ls.

in flo o rin g

p ro p erly .

(

) Time r e q u i r e d .

(

)A b i l i t y

(

} A b ility to s o ld e r .

(

}A b i l i t y

to w e ld .

to i n s t a l l plum bing.

( ) Makes a l l city 4.

to g eth er.

In stallatio n s

D efin e

and c o n c e p ts . Torque

b.

Force

c.

T en sile

d.

U ltim ate

e.

S tress

f.

S train

accordance w ith

o rd in an ces.

SHORT ANSWER:

a.

in

stre n g th stren g th

or ex p lain

th e fo llo w in g

term s

8 g.

Lever

h.

Screw

i *

F lux M eltin g p o in t

k. E.

F atig u e

RESERVE BOOK L I S T ; 1.

1946.

B u t l e r , A l f r e d M ., H o u s e h o ld P h y s i c s , B o s to n ,

F letch er, London,

4.

get a d d itio n a l a s s is ta n c e .

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o . ,

Barrow s and C o ., 3.

to

B l a c k , N e w t o n H . , E l e m e n t a r y P r a c t i c a l P h y s i c s , New Y ork,

2.

W here

Lynde, Y ork,

G u stav .

M.

1935. L .,

M cG raw -H ill, C arleto n J . ,

U n i f i e d P h y s i c s , New Y o r k a n d 1936.

P hysics

of

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

t h e H o u s e h o l d , New 1936.

4

9

10 CHAPTER 2 . F I N IS H I N G TOUCHES HOW TO DECORATE A HOME A.

REWARDSt 1.

A dvantages

o f k n o w i n g how t o

SMOOTH F I N I S H E S :

d eco rate

You can c o v e r a l o t

a home*

of roughness

by u s in g p a i n t . 2.

3.

DURABLE FINISHES,:

By u s i n g

w ill be a ssu re d of

lo n g -lastin g fin is h e s.

INCREASED HOME VALUE:

the r ig h t m a te r ia ls

A w e l l d e c o r a t e d home i s

you

w o rth

m ore t o y o u . 4.

ECONOMY I N DECORATING: p ro p e rly you w i l l

B.

DIRECTIO NS:

If

y o u know h o w t o d e c o r a t e

save money.

S u g g estio n s

t h a t w i l l h e lp you In

deco ratin g

a home. How t o p a i n t

the

o u tsid e

o f y o u r hom e..

a

.

How s h o u l d

the

b

.

S hould

su rfa c e be

c

.

S hould a p rim in g

. e.

d

f

.

g.

the

What i s

s u rfa c e be c le a n e d b e fo re

What ty p e

p ain tin g

I s begun;’

c o a t be ap p lied .?

the c o m p o s i t i o n o f

How s h o u l d

th e p rim er?

th e p a i n t be m ixed? of a p p lic a tio n

How d o e s a p a i n t

How t o p a i n t

dry b e fo re

p ain tin g ?

d evice

s h o u ld be u se d ?

s p r a y e r work?

the i n s i d e

o f y o u r home.

a

.

How s h o u l d p l a s t e r i n g b e p a i n t e d ? '

b

.

How s h o u l d

c

.

On w h a t t y p e s

the

k itc h e n be p ain ted ? of surfaces

sh o u ld enam el be u sed ?

IX

3.

d.

W hat i s the

cost

of

the p a i n t ?

e.

What i s th e

com position o f

f.

Does

g.

How s h o u l d t h e p a i n t

th e

p ain t?

i t wear w ell? or v a rn ish

be a p p l i e d ?

How t o p l a s t e r w a l l s * a.

What k i n d o f f i n i s h

b.

What s h o u l d b e

the

is

d e sired ?

ten sile

stre n g th of

the p l a s ­

terin g ? c.

W hat i s gypsum p l a s t e r ?

d.

What

e.

How s h o u l d t h e

first

f .

How s h o u l d

surface

i s lim e p l a s t e r ?

the

c o a t be a p p lie d ? of

the f i r s t

pared fo r

the

second c o a t?

g.

How s h o u l d

the

second c o a t be a p p lie d ?

h.

When s h o u l d

i.

How d o e s p l a s t e r i n g

j.

What e f f e c t d o e s

the f i n i s h i n g

coat be p r e ­

co at be a p p lie d ?

dry?

hum idity have

on t h e d r y i n g

of

p lasterin g ? 4.

How t o w a l l p a p e r a home «•' a.

What c o l o r w a l l p a p e r

b.

What s h o u l d be

c..

W hich rooms n e e d t o b e

d.

W hich rooms

sh o u ld be

e.

What i s

q u ality

f.

What s u r f a c e s c a n be w a l l p a p e r e d e a s i l y ?

th e

the

s h o u l d be u s e d ?

tex tu re

of the w allp ap er?

b r ig h t e n e d by w a llp a p e r ? subdued by w a llp a p e r?

of the w a llp a p e r?

12 g.

What k i n d o f w a l l p a p e r p a s t e

h.

W ill w allp ap er sty le

trim m in g be

Is

b est?

in k eeping w ith

th e

o f t h e home?

i.

How m u c h s h o u l d o n e r o l l

j.

What m e a s u r e s

o v erlap

the

s h o u l d be u s e d t o k e e p

o th ers? it

from

w rin k lin g ? 5.

How t o of a.

r e f le c t your p erso n a lity in

the fu rn is h in g s

th e hom e. What k i n d o f f u r n i t u r e

reflects

a com fort lo v in g

person? b.

What k i n d o f f u r n i t u r e

c.

Does y o u r f u r n i t u r e

best

reflect

reflects the

fo rm ality ?

current

tastes

i n y o u r .com m unity? d.

How m a n y f l o o r

e.

Are t h e

p ictu re s

or b irth d ay

C.

on t h e w a.lls

in stalled ? your fa v o rite

f.

How s h o u l d t r i v i a l i t i e s

g.

How s h o u l d b r i c - a - b r a c b e s e l e c t e d ?

h.

When s h o u l d r e d a n d p i n k b e P ro je c ts

be s e l e c t e d ?

a.

D eco rate

b.

D e c o r a te y o u r home.

c.

P a in t the

classroom .

to o l

used?

i n how t o

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . th e

ones

p resen ts?

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS; 1.

lam ps s h o u l d be

s h e d a t home.

d eco rate

a hom e.

2.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S : a.

C om men t on t h e

b.

S u g g e s t ways i n

fin ish in g w hich th e

y o u r hom e m i g h t b e D.

EVALUATION: 1.

of your classroom . in terio r

d eco ratio n

of

im proved.

Sam ple q u e s t i o n s .

TRUE-FALSE:

P lace

an X in

the

correct

space

for

tru e

or f a l s e . a.

T P ( )( )

You s h o u l d c h o o s e w a t e r r e s i s t a n t p a i n t s f o r use

b.

( )(

)

in sid e

y o u r home.

You s h o u l d u s e w a l l p a p e r t h a t m a tc h e s your fu rn itu re .

c.

( )(

)

You s h o u l d u s e

a p ain t

s p r a y e r when p a i n t

i n g y o u r window s i l l s . 2.

BEST ANSWER:

P lace

th e number o f

the b e s t

answ er in

the p a r e n t h e s i s . a.

( )

When s e l e c t i n g co n sid e r: (3)

b.

( )

(1)

q u ality

The d r y i n g ly Ly:

(3) w a te r

c o st,

(2)

you sh o u ld f i r s t fu rn itu re

of w allp ap er, rate

(1)

w allp ap er,

of p la s te r

tem p eratu re,

i n room ,

( 4 ) y o u r own t a s t e is

a f f e c t e d m ain­

(2) p r e s s u r e ,

co n ten t of p l a s t e r ,

(4)

re la tiv e

h u m id ity . 3.

RATING SCALE: you q u a l i f y .

P la c e an X i n e a c h sp a c e f o r w hich

14 a.

D e c o r a t i n g a home. ( ) S elects

econom ical w a llp a p e r .

( ) S elects

w a llp a p e r w hich m atch es

in

th in g s

the room.

( ) Uses p ro p e r

tech n iq u e

( ) Uses r i g h t k in d ( ) Uses p a i n t

SHORT ANSWER:.

in p u ttin g

on w a l l p a p e r .

of b ru sh e s.

sprayer p ro p erly .

( ) D e c o r a t e s room 4.

o th er

D efine

to f i t

p erso n ality

or ex p lain

of

occu p an ts.

th e f o llo w in g term s

and c o n c e p ts .

E.

a.

P rim er

b .

P ain t

c.

Gypsum p l a s t e r

d.

L im e p l a s t e r

e.

T en sile

f.

B reak in g p o in t

g.

H um idity

sprayer

stre n g th

RESERVE BOOK L I S T ; 1.

B urbank, Y ork, pp.

2.

W here

a ssista n c e .

N elso n L ., House C o n s t r u c t i o n D e t a i l s .

Sim m ons-B oardm an P u b l i s h i n g C o r p o r a t i o n ,

New 1942,

306.

Dunham,., C l a r e n c e W h i t i n g , ter

L iv in g .

H untington,

P l a n n i n g Y o u r Home f o r B e t ­

New Y o r k , W h i t t l e s e y H o u s e ,

Book Company, I n c . , 3.

to g e t a d d i t i o n a l

C lark ,

M cG raw -H ill

1945. B u i l d i n g Cons t r u e t i o n , S e c o n d e d i -

15 tlo n .

New Y o r k , J o h n W i l e y & S o n s ,

I h c .,

1945,

645 p p .

16 CHAPTER 3 . GETTING PREPARED HOW TO SELECT BUILDING MATE REAI E A.

REWARDS:

Good, r e a s o n s

f o r k n o w i n g how t o

s e le c t b u ild in g

m ateria ls . 1.

TIME SAVED:

It

doesn’t

take

as

lo n g t o buy t h in g s

t h a t y o u kno w y o u n e e d . 2.

ECONOMICAL CONSTRUCTION: m a te ria ls,

Tf

the w hole p r o c e s s

you s e l e c t

the p ro p e r

of b u ild in g w ill

be m ore

eco n o m ical. 3.

;PE.RSONAL TOUCH:

The m a t e r i a l s

s e le c te d w ill, r e f le c t

your p e rso n a lity . B.

DIRECTIO NS: 1.

2.

How t o

Key p o i n t s

in

s e le c tin g b u ild in g m a te r ia ls .

s e le c t m etals.

a.

W hat i s

!b .

W hat i s

the d e n s i t y the

of

co efficien t

c.

W ill the m etal r u s t

d.

W ill th e m e ta l m e lt a t

e.

Whati s

th e

ten sile

or

Is

th e m e ta l d u c t i l e ?

g.

Is

th e m etal m a lle a b le ?

h.

What i s

i.

Is

How t o

an a llo y se le c t

a.

Whati s

b.

What i s

of expansion of

the m e ta l?

ta rn ish ? low t e m p e r a t u r e s ?

stren g th

f.

the c o s t

the m e ta l?

of

th e m etal?

of m etal?

b etter

than

the m e ta l?

lu m b er.

the the

cost

of

the

lum ber?

te n sile stre n g th

of

the

lum ber?

c.

Xs t h e

lum ber d u r a b l e ?

d.

What i s

e.

I 's

th e

f.

Is

th ere

th e

d en sity

of th e

lum ber?

lum ber w a te r r e s i s t a n t ? a

su b stitu te

How t o m a k e u p a

b e tter

lum ber and m i l l

a.

How i s

th e am ount

b.

W hat u n i t s

are

c.

How i s

siz e

d.

F o r what p u rp o se

e.

What i s

f.

How m a y b l u e p r i n t s

than lum ber? list*

liste d ? t

the

used in

listin g ?

listed ? is

the p u rp o se

the m a t e r i a l t o b e u s e d ? of

the

lum ber l i s t ?

be u s e d i n m a k in g up a lum ber

list? How t o s e l e c t

and

test

co n crete.

a.

Xs i t

b.

What i s

the

c.

W hat i s

th e d e n s ity

d.

What i s

the c o m p o sitio n of

e.

du rab le? cost

of

the

of the

(1)

How m u c h s a n d i s

(2)

How m u c h c e m e n t i s

(3)

How m u c h w a t e r i s

What i s

How t o

the

ten sile

co n crete? co n crete? the

co n crete?

in it? in

it?

in i t ?

stren g th

of

the

co n crete?

sele ct b ric k s.

a.

W hat i s

b.

A re

c.

What i s

the c o s t

the b r i c k s

of b ric k s ?

du rab le?

the c o m p o sitio n of

the

b ric k s?

18

6.

d.

What i s

the t e n s i l e

e.

What i s

the c o l o r of

f.

What i s

the d e n s i t y

g.

How a r e b r i c k s m a d e ?

h.

What t y p e s

i .

How m a n y b r i c k s

How t o

are

b ric k s?

b e s t f o r b r i c k m aking?

are needed?

g lass. the c o s t

b.

What i s

the r e f r a c t i v e

the g la s s

of th e

g lass? index of

What i s

the s t r e n g t h

e.

W hat i s

the c o m p o sitio n o f

f.

What i m p u r i t i e s

g.

What i s

h.

How m u c h g l a s s

i.

How i s

the

the

g lass?

ab errated ?

d.

How t o

th e

of the b r ic k s ?

What i s

Is

of

the b r i c k s ?

a.

c.

7.

se le c t

of clay s

stren g th

are

of the

in

th ick n ess is

the

the of

g lass? g lass?

glass?

th e g la s s ?

needed?

g l a s s made?

se le c t p a in ts.

a.

What c o l o r i s

b.

What a r e

c.

How l o n g w i l l

d esired ?

the w earing q u a l i t i e s the

p a in t co atin g

d.

What i s

the c o m p o s itio n o f th e

e.

W hat i s

th e c o st the

of p ain t? look

n ice?

p ain t?

of the p a in t?

f.

What g i v e s

p ain t i t s

co lo r?

g.

How i s

th e p a i n t

to

be a p p l i e d ?

h.

F or what p u rp o se

is

the p a in t

to beused?

8.

How t o

se le c t

to o ls.

a.

What t o o l s

are

req u ired ?

b.

For what p u rp o ses

c.

What a r e

are

the

the ad v an tag es

to o ls

t o be u se d ?

o f b u y i n g name b r a n d

to o ls ? d.

W hat a r e

th e

d isad v a n ta g es

o f b u y i n g name b r a n d

to o ls ? e. Q.

How s h o u l d

the v a rio u s

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTSt m ateria ls 1.

2.

types

P ro jec ts

of to o ls

i n how t o

be te s te d ?

s e le c t b u ild in g

f o r a hom e.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

S elect m ateria ls

f o r b u i l d i n g a home.

b.

S elect m a te ria ls

fo r b u ild in g

a garage.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Compare

the

b.

Compare t h e

co sts

of v a rio u s

b u ild in g m a te ria ls.

s tre n g th of v ario u s

b u ild in g

m ater­

ia ls . D.

EVALUATION: 1.

Sam ples

TRUE-FALSE: tru e a.

of

types

of c h e c k -u p s.

P lace an X in th e

or f a ls e . T F ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d

se le c t

correct

g lass

space f o r

h a v i n g no a b e r -

atio n . b.

(

)(

)

It

is

best

oxi di z e d .

to use m e ta ls

th at are

e a sily

20 BEST ANSWER* in

th e

a.

(

P lace

the num ber of

the b e s t a n s w e r

p aren th esis. )

In

se le c tin g b ric k s,

sid e r (3)

is*

(1)

ten sile

RATING SCALE:

P lace

the

first

d u ra b ility ,

stren g th , an X i n

(4)

th in g to

con­

(2) c o m p o s itio n , co lo r.

e a c h space f o r w hich

you q u a lif y . a.

S electin g b u ild in g m a te ria ls. ) Low c o s t ) C olor schem e. ) W earing a b i l i t y . ) S tren g th

of m a te r ia l.

) D u rab ility SHORT ANSWER:

of b u ild in g m a te ria ls.

D efine

or ex p lain

e a c h term o r

con­

cept .

E.

a.

D en sity .

b.

C o efficien t

c.

D u ctility .

d.

M allea b le .

e.

T en sile

f.

F orce.

g.

S tress.

h.

S train .

stren g th .

RESERVE BOOK L I S T : 1.

of ex p an sio n .

W here

to g e t a d d itio n a l a s s is ta n c e .

B u r b a n k , N e l s o n L . , H o u s e C o n s t r u c t i o n D e t a i l s . New

21 Y ork,

Sim m ons-B oardm an P u b l i s h i n g C o r p o r a t i o n ,

1942,

306 p p . 2.

Dunham, C l a r e n c e W h i t i n g , te r L iv in g .

Hew Y o r k , W h i t t l e s e y H o u s e ,

Book C om pany, I n c . , 3.

H untington-, ed itio n , 645 p p .

P l a n n i n g Y o u r Home f o r B e t *

C lark,

Hew Y o r k ,

M cG raw -H ill

194 5 . B u ild in g C o n s tru c tio n . Jo h n W iley & S ons, I n c . ,

Second 1945,

23 CHAPTER 4 . LIGHT I T UP HOW TO PROVIDE PROPER LIGHTING FOR YOUR HOME A.

REWARDS:

T hings

good l i g h t i n g 1.

to be

g a i n e d b y k n o w i n g how

to p r o v i d e

fo r your home.

CONVENIENCE:

It

is

n ice

to have

lig h t

w here i t

is

needed. 2.

ECONOMY:’

You w i l l

p rin c ip le s 3.

SAFETY:

of

s a v e money b y u n d e r s t a n d i n g

the

lig h tin g .

By k n o w i n g t h e

lo ad lim ita tio n s

of w irin g ,

y o u m ay p r e v e n t f i r e s . 4. B.

NO EYE STRAIN:

DI RE CTIO NS : 1.

P roper lig h tin g saves

P o in ts

to

How t o m a k e p l a n s

eyes.

c o n s i d e r i n home l i g h t i n g . f o r w i r i n g y o u r home.

a.

What a r e

the

sta te

re g u la tio n s

b.

What a r e

lo c a l re g u la tio n s reg ard in g

c.

What ty p e

of b u ild in g m ateria ls

d.

What ty p e

of b lu ep rin t

of

the

re g a rd in g w irin g ?

is

w irin g ?

h o u s e made o f ?

lig h tin g p lan

sh o u ld

you make? e.

S h o u ld you em ploy a c o n t r a c t o r

to i n s t a l l

the

lig h tin g ? f.

What t y p e

g.

What i s d irect

h.

o f c u r r e n t w i l l be u se d ?

th e

d ifferen ce

betw een a l t e r n a t i n g

cu rren t?

W ill you have

any use f o r d i r e c t c u r r e n t?

and

24 I .

What i s

t h e maximum n u m b e r o f v o l t s

you w i l l r e ­

q u ire? j.

What i s

t h e maximum n u m b e r o f a m p s y o u w i l l

re-

t h e m ax im um p o w e r l o a d i n

re­

qui re ? k.

What i s

k ilo w atts

q u ired ?

2.

1.

W hat k in d

m.

What i s

n.

W hat ty p e s

o f w ir in g s h o u ld be s e l e c t e d ?

the

How t o i n s t a l l

current

carry in g c a p a c ity

of in s u la tio n

of th e w ire?

s h o u ld be used?

w irin g ?

a.

W he n s h o u l d w i r i n g b e i n s t a l l e d ?

b.

Wrh o s h o u l d i n s t a l l

c.

How s h o u l d c o n n e c t i o n b e m a d e t o

w irin g ? th e m ain power

lin e? d.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

sho u ld be

ta k e n i n m aking i n -

stallatio n s? e.

W hat t o o l s

are

req u ired ?

f.

How a r e

g.

How a r e w i r e s

h.

How s h o u l d a m e t e r b e c o n n e c t e d ?

i.

What t y p e

s p l i c e s made? secured?

of m aster sw itch or c u rre n t b reak er

s h o u ld be em ployed? j .

Why a r e

fuses

k.

What s i z e

1.

How m a n y c i r c u i t s

fuse

used? sh o u ld be used ? are

to be u sed ?

in.

Are a l l

req u ired

o u tlets

shown on th e

of o u tle t fix tu re s

plan s?

n.

What ty p e

a r e to be used?

0.

What t e c h n i q u e s w i l l b e em p lo y ed i n m a k in g

the

in stallatio n ? p.

How s h o u l d t h e

How t o

lo cate

i n s t a l l a t i o n be

lig h ts

and

in sp ec te d ?

lig h tin g ap p lian ces

m ost

effectiv ely . a.

What ty p e

of lig h tin g

b.

W hat i s

in d irec t

c.

W hat s u b s t a n c e s

d.

What s u b s t a n c e s lig h t

is

d esired ?

lig h tin g ? absorb

lig h t?

reflect

lig h t?

e.

How d o e s

f .

Why s h o u l d e a c h r o o m b e c o n s i d e r e d s e p a r a t e l y ?

g.

How m u c h l i g h t

h.

How i s

lig h t

trav el?

is

re q u ire d f o r readin g?

i n t e n s i t y m easured?

1.

How m u c h l i g h t d o v a r i o u s

j .

W hat i s the a d v a n ta g e

k.

How c a n

d ire c t

1.

How c a n

shadows b e

reflectio n

n.

Are l i g h t i n g a p p l i a n c e s

o.

What a r e

p.

W hat a r e

lig h tin g ?

be c u t d o w n ?

p revented?

W hat e f f e c t

on l i g h t i n g

c o sts

em it?

of flu o re sc e n t

m.

the

lig h ts

do m i r r o r s h a v e ? in stalled

of vario u s

your personal

tastes

w here need ed ?

lig h tin g

ap p lian ces

in f ix tu re s ?

C.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: b ein g ab le 1.

to p ro v id e

P ro jec ts

th a t w ill a s s i s t you in

proper lig h tin g .

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

In sta ll

lig h ts

b.

M ak e p l a n s

I n jrour g a r a g e a t hom e.

f o r Im proving

th e

lig h tin g

of your

sch o o l. 2.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make a l i s t

of th in g s

to be

co nsidered , i n

of safety

p recau tio n s

lig h t­

in g a hom e. b.

Make a l i s t

when m a k in g l i g h t i n g D.

EVALUATION:

observed

in sta lla tio n s.

S a m p l e q u e s t i o n s w h i c h w i l l d e t e r m i n e how

w e ll you have 1.

to be

learn ed

THJE-FALSE:

the b a s ic p r in c ip le s

P lace

an X in

the

correct

of

lig h tin g .

space f o r

tru e

or f a ls e . T P

a.

(

'

)( )

r f y o u r m axim um c u r r e n t you sh o u ld use

b.

(

)( )

An o v e r h e a d s h o u ld be

c.

( )( )

100 am ps,

1 0 0 am ps f u s e s .

lig h t and a

on

lo ad is

the

re frig e ra to r

same c i r c u i t .

I f y o u r maxim um c u r r e n t

load is

100 am p s,

you sh o u ld use # 0 w ir e . 2.

BEST ANSW1P:

P lace

th e

p aren th esis.

a*

(

)

T he b e s t

the num ber o f

type

the

of in s u la tio n

b e s t answ er in

is:

(!)

rubber,

(2) b.

( )

The b e s t (2)

c.

(

)

co tto n ,

(3) w o o l,

lig h t

y ello w ,

Y our c i t y power d ire ct

(4)

240 v o l t s .

.RATING SCALE:

w h ite,

(4)

su p p ly

isr

cu rren t,

P lace

lead .

absorber i s :

(3)

(2)

(4)

an X in

(3)

(1) b la c k , red. (1)

100 c y c l e ,

a lte rn a tin g

cu rren t,

e a c h sp ace f o r w hich you

q u alify . a.

In stallin g

w irin g .

(

)

C o st.

(

)

S afety .

( )

P ro p e r w ire

(

)

S p licin g

(

)

Makes

siz e .

ab ility .

good c o n n e c tio n s .

( )

In stalls

p ro p er sw itch e s.

( )

F ollow s

lo cal reg u latio n s.

SHORT ANSWER:

D efine

and c o n c e p ts. a.

Foot can d le.

b.

Lumen

c.

C andle pow er.

d.

In can d escen t.

e .

Im age.

f.

In d irect

g.

D isp ersio n .

lig h tin g .

or e x p la in the fo llo w in g

term s

E .

h.

R efractio n .

i.

R eflectio n ,

j •

C o lo r.

k.

S pectrum .

1.

A b so rp tio n ,

m.

P hotom eter,

n .

Trans l u c e n t .

o.

Trans p a r e n t .

RESERVE BOOK SHELF;. 1.

3.

4.

get

B a r t o n , A . W ., T e x t on L i g h t . C o .,

2.

W here t o

In c .,

B lack,

New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

ad d itio n al a s s is ta n c e . Longmans, G reen and

1939.

N ew ton H . , E l e m e n t a r y P r a c t i c a l P h y s i c s .

New Y o r k ,

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o . , , 1 9 4 6 .

L u ck iesh ,

M atthew ,

L ig h t,

V isio n and S e e in g .

N o r s t r a n d C o * ,. I n c . ,

New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

R ich ter, H erb ert P .,

P ra c tic a l E le c tric ity

W irin g . 1 9 0 PP«

F r e d e r ic k J . D rake and C o .,

D. Van

1945. an d House

C hicago,

1939,

29 CHAPTER 5 . KEEP I T RUNNING HOW TO OPERATE AND REPAIR ELECTRICAL HOME APPLIANCES A.

REWARDS: rep air 1.

M o tiv atio n f o r

ele c tric a l

2.

GREATER E F F I C I E N C Y :

B.

DIRE CTIONS:

1.

of e l e c t r i c a l

to o p e r a te ' a p p l i a n c e s

You w i l l b e a b l e

w ill

Procedures

to s o l v e

your

on a m ore s c i e n t i f i c b a s i s .

you have no

home a p p l i a n c e s

and

p o ssib le.

REDUCTION OF R E P A I R B I L I S : y o u rself,

o p erate

hazards.

e l e c t r i c a l problem s 4.

The u s e

th is

K n o w i n g how

c u t do wn o n f i r e 3.

THE HOME*

w i l l make

SAFER HOME:

to

ap p lian ces.

MORE COMPORT I N app lian ces

l e a r n i n g how

I'f you c a n r e p a i r

it

rep air b i l l .

to be fo llo w e d to keep e l e c t r i c a l ,

o p eratin g .

How t o k e e p a p p l i a n c e s

o p erativ e.

a.

What c u r r e n t

s h o u l d be s u p p l i e d t o

the

ap p lian ce?

b.

What v o l t a g e

sh o u ld be

the

ap p lian ce?

c.

Whatk i n d

d.

What s i z e

su p p lied to

of i n s u l a t i n g m a te r ia l sh o u ld be used? of fu se

is

needed to p r o te c t

th e

ap­

p lian ce? e.

How o f t e n

s h o u ld th e a p p lia n c e be c le a n e d ?

f.

How o f t e n

sh o u ld

the a p p l i a n c e be g r e a s e d

o iled ? g.

Are a l l

connections

p r o p e r l y made?

or

30 h.

Xs a p p l i a n c e

op erated in

a c c o r d a n c e w ith manu­

f a c t u r e r ’s i n s t r u c t i o n s ? 2.

How t o a.

rep air

a door b e l l .

How s h o u l d

the

lo catio n

of th e

d e fe c t be d e te r ­

m ined? b.

What i s

the

c.

W here a r e

circu it for

the

vario u s

the

door b e l l ?

p arts

of

the

circu it

loca

ted?

3.

d.

How s h o u l d l o o s e

e.

Are th e

f.

Are t h e r e

g.

S hould any

h.

How

i.

Is

How t o

co n n ectio n s

v ario u s

co n tacts

sh o u ld a

in

the

tr a n s f o r m e r be

tested ? rep air?

a rad io .

a.

What i s

th e m odel o f the

b.

Do

c.

How s h o u l d y o u d e t e r m i n e

you have a r e p a i r

su p p lied

circ u it?

the w ir in g be r e p la c e d ?

the push b u tto n i n n e e d o f rep air

checked fo r?

a d ju s te d p ro p erly ?

any b ro k en l i n e s of

be

to

th ere

th e

rad io ?

m anual? if

current is

rad io ?

d.

A re

e.

A re a l l

f.

How

sh o u ld you check f o r grounds?

g.

How

s h o u ld you check f o r s h o r ts ?

h.

Are any

re sisto rs

i.

Are any

condensors b u rn ed out?

of

bein g

any b ro k en tubes

in

co n n ectio n s? o p eratin g

b u rn e d out?

con d itio n ?

31

4.

5.

j.

Are an y o f

k.

Should you ta k e

How t o

the

sw itch es d e fe c tiv e ? the ra d io

to a r e p a i r shop?

r e p a i r an e l e c t r i c h e a t i n g i r o n .

a.

A re a l l

connections

p r o p e r l y made?

b.

W ill th e

c.

How s h o u l d t h e h e a t i n g e l e m e n t b e r e m o v e d ?

d.

Is

e.

Can t h e h e a t i n g

f.

How s h o u l d a new h e a t i n g e l e m e n t b e i n s t a l l e d ?

power su p p ly

lig h t

the h e a t i n g elem en t

a lig h t?

d efectiv e?

elem ent be

rep aired ?

How t o o p e r a t e a n d m a i n t a i n y o u r r e f r i g e r a t o r . a.

How o f t e n

sho u ld

the

r e f r i g e r a t o r be d e f r o s t e d ?

b.

How s h o u l d

the r e f r i g e r a t o r be d e f r o s te d ?

c.

W here d o es

the h e a t

come f r o m t o r e m o v e

th e

f r o s t and ic e ? d.

W here s h o u l d d u s t i n g b e done on t h e

e.

W here s h o u l d o i l i n g be d o n e?

f .

Why s h o u l d

the

refrig era to r?

r e f r ig e r a to r be kept in a le v e l

p o sitio n ? g.

How s h o u l d d o o r g a s k e t s b e c l e a n e d a n d r e p a i r e d ?

h.

How s h o u l d

i .

What ty p e

the

th e rm o s ta t be a d ju s te d ?

of re p a irs

s h o u ld be done by the

man? 6.

How t o r e p l a c e a b l o w n o u t f u s e . a.

How c a n y o u d e t e r m i n e i f

a fuse

is

blow n?

b.

What d o es a d i s c o l o r e d f u s e i n d i c a t e ?

rep air

32 c.

S hould you a tte m p t to th e f u s e blow

out?

d.

What m i g h t be

causes

e.

S hould th e

sw itch be

d eterm in e

th e

reason fo r

o f o v e r l o a d on t h e tu rn ed

to " o f f "

cu rren t?

when c h e c k ­

in g a fu se ? f .

Why i s

it

necessary

ch eck in g th e

y o u r h a n d s be d r y when

box?

g.

How s h o u l d

the f u s e

h.

How s h o u l d

the e le m e n t be r e p la c e d ?

i.

How s h o u l d

the

th e 7.

fuse

th at

alu m in u m e l e m e n t be rem o v ed ?

c ir c u it be

tested

on c o m p l e t i o n o f

j ob ?

How t o m a i n t a i n a n d r e p a i r a n e l e c t r i c a l m o t o r . a.

Is

th e m otor b e in g

b.

Are

c.

How s h o u l d w o r n b r u s h e s

d.

What k i n d o f s a n d p a p e r s h o u l d b e u s e d i n

the

lu b ric a te d p ro p erly ?

b rushes w earin g ev en ly ? be

rep aired ? clean ­

ing brushes? e.

How s h o u l d s p r i n g

ten sio n

of

th e b ru sh h o ld e rs

be a d ju s te d ? f. g.

Is

th e

com m utator p i t t e d ?

-How s h o u l d

the

c o m m u t a t o r be c l e a n e d ?

h.

A re

th ere

any open c i r c u i t s

i.

A re

th ere

any s h o r t

j.

Is

k.

W hat i s

th e m otor ru n n in g

c irc u its at

the i n s u l a t i o n

the

In the in

com m utator?

th e

com m utator?

p ro p e r tem perature?

re sista n c e

of

the m o to r?

33

8.

1.

How s h o u l d a nm e g g e r n h e u s e d ?

m.

Xs t h e m o t o r e v e r o v e r l o a d e d ?

n.

How may o v e r l o a d h e p r e v e n t e d ?

o.

Xs

p.

A re th e m o to r h e a r i n g s

q.

Is

How t o

the m o to r b e in g p r o p e r ly

good c o n d i t i o n ?

com pute jrour e l e c t r i c

a.

How s h o u l d

h.

When s h o u l d t h e

c.

On w h a t u n i t s

d.

How w o u l d y o u d e t e r m i n e

h ill.

the e l e c t r i c m e te r he r e a d ? e lectric

does

used d u rin g

m e te r he

read?

t h e m e t e r reg.d? th e number o f k i l o w a t t

th e m onth?

e.

What i s

your e le c tr ic

f .

How w o u l d y o u c o m p a r e y o u r c a l c u l a t e d h i l l w i t h th a t of th e

9.

i n good c o n d itio n ?

th e m o to r s t a r t e r i n

hours

v en tilated ?

rate?

company?

How t o r e p a i r a n d r e p l a c e sw itch es

w all sw itc h e s.

a.

What m a s t e r

h.

How s h o u l d

c.

How s h o u l d l e a d s h e

d.

How s h o u l d

the

, e.

S hould th e

s w itc h he

f.

How s h o u l d

th e

sw itch

be r e - i n s t a l l e d ?

g.

How s h o u l d

the

sw itch

he te s te d ?

the

sw itch

sh o u ld he tu r n e d be rem oved f r o m

rem oved fro m th e

sw itch

off? the

w all?

sw itch ?

he c l e a n e d ? rep laced ?

34 G.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS? m aintenance 1.

Work t h a t w i l l a s s i s t y o u i n

of e le c tr ic a l

th e

equipm ent.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

R ep air th e

d efectiv e

ele c tric a l

ap p lian ces

In

your hom e. b .

R ep air are

2.

the

s c h o o l's

e le ctrical

ap p lian ces

th at

in need of r e p a ir .

RENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

E x p l a i n how y o u w o u l d c o m p u t e y o u r e l e c t r i c a l b ill.

b.

L ist

the

step s

rep airin g c.

O u tlin e

to be fo llo w e d in

re p la c in g and

a fuse.

th e p o s s ib le

d efects

and r e p a ir s

for

an

e l e c t r i c a l m otor. d.

G ive

the

step s

to be fo llo w e d i n r e p a i r i n g a

door b e l l . D.

EVALUATION? 1.

Checks

TRUE ANT) FALSE: tru e a.

on e l e c t r i c a l m a i n t e n a n c e p r o c e d u r e . P lace

an X i n

th e

correct

space fo r

tu rn o ff

th e

current

before

current

before

or f a ls e . (

)(

)

You s h o u l d

r e p l a c i n g a blow n f u s e . b .

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d rep airin g

c.

(

)(

)

In

rep air

tu rn

off

the

a w all sw itc h . electrical

sh o u ld fo llo w

equipm ent,

the m a n u f a c tu re r 's

you rep air

m an u al. d.

( )(

)

Y o u s h o u l d u s e a ‘’m e g g e r 11 t o c h e c k t h e In su latio n

BEST ANSWER:

P lace

th e

p aren th esis.

a.

(

)

resista n ce

th e number of

When r e p a i r i n g check:

(1)

c u its,

a

the b e s t

answer in

door b e l l you sh o u ld f i r s t

fo r grounds,

(3) f o r

of a m o to r.

loose

(2)

fo r short c i r ­

co n n ectio n s,

(4)

the

co n tacts• b.

C

)

You s h o u l d c l e a n (1)

alco h o l,

(2)

tetra c h lo rid e , c.

(

)

In

a m o to r com m utator w i t h sandpaper,

(4)

im p o rtan t

th in g

p ro p erly ,

(2)

is;

(1)

read in g

th e m ost th e m eter

know ing th e num ber o f k i l o ­

w atts

used,

b ill,

(4) y o u r r a t e . P lace

carbon

clo th .

com puting y o u r e l e c t r i c a l b i l l

RATING- SCARE:

(3)

th e amount of y o u r

last

an X I n each sp a c e f o r w hich

you q u a l i f y . a.

(3)

R e p a ir in g an e l e c t r i c {

)

Makes

certain

(

)

Checks

(

)

C leans b ru sh e s

(

)

A d ju sts

(

)

C leans

m otor.

current

is

off.

lu b ric a tio n .

brushes

p ro p erly . p ro p erly .

com m utators

co rrectly .

36 (

4.

)

F inds

any s h o r t

{ )

F inds

any g ro u n d s .

(

)

Checks

(

)

Check m o to r

SHO'RT ANSWEK:

o p eratin g

D efine

c irc u its.

tem p eratu re.

sta rte r. or ex p lain

th e fo llo w in g term s

and c o n c e p ts .

E.

a.

V o lt,

h .

A m pere.

c.

W att.

d.

E lec tro n .

e .

R esis t a n c e .

f .

Ohm*s L a w .

g.

K irch o f f 's

h.

S erie s

i.

P a ra lle l

3.

Ampere t u r n s .

k.

Shunt m oto r.

1.

C ond ucto rs,

m.

In su lato rs,

n.

T ransform ers,

o.

In d u c tio n ,

p.

Im pedence.

c irc u it. c irc u it.

RESERVE BOOK SHELF? 1.

S tu b b in g s,

Law.

W here t o

get a d d itio n al a s s is ta n c e .

G. W ., The D i s e a s e s

of E l e c t r i c a l M aehin-

ery.

C h e m i c a l P u b l i s h i n g C o . , , New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

R ich ter, H erbert P ., W irin g .

P rac tic al E le c tric ity

F r e d e r ic k J . D rake & C o .,

C hicago,

1939.

and House 1939,

180

W a r D e p a r t m e n t , TJ. S . A»* T e c h n i c a l M a n u a l E l e c t r i c a l F u n d a m e n t a l s , W ar D e p a r t m e n t , TJ. S . A . , W a s h i n g t o n , D. C . ,

1941.

W illiard ,

L e s te r R .,

F undam entals

G in n a n d Company, B o s t o n ,

1943.

of E l e c t r i c i t y .

38 CHAPTER 6 . COMPORT HOW TO KEEP YOUR HOME AT THE PROPER TEMPERATURE A.

REWARDS:

T hings

y o u r home a t 1.

to b e

g a i n e d b y k n o w in g how t o k e e p

the p ro p e r

HEALTHY BODY:

tem p eratu re.

P ro p e r tem p eratu res

h elp s

to m a i n t a i n

a h e alth y body. 2.

GREATER COMPORT:

You f e e l

if

the p ro p e r

t h e room i s

at

3.

MORE GUESTS;

4.

H A P P I E R PARENTS:

M o re f r i e n d s

DIRECTIONS: tem p eratu re 1.

T hings

a n d m ore

com fortable

tem p eratu re,

w ill enjoy v i s i t i n g

you.

A c o o l r o o m on a h o t d a y w i l l

to keep your p a re n ts B.

b etter

in

ten d

good s p i r i t s .

to do t o

in crease

or decrease

th e

of your room .

How t o h e a t y o u r r o o m , a.

How t o u s e

steam .

(1)

How d o y o u t u r n

(2)

How m u c h s t e a m i s

(3)

What i s

(4)

W hat ty p e o f v e n t i l a t i o n

(5)

What i s

(6)

How i s

(7)

W hat i s th e

pressure

(8)

What

tem p eratu re

(9)

What i s t h e

(10)

the

the

siz e

on th e

steam h e a t e r ?

req u ired of

source

to h e a t

t h e home?-

th e room?

of

is

the

used?

steam ?

s te a m made?

i s the

of

superheat

Why a r e s t e a m p i p e s

the of

steam ? the

of the

in su lated ?

steam ?

steam ?

39 (.11)

Whafc i s

(12)

Why i s tiv e

(.13)

th e

p r o p e r room t e m p e r a t u r e ?

steam as

a source

effec­

i n h e a t i n g a room t h a n i s h o t w a t e r ?

Why s h o u l d h e a t e r s h e l e v e l as

(14)

o f h e a t m ore

Why i s

p la c e d a t as

lo w a

p o ssib le?

w a te r from

the h o t w a te r f a u c e t c o l d

at first? 2.

How t o

cool your hom e.

a.

How d o y o u t u r n

on th e

b .

What i s

air

co n d itio n in g ?

c.

W hat i s

the

o u tsid e

d.

How m uch c o o l i n g

e.

How s h o u l d v e n t i l a t i o n b e

f.

How m a n y w i n d o w s

g.

How d o e s w a t e r c o o l w h e n i t

h.

W hat l i q u i d s

are

air

co n d itio n in g u n it?

tem p eratu re?

is needed fo r

used to

sh o u ld be

used in

the

room? cool

the

room?

opened? ev ap o rates?

th e

a ir

co n d itio n in g

u n it? i.

How d o a i r

j.

How i s

co n d itio n in g

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS; tem p eratu re 1.

liq u id s

co o l?

th e h e a t t r a n s f e r r e d from th e

the a i r G.

co n d itio n in g

roomi n t o

liq u id ?

P ro jec ts

th a t w ill h elp

you i n

co n tro l.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

M ain tain

th e

school

room a t 7 0 ° P .

b.

P l a n a m ore e f f i c i e n t h e a t i n g

d u rin g th e year.

s y s t e m f o r y o u r home.

40 2.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

D iscuss

t h e economy o f u s i n g d i f f e r e n t

kin d s

of

stea m . b. D.

D iscuss

EVALUATION; 1.

th e

d i f f e r e n t m ethods

of r e fr ig e ra tio n .

Ways o f m a k i n g s u r e w h a t y o u h a v e

TRUE-FALSE:

P lace

an X in

th e

correct

learn ed *

space f o r

tru e

or fa ls e . a.

T F { )( )

L n h e a t i n g y o u r home y o u s h o u l d u s e a t a pressure

steam

of

135 p o u n d s

per square

is

th e b e s t kin d of h o u se­

in ch . b.

{ )( )

C arbon d io x id e

h o ld r e f r i g e r a n t. c.

(

)( )

It

is

m ore e f f e c t i v e

h eatin g 2.

BEST ANSWER: in a.

a room t h a n

P lace

in

steam .

the b e s t answ er

the p a r e n t h e s i s . (

)

The m o s t e c o n o m i c a l .ty p e o f f u e l i n S o u t h e r n

o il, (

)

(3) (

)

(3)

is;

(1) n a t u r a l

co al,

(4)

F o r low p r e s s u r e use;

c.

to u s e

th e number of

C alifo rn ia

b.

to use w a te r

(1)

is;

re frig e ra tio n ,

su lp h u r d io x id e ,

(1)

in

to

(2) f u e l

g aso lin e.

carbon d io x id e ,

The b e s t p l a c e

gas,

you sh o u ld

(2 ) am m onia,

(4) F r e o n .

lo cate

the b a se m e n t,

a con v ectio n h e a te r (2)

in

th e

a ttic ,

(3)

in

RATING SCALE:

P lace

the k i t c h e n ,

an X i n each

(4)

in

the

bedroom .

sp ace f o r w hich you

q u alify . a.

b.

H e a tin g y o u r home. (

)

C o st.

(

)

T em p eratu re.

( )

H e a tin g equipm ent.

( )

V en tilatio n .

C o o lin g y o u r home. (

)

M ethod o f c o o l i n g .

( )

C o st.

( )

V en tilatio n .

( )

T em p eratu re,

( )

Type o f r e f r i g e r a n t .

(

Power r e q u i r e m e n t s .

)

( )

S ize

(

E fficien cy

}

of equipm ent.

SHORT ANSWER;

of equipm ent.

D efine

and c o n c e p ts . a.

H eat.

b.

T em perature.

c . ; C alo rie. d.

B. T . U.

e.

C alo rim eter.

f.

F ah ren h eit.

or e x p la in

th e

fo llo w in g

term s

42

E.

g.

C en tig rad e.

h.

A b so lu te.

i.

S p ecific h e a t.

3•

L a te n t h e a t.

k.

Therm al c o n d u c t i v i t y .

1..

F reezin g p o in t,

m.

B o ilin g p o in t,

n.

C o nduction,

o.

C o n v ectio n ,

p.

R ad iatio n ,

q.

H um idity,

r.

S a tu ra tio n .

RESERVE BOOK SHE LFr 1.

B lack , Y ork,

2.

N ew ton H . ,

B u t l e r , A l f r e d M .,

G ustav L .,

B o s t o n , . M.

1935. U n ifie d p h y s ic s .

M cG raw -H ill,

1936.

Lynde, C a r le to n J . , , P h y sic s Y ork,

New

1946.

H ousehold P h y s ic s .

a n d Company,

F letch er,

a ssista n c e .

E lem en tary P r a c t ic a l P h y s ic s .

New Y o r k a n d L o n d o n , 4.

get a d d itio n al

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

Barrow s 3.

W here t o

of

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

the H o u s e h o ld . 1936.

New

BAND

44 CHAPTER 7 . PIPING HOW TO PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN YOUR WATER SUPPLY A.

REWARDS:

G a i n s w h i c h come f r o m k n o w i n g how

to m a i n t a i n

y o u r plum bing e q u ip m e n t. 1.

SMALLER WATER BELLS*

L eaking w a te r p ip e s

in crease

the w a te r b i l l . 2.

FEWER REPAIR B I L L S * tain ed fix

3.

If

plum bing i s

th e re w ill b e! few er th in g s

p ro p e rly m ain ­

w hich you c a n n o t

y o u rself.

FEWER WORRIES *

Leaks and f lo o d in g

co n d itio n s

cause

m en tal a g o n ie s. 4.

LESS WORK: if

B.

You w i l l h av e

less

w ork i n

p ro p e r m ain ten an ce p ro c e d u re s

DIRECTIO NS :

are

Ways o f k e e p i n g p l u m b i n g i n

the

long ru n

fo llo w e d . o p eratin g con-

di tio n . 1.

How t o m a i n t a i n w a t e r s u p p l y a.

p ip in g .

Do y o u h a v e a b l u e p r i n t o f w a t e r p i p i n g f o r y o u r home?

b.

How s h o u l d

a new i n s t a l l a t i o n

c.

How w o u l d y o u p r e s s u r e

d.

W hat i s

e.

How c a n p r e s s u r e

f.

How s h o u l d

g.

How s h o u l d

h.

W hich r e p a i r s

the p r e s s u r e

jo in ts jo in ts

in

drops

be checked?

te s t your

pip in g ?

your p ip in g ? in

p i p i n g be m in im iz e d ?

be se a le d ? be checked f o r le a k s?

s h o u l d y ou make a n d w h ic h ones

45 should, b e

left

for

th e

off

plum ber?

i.

How d o y o u s h u t

th e w a t e r s u p p l y t o y o u r home?

j .

How w o u l d y o u m a k e a t e m p o r a r y r e p a i r

on a l e a k ­

in g pipe?

2.

k.

How m ay f r e e z i n g

1.

How w o u l d y o u r e p l a c e

How t o

rep air

of pipes a

be p re v e n te d ?

le a k in g pipe?

leak in g fa u c e ts .

a.

W here

sh o u ld th e w a t e r s u p p ly be s h u t

b.

How w o u l d y o u d e t e r m i n e

c.

How s h o u l d

d.

Is

th e

packing in

e.

Is

the

valv e

f .

W hat p a r t s

of

g.

How s h o u l d

the

h.

How s h o u l d

th e f a u c e t be ch eck ed f o r

i.

What m a i n t e n a n c e p r o c e d u r e s w i l l

the ca u se

of

off? the

leak ?

th e f a u c e t v a lv e be rem oved? good c o n d itio n ?

and s e a t m aking good c o n t a c t ? the f a u c e t s h o u ld be

rep laced ?

f a u c e t be r e - a s s e m b le d ? leak s?

c u t down on

leak in g fa u c e ts ? 3.

How t o c a r e

for

a.

How s h o u l d

b.

"What c a u s e s

c.

How d o e s

to ilets. t h e b o w l be c l e a n e d ?

th e

w ater leak s

in

th e

le v e l ad ju stin g

to ilet?

flo a t in

th e w a te r

c l o s e t work? d.

Ts

the

e.

How may t h e w a t e r s u p p l y off?

disch arg e

valve

stic k in g ? to

the

t o i l e t be sh u t

46 f .

How w o u l d y o u I n c r e a s e w ater

4.

to your

th e

am ount o f

flu sh in g

to ilet?

How t o m a i n t a i n w a t e r d r a i n s . a.

What k i n d s

of s o lu tio n s

sh o u ld he u sed in

clean ­

ing d ra in s? h.

Is

it

p o ssib le

to c le a n

the

d r a i n by u s i n g p r e s ­

sure? c.

Why

does a d r a in

trap

ten d to

d.

How

sh o u ld a d r a in t r a p

e.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

co llect d irt?

be rem oved?

sh o u ld be

tak en a g a in s t

sewer

gasses ? ft

Is

th ere

g.

Xs t h e

h.

How

i.

What

a filte r

filte r

in

the

d rain

trap ?

clogged?

s h o u ld the

d rain

tr a p be

clean ed ?

s t e p s s h o u ld be f o ll o w e d i n

rep lacin g

the

trap ?

3. 5.

How s h o u l d t h e

How t o a.

tra p

be

tested fo r

leaks?

se le c t fix tu re s .

W hat s h o u ld b e

the

ty p e and q u a l i t y

of th e

fix ­

tures? b.

W hat a r e

the

uses

c.

Xs t h e

d.

W h a t a d v i c e may b e

e.

What i s

fix tu re

the

of the

easy to

cost

of

fix tu re ?

re p a ir or rep lace?

o b ta in e d from the

fix tu re?

the plum ber?

47 G.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS?

P erform ances In

plum bing m a in te n ­

ance . 1.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

R ep a ir a l l

b.

Check a l l

d efectiv e

plum bing i n

w ater lin e s

and plum bing f i x t u r e s

y o u r s c h o o l a n d ma ke n e c e s s a r y

2.

D.

in

rep airs.

m en tal a c t i v i t i e s . a.

Make

a

diagram

b.

Make

a

b lu ep rin t

EVALUATION: 1.

y o u r home.

Checks

TRUE-FALSE: tru e

of a

to ile t

f lu s h in g sy stem .

o f y o u r ho m e w a t e r s y s t e m .

on p lu m b in g m a i n t e n a n c e a n d r e p a i r s .

P lace

an X in

the

correct

a.

or fa ls e . T F ( )( )W a t e r p i p i n g s h o u l d b e

b.

(

c.

)(

(

)(

)

)

th in g

to ch eck

faucet

the p a c k i n g .

You s h o u l d u s e r e d

for

c h e c k e d once

The f i r s t is

space

y early .

ona l e a k i n g

lead fo r

sealin g

jo in ts. 2.

EEST ANSWER:

P lace

th e number of

th e b e s t answ er in

the p a r e n t h e s i s . a.

( )

For h o t w ater

lin e

g ask ets,

( 1) hard rubber w ash ers, k ets, b.

( )

(3) m e ta l w ashers

The g r e a t e s t to ; (4)

pressure

(1) leak s, sta tic

head.

you sh o u ld u s e :

(2 ) a s b e s to s (4) f a b r i c

lo ss

in

(2 ) f i t t i n g s ,

gas­

g ask ets.

a lin e

is

due

(3 ) f r i c t i o n ,

48 3.

RATING SCALE:

P lace

an X i n e a c h sp a c e for w hich

you q u a l i f y . a.

M ain ten an ce (

) Checks w a te r l i n e s

(

) Checks p lum bing f i x t u r e s .

(

) Checks f i t t i n g s .

(

) Checks d r a i n s .

(

) Checks v e n t s .

(

Time u s e d m a k i n g r e p a i r s .

)

concepts .

a.

D ensi t y . S p ecific

D efin e

d.

P a s c a l ’s law .

e .

P ressure.

the

d rain s.

fo llo w in g

term s

E nergy.

g•

B e r n o u l l i ’s

h.

F orce.

i.

F ric ti on.

j •

V elo city .

law .

RESERVE BOOK SHELF: 1.

or e x p la in

clean in g

g ra v ity

Pow er.

.

efficien tly .

p r o p e r m ethod f o r

c .

f

E.

Uses

and

.

leak s.

Makes r e p a i r

SHOOT ANSWER:

b

for

( )

( ) 4.

of Plum bing.

B lack,

N ew ton H . ,

W here t o

get ad d itio n al a s sis ta n c e .

E lem en tary P r a c t i c a l P h y s ic s ,

Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

New Y o r k ,

1946.

The

49 2.

Lynde, Y ork,

C arleto n John,

P h y sics

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

of

the H o u s e h o l d .

1936.

New

50 CHAPTER 8 . GETTING RID OF I T HOW TO DISPOSE OF WASTE MATERIALS A.

’REWARDS:

T hings

to be

g a i n e d b y k n o w i n g how

to g e t r i d

of your w a ste s. , 1.

FEEL S ITTE R : n o t have

2.

You w i l l f e e l m ore e n e r g e t i c

to b re a th e

LESS DIS EA SE;

to x ic

D isease

Is

if

y o u do

odors. q u ite

o fte n

c a r r i e d by

w aste m a t e r i a l s . 3.

B.

CLEANER APPEARING HOME;

L itte re d flo o rs

g iv e

look .

t h e home a s l o v e n l y

DIRECTIO NS: 1.

How t o a.

T hings dispose

t o do to

get rid

and corners

of w aste m a t e r i a l s .

of sew age.

What p r o v i s i o n i s

made b y

the c i t y

f o r d isp o sin g

o f sew age? b.

How i s

y o u r sewage

system

connected

to

the c i t y

system ? c.

How i s

sew age pumped?

d.

What t y p e

e.

How i s

f.

What i s

sew er g a sse s?

g.

How a r e

sew er g asses

h.

What i s

the

i.

How a r e

a e r a t i o n m ethods

of p i p i n g s h o u l d be u s e d i n

sewage

rem oval r e l a t e d

sew ers?

to h e a lth ?

k e p t o u t o f t h e home?

ch em ical c o n te n t of

the

sewage?

of d estro y in g

sewage

used? j.

How i s

filtra tio n

useful

in d isp o sin g

o f sewage?

51 k.

What i s

1.

What

m.

Why i s

sed im en tatio n ?

c h e m c i a l s m ay b e u s e d i n c h lo rin e

used in

the

d isp o sin g of

process

sewage?

of d isp o sin g

of sewage? n.

What h y p o c h l o r i t e s

0.

Does

p.

Why a r e

How t o a.

o x id ize

sew age?

oxygen d e s tr o y b a c t e r i a ?

get

sew er gasses rid

What a r e

poiso nous?

o f smoke a n d sm og.

the

city

o rd in a n ces

in re la tio n

to

smoke

a n d smog? b.

How c a n t h e c i t y

b e tter

co n tro l

the

smog s i t u a ­

tio n ? c.

What i s smoke?

d.

W h at i s smog?

e.

What i s a C o t t e r e l l p r e c i p i t a t o r ?

f.

How c a n y o u c l e a n t h e

g.

Is

h.

What a d d s

1.

What c o n c e n t r a t i o n s

a.

b.

y o u r home?

a smoke s c r e e n h e l p f u l ?

gerous How t o

a i r com ing i n t o

get

smog t o

th e a ir ? of

smoke a n d smog a r e

dan­

to h e a l t h ? rid

o f h o u seh o ld t r a s h .

W hat k in d of t r a s h obnoxious

odors?

What p a r t

of th e

o rd in an ces

can be burned w ith o u t causing

county i s

a g a in s t b u rn ih g

m ost l i k e l y trash ?

to have

52 c.

What f a c i l i t i e s

does

the

city

have f o r

garbage

rem oval? d.

Why i s

it

bad

t o m ix b r o k e n

g lass

w ith your

garbage?

C.

e.

How m u c h d o e s

f .

Who d o y o u c a l l

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS? l e a r n i n g w aste 1.

2.

cost

to have

t r a s h h a u l e d away?

to g e t y o u r g a r b a g e E x ercises

co llected ?

th a t w i l l a id you i n

d isp o sal.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Let stu d en ts

b.

In sta ll

take

care

o f w aste

a sewage s y ste m a t

th e

d isp o sal school

a t sch o o l.

camp.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

O u t l i n e ways i n garbage

D.

it

EVALUATION:

sh o u ld

Checks

w hich v a r io u s be d i s p o s e d

ty p es

of

tr a s h and

of.

o n how m u c h y o u h a v e

learned about

w aste d i s p o s a l . 1.

TRUE-FALSE: tru e a.

P lace an X in

the

correct

or f a ls e . T F ( ) ( } You s h o u l d d e p e n d on t h e

space f o r

city

to

remove

your garbage. b.

( )(

)

G arbage

d isp o sal is

c.

( )(

)

Sewage d i s p o s a l i s

a c ounty f u n c tio n . not a

p ro b lem i n

the

co u n ty . d.

( )(

)

You s h o u l d u s e a t r a p

to

te e p s e w e r g a s s e s

from e s c a p in g e.

(

}(

)

A vent is sewage

BEST ANSWER:

p aren th esis.

a.

(

)

it

in

the

(

)

do wn t h e

garden,

(4)

city

actio n ,

th e

an X i n

in

the

c o u n t y rem ove i t . (1)

an

(2 ) in d iv id u a l c iv ic

(3) by p o l i t i c a l in

by*

(2 ) b u ry in g ,

d rain ,

thro w in g i t

governm ent,

P lace

safely

c o n tro lle d byr

s-praying m o is tu r e RATING SCALE:

(3)

lettin g

Smog c a n b e s t b e a lert

on a

the b e s t an sw er i n

be d i s p o s e d o f

dum ping i t

stre e t, b.

th e number o f

G arbage can (1)

n o t alw ays n e c e s s a r y

lin e

P lace

the

i n t o y o u r home,

groups,

(4 ) by

th e a i r . each

sp ace f o r w hich you

q u alify . a.

D isp o sin g

o f w aste m a t e r i a l s .

(

Keeps

garbage

sa n ita ry .

(

Has

garbage

(

Has

tig h t

c c f

Keeps

Does n o t add to Obeys

city

(

Has a

civ ic

rem oved r e g u l a r l y .

lid s

trash in

on th e

garbage

cans.

one p l a c e . smog p r o b l e m .

o rd in a n ces. sense

of p rid e

on s a n i t a r y

p ro b le m s. SHORT ANSWER:

D efine

or ex p lain

the

f o llo w in g term s

54 and c o n c e p ts .

. h . c. d. e . f . a

E.

F iltratio n . A eratio n . S ed im en tati o n . Smog. S ulp hur d io x id e Co n c e n t r a t i o n .

S'

B urn in g .

h.

K in d lin g p o in t.

1.

In v ersio n .

KESEHVE GOOK L I S T : 1.

3.

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

A l f r e d M ., H o u s e h o ld P h y s i c s .

Barrows

a n d Company,

F letch er,

G ustav

Lynde, Y ork,

B oston,

M.

1935.

L . , U n i f i e d P h y s i c s , New Y o r k a n d

M cG raw -H ill, • •

4.

New

1946.

B u tler,

London,

n

get ad d itio n al a ssista n c e .

B l a c k , N ew ton H . , E l e m e n t a r y P r a c t i c a l P h y s i c s . Y ork,

2.

W here t o

C arleto n J . ,

1936. ■

P hysics

of

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

the H o u s e h o ld . 1936.

New

55 CHAPTER 9 . VITAMINS AND CALORIES HOW TO PRESERVE FOODS A.

REWARDS: foods 1.

T hings

TASTIER MEALS:

Y our m eals w i l l be b e t t e r i f

the i n ­

have been p ro p e rly p re s e rv e d .

VARIETY I N MENU: seasonal

3.

g a i n e d b y k n o w i n g how t o k e e p

ed ib le.

g red ien ts 2.

t o be

You w i l l n o t h a v e

to w ait fo r

v ariety .

ECONOMY:

You c a n s a v e b y n o t h a v i n g

to

throw s p o i l e d

fo o d away. 4.

SAVING ON REPAIR B I L L S : b ills

B.

if

DIRE CTION S: 1.

You w i l l h a v e f e w e r r e p a i r

y o u know how y o u r r e f r i g e r a t o r W ay s a n d m e a n s

How t o p r e s e r v e

foods

o p erates.

of p reserv in g fo o d s.

by r e f r i g e r a t i o n .

a.

W h a t f o o d s m ay b e p r e s e r v e d b y r e f r i g e r a t i o n ?

b.

What f o o d s th e

c.

s h o u ld be w rapped b e f o r e

p lacin g in

re frig e ra to r?

A t what te m p e ra tu re

sh o u ld

the

re frig e ra to r

be

m ain tain ed ? d.

W hat ty p e

of re frig e ra tio n

frig erato r e.

op erate

cy cle

does y o u r r e ­

on?

How d o e s y o u r r e f r i g e r a t i o n

u n it

remove h e a t fro m

th e box? f.

How d o e s

a th erm o stat

op erate?

g.

How o f t e n s h o u l d y o u r r e f r i g e r a t o r b e

clean ed ?

h.

How d o y o u d e f r o s t y o u r r e f r i g e r a t o r ?

i.

What I s

j.

At what h u m id ity

laten t

How t o p r e s e r v e

h eat? sh o u ld

the fo o d s be m a in t a i n e d ?

fo o d by canning*

a'.

What f o o d s

b.

How m a n y c o n t a i n e r s

c.

What

d.

How s h o u l d c o n t a i n e r s b e

e.

S hould caps

f H o w g.

are

type

t o be

canned? are

req u ired ?

of c o n tain ers

sh o u ld be

and lid s

be

ste riliz e d ? ste riliz e d ?

s h o u ld fo o d be p r e p a r e d f o r

What p r e c a u t i o n s

se le c te d ?

sh o u ld be

canning?

t a k e n when f i l l i n g

the

jars ? h.

How f u l l

I.

How s h o u l d

How t o

sh o u ld j a r be j a r be

fille d ?

fille d ?

dry f r u i t s .

a.

What f r u i t s

b.

What s i z e

are

to be

and shape

d ried ?

pieces

sh o u ld th e

f r u i t be

cut ? c.

How d o s m a l l v o l u m e p i e c e s r e c e i v e m ore h e a t f r o m

d.

How s h o u l d

e.

What h a p p e n s

f.

How s h o u l d f r u i t b e

g.

How s h o u l d

How t o p r e s e r v e

the f r u i t s

w ith la rg e su rfa c e s

the su n ? be d r i e d ?

when f r u i t

d ries?

checked

fo r m oisture

the f r u i t be packed? by u s i n g

sa lt.

co n ten t?

57 a.

W hat f o o d s may he p r e s e r v e d b y u s i n g

b.

How m u c h s a l t s h o u l d b e u s e d ?

c.

W hen w i l l

sa lte d

d.

What tim e

of year is

foods

sa lt?

sp o il?

p r e s e r v a t i o n by s a l t m ost

p ractical? e. C.

How d o e s

sa lt

preserve

ACTIVITY- ASSIGNMENTS: 1.

foods?

E xperim ents

in p reserv in g fo o d .

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Preserve

foods

i n y o u r hom e u s i n g

the v a rio u s

me t h o d s . b. 2.

Can f o o d s I n

th e

school

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make a n o u t l i n e

show ing w h ic h f o o d s m ig h t be

p r e s e r v e d by th e b. D.

various

E x p l a i n how a m e c h a n i c a l

EVALUATIONt 1.

cooking d e p a rtm e n t.

Checks

TRUE-FALSE:

m ethods . refrig e ra to r

on' p r e s e r v i n g

P lace

an X In

the

w orks.

food. correct

space

for

tru e

d efro st your re frig e ra to r

once

m ain tain your r e f r ig e r a to r

at

or f a ls e . a.

T P ( .)( )

You s h o u l d a m onth.

b.

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d 25°P.

c.

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d

lay f r u i t

on t r a y s

for

d ry in g .

BEST ANSWER:,

P lace

the

p aren th esis*

a.

(

)

the num ber of

The m o s t e f f i c i e n t (2)

freon,

(3)

the b e a t answ er i n

re frig e ra n t is

carbon d io x id e ,

(1) (4)

am m onia,

su lp h u r

di oxi d e . b*

(

) The h e a t a b s o r b e d when a l i q u i d e v a p o r a t e s is:

(1) la te n t h eat of fu sio n ,

heat

of

(4) RATING SCALE:

v ap o rizatio n ,

(3)

(2 ) l a t e n t

sen sib le h e a t,

co n v ectio n . P lace an X i n

each space

f o r w hich you

q u alify . a.

P re se rv in g Food. (

) Uses

(

) C onserves

space.

(

) C ond itio n

of fo o d .

(

) T em perature

(

) Uses p r o p e r te c h n iq u e s

C

)

(

) A b ility

used. of d ry in g .

Knows how t o r e f r i g e r a t e .

SHORT ANSWER: cep ts

p ro p e r m ethod.

and

to can f r u i t s .

D efin e

term s *

a.

C alo rie.

b.

B .T .U .

c .

La t e n t h e a t .

d.

T em p eratu re.

or ex p lain

the f o llo w in g con­

59

E.

©.

D rying r a t e .

f.

B o llin g p o in t.

RESERVE BOOK SH ELF : 1.

2.

W here

to g e t a d d i t i o n a l

C ald w ell,

O t i s W .,

S cien ce.

G inn a n d Company,

C arrier,

C herne

and C u r t i s ,

R ealto E .

M odern A i r C o n d i t i o n i n g ,

a ssista n c e .

F ran cis D .,

B oston,

Everyday

1946.

and G ra n t, W a lte r A ., H eatin g ,

and V e n t i l a t i o n .

P i t m a n P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y , New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

1941.

60

CHAPTER 1 0 . SAFETY HOW TO PREVENT AND EXTINGUISH F I R E S A.

REWARDS; 1.

A dvantages

SAVING OF PROPERTY: k n o w i n g how t o

2.

o f k n o w i n g how

put

SAVING OF L I F E :

Y o u may s a v e

SAVING OF TIM E: causes

4.

LESS WORRY: fire

B.

great

has

DIR ECTIONS: 1.

What

a p e rso n ’s l i f e

causesa g re a t

lo ss

If

done, T hings

you d o n 't have

oftim e and

you have

causes

one

t o do t o

t o w o r ry a b o u t damage

less

w orry.

p rev en t and e x tin g u is h

fire s

wood f i r e s .

woo d f i r e s ?

W h a t i s c ombus t i o n ?

(2)

W hat i s s p o n ta n e o u s are

com bustion?

b.

What

su b stan ces

c.

What

su b sta n c e s h in d e r co m bustion?

d.

What

effect

e.

How s h o u l d w a t e r b e

f .

W hat ty p e o f c l o t h i n g

g.

W hat i s

h.

by

in co n v en ien ce.

(1)

case

own home b y

out f i r e s .

F ire

How t o e x t i n g u i s h a.

save your

m a y

out f ir e s .

k n o w i n g how t o p u t 3.

You

to c o n t r o l f i r e s .

com bustible?

does w a te r have

th e f i r s t

ap p lied

on c o m b u s t i o n ? to f i r e s ?

sh o u ld be w orn, i f

th in g

th at

p o ssib le

s h o u ld be done i n

of f ir e ?

What i s

the

departm ent?

te le p h o n e number o f

the n e a r e s t

fire

62 i.

W hat

tech n iq u e

s h o u ld be em ployed i n

p u ttin g

out

the f i r e ? 2.

How t o e x t i n g u i s h e l e c t r i c a l f i r e s . a.

What

type

b.

How i s

c.

What

d.

Is

e.

What

of e l e c t r i c a l

power

type

to

equipm ent i s

th e p ie c e

of in s u la tio n

in v o lv ed ?

o f equipm ent

is

used

on t h e

turned

off?

equipm ent?

w ater a co n d u cto r of e l e c t r i c i t y ? damage i s

done

to

e le ctrical

equipm ent by

w ater? f.

What

k inds

ex tin g u ish g.

Is

h.

W hat i s

o f n o n - c o n d u c to rs m ig h t be u s e d

to

fire s?

a carbon d io x id e e x tin g u is h e r th e a c t i o n

av ailab le?

of carbon d io x id e

in

p u ttin g

out a f ir e ? i .

How i s

a carbon d io x id e

e x tin g u is h e r used?

j .

How I s

a carbon d io x id e

ex tin g u ish er f ille d ?

k.

W hat te c h n iq u e

s h o u ld be em ployed In p u t t i n g

out

the f i re ? 3.

How t o e x t i n g u i s h o i l a.

What k i n d o f

o il

b.

What s u b s t a n c e s

fire s. i s on f i r e ?

are necessary

to

s u s ta in an

fire ? c.

How c a n o x y g e n b e k e p t f r o m t h e

d.

What I s

e.

How c a n f o g

a fog no zzle? be m ad e?

fire ?

o il

63 f .

What I s

the

a c tio n o f fog i n

ex tin g u ish in g

a

fire ? g.

How s h o u l d f o g b e

h.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

ap p lied sho u ld

to a f ir e ?

be o b s e r v e d i n

app ly in g

fog? 1.

How i s f o a m m a d e ?

3.

What i s

k.

How s h o u l d f o a m b e

1.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

th e

actio n

o f foam I n e x t i n g u i s h i n g a p p lie d to th e

a fire ?

fire ?

sh o u ld be o b serv ed in a p p ly in g

fog?

4.

m.

W hat c a u s e s

n.

How s h o u l d

How t o a.

exp lo sio n s the

su p p ly

get a ssista n c e

W hat i s

the

in of

o il

fire s?

o il be shut

from t h e

city

fire

off? d ep artm en t.

telep h o n e number o f th e n e a r e s t f i r e

dep artm en t? b.

W here i s

th e n e a r e s t

c.

How s h o u l d a f i r e

be

telep h o n e? rep o rted in

o r d e r to

save

tim e? d.

How s h o u l d t h e

lo catio n

be d e s c r ib e d to 5.

How t o p r e v e n t f i r e s a.

What

Is

b.

What c o n d i t i o n s

and n a tu re

of th e

fire

the fire m e n ? c a u s e d by s p o n ta n e o u s

sp o n tan eo u s

com bustion..

com bustion?

are n e c e s s a ry f o r

sp o n tan eo u s

com bustion? c.

How d o o i l y

rags

o ften cau se

sp o n tan eo u s

com bustion?

d.

Is

it

p o ssib le

sp o n tan eo u s e.

f.

to b u r s t i n t o

flam e

due

com bustion? th e

p o ssib ility

of

taneous

com bustion i n a c o n fin e d c lo s e t?

W hat i s

the d a n g e r

of sp o n tan eo u s

spon­

c o m b u s tio n due

d u st?

How t o i n s t a l l ' a s p r i n k l e r

system .

a.

How d o e s

b.

S ho uld a s p r i n k l e r sy stem be put

a s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m work?

c.

How o f t e n

d.

Who s h o u l d

in sta ll

e.

How s h o u l d

th e

f. 7.

fuel

How w o u l d y o u m i n i m i z e

to f lo u r 6.

for

sh o u ld

Where s h o u l d

in

e v e r y room?

the s p r i n k l e r sy stem bet e s te d ? th e

s p r i n k l e r system ?

p ip e s be i n s t a l l e d ?

the p ip e s

be

in stalled ?

How t o f i r e p r o o f b u i l d i n g s . a.

What c a u s e s b u r n i n g ?

b.

How d o e s a f i r e - p r o o f p a i n t w o r k ?

c.

How w o u l d y o u c h o o s e a g o o d f i r e p r o o f m a t e r i a l ?

d.

What a r e

the

advantages

of u sin g

w hitew ash

on

c e r t a i n wooden s t r u c t u r e s ? e. f.

What a r e

th e

How s h o u l d

ad vantages

of u sin g a sb e sto s?

fire p ro o f m ateria ls

be i n s t a l l e d

or

ap p lied ? g.

8.

How m u c h f i r e p r o o f i n g

How t o a.

c u t d ow n o n f i r e s

What a r e

the d a n g e rs

is

it

econom ical to

due t o

carelessn ess.

of d o in g d ry c le a n in g

do?

in

a

to

s m a l l room? b.

What a r e

th e dangers

when u s i n g b e n z i n e

the

in

sto v e

p o lish es? c.

What a r e

dangers

t h e hom e a r o u n d C h r i s t m a s

tim e ? d.

How s h o u l d

e.

What a r e p acity

C.

ele c tric a l

the

dangers

1.

of exceeding th e

of an e l e c t r i c a l

f.

How s h o u l d

cig arette

g.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS: fire

w ire be I n s u l a t e d ? ca­

w ire?

b u tts

be

tak en

sh o u ld be ta k e n

M easures

rated

care

of?

around dry g rass

th at w ill

c u t down y o u r

hazards* ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make y o u r home l e s s

b.

P a rtic ip a te

prone

to f i r e s .

in h o ld in g a f i r e

p rev en tio n

week a t

sch o o l. c.

E x tin g u ish v ario u s

ty p es

of f ir e s

made a n d s u p e r ­

v is e d by th e i n s t r u c t o r . d.

On a c a m p i n g

trip ,

tak e

charge

o f the

fire

de­

p artm en t . 2.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

D iscuss

b.

L ist

fire

th e

school

hazards

th in g s

p rev alen t

in m ost hom es.

t h a t c a n be d o n e t o make

s a f e r from f i r e s .

your

66 D.

EVALUATION:

Sam ples

o f ways

of checking your a b i l i t y

to

p r e v e n t and, e x t i n g u i s h f i r e s * 1.

TRUE-FALSE; or

P lace an X In

c o r re c t space f o r

true

false, T

F Spontaneous

(

(

lack b.

the

(

){

)

com bustion i s

caused by a

of a ir .

A s p r i n k l e r sy stem

sh o u ld be

tested

once

y early . c.

(

)(

)

M agnesium i s

d.

(

)(

)

In

e.

( )(

)

p u ttin g

a

good i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l .

out

an e l e c t r i c a l

sh o u ld use

carbon d io x id e .

In p u ttin g

out an

o il fire

fire

you

you sh o u ld use

■foam. f .

(

)(

)

In

p u ttin g

out

make s u r e able BEST ANSWER: th e

p aren th esis,

a.

( )

th at

to cool

P lace

silic a ,

S pontaneous in ;

(4)

o f oxygen is- a v a i l ­

the b e s t answ er i n

of fire p ro o fin g (2 ) a s b e s t o s ,

g lass.

com bustion

( 1) o ily

fie ld s,

type

(1) b ric k s, (4)

you sh o u ld

the f i r e .

The m o s t e c o n o m i c a l

(3) ( )

p len ty

th e number o f

m a te ria l is ;

b.

a wood f i r e

rags,

an a i r

seldom t a k e s

(2 ) c lo s e ts ,

p lace

(3 ) dry

c o n d i t i o n e d room .

RATING SCALE:

P lace

an X in

each space

f o r w hich you

q u alify . a.

P rev en tin g f i r e s . (

)

Has no

fire s.

(

)

Is

ca re le ss.

(

)

not

Takes p r e c a u tio n s

a g a i n s t sp o n tan eo u s

com-

bus t i o n . (

)

Has

sp rin k ler

system s

in stalled

w here n e c ­

essary. (

)

Uses

(

)

C o st.

(

)

Ease

in su la tin g m a te ria ls.

of m ain ten an ce.

SHOHT ANSWER: and

con cep ts .

a *

H eat.

D efine

b

.

C om bu s t i o n .

c

.

S pontaneous

d.

K in d lin g

e .

Oxygen.

f

.

g. h i.

or ex p lain

com bustion

tem p eratu re.

Carbon d io x id e . H eat w aves.

. ■A s h S u ffo catio n .

the f o llo w in g

term s

68 E.

RBSE'HVE BOOK .SHELF; 1.

C rosby,

B u tler, tio n ,

get ad d itio n al

and. o t h e r s , H a n d b o o k o f F i r e

L akeview P r e s s , 2.

W here t o

F arm ington,

A l f r e d M .,

M ass.,

a ssista n c e .

P ro te c tio n .

1941.

H ousehold p h y s i c s .

B o s t o n , M. B a r r o w s a n d C o m p a n y ,

R evised E d i­ 1935.

69

PART I I . TRANSPORTATION HOW TO OPERATE AND MAINTAIN POWER VEHICLES I n t h i s m o d e r n w o r l d o f ours?, t h e r e I s a n e v e r I n ­ c r e a s in g im p o rtan ce b e in g p la c e d upon s a v in g tim e . T rans­ p o r t a t i o n I s p ro b a b ly th e m ost Im p o rta n t phase of t h i s pro b lem . Today th e o p e r a tio n of pow er v e h i c l e s i s o f c o n c e rn to e v e ry o n e . Do y o u h a v e any p r o b l e m c o n c e r n i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n o r m aintenance of your c a r , b o at or a ir p la n e ? P a rt I I of th is book w i l l g iv e you th e an sw ers to y o u r m o s t I m p o r ta n t p r o b ­ lem s. So s a v e tim e b y g e t t i n g s t a r t e d on th e p a g e s t h a t fo llo w .

70 CHAPTER.1 1 . ON THE HIGHWAY HOW TO DRIVE AND MAINTAIN YOUR AUTOMOBILE A.

REWARDS:

V alues

o b t a i n e d b y k n o w i n g how

to o p e r a te

and

m ain tain your au to m o b ile. 1.

CONVENIENCE: p lace

2.

easily

SAFETY:

3.

in g 4.

to

a t y o u r own c o n v e n i e n c e . to a v o id p e r s o n a l I n ju r y

your fam ily ,

You w i l l of

o th ers

tech n iq u es

and o th e rs

to

be a b l e and h e lp

u sin g

th e

same

t o a v o i d dam aging d em onstrate

proper d riv ­

You w i l l

save y o u rse lf

of rep lacem en t or r e s t o r a t i o n

comes n e c e s s a r y

the

o th ers.

LESS MAINTENANCE EXPENSE: the e x p e n se

5.

to go from p la c e

and h ig h w ay s.

ECONOMY: pro p erty

be a b l e

You w i l l b e a b l e

to y o u r s e lf , stre e ts

Yo u w i l l

th ro u g h n e g le c t

or m isu se.

PROTECTION:

Your s e l f - p r o t e c t i o n

in creased i f

your car

is

alw ays

th at be­

in

and s a f e ty

w ill

be

good ru n n in g con-

di tio n . B.

DIR E C TIO N S :

P roblem s

in v o lv ed in

d r iv in g and m a in ta in ­

in g y our au to m o b ile. 1.

How t o p u t y o u r s e l f b e h i n d

the w h e e l w i t h o u t any

h an d icap s. a.

What h a z a r d s

and r is k s

w ith any p h y s ic a l

are

i n v o l v e d when d r i v i n g

or m en tal handicap?

71 b.

What p e n a l t i e s

are

im p o sed by

law on t h o s e

d riv ­

in g w ith h an d icap s? c.

What

lim itatio n s

nervous,

do c e r t a i n

fatig u e ,

v isu al,

au d ito ry ,

drug and o th e r d is o rd e rs

p lace

on you as a d r i v e r ? 2.

How t o u s e

the

co n tro ls

p ro v id e d f o r you a t y o u r

p o s itio n beh in d

the w h e e l.

a.

What i s

ste e rin g

b.

What d i f f e r e n t

the

w ith the

o p eratio n s

ste e rin g

c.

How d o y o u m a k e

d.

How d o y o u p a r k a

e.

What a r e

W hat a r e and th e

g.

c a n be a c c o m p l i s h e d

w heel?

tu rn s? car? fo r each of

p ro v id e d f o r th e

to p ro v id e

the

d if­

car?

the p r o p e r m a n i p u l a t i o n clu tch

co n tro l

of your car?

t h e max im um s p e e d s

fe re n t gears f .

rad iu s

of

thosegears

sm ooth o p e r a t i o n

and

of your auto m obile?

W h at h a p p e n s w hen y o u p u s h down on t h e a c c e l e r a ­ to r?

h.

1W h at m a r g i n speeds

i.

of

co n tro l

over your au to m o b ile?

What p r e c a u t i o n s the

do you h av e a t v a r i o u s

are necessary

in c o n tro llin g

speed of your au to m o b ile?

j .

How d o y o u r b r a k e s

k.

What a r e

th e

w ork?

sto p p in g

d istan ces

req u ire d by your

72 autom obile a t 1.

v ario u s

What r e l a t i o n s h i p s

speeds?

e x i s t b e tw e e n a m oving c a r

a n d o t h e r m oving, a n d n o n -m o v in g o b j e c t s ? m.

What p o i n t s

sh o u ld you w a tc h w hile

d riv in g your

car? n.

W hat d i s t a n c e in te rv a ls

o.

of

does

How s h o u l d y o u p a s s

r.

the

What a r e

the

d istan ces

cars

p assin g

g oing a t v a rio u s

Why d o e s y o u r c a r l e a n

3.

to

when you a r e

ro u n d in g i t ?

What a r e

proper

the

What a r e

What

How t o

speeds

ty p es

ty p e

the

o th er

necessary

in

order

speeds? o u tsid e

of a

and f o u r

sig n s

and m ark in g s

la n e h ighw ays? the m ost dangerous?

your c a r.

a.

How o f t e n

b.

What a r e

sh o u ld your

c.

W hat k in d o f o i l

d.

How m u c h o i l

e.

How s h o u l d b e a r i n g s

th e p ro p e r

curve

f o r y o u r c a r when

tra ffic

o f highw ay i s

lu b ric a te

c a r and

of curves?

th e v a r io u s th ree

the

speeds?

on t h e h i g h w a y s

of your

tra ffic?

on tw o , t.

speed

app ro ach in g

m aking v a r io u s s.

o th er cars

one p lu s

to p ass q.

tr a v e l d u rin g v ario u s

tim e w h ile g o in g a t v a r io u s

and a llo w f o r

p.

your c a r

c a r be l u b r i c a t e d ?

lu b ric a tio n p o in ts?

sho u ld you u se?

sh o u ld you use be

in your car?

checked?

f .

W hat s h o u ld he

the

tem p eratu re

How t o m a i n t a i n y o u r c a r

of th e

o il?

en g in e.

a.

How s h o u l d y o u r e n g i n e b e

cooled?

b.

How d o e s y o u r

c.

How s h o u l d y o u r r a d i a t o r b e p r o t e c t e d

c o o l i n g s y s te m work? in

co ld

w eath er? d.

How i s f u e l

su p p lied

e.

How d o y o u r e g u l a t e

to y o u r en g in e ? the

flo w

of g a so lin e

to your

engine? f .

How i s

the c a r b u r e t o r a d j u s t e d f o r

g.

How o f t e n

sh o u ld you c le a n

source

speed?

filte rs?

How t o m a i n t a i n y o u r c a r ’ s e l e c t r i c a l th e

id lin g

o f power

system .

a.

What i s

to y o u r c a r ?

b.

How o f t e n

c.

What k i n d o f w a t e r s h o u l d b e u s e d i n y o u r b a t t e r y ?

d.

How i s

e.

What i s

f.

How i s

sh o u ld y o u r b a t t e r y be

the

spark s u p p lie d

the p u rp o s e the v o l t a g e

of

to the

recharged?

cy lin d ers?

the g e n e r a t o r ?

ou tp u t of

the

g en erato r

con­

tro lle d ? g.

How d o y o u r e p l a c e

blow n o u t f u s e s ?

h.

Why s h o u l d y o u i n s p e c t w i r e s

i.

How s h o u l d y o u c h e c k y o u r l i g h t s ?

How t o m a i n t a i n

th e

a.

W hat i s

ch assis?

b.

W hat a r e

the

car

the v a rio u s

for

good c o n n e c tio n s ?

ch assis.

p arts

o f the

ch assis?

c.

What p a r t s

of your

car a re

s u s p e n d e d on I t s

fram e? d.

Does

the

fram e

of your car p ro v id e

the

proper

b alan ce

and d i s t r i b u t i o n

e.

What i s

th e f u n c t i o n

of sp rin g s?

f.

What i s

the f u n c t io n

of shock a b s o rb e rs ?

g.

How s h o u l d y o u r w h e e l s b e m a i n t a i n e d ?

h.

How

o fte n sh o u ld

i«

How s h o u l d

tire s

How t o m a i n t a i n tem s a.

th e

of w eight?

brakes

be

checked?

be m ain tain ed ? s te e r in g and

tran sm issio n

sys­

of a car. What a r e

th e

p arts

to be

checked in

the

the

p arts

to be c h e c k e d i n a

stee rin g

system ? b.

What a r e

c .

W hat g e a r s

sh o u ld be

d.

How

sh o u ld

gears

e.

How

sh o u ld

th e

tran sm issio n ?

checked? be checked?

c l u t c h be a d j u s t e d so t h a t

it

n o t wear e x c e ssiv e ly ? f.

How i s

g.

What s h o u l d b e

h.

What i s

I.

a car

stee red ? th e

the p i t c h

Do b o t h w h e e l s

clearan ce i n

th e

gears?

o f a gear?

go a t

th e

same r a t e

o f s p e e d on

a turn?' j .

W hat k i n d o f l u b r i c a t i n g

k.

How s h o u l d

grease

grease

be a p p l i e d ?

sh o u ld be used?

w ill

75 C.

ACTI VITY ASSIGNMENTS: ance 1.

of

Checks

on o p e r a t i o n

a n d m a i n t e n *-

car.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

D rive

your

car and have your p a re n ts

ev alu ate

your d riv in g . b. 2.

O verhaul and s e rv ic e

y o u r own c a r .

activ ities.

m ental

a.

D iscuss

the

b.

P lan a to u r p o ssib le

le g a l asp ects

o f y o u r com m unity u s i n g

D iagram a c a r .

d.

Make a

tab le

your car a t L ist

f.

Make a

th e b e s t

ro u te .

c.

e.

of d riv in g .

th e

of sto p p in g d ifferen t

p o in ts

list

of a

d istan ces

r e q u i r e d by

speeds. good d r i v e r .

of su g g estio n s

f o r av o id in g

tro u b le

when o p e r a t i n g a c a r . g.

E num erate

the

safety

featu res

on a c a r a n d t h e i r

fu n c tio n s. h.

Make a g r a p h o f a c c i d e n t s day

t h a t m ost a c c id e n ts

show ing

occur,

the

tim e

of

in w hat age g roup,

l

i. D.

in what w eath er and

road c o n d itio n s .

D iscuss

speed

EVALUATION:

the

Ways

v ario u s

lim its.

of checking y o u r a b i l i t y

to

o p erate

m ain tain a c a r . 1.

TRUE-FALSE:

P lace

an X In th e

correct

space f o r

and

true

or f a ls e . T P ( ) C ) You s h o u l d n e v e r

a.

the b.

(

)(

)

(

)(

When d r i v i n g

}

m aking a

the a.

P lace

clu tch a t

all

sig n a l n in e ty

left

tim es.

feet

before

tu rn . th e number of t h e b e s t

answ er in

p aren th esis. (

)

T h e m a x im u m s p e e d y o u c a n d r i v e C alifo rn ia s e t by

is

law ,

(1)

(3)

b.

( )

(

You s h o u l d h a v e

)

55 m i l e s

60 m i l e s

s p e e d a t w hich i t

c.

o ff of

you s h o u ld keep y o u r

on t h e

You s h o u l d

BEST ANSWER:

your eyes

r o a d when d r i v i n g .

foot c.

take

is

the

safe

to

(4) any

d riv e .

o ilchanged

in your

car

500 m i l e s ,

(2)

every

(3)

once e v e ry y e a r ,

(4)

ev ery th o u san d m ile s

o u t from

down, RATING SCALE:

the

s i x m onths,

curb you sh o u ld

s i g n a l w i t h y o u r arm s t r a i g h t

(2 ) make no s i g n a l , (4)

q u alify ,

a.

D riv in g a c a r .

(3)

s i g n a l w i t h y o u r arm

an X in e a c h space

E f f ic ie n c y of h a n d lin g a A b ility

o u t,

s i g n a l w i t h y o u r arm u p .

P lace

you

( )

an hour,

(2) n o t

every

Whe n p u l l i n g

)

an h o u r,

in

(1)

(1)

(

your car

to s ta r t

a car.

car

f o r w hich

on th e h ig h w a y .

77

b.

)

P ark in g

tech n iq u e.

)

A b ility

to

sto p

)

A b ility

to

d riv e

)

Knows

)

Possesses

)

O bserves

)

Sm ooth d r i v i n g

a car. in

the C a l i f o r n i a V e h ic le C ode.

M ain tain in g a

a v alid safety

d r i v e r ’s

tech n iq u e,

car.

Checks

the b a t t e r y .

}

Checks

the

o il.

)

Checks

th e

w ater.

}

Keeps

)

Checks

)

Upkeep o f c h a s s i s .

)

Keeps

th e

car

the

D efin e

a.

C om bustion.

b.

C om pression.

c .

B.T.U.

d.

C ondenser.

e.

E xpansion.

f.

S p e c ific H eat,

g*

V ap o rizatio n ,

h.

Heat tr a n s f e r .

clean ed and p o lis h e d .

lig h ts.

tires

and c o n c e p ts .

licen se .

reg u la tio n s.

)

SHORT ANSWER:

tra ffic .

in

u sab le

co n d itio n .

or ex p lain th e

fo llo w in g

term s

E.

i.

T h ru st.

3.

T orque.

k.

Pow er.

1.

C h a r l e s ’ Law.

m.

B o y le ’s ^aw.

n.

H y d rau lics

o.

In d u ctio n ,

p.

F ric tio n ,

q.

G ear r a t i o .

RESERVE BOOK S H E L F : 1.

2.

g et a d d i t i o n a l a s s i s t a n c e .

W here t o

Do S i l v a ,

H a r r y R e g i n a l d , Why We h a v e A u t o m o b i l e A c ­

cid en ts .

J.

W iley & S o n s, I n c . ,

C rouse, W illiam H arry ,

B. G . ,

4.

F lah erty ,

H alsey,

H eitn er,

J.

P h ilad elp h ia,

H offm an, B ro s.,

8.

1939. the W heel. J .

P a.,

J o s e p h , E lem ents

In c .,

Hew Y o r k , H . Y . ,

1941.

D. Van

1943.

to S a f e ty .

H arper &

1939.

N orthw estern U n iv e rs ity I n v e s t i g a t i o n M anual.

and Con­

of A uto M e c h a n ic s .

P a u l G ra y , S e v e n Roads

B.

1937.

Hew Y o r k , H . Y . ,

Hew Y o r k , N . Y . ,

1942.

M cG raw -H ill

T r a f f ic A ccid en ts,

W iley & S o n s,

N o stra n d C o ., I n c . , 7.

H. Y .,

Y outh a t

M axw ell H i c o l l ,

ges t l o n . 6.

Hew Y o r k ,

John Joseph,

L ip p in c o tt C o ., 5.

Hew Y o r k , N . Y . ,

The G a s o lin e A u t o m o b i l e .

Book C o . , I n c . ,

1942.

A utom otive E l e c t r i c a l E q u ip m e n t.

M cG raw -H ill Book C o ., I n c . , 3.. E l l i o t ,

Hew Y o r k , N . Y * ,

T r a f f ic I n s t i t u t e ? A ccident

H . W. U . I n s t i t u t e ,

E v an sto n ,

1946

79 CHAPTER 1 2 . IN THE A I R HOW TO PLY AND MAINTAIN YOUR AIRPLANE A.

REWARDS:

R e a s o n s f o r k n o w i n g how t o f l y

and m ain tain

your a irp la n e . 1.

PERSONAL P R I D E : to f ly

2.

NO CRACK-UPS :■

DIR ECTIONS: tain in g 1.

are

in

bein g a b le

o fte n av o id ed . By k n o w i n g m a i n t e n a n c e p r o ­

you w i l l be a b le

GREATER E F F I C I E N C Y : o p erates

B.

p rid e

By k n o w i n g p r o p e r o p e r a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s ,

LESS OVERHAUL EXPENSE: cedures,

4.

tak e

y o u r own a i r p l a n e .

catastro p h es 3.

You w i l l

to sa v e m oney.

A p ro p erly m ain tain ed

plan e

b etter. P roblem s

and P r o je c ts

i n f l y i n g and m ain­

your a irp la n e .

How t o p r e p a r e f o r a.

Is

it

b.

What a r e

your f i r s t

necessary th e

to h ave

flig h t.

a p i l o t ’s c e r t i f i c a t e ?

req u irem en ts

fo r a p riv a te

p i l o t ’s

ce rtific a te ? c.

Is

a s tu d e n t’s lic e n se

d.

W hat e q u ip m e n t

e.

W hat I s

t h e m inimum a g e a t w h i c h y o u

p i l o t ’s

licen se?

is

f.

W h e r e may w e a t h e r

g.

W hat i s

necessary?

necessary fo r

the

flig h t? can g e t a

r e p o rts be o b ta in e d ?

the a n t i c i p a t e d

w eather?

h,

What o t h e r p r e p a r a t i o n s

i.

What p r i n c i p l e s

m u s t b e made f o r f l y i n g ?

of w eath er f o r e c a s tin g

sh o u ld

y o u know? 3.

Do y o u h a v e

How t o a.

a parach u te

get a p lan e

What a r e t h e plan e

in to

In to th e

a ir.

p rin c ip le s the

on b o a r d ?

in v o lv ed in g e t t i n g

a

air?

b.

How m u c h d o e s

th e p la n e w eigh?

c.

What i s

drag?

d.

W hat i s

th e f r i c t i o n

b etw een

the

tires

and

th e

ground? e.

W hat i s th e

f.

W hat i s th e p r e s s u r e

g.

p rin c ip le

when t a k i n g

off?

What i s

speed of

th e

of

lift?

above a n d below th e w ing

the

p ro p elle r?

h.

How may p r o p e l l e r s p e e d b e c o m p u t e d ?

I.

How m u c h p o w e r i s the

req u ired

p lan e o ff

g r ound?

j.

Why a r e w i n g s

k.

What I s t h e f u n c t i o n

1.

W hat i s g r a v i t y ? a force

shaped as

m.

How i s

n.

How m ay a l t i t u d e

o*

Why a r e

How t o

to g e t th e

of

th ey a re ? the

diagram o f

ta il?

lift

and g r a v ity

be g a in e d ?

some r u n w a y s

longer th an o th ers?

c o n tr o l your p lan e w h ile

in

the a i r .

v alu ab le

81 a.

What t r a i n i n g

on the

in g a irp la n e

co n tro l.

b.

What i s

the

cause

c.

How m ay r o l l s

d.

How d o e s

the

ground i s

of

be

h elp fu l in

learn ­

ro lls?

p rev en ted ?

stic k

c o n tro l g ain in g

or

lo sin g

of

a ltitu d e? e.

How i s

a p lan e

tu rned?

f .

How d o

airstream s

a f f e c t th e

co n tro llin g

of a

p lane? g. 4.

What i s

How t o m a k e

th e

fu n ctio n

a flig h t

in

of

the

rudder?

a p lan e.

a.

Have n e c e s s a r y

b.

A re th e c h a r t s

und ersto o d ?

c.

Has

been planned?

d.

How d o y o u p l o t y o u r a n t i c i p a t e d c o u r s e ?

e.

W hat la n d m a rk s

f.

How d o

the f l i g h t

ch arts

been o b tain ed f o r

sh o u ld be

you d e term in e

the f l i g h t s ?

n o t e d on the t r i p ?

the tru e h e a d in g of your

plane?

5.

g.

What n a v i g a t i o n m a n u a ls

h.

How

i.

How i s

j.

What e f f e c t s

do w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s

k.

What i s

to be

th e

1.

W hat i s

to

How t o

is

land

d rift

sh o u ld you have

d eterm in ed ?

your tru e

a ir

sp eed d eterm in ed ?

altitu d e

be y o u r c r u i s i n g

your plane

safely .

on

have?

the f l i g h t ?

speed?

on b o a r d ?

82 a.

What l a

th e w ind d i r e c t i o n ?

b.

A re

c.

How s h o u l d

d.

What f o r c e s

o th e r p lan es the

lan d in g ?

a p p ro a c h b e made?

w ill

be a c t i n g

on y o u r p l a n e

as you

make y o u r a p p r o a c h ? e.

How s h o u l d y o u r e d u c e

speed as

y o u make t h e a p ­

proach? f .

How s h o u l d y o u g l i d e

g.

W hat

facto rs

of

to th e

safety

d e s ire d sp o t?

sh o u ld be

observed w h ile

com ing i n ? h.

W hen s h o u l d y o u l e v e l

off?

i.

How m ay r u d d e r b e u s e d t o

offset

u n e v e n w ing

lev els? J. 6.

How s h o u l d

How t o

the p l a n e be

sto p p ed ?

in sp e c t and m ain tain your en g in e.

a.

W hat i s

b.

How w o u l d y o u c a l c u l a t e engine

horsepow er of your en gine?

a t a g iv en

th e h o rsep o w er of your

speed?

c.

How i s y o u r e n g i n e

lu b rica te d ?

d.

How i s

e.

How s h o u l d s p a r k p l u g s b e

f.

A re t h e r e

g.

A^e a l l

h.

How i s

i.

A re a l l v a l v e s

y o u r en gine

cooled?

any lo o se

fuel

and o i l

checked?

e le c tric a l lin es in

co n n ectio n s?

good

co n d itio n ?

tu n in g of an engine c o n tr o lle d ? in

good c o n d itio n ?

83 j .

How o f t e n

k.

A re

1.

What i s

th e p u rp o se

m.

A re a l l

filte rs

n.

Is

th e

sh o u ld h e a rin g s

be checked?

gears b ein g p ro p e rly

lu b rica te d ?

of f ilte r s ?

and s t r a i n e r s

th e r a d i a t o r g iv in g

th e

clean ?

d e s i r e d amount of

cooling? 0.

How may y o u r o p e r a t i n g to

7.

the

d ata

sh eets

g iv e

clu es

as

surface

of

c o n d itio n of y o u r en gine?

How t o m a i n t a i n y o u r w i n g s a n d f u s e l a g e . a.

What k i n d o f m a t e r i a l fo rm s

the

o u ter

y o u r w ings an d f u s e l a g e ? b.

How s h o u l d y o u i n s p e c t f o r h o l e s

c.

How s h o u l d h o l e s

d.

How s h o u l d w i n g f i t t i n g

e.

What i s

f.

W hich p a r t est

g.

the

and

tears

co n d itio n of

be re p a ire d ?

be c h e c k e d f o r

of

th e p la n e

and te a r s ?

the is

lo o sen ess?

cab le f i t t i n g s ?

su b je c te d

to

the

g reat­

stre sse s?

How s h o u l d a i l e r o u s

fittin g

be i n s p e c t e d and r e ­

p aired ?

8.

h.

What p a r t s

1.

A re any p a r t s

j.

What i s

How t o

the

are

in need of lu b ric a tio n ? of

th e

plane d is to r te d ?

co n d itio n

of your w in d sh ield ?

te e p your lan d in g g ear in in flated

to

o p eratin g

a.

A re th e

tires

b.

A re th e

w heels p r o p e r ly a lig n e d ?

co n d itio n .

the p ro p e r p re s s u re ?

c.

9.

How s h o u l d

the

ta il

s u s p e n s i o n he a d j u s t e d ?

d.

.How s h o u l d t i r e s

e.

How s h o u l d b r a k e s b e

f.

A re

g.

How d o e s

h.

A re

i.

Has a m a in te n a n c e

th e

be ch e c k e d w ear and o th e r in sp ec te d ?

shock ab so rb ers a h y d ra u lic

th e w heels

w orking e f f e c t i v e l y ?

s h o c k a b s o r b e r work?

in s a tis fa c to ry sch ed u le

How t o m a i n t a i n y o u r c o n t r o l s

co n d itio n ?

been fo llo w e d ? and in s tru m e n ts .

a.

How s h o u l d a c o m p a s s b e c a l i b r a t e d ?

b.

Is

c.

How d o e s

y o u r com pass the

damage

in n eed o f any a d ju s tm e n t?

p l a n e ’s m agnetism a f f e c t

the

com­

pass? d.

How s h o u l d g a u g e s b e

e.

How c a n y o u d e t e r m i n e

checked? w hether o r n o t a

gauge i s

stic k in g ?

C.

f .

How m a y a n a l t i m e t e r b e c a l i b r a t e d ?

g.

Is

h.

A re an y c o n t r o l

i.

W hat a r e

th e a ltim e te r In need

th e

lin k ag es

ty p es

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

o f any a d ju s tm e n t? in

need of re p a ir? ■

of gauges

P ro jec ts

in

used In an a irp la n e ?

fly in g

and m a in ta in in g

a p lan e. 1.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make a c o m p l e t e i n s p e c t i o n the

su p erv isio n

of an

airp la n e

of your i n s t r u c t o r .

under

85 b.

Take

your in s tr u c to r

end plane 2.

to a nearby

city

on a w eek­

trip .

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S * a.

Make

a check

airp la n e b.

M ake

a

Make

of ro u tin e s

to be f o llo w e d i n

in sp e c tio n .

list

in g e ttin g c.

list

of the p h y s ic a l p r in c ip le s a p lan e

a list

of a l l

in to

the

inv olv ed

air.

co n tro ls

and g iv e

th e

fu n ctio n

of each. P.

EVALUATION:

Ways

of d e te rm in in g what you s t i l l

have

to

learn . 1.

TRUE-FALSE: or f a ls e . T F a . ( )( )

P lace

The

an X i n

the

c o rre c t space f o r

m ain p r i n c i p l e in v o lv e d i n

a p lan e in to

th e a i r

is

th e

tru e

g ettin g p rin c ip le

of

force. b.

(

)(

)

G rav ity aid s

c.

(

)C

)

You of

d.

(

)(

)

sh o u ld c o n tr o l the

You

a plane

in

g ain in g a l t i t u d e .

your a l t i t u d e by use

stic k .

sh o u ld I n s p e c t

y o u r w ings

once a

m onth. e.

(

)(

)

You s h o u l d know y o u r p o s i t i o n a t a l l w h ile

2.

BEST ANSWER;

in

P lace

the

tim es

air.

th e number o f

the b e s t

answer In

th e p a r e n th e s is * a.

(

) Your p la n e i s Cl)

lift

g reater lift, b«

(

)

is

A ltitu d e

is

in to

(3)

(4)

) The b r i n g i n g

drag is

equals

(4)

force. P lace

lift

g reater

o f w ind

b.

A b ility

to f l y

(2)

to a s to p

a fter

p rin c ip le

of*

the

pressure,

) Knows f l y i n g

(

)

(

)

an X in

e a c h sp ace f o r w hich

re g u la tio n s.

M ake p r e p a r a t i o n s O bserves

safety

for fly in g .

p recau tio n s.

(

) A b ility

to g et plane

(

) A b ility

to f l y

(

) A b ility

to land a p la n e .

( )

Knows h o w

( )

U nderstands

In sp ectio n (

a

off

ground.

course.

to n a v i g a t e . p rin c ip le s

of a p lan e.

) Checks f o r

(3)

(3) f r i c t i o n ,

a p lan e.

(

than

cur­

(2) w in g s,

you q u a li f y . a.

is

rudder,

lan d in g i l l u s t r a t e s g ra v ity ,

when

g rav ity .

fu selag e,

of a plane

(1)

air

(2)

gain ed hy a c tio n

on t h e j ( l )

T&TING SCALE:

th e

to d r a g ,

th an d ra g ,

ailero n s, (

equal

(4) f r i c t i o n

ren ts

c.

lifte d

loose w ire s .

of f ly in g .

a

87

4.

(

)

Checks

spark p lu g s.

(

)

Check I g n i t i o n

(

)

Checks

lu b rica tio n

(

)

Checks

co o lin g

(

)

C leans

stra in e rs.

sy stem .

sy stem .

( )

T ig h ten s

loosened n u ts .

(

)

In sp ects

p ro p e lle rs.

{ )

In sp ects

lan d in g g e a r.

( )

In sp ects

In stru m e n ts.

(

)

Checks w in g s .

(

)

Cheeks

SHORT ANSWEB:

fu selag e. D efine

or e x p la in

and c o n c e p ts .

. b . c.

D rag.

d.

L a te ra l p ressu re.

e .

P a s c a l ’ s Law.

a

f

.

F orce. P u ll.

B e r n o u l l i ’s p r i n c i p l e

g.

L ift.

h.

T h ru st.

.

T orque.

i

system .

0•

G ravi t y .

k.

V eloci t y •

1.

A cceleratio n

the f o llo w in g

term s

88 m.

Mass .

. o.

M omentum.

P*

V ecto r.

P*

C om ponent.

n

r E.

.

M om en t

Load f a c t o r

RESERVE BOOK SHELF? 1.

K nerr,

Hugh J . ,

W here t o

get ad d itio n al a s s is ta n c e .

The S t u d e n t P i l o t s

D . Van N o s t r a n d C om pany, I n c . , 2.

S h ield s, H ill

B e rt A .,

P rin cip les

B o o k C o m p a n y , New Y o r k ,

T rain in g P rim e r*

New Y o r k ,

of F l i g h t . 1942.

1941. Me G r a w -

89

CHAPTER 1 3 . ON THE SEA HOW TO P IL O T AND MAINTAIN A BOAT A.

REWARDS:

G ains

w h i c h co me f r o m

l e a r n i n g how t o p i l o t

and m a in ta in a b o a t. 1.

MORE ENJOYMENT? erate

your

It

a p leasu re

2.

BETTER HEALTH?

3.

BETTER SOCIAL A C T I V I T I E S :

4.

B oatin g i s

boat w ill re s u lt S k ills

a h ealth y It

k now h o w t o

op­

In

sp o rt.

w ill be p o s s ib le

a good tim e

ECONOMY OP OPERATION:

DIRECTIONS?

to

own b o a t .

show y o u r f r i e n d s

B.

is

to

to o .

K n o w i n g how t o r e p a i r y o u r

a sav in g

own

o f money.

to be a t t a i n e d

in

the a r t

o f seam an­

sh ip . 1.

How t o

p ilo t a b o at.

a.

How w o u l d y o u t u r n

b.

What c a u s e s

c.

How d o e s

th e b o a t* s ta r b o a r d

a b o at to

or p o rt?

tu rn ?

th e w a te r from

the p r o p e l l e r b u t

current

the

the

rudder? d.

How d o e s .tics

affect

tu rn in g

c h a ra c te ris-

of a b o at?

e.

How d o b o a t s

f.

What l i g h t s

g.

W hat a r e

h.

S h o u l d s m a l l b o a t s .keep c l e a r

i .

How s h o u l d b e a r i n g s

th e

back? sh o u ld your b o a t have? in te rn a tio n a l

be

d istress

tak en ?

of

sig n als?

sh ip s?

91 3* 2.

How I s

How t o

a fix

p l o t t e d from o b jects

ashore?

use a com pass.

a.

W hat I s

th e

b.

W here d o e s

c.

What a r e

p rin c ip le

of a m a g n e tic com pass?

a m a g n e tic com pass

the

p o ssib le

errors

p o in t? I n a m a g n e t i c com­

pass? d.

W hat i s th e

d ev iatio n

o f th e com pass?

e.

W hat I s th e

v a ria tio n

of th e

compass i n

the

lo cal

area?

3.

f.

How s h o u l d v a r i a t i o n

g.

How s h o u l d a c o m p a s s b e

h.

How i s

your

1.

How may b e a r i n g s

be c o r r e c t e d ? checked?

tru e h e a d in g d eterm in e d ?

How t o n a v i g a t e - a

be r e a d

from a com pass?

boat or sh ip .

a.

What i s

a fix ?

b.

How o f t e n

c.

How may a f i x b e

d.

W hat i s

e.

W hat a r e

sh o u ld a f i x be

tak en ?

ta k e n from sh o re

o b jects?

a ru n n in g f ix ? th e f i r s t m agnitude

sta rs

w h i c h may b e

used fo r n av ig atio n ? f .

Do y o u h a v e

a n a u t i c a l alm anac?

g.

W hat i s

h.

How s h o u l d a s e x t a n t b e u s e d

i.

What a r e

th e p r i n c i p l e

of a s e x ta n t? to

th e ways o f c o m p u tin g a

from a s t a r

sig h t?

tak e lin e

a sta r

sig h t?

of p o s itio n

92 j .

How i m p o r t a n t i s

correct

tim e when t a k i n g a s t a r

sig h t? k.

How s h o u l d

lin es

of p o sitio n

be p l o t t e d

on a

ch art? 1. 4.

5.

W hat i s

How t o

the

speed of your boat?

prepare f o r a b o at

trip .

a.

Xs g o o d w e a t h e r a n t i c i p a t e d ?

b.

W h a t do c u m u l u s

clouds

in d icate?

c.

W hat do s t r a t u s

clouds

in d icate?

d.

W hat p r o v is io n s

s h o u ld be

e.

What t y p e

f .

How

g.

How s h o u l d s a i l s

h.

How

sh o u ld a m otor be checked?

i.

A re

th ere

j .

Do y o u h a v e a n a m p l e f u e l s u p p l y ?

k.

Have r i g g i n g

lin es

1.

What ty p e

life

How t o

of c lo th in g

tak en ?

s h o u l d be worn?

much n a v i g a t i o n a l e q u i p m e n t s h o u l d b e

take

oars

of

care

kin d

taken?

be ch eck ed ?

in

the b o a t?

been checked? jack ets

do you have?

of a b o at.

a.

What

o f a b o a t do y o u h a v e ?

b.

How o f t e n

c.

How s h o u l d s c r a p i n g b e

d.

What k i n d

e .

How s h o u l d p a i n t b e a p p l i e d ?

f .

S h o u ld th e b o a t be k e p t

s h o u l d a b o a t be d r y d o c k e d ?

of p a in t

done?

s h o u ld be u sed ?

out

of w ater v ery

long?

g.

ITs a n y c a u l k i n g n e c e s s a r y ?

h.

A re t h e r e

i.

Are any s a i l s

j.

How s h o u l d f u e l

k.

S h o u ld a m echanic he

any le a k s

in

th e "boat?

I n n e e d of m ending? and o i l he

checked?

co n su lted fo r

any e n g in e

rep airs ?

C.

1.

What ty p e

o f engine

m.

How s h o u l d a d i e s e l

n.

How s h o u l d a g a s o l i n e e n g i n e b e

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS;

does

th e

b o at have?

engine be r e p a ir e d ?

P erfo rm in g

rep aired ?

th e a c t s

of good s e a ­

m anship . 1.

2.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

M ak e a

short

trip

In a boat

b.

M ain tain your fam ily b o a t.

to a n earb y c i t y .

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make p l a n s

b.

O u tlin e

for a boat

procedures

trip

to be

on a n e a r b y

fo llo w ed in

lak e.

tak in g a

b earin g . c. P.

E x p lain

EVALUATION: 1.

Checks

TRUE-FALSE: true a.

to

the c l a s s

how a b o a t

sh o u ld be p i l o t e d .

on y o u r s a l t i n e s s .

P lace

an X in

the

correct

space f o r

or fa ls e . T F ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d n e v e r k e e p a b o a t o u t for

lo n g e r th an a m onth.

of w ater

T

b .

F

c )(

)

It

is

n o t necessary

fo r a short c.

(

){

)

to h a v e

life

jack ets

engine f o r

rep airs

trip .

You s h o u l d c h e c k y o u r e v ery week.

BEST ANSWER; in a.

P lace

b e s t ansmrer

th e p a r e n th e s is . (

)

A sa ilin g lig h t, (4)

b.

the nu m b er o f t h e

(

)

If

(2)

four

(3)

th ree

C l)

one

lig h ts,

lig h ts. t r a v e l i n g n o r t h a t ar a t e

and

a rate

the

cu rren t is

of 3 m .p .h .,

(1)

5 m .p .h .,

(4)

6 m .p .h .

RATING SCAI2E:

sh o u ld c a r ry :

tw o l i g h t s ,

you a re

m .p .h . at

vessel

P lace

c a rry in g you e a st

your tru e

(2) 2 m .p . h .,

an X i n

of 4

(3)

speed is : 7 m .p .h .,

each space f o r

w hich

you q u a l i f y , a.

Boat p i l o t i n g . {

) Knows i n t e r n a t i o n a l r u l e s .

(

) Knows i n l a n d r u l e s •

(

)

Knows how

to u s e a co m p ass.

(

) A b ility

to h a n d le b o a t .

(

) A b ility

to l a n d a t

(

) A b ility

to n a v ig a te .

(

) P ro p e r use

(

)

A b ility

a dock o r a p i e r .

of l i n e s .

t o make m i n o r r e p a i r s .

95

4.

SHORT ANSWER: and a

.

b. c

.

fo llo w in g

term s

C u rren t. V ecto r. D rift. S et.

e .

F ix .

.

or e x p la in th e

co n cep ts.

d.

f

D efin e

R unning f i x . R udder.

E.

h.

Screw .

i .

M agnetism .

3* •

C ompa s s .

k.

V ariatio n .

1.

D ev iatio n

m.

True h e a d in g .

n.

In te rn a tio n a l

*

ru les

RESERVE BOOK SHELF :

W here t o

1*

N a v ig a tio n and N a u tic a l A stronom y.

D utton,

Geo. H .,

U. S . N a v a l I n s t i t u t e , 2.

U.S.

get

ad d itio n al

A n n ap o lis,

M d.,

a ssista n c e .

1941.

B ureau q f M arine I n s p e c t i o n and N a v ig a tio n ,

M o to rb o ats P rin tin g

and C erta in V e s s e ls .

U. S .

o f f i c e , W a s h in g to n , D. C .,

G overnm ent

1941

96

PART I i r . SPORTS AMD RECREATION HOW TO ENJOY YOUR HOURS OP EEISUHE L i f e w i t h o u t a' f e w h o u r s o f l e i s u r e a n d r e c r e a t i o n i s a v e r y em pty e x i s t e n c e . You d e s e r v e a n d s h o u l d o b t a i n t h e m a x im u m b e n e f i t s f r o m y o u r l e i s u r e . Check o v e r th e t i p s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s o n t la e p a g e s w h i c h f o l l o w a n d s e e I f t h e r e a r e any ways o f e n j o y a b l y s p e n d in g y o u r l e i s u r e w h ic h y o u h a v e n ' t en joyed to the f u l l e s t .

97 CHAPTER 1 4 . PHOTOGRAPHY HOW TO TAKE AND PRINT YOUR SNAPSHOTS A.

.REWARDS: ph ic

G ains

th at w ill

resu lt

from l e a r n i n g p h o to g ra ­

sk ills.

1.

BETTER PrCTU RE S: reproduce

2.

You - w i ll be m o re a b l e

c l e a r e r a n d m ore

MORE ENJOYMENT:

You w i l l

life

lik e

to

take and

p ic tu re s.

e n j o y m a k i n g y o u r own

p rin ts. 3.

ECONOMICAL P R I N T S :

It

w ill

c o s t you le s s

if

you

m a k e y o u r own p i c t u r e s . B.

DIRE CTION S: 1.

How t o a

.

b. c

.

d. e

.

P o in ters tak e

What i s

on t a k i n g a n d d e v e l o p i n g p i c t u r e s .

p ictu re s the

w ith a box cam era.

p rin c ip le

o f a box cam era?

How w o u l d y o u m a k e a b o x c a m e r a ? What s i z e How d o e s

p in h o le lig h t

How w o u l d y o u

sh o u ld be p la c e d In

t r a v e l from

the

su b jec t

th e to

cam era? t h e f i lm ?

take a c lo s e u p p i c t u r e ?

f .

How c a n s h a d o w s b e p r e v e n t e d ?

S«

W hat p r i n c i p l e s

are

in v o lv ed in

ch o o sin g a p ro p e r

exposure? h. 2.

How s h o u l d

How t o a.

the cam era be h e ld ?

take p ic tu re s

W hat p r o c e d u r e s

u sin g are

the

alien s

cam era.

same a s t h o s e i n v o l v e d i n

u s in g a box cam era? b.

What f a c t o r s

d eterm in e

the

lens

settin g ?

98 c.

How w o u l d y o u d e t e r m i n e

d.

What m i g h t h e

e.

How m a y t i m e e x p o s u r e s

f .

How s h o u l d s h u t t e r

g.

What i s

h.

How w o u l d y o u s e t tra it

i. 3.

lig h t

in te n sity ?

c o n s id e re d norm al he

len s

se ttin g ?

tak en ?

speed he a d ju s te d ?

norm al s h u tte r th e

speed? ' sh u tte r

speed f o r

a por­

p ictu re ?

How s h o u l d y o u s u p p o r t

the

cam era?

How t o d e v e l o p y o u r p i c t u r e s . a.

W hat ty p e

of

room s h o u l d h e

s e le c te d f o r d ev elo p ­

lig h t is

in ju rio u s

ing? h.

What k i n d o f

least

c.

How m a n y t r a y s

d.

What k i n d

e.

How m a y d e v e l o p e r b e m a d e ?

f.

What I s

g.

W hat s h o u l d he

h.

How s h o u l d , f i l m h e r e m o v e d f r o m

i.

How l o n g

sh o u ld th e

j .

How l o n g

sh o u ld f ilm

to

film ?

a re needed f o r d ev elo p in g ?

of d e v e lo p e r sh o u ld b e-u sed ?

the

chem ical n a tu r e the

of

the d e v e lo p e r ?

co n cen tratio n

of th e

f ilm he p a sse d he p a s se d

the d e v e l o p e r ? cam era?

th ro u g h

th ro u g h

the

w ater? de­

velo p er? k.

How s h o u l d t h e

film

1.

How s h o u l d a f i x i n g

h a t h be made?

m.

How l o n g

f i l m be l e f t

n.

W hat d o es

sh o u ld th e th e

fix e r

he r i n s e d ?

do?

in

th e

fix e r?

99 0-.

F o r how l o n g s h o u l d

the

film he w ashed a f t e r

fix ­

in g ? p. 4.

How s h o u l d f i l m

How t o a.

he d rie d ?

p rin t p ictu res

W hat k i n d

of

from a f i l m .

room s h o u l d h e u s e d a s

a p rin tin g

room? h.

W hat k i n d

c.

W hat c h e m ic a l a c t i o n is

of p rin tin g

exposed

to

C.

How m a y a p r i n t i n g

e.

How s h o u l d

when th e

paper

f ra m e he made?

the f i l m

and p r in t

paper he p laced in

fram e?

f .

How l o n g

g.

How s h o u l d

h.

F o r how l o n g

1-.

How s h o u l d t h e p r i n t

sh o u ld th e

the p r i n t p a p e r he

exposed?

p r i n t he d ev eloped?

sh o u ld

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS; *

takes p la c e

used?

lig h t?

d.

the p r in t in g

paper sh o u ld he

the p r i n t he w ashed? he d r i e d ?

Checks

on y o u r

ab ility

as

a p hoto-

i

grapher. 1.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Take a p i c t u r e

of your sch o o l,

d evelop i t

and

make p r i n t s . h.

D evelop and p r i n t p i c t u r e s and have

c.

the

class

S e t up a d e v e l o p i n g

th a t you have

c ritic iz e

them .

and p r i n t i n g

shop.

taken

100 2.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a . , Make a l i s t for b.

of a ll

of th e th in g s

d e v e lo p in g and p r i n t i n g

D i s c u s s how l i g h t a f f e c t s

you w ould n e e d

p ictu re s.

the

v ario u s

asp ects

of p h otography. D.

EVALUATION? p les 1.

C h eck s.o n your u n d e rs ta n d in g

of

the p r i n c i ­

of p h o to g rap h y . TRUE-FALSE: tru e a.

or

P lace

an X i n

th e

c o rre c t space fo r

false.

T F ( )( )

A red

lig h t is

p erm issa b le

in a d ev elo p ­

in g room . b.

(

)( )

P rin ts

sh o u ld be

exposed f o r

a b o u t one

m in u te. c.

d.

(

(

)( )

)( )

The

sh u tte r

o p en in g s h o u ld be i n c r e a s e d

for

tak in g

a p ictu re

You

sh o u ld

use

of a b rig h t

sodium

su b je c t.

th io su lfa te

in

m aking d e v e l o p e r . e.

(

)( )

The

b e s t m ethod of d e te r m in in g e x p o s u re

tim e i s 2.

BEST ANSWER:

P lace

to u s e

a m eter.

th e number of

the

best answ er in

the p a r e n th e s is . a.

( )

The e m u l s i o n on a f i l m

co n tain s:

n i t r a t e , (2)

silv e r

n itrate,

sodium c h l o r i d e .

(4)

ch lo rid e ,

(3)

(1)

sodium

silv e r

101 b.

( )

The s i z e

of th e

t r o l l e d by? (3) 3.

len s,

RATING SCALE:

(1)

o p e n i n g o f a c a m e r a I s con­ sh u tte r,

(4) f o c a l

P lace

(2)

diaphragm ,

len g th .

an X In each space f o r

w hich you

q u alify . a.

4.

M aking g o o d p i c t u r e s . (

) H olds

cam era p r o p e r l y .

(

)

Chooses

(

)

Uses p r o p e r diaphragm s e t t i n g .

p ro p e r exposure

C )

S elects

(

)

D evelops n e g a tiv e s

(

}

T echnique

(

)

Produces

SHORT ANSWER:

tim e.

good d e v e l o p e r . p ro p erly .

of d ev elo p in g . good p r i n t s .

D efin e

or e x p la in

the

fo llo w in g

and co n cep ts . a

.

b . c

.

Concave. Convex. D ev elo p er.

d.

Lens

e .

F ix er

f

.

C onverge. P h o to -se n sitiv e .

h.

L ig h t i n t e n s i t y .

i .

Focus.

3•

R efractio n UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

term s

102

E.

k.

Foot c a n d le .

1.

Candle pow er,

m.

Im ages.

RESERVE SHE LF; 1.

to g et a d d itio n a l a s s i s t a n c e .

B la c k , N ew ton H . , E le m e n ta r y p r a c t i c a l P h y s i c s . Y ork,

2.

W here

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

710 pp.

E a s t m a n K o d a k C o m p a n y , How t o Make G o o d p i c t u r e s . E a s tm a n K odak Company,

3.

1946,

New

K unerth, W illia m ,

R o c h e ste r, N. Y .,

A Text of Illu m in a tio n .

a n d S o n s , New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

1935.

1943. J . W iley

103 CHAPTER 1 5 . ROD AND GUN HOW TO HUNT AND F I S H A.

REWARDS; 1.

M o tiv atio n f o r

MORE PLEASURE:

l e a r n i n g how

to h u n t

You w i l l e n j o y t h e

th rill

and f i s h . of

ou td o o r

life . 2.

3.

FEWER ACCIDENTS:

If

gun th e r e w i l l he

less

LESS EXPENSE? reaso n ab le

4.

B.

use a

chance of a c c id e n ts .

You w i l l

know how t o

se le c t

th e m ost

equipm ent.

MORE FRIENDS: trip s

y o u know how t o p r o p e r l y

P eople w i l l

e n j o y g o i n g on h u n t i n g

w ith you.

DIR E C TIO N S:

T ips

on m anaging y o u r h u n t i n g and f i s h i n g

.tr ip s . 1.

How t o

k i l l w i l d game w i t h a g u n .

a.

W h a t k i n d o f game a r e

you h u n tin g ?

b.

S hould a r i f l e

c.

W hat i s

d.

How s h o u l d y o u a i m a g u n ?

e.

How s h o u l d a g u n b e h e l d ?

f.

How s h o u l d a g u n h e c a r r i e d ?

g.

How s h o u l d

h.

How may t h e

i.

Does a b u l l e t

o r a s h o t gun

the ra n g e

be

used?

o f y o u r gun?

th e gun be f i r e d ? speed of a p r o je c t il e te n d to

drop as

it

be co m p u te d ? trav els

th ro u g h

th e a i r . j.

What s a f e t y

p recau tio n s

s h o u ld be

fo llo w ed ?

Y

104 2.

How t o

catch f i s h .

a.

W hat k in d o f f i s h i n g

b.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

tack le

sh o u ld be

sh o u ld he tak en in

tak en ?

the

stow age

of ta c k le ? c.

What k i n d

of b a i t s h o u ld be u sed ?

d.

What c o n s t i t u t e s

e.

How

do y ou p u l l i n

f.

How

does

g.

How

does a f i s h e a t?

h.

W hatp r i n c i p l e

a good ro d and r e e l ? a fish ?

a f is h b reath e?

of force

is

used in

b rin g in g

in

a fish ? i. 3.

W hen a r e

How t o a.

prepare

used?

f o r a h u n tin g

How l o n g o f a t r i p

is

b.

What i s

the

c.

W hat i s

the w e a th e r ?

or fish in g

trip .

to be m ade.?

clim ate?

d.

A re you a w e a th e r f o r e c a s t e r ?

e .

What f o o d

f .

How s h o u l d f o o d b e p a c k e d ?

g.

W hat h u n t i n g o r f i s h i n g

h.

What p l a n s

i.

Have you n o t i f i e d y o u r f a m i l y w h e re

j .

What a r r a n g e m e n t s h a v e y o u madet o p r e s e r v e catch ?

4.

f is h in g n ets

How t o

camp.

s h o u ld be

tak en ?

equipm ent sh o u ld be ta k e n ?

s h o u l d b e made r e g a r d i n g b o o t s ? you a r e going? your

105 a.

W here s h o u l d

t h e ca m p b e

b.

W hat

ty p e

ten t

c.

What

cam ping e q u ip m e n t

d.

How s h o u l d

e.

A re f i s h

f.

W hat i s

the w e a th e r ?

g.

What i s

the

d ire ctio n

h.

W hat o f

the

lo catio n

of

the

lo cated ?

sh o u ld be used? is

necessary?

t e n t be p u t up?

a n d ga m e a b u n d a n t i n

of of

th is

area?

th e w ind? th e n e a r e s t

source

of

w ater? 1. C.

Is

a

source

of fu e l av ailab le?

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

W ays’ o f

le a rn in g

to h u n t an d f i s h

by d o in g . 1.

2.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Go o n a f i s h i n g

trip

w ith

th e c l a s s .

b.

Go o n a h u n t i n g

trip

w ith your f a th e r .

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make

a list

h un tin g b.

of

th e equipm ent n e c e s s a r y

for

a

trip .

Make a l i s t

o f equipm ent n e c e s s a ry f o r

a fish in g

trip . c. D.

L ist

EVALUATION:

the

step s

to be

fo llo w e d in

firin g

Ways o n c h e c k i n g o n y o u r a b i l i t y

to

a gun. h u n t and

fish . 1,

TRUE-FALSE?

P lace

an X i n

the

correct

space

for

tru e a.

or fa lse . T P ( }{ )

When h u n t i n g .22 c a l i b e r

b.

( )(

)

A b u llet

ra b b its

you s h o u ld use a

rifle .

fa lls

at

the r a t e

o f 32f e e t p e r

second. BEST ANSWER?

P lace

the number of t h e b e s t answ er i n

the p a r e n t h e s i s . a.

(

)

In

p lan n in g a h u n tin g

tan t

th in g

to

eq uipm ent,

the

group, P lace

th e m ost im p o r­

c o n sid e r i s ;

(2)

RATING SCALE;

trip

(1)

(3) w e a th e r,

an X in

guns,

(4) number i n

each sp ace w hich you

q u alify . a.

M aking a s u c c e s s f u l h u n t i n g ( )

S elects

(

)

Takes p ro p e r g u n s.

(

)

Takes

(

)

S elects

(

)

Uses

rifle

(

)

Uses

sh o tg u n p r o p e r ly ,

f

)

Obeys s a f e t y

(

)

B rings

BEST ANSWER; and co n cep ts.

a

trip .

tim e when t h e w e a t h e r

is

good.

p ro p e r equ ip m en t. a goo d camp.

back

D efin e

p ro p erly .

re g u la tio n s. game. or ex p lain

the

fo llo w in g

term s

107

E.

SL•

W eather.

b .

Proj e c t i l e .

c .

V eloci t y .

d.

A cceleratio n .

6•

G rav ity .

f .

T rajecto ry .

g.

Gun p o w d e r .

h.

L everage.

i .

T en sio n .

j •

A rch im ed es' p r in c ip l e s

RESERVE BOOK SHE LF: 1,

2.

B l a c k , N ew ton H . ,

W here t o g e t

ad d itio n al a s s is ta n c e .

E lem en tary P r a c t i c a l

New Y o r k ,

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y ,

R utstrum ,

C a l w i n , Way o f

B urgess,

1946.

P h y sics.

1946.

the W i l d e r n e s s . M in n e a p o li s ,

108 CHAPTER 1 6 , MUSIC HOW TO MAKE MUSIC A.

REWARDS? 1.

C ains

f r o m k n o w i n g how t o m a k e m u s i c .

INCREASED POPULARITY:

You w i l l

"be a b l e

to e n te r ta in

your frie n d s . 2.

PERSONAL SATISFACT IO N: you w i l l be

3.

ab le

By k n o w i n g how t o m a k e m u s i c

to g a in i n n e r s a t i s f a c t i o n .

GREATER A R T I S T I C APPRE CIAT IO N: enjoym ent from t h e

m usic

You w i l l f i n d

g reater

of p a s t an d p r e s e n t day

mas t e r s . 4.

INCREASED KNOWLEDGE:

You w i l l

l e a r n how s o u n d s

are

- .p ro du ced. B.

D I R E C T IO N S : 1.

.W a y s

o f p ro d u c in g p le a s a n t sounds and m u sic .

How t o p r o d u c e m u s i c a l n o t e s

v o cally .

a.

How i s

th e human s y s te m ?

b.

How a r e

changes

in

p i t c h produced?

c.

How a r e

changes

in

volum e b r o u g h t a b o u t?

d.

W hat I s

the s p e e d

e.

How i s m o t i o n r e l a t e d

f.

How d o e s

g.

W hat i s

h.

How d o m u s i c a l

i.

What I s

the a v e r a g e

p itch

3•

What i s

the a v e r a g e

p i t c h o f a w om an's

k.

What i s

a b eat?

sound produced-by

of sound th ro u g h a ir ? to

sound?

sound t r a v e l ? the

d if f e r e n c e betw een sounds

sound and n o is e ?

d iffer? of

a m a n 's

v oice? voice?

1#

How a r e b e a t n o t e s

m,

What do es

n,

W hat I s

0.

W hat v o i c e

sin g in g

in

u n i s o n mean?

harm ony? tra in in g

im prove v o ic e p.

produced?

What c a u s e s

tech n iq u es

d isco rd ? on a m u s i c a l i n s t r u m e n t .

a.

W hat i n s t r u m e n t do y o u h a v e ?

b.

What i s

d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n a w ind i n s t r u m e n t

and a s t r i n g c.

W hat c a u s e s

to

q u ality ?

How t o p r o d u c e n o t e s

the

m ay b e u s e d

in stru m en t? sound

to b e

p ro d u ced from a s t r i n g

sound

to b e p r o d u c e d from a w ind

in s trum ent? d*

What c a u s e s in stru m en t?

e .

W hat i s a ch o rd ?

f .

What I s a m a j o r

g.

What i s a s c a l e ?

h.

What i s a s h a r p ?

1.

W hat I s a f ] i ?

triad ?

j.

How d o e s a p e r c u s s i o n

k.

What i s

1.

How d o e s

a brass a brass

in stru m en t

produce m usic?

in stru m en t? in stru m en t

d iffer

from a r e e d

in s trum ent ? m.

How m a y h i g h a n d lo w n o t e s b e in stru m en t?

p r o d u c e d on a s t r i n g

3.

How t o

change

p itch

a.

What c a u s e s

b.

What

is p itch ?

c.

What

is a keynote?

d.

W hat

in the

strin g s e.

of your m u sical in stru m e n t.

changes

effect

in

on

p itch ?

p itc h ofs tr e tc h in g

the

on a v i o l i n ?

How s h o u l d f i n g e r s ment to

4.

th e

produce

be

p l a c e d on a s t r i n g

changes

How t o p r o d u c e h a r m o n i c s a.

What a r e h a r m o n ic s ?

b.

What c a u s e s h a r m o n ic s

in

in stru ­

p itch ?

on y o u r i n s t r u m e n t ,.

to be p ro d u c e d by a s t r i n g

in stru m en t? c.

d.

How s h o u l d

the f i n g e r s

in stru m en t

to

How a r e

b e.p la c e d

on a s t r i n g e d

p rod uce h arm o n ics?

fundam entalsproduced

on

a

strin g in stru ­

m ent?

C.

e.

How a r e

overto n es

f .

Why a r e

the

q u ality

as

produced

on a s t r i n g

w ind i n s t r u m e n t s th e

in stru m en t

not so h ig h in

strin g s?

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS . 1.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

S in g a song in

class

and have

the

class

ev alu ate

i t . b.

P lay y o u r in s tr u m e n t f o r your f r i e n d s them e v a l u a t e

your p lay in g .

and have

Ill 2.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Make a l i s t

of

the

v ario u s

ways

of changing p i t c h

on m u s i c a l I n s t r u m e n t s , h . D.

D iscuss

EVALUATION:

p r e s e n t day m usic.

Ways o f s e e i n g how w e l l y o u m a k e a n d u n d e r ­

sta n d m u sic. 1.

TRUE-FALSE: tru e a.

P lace

an X in

th e

correct

space fo r

or fa lse . T F )( )

(

H igh n o te s

are

produced

on a v i o l i n

from

the h e a v i e r s t r i n g s . b.

(•)('■ }

A l l human s p e e c h i s vocal

c.

(

)(

}

2.

(

)(

)

The p i t c h

the

a.

(

o f am a n ’s v o i c e

tw ice as h ig h

as

is

ap p ro x i­

t h a t o f a woman.

The d i f f e r e n c e

i n m usic from d i f f e r e n t

In stru m e n ts

due m ain ly

BEST ANSWER: in

the

chords.

m ately d.

p ro d u ced from

P lace

is

the num ber o f

to

q u ality .

the b e s t

answ er

p aren th esis. )

P itch (1)

of a no te

A m plitude,

is

g overned m ain ly b y ;

(2) F re q u e n c y ,

(3) Q u a l i t y ,

(4) D e c i b e l s . b.

(

)

M u sical w ith ; (4)

sounds

are

(1) m o tio n ,

m o lecu les.

alw ays (2)

c lo se ly

pressure,

asso ciated (3)

lig h t,

112 RATING SCALE:

P lace

an X in

e a c h sp a c e f o r w hich

you q u a l i f y . a.

P lay in g an in stru m e n t. .(

) H olds i n s t r u m e n t p r o p e r l y .

(

) Produces

(

) Good q u a l i t y .

(

} Good p i t c h .

(

) P ro per am p litu d e.

(

) Produces

good o v e r t o n e s .

(

) Produces

p le a s a n t h arm o n ics.

(

) Reads m u sic p r o p e r l y .

SHORT ANSV/ER: and concepts .

. b . c .

Am pli t u d e .

d.

D ecib el.

e .

Harmoni c s .

a

f

.

P itch . Q u ality .

O v erto n e.

S«

N o ise.

h.

M usic.

. 3♦

i

B e a ts. F undam ental

k.

Res o n a n c e .

1.

N odes.

proper n o te s.

m. E.

T uning f o r k .

RESERVE BOOK S H E L F ;

W here

1.

L .,

F letch er, London,

2.

G ustav

M cG raw -H ill,

G o etsch iu s,

Percy,

P r e s s e r C o ., 3.

H untington, G o ., I n c . ,

to g e t a d d i t i o n a l a s s i s ta n c e

U n ifie d P h y s ic s .

New Y o r k a n d

1936.

The S t r u c t u r e

P h ilad elp h ia, H a rrie t E .,

G arden C ity ,

P a .,

Theodore

1934.

Tune U p. N. Y .,

o f M usic.

D oubleday D oran an d

1942.

114

a

115 CHAPTER 1 7 . ON THE DIAMOND HO?? TO PLAY BASEBALL A.

REWARDS: 1.

A dvantages

o f k n o w i n g how

HIGHER BATTING AVERAGE:

to p l a y b a s e b a l l w e l l .

You w i l l b e a v a l u a b l e

asset

to yo u r team . 2.

WIN MORE GAMES.

Y our team w i l l be a t

the

top

o f the

leag u e. 3.

FUTURE CAREER. liv in g

4.

What I s

f o r fun

t o d a y m ay b e f o r a

tom orrow .

BETTER HEALTH:

B aseb all is

an e n j o y a b l e way o f k e e p -

' in g h e a lth y . B.

DIRECT IO NS : 1.

W ay s o f b e c o m i n g m o r e e f f i c i e n t

How t o h i t

How s h o u l d y o u s e l e c t

b.

W hat i s

th e

c.

How i s

force

d.

W here on th e b a t

shape

of

your b at? th e

tra n sm itted is

bat? to

e.

How m u c h p o w e r I s

f.

Why i s

less

is

sq u arely ?

What a r e

th e b at?

th e p o in t a t

mum p o w e r w i l l b e d e l i v e r e d

g.

sp o rts.

a b aseb all.

a.

h it

in

to

the

h i t below i t s

th e

tra n sm itte d to

power t r a n s m itte d

com ponents cen ter the

w hich th e m a x i­ b all?

th e b a ll?

to th e b a l l

of force

if

the

If

it

b all

is

of g ra v ity ?

h.

W hat d e te r m in e s

tra je c to ry

i.

How s h o u l d y o u s w i n g t o

h it

of a b all?

a fly ?

116 j.

How

s h o u ld you sw ing

to h i t

ag ro u n d er?

k.

How

sh o u ld

1.

Why i s

a firm

g rip necessary?

m.

Why i s

fo llo w

th ro u g h n e c e s s a ry ?

n.

How d o e s

0.

How s h o u l d a b a l l b e b u n t e d ?

p*

W hat k in d o f p r a c t i c e

th e b a t be h e l d ?

th e

b a t i n f l u e n c e momentum

w ill

of

g iv e you

the

th e

sw ing?

sk ills

needed? 2.

How t o

p itch .

a .

How

sh o u ld

th e b a l l be h e ld ?

b.

How

sh o u ld

th e b a l l be p r o p e l l e d

c.

What i s t h e to

d.

source

of

the

from

energy th a t

your hand? is

im p arted

the b a l l ?

Does

the

p rin c ip le

of le v e ra g e

ap p ly

in b a ll'

th ro w in g ? e.

How d o e s

f.

In

g rav ity

affect

th ro w in g a b a s e b a ll,

the

p ath

of

the b a l l ?

how m ay g r a v i t y

b e com­

p en sated fo r? g.

How s h o u l d y o u u s e y o u r f i n g e r s

to c o n t r o l

th e

p ath of a b a ll? h..

What i s

a

curve?

1.

How s h o u l d y o u s t a n d

j.

What p o s i t i o n

on t h e

rubber?

s h o u ld you ta k e w ith

base? k*

How s h o u l d t h e

toes be p o in te d ?

runners

on

1.

What p r e c a u t i o n s

a g a in s t b a lk in g sh o u ld he

m.

What e x e r c i s e s

n.

W hen s h o u l d a w i n d u p h e u s e d ?

o.

How s h o u l d y o u g o f r o m t h e

tak en ?

w ill p ro v id e needed p r a c tic e ?

w indup i n t o

the

de­

t a k e n when p l a y i n g

th e

liv ery ? p.

Why i s

How t o a.

play

th e

th ro u g h n e c e s sa ry ?

o u tfield .

What p o s i t i o n v ario u s

h.

a fo llo w

sh o u ld he

h atters?

How s h o u l d a f l y h a l l h e

caugh t?

( 1 ) How s h o u l d y o u g e t u n d e r a f l y b a l l ? ( 2 ) How s h o u l d y o u k e e p y o u r e y e s

on th e

h all?

( 3 ) When s h o u l d y o u s h a d e y o u r e y e s ? (4)

How s h o u l d

the hands he

used in

catch in g

a

b all? ( 5 ) When s h o u l d o n e h a n d e d ( 6 ) How i s

the

energy

of

catches

the h a l l

he made? i n m otion

tran sm itted ? ( 7 ) How s h o u l d y o u m a k e s u r e to th ro w a f t e r m aking th e c.

How s h o u l d (1) r n

the h a l l be

w hich d i r e c t i o n

of bein g

in p o s itio n

catch ?

throw n from

the

is

to he

the h a l l

throw n?

( 2 ) How s h o u l d

th e h a l l he

( 3 ) How s h o u l d

the f i n g e r s he u sed in h o ld in g th e

h all?

h eld f o r

o u tfield ?

a lo n g

throw ?

118 ( 4 ) How s h o u l d m ax im u m e n e r g y b e i m p a r t e d

to

the

b all? ( 5 ) How i s l e v e r a g e ( 6 ) Why i s i t

im p o rtan t i n

b etter

( 7 ) How i s w r i s t

to

throw

actio n

throw ing?

overhanded?

im p o rtan t

in

c o n tro llin g

a b all? d.

How s h o u l d a g r o u n d b a l l b e f i e l d e d b y a n o u t ­ fie ld e r?

4.

C.

How t o p l a y

the i n f i e l d .

a.

How s h o u l d a g r o u n d b a l l b e f i e l d e d ?

b.

How s h o u l d a f l y

c.

How s h o u l d b a s e r u n n e r s b e p l a y e d ?

d.

How s h o u l d t h e d o u b l e

e.

How s h o u l d b u n t s b e p l a y e d ?

f.

How s h o u l d a b a s e

g.

How s h o u l d l i n e

h.

How s h o u l d t h r o w s b e m a d e ?

b a l l be f ie ld e d ?

be

p l a y b e made?

covered?

d riv es

be h a n d le d ?

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS. 1.

2.

ACTIVE A C T I V I T I E S . a.

P lay

the v a rio u s

p o sitio n s

on a

b.

P ra c tic e p itch in g

to a f r i e n d .

c.

P ra c tic e catch in g

flie s.

d.

P ractic e f ie ld in g

grounders.

team a t

sch o o l.

MENTAL A C T I V I T I E S . a.

Look a t

the b a t t i n g

tech n iq u es

of b ig

leag u e

119 p lay ers. b.

S tudy th e

d efen siv e

league b a l l P.

EVALUATION:

Checks

tech n iq u es

of se v e ra l b ig

p lay ers. on y o u r p r o g r e s s

an d know ledge

of

b aseb all. 1.

TRUE-FALSE: tru e a.

P lace

or fa ls e . T F ( )( ) You

an X In

the

correct

sh o u ld use a b a t

space f o r

t h a t w eighs

about

34 p o u n d s . b.

( )( )

Y ou s a v e b y b u y i n g t h e b i g name s p o r t i n g goods.

c.

( )( )

At the p l a t e

you sh o u ld have y o u r f e e t

a b o u t one f o o t a p a r t . d.

( )( )

The near

2.

BEST ANSWER: in a.

the ( )

is

the num ber o f

the b e s t answ er

p aren th esis. W rist a c tio n in

(3) ( )

o f m a x im u m p o w e r o n a b a t

th e h an d le*

P lace

of the*

b.

p o in t

th ird

To h i t m u st: (2)

(1)

first

class,

a fly , (1)

th ro w in g in v o lv e s

the

c l a s s , (2) (4)

second c la s s , class.

upw ard com ponent o f f o r c e

e x c e e d th e f o r w a r d com ponent,

exceed g ra v ity ,

(4) be

fo u rth

lev erag e

zero.

(3)

equal g ra v ity ,

120 3.

RATING SCALE:

P lace

an X in

each space

for

w hich

you q u a l i f y . a.

A good o u t f i e l d e r . (

)

Has g o o d f o r m

(

)

Has

(

)

Team v a l u e . A b ility

to

( )

A b ility

to p la y

( )

Has s p e e d .

( )

Has a g o o d

(

Throws

)

F orce.

d.

C om ponent.

e f

. .

g* h i

. .

C urve. Speed.

L everage. Ene r g y . T rajecto ry . G rav ity . H e w to n ’ s law s R esu ltan t•

k.

F ric tio n .

grounders.

thro w in g

arm .

co n d itio n .

D efin e

and concep t s .

. b . c .

p la y fly b a l l s .

to p ro p er p l a c e s .

P h y sical

SHORT ANSWER:

a

the p l a t e .

a good h a t t i n g a v e r a g e .

( )

( ) 4.

at

or ex p lain th e

f o llo w in g term s

1. E.

M omentum.

RESERVE BOOK SHE LF ; 1.

B lack,

T h e Mac M i l l a n C o . ,

C o m b s , J o h n W. , S trateg y .

3.

W ardlaw , C h arles

get ad d itio n al a s s is ta n c e .

N ew ton H . , E l e m e n t a r y P r a c t i c a l P h y s i c s .

New Y o r k , 2.

W here t o

B aseb all,

P re n tic e -H a ll, C h arles D .,

S c rib n e rs

1946.

i n d i v i d u a l P l a y a n d T e am In c .,

New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

F undam entals

Sons,

of B a se b a ll.

New Y o r k , N . Y . ,

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

1940.

1939.

?

122 BIBLIOGRAPHY" A.

PRIMARY REFERENCES.

B l a c k , N ew ton H .s ' E l e m e n t a r y P r a c t i c a l P h y s i c s . T h e Mac M i l l a n C o m p a n y , New Y o r k , 1 .9 4 6 . (An u p - t o - d a t e h i g h sc h o o l p h y sic s book w ith c le a r and a c c u ra te e x p la n a tio n s .) B urbank, N elson L .: H ouse Cons t r u e t i o n D e t a i l s . Sim m onsB o a r d m a n P u b l i s h i n g C o r p o r a t i o n , 3 0 C h u r c h S t r e e t , New Y ork, 1942, pp. 306. B u t l e r , A lf r e d M .; H ousehold P h y s i c s . R evised e d i t i o n . M. B a r r o w s & C o . , B o s t o n , 1 9 3 5 , p . 4 1 6 . (A p r a c t i c a l t e x t b o o k on h o u s e h o l d p h y s i c s w h ic h w o u ld be v e r y u s e f u l in a course of th is ty p e .) Dunham, C l a r e n c e W h i t i n g ; P l a n n i n g Y o u r Home f o r B e t t e r L iv in g . M c G r a w - H i l l Book C o m p a n y , I n c . , New Y o r k , 1 9 4 5 . (An e x c e l l e n t r e f e r e n c e b o o k f o r p r o s p e c t i v e hom e b u i l d ­ e r s w hich i s v e ry r e a d a b l e and w e ll i l l u s t r a t e d . ) Lynde, C arle to n J o h n ; P h y sic s o f the H o u s e h o ld . T h e Mac M i l l a n Company, N e w Y o r k , 1 9 3 6 , p p . 3 1 3 . fA t e x t b o o k w h i c h c l e a r l y p o i n t s o u t m any o f t h e a p p l i c a t i o n s o f p h y s ic s I n th e h o m e.) R ich ter, H erbert P .: P r a c t i c a l E l e c t r i c i t y ' a n d " H o u se W i r i n g . F r e d e r i c k J . D r a k e & CoA’, ’ C h i c a g o , 1 9 3 9 , p p . 1 8 0 . (A b r i e f b u t p r a c t i c a l tre a tm e n t of house w irin g and r e l a t e d p ro b le m s.) B.

SECONDARY REFERENCES .

A v ery , M adalyn; H ou sehold P h y s ic s , a te x tb o o k S t u d e n t s . i n H o m e 5 c o n o m l c s ~ 7~ R e v . E d i t i o n . l a n C o m p a n y , New Y o r k , 1 9 4 6 , p . 4 7 0 . B a r t o n , ’A r t h u r W . ; ' T e x t on L i g h t . Longmans, i n c . , New Y o r k , N . Y . , 1 9 3 9 , p p . 3 7 8 . C a l d w e l l , O t i s W. a n d C u r t i s , G in n a n d Company, B o s t o n ,

F ran cis D .; 1946.

fo r C ollege T h e Mac M i ' l G reen and C o .,

E veryday S c ie n c e .

C a r r i e r , R e a lto E . , C h ern e, and G r a n t, W a lte r A .; M odern A ir C o n d itio n in g , H e a tin g , and V e n t i l a t i n g . P itm an P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y , New Y o r k , N . Y . , 1 9 4 1 7 p p . 5 7 0 .

123 C a rro ll, F ra n k lin B .; U n d e r s t a n d i n g ' o u r E n v i r o n m e n t . ' 'B o ok 1 . C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , S a c r a m e n t o , X943. Combs, J o h n W .: B a s e b a l l , I n d i v i d u a l P la y a n d 'T e a m S t r a t e g y . P r e n t l c e - H a l l , ' i n c . , New Y o r k ', if." Y . , 1 9 3 9 . C rosby, E v e r e tt U b erto : H a n d b o o k 'o f F i r e view P r e s s , F a r m in g to n , M a s s ., 1 9 4 1 .

P ro te c tio n .

Lake-

D a l z e l l , J . R alph and H ubbard, C h a rle s L . t A ir C o n d itio n in g , H e a t i n g ; a n d V e n t i l a t i o n . A m erican T e c h n i c a l S o c i e t y , C h i c a g o , 1 1 1 . , 1939". D u tto n , G eorge H .; N a v ig a tio n and N a u tic a l A stronom y. N a v a l I n s t i t u t e , A n n a p o l i s , ' Md.'V 1 9 4 1 .

U. S.

F e r r y , E r v in S idney* G eneral P h y sics and i t s A p p lic a tio n to I n d u s tr y and E veryday L if e . J o h n W i l e y a n d S o n s , New Y ork, 1921, p . 7 3 2 . F l e t c h e r , G ustav L . : U n if ie d P h y s i c s . and London, 1936. G o etsch iu s, Percy? The S t r u c t u r e Co., P h ila d e lp h ia ^ P a ., 1934.

M cG raw -H ill,

of M u sic.

H e c to r, L u th e r G .: P h y sics f o r A rts Co., P h ila d e I p h ia , 1948, p. 731.

New Y o r k

T heodore P r e s s e r

& S cien ces.

B lak isto n

H u ntin g to n , C lark : B u i l d i n g C o n s t r u c t i o n . 'S e c o n d e d i t i o n , J o h n W i l e y & S o n s ”, I n c . , New Y o r k , 1 9 4 1 . H u n tin g to n , H a r r ie t E . ; Tune U p . 'D o u b le d a y , D o ra n & C o . , I n c . , G a rd e n C i t y , N. Y . , 1942. K h e r r , Hugh J . ; The S tu d e n t p i l o t s T r a i n i n g P r i m e r . V a n N o r s t r a n d C o m p a n y , I n c . , New" Y o r k , " 194'1# K un erth, W illiam ; A Text of Illu m in a tio n . New Y o r k , N . Y . , 1 9 3 3 .

J.

L u c k ie s h , M atthew : L ig h t, V is io n and S e e in g . s t r a n d C o . , I n c . , New Y o r k , " N." Y . , 1 9 4 5 V R utstrum , C alv in * W ay s o f B urgess Co., 1946.

the W i l d e r n e s s .

S h ie ld s , B ert A .; P rin c ip le s C o m p a n y , New Y o r k , 1 9 4 2 .

of F l i g h t .

D.

W iley and S o n s, D . Van N o r ­

M in n eap o lis, M c G r a w - H ill Book

124 S t u b b i n g s , G. W .* The D i s e a s e s o f E l e c t r i c a l M a c h i n e r y . C h e m i c a l P u b l i s h i n g C o . , New Y o r k , N . Y . , 1 9 3 9 . U n ite d S t a t e s B u re a u o f M arine I n s p e c t i o n an d N a v i g a t i o n : M o to rb o a ts ' and C e r t a i n 'V e s s e l s . U . ’S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t ­ i n g o f f i c e , ' W a s h i n g t o n , D . CY , 1 9 4 1 . W ar D e p a r t m e n t , U . S . A . , : T e c h n ic a l M anual, E l e c t r i c a l F undam entals. W a r D e p a r t m e n t , U . S . A . ’, W a s h i n g t o n , 1941. W ardlaw , C h a r l e s T . ; F undam entals o f B a s e b a l l . S c rib n e rs S o n s N e w Y ork, N . Y ., 1940. W illard , L ester R.;' Company, B o s t o n ,

F undam entals 1"943 .

of E le c tric ity .

D.C.,

C h arles G inn a n d