A History of the Mishnaic Law of Women, Part 4: Sotah, Gittin, Qiddushin: Translation and Explanation (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity) 9781556353581, 1556353588

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A HISTORY OF THE MISHNAIC OF WOMEN PART FOUR

LAW

STUDIES IN JUDAISM IN LATE ANTIQUITY EDITED BY

JACOB NEUSNER

VOLUME THIRTY-THREE

A HISTORY OF THE MISHNAIC OF WOMEN PART FOUR

LAW

A HISTORY OF THE MISHNAIC LAW OF WOMEN BY

JACOB NEUSNER University Professor Professor of Religious Studies The Ungerleider Distinguished Scholar of Judaic Brown University

Studies

PART FOUR

SOT AH, GITTIN, TRANSLATION

QIDDUSHIN

AND EXPLANATION

Wipf&Stock PUBLISHERS Eugene, Oregon

Wipf and Stock Publishers 199 W 8th Ave, Suite 3 Eugene, OR 97401 A History of the Mishnaic Law of Women, Part 4 Sotah, Gittin, Qiddushin: Translation and Explanation By Neusner, Jacob Copyright©1980 by Neusner, Jacob ISBN 13: 978-1-55635-358-1 ISBN 10: 1-55635-358-8 Publication date 3/20/2007 Previously published by E. J. Brill, 1980

For my dearfriend and distinguishedcolleague

Martin Hengel andfor his wife,

Marianne Hengel in Freundschaftgewidmet

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Abbreviations and Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transliterations

IX

xrn xx

SOTAH I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.

Introduction to Sotah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sotah Chapter One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sotah Chapter Two............................ Sotah Chapter Three........................... Sotah Chapter Four............................ Sotah Chapter Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sotah Chapter Six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sotah Chapter Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sotah Chapter Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sotah Chapter Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 10 27 32 41 48 58 62 74 83

GITTIN XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX.

Introduction to Gittin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter One............................ Gittin Chapter Two............................ Gittin Chapter Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter Six.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gittin Chapter Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115 123 133 139 149 158 166 175 188 199

QIDDUSHIN XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV.

Introduction to Qiddushin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qiddushin Chapter One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qiddushin Chapter Two .... ,................... Qiddushin Chapter Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qiddushin Chapter Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .. .. ..

213 217 227 239 252

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

266

PREFACE Unlike Nedarim and Nazir, which belong together from many perspectives, Sotah, Gittin, and Qiddushin bear little in common. To be sure, some intermediate divisions of Qiddushin are evidently artificial and modeled upon equivalent chapters of Gittin. But there is nothing in the subject matter, generative tensions, or conceptual problematic of Gittin and Qiddushin to warrant joining the two tractates. All three are given together merely for the sake of convenience. Each of them is presented in form-analytical translation and explanation. The translation points up the form-analytical traits and problems of the three tractates. The explanation then gives a clear and straight-forward account of the exegetical results of form-analysis. It is meant to spell out the primary meaning intended by the framers of the several pericopae and of the tractate as a whole. Tosefta is treated with great brevity, principally in relationship to Mishnah. It here is not an independent object of exegesis and plays only a limited role in what follows. The translation and explanation serve a single, very particular purpose, and in no way address all, or even most, of those many exegetical problems which occupy the great classical literature of Mishnah-exegesis and study of the halakhah of Mishnah and Talmud. My notion is that I herein explain what it is that the people who made up these sentences meant at the time that they made them up. The exclusion, of course, is self-evident: all those many issues generated by later thinkers and addressed to these same sentences for their (implied) judgments and responses. The intellectual structure and history of Rabbinic Judaism are one of the formidable achievements of the human mind. Surely an account of what lies at the very foundations of that structure and at the commencement of that history serves its purpose ( achieved in the concluding part of the whole) without having to attend to those many legitimate issues and interests which arose later on, after Mishnah came to closure. Many times I have contemplated presenting only the conclusions, without an account of the texts and the meanings I believe inhere in their original form and sense. Each time I have decided that conclusions without texts serve no important scholarly purpose, even though, at the outset, the work of discovery and presentation would be greatly facilitated for me, and the reception of the results made easier for the reader. Just as each division of Mishnah take::sfor granted the existence of the

X

PREFACE

others, furthermore, so no work on Mishnah-Tosefta may pretend to accomplish the whole of the work of description, interpretation, and philosophico-legal reconstruction and to take up the pretense that other works of reference and of scholarship are unavailable. One minor consequence is that I do not even trouble to list parallel passages, e.g., where a given pericope of Mishnah or Tosefta is alluded to or cited; these are exhaustively listed, for Tosefta, in Lieberman, and, for Mishnah, in Romm's edition. One major consequence is that, when I offer my simple conception of what it is that a pericope wishes to tell us at the very commencement of its historical journey, I no longer trouble to report other conceptions and why I reject them. Let me now specify what the work aims to achieve. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the history of the formation of Rabbinic Judaism, down to the redaction of Mishnah in ca. 200. Even though attainment of that purpose presently seems remote, depending as it does upon the completion of the historical analysis of all of Mislmah-Tosefta, we have to keep in mind why we do the work and what we hope to learn. The sole issue here is historical. All discussion, both in the four exegetical parts and in the synthetic one to follow, is shaped to address the historical question announced in the title of the work. Questions of the history of exegesis and of the formation, formulation, transmission, and redaction of the literature of Mishnah-Tosefta, to which a fair amount of intellectual energy is devoted in Purities, here are not raised, as they were not dealt with at great length in Holy Things. The reason is that the answers to these questions do not materially advance the single inquiry at hand, an investigation of the history of religions and of ideas. Methods for the finding of answers to certain longstanding literary and exegetical questions have proved their validity and do not require further demonstration in the present work. For the present purpose it suffices to follow the text and pointing of Albeck-Yalon. Variant readings, while interesting, have never made much difference to the historical results attained heretofore, despite their importance in ascertaining details of the law itself. To conclude: this work is not called a commentary, but "translation and explanation," which I hope will more adequately define and delimit my purpose. A commentary may serve any number of useful and important purposes. It may be "scientific," that is, as the word is presently used, archaeological or philological. It may raise a wide range of quite distinctive and valid exegetical purposes, e.g., harmonistic, halakhic, atomistic, textcritical, and the like. It may constitute a supercommentary, not to Mishnah at all, but to a particular trend of Mishnah-commentaries. My

PREFACE

XI

contribution is defined by my purpose, to repeat: to attain a history of the Mishnaic law of women. The history cannot be laid forth without a systematic, careful, and complete presentation of the relevant sources. This is accomplished in the translation. These sources have also to be interpreted and explained, since no reader can be expected to effect the rather complex task of exegesis only at the time of turning to what I might offer in Part Vas the history of these (by me, unexplained) texts. That is why, in addition to a fresh translation (the first in English of Tosefta, the first form-analytical one for Mishnah), I offer what I call an explanation,as I said, a simple and straightforward account of what I believe each pericope meant to the person who made it up. Turning directly to the historical parts of the project without first learning the texts upon which they are based will not serve any useful purpose. Because of its considerable length, I gave thought to presenting Sotah as a single volume. But the intellectual substance of the tractate, as distinct from the formidable volume of its materials, seemed to me too thin to warrant laying it forth all by itself. This book is dedictated to my hosts on the occasion of my lectures in honor of the five hundredth jubilee celebration of Tiibingen, a token of thanks for all they did to make it a richly educational experience for me.

J.N.

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY AE Ah. Albeck Ar. Arthur A.Z.

B. B.B. B.M. B.Q. Baer Bailey Beauvoir Ber. Berger Berlin, 1968 Berlin, 1972 Berlin, 1971 Bert. Bes.

Bik. Blackman

Tosafot R. 'Aqiba Egger. From Mishnah, ed. Romm. >AhiJot l:Ianokh Albeck, Shisho.h sidri mishnah. Seder Nashim (Tel Aviv, 1954). 'Arakhin Marylin B. Arthur, "The Origins of the Western Attitude toward Women," Arethusa 6, 1973, pp. 7-58. - 'Abodah Zarah Babylonian Talmud Baba> Batra> = Baba> Me~i Baba> Qamma> = Richard A. Baer, Jr., Phi/o's Use of the CategoriesMale and Female (Leiden, 1970). Derrick Sherwin Bailey, Sexual Relation in Christian Thought (N. Y., 1959). = Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex. Translated and edited by H. M. Parshley (N.Y., 1953). Berakhot • Isaiah Berger, ed., Ana!Jtical Index to The Jewish Quarter!J Review, 1889-1908 (N.Y., 1966). = Charles Berlin, Harvard University Library. Catalogue of Hebrew Books (Cambridge, 1968), I-VI. Supplement (Cambridge, 1972), 1-111. Widener Library She!flist, 39. Judaica (Cambridge 1971). 'Obadiah of Bertinoro. From Mishnah, ed. Romm. Be~ah = Bikkurim Philip Blackman, Mishnayoth. Vol. III. Order Nashim. Pointed He-

C Cohen

-

Cohen, Law Cohen, Roman Law

=

Corbett Daiches

Daly Dem. Deut.

& Slotki

=

brew Text, Introductions, Translation, Notes, Appendix, Supplement, Indexes (London, 1954). H. Loewe, The Mishnah of the Palestinian Talmud (Hammishnah 'al pi ketab-yad Cambridge) (Jerusalem, 1967). A. Cohen, Sotah. Translated into English with Notes, Glossary, and Indices (London, 1936). Boaz Cohen, Law and Tradition in Judaism (N.Y., 1959). Boaz Cohen, Jewish and Roman Law. A Comparative Study (N. Y., 1966) 1-11. See Smith re Cohen. Percy Ellwood Corbett, The Roman Law i Deuteronomy

XIV

Donaldson Douglas }deanings Douglas, Symbols Ed. EG

Epstein t:pstein, Nusab Epstein, Tan. Erub. Evans-Pritchard Forkman

ABBREVIATIONS

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY

James Donaldson, Woman. Her Position and Influence in Ancient Greeceand Rome, and Among the Early Christians (N.Y., 1907). Mary Douglas, Implicit .Meanings. Essays in Anthropology (London & Boston, 1975). Mary Douglas, Natural Symbols. Explorations in Cosmology (N.Y., 1973). 'Eduyyot Hiddushc Eli;yahu Migreiditz. From Mishnah, ed. Romm (Vilna, 1887). Louis ;\1. Epstein, Marriage Laws in the Biblr and the Talmud (Cambridge, 1942). Y. N. H. Epstein, Mabo lenusab hammishnah (Tel Aviv, 1954). Y. N. H. Epstein, Mebo'ot lesi(rul hattana'im. ,Wishnah tosefta, ummidrashe halakhah. Eel. E. $. Melammed (Tel Aviv, 1957). 'Erubin E. E. Evans-Pritchard, The Position of Women in Primitive Societies and Other Essays in Social Anthropology (N.Y., 1965).

GRA

Goran Forkman, The Limits of the Religious Community. Expulsion from the Religious Community within the Qumran Sect, within Rabbinic Judaism, and within Primitive Christianity (Lund, 1972). H. Freedman, Nedarim. Translated into English 11JithNotes, Glossary, and Indices (London, 1936). H. Freedman, Kiddushin. Translated into English with Notes, Glossary, and Indices (London, 1936). Shamma Friedman, "A Critical Study of Yevamot X with a Methodological Introduction," in H. Z. Dimitrovsky, ed., Texts and Studies. Analectajudaica. (N.Y., 1977), I, pp. 275-442. The most important critical reading of Babylonian Talmudic literary problems of our clay. Leanna Goodwater, Women in Antiquity: An Annotated Bibliography (Metuchen, 1975). Elijah ben Solomon Zalman ("Elijah Ga011" or "Vilna Gaon"),

Git.

1720-1797. Ginin

Freedman Freedman, Qid. Friedman

Goodwater

IlA Hag. Hal. l;layyot HD Hecker

Holy Things

Hor. Horner Hul. Hu mer

Emanuel Hai Riqi. Hon 'ashir. In Q\.1H. ljagigah l:fallah Yi~l,iaq l;layyot, Zera'yisbaq. Ed. H. Y. L. Deutsch (N.Y., 1960). Hasde David. David Pardo, f:lasde David. I. Tosefta Zera'im Mo'ed, Nashim (Livorno; Repr.: 1976). Eugene A. Hecker, A Short History of Women's Rights. From the Days of Augustus to the Present Time. l11ith Special Reference to England and the United States (N.Y., 1910). Jacob Neusner, A History of the ,Wishnaic Law of Holy lhings (Leiden, 1979-1980) I-VI. Hornyot 1. B. Horner, Women under Prirnitiue Buddhism. Lay-women and Almsu;umen (Delhi, Patna, Varanasi, 1930. Rcpr. 1975). I:Iullin The Babylonian Talmud. With Variant Rcarfinl,s Collectedfrom Manuscripts, Fragments of the "Genizah" and Early Printed Editions. And Collated Quotationsfrom the Talmud in Early Rabbinic Literature, etc.

ABBREVIATIONS

ID Isaksson

Janeway Jastrow

=

K Kahana Katsh

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY

xv

Tractate Kethuboth. Editor: Moshe Hershler. Director: Joshua Hutner Qerusalem, 1977). I-II. Nathan Lebam. Imre da'at. In QMH. Abel Isaksson, Marriage and Ministry in the New Temple. A Study with Special Reference to Mt. 19:13-12 and I Cor. 11:3-16 (Lund, 1965). Elizabeth Janeway, Man's World, Woman's Place: A Study in Social Mythology (N.Y., 1971). Marcus Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli, and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (1904. Repr., N.Y., 1950) I-II. Georg Beer, Faksimile-Ausgabe des Mishnacodex Kaufmann A 50 (Repr.: Jerusalem, 1968). K. Kahana, The Theory of Marriage injewish Law (Leiden, 1966). This is surely the worst book on this subject. Abraham I. Katsh, Ginze Mishna. One Hundred and Fifty-Nine Fragmentsfrom the Cairo Geniza in the Saltykov-ShchedrinLibrary in Leningrad Appearing for the First Time with an Introduction, Notes and Variants Qerusalem, 1970).

Ke!. Ker. Kil. Klien KM

Kutscher

Lasch Lacey Levine, Netinim

Levine, Mulugu

Lieberman

=

Kelim Keritot Kila>im B. D. Klien, Nazir. Translated into English with Notes, Glossary, and Indices (London, 1936). Kesef Mishneh. Joseph Karo. Commentary to Maimonides, Mishneh Torah. Published in Venice, 1574-5. Text used: Standard version of Maimonides, Mishneh Torah. Eduard Yechezkel Kutscher, Hebrew and Aramaic Studies Qerusalem, 1977). Edited by Zeev Ben Hayyim, Aharon Dotan, Gad Sarfatti, with Moshe Bar Asher. Christopher Lasch, Haven in a Heartless World (N.Y., 1977). W. K. Lacey, The Family in Classical Greece(Ithaca, 1968). Baruch A. Levine, "Later Sources on the Netinim," Orient and Occident. Essays presented to Cyrus H. Gordon on the Occasion of his Sixty-fifth Birthday, ed. Harry A. Hoffner, Jr. (Kevelaer & Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1973), pp. 101-107. Baruch A. Levine, "Mulugu/Melug: The Origins of a Talmudic Legal Institution," Journal of the American Oriental Society 88, 2, 1968, pp. 271-285. Saul Lieberman, The Tosefta. According to Codex Vienna, with variants from CodicesErfurt, Genizah MSS. and Editio Princeps (Venice,

Lieberman, TK

Levy, Worterbuch Loewe M

1521). Togetherwith Referencesto Parallel Passagesin Talmudic Literature. And a Brief Commentary. The Order of Nashim. I. Yebamoth, Kethubuth, Nedarim, Nazir (N.Y., 1967). II. Sotah, Gittin, Kiddushin (N.Y., 1973). Saul Lieberman, Tosefta Kijshutah. A ComprehensiveCommentary on the Tosefta. Part VI. OrderNashim. I. Yebamot-Ketubot(N.Y., 1967). II. Nedarim, Nezirut (N.Y., 1967). III. Sotah, Gittin, Qjddushin N.Y., 1973). In Hebrew. Jacob Levy, Wiirterbuchiiber die Talmudim und Midraschim (1924. Repr., Darmstadt, 1963) I-IV. Raphael Loewe, The Position ef Women in Judaism (London, 1966). Babylonian Talmud Codex Munich (95) (Repr., Jerusalem, 1971).

XVI

ABBREVIATIONS

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mishnah Ma'aserot. B. D. Klien, trans., The Code ofMaimonides. Book Six. The Book of Asseverations (New Haven and London, 1962). Maimonides, Comm. = Moses b. Maiman, Mishnah. Seder Nashim. Trans. by Yosef Kappal:i Oerusalem, 1967). Louis I. Rabinowitz and Philip Grossman, trans., The Code of Maimonides, Holiness Maimonides. Book Five. The Book of Holiness (New Haven and London, 1965). Isaac Klein, trans., The Code ofMaimonides. Book Four. The Book of Maimonides, Women Women (New Haven and London, 1972). Makkot Mak. Makhshirin Makh. Me. Me'ilah Meg. Megillah E. S. Melammed, Hayya{las sheben midrashi halakhah lammishnah Melammed, Midrash velattosefta Oerusalem, 1967). Melammed, Talmud E. S. Melammed, Pirqe mabo lesifrut hattalmud Oerusalem, 1973). Menal:iot Men. = M. Mielziner, The Jewish Law ofMarriage and Divorce in Ancient and Mielziner Modern Times and its Relation to the Law of the State (N.Y., 1901). Miqva>ot Miq. Mishneh Lammelekh. Commentary to Maimonides, Mishneh Torah. ML Judah Rosannes 1657-1727. For source see KM. M.Q. - Mo'ed Qatan Mele>khet Shelomo. Shelomo bar Joshua Adeni, 1567-1625. From MS Mishnah, ed. Romm. Mishnah 'im perush HaRambam. Dejus Risko >nNapoli [5}252 [ 1492], N Oerusalem, 1970). Nazir Naz. Nedarim Ned. Nega'im Neg. Niddah Nid. Num. Numbers Aminoal:i Noa!,., The Redaction of the Tractate Qiddushin in the Noah Babylonian Talmud. In Hebrew (Tel Aviv, 1977). NS Sevi Gutmacher, Na/ialat fevi. In QMH. >Ohalot Oh. Or. 'Orlah John T. Otwell, And Sarah Laughed. The Status of Women in the Old Otwell Testament (Philadelphia, 1977). Compendium of 800 references to women. p Shishah sidre mishnah. Ketab yad Parma DeRossi 138 (Repr.: Jerusalem, 1970). Mishnah ketab yad Paris. Paris 328-329 (Repr.: Jerusalem, 1973). Pa Parah Par. Mishnah Codex Parma "B" DeRossi 497. Seder Tehoroth. IntroducPB tion by M. Bar Asher (Repr.: Jerusalem, 1971). Pesal,.im Pes. = J. Neusner, The Rabbinic Traditions about the Pharisees before 70 Pharisees (Leiden, 1971) I-III. Sarah B. Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves. Women in Pomeroy Classical Antiquity (N.Y., 1975). M. Ma. Maimonides, Assev.

=

ABBREVIATIONS

Proulx

&. Schakel

Purities

QA Qehati QH QMH QS Rabad Rabad, Sifra Rabin, Documents Rabin, Studies Rabinowitz Rappaport Rawson

Reiter Reuther

R.H. Richter Rosaldo and Lamphere San. Sanday Sens Shah. Shabu. Sheb. Sheq. SifraFink. SifraHillel Sifraed. Weiss SifHillel SifHorovitz SifishShalom

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY

XVII

P. Proulx and L. Alonso Schakel, "Las Sandalias de! Mesias Esposo," Biblica 1978: 59, 1-37. J. Neusner, A History of theMishnaic Law of Purities(Leiden, 19741977) I-XXII. Qorban Aharon. Aaron Ibn l:{ayyim (d. 1632), Qorban Aharon, PerushLaSefer Sifra (Dessau, 1749). Pinl;ias Qehati, SederNashim Qerusalem, 1976) I-II. Moshe Zakhuta, Qol haramaz. In QMH. = Q!bl.tjatmeforshehammishnahQerusalem, 1962). I;Iayyim Sofer, Qol Sefer. In QMH. Supercommentary to Maimonides, Code. R. Abraham ben David, Commentary to Sifra. From Sifra, ed. Weiss. = Chaim Rabin, The Zadokite Documents.1. Th£ Admonition. /1. The Laws (Oxford, 1958). Second Edition. Chaim Rabiri, QumranStudies (Oxford, 1957). Louis I. Rabinowitz, "Levirate Marriage and ]fali,:ah," EncyclopaediaJ udaica 11: 122-131. Sevi Hirsch Hakkohen Rappaport, Torat Kohanim, with the commentaries 'Ezrat Kohanim and TosefetHa'Ezrah Qerusalem, 1972). Beryl Rawson, "Family Life among the Lower Classes at Rome in the First Two Centuries of the Empire," ClassicalPhilology61, 2, 1966, pp. 71-83. Rayna R. Reiter, ed., Toward an Anthropologyof Women (N.Y. and London, 1975). = Rosemary Radford Reuther, Religion and Sexism. Images ef Women in tlujewish and Christian Traditions(N.Y., 1974). A truly splendid essay. - Rosh Hashshanah Donald C. Richter, "The Position of Women in Classical Athens," The Classicaljournal 67, 1971, pp. 1-8. Michelle Zimbalist Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere, eds., Women, Culture, and Society(Stanford, 1974). Sanhedrin Peggy R. Sanday, "Toward a Theory of the Status of Women," AmericanAnthropologist75, 1973, pp. 1682-1700. Ya'aqob David Ilan, Tosafot Shenf (Bene Beraq, 1973). Shabbat = Shabu'ot Shebi'it Sheqalim Sifra or Torat Kohanim. Accordingto CodexAssemani LXVI. With a Hebrew Introduction by Louis Finkelstein (N.Y., 1956). Sifra. With the Commentary of Hillel b. R. Eliaqim. Ed. by Shachne Koleditzky (Jerusalem, 1961). Sijra, ed. Isaac Hirsch Weiss (repr.: N.Y., 1947). - Sifre ... 'im Perush... RabbenuHillel barEliaqim. Ed. Shachne Koleditzky Qerusalem, 1958). Siphre d'Be Rab. Fasciculusprimus: Siphre ad Numeros atijectoSiphre Zutta. Ed. H. S. Horovitz (Leipzig, 1917). Sifre debeRab. 'Im TosafotMeir 'Ayin. Ed. Meir IshShalom (Friedman). (Vienna, 1864, repr.: N.Y., 1948).

XVIII

Si/Lieberman

ABBREVIATIONS

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Siphre Zutta (The Midrash

of Lydda).

II. The Talmud of Caesarea

(N.Y., 1968). SifNe~iv

Sifre ... 'Emeq HaNe,iv. Naftali Sevi Yehudah Berlin Oerusalem,

SifPardo

Sefer Sifre debe Rab. David Pardo (Salonika, 1799. Repr.: Jerusa-

SiNolk

Sifre . . . 'im hagahot . . . HaGRA ve'im perush Keter Kehunah. Sevi

1960). lem, 1970).

SifYasq Simon Slotki Smith re Cohen Sot. Sotah-Computer

Hirsch Hakkohen Volk. Ed. Ya'aqob Hakkohen Volk Oerusalem, 1954). Sifre Zutta leSeder Bamidbar .. . 'Ambuha > deSifre. Ya'aqob Ze'eb Yaskobitz (Lodz, 1929, repr.: Bene Beraq, 1967) I-II. Maurice Simon, Gittin. Translated into English with Notes, Glossary, and Indices (London, 1936). Israel W. Slotki, Yebamoth. Translated into English with Notes, Glossary, and Indices (London, 1936). Morton Smith, review, Boaz Cohen, Jewish and Roman Law, Journal of Biblical Literature 1967, 86:238-241. Sotah David E. Y. Sarna, Lawrence H. Schiffman, David Wm. Siktberg, and Michael]. Strassfeld, A Computer-AidedEdition ofthe Tosefta Sotah. According to Codex Vienna. With variants from Codex Erfert and Editio Princeps (Venice, 1521) (Waltham, 1970).

Suk. Swirlier

T. T

Ta. Tavard Tern. Ter. Toh. TR

T.Y. TYB TYT TYY

Sukkah Leonard Swidler, Women in Judaism. The Status of Women in FormativeJudaism (Metuchen, 1976). Uncritical, ignorant, and polemical: Nothing more than an unanalyzed collection of sayings, embellished with hostile sermons. Poorly written, poorly conceived, poorly executed. Tosefta Sidre Mishnah. Neziqin, Qodoshim, Tohorot. Ketab yad Yerushalayim, 1336. Ketab Yad beniqud left' massoret Teman. (Repr.: Jerusalem,

1970). Introduction by S. Morag. Ta'anit George H. Tavard, Woman in Christian Tradition (Notre Dame, 1973). Temurah Terumot Tohorot Saul Lieberman, Tosefet Rishonim. II. Seder Nashim, Neziqin, Qodoshim Oerusalem, 1938). Tebul Yorn · Tife'ret Yisra'el Bo'az. See TYY. Tosafot Yom Tob. Yorn Tob Lipman Heller, 1579-1654. From reprint..of--Mishnah, ed. Romm. Tife'ret Yisra'el, Ya/chin. Israel ben Gedaliah Lipschutz, 17821860. (With supercommentary of Baruch Isaac Lipschutz = TYB.) From reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm.

Unknown

Mishnah. Sedarim Zeraim, Moed, Nashim. Unknown Edition. Printed in Pisaro or Constantinople. Oerusalem, 1970).

Uqs.

'Uq~in

.v

Talmud· l3abli. Nidpas 'al yedi Daniel Bomberg bishenat 5282 [ =

v•

1552]. Venezia. (Venice, 1522). (Repr.: Jerusalem, Talmud Babli . .. [as above]. Zebabim.

1971).

ABBREVIATIONS

Vat 130

Vat110 Vat 112 Vat 111 Vermes, English

=

Vermes, Perspective Wilson, Patterns Wilson, Sects Wolff

Wright, F. A. Wright, Helena

Y. Y.T. Yad. Yadin

-

Yaron Yeivin

AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY

XIX

Manuscripts efthe Babylonian Talmud. From the Collection of the Vatican Library. Oerusalem, 1972). Series A. Vol. III. Vat. Ehr. 130: Ketubot, Gitlin. As above: Sotah, Nedarim, Nazir. Manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud. From the Collection of the Vatican Library Oerusalem, 1974). Series B. Vol. IV. Ketubot. As above: Vol. VI. Yebamot, Qiddushin. Geza Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls in English (Harmondsworth,

1975). Geza Vermes, The Dead Sea Scrolls. Qµmran in Perspective (London, 1977). Bryan R. Wilson, ed., Patterns of Sectarianism. Organisation and Ideology in Social and Religious Movements (London, 1967). Bryan Wilson, Religious Sects. A SociologicalStudy (N. Y. & Toronto, 1970). Hans Julius Wolff, "Marriage Law and Family Organization in Ancient Athens. A Study on the Interrelation of Public and Private Law in the Greek City," Traditio 1944, 2:43-95. F. A. Wright, Feminism in Greek Literature. From Homer to Aristotle (London, 1923). Helena Wright, Sex and Society (Seattle, 1968). Yerushalmi. Palestinian Talmud. Yorn Toh Yadayim Yigael Yadin, Bar Kokhba. The Rediscovery efthe Legendary Hero efthe Secondjewish Revolt against Rome (N.Y., 1971). Reuven Yaron, Introduction to the Law ef the Aramaic Papyri (Oxford, 1961). Israel Yeivin, A Collection of Mishnaic Geniza Fragments with Babylonian Vocalization. With Description of the Manuscripts and Indices

Oerusalem, 1974). Yebamot M. S. Zuckermandel, Tosephta. Based on Erfurt and Vienna Codices (Repr.: Jerusalem, 1963).

Yeb.

z Zab. Zeb. Zinserling

ZY

Zabim

ZebaJ:iim Verena Zinserling, Women in Greece and Rome (N.Y., Translated from the German by L.A. Jones. = Zera'y1j!iaq. By Yi~J:iaql:layyot (Brooklyn, 1960). =

1973).

TRANSLITERATIONS N :.i

tl =

B

G

~ =

M

l =

N

0

s