A History of the Mishnaic Law of Purities, Part 14: Miqvaot: Literary and Historical Problems (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity) 9781597529389, 1597529389

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STUDIES IN JUDAISM IN LATE ANTIQUITY EDITED BY

JACOB NEUSNER

VOLUME SIX

A HISTORY OF THE MISHNAIC LAW OF. PURITIES PART FOURTEEN

A HISTORY OF THE MISHNAIC LAW OF PURITIES PART FOURTEEN

A HISTORY OF THE MISHNAIC LAW OF PURITIES BY

JACOB NEUSNER University Professor Professor of Religious Studies The Ungerleider Distinguished Scholar of Judaic Studies Brown University

PART FOURTEEN

MIQVAOT LITERARY AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMS

Wipf&Stock PUBLISHERS Eugene,Oregon

Wipf and Stock Publishers 199 W 8th Ave, Suite 3 Eugene, OR 97401 A History of the Mishnaic Law of Purities, Part 14 Miqvaot: Literary and Historical Problems By Neusner, Jacob Copyright©1976 by Neusner, Jacob ISBN 13: 978-1-59752-938-9 ISBN 10: 1-59752-938-9 Publication date 3/19/2007 Previously published by E. J. Brill, 1976

For Abraham Goldberg Teacherand Friend

CONTENTS Preface Abbreviations and Bibliography , . Transliterations.

IX

XIII , XVIII

1

Introduction XII. Mishnah-Tosefta Miqvaot. Translation XIII. Mishnah and Tosefta . i. The Relationship between Mishnah arid Tosefta ii. The Organization and Redaction of Tosefta : iii. Tosefta as Commentary to Mishnah . iv. Tosefta as a Corpus of Autonomous Mafietials. v. The Two Sources of Tosefta . vi. The Two Sources of Tosefta: Literary Traits·; 1. Forms . 2. Attributions \· vu. Cumulative Summary viii. Conclusion .,. '. .,. '•--
ot," Jewish Encyclopedia 8:587-588. Leviticus Baruch A. Levine, In the Presence of the Lord (Leiden, 1974). Saul Lieberman, Tosefeth Rishonim. A Commentary. BaJed on Manuscripts of the Tosefta and Works of the Rishonim and Midrashim and Rare Editions. III. Kelim-Niddah. IV. Mikwaoth-Uktzin (Jeruselem, 1939). Used: IV, pp. 1-48. Saul Lieberman[n}, HaY erushalmi Kifshuto (Jerusalem, 1934) Part I, Vol. 1. See Tos. Reng. Babylonian Talmud Codex Munich (95). (Reprint: Jerusalem, 1971). Mishnah Mishnah Al;aronah. Ephraim Isaa.c of Przemysl. Published in 1882. From reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm. Macaserot Mishnayot macaJeh ':lereg-penezaqqen. By Yi~l_i.aqYehudah Ye\1iel Safrin (Levov-Lemberg, 1862) Vol. VI. Meir ben Barukh of Rothenberg (1215-1293). See Sens Mishnah c;m perush Rabbenu Moshe ben Maimon. Trans. Joseph David Qappal_i..VI. Seder Tohorot (Jerusalem, 1967). The Code of Maimonides. Book Ten. The Book of Cleanness, trans. Herbert Danby (New Haven, 1954), pp. 495-535. Makhshirin

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Me. Melamed Men. Miq. ML M.Q. M.S. MS MT N Nazir Nid. Num. Nusar Oh. p

Pa Par. PB Pedersen Pes. PZ QA Qid. QS QZ Rabad Rabad, Sifra Rappaport Reymond R.H. Rosh RSS San. Segal

xv

MeCiJah E. Z. Melamed, Hayyabas · sheben midrashe halakhah lamislmah velatosefta (Jerusalem, 1967). Mena!Jot Miqva'ot Mishneh LaMalekh. Commentary to Maimonides, Mishneh Torah. Judah Rosannes 1657-1727. For source, see KM. MoCed Qafan Ma'aser Sheni MeleJkhet Shelomo. Shelomo bar Joshua Adeni, 1567-1625. From reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm. Mayyim Tahorim. Judah Leb Edel Halevi of Bialystok, 5577 (= 1817}. From reprint of Mishnah in Babylonian Talmud; Mishnah c;m perush HaRambam. Defus rishon Napoli {5}252 (1492) (Jerusalem, 1970). Nazir Niddah Numbers Y. N. Epstein, Mavo lenusar hamishnah (Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, 19542 ). Ohalot Shishah sidre mishnah. Ketav yad Parma DeRossi 138 (Jerusalem, 1970). Mishnah ketav yad PariJ. Paris 328-329 (Jerusalem, 1973). Parah Mishnah Codex Parma "B" De Rossi 497. Seder Teharoth. Introduction by M. Bar Asher (Jerusalem, 1971). Johs. Pedersen, Israel. Its Life and Culture (London and Copenhagen, 1940) I-IV. Pesa.]:iim Pene Zaqqen. For source, see Ma. Er. Qorban Aharon. Aaron Ibn l;Iayyim (d. 1632), Qorban Aharon. Perush lasefer Sifra (Dessau, 1749). Qiddushin Qol Sofer. l;Iaim Sofer. From Qevufal meforshe hamishnah (Jerusalem, 1962) Vol. VI. Qol Haramaz. Moshe Zakhuta. From Qevufat meforshe hamishnah (Jerusalem, 1962) Vol. VI. Supercommentary to Maimonides, Code. R. Abraham ben David. Commentary to Sifra. From ed. Weiss. $evi Hirsch Hakohen Rappaport, Torat Kohanim, with the commentaries CE:,ratKohanim and Tosafot HaCEzrah (Jerusalem, 1972). Philippe Reymond, L' eau, sa vie, et sa signification dans l'Ancien Testament (Leiden, 1958). Rosh Hashanah Asher b. Yel;liel, Hilkhot miqvaJot. For source, see Sens. See Strashun. Sanhedrin M. H. Segal, Mikwaoth. Translated into English with Notes, in I. Epstein, ed., The Babylonian Talmud. Seder Tohoroth (London, 1948: The Soncino Press) pp. 419-462.

XVI

Sens

Shah Shav. Shev. Sifra Fink

Sifra Hillel Sifra ed. Weiss Sot. Strashun Suk.

T T. Ta. Tan.

Telushkin Tern. 'Ier. Tif. Jacob Toh. Tos. Reng.

Tos. Zuck.

TR T.Y. TYB

TYT TYY Uqs. V

ABBREVIATIONS

AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Samson ben Abraham of Sens, ca. 1150-1230. From reprint of Mishnah Seder Tohorot in Babylonian Talmud, ed. Romm. (Vilna, 1887). Shabbat Shavucot Shevicit Sifra or Tordl Kohmim. According to Codex As.1ema11iLXVI. With a Hebrew Introduction by Louis Finkelstein (N.Y., 1956). Sifra. With the Commentary of Hillel b. R. Eliaqim. Ed. by Shakhna Koleditzky (Jerusalem, 1961). Vol. II. Sifra, ed. Isaac Hirsch Weiss (Repr. N.Y., 1947). Soiah Samuel ben Joseph Strashun, 1791-1872. From reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm. Sukkah Sid,e Mishnah. Neziqin, Qodoshim, Tohorot. Ketav yad Yernshalayfm, 1336. Ketav yad beniqud lefi massoret Teman. (Reprint: Jerusalem, 1970). Introduction by S. Morag. Tosefta Tacanit Y. N. Epstein, Mevo 0 ot lesifrut hatanna::>im.Mish11ah, tosefta umidrashe ha/1ihh,1h. Edited by E. Z. Melamed (Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, l 957). N. Telushkin, Tohorat .M,1yyim (3rd ed., N.Y., 1964). Temurah Terumot Tiferet Yacaqov. Jacob ~evi Shapira. From reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm. '.fohorot Karl Heinrich Rengstorf, ed., Rabbinische T exte. Erste Reihe. Die Tosefta. Text. Vbersetzung, Erklarung, Herausgegeben von Gerhard Kittel und Karl Heinrich Rengstorf. Band 6. Seder Tohr1rot. Text, Vhersetzung, Erklarung. Kelim, ,1hilot. Edited by '){falter \Vindfuhr. Toharot-Uksin, edited by Gerhard Lisowsky, Gunter Mayer, Karl Heinrich Rengstorf, and Emanuel Scheresche,vsky. (Stuttgart, 1953-1967). T. Miq. is the work of Gerhard Lisowsky. T. + page and line references are to this edition, followed throughout: VI, 2, pp. 258-286. Tosephta. Based on the Erfurt and Vienna Codices, with parallels and variants, by M. S. Zuckermandel (Repr. Jerusalem, 1963). See Lieberman, TR. '.fevul Yorn Tiferet Yisra"el, Boaz. See TYY. Tosafot Yom Tov. Yorn Tov Lipman Heller, 1579-165 i. From reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm. Tiferet Yisra)e!, Yakhin, Israel ben Gedaliah Lipschcitz, 1782-1860. (With supercommentary of Baruch Isaac Lipschutz = TYB), from reprint of Mishnah, ed. Romm. cuq~in Seder fohorot c;m perush, .. Moshe bar Maimon. Nidpas

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wiener y.

Y.T. Yad. Yev. ZA Zab. Zev.

XVII

cat yede Daniel Bamberg bishenat 5282 [ = 1522}. Venezia. (Venice, 1522'. Reprint: Jerusalem, 1971). M. Y. Weiner, Qovet rishonim lehilkhot Niddah umassekhet Miqvalot (Jerusalem, 1973). Y erushalmi. Palestinian Talmud. Yorn 'fov Yadayim Yevamot ZeraC Avraham. Seder r ohorot. YaCaqov Binyamin Zelev Kahana Yakimovsky (Vilna, 1913). Zabim Zeval:tim

ADDENDUM Duprez

A. Duprez. Jesus et les dieux guerisseurs. A propos de Jean,

V. Cahiers de la revue biblique 12 (Paris, 1970).

TRANSLITERATIONS Cl:O=M

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l'J D

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B

G D H

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l

f p

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p $

=

Q

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R

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= Z = J:I

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i,

= T

V)

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- T

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7 =>= K 1,

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li

s s

INTRODUCTION Purification is the work of nature. Through immersion in rainwater, falling from heaven, collected naturally and not through human agency, men and utensils alike become clean of cultic uncleanness. That is the single principle intended by the diverse laws of our tractate, a principle familiar from Parah, which stresses that the water of purification is drawn and mixed without labor extraneous to the rite. Just as, in the latter instance, work not intrinsic to the drawing of the water and the mixing of the ashes therein spoils the water, so in the present tractate, work will spoil the water, in particular, if the water is drawn or conveyed in utensils, that is, other than by natural means. The examination of the sequence of legal themes and ideas in both tractates, moreover, shows that in each one the stated principle is not only fundamental, but also taken for granted in the earliest assigned pericopae. Miqvaot is a closed system, built upon the twin-notions that drawn water does not purify and spoils fit water if said water is in insufficient volume, and, conversely, that rain-water, in sufficient volume, purifies exactly as spring water ("living" or bubbling water) purifies. Contamination or uncleanness is imparted by things which disturb the economy of nature. It is imparted to what is whole, complete, useful-normal. It is removed through the action of nature's element, water. When the water has not been abstracted from the natural economy through human agency, it restores the economy of nature. The use, in particular, of water for bathing and purification is routine, of course, and by itself tells us little about the meaning attached to water or the purpose of immersion. Josephus's extended picture of the Essenes, for example, tells us that at the fifth hour, the Essenes bathe their bodies in cold water; "after this purification, they assemble in a private apartment . . . pure now themselves, they repair to the refectory as to some sacred shrine" (War 2:129-130). "If a senior member of the order is touched by a junior, he must take a bath as after contact with an alien" (War 2:150). The Pharisees at the same passage (2:166) are not said to take baths. The later passage on the sects (Antiquities 18:12-25) omits the matter of immersion in water with reference both to the Essenes and to the Pharisees. We are told only that the Essenes employ "a different

2

INTRODUCTION

ritual of purification" (Antiquities 18:19). We have already noted (Part XIII, pp. 21-22) that the Zadokite laws include a reference to appropriate volume of water for covering the body; self-evidently the Essene community at Qumran engaged in the practice of bathing for the purpose of purification. Accordingly, the basic conception of the tractate, that one immerses in water for the purpose of purification, is shared among other sects. Further, as Josephus makes very clear, the purification, in the case of the Essenes, was connected with eating a meal as in "some sacred shrine." Accordingly, the principal idea of the tractate is as much Essene as it is Pharisaic, or, to put matters more simply, it is not quintessentially Pharisaic in origin. But the law of the tractate unfolds, from that basic principle, in a linear and cogent way, from the authorities of the end of the first century B.C. to those of the mid-second century. Conceptions of immersion and the sorts of water effective for that purpose other than those taken for granted in the earliest stratum of the tractate never are raised for examination and rejection. The tractate is selfcontained, insulated from notions contrary to its own data. That is a sign of its nurture by a sect not in close, therefore polemical, relationship with other sects. The tractate takes for granted that immersion is for the purpose of eating a meal; its few sayings on the reason one immerses and the diverse pools in which one may immerse for various purposes, at Chapter One, focus upon washing of hands and the familiar trilogy of unconsecrated food, heave-offering, and Holy Things. We may notice, therefore, that the conception of immersion for the purpose of washing away sin is wholly alien to our tractate, and the concommitant immersion, or baptism, of proselytes makes no appearance. To be sure, the tractate does not contain Mishnah's last word on the subject. (M. Pes. 8 :8 leaves no doubt on the matter.) But its definition of its problem and purpose cannot be ignored. We deal with immersion-pools constructed primarily for purification for cultic purity, including commensality. In his classic article on the origin of baptism, N. A. Dahl stresses that for the Essene community at Qumran, moral purity was symbolized by bathing in the immersion-pool, a notion we find strikingly absent in our tractate: Even apart from the temple the ritual ablutions could be retained; esp. in CDC they are often mentioned. But the essential purity is the inner one: "And none of those who enter the house of worship shall enter when he is unclean (even though) washed" (CDC ll:21f.).

INTRODUCTION

3

Without sincere conversion a man "cannot purify himself by atonement, nor cleanse himself with water-for-impurity, nor sanctify himself with seas or rivers, nor cleanse himself with any water for washing" (DSD 3:4-5 Brownlee's translation). It is only through the Spirit of God's true counsel (council?) that a man is purified, and through the submission of his soul to all God's ordinances that his flesh will be cleansed, so that he may be sprinkled with waterfor-impurity and sanctify himself with rippling ( ?) water" (3:7-9). As is already well-known, this passage resembles in a strikingly way the account of the baptism of John, given by Josephus ( Ant. 18: 11 7) . According to him, this baptism was a purification of the body, the soul being previously cleansed by righteousness. In another passage from the Manual of Discipline it is stated that none of the "perverse men" (5:10) shall "enter into water (in order) to touch the Purity of the holy men, for they will not be cleansed unless they have turned from their wickedness, for uncleanness clings to all transgressors of his word" (5:13f.). I am inclined to understand this text as an ordinance, not to let any unworthy person be admitted to the ritual baths of the community, which are the precondition for personal, bodily contact with its members. The ablutions will not profit him, as long as he has not really repented. The baptism inaugurated by John the Baptist, by contrast, bears eschatological valence, is not repeated, and stands in direct relationship to the moral, not the cultic, condition of the person to be immersed. Following Dahl's hypothesis, we must conclude that there is no cogent relationship whatever between the immersion of which our tractate speaks and that of such crucial importance in early Christianity. Dahl states the matter as follows: John is not a, "teacher of righteousness" giving ordinances to a pure community of holy men. He is a prophet of doom, proclaiming the coming catastrophe and calling to one single, urgent act of conversion. His baptism was not a regular rite in the life of a separate community, but a preparatory, eschatological initiation, which could not be repeated. The hypothesis put forward here would presuppose that John has conceived the assembly of those who are saved, in terms of a great, eschatological festival, for which baptism was the preparation. This can probably not be strictly proved, but it is likely, as it conforms to the general patterns of Jewish (and Christian) eschatology. It is confirmed by the words of the Baptist concerning the mightier one, who would baptize with Spirit and fire. The original idea will here be that of an immersion in fire, analogous to the immersion in water. Fire is a means of purification of a higher order than that of water. The idea of a baptism in fire is also found in Jewish texts; mostly it is said that the angels who perform the heavenly worship are

4

INTRODUCTION

cleansed or created anew in the river of fire. But the idea that men also are purified and renewed in fire, in order to be able to approach God, has not been completely foreign to Judaism. It seems quite clear that this baptism in fire is imagined as the higher counterpart to the water-baptism which the priests had to undergo before they perform their liturgy in the temple on earth. The fiery river in heaven corresponds to the "rivers" (fountain, basin) in the temple on earth. The baptism in fire which John announced, therefore not only predicts the annihilation of sinners in fire, but also the purification and renewal of those who are to be members of the heavenly, eschatological assembly of the people of God. That also the Spirit is mentioned in this connection, might, as some scholars have assumed, be due to a Christian interpretation and alteration of the word of the Baptist. But already Judaism knows the idea that lustrations and purity are necessary to obtain the gift of the Spirit. According to Isaiah 4:4 the eschatological purification is brought about by "a spirit of judgment and of burnings." And in the Manual of Discipline it is stressed that not water, but the (holy) spirit working within the community effects the essential, inner purification (DSD 3:6-8). In the saying of John, Spirit should therefore, like fire, be understood as the higher, essential element of purification, the baptism with Spirit and fire being the entrance-rite for those who are to appear before God in the assembly of the redeemed ( cf. also DSD 4:20f.). This baptism will be performed by a mightier one, the water-baptism of John being only a humble, earthly prefiguration of it . . . . A subsidiary argument can be found in the fact that later Christian baptismal rituals have conserved elements, which originally go back to the Jewish tebilah. The rule found in the Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus, that women shall have loosed their hair and laid aside their ornaments and that nobo, 82 1:19 XIII 50; XIV 18, 67, 75, 82 1:20 XIII 50; XIV 18, 67, 75, 82 Ch, 2 XIII 42, 56 2:1 XIII 53; XIV 19, 67, 72, 75, 95, 100, 144 2:1-12 XIII 42; XIV 79, 82 2:2 XIII 53; XIV 19, 67, 75, 100, 144 2:2-12 XIV 66, 72, 92 2:3 XIII 54; XIV 19, 67, 75, 100, 144

226

INDEX TO PARTS XIII AND XIV

2:4 XIII 54-55; XIV 19-20, 67, 75, 100, 10S, 144 2:5 XIII 56-57; XIV 20, 67, 75, 80, 89, 100, 143 2:6 XIII 57-60; XIV 20-21, 67, 7S 2:6-12 XIV 100, 107, 143-44, 189 2:7 XIII 58, 60-61; XIV 21, 67, 75 2:8 XIII 59-61; XIV 21-22, 67, 75 2:9 XIII 63-65; XIV 22, 67, 75 2:9-10 XIII 62 2:10 XIII 64-65; XIV 22-23, 67, 75 2:11 XIII 62, 66; XIV 23, 67, 75 2:12 XIII 67; XIV 23, 67, 69, 78 3:1 XIII 70-71, 133, 156; XIV 24, 67-69, 74, 76, 78, 81, 88, 101, 108, 125, 131, 135, 137, 139-40, 174, 181, 189 3:2 XIII 71-72, 78-79; XIV 24-26, 67, 69, 72, 75, 78-80, 82, 89, 95, 104-105, 107, 128-29, 135-37, 141, 176, 182, 188 3:3 XIII 43, 72, 78-79; XIV 25, 28, 67, 69, 74, 76, 78, 81, 83, 95, 107, 135, 188 3:4 XIII 80, 87; XIV 26-28, 67, 69, 72, 74-76, 78-79, 81-84, 90, 92, 100, 104-105, 107-108, 115, 119, 175, 182, 186 3:5 XIII 88; XIV 28, 67, 69, 76, 80, 82, 105, 151 3:5-6 XIV 72, 92 3:6 XIII 88, 109; XIV 28, 67, 69, 76, 79, 82, 105, 145, 185 3:6-8 XIV 78 3:7 XIII 93, 141; XIV 40, 68-69, 73, 80, 82, 93, 101, 160 3:8 XIII 91, 93; XIV 30, 68-69, 72, 76, 79-80, 82, 92, 104, 129, 184 3:9 XIII 94; XIV 30, 68, 76, 81, 89, 94, 104, 149, 182 3:9-10 XIII 95 3:9-14 XIII 82; XIV 69, 74, 78 3: 10 XIII 94; XIV 30, 68, 76, 81, 94, 102, 105, 185 3:10-12 XIV 74, 104, 182 3:11 XIII 95; XIV 30, 68, 76, 81, 94, 10S, 185 3:11-12 XIII 95 3:12 XIII 95; XIV 30-31, 68, 76, 81, 94 3:13 XIII 95; XIV 31, 68, 74, 76, 81, 83, 94, 149, 164 3:14 XIII 96; XIV 31, 68, 72, 76,

78, 80-82, 94-95, 109, 129 4:1 XIII 102, 104, 108; XIV 32, 68, 872, 78, 82, 100, 147 4:2 XIII 106; XIV 33, 68, 74, 76, 79, 82-83, 90, 108, 138, 176, 190 4:2-4 XIV 78 4:3 XIII 106-107; XIV 33, 68, 74, 76, 81, 83, 95, 101, 108, 157 4:4 XIII 107, 128; XIV 33, 68, 74, 76, 81, 83, 96, 108, 166 4:5 XIII 107, 128; XIV 37, 68, 72, 76, 80, 82, 96, 101, 166 4:6 XIII 110-11; XIV 34, 68, 74, 76, 83, 95 4:6-8 XIV 78 4:7 XIII 110-11; XIV 34-35, 68, 74, 76, 83, 95 4:8 XIII 113, 116, 123, 128-29; XIV 35, 37-38, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 79-83, 95-96, 101, 107, 149, 15657, 186 4:8-10 XIV 78 4:9 XIII 118, 120; XIV 36, 68, 70, 72, 76, 80, 82, 96, 100, 120 4:10 XIII 129; XIV 38, 68, 70, 72, 76, 78, 82, 87, 103, 111, 181 5:1 XIII 134-35; XIV 38-39, 68, 73, 76, 80, 82, 90, 106, 187 5:1-14 XIV 78 5:2 XIII 136, 144; XIV 39-40, 68, 73, 76, 79-80, 82, 90, 96, 106, 15455, 187 5:3 XIII 131, 139-40; XIV 39, 68, 76, 80, 82, 96, 101, 160 5:4 XIII 145, 147; XIV 41-42, 68, 158 73, 76, 79-80, 82, 96, 101, 148, 154, 158 5:5 XIII 151; XIV 42, 68, 73, 76, 82, 96, 101, 105, 159 5:6 XIII 152; XIV 43, 68, 73, 76, 79, 82, 90, 106, 156, 187 5:7 XIII 155; XIV 43-44, 68, 73, 76, 80, 82, 90, 107, 140, 188 5:8 XIII 157, 164; XIV 44-45, 68, 73, 76, 79-80, 82, 86, 90, 105-106, 119, 139, 176, 185, 187 5:9 XIII 164; XIV 45-46, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 96, 101, 114 5:10 XIII 166; XIV 46-47, 68, 73, 77, 82, 96, 101, 106, 142 5:10-11 XIV 80 5:11 XIII 167; XIV 47, 68, 73,

BIBLICAL AND TALMUDIC 77. 82, 96, 101, 106, 142 5: 12 xm 169; XIV 48, 68, 73, 77, 79, 82, 90, 106, 133, 187 5:13 xm 169; XIV 48, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 96, 106, 131, 187 5:11 XIII 171; XIV 48-49, 68, 7'\, 77, 79, 82, 93, 101, 165, 187 6:1 XIII 175-76; XIV 19, 68, 73-71, 77-78, 80, 82, 90, 107-108, 120, 190 6:2 XIII 176; XIV 19-50, 68, 74, 81, 83, 87, 108, 190 6:2-3 XIV 101, 107, 120 6:2-4 XIV 78 6:3 XIII 176; XIV 50, 68, 74, 81, 83, 105 6:4 XIII 177; XIV 50, 68, 7'!, 81, 83, 96, 101, l 20 6:5 xnr 180; XIV 51, 68, 73, 77, 79, 82, 91, 106, 186 6:5-8 XIV 120 6:5-10 XIV 78 6:6 XIII 180: XIV 51, 68, 73, 7779, 82, 89, 104 6:7 XIII 180; XIV 51-52, 68, 73, 77, 81 6:7-8 XIV 82, 91, 109 6:8 XIII 189-90; XIV 52, 51, 68, 70, 73, 77, 79, 81-82, 86, 91, J 08, 162, 169 6:9 XIII 191; XIV 54, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 102, 169 6: 10 XIII 191; XIV 54, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 91, 102, 169 6:10-21 XIV 73 6:11 XIII 196; XIV 56, 67-68, 74, 77, 81, 83, 96, !02, 169 6:11-13 XIV 78 6:12 XIII 197: XIV 56, 68, 70, 74, 77, 81, 83, 106, 169 6:12-13 XIV 186 6:12-24 XIV 67 6: 13 XflJ 192, 197; XIV 54, 57, 68, 73-74. 77, 79, 81-83, 97, 102, 106, l 69, 186 6: 13-11 XIV 86, 119 6:13-24 XTV 78 6:14 XIII 192, 198; XIV 55, 57, 68, 73, 77, 79, 82, 91, I 02, 106, 169, 186 6:15 XIII 198-99; XIV 57, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 97, 102, 169 6: 16 XIII 198-99; XIV 57, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 97, 102, 169

REFERENCES

227

6:17 XIII 199; XIV 57-58, 68, 73, 77, 79, 82, 94, 97, 107-108, 162, 188 6:17-18 XIV 104, 184 6: l8 XIII 199; XIV 58, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 169 6:19 xm 201-205; XIV 59, 68, 7'•. 77, 80, 82, 95, 102, 163 6:20 XIII 205-206; XIV 59, 68, 70. 77, 80, 82, 95, 102, 163 6:20-2·1 XIV 101 6:21 XIII 205-206; XIV 59, 68, 77, 80, 82, 95, J 02, 163 6:22 XIII 206; XIV 59, 68, 73, 77, 79, 82, 102, 163 6:23 XIII 206; XIV 59, 68, 73, 77, 80, 82, 89, 102, 104, 131, 163, 181, 184 6:23-24 XIII 201 6:2°i xm 206; XIV 59-60, 68, 7\ 77, 79, 82, 95, 102, 104, 106, 16'>, 181, 184, 186 7:l XIII 192; XIV 55, 68, 77-80. 82, 96, 168 7:1-2 XIV 106 7:1-JO XIV 78 7:2 XIII 209; XIV 61, 68, 73, 7780, 82, 97, 102 7:2-3 XIV 170 7:3 XIIJ 209-11; XIV 61, 68, 73, 77, 79-80, 82, 89, 97, 104, 106, 164, 187 7:4 xm 213; XIV 62, 73, 78, 80, 82, 91, 106, 167, 186-87 7:5 XIII 214; XIV 63, 68, 78, 82 7:5-7 XIII 203; XIV 73, 79, 9,i. 102, 105, 165, 185 7:6 XIII 214; XIV 63, 68, 78, 82. 89, 106, 109, 186 7:7 XIII 215; XIV 63, 68, 78, 82, 106 7:8 XIII 217; XIV 64, 68, 73, 78, 80, 82, 94, 165 7:8-9 XIV 102 7:9 XIII 217; XIV M-65, 68, 73, 78, 81-82, 91, 94, 106, 162, 16'5. 187 7:1() XIII 193; XIV 55, 68, 77, 8182, 91, 109, 165, 170 7:11 xm 193, 219; XIV 65, 68, 7 i. 78, 81, 83, 87, 104

Oholot 4:6 XIIJ 128

228 Parah 8:5

INDEX TO PARTS XIII AND XIV

6:3 XIII 42, 61 6:4 XIII 62 9:15 XIII 128 12:3 XIII 217

XIV 133

Tohorot 5:6 XIII 28

SIFRA AND OTHER MIDRASHIM

Avot de R. Nathan 10 XIII 225 15:3 XIII 224

Sifra Me~orac Zabim 6:5 XIII 178 6:6 XIII 180

Mekhilta Ba.l}odesh III Vol. II XIII 178 6:113 XIII 225

Sifra Shemini IX:1 XIII IX:2 XIII IX:3 XIII IX:4 XIII

Mekhilta Pis[:ia 16:62 XIII 225

220-21; XIV 146, 166 221-22; XIV 158 222 ... XIV 122 222-23; XIV 106, 142-43

Sifre I:luqqat 124 XIII 37 Sifre Numbers 124 XIII 219

Mekhilta Shirata 3:28-39 XIII 225

PALESTINIAN TALMUD cAvodah Zarah

5:4

Qiddushin 1:1 XIII 108

XIII 173, 175

Berakhot 3:4 XIII 90 Gigin 3:8

Shahbat 1:4 XIII 99

XIII 45

Terumot 5:2 XIII 161 8:2 XIII 50

I:lagigah 2:6 XIII 168 3:1 XIII 181 MoCed Qaµn 1:1 XIII 37

Yevamot 1:6 XIII 108 BABYLONIAN TALMUD

BavaJ BatraJ 65b XIII 102 Cfauvin 25a XIX 25b XIII 29b XIII 35b XIII 83a XIII

107, 143 47; XIV 105, 185 165 41, 44 215

19a-b XIII 124 21b XIII 146 22a XIII 131, 136-38

Gigin 16a XIII 90, 168 31b XIII 45

I:lullin 16a 24b 25b 26a 31a 71b 73a

I:lagigah 19a XII 87, 128, 168; XIV 116

Keritot 13a XIII 214-15

XIII 102 XIII 178 XIII 161 XIII 164, 167 XIII 124 XIII 216 XIII 211

BIBLICAL AND TALMUDIC REFERENCES

Makhshirin 3b XIII 165 3b-4a XIII 167 4a XIII 167 Niddah 2b XIII 50 34a XIII 178 43a XIII 178 58b XIII 67 66b XIII 181 67a XIII 191 Qiddushin 66b XIII 50 79a XIII 45, 50 Shabbat 13b XIV 101, 124, 149-50 13b-14a XIV 185 14a XIV 124 15b XIII 194, 198 16b XIII 99-100 57b XIII 185

65b 86a 109a 114a 120b 144b 153a

XIII 121 XIII 178 XIII 120 XIII 194, 196 XIII 191 XIII 165 XIII 225

Sukkah 19b XIII 79, 161 Temurah 12a XIII 106 12b XIII 90-91 Yevamot 15a XIII 99, 108-109; XIV 154 47b XIII 196 82b XIII 161 Zevaliim 22a XIII 161 25b XIII 121; XIV 194 78b XIII 213 MAIMONIDES

Immersion Pools 1:9 XIII 171 2:1 XIII 189, 192 2:2 XIII 191 2:3 XIII 190 2:4 XIII 190 2:4-5 XIII 189 2:7 XIII 189 2:9 XIII 193 2:9-10 XIII 189 2:11 XIII 182 2:13 XIII 181-82 2:14 XIII 189 2:22 XIII 196 3:1 XIII 193, 198 3:1-5 XIII 195 3:2 XIII 198 3:4 XIII 196 3:8 XIII 199 3:9 XIII 200 3:10 XIII 195 3:11 XIII 205 3:11-14 XIII 204 3:18 XIII 212 3:20 XIII 198 3:21-22 XIII 209-10 3:22 XIII 210

229

3:23 XIII 207 3:25 XIII 211 3:26 XIII 139 4:1-3 XIII 74 4:4 XIII 100 4:8 XIII 106 4: 10 XIII 105 5:1 XIII 90 5:2 XIII 89 5:3 XIII 144 5:6 xm 84, 86 5:7 XIII 70 5:8 XIII 72 5:9 XIII 29 6:4 XIII 111 6:5 XIII 101 6:6 XIII 103-104 6:7 XIII 142 6:8 XIII 144 6:9 XIII 145 6:11 XIII 154 6:12-13 XIII 157 6:14 XIII 141 7:1 XIII 165 7:5-6 XIII 161 7:9 XIII 166-67 7:10-11 XIII 167

230

INDEX TO PARTS

8: 1 XIII 125, 134 XIII 135 8:1 XIII 135 8:5 XIII 152 8:6 XIII 147 8:7 XIII 149 8:8 XIII 87 8: 12 XIII 168, 170 9:1 XIII 17 9:2 XIII 37 9:1 XIII 39 9:6 XIII 38 8:2

9:7 9:8

XIII

38

XIII 38, 115 9:9 XIII 115 9:10 XIII 117 9:11 XIII 39, 118 9:13 XIII 121 9: 14 XIII 123 9:16 XIII 125 9:17 XIII 124 9:18 XIII 128 10:12 XIII 52 10:3 XIII 53

xm

AND XlV

10:1

XIII 54

10:5

xm

175

10:6 XII.I 45 10:1 xm 59, 63-65 10:8 XIII 66 Other Fathers of Uncleanness 5:6 XIII 178 5:11-B XIII 178 9:2 XIII 94

9:4 XIII 94-95 14:2 XIII 56 14: 12 XIII 56 Red Heifer

6:9

XIV 194

Uncleanness of Foodstuffs 2:21 XIII 212

xrn

2:26

28 XIII 18 15:2-3 XIII 27 15:3 XIII 28 15:4 XIII 24, 28 15:1

MIDRASH RABBAH Genesis 1:4 XIII 225

Leviticus

34:3 36:1

XIII 224 XUI 225

JOSEPHUS Antiquities

18:12-15 XN 1 18:19 XIV 2 18:117 XIV 22

War 2:129-30 XIV 1 2:150 XIV 1

2:166

XIV 1

GENERAL INDEX Abba Eleazar b. DolacJi, diverse sorts of water, XIII 79, XIV 26, 108 Abba Joseph, diverse sorts of water, XIV 72, 80, 92, 95; use of pool, ·XIV 80 Abbaye, grades for gathering water, XIV 124 Abba Y ose b. l;fanan, diverse sorts of water, XIII 82, 91-93; XIV 30, 82, 104, 129, 184 Abraham, I., XIII 138; XIV 207 Albeck, l;f., XIV 214, diverse sorts of water, XIII 70, 72, 74-77, 83-85, 92; grades of gathering water, XIII 20-22; mud, XIII 169; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 179; spring water and running water, XIII 123; union of pools, XIII 137, 152, 154, 156; use of pool, XIII 187, 189, 194, 196; utensils in water, XIII 99-100 CAqiva, XIV 217, diverse sorts of water, XIII 72, 82, 89-91, 93; XIV 29, 83, 92, 104, 108, 126, 128-31, 134-37, 149-50, 174, 183-84, 189; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 42, 49-51; XIV 17-18, 72, 80, 82, 88, 104, 145; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 173, 178-80; XIV 51, 89, 104; union of pools, XIV 141, 148, 161; use of pool, XIII 199, 206-207, 21718; XIV 58-59, 65, 79-80, 83, 87, 89, 94, 104, 108, 162-63; water and wine, XIII 158, 160, 217-18; XIV 44, 65, 89, 104, 114-15, 131, 133 Asher b. Y el;tiel, diverse sorts of water, XIII 78, 83; grades of gathering water, XIII 20; mud, XIII 170; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 173; spring water and running water, XIII 116, 123, 125; union of pools, XIII 139, 142, 149, 156; utensils in water, XIII 102, 106, 110 Assi, XIV 124 Avralyon, XIV 179-80; diverse sorts of water, XIII 68; grades of gathering water, XIV 123, 125 Berliner, A., XIV 195 Bertinoro, diverse sorts of water, XIII

83, 85-86, 89; grades of gathering water, XIII 13, 20-21; mud, XIII 169; spring water and running water, XIII 122-23; union of pools, XIII 156; utensils in water, XIII 102 Bibi, XIV 124 Bloch, Renee, XIV 208 Bousset, Wilhelm, XIV 207 Charles, R. H., XIV 208 Dahl, N. A., XIV 2-5, 7 Damascus Covenant, XIV 22 Diverse sorts of water, XIII 4-5, 67-96; XIV 23-31, 67-68, 78, 114-15, 119, 125-26, 128-29, 131, 134, 149-51 Dosa, sites of pools, purity of, XIII 176; XIV 50 Doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 4, 44-67; XIV 16-23, 67-78, 143 Eleazar, R., diverse sorts of water, XIII 5; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 47; grades of gathering water, XIV 108, 120; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 172-75; XIV 49, 90, 120; union of pools, XIII 133-34, 153, 155-56; XIV 44, 90, 140-41 ELeazar ben CAzariah, XIII 225; diverse sorts of water, XIII 81-83, 85-86; XIV 28, 89, 105, 151-52, 175; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 173, 177, 179-80; XIV 51, 89, 104; union of pools, XIV 101, 159; use of pool, XIII 202, 208; XIV 102, 163-64, 170 Eleazar l;fisma, R., sites of pools, purity of, XIII 173, 177; XIV 51, 105 Eleazar b. R. ~adoq, diverse sorts of water, XIII 79; XIV 26, 108, 131, 190; union of pools, XIII 133, 15354; XIV 53, 90, 139-40, 189 Eleazar b. R. Yose, utensils in water, XIII 110-11; XIV 34, 81, 95, 109, 141 Eliezer, diverse sorts of water, XIII 4, 41-44, 67-68, 70-79, 93, 221; XIV 23-26, 30, 81, 83, 88-89, 104, 108, 114, 126-27, 131, 134, 174, 182-83, 189; grades of gathering water, XIII

232

INDEX TO PARTS XIII AND XIV

2 5; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 173; union of pools, XIII 154; use of pool, XIII 184, 186-88, 208; XIV 53, 91, 108, 162, 169; utensils in water, XIII 100; water and wine, XIV 115 Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, diverse sorts of water, XIII 43; use of pool, XIII 202, 208 Eliezer b. Jacob, utensils in water, XIII 106; XIV 33, 81, 95, 101, 108, 157 Elijah hen Solomon Zalman (GRA), XIII 9; diverse sorts of water, XIII 73, 82, 86; XIV 151-52; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 62-63; grades of gathering water, XIII 20-21, 26-27, 29; spring water and running water, XIII 117, 123; union of pools, XIII 143; XIV 155; use of pool, XIII 186, 189; utensils in water, XII 99; water and wine, XIII 158, 161 Ephraim Isaac of Premysla (Mishnah A.l)aronah), diverse sorts of water, XIII 72, 75, 77, 79; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 53; grades of gathering water, XIII 19, 21, 2728; mud, XIII 169; spring water and running water, XIII 116, 118; union of pools, XIII 140, 142-43, 146, 153; utensils in water, XIII 99, 102, 106, 110 Epstein, Y. N., spring water and running water, XIII 121; union of pools, XIII 153 Etheridge, J. W., XIV 195 Freedman H., use of pool, XIII 213; water and wine, XIII 213 Gamaliel, sites of pools, purity of, XIII 176; XIV 50, 83, 105 Gamaliel II, XIII 225 Ginsburger, M., XIV 195 Grades of gathering water, XIII 3-4, 11-40; XIV 9-16, 67-68, 117-18, 12021, 123, 153 Gressmann, Hugo, XIV 207 Guttmann, Theodor, XIII 224 I;Iananiah, XIV 124 I;Ianina b. Teradion, sites of pools, purity of, XIII 176; XIV 50 Heer, M. D., XIV 206

Heinemann, Joseph, XIV 208 Heller, Yorn Tov Lipman (TYT), diverse sorts of water, XIII 74, 84-85; grades of gathering water, XIII 2 5 ; mud, XIII 170; spring water and running water, XIII 123; union of pools, XIII 134, 139, 143; use of pool, XI1l 194; utensils in water, XIII 110 Heschel, A. J., XIV 212 Hillel, diverse sorts of water, XIII 68; XIV 115-16, 126, 136, 150; grades of gathering water, XIII 25-26, 29-30, 32-35; XIV 11-13, 82, 88, 106, 118, 123, 125, 153, 174, 188; spring water and running water, XIII 113, 124-29; XIV 37-38, 88, 103, 111-13, 181-82; union of pools, XIII 148; XIV 37-38; use of pool, XIII 202, 212; XIV 62, 88, 161-62; utensils in water, XIII 99-100; XIV 31, 90, 103, 125, 181; water and wine, XIII 212; XIV 62 Hoffmann, David, XIII 196, 204 Hyman, A., XIV 207 Immersion and immersion pools, diverse sorts of water, XIII 4-5, 67-96; XIV 23-31, 67-68, 78, 114-15, 119, 12526, 128-29, 131, 134, 149-51; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 4, 44-67; XIV 16-23, 67-78, 143; grades of gathering water, XIII 3-4, 11-40; XIV 9-16, 67-68, 117-18, 12021, 123, 153; mud, XIII 6, 168-71; XIV 47-49, 68-78, 165; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 6, 172-81; XIV 49-52, 68-78, 120-21; spring water and running water, XIII 5, 112-29; XIV 3538. 68-78, 119, 121-22, 138, 141, 147, 157, 166; union of pools, XIII 6, 13057; XIV 38-44, 68-71, 111-13, 119, 139-40, 147-48, 154-56, 159-60; use of pool, XIII 7, 181-219; XIV 52-65, 68-78, 119, 161, 167-70; utensils in water, XIII 5, 98-111; XIV 31-35, 68-78, 125, 137-38, 141, 146, 156; water and wine, XIII 6, 158-68, 21119, XIV 44-47, 62-65, 68-78, 114-15, 131-32, 141 Ishmael, diverse sorts of water, XIII 95-96; XIV 31, 81, 83, 94, 105, 149, 185; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 173, 177, 179-80; XIV 51, 89, 104; use of pool, XIII 197-98; XIV 56,

GENERAL INDEX 91, 102, 106, 164, 187; water and wine, XIII 160, 163; XIV 41, 114

233

15 5; utensils in water, XIII 98, 108l 09; XIV 34, 87, 103, 105

King's Banquet, XIII 225 Jacob, use of pool, XIII 217; XIV 65, 94; water and wine, XIII 217; XIV 65 Jastrow, Marcus, spring water and running water, XIII 121 Jonathan, XIV 195-96 Jonathan, b. Joseph, use of pool, XIII 191, 196; XIV 54, 82, 91, 102 Joseph b. I;Ioni, diverse sorts of water, XIII 91-92, 96 Joseph the Priest, use of pool, XIII 204; XIV 58 Josephus, XIV 1-2, 7 Joshua, diverse sorts of water, XIII 4, 41-44;

73-82, 84, 86, 88, 93, 221;

XIV 25-28, 72, 79, 88-89, 92, 95, 104-105, 114, 116, 119, 125-30, 13437, 151-53, 174, 182-83; doubts con-

cerning immersion and pools, XIV 145, 185; spring water and running water, XIII 127-28; XIV 112; union of pools, XIII 150; use of pool, XIV 119; utensils in water, XIII 100-101; water and wine XIV 115, 134 Joshua b. Qevu~ai, sites of pools, purity of, XIII 176; XIV 50 Joshua b. Qo1·l;ta,use of pool, XIII 208 Judah, diverse sorts of water, XIII 79-80, 87; XIV 26, 28, 109, 115-16, 119, 187; grades of gathering water, XIII 28; XIV 12, 80, 82, 89, 107, 120; mud, XIII 168-69, 171; XIV 47-49, 82, 90, 93, 101, 106, 176, 187; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 175-76, 181; XIV 49-50, 80, 82, 90, 107, 120; spring water and running water, XIII 112-13,

116,

120,

122-23,

125-28;

XIV 36-37, 79, 82, 90, 95, 100, 107, 119, 138, 157, 176; union of pools, XIII 132, 134-35, 143-44, 150-53; XIV 38, 40, 43, 80, 82, 90, 101, 106, 119, 154, 156, 160, 187; use of pool, XIII 183, 185, 187, 194, 196-97, 202, XIV 52, 56-57, 210-11, 213,217,219; 61-62, 64, 79, 81-82, 91, 102, 106, 109, 164-65, 167, 169, 187; utensils in water, XIV 138; water and wine, XIII 164, 167, 213-14, 217, 219; XIV 45, 62, 64, 80, 131-33, 143

Judah b Betera, union of pools, XIV

Levine, Baruch, XIV 197; spring water and running water, XIII 123 Lieberman, Saul, XIII 8-9; diverse sorts of water, XIII 88, 96; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 53, 58, 60-62, 66; grades of gathering water, XIII 22-23, 28-29, 37; mud, XIII 171; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 17 5; spring water and running water, XIII 116; union of pools, XIII 136, 142, 146, 151, 153, 155, 157; use of pool, XIII 190-92, 194, 196, 198, 200, 205, 207; utensils in water, XHI 102, 106, 110; water and wine, XIII 167

Lipschutz, Israel ben Gedaliah (TYY), diverse sorts of water, XIII 72; mud, XIII 170; spring water and running water, XIII 117-19, 122-23; union of pools, XIII 141, 144, 149, 152, 1515 5; utensils in water, XIII 102 Lisowsky, Gerhard, diverse sorts of water, XIII 96; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 49, 58, 60; XIV 20; spring water and running water, XHI 116, 129; use of pool, XIII 197, 205 Macho, Alejandro Diez, XIV 195 Maimonides, XIII 8; diverse sorts of water, XIII 74, 77, 83-86; XIV 116; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 15, 65; grades of gathering water, XIII 17-21, 23-25, 27, 32, 36; XIV 117; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 17 3; spring water and running water, XIII 116-20, 122-23, 125-26, 129; XIV 122; union of pools, xm 133, 135, 140, 142-43, 148, 156-57;

XIV 139; utensils in water, XIII 102, 106, 110; XIV 32; water and wine, XIII 158 Manual of Discipline, XIV 22

Meir, XIV 180; diverse sorts of water, XIII 70, 79-80, 87; XIV 26, 28, 107108, 115-16, 119, 175, 186; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 41-42, 47-49, 64; XIV 68, 72, 82, 100, 105, 107, 143-45, 185, 189; sites

234

INDEX TO PARTS XIII AND XIV

of pools, purity of, XIII 175-76; XIV 49, 80, 82, 90, 107, 120; spring water and running water, XIII 120; XIV 90, 100, 107, 119; union of pools, XIII 133-34, 153-54, 157; XIV 43, 90, 107, 139-41, 154, 189-90; utensils in water, XIII 99-100; XIV 31, 90, 108, 125; water and wine, XIII 220, 222-23; XIV 106, 142, 185-86 Meshsharsheya, utensils in water, XIII 100 Moore, George Foot, XIV 207 Mud, XIII 6, 168-71; XIV 47-49, 68-78, 165 Nel;temiah, grades of gathering water, XIII 22-24; XIV 10, 79, 82, 94, 106, 117 Neophyti, XIV 195-96 Onqelos, XIV 195-96; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 176; XIV 50 Rabin, Chaim, grades of gathering water, XIII 21-22 Rashi, diverse sorts of water, XIII 91; spring water and running water, XIII 125; utensils in water, XIII 99 Rava, use of pool, XIII 215; water and wine, XIII 215 Rengstorf, K. H., XIII 9 Rieder, David, XIV 195 $adoq, spring and water and running water, XIII 121-22; XIV 37, 94, 105, 113 Samson hen Abraham (Sens), diverse sorts of water, XIII 71, 74, 83, 87-88, 96; XIV 151; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 49, 58, 60, 62; XIV 21-22, 69; grades of gathering water, XIII 20, 23-24, 29-30; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 175-76; XIV 49; spring water and running water, XIII 116, 122-25, 129; union of pools, XIII 131, 139, 141-42, 149, 155; use of pool, XIII 191-92, 215; XIV 63; utensils in water, XIII 102, 106-107, 111; water and wine, XIII 164, 166, 215; XIV 63, 143 Schechter, Solomon, XIV 207 Schwarz, Adolph, XIII 196 Shammai, diverse sorts of water, XIII

68; XIV 115-16, 126, 150; grades of gathering water, XIII 25-26, 29-30, 32-34; XIV 11-13, 82, 88, 106, 118, 123, 125, 153, 188; spring water and running water, XIII 124-26, 128-29; XIV 37-38, 88, 103, 111-13, 181-82; union of pools, XIII 132, 144, 150; XIV 37-38, 40; use of pool, XIII 202, 211; XIV 62, 88, 161-62; utensils in water, XIII 99-100, 108-109; XIV 31, 34, 90, 103, 125, 181; water and wine, XIII 211; XIV 62 Shelomo bar Joshua Adeni, diverse sorts of water, XIII 78; grades of gathering water, XIII 21; spring water and running water, XIII 117; union of pools, XIII 143, 152; utensils in water, XIII 106, 110 Simeon, XIV 180; diverse sorts of water, XIII 41-43, 68-72, 78-79; XIV 24-26, 72, 80, 82, 89, 107, 134-37, 150, 176, 188; doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 42, 46, 48-51; XIV 17, 72, 80, 88-89, 105, 143, 145; grades of gathering water, XIII 14-16, 19, 21, 23, 25-28, 30, 32-35; XIV 10-13, 79-80, 88-89, 106-107, 117-18, 120, 153, 187; spring water and running water, XIV 158, 167; union of pools, XIV 44, 80, 82, 90, 139-41; use of pool, XIII 181, 196, 199; XIV 52, 58, 79, 82, 91, 94, 107, 188; water and wine, XIV 133 Simeon b Gamaliel, sites of pools, purity of, XIII 176; XIV 49, 87, 108, 120; union of pools, XIII 146-47, 152-55; XIV 41, 43, 82, 90, 108, 149, 154, 156, 190; use of pool, XIII 184, 194; XIV 56, 108, 168-69; utensils in water, XIII 106; XIV 33, 90, 108, 138, 190 Simeon b. Nanos, use of pool, XIII 218; XIV 65, 87; water and wine, XIII 218; XIV 65 Simeon Shezuri, sites of pools, purity of, XIV 82; use of pool, XIII 190; XIV 54, 91, 108, 162 Sites of pools, purity of, XIII 6, 172-81; XIV 49-52, 68-78, 120-21 Sperber, Alexander, XIV 195 Spring water and running water, XIII 5, 112-29; XIV 35-38, 68-78, 119, 12122, 138, 141, 147, 157, 166

GENERAL INDEX

Tarfon, doubts concerning immersion and pools, XIII 42, 49-51; XIV 17-18, 72, 80, 82, 88, 104, 145; use of pool, XIII 202, 210-11, 218; XIV 61, 65, 81, 83, 87, 89, 104, 163-64; water and wine, XIII 218; XIV 65, 133 Union of pools, XIII 6, 130-57; XIV 38-44, 68-71, 111-13, 147-48, 154-56, 159-60

119,

139-40,

Urbach, Ephraim E., XIV 206-20 Use of pool, XIII 7, 181-219; XIV 52· 65, 67-78, 119, 161, 167-70

Utensils in water, XIII 5, 98-111; XIV 31-35, 68-78, 125, 137-38, 141, 146, 156

Vaux, R. de, XIV 199 V ermes, Geza, XIV 208 Water and wine, XIII 6, 158-68, 211-19; XIV 44-47, 62-65, 68-78, 114-15, 13132, 141

Y ol~anan, XIV 194 Y ol;ianan b Beroqah, diverse sorts of water, XIII 80; XIV 26, 82, 108 Yol_iananb. Nuri, use of pool, XIII 191, 206-207; XIV 59-60, 80, 89, 95, 104106, 163-64, 167, 170, 184, 186; water and wine, XIII 158-60, 163, 167-68; XIV 45, 47, 89, 114-15, 132-33, 143, 174

235

Yose, diverse sorts of water, XIII 4, 43, 73, 78, 80-82, 84, 87-89; XIV 26-28, 79, 81-82, 89, 92, 95, 105, 107, 11516, 128, 137, 151, 175-76, 186; doubts

concerning immersion and pools, XIII 41-42, 45-49, 51, 53, 55-57; XIV 17, 20, 80, 82, 89, 100, 105, 107, 143, 145-46, 185, 189; grades of gathering water, XIV 171; sites of pools, purity of, XIII 177-80; XIV 50-51, 82, 86, 91; spring water and running water, XIII 112-13, 116-17, 120-24, 126-27; XIV 36-37, 90, 100, 107, 119, 138, 157-58, 166, 176-77; union of pools, XIII 155; XIV 44, 82, 107; use of pool, XIII 185, 187, 192, 194-98, 206, 212-14, 218-19; XIV 53-54, 56-57, 60, 62-63, 79, 81-82, 91, 102, 106, 163, 186; utensils in water, XIII 98-100, 103-104; XIV 31-32, 90, 108, 125, 137-39; water and wine, XIII 164-65, 212-14, 218, 222-23; XIV 46, 62-63, 95, 106, 132, 142 Yose b. Abba, XIV 194

Yose b. R. Judah, sites of pools, purity of, XIII 180; XIV 52, 81, 91; union of pools, XIII 152-53; XIV 43; use of pool, XIII 193; XIV 55, 81, 109, 170

Yose the Galilean, use of pool, XIV 65, 87, 104; water and wine, XIV 65 Zuckermandel, M. S., XIII 9