A handbook on offensive baseball

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A HANDBOOK ON OFFENSIVE BASEBALL

A Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

by G-erald Lyman Davison February

1950

UMI Number: EP46269

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

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T h is p ro je c t re p o rt, w ritte n under the d irectio n o f the candidate’s adviser and appro ved by h im , has been presented to and accepted by the F a c u lty o f the School o f E d u c a tio n in p a r t ia l f u lf il lm e n t of the requirements f o r the degree o f M a s te r of Science in E d ucation.

Date............................

A d v is e r

Dean

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE TO S TUDENTS............ . .............

Hi

CHAPTER PART I. AT THE PLATE HOW TO DEVELOP ABILITY AS A BATTER 1.

BATTING:

How to turn outs into hits

• • • • • .

2.

BUNTING;

How to catch the opponent off guard • •

2 19

PART II. ON THE BASES HOW TO ACQUIRE SKILL AND COOPERATION ON THE BASES 3. 4.

BASE RUNNING: How to become a MTy Cobb11 on the bases ............ • . . • • • • • • • • • • • •

30

BASE COACHING:

45

How to make winning decisions • •

PART III. INTEGRATING THE OFFENSE HOW TO COORDINATE INDIVIDUAL ACTION WITH TEAM PLAY 5.

STRATEGY: dreaming

How to move while the opposition is 53

6.

SIGNALS:

How to give and take signs

7.

CONDITIONING:

• • • • • •

How to train for baseball

61

....

68

B I B L I O G R A P H Y ......................................

75

ili LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATION

PAGE

1.

Holding the Bat

2.

The Stance

..............• • • • • • • •

................

• • • • • • • • • •

3. The Swing • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

.........

5 7 9

4. The Follow Through

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

5*. The Sacrifice Bunt

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

22

6. The Drag Bunt (Left

Handed Batter)

24

• • • • • • •

7. The Drag Bunt (Right Handed Batter) • • • • • • •

25

8. The Hook Slide

37

• • • • • • • • • • • •

9. The Head First S l i d e ................

........

39

iv LIST OP BLUEPRINTS FIGURE

PAGE

I*

Three Ways to Place Hit • • • • • • • • • • • • •

13

2*

Position of Bunts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

20

3*

Route When Rounding First Base

32

• • • • • • • • •

v PREFACE Baseball saves lives* astounding but true*

This statement is not only

Many a boy critically ill has speeded

to recovery after a visit from a major league star or a gift of an autographed ball*

Many healthy youths on the verge of

delinguency have risen to become famous only because they liked baseball and knew how to play it.

Millions who pack

our double decked ball parks each year enjoy the spirit of competition which is so close to our American way of life* These are only a few of the reasons why baseball is our national game. This syllabus is an outgrowth of a study of the problems and difficulties confronting boys in baseball classes and varsity clubs in our secondary schools*

A real need for in­

struction in baseball for young boys has come to the atten­ tion of coaches, as well as recreational leaders, and to the young people themselves.

In order to provide a program to

meet these demands, this syllabus was outlined not only to help the boy today while he is playing but also to give him a better knowledge of the game tomorrow as a spectator. To be most useful as a means of recreation, baseball must provide for every child an opportunity for satisfactory participation.

Pleasure and satisfaction are the most impor­

tant goals of baseball in the first years of school.

Early

vi baseball experiences are of great value both for the child’s growth and for later appreciation of the sport.

But, to gain

satisfaction, the game must be played correctly. In the development of this syllabus bear in mind that it was written for students at the junior high school level.

It

is extremely important that youngsters of this age develop correct habits and skills, and the easiest way to accomplish this is to learn them correctly at the beginning.

As many

young boys are not fortunate enough to have a skilled coach from whom to obtain this information, they must uncover the desired knowledge from other sources.

This illustrated syl­

labus should not only assist them with the necessary facts but also provide them with a healthy and well balanced back­ ground.

It is also the purpose in writing this syllabus to

give to the reader the fundamental points in offensive play as they relate to both individual and team play. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Enid Miller, cover designer for San Diego Magazine, for the illustrations she so ably provided

X

PART I.

AT THE PLATE

HOW TO DEVELOP ABILITY AS A BATTER There is never room on a team for the player who can not lay the willow on a fast one.

The entire game revolves

around the individual at the plate, as nine opposing players try not only to out maneuver him physically but mentally as well.

If he lacks skill their job is easy, if sharpness is

present he will meet the challenge in stride.

By determina­

tion and work you may, in the not too distant future, hear the roar of the crowd at Yankee Stadium as your tremendous blow lands in the seats of the upper tier.

2 CHAPTER 1.

BATTING

HOW TO TURN OUTS INTO HITS Every year young boys become discouraged in baseball because of their inability to progress satisfactorily.

Base­

ball, like so many games, emphasizes the offensive portion of the contest and a young athlete, in order to succeed, must be competent in the problems which are discussed here* A.

MOTIVATION

Rewards gained by hitting well 1*

Fuller school life* a*

You willmake the team*

b*

You will enjoy trips with the squad*

c.

You will meet more people and, as a result, make more friends*

d. 2*

You will gain more respect*

Success

on the team*

a*

You will lead the team to victories.

b.

You will have an attractive batting average.

c.

You will be a steady player, not an Hinner and outer”.

d.

You will help weaker hitter to improve*

e*

You will reduce injuries by knowing how to play correctly*

Benefits in later life• a*

You will understand and enjoy the game as a spectator

b.

You will play sand-lot ball for leisure time activity

c.

You will have a chance to play professional baseball.

d.

You will develop better coordination for other games such as tennis, badminton, and golf

B.

POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

How to solve the problems as you encounter them H ow to choose a bat• a.

Choose a bat which is correctly balanced.

b.

Use a lighter rather than a heavier bat.

c.

Use a short bat if you are not exceptionally strong as it can be swung fast and with more wristsnap.

d.

Use a longer bat if you are tall.

e.

Choose a bat with the type of handle which fits your hands and feels comfortable.

f.

Experiment until you find the one which feels and

4 swings the best. 2.

How to car e f o r your bat • a.

Hold the bat with the trademark up so that you are less apt to break it.

b.

Keep your bat in the shade.

Do not let it lie in the

sun for long periods of time. c. Protect it from damp area3 and heavy moisture. d.

Hub it with oils occasionally.

Linseed oil is good.

e. Donft pound your bat against hard objects such as your spikes.

Nicks weaken the wood which makes it

more liable to break. 5.

How to apply batting practice• a. Face a pitcher with good control. b.

Instill confidence in yourself.

Don1t be cautious

at the plate. c. Hit only good balls. d.

Swing only five or seven times.

Return immediately

to your position. e. Hit the ball through or over the infield.

Do not

try for distance or to foul the pitch off. f.

Use the batting tee frequently.

g.

Acquaint yourself with the curve ballin batting practice.

h.

Hit in batting practice as though it were a game.

5

The Swing Grip

The Choke Grip

ILLUSTRATION I HOLDING THE BAT

6 i.

Play “pepper11 about 15 minutes each day to sharpen your timing*

4,

How to stand at the plate* a.

(See Illustration 2*)

Swing a couple of bats before entering the batter1s box.

b.

Take your time entering the batter*s box.

Make the

pitcher wait for you rather than wait for him. c.

Stand fairly erect with shoulders and hips level. Avoid crouching.

d.

Keep knees slightly relaxed.

They should not be

stiff or locked. e.

Plant your feet comfortably apart with your weight evenly balanced.

f.

Hold the bat off your shoulder, keeping your wrists cocked and ready.

g.

Eliminate a tied up feeling.

Stand comfortably or

it will hinder your timing and swing. 5.

How to stride. a.

Step from a comfortable stance.

b.

Keep the rear foot planted.

c.

Stride the front foot forward about eighteen inches

Do not shift it around.

or less. d.

Take a short stride.

Avoid over striding.

e.

Hit the ball as the stride is taken.

7

ILLUSTRATION 2 TEE STANCE

8 f . Shift the front foot into position*

Do not lift it*

g.

Maintain good balance.

Avoid hitting off the heels.

h.

Step into the ball instead of stepping in the "bucket.11

i.

Stride the same distance regardless of the kind of pitch.

6.

How to swing. a.

(See Illustration 3.)

Use the choke grip when first learning.

(See Illus­

tration 1.) b.

Hit off the rear foot.

Avoid lunging at the ball.

c. Keep arms high and away from the body. d.

Meet the ball out in front.

e.

Swing normally at a third strike and do not be afraid to strike out.

f.

Hold the bat firmly but not tensely.

g.

Swing smoothly.

h.

Swing the bat parallel to the ground.

i.

Hold the end of the bat up.

Do not swing too hard.

Do not letit sag.

Hit the first good pitch unless otherwise instructed, k.

Follow through completely.

Do not stop the swing

the instant the bat meets the ball.

(See Illustra­

tion 4.) 1. Use the swing grip when trying to hit a long ball. (See Illustration 1.)

9

ILLUSTRATION 3 the

swing

10 m.

Hit the hall with the big part of the bat.

n.

Keep the cocked bat motionless and avoid unnecessary waving of the bat.

o.

Be relaxed as you swing.

p.

Snap your wrists at the moment the ball strikes the bat.

q.

Keep your right shoulder level or you will tend to "golf11 the ball. (Left-handed hitter.

In the case

of a right-handed hitter, the situation would be reversed.) r. Hit the ball.

Don’t push at it.

7. How to watch the ball. a.

Follow the ball until you see the ball meet the bat.

b.

Keep your head motionless.

c.

Watch the ball closely and do not try to guess what the next pitch will be.

d.

See the ball leave the pitcher’s hand.

You should

never lose sight of it. e. Wait for a good ball.

Be patient.

f. Eliminate unnecessary movements as yourknowledge of hitting will be of no use unless your eyes are con­ stantly on the ball. 8. How to place hit.

(See Figure 1.)

a. Choke the bat so you can control thedirection

of

11

ILLUSTRATION 4 THE FOLLOW THROUGH

12 the ball more easily* b.

Time the hit by swinging early or late*

Don!t alter

your position at the plate* c* Swing just a fraction of a second later to hit the ball to left field. d.

(Left-handed hitter.)

Constantly face the best pitchers possible to prac­ tice this technique.

e.

Learn to hit to all fields.

Don*t try to hit all

balls into one field. f.

Take a short stride when pulling the ball and a long step when hitting to the opposite field.

9.

How tohit different types of pitches. a.

Swing a trifle late on a curve ball.

b.

Hit fast balls out in front.

c.

Hit the ball where it is pitched to you.

If the

pitch is outside, hit it to the opposite field. d.

Hit change of pace balls to the opposite field. Don’t swing too hard.

10.

How to change your position in the batters box. a.

Stand deep in the box

against a fast ball pitcher.

b.

Hit the ball squarely against a fast ball pitcher as he will help to give you power.

Avoid swinging too

hard. c.

Stand well up in the box on a curve ball pitcher in

©

13

to Left

© Hlttini I

if--

Eight

t'

f ,X; FIGURE 1 THREE WAYS OF FLACK HITTING

14 order to hit the ball before it breaks* d*

Stand close to the plate if you can hit an inside pitch better.

Stand away from the plate if you can

hit outside pitches better* 11*

How to hit with men o>n .base • a*

Sacrifice distance for direction when hitting behind the runner*

b.

Drive the ball through the hole vacated by the first baseman when a runner is on first.

c. Hit a long ball when trying to score a man from third. d.

Drive the ball through the infield when they are pulled in*

e.

Swing over the ball when a team mate is stealing* This hinders the catcher’s ability by momentarily hiding the ball from his view.

12.

How to uee the batting tee« a*

Place ball at locality where you feel your weakness is*

b.

Practice hitting ball at that position to learn plate control.

c.

Move the position of the ball frequently to gain variety in method of hitting the ball.

d.

Practice your place hitting by hitting into the

opposite field and pulling the ball off the tee# e#

Analyze your hitting form with the tee#

f.

Look in the direction of the pitcher*s box and imagine a pitcher is ready to throw#

g.

Start your swing before looking at the ball on the tee#

h.

This procedure simulates hitting a thrown ball.

Blindfold yourself occasionally to see how many balls you can hit off the tee. C.

PERFORMANCE

How to promote success with drills and activities How to better yourself individually# a.

Witness several professional games and observe the various hitters at the plate.

Copy them until you

have developed your own style. b.

Prepare a three week schedule for your pre-season hitting practice.

c.

Place a flag between first and second#

Try to hit

ground balls out of the infield at this point for practice on hit and run plays. d#

Suspend a ball on a string from a handy tree and practice hitting it as it swings back and forth on the pendulum.

How to advance your ball playing with the squad• a.

Face right and left handed pitchers during batting

16 practice. b.

Stand a fellow squad member in right field and try to hit the ball to him to develop place hitting ability.

c.

Stand in front of the catcher in normal batting position when a pitcher is warming up on the side­ lines.

As each pitch comes in call out ffstrikeff or

“ball11 so as to get practice in choosing good pitches to hit while at the plate. D.

EVALUATION

How to determine whether you are making progress 1.

YES-NOs

After each day1a practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following. a.

Y N ( )( ) Do I choose too heavy a bat?

b.

( )( ) Do I leave my bat where other players may step on It?

c.

( )( ) Do I sometimes swing at bad balls during batting practice?

d.

( )( ) Do I step away from the plate?

e.

( )( ) Do I swing for distance at all times?

f.

( )( ) Are my arms close to my body when I swing?

g.

( )( ) Do I wave my bat around while waiting for the pitch?

17 h.

( )( )

Do I change my position when place hitting?

i.

( )( )

Do I pull a curve hall?

2. MULTIPLE CHOICE;

Analyze your performance today in

practiceand correct your faults tomorrow• a*

( )

In hatting practice I took approximately (1) three, (2) six, (3) ten, (4) thirty swings be­ fore returning to the field,

h.

( )

When standing at the plate I was (1) cocky, (2) confident, (3) cautious, (4) scared.

c. ( )

When striding I hit the hall (1) before the stride, (2) at the stride, (3) after the stride, (4) none of these.

d.

( )

When the pitcher was ready to deliver I looked at his (1) feet, (2) belt buckle, (3) hand with the ball, (4) hand with the glove. E.

SOURCES

How to find materials related to this chapter 1.

BASIC TEXT REFERENCES:

Books and pages which are closely

related to the subject• a.

Allen 156-163

e.

DiMaggio 116-129

b.

Chapman 29-46

f.

Hammett 190-194

c.

Clarke 112-120

g.

Jessee 65-72

d.

Coombs 127-143

2.

SCHOLASTIC COACH;

Outstanding articles on the topic of

this chapter* a*

”Batter Up” p. 10, April 1947•

b.

’’How I Bat” p. 7, April

c. 11Offensive Baseball” p. d. e.

1949, 10, February 1948.

’’Styles in Swing” p. 9, May 1948. ”The Schoolboy Batter” p. 7, March 1946.

19 CHAPTER 2.

BUNTING

HOV/ TO CATCH THE OPPONENT OFF GUARD The importance of bunting can not be over estimated in developing a young ball player into a smooth and powerful baseball machine.

Baseball experts have long preached the

necessity for bunting ability before the skills of other phases of the game can be introduced.

You can not begin too

early and this chapter will be a valuable framework for the creative young ball player* A.

MOTIVATION

Rewards gained by bunting well 1.

Fuller school life. a.

You will go on record as one of the school’s allaround greats.

b.

You will receive recognition and prestige.

20

ag bunt to left

floe bunts to advan

Drag bunt

lan from second

21 2♦

Success on the team, a*

You will squeeze home the winning run in a champion­ ship game*

b.

You will pull the infield

in with excellent bunts

making it easier to driveground balls past

them for

more base hits. c.

You will cause your opponents to get confused and allow your hitting attack to function to greater ad­ vantage* B.

POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

How to put the runner in scoring position 1*

H ot/ to bunt.

a.

Hold the bat loosely.

b.

Let the ball hit the bat.

c.

Bunt good balls only.

d.

Spread your hands on the bat.

e.

Keep the bat parallel to the ground.

f.

Keep your elbows slightly flexed.

g.

Stand in front of the plate as it is easier to keep

Do not

swing at

it*

the ball in fair territory. h.

Hit the upper side of the ball so it is driven into the dirt.

i*

Be set before the ball reaches the plate.

3.

Hold the bat stationary.

22

ILLUSTRATION 5 TEE SACRIFICE BUNT

23 k. 2.

Relax, donft

How to sacrifice

get tense. bunt. (See Illustration 5.)

a.

Get the hall onto the ground before running.

b.

Hold bat out In front and at eye level.

e. Pace the pitcher. d.

Do not step back.

Grouch slightly.

e. Place your feet nearly even. f.

Keep your weight on the balls of your feet.

g.

Concentrate on bunting the ball and forget the position of the fielders and runners.

5.

How to drag bunt. a.

(See Illustrations 6 and 7.)

Use the drag bunt when the infield is playing deep or is out of position.

b.

Be in motion when you bunt.

c.

Bunt change of pace pitches for base hits if you were fooled by the pitch.

d.

Hold your normal batting position until the last possible moment.

Deception is vital.

e.

Place the ball accurately along the base line.

f.

Donrt watch the ball after bunting it, start running.

g.

Imitate professional ball players who drag bunt frequently.

24

ILLUSTRATION 6 THE DRAG BUNT (LEFT HANDED BATTER)

25

ILLUSTRATION 7 THE DRAG BUNT (RIGHT HANDED BATTER)

26 C.

PERFORMANCE

How to strengthen your buntIng ability with learned activities 1,

How to advance your ball playing individually» a.

Draw circles four feet in diameter approximately fifteen feet down the third and first base lines. Bunt the bail, aiming for the center of the ring, thus developing accuracy*

b.

Bunt two or three balls down each base line before starting to swing during batting practice*

2*

How to better yourself with the squad* a.

Execute the squeeze play with other members of the squad*

b*

Hold an evening party to which all members of the squad are invited.

Have each member bring a picture

of a player bunting and discuss the merits and demerits of each* D.

EVALUATION

How to test yourself on improvement 1*

YES-NO;

After each day1a practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following• a*

Y N ( )( ) Am I holding the bat tightly?

b.

( )( )

Are my elbows stiff?

c.

( )( )

Are my hands close together?

d»

( ){ )

Do

I get away from the plate fast on a

sacrifice?

2.

e.

( )( )

Do I watch the ball after starting to

run?

f.

( ){ )

Am I standing erect while bunting the

ball?

MULTIPLE CHOICES

Analyze your performance in practice

today and correct your faults tomorrow• a*

b.

c.

( ) When

bunting I stand (1)

in front of the plate,

(2)

even with the plate, (3)

(4)

out of the box.

( ) When

sacrificing I bunt (1)

(2)

the next strike, (3)

(4)

the second strike.

( ) When

back of the plate,

the next pitch, the second pitch,

drag bunting my hands are (1)

end of the bat, (2)

one on each

both at the trademark, (3)

one at the trademark and one at the end, (4) both at the end. S.

SOURCES

How to find materials which may assist you in bunting 1.

BASIC TEXT REFERENCES:

Books and pages which are closely

related to the subject. a.

Allen 170-174

b.

Chapman 53-55

c.

Clarke 120-124

f.

Hammett 195-198

d.

Coombs 135-139

g.

Jessee 72-76

e•

DiMaggio 123-125

SCHOLASTIC COACH:

— —

—

■ 111 H i . i iu iu g ii iii ii " t i i i m i a r i T t t t M r r i n ' r w y M i M M W - ' i r . j i

Outstanding artioles on the topio of i— n

. . h u i. i« ji«

^

— p—

■—

t

—

—

i

this chapter* a.

“Baseball’s Little Diamonds” p. 7, April 1945.

b.

“Offensive Baseball” p. 10, February 1948.

c.

“Sacrifice and Push Bunts” p. 11, February 1948.

d.

“Bunting” p. 7, April 1946.

29

PART II.

ON TEE BASES

HOW TO ACQUIRE SKILL AND COOPERATION ON THE BASES As soon as the ball has been hit yon become a ba3e runner*

Your effectiveness as a player and value to the

team is determined by what happens to you on the bases. The immediate objective for both you and your team mates is that you reach home plate.

If you are in discord while you

are covering this route, the result is apparent.

Part II

will assist you in developing the ability to run the bases skillfully.

HHMi

30 CHAPTER 3.

BASE RUNNING

HOW TO BECOME A WTY COBB” ON THE BASES To succeed in baseball a player must run#

Many major

league players have reached the top and stayed there because of their ability to cover ground#

If you can not eat up the

ground at a rapid pace, you are at a distinct disadvantage with your competitors#

To get the maximum from your speed,

you must be able to run bases correctly* A#

MOTIVATION

Rewards gained by running well 1*

Fuller school life* a#

Youwill make yourself known as a wfirst-stringer•”

b.

Youwill receive good publicity, thereby bringing recognition upon yourself#

2#

Success on the team* a#

You will avoid injury and loss to your team by slid­ ing correctly#

b#

You will save other players by breaking up double Plays.

c.

Youwill score more runs during the season#

d#

Youwill steal bases and be the spark of spirit that wins the game#

e#

You will raise your place in the batting order*

31 B.

POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

How to reach home and raise the score 1.

i■ iih m m

How to get away from the plate* H

n ii ii

■ n iiiin— i r r— 'M r w u i W H

mu—

t M M K i n i m »'•i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . .

a.

Drop, do not throw the hat.

b.

Run out all balls which have been hit in fair ter­ ritory.

c. Push off with your front foot. d.

Look down the base line and start running when the ball is hit.

e.

Donft watch the ball because the coach will tell you what to do.

f«

Break for first base at full speed when in doubt as to whether the ball is fair or foul.

g.

Get away as fast as

possible instead ofposing

after

your follow through. 2.

How to reach first base on a close play. a.

Stride over first base rather than jumping atit.

b.

Touch the base squarely on top.

This procedure will

prevent many ankle injuries. c.

Run past the base at full speed and slow down when returning to the base.

d.

Avoid sliding into first base unless you arebeing tagged by the first base man.

e.

Run down the three foot lane when approaching the



FIGURE 3 WHEN ROUNDING

33 base* 5*

How to reach first base on an outfield base hit•

(See

Figure 3.) a*

Make a wide turn before touching the base so as to leave the shortest distance to the next base*

b*

Touch the inside of the base, preferably with the left foot, when rounding the base.

c*

Round the base fast because an error may allow you to advance to another sack*

4.

How to lead off* a*

Know who has the ball before leading off.

b.

Watch the ball when taking a lead.

c.

Face the ball at all times.

d.

Know the maximum distance you are safe in leading off the base.

e.

Move off the base slowly and cautiously.

f.

Stand in foul territory when on third base.

g.

Distribute your weight evenly on both feet.

Do

not

lean toward the next base or you will be easily picked off. 5.

How to be skillful as a base runner. a.

Be conscious of the outs and the count on the hitter.

b.

Flay safe when far behind.

34 o.

Refuse conversation with the opponent covering the base which you occupy.

d.

Know the rules and it will save your team many disas ters on the bases.

e.

Stay cool, confident, and collected.

The jitters

will telegraph your intended moves to the enemy.

f.

Move toward the next base as the pitcher delivers to the plate but be ready to return to the original base if the ball is not hit.

g.

Watch the ball if it is hit in front of you.

h.

Watch the coach for signals if the ball has been hit behind you.

i.

Toucheach bag and never miss a base.

j.

Delaybeing tagged as long as possible when trapped, especially if there are other base runners.

k.

Be intelligent.

To be merely reckless is foolish.

How to steal* a*

Study the pitcher*s movements, both while a base runner and while in the dugout.

b.

Bet the jump on the pitcher.

You usually steal off

the pitcher rather than the catcher. c.

Break fast with the pitch for the next base.

You

should be at full speed within two steps. d.

Look at the next base, not back at the ball.

e.

Use the cross over step in starting to steal a base.

f.

Steal only when it will directly benefit the team.

g.

Acquire a good lead before stealing.

Never attempt

a theft without a proper lead. h.

Listen to the instructions of the coach.

How to tag up on a fly ball. a.

Return to third base on any ball hit in the air with less than two out.

b.

Watch the outfielder closely who is to catch the ball.

c.

Break for the plate at full speed the moment the ball is caught.

d.

Take care not to leave too soon or you will undoubt­ edly be called out and it will cost your team a run.

e.

Look at the next hitter for the signal to slide or to stand up as you cross the plate.

36 f•

Take more chances on a short fly with one out than with none out*

g*

Score after a foul fly has been caught as well as after a fair ball*

Howjto...slide• a*

(See Illustration 8.)

Slide to prevent being tagged or to prevent over­ running the base.

b.

Slide when the play is rather close and you are in doubt.

c.

Avoid headfirst slides. effective.

They are dangerous and less

(See Illustration 9.)

d.

Avoid jumping at the base.

e.

Slide feet first.

f.

Never change your mind when you have once decided to slide.

This action causes many sprained or

broken ankles. g.

Run and slide hard.

Show f,gutsff, meaning courage

and competitive spirit. h.

Keep your eyes on the player covering the base when you are sliding.

i.

Slide to the side away from the fielder.

j.

Assume a semi-sitting position about ten or fifteen feet from the bag.

k.

Drop down at an angle, not vertically.

u > —j ILLUSTRATION 8 THE HOOK SLIDE

38 1.

Helax the leg you slide on.

m.

Slide directly into the base on a force play.

n.

Avoid double plays by sliding into and forcing con­ tact with the opposing player covering second base.

o.

Never spike an opponent intentionally.

To do so is

degrading to both you and your team and is not tol­ erated • p.

Beware of your spikes catching in the dirt.

Many

injured legs result from this. 9.

10.

How to hook slide.

(See Illustration 8.)

a.

Fall with your weight on your right hip muscle.

b.

Keep both knees bent.

c.

Hook the base with the left foot.

d.

Present just a foot at the base to be tagged.

How to slide straight in. a.

Bend your right knee so your right calf is under your left leg.

b.

Hold your left leg fairly rigid, toes up.

c.

When contact with the bag is made, straighten your right leg and rise to a running position.

11.

How to accomplish the fade-av/ay slide• a.

Slide feet first as In the hook slide.

b.

Angle away from the base as you slide thus missing

ILLUSTRATION 9 THE HEAL FIRST SLIDE

40 the base with your feet. c.

Reach back to grasp the bag with your hand as you slide past the base.

d.

Employ this type of slide when the fielder is block­ ing the base.

e.

Rehearse frequently in practice.

Don1t wait until

the championship game as you may miss the base. C.

PERFORMANCE

How to better your skill on the bases 1. How to develop your ability individually. a.

During batting practice, break away from the plate fast on the last swing.

b.

Use pits of sand or sawdust to practice sliding.

c.

Have yourself photographed executing the hook slide and the fade-away slide.

Examine the photographs

for mistakes. d.

Make a list of five ways injuries may occur while sliding into a base.

2.

How to improve your play with the squad. a.

Execute the squeeze play with other members of the squad.

b.

Set up a mock defense.

Practice stealing, sliding,

and running plays and watch for mistakes.

c.

Lin© up side "by side at a base leaving one squad member to pitch the ball.

Have a contest to deter­

mine who can break away from the base quickest at the pitch

D.

EVALUATION

H ow to better your play be testing

1.

YES-NOs

After each dayTs practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following. a.

Y N ( )( ) When a ball is hit down the base line do I stand at the plate until I see whether it will go foul?

b.

( )( ) Am

I slowing up going over first base so

that I can stop quicker after running past ;,t" • PERFORMANCE

How to learn to make proper use of base coaching with drills \ :• ..*■ ^ C r v v ;£*"'■ How to improve your play individually. ■ 4.

1.

a.

.

*-

'•

>*•'

"'■r

•' *

,

,:V

*•’*■ .»’■ V -

^

'i

*

‘

Read all available literature on base coaching procedures and methods.

b.

Make a study schedule for the coming week.

Know the

speed and throwing arms of the opposing players, especially the outfielders.

2

. How a.

to develop your ability with the Perform a series of short skits for fellow squad members showing the right and wrong methods of coaching bases.

b.

Instruct your team mates as to the correct way to

signal the play to the runners* D.

EVALUATION

How to analyze your advancement YBS-NO;

After each day!s practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following* a.

Y N ( )( )

Do I call to the team mate on the bases rather than use arm signals?

b*

( )( )

Am I busy talking to the fielders when there is little action?

c.

()()

Do I stray out of the coaching box before the ball is hit?

d*

( )( )

Do I always have a good alibi when I make a mistake?

e*

( )( ) Do I leave the runner on second to shift for himself as the other coach will take care of him?

MULTIPLE CHOICE;

Analyze your performance in practice

today and correct your faults tomorrow• a*

( ) When a runner pulls up to my base I tell him (1)

about my latest girl friend, (2)

number of outs and plays to expect, (3)

the the

umpire is poor and to leave early on a tag up, (4)

that the center fielder’s arm Is bad*

b.

( ) When a runner Is

on second base and a single

goes to center field I (1)

stay in the coach1s

box and signal for him to score, (2)

run out

the left field line where X can see the ball more clearly, (3)

go about half way to the

plate and signal the runner, (4)

wire Lou

Boudreau for instructions. c. ( ) When in doubt about the number of outs (1) the opposing infielder, (2) (3)

ask

ask the runner,

ask the umpire, (4) .guess. E.

SOURCES

How to find suggested related readings 1.

BASIC TEXT REFERENCES:

Books and pages which are closely-

related to the subject.

2.

a. Allen 210-213

c. DIMaggio 156-163

b.

d. Hammett 254-256

Coombs 165-168

SCHOLASTIC COACH:

Outstanding articles on the topic of

this chapter. a.

“Baseball Signs” p. 8, February 1946.

b.

“Make Baseball EasyI” p. 28, March 1946.

c»

“Offensive Baseball” p. 10, February 1948.

52

PART III.

INTEGRATING THE OFFENSE

HOW TO COORDINATE INDIVIDUAL A C T I O N W I T H TEAM PLAY

The pitch is in the air. plate.

The manner breaks for home

The batter bunts the ball and the winning run streaks

across the plate*

That is a short story of how team coopera*

tion and timing cut down another enemy.

It is not encour­

aging to toil and practice all w e e k and then w h e n the game is played to leave the winning run stranded on third base* Part III will assist you to make our short story a reality instead of sending the local followers through the exits in

CHAPTER 5.

STRATEGY

HOW TO MOVE WHILE THE OPPOSITION IS DREAMING Will you be the hero or the goat?

If you catch the

opponent off balance, you are the hero* may spend the next game on the bench.

If you drift, you This chapter gives

you pointers not only on how to stay off the bench but how to be the hero of the day.

A.

MOTIVATION

Rewards gained by thinking ahead 1.

2.

Fuller school life. a.

You will be known as a smart ball player.

b.

You will bring athletic honor to your school*

Success on the team* a.

You will be in the lineup every game*

b.

You will look to the future.

”Heads-upff ball play-

54 ers often become managers of professional teams or school coaches. c.

You will penetrate the opponents defense with your strategy.

d.

You will take advantage of the opponents weakness with well-timed plays. B.

POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

How to cope quickly with every situation 1.

How to use a.

How

the hit and run•

to hit on the hit and

run.

(1)

Be ahead of the pitcher.

(2)

Hit the ball to the ground.

(3)

Swing at the next pitch even if it is a ball.

(4)

Hit the ball through the spot vacated by the player who covers second base.

b.

How to run on the hit and (1)Break (2)

run.

for second base on the next pitch.

Slide into second base because you are stealing if there is no ,fcrack” of the bat.

(3)

Watch the ball if it is hit ahead of you.

(4)

Look at the third base coach for instructions if the ball is hit behind you.

(5)

Return to first base instantly If the ball has been hit Into the air for an out.

55 2.

How to use the squeeze play• a.

How to bunt on the squeeze play. (1)

Bunt the next pitch or the runner will be caught off base.

(2)

Wait until the pitcher has released the ball before revealing your intention to bunt.

(3)

Keep the bunt close to the base line, preferably the first base line.

(4)

Follow the points listed under sacrifice bunt in Chapter 2.

b.

How to run on the squeeze play. (1)

Break for the plate with the pitch but not be­ fore or you will give the play away.

(2)

Slide at the plate in order to make it more difficult for the ball to be put on you.

(3)

Run in foul territory so that in case the ball hits you you will not be out.

(4)

Steal home in the event the batter misses pitch.

5.

It is too late to return to third base.

How to steal with runners on first and a.

the

third.

How to run from first base. (1)

Break for second with the pitch.

(2)

Hold up if you are likely to be caught.

(3)

Invite being caught In a run up to give the

56 runner on third a chance to score. (4) b.

Make second if it

is evident you can do so.

How to run from third base. (1)

Stand on the base line so the catcher can not see third base.

(2)

Wa i t for the catcher to throw to second base.

(3)

Look out for bluff throws by the catcher.

(4)

Break for the plate wh e n you are sure the ball is going through to second.

(5)

W atch the batter for instructions as to whether you should slide or run on through.

(6)

Start for home wh e n the longest throw is being made if the other

(7)

runner is caught in a run up.

Fake a break for the plate wh e n you see a cut off play be the defense then return to third to allow your team mate to get into second safely.

57 C.

PERFORMANCE

How to keep from being a tfbonehead” with learned assignments 1.

How to elevate yourself individually* a.

Confer with your coach on play situations by dis­ cussing the various advantages and disadvantages.

b.

Develop a chart showing strategies employed in many different situations.

2.

How to use team play advantageously. a.

Remain on the field fifteen minutes after practice each day to run through problem plays with three or four team members.

b.

Get an older and more experienced ball player to talk to your group on the importance of strategy. Write down the important points that you wish to remember. D.

EVALUATION

How to gain by measurement 1.

YSS-NQ:

After each dayrs practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following. a.

Y N ( )( )

Do I use the hit and run when the pitcher is ahead?

b.

( )( )

Am I swinging for distance on the hit and

58 run? O.

( )( ) Do

I tend to bunt the ball toward the pitch­

er on a squeeze play? d.

( )( ) Am

I running in fair territory from third

base on a squeeze play? e*

( )( ) Am

I letting the pitcher know X intend to

bunt on a squeeze play before he releases the ball? f*

( )( ) When stealing second with a runner on third do I slide into second when thrown out easily?

2*

MULTIPLE CHOICES

Analyze your performance in practice

today and correct your faults tomorrow* a*

( ) When I am on third and the catcher fakes a throw to second on a double steal I (1) for the plate, (2)

break

return to third base, (3)

fake going to third and break for the plate, (4)

slide into the plate forcing contact with

the catcher and allowing the runner at second to be safe* b.

( )

The squeeze play signal is flashed while I am at the plate so I bunt (1) (2)

the next strike, (3)

(4)

the second strike*

the next pitch, the second pitch,

59 c.

( )

W h e n on third base and a team mate breaks for second on a double steal I should be standing (1)

inside the base line,

line,

(3)

(2)

on the base

outside the base line,

(4)

on the

base.

E.

SOURCES

How to get what you want

1*

BASIC TEXT R E F E R E N C E S :

Books and pages which are closely

related to the s u b j e c t # a.

A llen 164-168, 225-224

b.

Chapman 47-59

c.

Clarke 146-167

d.

Coombs 161-164,

e•

Hammett 243-245, 248-250

f.

Jessee 85-89

171-173

2.

SCHOLASTIC COACH:

Outstanding articles on the topic of

this chapter, a*

'’Baseball Practices” p. 7, March 1945.

b.

"Baseball's Little Diamonds” p. 7, April 1945.

c. "Diamond from the Rough” p. 24, January 1948. d.

"Know the Rules” p. 28, February 1948.

e.

"Offensive Baseball” p. 10, February 1948.

f. "Squad Details” p. 7, May 1947.

61 CHAPTER 6.

SIGNALS

HOW TO GIVE AND TAKE SIGNS An army would be organized confusion without codes and secret messages.

By the same token a baseball team, if they

had no way of pulling a surprise attack, would be helpless. Signals must be clear to the decipher by the enemy.

receiver and yet difficult to

Only practice with signals and well

timed signs will make you and your team dangerous at all times.

You or your team can

not hope to be successful If

you are not efficient at this part of A.

the game.

MOTIVATION

Rewards gained by clever signs 1.

Fuller school life. a.

You will develop character, Initiative, and coopera­ tion by working with the team.

b.

You will earn a school letter and better your social opportunities.

2.

Success on the team. a.

You will take an active part in the game instead of sitting on the bench.

b.

You will help your team become a winning team.

c.

You will start the greatest offensive threat of the game.

62 B«

POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

How to surprise the opposition 1.

How to use signals. a.

Give signals to mold the individual efforts Into teamwork.

b.

Use very few signals.

c. Keep signals simple and easily understood. d.

Use the signal for the next pitch only.

e. Use signal to call off the play. f*. Develop natural motions as signals.

They are hard

for the enemy to catch. g. Change signals frequently. h.

Design your signals to meet the team’s needs.

i. Have a great deal of variety in your signals to avoid confusion. 2.

How to give signals. a.

Give signal the moment the runner returns to the base.

b.

Keep your eyes averted from the player the signal is intended for.

c.

Act in a natural way.

Do not get fidgety or nervous

when you flash a signal. d.

Use other motions constantly. until you give a signal.

Don’t stand rigid

65 e.

Take

your time giving the signals.

Don*t rush it or

make the signal your first motion. f.

Plan

your message ahead of time so it is smooth and

not confusing. g.

F lash the signal just once or twice. makes the o p p o n e n t s

h.

Repetition

job of catching it easy.

Do not change signals in the middle of a game.

If

the enemy are catching the s igns t have a different member of your team give them.

5.

How to take signals as a batter. a.

Cancel the play whe n the next pitch is fouled off after a signal is given.

b.

Follow the instructions of the signals.

Your team

mates are depending on you. c.

Delay your entrance into the batter*s box until the coach has had time to flash a signal.

d.

Step out of the batter*s box if you feel you have

64 missed a signal. 4.

Let the coacher flash it again.

How to take signals as a runner. a.

Don*t look away the moment a signal is flashed.

This

movement gives the opponent the advantage. b.

Glanee at the coach after each pitch.

c.

Glance repeatedly at the coach after a signal is given.

The enemy assumes that you are still looking

for a sign. C.

PERFORMANCE

How to increase your value to the team with signal activities 1.

How to h eighten your efficiency individually. a.

Perfect your technique in keeping signals covered from opposing players.

b.

Make a list of five easy ways to pick up signals from the opposition.

c.

Draw several cartoons showing the confusion and bad play resulting when even one member of the team miss­ es a signal.

Post these on the dressing room bulle­

tin board. d. 2.

Make a list of and memorize all of the team signals.

How to forward your efforts with the team. a.

Practice giving and taking signals in the gym or at home when rain prevents out-of-doors activities.

65 b.

Set up an inter-squad game situation relying on signals for its development.

c.

Practice giving and taking signals with fellow play­ ers any time during workouts.

EVALUATION

How to show your rate of increase by answering questions I.

YES-NO:

After each dayfs practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following. Y

N

a.

( )( ) Do I have signals for seldom usedplays?

b.

( )( ) Aremy signals complicated?

c.

( )( ) Am I constantly changing signals?

d.

( )( ) Do I look at the player the signal is intend­ ed for until he sees it?

'I

X

*"

( )( )

* .

:r k

£

.

• *

'

'-V"

‘

*%

Do I give signals haphazardly without think­ ing them out ahead of time?

■

f

v

..

'S

■

?

*

'

66 2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Analyze your performance in practice

today and correct your faults tomorrow• a*

( )

When the enemy catches my signals during the game I (1) more, (3)

change signs, (2)

don!t give any

let the batter give them, (4)

have

someone else on the team give them* b.

( )

After a signal has been flashed It is on (1) for the next pitch, (2) pitches, (3)

for the next two

for the next three pitches, (4)

until the play is completed* c* ( )

When a signal is flashed to me I (1) immediately, (2)

look away

ask the nearest team mate if

it is correct, (3)

keep looking at the signal

giver as if still looking for a signal,

(4)

look at the score board* E,

SOURCES

How to locate related works 1,

BASIC TEXT REFERENCES:

Books and pages which a r e closely

related to the subject* a*

Allen 229-242

b.

Clarke 167-174

c*

Coombs 165-170

d.

DiMaggio 156-161

e.

Hammett 254-256

f*

Jessee 85-86

2m

SCHOLASTIC COACE:

Outstanding articles on the topic of

thla chapter* a.

"Baseball Signs" p. 8, February 1946*

b.

"Make Baseball Easyi" p* 28, March 1946.

c.

"Offensive Baseball" p. 10, February 1948.

68 CHAPTER 7.

CONDITIONING

FIOW TO TRAIN FOR BASEBALL The player who insists on competing when he is out of shape only hurts himself. curs injuries more easily.

When he becomes fatigued he in­ The player to whom the term

"burned out11 is applied is often the result of such action. To stay on top for years to come, apply some of the follow­ ing suggestions. A.

MOTIVATION

Rewards gained by being in condition for baseball 1.

Fuller school life. a.

You will maintain regular attendance and have fewer illnesses by taking care of your body.

b.

You will improve your appearance and be more dateable.

c.

You will have a more active life by being full of pep.

2.

Success on the team. a.

You will play a superior game by being alert.

b.

You will play the maximum time without exhaustion.

c.

You will play more often and longer.

d.

You will get to the top easier and stay there long­ er with a good sound body.

69 B.

POINTS TO EMPHASIZE

H ow to play better ball by being in shape

1.

How to get in condition on the f i e l d , a.

Use calisthenics, especially in pre-season and early season practice,

b. g

.

d.

Ru n wind sprints. Do physical w o r k frequently. Throw easily for long periods but not long enough to tire the a r m muscles.

e.

Quit playing before you are completely exhausted.

f.

We a r good baseball shoes or blisters and foot trouble will bother you all season.

g.

We a r an extra sweat shirt in cold weather.

h.

Play 11pepper” w h e n you first go on the field.

!•

Hun after a ball.

D o n ft walk.

70 2,

How to get in condition off the field# a*

Receive a complete medical examination before the season begins.

b.

Get plenty of sleep.

c. Use proper eating habits. d.

Refrain from the use of tobacco and alcohol.

e. Avoid worry. f. Get plenty of fresh air and exercise. g. Attend social affairs only on nonschool nights. 5.

How to stay in condition. a. Exercise enough to stay in shape. b. Keep clean.

Shower after each practice.

c. Protect your muscles from wind and cold. d.

Discipline yourself.

Never endanger your health.

e. Guard against eating a heavy meal before a contest. f.

Change your sweat shirts and undergarments frequently.

g. Change socks often to prevent fungus and athletefs foot. h. Get vaccinated for smallpox and typhoid fever.

An

attack would ruin your whole season. i. Take a shower immediately after being taken out of the game.

Avoid sitting still and getting chilled.

j. Drink only small quantities of water during practice, k. Maintain your weight as excessive loss of weight is

71 dangerous. 1.

R un often to develop strength and strong breathing.

cc

4.

Ho w to prevent injury to y o u r s e l f . a.

Keep alert*

b.

Report all injuries immediately.

o.

Use your protective equipment at all times.

d.

Rest injured muscles.

e.

Look at the pitcher when near the batter*s box.

f.

W e a r no jewelry on the field.

Rings will cut your

fingers. g.

Stand across the plate from a batter rather than behind him.

C.

PERFORMANCE

H o w to strengthen your hold on a starting assignment

1.

How to develop endurance through individual a c t i v i t y , a.

Begin practice with a couple of laps to loosen up.

72 b.

Make a chart on preseason drills and warmups.

c. Consult your doctor if any injuries occur# d. 2#

Ask your coach about correct calisthenics to use#

How to become a valuable team member# a#

Have a squad member put on a pantomime to demonstrate the player in poor condition,

b.

Obtain a motion picture of the major leagues at spring training and show it to the group. D#

EVALUATION

How to magnify your misunderstandings by testing 1#

YES "-NO:

After each day*s practice ask yourself if you

are guilty of any of the following# a#

Y N ( )( ) Am I tapering off and occasionally loafing during calisthenics?

b.

( )( ) Do I play until I am completely exhausted?

c#

( )( ) Do I go without some of my protective equipment?

d.

( )( ) Am I frequently walking after a ball?

e#

( )( )

Do I attend social affairs on school nights?

f.

( )( )

Do I eat a heavy meal before playing a game?

g.

( )( )

Do I wear any jewelry on the field?

h.

( )( )

Do I leave loose equipment lying around the field?

73 2*

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Analyze your performance In p r a ctice

today and correct your faults t o morrow* a.

( )

W h e n a muscle is injured I should (1) (2)

rest it,

(3)

rub it,

continue to play on it,

(4)

play, but allow for it* b*

( )

A player is batting at the plate so I should stand (1) (3)

behind him,

(2)

behind the catcher,

E.

(4)

across from him, behind the pitcher

SOURCES

Ho w to find materials on baseball conditioning

1,

BASIC TEXT REFERENCES:

Books and pages which are closely

related to the subject* a*

A llen 222

d*

DiMaggio 17-18

b.

Chapman 3-12

e.

Ruby 19-33

c*

Coombs 256-265

74

2 . SCHOLASTIC COACH:

Outstanding articles on the topic of

this chapter# a* b.

“Common Shoulder Injuries11 p. 46, February 1948. “Diamond Drills” p. 7, February 1949*

c. “Every-day Conditioning” p. 7, May 1944. d.

“Offensive Baseball” p. 10, February 1948.

e. “Preventing Athletefs Foot” p. 36, March 1948. f. “The Schoolboy^ Diet” p. 46, December 1948.

bibliography

76 annotated bibliography

A. 1*

BOOKS

Allen, Ethan: Major League Baseball. New York, 1958.

Macmillan Company,

Ethan Allen, foremost author of baseball books today, is a former major leaguer and has a wealth of experience on which to rely. Major league stars are shown In photo­ graphs to add much color. 2.

Berry, Elmer: Baseball Notes for Coaches and Flayers. A. S. Barnes and Company, New York, 1930. In outline form, this book is brief and down to earth. Rather old book and of more value to the coach than the ball player.

3.

Brandt, William: Do You Know Your Baseball? and Company, New York, 1947.

A. S. Barnes

Detailed guide to aid players and coaches to learn the finer points of the game. 4.

Chapman, Charles E. and Severeid, Henry L.: Play BallI: Advice for Young Ballplayers. Harper & Brothers, New York, 1&41. Has a section on each portion of the game. The defensive section is especially good. Suggested reading for both player and coach.

5.

Clarke, W. J. and Dawson, Frederick T.: Baseball: In­ dividual Play and Team Play in Detail. Charles Scribner *s & Sons, New York, 1922. A general description of the over-all characteristics of a good ball player and how the game Is played.

6.

Cochrane, Gordon S.: Baseball, the Fans * Game. Company, New York, 1939.

Funk and

Cochrane relates much about professional ball playing and the major leagues. Interesting but not of great value to the beginner. 7.

Coombs, John W .; Baseball Individual Play and Team Strat­ egy. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, 1939.

77 A very complete book with a section devoted to each play­ ing position* Illustrated well and recommended for both young players and coaches* 8.

DiMaggio, Joseph P.; Baseball for Everyone* Whittlessey House, New York, 1948* Contains many anecdotes of the major league teams and of the players including excellent tips on how to play the game* The author cites many of his own experiences in both the minors and majors.

9* Dunne, Bert V.s 1947.

Play Ball*

Doubleday Company. New York.

Excellent material in chapters on use of the batting tee. This book is one of the be3t on the market for the young boy. 10. Foster, John B.: How to Bat* Company, New York, 1930.

American Sports Publishing

A rather old and out of date book. It still has many good batting suggestions as the game has not changed too greatly in this phase in the last 20 years. 11* Hammett, C. E* and Lundgren, C. L.s How to be an Athlete* D. G. Heath & Company, New York, 1923. Covers other sports as well as baseball and has many good points for the baseball player. Valuable for gen­ eral action of the game* 12.

Harris, Stanleys Baseball and How to Play It. Publishing Company, New York, 1925.

Stokes

Excellent for an evening13 reading but of not too much value for Instruction. Gives the life and experiences of Bucky Harris rather than advice to ball players. 13*

Jessee, Daniel E.s New York, 1939.

Baseball.

A* S* Barnes and Company,

Written by the baseball coach at Trinity College. A good book for the young ball player and for beginners. A short book, just 92 pages. 14.

Lloyd, Frank S.; Safety in Athletics. W. B. Sanders Company, Philadelphia,

78

Significant only in so far as the conditioning chapter is concerned. Good, section on injuries* 15.

McGraw, John J.; How to Play Baseball* New York, 1914.

Harper & Bros*,

Presents explicitly a practical program for teaching baseball at the time the book was published. 16.

Mouch, Warren W . : The Ins and Outs of In3ide Baseball* American National Game, Columbus, Ohio, 1945. Much pertinent material on the comparison of batting styles.

17.

Ruby, James Craig: How to Coach and Play Basketball. Bailey and Himes, Champaign, Illinois, 1926. Ruby is a basketball authority and his section on condi­ tioning is excellent. Baseball coaches should read and apply his principles to the diamond.

18.

Sheridan, John B.: Baseball for Beginners. American Sports Publishing Company, H e w York, 'ffoKSate. A review of the important points of fundamentals. section on batting. B.

Good

PERIODICALS

1.

Allen, Ethan: “Baseball Signs.” 15:8-11. February, 1946.

Scholastic Coach,

2.

Allen, Ethan: ’’Base Running•” April, 1948.

3.

’’Batter Up.”

4.

Boell, Ed: ’’Know the Rules.” February, 1948.

5.

Bullington, B. B.: ’’Base Running.” 15:12,50. April, 1946.

6.

Coombs, Jack: ’’Squad Details.” 16:7-9. May, 1947.

7.

Dacey, W. R.; ’’Diamond from the Rough.”

Scholastic Coach, 17:12.

Scholastic Coach, 17:10-11.

April, 1947.

Scholastic Coach, 17:28. Scholastic Coach,

Scholastic Coach, Scholastic

79 Coach, 17:24*

January, 1948.

8.

DiMaggio, Joseph: April, 1949.

9*

Donn, Dr. Henry F.: ’’The Schoolboy’s Diet.” Coach, 18:46. December, 1948.

10.

Hale, Sidney: April, 1946.

”Eow I Bat.”

nBunting.”

Scholastic Coach, 18:7. Scholastic

Scholastic Coach, 15:7-9.

11. Hale, Sidney: ”The Schoolboy Batter.” Coach, 15:7-9,16. March, 1946.

Scholastic

12. Hatch, William 0.: Preventing Athlete’s Foot.” Scholastic Coach, 17:36. March, 1948. 13. Roberts, A. W.: ”Make Baseball Easyi” Coach, 15:28,61. March, 1946. 14. "Sacrifice and Push Bunts.” April, 1948.

Scholastic Coach, 17:6.

15. Staruk, Ed: "Offensive Baseball.” 17:10. February, 1948. 16. ’’Styles in Swing.”

Scholastic

Scholastic Coach,

Scholastic Coach, 17;9.

17. Tierney, Robert: ”Diamond Drills.” 18:7. February, 1949.

May, 1948•

Scholastic Coach,

18. Tobey, Dave: ’’Baseball’s Little Diamonds.” Coach, 14:7-8. April, 1945. 19. Torpe, Dominick J •: ”Baseball Practices.” Coach. 14:7,30. March, 1945.

Scholastic Scholastic

20.

Welzel, Orville C.: ”Every-day Conditioning.” Scholas­ tic Coach, 13:7-9. May, 1944.

21.

Wyre, A. J.: "Common Shoulder Injuries.” Coach, 17:46. February, 1948.

Scholastic