A handbook of projects and procedures for woodshop teachers

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A HANDBOOK OP PROJECTS AND PROCEDURES FOR WOODSHOP TEACHERS

A Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

by Carl Gaydon June 1950

UMI Number: EP46322

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

Dissertation Publishing

UMI EP46322 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code

ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346

0 £

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T h i s p r o je c t r e p o r t, w r i t t e n u n d e r the d ire c tio n o f the cand id a te ’s a d v is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by h i m , has been p resented to a n d accepted by the F a c u l t y o f the S c h o o l o f E d u c a t i o n in p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t of the

re q u ire m e n ts f o r

the degree

of M a s te r

Science in E d u c a tio n .

d

..

.. A d v is e r

Dean

of

ii

TABLE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER

PAGE PART I

ORGANIZATION

1.

Equipment Needed to Build the Projects • • 1

2.

General Supplies and Materials .......... PART II

PLATE

5

PROJECTS

3.

Salt and Pepper Shakers ......... •....... * 10

13

Ip*

Scratch Pad Block

17

5.

Cutting Board •••••.••••••••

6.

..................... llj. 18

Key Rack ........... ............... .......

21

22

25

7.

Spice Shelf ••••••.••••

26

29

8.

Cribbage Board ...•

30

33

9.

Napkin Holder - Pattern #1

3^

37

...........

10.

Napkin Holder - Pattern # 2

38

Ip-

11.

Toy Wagon

l\2

lp>

12.

Kitchen Shelf ••••••••••••••••«...... ... . lj.6

I_|_9

13*

Book Ends

53

llj..

Pipe Rack

15*

Combination B o x

58

6l

l6.

Book B o x .............. ••••••

62

65

17•

Memo Pad .......

66

69

18.

Photo A l b u m

70

73

19*

Grocery List •••.••••••..................

7i|-

77

20.

Knife Holder

78

81

21.

Leave A Note

82

85

50 .............................. 5I|-

57

lii

CHAPTER

PAGE

22.

Corner S h e l f ........... ..................

86

89

23.

Wall Shelf # 1

T.

90

93

2I4—

Wall S h e l f .................................

9^

97

25.

Wall Shelf # 2 .............................

98

101

26.

Corner S h e l f

102

105

27*

Modern Lamp

106

109

28.

Plant Box

110

113

29*

Christmas Tree S t a n d ....................

lllj.

117

PART III

EVALUATION AND SELECTION

30.

Evaluation of Completed P r o j e c t

31.

Criteria for Selecting Projects •••••••.• 122

BIBLIOGRAPHY

........

119

12i|.

PLATE

iv

PREFACE TO TEACHERS This handbook should be helpful to persons who are starting their first year of teaching,

to those people who

have woodshop thrust upon them and also to the experienced Industrial Arts instructor who is looking ‘for new material and ideas. W ood projects that can be made by every boy in the class,

that hold the students* interest until the projects

are finished,

that are useful when taken home,

that have a

pleasing design, and that teach the necessary skills are difficult to find.

Present day designers and authors seem

to favor those projects which involve machine tools, dif­ ficult joints, a great deal of material, and ingenuity. This factor leaves the teacher of the beginning student in woodwork to design his own projects or to rely on the older books and publications which are too far behind modern design to be of much value. Articles to be made from wood have been designed, lected,

col­

and adapted with the beginning student and his teach'

er in mind.

The projects have been used in the junior high

school woodshop for several years and have met with excell­ ent success as to retaining student interest, utilizing the projects,

and adapting the material to teaching the skills

^generally recommended for the beginning students* course in woodwork.

V

flA Handbook of Projects and Procedures for Woodshop Teachers” is not offered as a step by step sort of book; it will not tell you how to square a board or drive a nail or drill a hole.

You will find the approach is practi­

cal throughout with how-to-build-it directions for each project clearly and fully given.

Chapters on general supp­

lies, tools and machinery are included to help the instruc­ tor when making out his yearly budget.

There are helpful

chapters on the evaluation of completed projects and on the criteria for selecting new projects, and there is a biblio­ graphy of source material. Acknowledgement of help on this book is given to W o r k ­ ing with Plastic by Arthur Dunham for method of presentation; Harry L. Smith, Larry Taylor and Louis Renner for the work­ ing drawings used in the book; Miss June Robinson for proof­ reading; Mrs. Betty Rose and Mr. E. H. Clopper for typing.

MASTER TOUCH

A famous headmaster of a school said that if he saw a boy in despair over his work he always gave him a higher mark than he deserved*

The following week the boy always

made a higher mark himself.

Joseph port Newton, hiving up to Life (Harpers)

2

CHAPTER 1 EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO BUILD THE PROJECTS Following is an equipment list for a woodworking shop in the seventh grade. tools presented.

All the projects may be made with the

As this list does not give the number of

each tool needed, individual instructors will be able to arrive at the totals suited to their own requirements.

A*

Measuring, Mark i n g , and Squaring T o o l s ;

1 . Two foot ruler 2.

Framing square

3.

Try square - 6 in., 10 in

.

1|>

Marking gauge

5.

T —

6.

Dividers - 6 in., 10 in.

7.

Scratch awl

Bevel

Saws:

1 . Crosscut saw 10 pt. 2.

Ripsaw 6 pt.

3.

Backsaw

k.

Coping saw

5.

Hack saw

3

C.

D.

E.

Planes: 1.

Jack plane

2.

Junior jack plane

3.

Smooth plane

ip.

Block plane

(for smaller boys)

Braces, Hand Dr i l l s , Bits, D r ills: 1*

Brace 10 in.

2.

Hand drill

3*

Auger bits - sizes ip — l6

Ip.

Forstner bit l/2 - 3/ip in.

5.

Expansive bit

6.

Countersink

7.

Twist drills HS size l/l6 in. to l/2 in* -

8.

Bit gauge

Files: 1.

Wood rasp

2.

Half round cabinet

3*

Flat cabinet

Ip.

Round or rat-tail

5.

Triangular - tapered file

6.

Auger bit file

7.

File card

It

P.

G.

Wood Clamps: 1*

Screw clamp 6 in., and 12 in.

2.

Bar clamps 2 ft., and 6 ft.

Others: 1.

Chisels 1 /if in., 3/8 in., l/2 in

2.

Screw drivers

3.

Claw hammer

k.

Mallet

5.

Kail set

6.

Pliers

7*

Oilstone

8.

Grinder

Machine Tools: 1.

Jig saw

2.

Drill press

3.

Mitre box and saw

6

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS This list of general supplies and materials is presen­ ted as being necessary to complete all the projects*

The

amount of any one item will be determined by the local needs.

A*

Desires of the individual may supplement this list.

Abrasives Flintpaper

#0 #00 #000 #0000

Garne t

#00 #000

Steelwool B.

C*

Brads

Brushes - Paint

#000 1/2"

#20

5/8"

#18

3A”

#18

1"

#18

1/2" 1" 1" Varnish

D.

Cuphooks

3/V'

Brass

7

E*

P.

Escutcheon Pins

iA"

#18

3A"

#18

Finishing Materials Alcohol - Denatured Enamel - white, red, green, brown Flat undercoat - white Shellac - white Stain Oil - Mahogany, Maple, Walnut Thinner - Paint Turpentine Varnish - Spar, Marine

G.

Glue LePages - Animal Archers - Liquid

H.

Lumber

#1 Clear Sugar or Ponderosa Pine, Basswood l / V f thick

l/Vf

** Plywood

Maple Dowel 3/l6f1 - 1/Ip” - 3/S”

8

I.

Nails

J.

Rags

K*

Woods crews

3 d Finish i). d

«

6 d

"

Round head blue 1"

#8

Plat head bright 1"

#8

Plat head bright

3/V'

#6

O T T

X L

10

CHAPTER 3 SALT AND PEPPER SHAKERS Tills pair of shakers will be used every day on the breakfast or dinner table; also they are a useful, unbreak­ able addition to that picnic basket and are handy for those back yard snacks that the kids and grown-ups like.

A.

No, of P c s .

Bill of Material

Kind of Wood

Size

2

Redwood, Pine, Basswood

1 3/8” x 1

2

Maple Dowel

l/8lf x 1 ”

1 L- ■ tiJ I-I ( 4 t> e/vv,. ,. 1\1tV/

3/8” x 3”

1l' H 1
or f~/o/e

1 t Plate

2

S C R A T C H R X D Fa/f Dca/e

S L O C K

18

CHAPTER $ CUTTING BOARD This useful cutting board is a welcome addition to any kitchen; it is a big help when you are preparing tossed salads, meats, or chicken; it is a convenient item to take along when you go out for a barbecue or picnic•

A.

Bill of Material

No. of Pcs.

Kind of Wood

Size

Ponderosa Pine

3/k-tT x 9" x l V

B.

Tools

Ruler 2*

Jack plane

Framing square

Jig saw

Try square

Wood file

Cross cut saw

Sanding block ,

19

C.

Procedure

• i

1.

Get out rough stock, l / V 1 should be added to the finish­ ed width and length to allow for squaring.

2.

Square stock to finished dimension 3 / V f x 9 ft x lfy*” • If stock is not exact size when squared the pattern can be made smaller*

3*

Trace or lay out the selected pattern on the squared stock.

To get the pattern on the stock, a template may

be used or lay out the pattern direct from the drawing. l\.+ Saw out the design on the jig saw, keep on the waste

side of the line so that the line may be used as a guide for shaping. Use a wood file and shape to design; make sure all saw marks are removed. 6.

Sand all surfaces; use #0 sandpaper to remove all nicks, saw marks and file marks.

Use #000 sandpaper to finish

sanding. !•

Apply coat of paste wax and allow to set for three or four minutes, rub vigorously with a* clean rag, apply second coat of wax and repeat rubbing until the cutting board shines.

20

D.

Evaluation of Project

1.

Does the finished cutting board closely match the design?

2,

Has a good, smooth job bnen done on cutout and

shaping?

3*

Sanding is important; has the student done the

best job

possible in removing all nicks and scratches? !(.. Has the wax been applied properly to give the project a gleaming finish?

21

Plate

18

CUTTING BOARD Tull Scalc %

22

CHAPTER 6 KEY RACK Here is the answer to that every-day problem - the lost key*

Hang this key rack in your kitchen or service

porch and presto - there are your keys when you want them.

A*

Ho. of Pcs* 1

Bill of Material

Kind of Wood

Size

Pine, Basswood or Maple

B.

l / 2 ,f x 5 ” x 11 l / V f

Tools

Ruler 2*

W ood file

Try square

H and drill

Jack plane

l/l 6fl Twist drill

Jig saw

23

C*

1.

Procedure

Get out stock, allow l / V ! on width and length for squar­ ing.

2.

Square stock to finished dimension l/2Hx 5 ,f x 11 l/lfH •

3*

Lay out position of cuphooks and drill l/l 6 !l hole about l/lj.” deep.

Ij..

Lay out pattern, this may be done either with a template or direct from the working drawing.

5.

Saw out design on the jig saw and shape with the wood file.

6.

Sand with #00 and #000 sandpaper.

7.

Apply two coats of shellac, sand lightly between coats.

8.

Attach cup hooks.

D.

1.

Evaluation of Project

Has the transfer of dimension from drawing to stock been done accurately?

2.

Was layout completed entirely by the student?

3*

Cutout and shaping are important; has the student done a good job?

Are the euphooks installed properly? Is the finished project full size and attractively finished?

/

Plate

I}.

KEY RACK fu /f

Sca/e

26

CHAPTER 7 SPICE SHELF This significant little spice shelf places all the spices at your finger tips, yet it will not be in the way. The item is ideal for those people who favor the spicy flavor.

A.

Bill of Material

2

Size

Kind of Wood

Ho. of Pcs.

Ponderosa Pine

1 1 1

B.

iA" iA"

X

iA" iA"

X

Tools

Ruler 2*

Dividers

Try square

Jig saw

Framing square

Hammer

Jack Plane

Hail set

X

X

5 3A" x 5 lAw X 2*1 x 12” 2 5/8” x

27

Back saw

Wood file

C.

1*

Procedure

Get stock for sides, bottom shelf, riser and top shelf* Allow l / V 1 for squaring.

2.

Square two pieces to 5 3 / k 11 x

7,f for the ends.

Lay out

the design for the end piece. 3*

Cut ends out on jig saw, be sure to cut on the waste side of the line.

Shape with wood file.

If.* Square the bottom to finished dimension l/V* x 2 ft x 12” . 5»

Square the riser to finished dimension l/V* x 2 11 x 12M .

6 . Square the top shelf to finished dimension

l/V* x 2

5/8”

x 1211• 7*

Sand all pieces, using #00 sandpaper to remove all nicks, pencil marks and file marks*

Use #000 sandpaper to

finish sanding*

8 . Assemble parts using l ff #20 brads.

Set brads and fill

holes with wood dough, allow to dry and sand smooth. 9*

Apply finish.

Undercoat should be put on first

and sand­

ed smooth - colored enamel or combination of colors may be used for finished coat*

28

D.

1.

Evaluation of Project

Was the design followed for the two ends and do they match?

2.

Are the shelves and riser cut accurately?

3*

Is the project sturdy, will it stand up under ordinary use?

if*

Does the color combination indicate good selection?

5*

Has the finishing material been applied properly, no piling or runs?

12

Plate

5

5 PICE SHELF Scale i ’/

30

CHAPTER 8 CRIBBAGE BOARD j

Here is a necessary item for those people who like to play cribbage; however the board can be used as a score board for other games played by adults or children,

A.

No. of Pcs,

Bill of Material

Kind of Wood

Size

1

Red Gum

l/ 2 ” x

2 1/V* * 10"

1

Maple Dowel

l / 8tf x

1"

1

350 Aluminum

,020 x

7/l6ff x 1 I/I4.”

B.

Tools

Ruler 2*

l/ 8lf Twist drill

Try square

3/8 !1 Twist drill

Jack plane

l/l 6fl Twist drill

Wood file

Hand drill

\

T- Bevel

Drill press

Hammer

Swiss pattern files

31

C.

1.

Procedure

Get out rough stock - allow l/V* ? or squaring.

2 . Square stock to finished dimension l/ 2 ft x 2 1/V1 x 10”. 3.

Mark and cut the chamfer, make sure chamfer is no larger than called for on the drawing.

I|.. Lay out pattern for the four be taken to get the holes in 5.

Mark each place where a hole awl.

rows of holes.

Care should

straight lines. is to be drilled with an

Drill the holes on the drill press, using l / 8”

twist drill.

Holes should be 1

deep.

6 . Mark and drill the hole for storing pegs.

Here two l/lf”

holes m a y be used in place of one 3/8** hole. 7.

Make four pegs on the drill press, the design m a y be the i n d i v i d u a l s original.

Color the pegs, there should be

two of each color.

8.

Make cover for peg hole.

This cover is fastened in place

with two 3/k-11 escutcheon pins. 9.

Sand cribbage board with #000 sandpaper and apply two coats of wax as a finish.

32

D.

1*

Evaluation of Project

Layout of the holes is important; has it been done according to the working drawing?

2.

Have the holes been drilled in straight lines?

3*

Have the pegs been made according to specifications?

if.

Have the pegs and board been finished as specified?

5*

Does the peg hole cover fit properly?

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8 Dia - Z Deep- Use T w ist D r ill

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Cover For Peg hole Plate

CRIBBAGE BOARD Full 5cale

CHAPTER 9 NAPKIN HOLDER - PATTERN #1 When you use paper napkins, this project is a must; for it will hold lots of napkins and add gay color to your table•

A.

Bill of Material

No. of Pcs,

Kind of Wood

Size

1

Pine

1/ 2 " x 2

2

Plywood

l/V

B.

l/ 2 " x 6"

x 6 " x 6"

Tools

Ruler 2 *

Screwdriver

Try square

Wood file

Jack plane

Twist drills 5/32fl - 3/32M

Jig or coping saw Dividers

Hand drill Countersink

35 G.

1.

Procedure

Square two pieces

plywood to finished dimension

6 " x 6” . 2.

Nail two pieces together with l/2M brads, pattern on one side,

trace apple

Locate and drill pilot hole.

Cut

out pattern on jig saw, 3*

Pile and sand design while still nailed together.

Use

#000 sandpaper, ij-. Square stock for base.

Locate center point,

half circle at both ends.

Gut on

scribe

jig saw and shape

with the file. 5.

Locate position of anchor holes and drill, use 3/32ff twist drill.

6.

Sand all pieces smooth and apply finish.

Apples may be

red, with brown stem and base may be green. 7.

Allow finish to dry and assemble. touched up with red after project

Screw heads m a y be is assembled.

36

D.

1.

Evaluation of Project

Has the design for the two sides been transferred to the stock correctly?

2.

Do the two sides match - accurate cutout and shaping?

3*

Have the screws been set properly in regard to anchor and pilot holes and countersinking?

if*

Has color combination been applied to specifications?

Scjuares

Make Z Pcs. Each Pt Thick

Eh. B. Screws Plate

7

N A P K IN Eulf

HOLDER

Scale

38

CHAPTER 10 NAPKIN HOLDER - PATTERN #2 If you want to add variety to your napkin holder, make one of each design.

A.

Bill of Material

No. of Pcs.

Kind of Wood

1

Pine

2

Plywood

B.

Size l/2M x 2 ” x 5 ” l/I|.ft x 3 11 x 5 3 / V f

Tools

Ruler 2*

Wood file

Try square

Twist drill 5 /32” - 3/32,f

Jack plane

Hand drill

Jig or coping saw Dividers

Screwdriver Countersink

39

C.

Procedure

1.

Square two pieces l/lj.” plywood to 3 l / V f x 6 t!*

2*

Nail two pieces together, use l/2" brads. cactus pattern.

Trace on

Locate and drill pilot holes through

both pieces. 3.

Cut out designs, file and sand smooth while designs are still nailed together*

ij.* Square stock for base.

Locate center point and scribe

half circle at both ends. • Cut on jig saw and shape with file. 5>. Locate position of anchor holes and drill with 3/32" twist drill.

6 . Sand all pieces smooth with #000 sandpaper.

Apply

finish to all pieces, cactus is green, base is brown. 7.

Allow to dry and assemble, screwheads may be touched with green to cover.

D*

1.

Evaluation of Project

Has the design been followed in cutout and shaping?

ko

2♦

Have, the screws been set according to directions?

3*

Does the project meet the "take home" standards?

}±.

How does project compare with those completed on model?

2 Screws‘“4 * ^ E H . B.

Plate

NAPKIN

8______

HOLDER

F u l l Scale

*4-2

CHAPTER 11 TOY WAGON Here is another intriguing toy that will keep the little sister or brother out of your hair.

Better make him

or her one for Christmas.

A*

Bill of Material

Kind of Wood

of PCS.

Pine

1

Size 3/8" X If" X 9"

2

3/8" X 2" x 8"

2

3/8" X 1 5/8" x It"

2

1/2" X 1/2" x

k

1/2" X 2"

B.

5"

Tools

Ruler

Jig saw

Try square

Wood file

Jack plane

Twist drill 3/l5" - 5/32" - l / 8"

Awl

Hand drill

Countersink

Screwdriver

C.

Square stock for

Procedure

the bottom.

pilot holes for axles.

Locate and drill anchor

Mark and cut

off front corners.

Square stock for two sides and two ends, fasten to bottom, use 3 d finishing nails. Cut to length two pieces for axles, find the center of each end and drill l/ 8ff anchor hole.

Attach to bottom

with 3/V* x #8 PHB screws. Cut out four wheels,

and drill a 5 / 3 2 ff hole through the

center for each wheel. Attach two wheels to each axle, make sure the wheels will turn on the

screws.

Use

Select color and

paint wagon,

1.1/21* x 9 RHB screws. wheels and body of wagon

should b© different colors.

D.

Evaluation of Project

Is project assembled to withstand hard use?

1*4

D.

2.

Evaluation of Project

Do moving parts function properly? Are all parts cut to specification - showing accuracy of construction?

i|#

Will the wagon attract the user; bright?

is the color gay and

1

$ 17///// U//n,

H v c fe

i

Plate

9

70/ W A G O N Sca/e ^ * /

CHAPTER 12 KITCHEN SHELF This object is just the right thing for keeping those salt and pepper shakers and pot holders in a particular place when they are needed, but out of the way when they are not being used.

A.

No« of Pcs.

2

Bill of Material

Kind of Wood Pine or Basswood

Size

5/8" x 5 " x 7"

1

1/2" x I). 1/2" x 15"

1

1/2" x 2 lA" x 15"

1

Maple Dowel

B.

3/8" x 15" x 5/8"

Tools

Ruler 2*

Brace

Try square

Auger bit #6

Framing square

Bit stop

Jack plane

Wood file

Hail set

Awl

C.

Get stock for sides.

Procedure

Square to finished dimension.

Both sides m a y be cut from one piece 7 n x 1 1 ” if pattern is interlapped. Locate and drill the holes for the dowel in each end. Cut out design and file to shape. Square to finished dimension the shelf and stringer. Loeate the position of the cuphooks on stringer. Round off front edge of shelf.

The jack plane is used

for this job. Cut dowel to length.

Sand all pieces smooth, use #000

sandpaper. Assemble shelf, insert dowel first, nail stringer in place and last nail in the shelf, using If. d finish nails. Set all nails, fill with wood filler, allow to dry and sand smooth. Apply finish.

Clear finish, combination of colors or

solid color may be used.

lj.8

D.

1*

Evaluation of Project

Has the design been followed in layout, cutout and shaping?

2.

Have the shelf and stringer been squared accurately?

3*

Has Kitchen shelf been assembled according to instruc­ tions?

!].•

Have cuphooks been located according to the working drawing?

5*

Does the selection of color combination make an attract­ ive finished project?

c L_

_

j

/