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A handbook for football players

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A HANDBOOK BOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS

A Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

M Selwyn Willard Yancy June 1950

UMI Number: EP46154

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

Dissertation Publishing

UMI EP46154 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code

ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346

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T h is p r o je c t r e p o r t, w r it t e n u n d e r th e d ir e c t io n o f the ca n d id a te ’s a d v is e r a n d a p p r o v e d by h im , has been pre se n te d to a n d accepted by the F a c u lt y o f the S c h o o l o f E d u c a t io n in p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f the re q u ire m e n ts f o r the degree

o f M a s te r o f

S cience in E d u c a t io n .

D a te ................................................. .........................

A d v is e r

Dean

University of Southern California Los Angeles, California January ?, 1950

Dr. Stieg, Librarian University of Southern California Los Angeles, California Dear Dr. Stieg: Please accept Mr. Selwyn Yancy's syllabus, which has been prepared on an elite typewriter. Yours truly,

C. C. CRAWFORD Professor of Education CCC:sy

ii

TABLE OE CONTENTS PACE PREFACE TO THE PLAYER .

...................................

vi

PART I. FUNDAMENTALS THE FOUNDATIONS OE FOOTBALL CHAPTER 1. BALL HANDLING: A.

HOW TO HANDLE THE BALL

of the hody

to the other while running

........................

C.

CATCHING: How to catch a pass or a punt

D.

KICKING:

How

various types

2.

....

to hold the of kicks

. . . . . . . . . .

h

............................. ..

5

LOOSE BALL: How to recover a loose h a l l .................

7

HOW TO

PERFORM THE'

A.

LINE:

H^^o

maneuver on

B.

INTMmlENCE:

C.

3ynCElSLD: How to protect offensively..................

D. /sPECIAL BLOCKS:

VARIOUS PHASES OE BLOCKING

. . . . 11

the l i n e ............ ..

How to lead interference and hlock downfield .

How to develop highly specialized hlocks . .

3. LINE PLAY: . HOW TO PERFORM AS A PART OETHE L I N E ..............

B.

3

hall when performing one of the

BLOCKING:

A.

2

THROWING: How to grip and throw the hall for various types of passes . . . . . . . . .

E.

2

RUNNING WITH THE BALL: How to Hold and to change the hall from one side

B.

...................

STANCE:

11 12 13 1^+ 18

Hov; to adjust the hody to its proper balance

and s t a n c e ................

18

CHARGING:

1?

How to move across the line of scrimmage.......

CHAPTER

PAGE

4-. TACKLING: A.

HOW TO PERFECT THE VARIOUS TYPESOPT A C K L E S .........

BASIC SKILLS:

How to perfect themechanics oftackling . . .

B. TYPES OP TACKLES:

23 23

How to perform the various types of

tackles . . . . . . . .

PART II.

.................................

24-

INDIVIDUAL SKILLS

DEVELOPING TECHNIQUES FOR INDIVIDUAL POSITIONS 5. BACKFI1LD: HOW TO DEVELOP THE VARIOUS SKILLSTHATMAKE FOR AN ALL AROUND BACKPIBLD PLAYER................................. A. POSITION: play

.

29

How to assume a stance suitahle for individual ..............................................

B. BODY MOVEMENTS:

How to execute various movements of the

body while carrying the b a l l ............. .............. C. TECHNIQUES:

......

31

HOW TO PLAY THE CENTER P O S I T I O N ....................

35

A.

LINE PLAY:

B.

STRATEGY:

C. PASSING: the ball 7. GUARD:

30

How to utilize fundamentals to their best

advantage while running with the ball ......... 6. CENTER:

29

How to play defense.........................

35

How to play o f f e n s e ................

36

How to master the various methods of passing .................................

36

HOW TO PLAY THE GUARD 'POSITION '......................

40

A. CHARGING:

.

How to charge to meet different offensive plays

B. OFFENSE: ■ How to develop body skills for offensive play . . .

.

4-0 4-1

iv

CHAPTER

PAGE

8. TACELEi

HOW TO PLAY THE TACKLE P O S I T I O N ............... ....

kt

HoV/ to work individually or with the end in

OFFENSE:

performing offensive maneuvers B.

...

....................

DEFENSE; - How to perform the-various skills that will he used on the defense...................................

C. 9.

END;

STRATEGY;

h-6

How to develop game s e n s e .................

HOW TO PLAY THE END POSITION

^-7

...........

50

A.

OFFENSE; How to perform offensively on the line of

scrimmage

50

B.

DEFENSE; How to perform defensively on the line of

scrimmage

51

C.

PASS RECEIVING: a pass- . . . . .

D.

DOWN FIELD:

How to utilize various skills in receiving ............... . . . . .

.

5^

.....

5^

How to block and defend on down field runs

and kicks

................................

E.RUNNING METHODS:

How to get free to receive a pass

4

PART III.

STRATEGY

DEVELOPING TEAM EXECUTION AND OPERATION 10. OFFENSE;HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE BASIC STRATEGY

FROMWHICH THE 58

TEAM WILL F U N C T I O N .......................................... A.

NUMBERING:

How to comprehend the numbering of plays,

holes, and positions

58

..........................

ATTACKS: How to vary types of a t t a c k s ..................

60

C.

SIGNALS: How to call signals in or out of the huddle . . . .

61

.

B.

CHAPTER D. SCORING OPPORTUNITIES: for scoring E. DUTIES:

....... ................. ...............

How to perform duties for various team members . . .

E. TACTICAL PLAN: 11.

EORMATIONS:

How to utilize special techniques

How to establish a strategy field map

.. . .

HOW TO DEVELOP SERIES OE PLAYS EROM SEVERAL TYPES

OF FORMATIONS ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . A.

EXPLANATION:

How to decipher the diagrams- . -.......... .

B. "T" FORMATION:

How to operate from the "T"................

C. BOX FORMATION;

How to operate from the box formation

D. PUNT FORMATION: 12.

DEFENSE:

.. . .

How to operate from the punt formation . . .

HOW TO.DETERMINE THE. BASIC-STRATEGY FROM- WHICH- THE



TEAM WILL FUNCTION ON DEFENSE ............................... A. FORMATIONS: .How to line the team up-on defense . ■. ; . B. SIGNALS;

How to establish defensive signals

C. PASS DEFENSE: passes

. ..

How to set up various defenses against

.....

RESERVE SHELF LIST

^

............................ ......... . . . ...................................

PREFACE TO THE PLAYER

Most "books, manuals, handbooks, or syllabi are written for the instructor.

This brings about a need for a reference that may be used

by the player.

This syllabus is not intended to be a complete work

of football.

It must be remembered that football changes with each

game played.

It is impossible to set down hard and fast rules governing

types of play, strategy, etc.

Because football will continue to grow

in popularity, the player is in no easy position.

He must sharpen his

conception of the game, increase his playing skill, coordinate his efforts with those of his teammates and develop into an integral part of the team unit. There are no two schools of thought that run absolutely parallel in coaching a football team.

Therefore, there is a need for a word of

caution against the skimming of the material presented. of this type is not just a series of statements. of plays.

A syllabus

It is not just a group

It is for the player to digest in conjunction with his "on the

field learning".

There are good reasons why the player may profit from

a handbook such as this. understanding.

Most of the material is condensed for better

Verbal instructions may be better remembered by constantly

referring to the syllabus.

A broad, over-all picture may be acquired by

mastering and tying one chapter with another. It is hoped that you will start at the beginning on basic fundamentals Read, practice, experiment, listen to and observe the teachings of the coach.

Digest Part I and Part II to the fullest.

This will bring about

a finer type of play of the material in Part III. with just learning your own position, performance.

Strive to he the hest.

Don't "be satisfied

lever he self-satisfied in your If you have no special way of

performing the various skills and techniques, this handbook may he followed as a pattern in playing the game of football. Acknowledgement is gladly given to Mr. Herman A. Meister, Mr. Doug Essick, Mr. Jim Lineherger, Mr. Lauren Proctor, and Mr. Les Billinger for their generous aid in supplying material used herein.

PART I. FUNDAMENTALS THE FOUNDATION OF FOOTBALL This syllabus is in three main parts.

The first, on types of

over-all fundamentals, serves as a basis for the comprehension of the next two parts.

The second, on developing the individual player,

discusses the special techniques and maneuvers he must employ while performing in his position.

The third part takes the product of the

first two. and forms them into a smooth running machine. An individual who has the desire to play football, needs many fundamentals.

An experienced player also needs new fundamentals and

the repetition of old ones. in your learning. well.

The first four chapters will guide you

If football is worth learning, it is worth learning

2

CHAPTER 1.

BALL HANDLING

HOW TO HANDLE THE BALL Ball handling means receiving the hall from center, receiving passes, catching punts and exchanging the hall between players.

Its

importance is sometimes overlooked by the player because of the many skills he must master in learning to play football.

Running with the

ball, throwing, catching passes, kicking, and recovering loose balls si

will be of little value if you cannot handle the ball properly.

Master

the lessons in this chapter and gain the confidence of your coach, team mates, and spectators.

Then you will find yourself playing the full game, A.

RUNNING WITH THE BALL

How to hold and to change the ball from one side of the body to the other while running 1,

How to hold the ball for straight line bucks. a.

Spread the fingers when receiving the ball.

b.

Draw the ball into the stomach,

c.

Place the hands over each point as the arms are wrapped around the ball.

2.

How to receive the ball from the center in the tlT11 formation. a.

Have the palms of

the hands facing each other,

b.

Be completely relaxed.

c. Have the heels of

the hands approximately three inches apart.

d. Place the back of

one hand against the crotch of the center.

e.

Close the lower hand immediately as the ball hits the palm of the top hand.

3.

How to hold the 'ball for open field running. a.

Place the "ball along the inside of the forearm.

b.

Spread the fingers over one point of the hall.

c.

Place the other point of the hall in the pocket formed hy the elbow.

d.

Carry the ball in the arm furthest away from the tackier.

e.

Place the free hand over the ball to protect from fumbling when tackled.

How to change the ball from one arm to the other. a.

Place the fingers of the free hand on the point of the ball resting in the pocket of the elbow.

b.

Rotate and slide the ball across the body.

c.

Place the ball in the elbow pocket of the opposite arm.

d.

Rest the opposite point of the ball in the new pocket. B.

THROWINC

How to grip and throw the ball for various types of passes 1.

How to hold the ball for passing. a.

Grip the ball slightly to the rear.

b.

Spread the fingers and thumb.

c.

Place either the fingers or the thumb on the laces.

d.

Hold the ball into the ball of the hand with the aid of the other hand.

e.

Whip the arm forward so that the front point rides higher while in flight.

k

2. How to distinguish various types of -passes. a. Throw the spot pass to a predetermined spot. h. Use the bullet pass for spot passing. c.

Throw thelob pass for long passes

because it gives the receiver

more time to get under it* d.

Start the underhand pass as a forward pass; then it is thrown underhand, developing into a running play.

3. How to throw a lateral pass. a. Hold and throw the basketball pass with both hands, the ball turning end over end. b.

Throw the one-hand •underarm lateral with one hand, the ball rolling off the finger tips with a slight natural spiral. C.

CATCHING

How to catch a pass or a punt 1. How to develop the technique of -pass catching. a. Explained in Chapter 9. C.» Pass Receiving. 2. How to receive punts. a.

Concentrate solely on the ball until you have complete possession.

b.

Raise thearms to a position which

brings the hands about even

with the eyes. c.

Eorm a pocket with the elbows and stomach to aid the hands in case of a fumble.

d.

Keep the eyes on the ball, and do not split your vision.

e.

Call for a fair catch when surrounded by tacklers.

f.

Catch the ball with the hands, giving with the ball and guiding it into the body.

5

.

D,

KICKING

How to hold the hall when performing

one

of the various types of kicks 1.

How

todevelop the technique of -punting,

a.

Develop the step-snd-a-half kick.

h.

laeline the hody slightly forward from the waist.

c.

Extend the arms forward, fingers spread, palms upward to fit the curve of the hall.

d.

Place the right foot (right-footed kickers) slightly ahead of the left foot.

e.

As the hall is caught, shift the weight to

the left foot and

advance the right foot ahout twelve inches. f.

Advance the left foot one full stride.

g.

Kick the hall with the right foot.

h.

Place the hands on thesides of the hall.

i.

Release the hall hy drawing the hands away quickly, placing the hall on the instep of the kicking foot.

. j. Follow through with the swing, keeping the head down. 2.

How

toquick kick.

a.

Execute a quick kick as a surprise punt from a close formation,

h.

Base its success on the speed and surprise.

c.

Q,uick kick when the safety man is close to the line of scrimmage.

d.

Kick low when kicking into the wind; kick high with the wind.

3.

How to execute a good place kick, a.

Select and mark a spot seven to eight yards hack of the center on which to place the hall,

h.

Kneel on the right side of the hall for right-footed kickers when holding.

c.

Place the left knee on the ground, extending the right leg toward the line of scrimmage.

d. Extend hoth arms toward the line of scrimmage. e. Show the

palm of the left hand to the center for atarget.

f. Place the lower point of the hall on the spot with the left hand. g. Use the fingers of the right hand to hold the hall in place. h.

Stand so that when the kicking foot meets the hall, the other foot is to the side of the hall.

i.

Swing the kicking leg as a pendulum, and follow through.

j.

KEEP THE HEAD DOWN AND EYES ON THE SPOT FROM WHICH THE BALL LEFT THE GROUND.

h.

How to drop kick. a. Drop the hall to the ground, and kick it as it rises, h.

Assume the stance of the place kicker.

c. Hold the hall in the fingers with a hand on each side of the hall. d. Release the hands quickly so that the hall drops evenly. e. Make the

drop as short as possible.

f. Flex the

kicking leg at the knee and lock the ankle joint.

g. Make the

contact with the toe of the kicking foot.

7

1.

LOOSE BALL

How to recover a loose hall 1.

How to fall on the hall. a.

Hit the ground close to the hall.

h.

Slide on the hip and side.

c.

Pull the hall into the stomach or pocket with hoth hands.

d.

Cover up hy drawing the legs up.

e.

Be content to keep the hall, and do not try to roll up on feet.

f. 2.

Protect the hall from heing stolen hy an opponent.

How to nick ux> the hall. a.

Bend the knee close to the hall.

h.

Scoop with one hand, using the other to protect and guide

c.

Bring the hall into the body as if receiving a pass. *

*

*

ASSIGNMENTS Small unit practice to help you correct individual errors 1.

KICKING:

Assignment combining the art of kicking and running with

the ball. a.

Kick the hall to various marks on the side line for accuracy,

h.

Kick the hall for distance down field to a receiver who catches it and runs it hack.

8

2.

THROWING:

Assignment involving the ability to throw and catch the

ball. a. Line up as diagramed:

3.

XI

X3

X5

X2

Jh

X6

X8

b.

XI throws to X2, X2 to X3» etc.

c.

Use all types of passes and laterals.

LOOSE BALL:

Assignment in v/hich the ball is -placed or drop kicked

and then retrieved by having a player fall on it. a. Line up as diagramed: ----------- XI

b.

X2

X3

Xk

X5

X6

X7

C centers the ball to H.

c. H holds the ball in position. d. K kicks the ball over the goal posts. e. XI falls on the ball after it has hit theground. f. XI thengoes to the end of the line and retriever.

X2 becomes the next

•9 EVALUATION A check up which will indicate your knowledge of "ball handling

1.

BEST ANSWER:

Put the number in the space provided for the best answer.

a. ( ) The hest method of holding the hall for line bucks is by: (1) Placing both hands on the ball and extending the arms. (2) Placing the hands over each point and wrapping the arms around the ball.

(3) Squeezing the ball into the pocket of

the arm so that the other arm may be used for straight arming. (4) Using one arm. b. ( ) When receiving the ball from the center in the WT" formation, you should:

(l) Place the back of one hand against the

crotch of the center.

(2) Look for the ball.

(3) Have the

left hand on the left knee so that you will be relaxed. (4) Have the little fingers pointing toward the ground. c.

()When holding the ball for open field running, you should have the fingers:

(l) On the laces.

(2) Close together for strength.

(3) Spread, over one point of the ball.

(4) Around the center

of the ball. d.

()When receiving a punt, you should:

(l) Keep your eyes on the

tackiers and thSIl look for the ball.

(2) Catch the ball with

the hands and guide it into the body.

(3) Never call for a

fair catch if surrounded by tacklers.

(k) Let it bounce.

e. ( ) In executing a perfect place kick, the kicker should:

(l)

Follow the flight of the ball with the eyes.’ (2) Take three steps before kicking the ball.

(3) Keep the head down and the

19

eyes on the spot from which the “ball left the ground. (4) Snap kick the ball, f. ( ) When falling on a loose ball:

(l) Divetoward

(2) Grab the ball with the hands. to the ball,

(3)Hit

theball.

the ground close

(4) Lie on the ball. SOURCES

Materials which may assist you in learning the art of ball handling 1.

RESERVE SHELF: Bible 38-41; 12-28;

Pages in books that are cited repeatedly. DaGrossa 56, 74;

Leahy 137;

Rockne 13;

Duncan 23, 40;

Hughes 16;

U. S. Haval Academy 105-112.

Killinger

11

CHAPTER 2.

BLOCKING

HOW TO PERFORM THE VARIOUS PHASES OE BLOCKING Do you want to make thefirst team or are make the squad?

you satisfied just to

Do you knowthat the most important feature of offensive

football is blocking?

Almost ninety percent of all offensive action and

energy in football is used in blocking.

There have been many cases of

a player making the ball club solely on his ability to block.

It is an

art and a skill in which you can pride yourself though you are a lineman or a back.

This chapter will help you develop these skills and in so

doing, enable you to win games.

Remember, practice, practice, practice,

and then block, block, block. A.

LINE

How to maneuver on the line 1.

How to make a shoulder block. a.

Assume a comfortable stance with your feet under you, tail down and head up.

b.

Charge fast with theball using short,

choppy steps,

c.

Drive your neck and shoulder into your opponent just above his knees.

d.

Obtain a position well under the opponent’s body.

e.

Eollow through by trying to step on the opponent’s toes.

f.

Keep the feet well spread.

g.

Dip the shoulders against a hand fighting opponent.

h.

Drop your outside hand to the ground to keep from being pushed to the ground.

i.

Hook your opponent with the knee hy bringing it up fast, if you miss with your shoulder,

2.

How to perform a body block. a.

Start from a comfortable stance.

b.

Drive low across the path of your* opponent to avoid contact with his hands.

c.

Land on all fours.

d.

Rise quickly under his arms.

e.

Use the defender's crotch as the target.

f.

Throw your hips into him and encircle him withyour

g.

Make the block secure by using short, alternate steps,

h.

Keep your body between the opponent and the ball.

i.

Change the blocking position as the ball carrier continues to

body.

move. B.

INTERFERENCE

How to lead interference and block downfield 1.

How to lead interference. a.

Be close enough to touch your man before you drive into him.

b.

Aim at a spot one yard behind him and drive through the opponent.

c.

Don't look back for the ball carrier.

d.

Go on down field to help lead the ball carrier if your man is out of the play.

e.

Get into position where the defender must come through you to reach the ball carrier*

13

2.

How to 'block downfield. a.

Get close to the man.

h.

Don'tshow what you intend to do.

c.

Don'tdrop to the ground as you hit

d.

Don'the afraid to "block too high.

e.

Neverdive at an opponent hut run through him. C.

theman.

BACKFIELD

How to protect offensively 1.

How to "block for the passer. a.

Keep opponents away from and out of the passer's zone,

h.

Always hlock out.

c.

Use the opponent's speed hy deflecting his charge to the outside of the passer.

2.

d.

Use the shoulder hlock.

e.

Use a hody hlock if the shoulder hlock fails.

How to -protect the kicker. a.

Keep the opponents away from the kicking area,

h.

Use the shoulder check hlock.

c.

Have a definite assignment thereby releasing one or two men for going down field.

d.

Do not he pushed or pulled out of position.

e.

Don't over run your position.

f.

Be aggressive so as not to he pushed into the kicker's way,

g.

Fan out and go down field as soon as the kick isunderway.

14

D.

SPECIAL BLOCKS

How to develop highly specialized blocks 1.

How to perform the smother block. a.

Use this block against a low-charging defensive man.

b.

Drive the knees low and hard into the opponent.

c.

Throw the body on top of the defensive man.

2. How to execute a reverse body block. a. Approach the defensive man as if to apply a blockto the opposite side, b.

Reverse the body quickly and whip it across the thighs of the opponent.

c. Place your head opposite of the standard position. d. Hook with the inside leg while using short, digging steps. 3. How to make a screen block.

4.

a.

Run into the defender.

b.

Brush or bump him with your shoulder.

c.

Stay on your feet and continue down field for another block.

How to step out and chug back. a.

Use this when the opponent is nearer to the path of the play than the blocker.

b.

Take a long step across in front of the opponent with the near foot.

c.

Throw the body well out to the side and forward.

d.

Drive the body back into the opponent endeavoring to move him with the back of the shoulder.

5.

How to carry out a shield block.

15

a. Straighten up the defensive man on quick opening plays. b. Charge the defender into an upright position “by using both forearms. *

*

*

ASSIGNMENTS Learning activities that will aid you in team performance 1.

SOWNNIELD:

Assignment involving the start, running, and the actual

contact in leading interference and blocking downfield. a. Center, linemen, and backs, line up as diagramed:

B B B

L L L

L L L

B B B

b. As the center, C, moves the ball, lineman, LI and back, Bl run to their left and L2 and B2 run to their right. c. As they get to the position of the two blocking dummies, 0, the runners turn up field and each blocks one of the dummies. d. The next player in the line moves to the starting position to go on the moving of the ball. 2.

SPECIAL BLOCKS:

Assignment designed to aid the individual in the

perfection of the special types of blocks, a. Line up for one on one drill as diagramed: 0>7 X

0>J X

0by X

16

b.

Allplayers know what type of block is being executed.

c.

Theplayers marked X apply the same block at the same time.

d.

Theplayers marked 0 give a token resistance and aid the bloclcer in perfecting the movements, EVALUATION A check sheet that will enable you to learn by observing and rating other team mates1 abilities

1.

BLOCKING-:

Gave 1 point for below average, 2 for average, 3 for above

average in each item in which the team mates' performance is checked. Have the tackles rate the other tackles, backs rate the other backs, etc.

r

*

i

tYancy,J TRodgers ,Gleason ,ltc.

Position "

"

""



..............

1...................... 1...... . “ "

T --------

'

1

"

Tail down

t

t

t

t

Head up

» t

i t

* t

t

t

i

i

i

,

t

r

i

*

i

Feet well spread

*

*

*

*

Stays betv/een opponent and ball

i *

Never dives at the defense

t

i

i

i

i

i

t

t

t

i



*

t

*

i

1

*

t

t

t

Follows through after contacting t

t

i

1

i

i

i





i i

*

i

i

1

Uses short choppy steps

Always aggressive Always on his feet

TOTAL

i

"

--------

1

i i

t ......... *

i

........

'

t

t

t

*

i

i

....................

17

SOURCES Material ■which may assist you in executing good blocks 1,

RESERVE SHELF: Bible 7-20;

Pages in books that are cited repeatedly.

Bierman 13-3^;

Leahy 119, 151* 181;

DaGrossa 32-^11;

Duncan 5-9;

Bf. C. A. A. Rule 3. £ection 3;

Hughes 31-36;

Rockne Ik.

CHAPTER 3.

LINE PIAY

HOW TO PERFORM AS A PART OF THE LIRE Linemen of present day football are not the slow, clumsy, plodding players of yesteryear. versatile.

Today's lineman is explosive, efficient, and

He must fit into a highly organized team and especially with

those teammates on the line of scrimmage.

If you will study, practice

and then perform those basic skills set down in this chapter, you will be counted on as a mainstay of the line.

It is not self-satisfying to

be replaced when the going is getting tough. A.

STANCE

How to adjust the body to its proper balance and stance 1.

How to adjust to a three-point stance. a.

Place the feet about tvrenty-four inches apart.

b.

Place the toe of one foot and the heel of the other on a parallel line.

c.

Rest one hand on the ground using the first and second row of knuckles.

d.

Relax the other arm by resting the forearm on the knees.

e.

Keep hips down, head up, eyes open, and back straight.

f.

Distribute the weight evenly on the balls of the feet.

g.

Keep the heels off the ground.

h.

Keep the right arm straight.

2.

How to assume a four-point stance. a.

Square or stagger tlie feet.

b.

Place both hands on the ground.

c.

Center the weight on the arms and. hands.

d.

Rest the hands on the ground using the first and second row of knuckles.

3.

How to take a defensive stance. a.

Keep the body close to the ground.

b.

Keep the weight forward.

c.

Use either a three or four-point stance.

d.

Stagger the feet.

e.

Bend the knees; have the body inclined well forward.

f.

Be comfortable. B.

CHARGING

How to move across the line of scrimmage 1.

How to charge offensively. a.

Keep the body perfectly still;

donot teeter back and forth.

b.

Take a small step with the forward foot;

and then, bring the

back foot up fast driving hard offof the original c.

forward foot.

Lunge forward with the foot striking the ground as the contact is made with the defensive man.

d.

Double the leg up under the body when the foot hits the ground along with the contact.

e.

Get the initial drive through the recoil of this leg.

f.

Advance the other leg so that there is a series of chopping steps.

short

20

2.

How to charge defensively. a.

Place the weight well forward on the halls of the feet.

h.

Be a heady, hand-fighter, and shift constantly laterally along the line of scrimmage.

3.

c.

Use the hands on the offensive man so as to unbalance him.

d.

Hit the opponent, then play the hall,

e.

Do not wrestle on the line of scrimmage.

f.

Make the head the main target as it is the rudder of the hody.

g.

Keep the opponent's shoulders away from the legs.

How to use the arm shiver. a.

Keep the hands as far forward as possible and fairly close together.

h.

Cup the hands slightly; keep the elbows slightly bent.

c.

Deliver the K U w with the heel of the hands.

d.

Land the full force in one spot.

e.

Follow the contact with a chug of the arms that have become straight and stiff.

4.

How to pair up with a team mate in various types of play. a.

Move shoulder to shoulder to drive the defender straight back or out of the play.

b.

Do not split apart.

c.

Accomplish a high low block by having one player block the opponent low, while the other knocks him over by hitting him at about the waistline.

d.

Swing two men on the opponent, gate fashion, shoulder to shoulder, for quick opening plays

21

e.

Act as a post while the other "blocker swings the defender around in performing the two-man post "block. *

*

*

ASSIGNMENTS Learning experiences to aid you in executing assignments successfully 1. STANCE:

Assignment involving the types of

stance and the initial

step in moving with the "ball. a.

Thepractice session is confined to the class room dueto bad weather.

b.

Draw a series of" squares, two feet on a side, on the floor with chalk.

c.

Place one foot in one corner of the square and the other on the opposite side midway in the square.

d.

The. hand corresponding to the rear foot is then placed in the corner of the box directly above the rear foot.

e.

Various types of steps may be taken and judged.

f.

Do this singly or in units so that other players may judge those players performing.

2. STARTS:

Assignment planned to incorporatethe warm up

drills and the

fundamentals of starting and moving. a.

Assemble in a group as diagramed: X

X

.X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

b. Upon the blowing of the whistle, each player moves in the same direction from the same stance and performs the same drill. EVALUATION Devices by which you will be able to compare yourself with other players 1.

DEVICES FOR I I M M : a. From a blocking stance, sprint twenty-five yards against time. b. From a blocking stance, sprint ten yards and duck under a rope that is four feet high at the end of the course. c. Use the arms against a blocking bag with a power meter in order to check the initial blow of the arm shiver. d.

From a four point stance, move over a course five yards ahead, five yards to the left, five yards to the rear, and five yards to the right, bringing you back to the original starting point. Keep on all fours for the entire test.

Do this against time.

SOURCES Materials which may assist you in developing into a integral part of the line 1.

RESERVE SHELF: Da&rossa 23-42;

Pages in books that are cited repeatedly. Hughes 29-42;

Killinger 29-43;

Leahy 155-187.

23

CHAPTER k.

TACKLING

HOW TO PERFECT THE VARIOUS TYPES OP TACKLES To "become a good tackier, you must have the will to do and to make k

a determined effort at every opportunity. fortitude.

Tackling requires intestinal

Tackling is a specialized form of "blocking in which you

are permitted to use your arms and hands.

Your defense depends upon

fierce tackling of the opponent who is carrying the hall. on the team must he ahle to tackle, and to tackle well.

Every player It is more than

just a skill to he desired, it is a must for every player. learn to tackle in order to play.

You have to

Study this chapter thoroughly.

You

can’t do without it# A.

BASIC SKILLS

How to perfect the mechanics of tackling 1.

How to establish -points to stress in tackling, a. Drive through the straight arm. h. Go at the runner with short, choppy steps. c. Carry the vreight low. d. Hang on to the runner at all cost. e. Keep digging after the initial contact.

2.

How to prepare a player for tackling a.-

Go as fast as you can as long as

hy establishingessentialelements, you have your bodyundercontrol,

h. Keep your head up, hack straight, eyes on the target. c. Time the drive and the contact. d.

Clamp the runner’s legs with the

arms.

e.

Obtain full shoulder contact and

keep your feet.

B.

TYPES OP TACKLES

How to perform the various types of tackles 1.

How to make a side tackle. a. Slide the Body in front of the runner, and clamp the arms about the runner's knees. b. Clasp the runner to the chest and then roll c. Bend the arm of the contacting shoulder so

with him. as to guardagainst

the runner spinning out of your grasp. d.

Complete the tackle by a sharp, downward twist of the body.

2. How to perform a head on tackle. a. Approach the runner with the arms well out in front, the body crouched, and the legs coiled for the drive. b.

Contact the runner with your feet spread, kneesbent,

head and

eyes on the target. c.

Drop the arms so that the pull is lower than the push of the shoulder at the time of the contact with the runner's midsection.

d.

Pull the runner's legs in tightly to the chest.

e.

Drive the ball carrier back.

f. Land with the shoulder in his midsection. g. Move the head to one,side to avoid injury. 3. How to execute a tackle from the rear. a.

Make contact at least waist high.

b.

Slide the arms downward to immobilize the ball carrier's legs.

c. Be near enough so that when the tackle is attempted,

the runner1

progress does not take him out of range. d.

Make sure that the arms are completely around the runner’s legs and hold them tightly. *

*

*

ASSIGHMEHTS Activities that will help you adapt your learning to game situations 1.

TACKLING DUMMY:

Assignment involving the use of the tackling dummy,

a. The players, P, line up in relation to the tackling dummy, X, as diagramed. PI

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6------------- >X

h. Upon the blowing of the whistle, P6 starts towards X and makes a tackle.

2.

c.

As soon as the suggestions are made, the next man starts.

d.

The tackiers may approach the tackling dummy from various angles

LIVE TAGKLIHG:

Assignment involving the -pairing off of players and

•performing the various types of tackles. a. The players are divided and lined up as diagramed:

26

b.

The players marked 0 all move in the same direction at half speed.

c.

The players marked X move in and all perform the same type of tackle.

d.

The types of tackles are varied.

e.

After a short period, the procedure is reversed and the players marked 0 do the tackling and X becomes the live bait. EVALUATION A type of an appraisal which may be applied to your tackling methods

1.

BATING- SOALE;

Give yourself 1 for poor, 2 for good, 3 for excellent,

for each item listed below.

Thirty is a perfect score.

Any score

that falls below twenty shows need for harder work on yourpart. a. () Your head is up, back straight, eyes on the target. b. ( ) You keep digging with short, choppy steps after the initial contact is made. c. () You carry your weight low. d. () You clamp the runner's legs with your arms and never try to block him down. e. ( ) On a tackle from the side, you actually slide in front of the runner. f. () In making a side tackle, you make a sharp twist and a downward spin as you complete the taclcle, g. () In a head on tackle, you drop the arms so that the drive is higher than the pull. h. ( ) The ball carrier is driven back in a head on tackle.

i. ( ) In tackling from the rear, you hit the man at least waist high. j. ( ) In tackling a passer, you drive around the upper arms. SOURCES Materials which may assist you in establishing good tackling habits 1.

RESERVE SHELF:

Pages in books that are cited repeatedly.

Bible 130-133;

Bierman 35-^-S;

Hughes k3-kl+i Roekne 1-1^.

Leahy 196;

DaGrossa 103-10?;

Duncan 10-13;

H. C. A. A. Rule 3* Section 35;

28

PART II.

INDIVIDUAL SKILLS

DEVELOPING TECHNIQUES POP INDIVIDUAL POSITIONS Part II presents and explains the many functions of each individual position.

The maneuvers and skills include all the fundamentals pre­

sented in Part I.

This is the specialized part of the handbook.

techniques are vitally important in developing the player for the material in Part III.

Its

CHAPTER 5.

BACKFIELD

HOW TO DEVELOP THE VARIOUS SKILLS THAT MAKE FOR AN ALL-AROUND BACKFIELD PLAYER When players are evenly matched, the team with the hardest running backs usually wins. as do other players.

Backfield players must be able to block and tackle In addition

running, kicking, passing

they must be adept in the skills of

and ball handling.

Because of these added

duties and responsibilities, the back becomes the center of attraction, receiving the praise and criticism for the team.

If you would like to

learn how to play in the backfield, if you would like to minimize the criticism of the team, if you would like to better the team's chances for praise, then study this chapter. A.

POSITION

Hov; to assume a stance suitable for individual play 1.

How to take a three-point stance on offense. a. Assume a position much the same as

a lineman.

b. Place ho weight on the hands. c. Keep the head up and eyes ahead. 2.

How to perform a semi-upright or two-point stance on offense. a.

Have the feet comfortably spread with the knees well bent.

b. Place the feet on a line parallel to

the line of scrimmage.

c. Rest both forearms on the knees. d.

Have the hands open with the palms up.

3.

How to execute an upright or two point stance on offense. a.

Have thefeet comfortably spread with the toes pointing straight ahead.

h.

Distribute the weight on the balls ofthe feet.

c.

Place the hands on the knees with the arms straight and the thumbs on the inside of the knees.

d.

Keep the eyes straight ahead and the head up.

^4-. How to assume a defensive stance. a.

Stand in an easy comfortable position with the feetwell apart and staggered.

b.

Turn the body slightly towards the center of the offense.

c.

Be alert to move with the ball and not be caught with the weight on the heels.

d.

Be physically relaxed, but mentally alert. B.

BODY MOVEMENTS

How to execute various movements of the body while carrying the ball 1.

How to develop the footwork in starting. a. Accomplish the cross-over step, whenrunning tothe right,

by

crossing the left leg over the right leg, pivoting on the right foot a.nd placing the left foot parallel to the line of scrimmage. b. Start with the foot nearest the directionyou intend to

run

when using the direct step. c.

Step to the rear just as the pass from center reaches you when using the fade step.

31 2.

How to spin. a.

Step forward with the right foot shifting the weight to and pivoting on that foot, swinging the left foot forward and around one-half turn, shifting the weight to the left foot, bringing the right foot around backwards to complete the turn, and driving off with it in the desired direction when using the full spin toward the line of scrimmage.

b.

Step forward and around with the left foot one quarter turn, shifting the weight to that foot, bringing the right foot around forward to the desired direction, and drive off with the left foot when using the half spin.

3.

How to run with the ball. a.

Develop split vision, speed, cleverness, andgood judgment.

b.

Carry the ball in the arms farthest from the tackier.

c.

Hold the ball with both hands if you are thrown to the ground.

d.

Take full advantage of the interference.

e.

Start with short steps.

f.

Run with the knees high.

g.

lower the shoulder and drive forextra yardage when hemmed in by tackiers.

C.

TECHNIQUES

How to utilize fundamentals to their best advantage while running with the ball 1.

How to change pace. a.

Appear to be running at top speed.

32

b.

Release the reserve speed to outrun the defender at the proper moment,

c. 2.

Use this maneuver best in open field running,

How to straight-arm with various maneuvers. a.

Hold the straight-arm away from the body, with the heel of the hand making contact with the tackier's helmet.

b.

Use the straight-arm with the side step to move laterally, driving off the inside leg as the tackier drives.

c.

Perform the straight-arm with the cross over by leading at the tackier with one foot, then crossing over with the other leg, in the same motion applying the straight-arm,

d.

Accomplish the pivot with every straight-arm by planting the outside leg, using the outside arm as the straight-arm and sharply spinning backwards away from the tackier. *

*

*

ASSIGNMENTS

Performance procedures that will aid you in perfecting the basic skills of backfield play 1.

BALL HANDLING:

Assignment involving the use of the fundamentals of

handling, catching, changing, and throwing the ball. a.

Form a circle of players standing shoulder to shoulder.

b.

Start, the ball moving around from player to player, using the various methods of exchanging and frequently reversing the direction.

33

c. Every two minutes or there about, have the players take one step backwards so that in time, the circle is greater and actual throwing is taking place, 2.

MOVEMENT:

Assignment involving the actual running, twisting,

straight arming, and footwork of the back, a.

Have the backs form a column keeping five yards in back of each other.

b. One player takes the ball and weaves down through the column, using all the fundamentals of running. c. As the runner gets to the end of the line, he throws the ball back to the first man, who then becomes the runner, and he starts through the column, d. As each man runs through the column, he takes his place at the end of the line, EVALUATION Oheck-ups which will assist you in correcting your backfield play 1.

COMPLETION:

Write in the long blanks ahead of the items the answer

that should go in the short token blanks within the items. ___________ a. _________ b.

In a three point stance, place no weight on the __. In a two point stance, the feet are on a line _ to the line of scrimmage.

_______ c.

In using the fade step, the back steps to the _ just as the pass from center reaches him.

_______

cl.

_________e.

Carry the hall in the arm. furthest from the __. A basic straight-arm should he held away from the body with the _ of the hand making the contact of the tackier1s helmet.

SOURCES Materials which may assist you in developing as an all-around backfield player 1.

HESERT/E SHELF; Bierman 162-173; Rockne 125-156;

Pages in books that are cited repeatedly. DaGrossa 53-60; Stevens 47-4-9.

Killinger 100;

Leahy 127-146;

35

CHAPTER 6.

CENTER

HOW TO PLAY THE CENTER POSITION Do you like to handle the ball and still be a lineman? the center position is your place on the team.

If you do,

You will start every

play, and if your passes are not accurate and well timed, the play will suffer.

Poor passes cause fumbling and this contributes to uncertainty

in the backfield.

The speed of the team will depend upon your position.

It is usually the center that determines the defensive lineup.

How well

you play on defense, how well you play on offense, how well you run the team defensively may depend on how well you study this chapter. A.

LINE PLAY

How to play defense 1.

How to operate in the line, a. Charge with the snap of the ball. b. Watch for traps when no opponents are against

you.

c.

Drop to all fours when opponents have gotten to your body.

d.

Use the hands to hold off opponents while diagnosing the play.

e.

Attack the man directly; do not run around him.

f. Do not slide until you are sure the ball is outside your position. g. Do not try to play two men at the same time. h. 2.

Get across the line of scrimmage.

How to back up the line. a.

Drop out of the line to defend when a pass is in evidence.

b.

Do not become discouraged as other linemen look to the center for orders and inspiration.

c.

Play from two to five yards lack, varying the distance with the down, distance to gain, and type of play of the opponent.

d. Watch the eyes and stance.of the offensive hacks for clues as to the coming play. e.

Pill in slowly and watch for cutbacks on plays going to the other side of the line. B.

STRATEGY

How to play offense 1.

How to assume the stance. a.

Place the knees wide apart to allow the hall and arms to pass through.

h. Keep the hips somewhat higher than other linemen do. c. Have a very slight bend or break in the knees. d. Do not place any weight on the ball

so as to allow freedom in

passing. 2.

How to maneuver in the line. a. Concentrate on speed as the team cannot line up until you are over the ball. b. Be ready to resist a charge or a pull from any direction. c. Concentrate on the signal and the ball. d. Pass well and then block. C.

PASSING

How to master the various methods of passing the ball

37

1.

How to center a spiral -pass. a.

Place the right hand towardsthefront

of thehall with the

fingers

spread on the side and partly under the hall, h. Best the left hand towards the rear of the hallas the hand.

2.

guiding

:

c.

Make the pass almost entirely with the right hand.

d.

Follow through with hoth hands to insure accuracy.

How to center an end over end pass. a.

Place hoth hands to the rear of the hall.

h. Place the thumbs on .the laces with the fingerswell spread.

3.

c.

Give impetus hy snapping hoth wrists.

d.

Make a short follow through.

How to center in the "T" formation. a.

Thrust the hall into the hands of the quarterback.

(Refer to

Chapter 1., A2.) h.

Practice counting cadence withthequarterback

toinsure a good

pass and a chance to block. c.

Pass blind and enable yourself to block more freely.

d.

Center the hall with only one hand.

e.

Assume a higher position than the normal center's stance. ft *

«t>

ASSIGNMENTS Procedures and learning activities that will increase your ability to play center 1.

LIITE PLAY:

Assignments related to the playing of the linemen.

a, Take a position over the hall,

ready for centering,

h. The defensive man will play in an area ahead of you and as far as one yard to either side, c. Center the hall, locate the defensive man, and make

the assigned

block. 2.

CENTERING-: a.

Assignment in which centering the hall is actually done.

Have the hacks work with you on receiving all types of centered halls.

h.

The hacks will vary their position and demands so that all situations are covered. EVALUATION A check-up that will estimate the amount of knowledge you have acquired concerning the center position

1.

TRUE-FALSE: T

Pat X in the correct space for true or false.

S’

a. ( )( ) Charge when your teammate charges. h. ( )( ) Play two men at a time so that you can free your team­ mate. c.

( )( ) When the opponent leaves you, drive into the backfield as hard and fast as possible.

d. ( )( ) Watch the eyes and stance of the offensive hack for cluee as to what type of play is coming. e. ( )( ) Place your weight on the hall to he centered as this makes for greater accuracy.

39

f.

( )( ) Pass the hall well and then block.

g.

( )( ) When centering a spiral pass, the hack hand is the guiding hand.

h.

( )( ) On an end over end pass, hoth hands are placed on the center of the hall.

i.

( )( ) When centering in the "T" formation, the hall is thrust into the quarterback's hands,

j.

( )( ) In the 113?11 formation the center pass is blind, enabling you to block more freely. SOURCES Materials which may assist you in playing the center position

1.

RESERVE SHELF; Bible 137; 30, 37;

Pages in hooks tha,t are cited repeatedly.

DaGrossa 136—140;

Leahy 176;

Duncan 50;

Rockne 98-104.

Hughes 30, 37;

Killinger

CHAPTER 7.

GUARD

HOW TO PLAY THE GUARD POSITION The play of the guard, is unique in that he is the one lineman that pulls out of the line to lead the interference, thus "becoming an offensive "back,

A guard should "be the "best tackier on the team, aggressive, rugged,

and have a stubborn disposition. rough.

He should like the going when it gets

He should be shifty, able to use his hands, and possess the

ability to sense plays.

Do you come in this category?

If you don’t

fill all of the requirements but you possess the rugged, determined, stubborn qualities, you may acquire the rest through diligent practice of the skills set forth in this chapter. A.

CHARGING

How to charge to meet different offensive plays 1.

How to play as a charging guard. a. Protect the territory assigned you. b. Get across the line of scrimmage. c.

Eat dirt on a play of small yardage, and when on the goal line.

d.

Drop lowr to meet the play -when it comes directly at you.

e. Pivot out if you are sure it is goingwide. f. Never move laterally until the play is outside of your position. g.

When playing two men, contact one player with your shoulder and arm and the other with the heel of your hand on the blocker's hip.

h.

In playing two men, drive the forearms up hard to keep the opponent away from your body.

kl

i. Turn the opponent into an off-tackle smash hy playing his head and shoulders towards the play,

2.

j.

Keep your body low and square,

k.

Get into the baekfield as quickly as possible.

How to play as a waiting guard. a. Assume a three-point or semi-crouch position. b. Let the blocker declare himself before c.

you go to meet the play.

Master the use of both arms and feet.

d.. In some instances, station yourself a half yard off the line of scrimmage. e.

Be alert for a trap play. B.

OFFENSE

How to develop body skills for offensive play 1.

How to charge offensively. a.

Keep your head up, body low, eyes open, and drive hard.

b. Cover to the outside after the ball is

thrown on a pass play.

c. Don*t telegraph you intentions to pull

out ofthe line in

leading interference. d.

Block first, and then go through for the secondary.

e.

Recoil the legs immediately so that you may follow through after the initial contact in driving across the line of scrimmage.

f.

Pick out a point of aim on the defensive man and drive through it.

g.

Guard against pausing between steps.

if-2

2.

How to check “block. a.

Place the body in the hole hy using the cross body block.

b.

On contact, work the feet and attempt to apply a knee hook with the outside leg.

c. 3.

Keep your head between the defender and the play.

How to -pull out of the line. a. Get away quickly without telegraphing your intentions. b. Keep your body under control. c. Move out of the line and get under way in one complete action. d. Run hard and never look back. e.

Hit the first defensive man that is still standing.

f.

Pivot and step to the right (if going to the right) and drive off of the left foot on the snap of the ball.

g. Keep the body low and the first step short. #

*

*

ASSIGNMENTS Learning activities that will help you adjust your fundamentals to actual game conditions 1.

POSITION:

Assignments which emphasize the importance of position

as to the op-ponent. a. The defensive man sets in one spot on all charges

^3

b.

The offensive man makes three different "blocks.

c.

The first "block is made "by shifting to a position to the left of the defensive man.

d.

The next "block is made after the offensive man has shifted to the right of the defensive man.

e.

The third "block is made after the offensive man has shifted squarely in front of the defensive man.

f.

Various "blocks are practiced from each position.

g.

The players exchange assignments from offense to defense after each series of three "blocks.

2.

FULLING OUT:

Assignment that teaches the correct stance and the

skill of pulling out of the line of scrimage to lead the interference. a.

Line up in two columns as diagramed! G1 G G G G

b.

\

G2 G G G G

:

Pull out of the line on the starting signal and head for X which is in the position of the defensive player.

c.

As G1 and G2 hit X, the blocking dummies, the next two guards move up into position ready for the starting signal.

d.

Move the dummies to various other positions similar to those used by the defense.

EVALUATION A type of check-up which will help you evaluate your performance 1.

BATING SCALE FOB GUARDS:

Circle the appropriate number opposite

each phase, then total. Poor

Pair

Average

Good

Excellent

a.

Charge .........

. . 2 .

.4

b.

Body low . . . . .

. . 2 .

.4 .

c.

Body square

. .2 . . . 3 . .

d.

Strength . . . . .

e.

Leg recoil . . . .

.4 .

f.

Initiative . . . .

.4 .

g.

Play sense . . . .

h.

Variety of blocks. 1

i.

Speed

. . .

. . 2 .

..

.

. . 5 . . .

.4 .

. 2 .

. 4 .

. . 2 .

.4 .

Downfield blocking 1 . . . 2 .

. 4 .

. .......

TOTAL SOURCES Material which may assist you in playing the guard position 1.

RESERVE SHELF:

Pages in hooks that are cited repeatedly.

Bible 136, 139;

DaGrossa 12^135;

Rockne 105-111;

Stevens 45.

Hughes 50, 51;

Leahy 167;

k5

CHAPTER 8.

TACKLE

HOW TO PLAY THE TACKLE POSITION

Modern football is progressing so rapidly that much more attention is being given to the tackle and to his play in the line.

The tackle of

today possesses size, range, strength, intelligence, aggressiveness, courage, and speed.

In order to cope with the trends of present day

football, this chapter has listed those methods and skills which will help you to become a topnotch player.

Don't do them just as an assignment

but think about them while you are performing, and you will be a much better tackle than your opponent. A.

OFFENSE

How to work individually or with the end in performing offensive maneuvers 1,

How to maneuver on the line of scrimage. a.

Keep the head up, tail down, back straight, eyes open, and on the ball.

b.

Know the ability of the end you are teaming with and practice various blocks together.

c.

Do not point or lean towards the play,

d. Keep the feet tinder the body at all timesand

follow through.

e. Vary the charge and blocks used. f. Keepyour body between the opponent g. Play the man and not the position.

andthe play.

h.

Aim at the opponent*s knees .when lunging on all fours.

i.

Advance the foot opposite the contact shoulder when turning an opponent.

2.

How to perform down field. a.

Practice breaking down the field five yards after executing your primary blocking assignment.

b. Never leave your feet. c. Run with the body in a natural running position. d. Do not look back while running interference. e.

Never pass up an opponent who is in your path. B.

DEFENSE

How to perform the various skills that will be used on the defense 1.

How to be a charging tackle. a.

Drive your body across the line of scrimage so as to break the offensive of its interference,

b.

Be responsible for your own territory.

c.

Keep the blockers away from your legs.

d. Operate from either a three or a four point stance. e. Make contact with the shoulder and arms or the hands. f. Play one man at a time, g. Roll or pivot out of a trap. 2.

How to employ techniques for other styles of tackle nlay. a. Rush all passers and kickersunless otherwise b. Learn to knife by playing the gapbetween and lunging in between them.

instructed.

two offensive players

k7

c. Use the limp leg by presenting a leg to he blocked while the weight is on the other leg. d. Slide or shift on the line and then charge just before the ball is snapped. C.

STRATEGY

How to develop game sense 1.

How to better your game through special game strategy and information. a.

Know what your fullback and end are going to do on every play.

b.

Don't charge so deep that you will be trapped.

c.

Vary your rushing paths.

d.

Hit the end as you go in when a pass is evident.

e.

Convince your opponent in the early part of the game that you are the best man.

f.

Don't be a conversationalist on the line of scrimmage.

g.

Find out the strong points and the weaknesses of your opponents.

ASSIGNMENTS Activities that will give you the basic fundamentals for team play 1.

LINE PLAY:

Assignments, involving the play of offense and defense,

a. Line up for two on one drill as diagramed:

48

b.

The pair of tackles perform as they would on the offense, making various blocks on the one tackle,

c.

The single tackle tries to get through the pair of tackles by using various methods prescribed in the chapter,

d.

All players move on the same starting signal,

e.

After several blocks have been attempted, each threesome revolves clockwise so that each man works alone on the defense and also with each other on the offense,

2.

DOWH FIELD:

Assignments which gives practice for performance down *

field, a. Line-up for going down field under punts as diagramed:

b. The ball is centered by C to P to be kicked down field* c. T2 and T3 check block 11 and E2 before going down to tackle S. d. T1 and T4 go down and block HI and H2. e. After each trip down field, the tackles alternate theirposition.

49

EVALUATION Check-up which applies to your ability to perform as a tackle 1.

COMPLETION:

Write in the long blanks ahead of the items the answers

that should go in the short token blanks within the items. ___________ a. Keep your body between

theopponent and the __ ,

___________ b. Do not __ toward the play. ___________ c. Never leave your __ . ___________ d. Keep the blockers away from ___________ e.

Keep your

your _.

under you at all times. SOURCES

Materials which may assist you in playing the tackle position 1.

RESERVE SHELF: Bible 136, 139; Leahy 167;

Pages in books that are cited repeatedly, DaOrossa 108-116;

Rockne 112-116;

Hughes 48, 51;

Stevens 40.

Killinger 48;

/

50,'

CHAPTER 9.

END

HOW TO PLAY THE END POSITION You, as an end, are a vital player on Loth offense and defense since you are the only man on the line of scrimmage that can score.

You have

greater leeway than other players in the manner of playing your position, which fact puts a premium on your originality, cleverness, and individuality. This position promotes spectacular play, resulting in recognition from your coach, team mates, and spectators.

Therefore, you need to condition

and train yourself to he one of the most versatile players.

If the

methods and procedures of this chapter are mastered, you will have acquired the basis for good end play. A.

OFFENSE

How to perform offensively on the line of scrimmage 1. How to vary the position. a.

Modify the- manner in which you line up.

b.

Maneuver the defensive tackle out of position before the ball is passed.

c.

Decoy the defensive linemen out of position so that you will not be caught going down under punts and passes.

d. Stay within the rulesgoverning

theshift andoff sides.

2. How to block the tackle. a. Never go to the ground,

but get goodcontactand stay

with the

tackle. b.

Never tip off the tackle as to what you are going to do.

51

c.

Block with the shoulder and neck, never with the elbow.

d.

Drive through the tackle and not just to him.

e.

Apply a knee block if the end misses with the shoulder block.

f.

Use the reverse shoulder or reverse body block.

3. How to maneuver on the line of scrimmage. a. Throw the head and shoulder one way, and step the other. b.

Fake a shoulder block by charging the opponent, and quickly releasing.

c.

Move laterally and away from the opponent.

d.

Make a complete pivot on the line of scrimmage before going down field.

e.

Break to the outside of the tackle before going down field. B.

DEFENSE

How to perform defensively on the line of scrimmage 1. How to be -a smashing end. a. Get a fast, lo\vr start and penetrate deep into the backfield. b.

Smash all the interference, and then play the ball.

c.

Set up the ball carrier for the secondary by smashing or tackling the interference.

d. 2.

A ssume the stance of a sprinter, facing in at about 45°.

How to drift with a play. a.

Use the hands and footwork to keep the interference away from the body.

b.

Move across the line of scrimmage two or three steps, and then play the interference with the feet well spread.

c.- Play the "blocker whom the "ball carrier is following. d. Shuffle with the play as it sv/ings toward the side line. 3.

How a.

to "be a waiting end. Be cautious.

• "b. Use a crouch stance.

k.

c.'

Wait for the play to develop.

d.

Go in or out as the play moves.

e.

Do not "be too anxious to catch a play from "behind.

f.

Bake the "blocker to make the "ball carrier .declare himself.

How

to combine the art of smashing and

drifting.

a. Employ the .tactics of both types. b.

Start fast on all plays

so the passer as well as the runner

can be met. c.

Vary your responsibility with the tackle, especially against passes and punts. C.

PASS RECEIVING

How to utilize various skills in receiving a pass 1.

How to catch a pass. a.

Keep theeyes on the forward part of the ball.

bi

Catch the ball with the hands; do not press itagainst

c.

Keep the arms and hands loose and relaxed.

d.

Give with the ball, as it touches the hands.

e.

Turn the.thumbs out when the ball is caught below thewaist.

f.

Turn the thumbs in when the ball is caught above the waist.

the body.

53

2. How to catch a long pass. a. Rian at top speed to get into position. t>. Relax the last two or three steps before catching the ball. c. Don’t extend the arms until the pass is to be caught. d. Learn to fade, pivot, and change directions v/hile under way. D.

DOWN FIELD

How to block and defend on down field runs and kicks 1. How to block down field. a. Break five yards down field after the primary blocking assignment has been executed. b. Avoid carelessness, fatigue, and laziness. c. Draw the defense off balance by pretending tobe

a passreceiver.

2. How to perform on punts. a. Draw the defensive linemen away from the punter thereby relieving pressure on the kicker. b. Don't look back. c. Listen for the impact of the kick. d. Keep well to the outside of the ball, and play the blocker with the hands. e. Do not stop as you meet the blocker, but avoid him. f. Slacken your speed upon approaching the receiver.

54

E.

RUNNING METHODS

How to get free to receive a pass 1,

How to get into the open, a.

o b.

I

Stop and go

a

g.

o

Button hook

Diagonal run

0 h.

E

6 i

Flooding a zone /

s

0 c.

E

o

0 i.

Criss cross

0 d.

a

0

Out and down

e.

o f.

k.

Delayed run

a 1.

0

E

0

Y

E

Dpeak in

0

Pivot

E

Feint and Break

0

0

6

Break to the flat

0 j.

a

E

7

0

Double timing the defense

55 *

*

*

ASSIGNMENTS Drills, to increase your ability to play end 1.

PASS CATCHING:

Assignment, in which actual running, timing, and

catching is done. a.

Line up for pass catching drills as diagramed:

r E6 E7 E8 S9 E10

El E2 E3 Ei+ E5 B2

B3 h. The hall is centered from C to B1 who fades hack and passes to El who is running down field* c.

Another hall is centered from C to B2 who passes to E6.

*

d. Three halls are used. e. Bl, B2, and B3 alternate in passing to the ends. f. El lines up behind E10 after running after a pass. g. 16 lines up behind E5 after running after a pass. 2.

LIKE BLOCKING:

Assignment involving the end and the halfback combining

to block the tackle. a. Line up with the halfbacks opposite the tackles as diagramed:

c

56

b.

All ends and halfbacks perform the same block on the same starting signal.

c.

The coach, C, is only visible to the ends and halfbacks as he is to the rear of the tackles.

d.

Prearranged signals, given by the coach, indicate the type of block to be used. EVALUATION Check-up which applies to your ability to perform as an end

1.

TRUE-FALSE; T

Put an X in the correct space for true or false.

P

a.

( )( ) You should always line up the same way.

b.

( )( ) You should never block with the shoulder or neck.

c.

( )( ) If the tackle is missed on the initial charge, you should drop and roll into him.

d. ( )( ) A smashing end should fight off the interference with his hands. e
X

X

58 Trap

53 Out

X X\ X,

X

)\X >x\ ,X X

58 In

58 Cross

X

V ^

,X/ X X /X \ /X X .XX 0 0 a 0 or 0^ ---- i - 1 5

X hx

x\

X X

-ho ho

x 'S'a 6

.x/x

cr'

lv 58 Out and Up

58 Button and So X

X X X

X

X X

X

x\ x