A course of study in good grooming for junior high school girls

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A COURSE OP STUDY IN GOOD GROOMING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS

A Project Presented to the Faculty of the School of Education The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Education

by Agnes Florence Meli June 1950

UMI Number: EP45963

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£ • ( ) ( ) Mem should let your mood and pocketbook guide you in the selection of clothes. ( ) ( ) Xou should launder your own clothes.

d«

( ) ( )

should own a clothes bag for your better things*

( ) ( ) You should plan your wardrobe on paper before buying, f.

( ) ( ) You should hang up sweaters carefully,

g*

( ) ( ) You should avoid closets that have windows because they allow dust and dirt to enter.

h.

( ) ( ) You should buy clothes to aid your figure to look average rather than too fat or too skinny.

RATING SCALE:

Place an X in the spaces for -which you

qualify. a.

Own a sewing basket.

b.

Have ample sweaters.

c.

Own several gay scarfs.

d.

Buy only after planning.

e.

Remove spots to save on the dry cleaning bill.

f.

Wear protective dress shields.

g»

Hang my clothes up faithfully.

h.

Fold my sweaters neatly and keep them in a drawer.

i.

Know how to wash my clothes. Wash my personal things after each wearing.

(

Total score.

112 CHAPTER 11.

FOOTCARE

HOW TO SELECT AND CARE FOR YOUR SHOES, SOCKS, AND FEET A.

MOTIVATION:

Benefits and rewards

you learn to care for your 3hoes, 1.

BETTER POSTURE:

you will receive If socks, and feet.

Knowing how to distribute your

weight on your feet will improve your posture. 2.

MORE COMFORT:

No girl can look or feel her best

if she is constantly worried about how much farther she can walk in a pair of uncomfortable shoes. 3.

UNAFRAID:

If you care for your feet properly you

w o n ’t be

embarrassed when you go barefooted at the

beach.

Your feet will be smooth and free from

corns, red spots, callouses, and other foot ail­ ments. 4.

STRENGTH:

If you give your feet careful attention

and care you probably w o n ’t be bothered by the common foot ailments. B.

-DIRECTIONS:

Suggestions and tips for you on how to care

for your feet. 1.

SELECTION:

How to choose and buy socks and stock­

ings. a.

Purchase good socks and stockings.

b.

Buy socks that permit free movement of your toes •

c.

Change socks or stockings frequently.

d.

Wear heavy or wool socks for active sports.

e.

Select white socks for physical education.

f.

Wear socks o r stockings with all

g.

Put powder in your socks to

keep your feet dry.

h.

Wear darker toned stockings

with seams to help

of your shoes.

make your legs look longer and thinner. i.

Select seamless hose in tones nearer flesh color if you want your legs to look heavier.

j.

Avoid fat woolen or angora ankle socks if your legs are too fat or too thin,

k.

Buy stockings, two pairs of the same color at a time.

SHOES: a.

How to select and buy proper shoes,

Buy well constructed shoes. (1)

There should be an approximately straight inner line from heel to toe.

(2)

The 'front part of the shoe should be broad as the toe of your foot.

(3)

The heel should not be over 1^ inches high.

(4)

The shoe should fit snugly around the arch and instep of the foot and loosely over the toes.

(5)

The heels for city wear are b e t t e r i f they are of rubber.

114 b.

Get a good fit, don*t demand a certain size, let the shoe salesman fit your foot properly,

c.

Don*t be tempted because they are pretty to buy a pair of shoes which pinch your foot or make your toes curl up in sheer agony.

d.

Leave patent leather shoes alone as they do not allow free ventilation of the feet.

e>.

Try to find shoes that have rubber heels as they relieve the body of the jar it receives when you walk on hard floors, paved streets, or cement walks.

f.

Avoid high heels.

g.

Be sure to stand and walk in your shoes before you buy them.

h.

Wear tennis shoes only during active participa­ tion in sports or in your physical education class.

i.

Leave arch supports for doctors to prescribe. Get them only under supervision of a physician.

j.

Wear flat shoes with your sweaters and skirts.

1.

Avoid wearing fancy bowed pumps or ankle strap sandals as they are never correct for school wear.

m.

Select, if your legs are thin, ankle straps or high vamps for dress occasions.

Wear medium

heels for school# n.

Don*t wear wedgies or exaggerated platform soles as they only make you look shorter and your feet look heavier,

o. p.

Own several pairs of shoes. Change shoes frequently.

Avoid wearing the same

pair of shoes every day# SHXUY:

How to take care of your shoes,

a#

Have a regular shoe shine kit.

b.

Polish one pair while you wear another#

c.

Have the heels repaired as soon as they begin to show signs of wear.

d.

Avoid polishes that come off on your ankles.

e.

Have a shoe bag to keep your shoes in.

EXERCISE:

How to strengthen and relax your feet

to prevent trouble. a.

Consult your physician for special help#

b.

Massage your feet, particularly the instep muscles.

c.

Examine the shoes you*re wearing to see if they are at fault.

They may be too narrow or too

short. d.

Bathe your feet after fatiguing work. (1)

Use cool water, dry thoroughly.

(2)

Dust your f e e t twith a powder.

e.

Perform exercises to strengthen your feet* (1)

Pick up a pencil or marbles with your toes.

(2)

Cross your knees and make circles with your feet.

(3)

Do each foot separately.

Stand barefooted with your heels parallel and about two inches apart. seam or line in a rug.

Straddle a

One the count of

one, roll the feet forcibly out, and on the count of two, allow them to roll slowly in, but not all the way.

Do this 25 to 100

times. (4)

Stand with your feet straddling a seam or line in the rug and walk across the room with all the weight borne by the outer borders of the feet.

Do this five times

up and back. CORRECTION:

How to care for and prevent common foot

ailments. a.

Never walk around on any floor in bare feet.

b.

Dry the feet thoroughly especially between the toes after taking a bath or going swimming.

c.

Put powder inside your stockings.

d.

Wear clean socks or stockings every

e.

Keep your feet very clean.

day.

Wear rubber clogs or bathing shoes in public shower rooms and on decks of swimming pools. Take foot baths before stepping into swimming pools• D o n ’t wear shoes or socks of another person, especially if she is known to have foot trouble. Be familiar with the symptoms of athlete’s foot. (1)

Shedding or scaling of the skin.

(2)

Formation of small blisters.

(3)

Cracking between the toes.

(4)

Itching of parts affected.

(5)

Change in color of the skin.

Keep the nails and toes scrupulously clean. Give yourself a weekly pedicure. Check with your doctor if your athlete’s foot doesn’t disappear. (1)

Don't rely on commercial products to do the trick.

(2)

Try to rid yourself and prevent it.

Cut your toe nails properly. Keep your feet from becoming overheated. Clean the inside of your shoes with pure formalin and set the shoes out to dry where they will be exposed to the sun. Wear shoes with leather soles.

118 r.

Report to your physical education teacher or school nurse any skin eruption on your feet.

8.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:

Where to get further

assistance. a.

Books. (1)

Charters, W. W . :

A Sound Body.

Macmillan

Co., New York, 1942. (2)

Daly, Sheila J.:

Pretty Please.

Dodd, Mead

& Co., New York, 1949. (3)

Williams,

Jesse F.s

Personal Hygiene

Applied.

W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia,

1942. b.. Films. (1)

Care of the Feet.

Encyclopedia Brittannica

Films. (2)

The Human Foot. Service.

United States Public Health

(This film tells the story of the

foot and how it functions in weight bearing and locomotion. ) (3)

Proper Steps.

Brandon Films Inc.

(This

film describes remedial steps for foot troubles. c.

participate in a series of role playing episodes illustrating how one should go about buying a "V

new pair of shoes.

a

v

119 C.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT:

Projects for you to carry out if

you want to have healthy and strong feet. 1.

INSPECTION:

Be prepared to pass a foot and shoe

Inspection.

Check before hand to see that you are

able to pass all phases of it. 2.

PURCHASE:

Buy a new pair of shoes and socks and

wear them to school* 3.

HELP OTHERS:

Go with someone

buy a pair of shoes and socks D.

EVALUATION: 1.

Things you can do to

TRUE-FALSE:

else and help her that fit correctly. check on yourself.

Place an X in the correct

space for

true or false. T a.

F

( ) ( ) You should buy shoes that have low heels for school.

b.

() ( ) You should always wear socks or stockings to school.

c.

() ( ) You should report to your physical education teacher any skin eruption on your feet.

d.

() ( ) You should buy seamless hose if you want your legs to look thinner.

e.

() ( ) You should get arch supports for your shoes if you have fallen arches.

RATIHG SCALE:

Place an X in the spaces for which

you qualify. a.

( ) Wear clean socks every day.

b.

( ) Wear low heeled, broad-toed shoes to school.

c.

( ) Polish my shoes frequently.

d.

( ) Am free of athlete*s foot.

e.

( ) Exercise my toes and feet daily.

(

) Total score.

CHAPTER 12.

POSTURE

HOW TO LOOK YOUR BEST A,

MOTIVATION;

Benefits and rewards you will receive if

you learn to stand, walk, and sit correctly, 1.

LESS TIRING:

People who maintain good posture do

not get tired so easily as correct posture is one designed to relieve tiredness. 2.

BETTER HEART ACTION:

If your posture is gpod, your

heart will have its normal space to work in.

Poor

posture results in the chest being cramped and this in turn places pressure on the heart, slumping of the abdomen, and sagging of the heart muscles. 5.

BETTER BREATHING:

Good posture enables you to

breathe properly.

This is often all that is needed

to overcome temporary nervousness and embarrassment. 4.

SAFETY MEASURES: gether.

All parts of your body work to­

A change from poor posture to good posture

helps to check constipation and it has a good effect upon the digestion. 5.

MORE ATTRACTIVE:

No matter how nice your clothes

are they look better if your posture is good. Styles often influence the posture we assume, but a fine balance of the body in standing or moving position is always attractive. 6.

PAYMENT:

Good posture pays.

A young woman hunting

a job shows her mental energy and alertness by the way she stands, sits, and walks. B.

DIRECTIONS:

Suggestions and tips for you on how to sit,

stand, and walk correctly. 1.

STANDING: a.

How to stand correctly.

Balance your body on the balls of your feet with the weight on the outer side.

b.

Keep the weight poised and evenly distributed.

c.

Tuck your buttocks under*

d*

Work to keep the abdominal muscles flat. (1)

Hold it inward and upward.

(2)

Avoid heavy skirts fastened at the waist, as they tend to pull the abdomen downward.

e.

Hold your shoulders up but don*t force them back into an awkward position.

f.

Let your head fall into a natural comfortable position.

g.

Keep your chin straight, don*t hold it back in an artificial position or allow it to protrude forward.

h. 2.

Let your hands fall naturally at your sides.

SITTING: a.

How to sit correctly.

Keep relaxed and prevent fatigue which comes from trying to hold awkward and stiff positions.

b.

Sit in a chair so that the trunk of your body is straight.

c.

Bend your body so that the bending comes from the hip joint.

d.

Sit as far back in your chair as possible.

e.

Have your feet touch the floor.

f.

Don*t wrap your feet around the legs of chairs.

WALKING: a.

How to walk correctly.

Avoid carrying books or other heavy objects on only one side.

b.

Keepthe weight on the outer side

c.

Walk with your feet

of thefeet.

in a parallel position so

that your toes will point directly forward not inward or outward. d.

Walk with your heels striking the ground first and the weight then transferred to the toes.

e.

Buy shoes that fit.

f.

Keep your shoulders

g.

(See Chapter 11.) back*

Walk with a long smooth stride swinging your leg from the hips.

h*

Push off strongly with the toes and do not let the swing come entirely from the hip.

i.

Walk as though you were carrying a heavy book on your head.

You might practice this at hprae

to get the correct position.

*

124 4.

EXERCISING:

How to reduce or improve special trouble P

spots. a.

Find out what your figure faults are.

b.

Set aside a time for your

c.

exercises.

(1)

Half an hour before bed.time.

(2)

Ten minutes when you

get up in the morning.

Begin with a few exercises and Increase

the

number and times done as you progress and get use to it. d.

Include plenty of stretching in all your exercises.

e.

Exercise using the one for your special need. (1)

Protruding stomach.

Lie flat on your back,

arms at your side, legs together, knees stiff.

Without bending your knees, raise

your legs as high as you can off the floor and then lower them slowly.

Do this five

to twenty-five times. (2)

Thick thighs. (a)

Lie flat on your back.

One at a time

draw up your knees so that the top of your thigh is lying on your stomach. Kick leg out straight and hard. this ten times morning and night.

Do

125 (b)

Lie flat on the floor.

Prop your hips

up in the air by leaning on your el­ bows.

Kick your legs in bicycle m o ­

tion. (3)

Waist is too thick.

Stand with your feet

* in stride'position.

Without bending your

knees touch your right hand to your left toe. (4)

Repeat using the other hand and toe.

Bosom is too small. (a)

Lie on your stomach. grab your ankles.

Reach back and

Pull yourself as

far off the floor as you can, from the shoulders. (b)

Stand up straight with your feet in stride position.

Hold your arms

straight out with fingertips touch­ ing.

Swing arms straight back from

the shoulders, at shoulder level, as far as possible, and bring back again to the original position. f.

Supervise your diet.

g.

Wear

a girdle.

(1)

Have an expert saleswoman fit you properly.

(2)

Buy one that is light weight.

(3)

Get firm stomach muscles from exercise, from a girdle.

not

h.

Improve your posture by practicing good posture habits.

i.

Exercise to correct round shoulders (kyphosis), hollow back (lordosis), and lateral curvature {scoliosis ). (1)

Shoulder braces do not help.

(2)

Corrective gymnastics will help if the individual is interested.

IMPROVEMENT: a.

How to secure better posture.

Have a posture test and remove the cause of poor posture.

b.

Improve your standing, sitting, and walking positions.

c.

Build strength in muscles that hold your body in good posture.

d.

Maintain a happy and cheerful disposition.

e.

Clothe yourself properly.

f.

Provide yourself with adequate food.

g.

Select desks and chairs which fit you.

h.

Avoid sleeping on pillows that are toohigh.

I.

Improve your lighting so you won*t have

to sit

in awkward positions, j.

Shift your position if you find you have held a particular position for a long time,

k.

Avoid fatigue.

127 6.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:

Where to get further

assistance. a.

Books. Cl)

Daly, Sheila, J.:

Pretty Plea3e. Dodd,

Mead & Co., New York, 1949. (2)

Williams, Jesse F . : Personal Hygiene Applied.

W. B.

Saunders Co., Philadelphia,

1942. b.

Films. (1)

Posture.

British Information Service.

(Tells the story of proper posture and how to attain it.)

C.

(2)

Posture and Exercise.

(3)

Posture Habits.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENT:

Association Films.

Coronet.

Projects for you to carry out if

you want to stand, walk, and sit correctly. 1.

COMPETITION:

Enter the class posture contest and

if you don’t win first place receive 2.

make sure you do

your certificate for excellent posture.

HELP OTHERS:

Help someone else to attain correct

walking, standing, and sitting posture. 3.

AT HOME:

Practice the tips and suggestions learned

in this chapter on members of your family. 4.

AT SCHOOL: posture.

Help your friends to maintain good

128 D.

EVALUATION: 1.

Things for you to do to check on yourself.

BEST ANSWER:

Place the number of the correct anser

in the parentheses. a. ( ) If you want (1)

Skip breakfast.

girdle. (4)

to reduce your waist, you should:'

(5)

(2)

Wear a tighter

Practice touching your toes.

Roll and pound your body*

b.* ( ) If you want to stand straight, you should: (1)

Not worry about pulling your shoulders

straight.

(2)

Concern yourself with hold­

ing your chin in. shoulders.

(4)

(3)

Worry about your

Keep the weight evenly dis­

tributed. 2.

RATING SCALE:

Place an X in the spaces for which

you qualify. a*

) Stand correctly.

b.

) Sit correctly.

c.

) Walk properly.

d.

) Exercise daily.

e.

) Wear a properly fitted girdle.

f.

) Wear clothes that are not binding or tight

(

) Total points.

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