A course in mechanical drawing

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A COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING

A P ro je c t P re se n te d to th e F a c u lty o f th e School o f E d u c a tio n T he U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r t ia l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r th e D eg ree M a ste r o f S c ie n c e i n E d u c a tio n

by S i e g f r i e d C a r l R in g w a ld June

1 950

UMI Number: EP46033

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

Dissertation Publishing

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v>* This project report, written under the direction of the candidate’s adviser and approved hy him , has been presented to and accepted by the Faculty of the School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M aster of Science in Education .

A dviser

Dean

ii TABLE OP CONTENTS CHAPTER

PAGE PART I .

THE STRUCTURE

HOW TO DRAW THE BASIC PARTS OF YOUR COTTAGE HOW TO DRAW THE PLOT P L A N ........................................ . 1*

SCALE:

. .

.

2

How t o s e l e c t t h e p r o p e r s c a l e

t o u se i n y o u r d ra w in g

.............................

2

2.

PLACING:

How t o f a s t e n y o u r d r a w i n g . . . .

2

3.

How t o s h a r p e n y o u r p e n c i l • • • • • • • • .

4

4.

POSITION:

5.

LEAD:

How t o h o l d t h e p e n c i l .....................

4

How t o s e l e c t t h e p e n c i l w i t h t h e

c o r r e c t d eg ree o f h a rd n e ss

. . .

5

6.

How t o u s e t h e T - s q u a r e ........................• • • • •

5

7.

TESTING:

5

8.

How t o t r y o u t t h e

How t o u s e t r i a n g l e s

T -sq uare

. . .

........................................

5

9.

How t o draw a n g l e s o f 15 an d 75 d e g r e e s

.

.

10.

How t o u s e t h e s c a l e ................................• • • • •

6

11.

How t o r u l e l i n e s

6

12.

How t o d r a w t h e b o r d e r l i n e s

13.

. • • . • • • • • • • • •

6

• • • • • • •

7

How t o e r a s e p e n c i l l i n e s

................................

7

14.

How t o d i m e n s i o n y o u r p l a t e

.............................. .

8

15.

How t o d ra w a r r o w h e a d s .....................................

16.

HEADING:

17.

How t o l e t t e r

How t o l a y o u t t h e

.

1.

title

9

. . . .

9

........................................

10

iii CHAPTER 18.

PAGE SPACING:

How t o s e t up y o u r d r a w i n g

f o r t h e p l o t p l a n .................................................. •

10

19.

How t o d ra w t h e c o t t a g e ...................................

11

20.

REGULATIONS:

How t o c o m p ly w i t h

b u i l d i n g c o d e r u l e s i n y o u r d r a w in g 2.

FOUNDATION AND SIL L : WALL SECTION

5.

................................................................................

15

How t o s e t up y o u r d r a w i n g

15

SPACING:

2.

How t o

d raw t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g

3.

How t o

d ra w t h e c o n c r e t e p o s t

5.

. . .

. . . .

.

. . • • • •

TOUCHING UP:

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w in g

17 17

How t o d ra w t h e s i l l ..................................................

17



19

...........................................................................

20

FOUNDATION AND SIL L : CENTER SECTION

4.

11

HOW TO DRAW THE

1.

4.

. . .

HOW TO DRAW THE

1.

SPACING:

How t o s e t up y o u r d r a w i n g

. . .

20

2.

How t o

d raw t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g

3.

How t o

d ra w t h e c o n c r e t e p o s t ........................ .......

4.

How t o d ra w t h e s i l l

5.

TOUCHING UP:

• . • •



• • • • • • • • • • •

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w in g

LAYOUT:

How t o s p a c e y o u r d r a w i n g

2.

How t o d raw t h e f r o n t p o r c h

22 22

.

HOW TO DRAW THE FLOOR P L A N .................................................. 1.

22

23 25

. • • •

25



25

iv CHAPTER 3. 4.

PAGE How t o l a y o u t t h e l i v i n g ro o m . . . . . . . BEDROOM DOOR:

How t o d raw t h e d o o r

b e tw e e n t h e l i v i n g room a n d t h e b e d ro o m 5.

27

. .

27

s e p a r a t i n g t h e l i v i n g room a n d t h e k i t c h e n •

27

KITCHEN DOOR:

How t o d ra w t h e d o o r

6*

How t o l a y o u t t h e b e d r o o m .............................

7*

How t o l a y o u t t h e c l o s e t

8.

How t o l a y o u t t h e k i t c h e n .............................

9.

How t o d raw t h e b a c k p o r c h

10.

TOUCHING UP:

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g

11.

FUTURE HOME:

How t o f o l l o w a p r o c e d u r e

. . .

28

. . . . . .

28

28

...................................... .

29 29

f o r d ra w in g t h e f l o o r p l a n s f o r th e

5.

home y o u i n t e n d t o b u i l d ......................................

29

HOW TO DRAW THE GABLE SIDE E L E V A T I O N .......................

33

1.

OUTLINE:

How t o s e t up y o u r e l e v a t i o n

d r a w i n g ................................................................................... • • • •

33

2.

How t o d ra w t h e c h i m n e y ........................ ..

3.

How t o d ra w t h e s c r e e n e d o p e n i n g s ......................

35

4.

How t o d r a w t h e l e f t windows

...............................

35

5.

How t o d ra w t h e r i g h t w i n d o w s ...............................

36

6.

How t o draw t h e b e v e l e d s i d i n g

..........................

36

7.

How t o draw t h e l o u v e r

..............................................

36

8.

How t o d ra w t h e r o o f d e t a i l s

...............................

35

36

V

CHAPTER 9.

6.

PAGE How t o d ra w t h e c e m e n t s t e p s ...............................37

10*

How t o d ra w t h e r a i l i n g ...........................

•• . .

37

11*

TOUCHING UP:

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g . .

37

HOW TO DRAW THE FRONT E L E V A T IO N .............................................. 39 1*

SPACING:

How t o s e t u p y o u r d r a w i n g

.

. .

2.

How t o d raw t h e s c r e e n e d o p e n i n g s

3*

How t o d ra w t h e l e f t w i n d o w s ................... *. •

4.

How t o d ra w t h e r i g h t w indow s

5*

How t o d ra w t h e c h im n e y

6.

COMPLETION:

7.

FUTURE HOME:

.

. . . . . .

39 41

.

41

................................... 42

.................................................. 42

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w in g

.



42

How t o f o l l o w a s t e p b y s t e p

p r o c e d u r e f o r d ra w in g th e e l e v a t i o n p l a n s f o r t h e home y o u p l a n t o b u i l d ...........................42 7.

8.

CORNICE DETAILS:

HOW TO DRAW THE SECTION

1.

OUTLINE:

How t o s p a c e y o u r d r a w i n g

2.

How t o show t h e s t u d .................... .

3#

How t o d ra w t h e r a f t e r s

4.

How t o d ra w t h e j o i s t s

5.

COMPLETION:

CORNICE DETAILS:

.

. . .

45



• • .

45

................................... 47

........................ • • .

• •

. . . . . . . . . . .

47 47

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w in g

. . .

48

HOW TO DRAW THE ELEVATION

. . .

49

1.

SPACING:

How t o l a y o u t y o u r d r a w i n g

2.

How t o d ra w t h e r o o f

. . . .

49

.................................................. 49

vi CHAPTER 3.

PAGE TOUCHING. UP:

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g . .

51

PART I I . HOW TO DRAW THE DETAILS 9.

10.

HOW TO DRAW THE WINDOW AND LOUVER 1.

SPACING:

2.

How

t o d raw

t h e window

3.

How

t o draw

th e lo u v e r

4.

COMPLETION:

How t o l a y o u t y o u r w indow

SPACING:

. . . .

............................................

56

. •

56

...................................................................59

How t o l a y o u t t h e o u t l i n e o f

y o u r d o o r ..................................

11.

54 54

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g

HOW TO DRAW THE DOOR 1.

.................................... 54

.

59

How t o d ra w t h e p a r t s o f y o u r d o o r

59

2.

DETAILS:

3.

TOUCHING UP:

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g . •

61

HOW TO DRAW THE WOODWORK D E T A IL S .......................................... 63 1.

LAYOUT:

How t o s e t u p y o u r d r a w i n g

. . . .

63

2.

How

t o d raw

t h e b e v e l e d s i d i n g .............................

3.

How

t o draw

t h e c ro w n m o l d .............................................. 63

4.

How

t o d ra w

t h e d r i p c a p ............................................

5.

How

t o d ra w

t h e t h r e e p i e c e b a s e .................................. 65

6.

How

t o d ra w

t h e window t r i m ......................................... 65

7.

CONCLUSION:

63

65

How t o b r i n g y o u r woodw ork

d e t a i l s t o a n e n d ................................................................... 66

v ii CHAPTER 12.

PAGE

HOW TO DRAW THE PLAN S Y M B O L S .............................. 1.

LAYOUT:

2.

How t o d ra w t h e i n s i d e d o o r .........................

3*

How t o d raw t h e

o u tsid e door

. . • • • • •

69

4.

How t o d raw t h e

d o u b l e h u n g w indow s . . . .

71

5.

How t o d ra w t h e

p o l e and c u r t a i n

71

6.

How t o d raw t h e g r o u p w i n d o w s ................................

71

7.

How t o d raw t h e c h i m n e y ..............................................

71

8.

How t o d ra w t h e e l e c t r i c



71

9*

How t o d raw t h e k i t c h e n s y m b o l s ...........................

72

10.

How t o s p a c e y o u r d r a w in g

69

COMPLETION:

. .

.

• 69

• • • • ♦

s y m b o ls

69

. . • .

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w in g



72

.

76

PART I I I . HOW TO MAKE YOUR PLANS READY FOR INSPECTION 15.

HOW TO MAKE TRACINGS OF YOUR COUNTRY COTTAGE 1.

How t o s e t u p a

p e n c il tra c in g

2.

How t o m a i n t a i n

a c o n t r a s t b e tw e e n l i n e s

3.

How t o a v b i d sm u d g in g s o f t p e n c i l l i n e s

4.

How t o f i l l

5.

How t o r u l e l i n e s i n i n k ........................................

6.

INKING:

.

76 77

y o u r p e n ...................................................

77

How t o f o l l o w a p r o c e d u r e

.

76

.

i n k in g y o u r d ra w in g 7.

• • • • • .

fo r

.................................................

How t o make i n k t r a c i n g s

78

. • • • • • • • •

78 79

viii

CHAPTER 14.

PAGE

HOW TO MAKE BLUEPRINTS OF YOUR D R A W IN G ........................... 83 1.

How t o e x p o s e t h e p a p e r ..................................................

83

2.

How t o d e v e l o p t h e d r a w i n g .........................

84

ix LIST OP BLUEPRINTS EXHIBIT

PAGE

A.

PLOT P L A N ..............................................................................................

B.

FOUNDATION AND S I L L .......................................................................... 16

C.

FOUNDATION CENTERSECTION

D.

FLOOR P L A N .............................. .

E.

GABLE SIDE ELEVATION...........................................................................34

F.

FRONT E L E V A T I O N .................................................................................... 40

G.

CORNICE S E C T I O N .....................................................................................46

H.

CORNICE E L E V A T I O N ................................................................................50

I.

WINDOW AND L O U V E R ............................................................................... 55

J.

DOOR

K.

WOODWORK D E T A I L S ..........................................................

L.

PLAN SIM B O L S.............................................................................................. 70

.........................................................

3

21

................................................................ 26

.................................

60 64

x PREFACE TO THE STUDENT T h is c o u rs e o u t l i n e i s

i n t e n d e d t o s e r v e tw o p u r p o s e s :

( 1 ) To g i v e y o u d e f i n i t e d i r e c t i o n s f o r d r a w i n g t h e c o n s tr u c tio n p la n s f o r your f u tu r e c o u n try c o tta g e . ( 2 ) To g i v e y o u e x p e r i e n c e i n d r a w i n g p l a n s f o r a t y p i c a l home y o u may p l a n t o b u i l d i n t h e f u t u r e . Each c h a p te r i s d ra w in g p l a n s .

an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f t h e c o m p l e t e

You may l a t e r f i n d u s e f o r t h e s e p l a n s

o r y o u may h o p e t o r e v i s e th e m .

In e i t h e r c ase th ey w ill

s e rv e you w ith a b a s i c u n d e rs ta n d in g o f th e lan g u a g e o f th e a r c h i t e c t an d o f f e r y o u a m eans f o r d r a w i n g b a s i c h o u s e d e s i g n s t h a t y o u may some d a y b r i n g i n t o r e a l i t y . E v e r y u n i t i n t h e c o u r s e h a s d e t a i l e d d i r e c t i o n s w h ic h s h o u l d be c a r e f u l l y r e a d b e f o r e y o u b e g i n t h e a c t u a l d r a w in g o f y o u r p l a t e s .

xi PREFACE TO THE TEACHER The aim o f t h i s p r o j e c t i s t o p r o v i d e s u i t a b l e m e th o d s i n d e v e l o p i n g t h e b e g i n n i n g p u p i l 1s a b i l i t y b a sic p rin c ip le s

o f m e c h a n i c a l d r a w in g *

to u t i l i z e

th e

The d r a w i n g o f

p l a n s f o r a c o u n t r y c o t t a g e i s t h e m eans f o r c o m p l e t i n g th is p u rp o se. The c o u r s e i s d i v i d e d i n t o f o u r t e e n c h a p t e r s , e a c h c h a p t e r r e p r e s e n t i n g a b a s i c p a r t o f home c o n s t r u c t i o n . M e th o d s f o r c o m p l e t i n g e a c h d r a w i n g a r e c l e a r l y d e f i n e d in each c h a p te r. T h r o u g h o u t t h e s y l l a b u s a d i r e c t p r o b l e m a p p r o a c h was used.

D i f f i c u l t i e s f a c e d b y t h e s t u d e n t s w e re w r i t t e n b y

th e w r i t e r , s t u d e n t s , and o t h e r t e a c h e r s . w e re s u p p l e m e n t e d b y l i s t s c o m m u n ity .

These l i s t s

from m a tu re p e o p le i n th e

P r o b le m s w e re c o l l e c t e d b y m eans o f s l i p s ,

p o o l e d an d m e t h o d i c a l l y a r r a n g e d t o f o r m a b a s i s f o r t h e w ritin g o f th is p r o je c t.

Each c h a p te r i s

o rg a n iz e d w ith a

m o t i v a t i o n , p r e s e n t a t i o n , p e r f o r m a n c e an d e v a l u a t i o n se c tio n .

T h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n was f o r m u l a t e d t o a s s i s t t h e

i n s t r u c t o r in te a c h in g th e u n i t. In p r e p a r a tio n o f t h i s p r o je c t th e a u th o r i s g la d to make t h e f o l l o w i n g a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s :

To my w i f e E va R i n g w a l d ,

who p r o o f r e a d and t y p e d t h e w o r k , t o D o c t o r C l a u d e C r a w f o r d ,

x ii my p r o f e s s o r a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a who gave v a lu a b le a s s i s t a n c e i n o r g a n i z in g and p l a n n i n g th e c o n te n t of th e p r o j e c t ,

t o W i l l i a m C r a b t r e e and J e r r y

L o p o s s a , s t u d e n t s a t J e f f e r s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l , Long B e a c h , C a l i f o r n i a , who made t h e t r a c i n g s o f t h e e x h i b i t s , t o M r. R o la n d T h o m as, t e a c h e r a t W i l s o n H ig h S c h o o l , Long B e a c h , C a l i f o r n i a , who made t h e b l u e p r i n t s ,

and t o

th e

s t u d e n t s i n t h e 59 0 P r o j e c t S e m in a r who w e re h e l p f u l i n t h e i r many s u g g e s t i o n s .

1

PART I*

TEE STRUCTURE

HOW TO DRAW THE BASIC PARTS OP YOUR COTTAGE The b a s i s o f y o u r h o u s e i s t h e f o u n d a t i o n a n d e x t e r i o r stru c tu re *

Upon t h e s e f e a t u r e s r e s t s

com fort o f th e o c c u p a n ts .

th e s e c u r i t y and

Have y o u e v e r t h o u g h t a b o u t t h e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f y o u r own home?

Have y o u w o n d e re d a b o u t t h e

m y s t e r i e s o f f o u n d a t i o n s and f l o o r p l a n s ?

Do y o u f e e l t h a t

d r a w in g s k i l l c a n o n l y b e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h y e a r s o f p r a c t i c e ? The n e x t e i g h t c h a p t e r s w i l l show y o u t h a t i t i m m e d ia te p o w e r t o d r a w y o u r own h o u s e p l a n s .

i s w ith in your T hey w i l l

o f f e r you e x a c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s t h a t w i l l s e r v e you i n th e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f y o u r own hom e.

The d r a w i n g s h a v e b e e n

d e s i g n e d t o com ply w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g c o d e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f Long B e a c h , C a l i f o r n i a .

A t t h e same t i m e t h e y may s e r v e y o u

a s a b a s i s f o r y o u r own s p e c i a l h o u s e p l a n s w h ic h may d i f f e r f r o m t h e s e p l a n s i n some r e s p e c t s .

CHAPTER 1 HOW TO DRAW THE PLOT PLAN A,

MOTIVATION:

R e w a rd s t h a t w i l l r e s u l t f r o m a w e l l

d esig n ed p l o t p la n , 1.

EASY CONSTRUCTION:

M isu n d e rsta n d in g s in c o n s tr u c ­

t i o n l o c a t i o n w i l l b e a v o i d e d w i t h w e l l d ra w n p l o t p la n s. 2.

APPROVAL OP PLANS: w i l l be th e

first

A c c u r a t e l y d ra w n p l o t p l a n s s te p in th e a p p ro v al of your

c o tt a g e p lan s* 3.

HOME SECURITY:

A m i l l i o n d o l l a r h o t e l was o r d e r e d

d e s t r o y e d b y t h e c o u r t b e c a u s e i t d i d n o t c o m p ly w ith b u ild i n g code r e g u la tio n s * B*

DIRECTIONS:

Some h e l p f u l h i n t s o n how t o d ra w

your

p l o t p lan * 1.

SCALE:

How

to s e l e c t th e p ro p er s c a le to use in

y o u r d ra w in g . a.

Use 1 / 4 i n c h e q u a l s 1 f o o t i n a l l b u i l d i n g d ra w in g s u n l e s s i t i s

o th e rw ise s t a te d in th e

d ire c tio n s• b*

Use l / 8

in c h e q u a ls 1 f o o t in your p l o t p la n .

( S e e E x h i b i t A) 2.

PLACING: a.

How t o f a s t e n y o u r d r a w i n g .

L ay t h e p a p e r on t h e b o a r d a b o u t 1 i n c h f r o m

I —♦#

-35-0 r

■ 2^0 ■ **r

-5 -6

ItaMH

IT i EXHIBIT A. - PLOT PLAN - SCAEE g“ * I FOOT

th e l e f t

e d g e o f t h e d r a w in g

b.

U se p a p e r

c.

H o ld t h e th e l e f t

Q&

i n c h e s w id e a n d

h e a d o f th e

b o ard . 11 i n c h e s l o n g .

T -sq u are firm ly a g a in s t

edge o f t h e d ra w in g

b o ard w ith th e

u p p e r edge o f t h e b la d e a b o u t 4 in c h e s from th e b o tto m o f t h e b o a r d . d.

H o ld t h e T - s q u a r e and p a p e r i n p l a c e a n d f a s t e n th e u p p e r c o r n e r s o f th e s h e e t w ith thumb t a c k s .

e.

Do n o t f a s t e n t h e l o w e r e d g e s o f t h e

p ap er.

How t o s h a r p e n y o u r p e n c i l . a.

C u t away t h e wood on a 1 i n c h l o n g s l o p e .

b.

Do n o t c u t t h e l e a d .

c.

E x p o se t h e l e a d by l / 4

d.

Rub t h e l e a d b a c k a n d f o r t h o n a s a n d p a p e r

in ch .

u n t i l you have shaped a c o n ic a l p o i n t . e.

Remove t h e e x c e s s p a r t i c l e s o f g r a p h i t e b y w ip in g th e le a d w ith a

f.

N e v er s h a r p e n a p e n c i l

POSITION: a. b.

c lo th . o v e r th e d ra w in g b o a r d .

How t o h o l d y o u r p e n c i l .

H o ld t h e p e n c i l 1 i n c h f r o m t h e p o i n t . I n c l i n e t h e p e n c i l 10 d e g r e e s i n t h e

d ire c tio n

i n w h ic h y o u d ra w y o u r l i n e s . c.

H o ld t h e p e n c i l l o o s e l y b e tw e e n t h e f i r s t tw o f i n g e r s ,

t h e thum b and

w ith th e t i p s o f th e

5 t h i r d and f o u r t h f i n g e r s d.

to u c h in g th e T -s q u a re .

T u rn t h e p e n c i l s l o w l y b e t w e e n t h e f i n g e r s a s t h e l i n e i s b e in g draw n.

5.

LEAD:

How t o s e l e c t t h e p e n c i l w i t h t h e c o r r e c t

d eg ree of h a rd n e s s .

( P e n c i l s a r e made i n 17 g r a d e s

of h ard n ess) a.

Use a 5H o r 6H p e n c i l f o r l a y o u t o r c o n s t r u c ­ tio n lin e s .

b.

Use a n H o r 2H f o r l e t t e r i n g a n d a c c e n t i n g o r d a rk e n in g l i n e s .

6.

How t o u s e t h e T - s q u a r e . a.

P la c e th e head o f th e T -sq u a re f i r m l y a t th e l e f t edge o f th e d ra w in g b o a r d .

b.

Draw h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s on t h e u p p e r e d g e o f t h e b l a d e an d fr o m l e f t t o r i g h t .

7.

TESTING:

How t o t r y o u t t h e T - s q u a r e .

a.

R u le a l i n e b e tw e e n tw o f i x e d p o i n t s .

b.

T u rn t h e T - s q u a r e u p s i d e down and r u l e

a n o th e r

l i n e b e t w e e n t h e same tw o p o i n t s , u s i n g t h e same e d g e a s b e f o r e .

I f th e edge i s

t r u e , o n ly

one l i n e w i l l a p p e a r . c.

D i s c a r d t h e T - s q u a r e i f tw o l i n e s a p p e a r w i t h m ore t h a n 1 /1 6 i n c h d i f f e r e n c e .

8.

How t o u s e t r i a n g l e s . a.

P la c e th e t r i a n g l e a g a in s t th e u p p e r edge of

th© T - s q u a r e . b.

H o ld t h e t r i a n g l e i n p l a c e w i t h t h e l e f t h a n d , w h ic h a l s o h o l d s t h e T - s q u a r e a g a i n s t t h e b o a r d .

c.

P l a c e t h e thum b and p a lm o f t h e h a n d u p o n t h e T -s q u a re and u se t h e f i n g e r s t o c o n t r o l th e tria n g le .

9.

ANGLES:

How t o d raw a n g l e s o f 15 an d 75 d e g r e e s .

a.

H o ld

t h e 45 d e g r e e t r i a n g l e

b.

P la c e th e 30-60 d e g re e t r i a n g l e a g a in s t th e

a g a in s t th e T -sq u are.

45 d e g r e e t r i a n g l e . c.

Draw a l o n g t h e u p p e r e d g e o f t h e 3 0 - 6 0 d e g r e e tria n g le .

d.

R e v erse th e p o s i t i o n o f th e 3 0-60 d e g re e t r i a n g l e t o d ra w t h e 75 d e g r e e a n g l e .

1 0 ..

11.

How t o u s e t h e s c a l e . a.

S harpen your p e n c il t o a s h a rp p o i n t .

b.

P l a c e t h e s c a l e a l o n g t h e l i n e t o be m e a s u r e d .

c.

Look down o v e r t h e s c a l e .

d.

Mark

o f f th e d im e n sio n w ith y o u r p e n c i l .

e.

H o ld

th e p e n c il in a v e r t i c a l p o s it io n .

How t o r u l e l i n e s . a.

Use t h e u p p e r e d g e o f t h e T - s q u a r e .

b.

H o ld t h e h e a d o f t h e T - s q u a r e a g a i n s t t h e l e f t edge o f th e b o a rd w ith th e l e f t h an d.

c.

Move t h e p e n c i l f r o m l e f t

to r i g h t.

7 12.

How t o d ra w t h e b o r d e r l i n e s . a.

F a s t e n a n 8 1 / 2 x 11 i n c h s h e e t o f d r a w in g p a p e r t o th e d ra w in g b o a r d .

b.

P l a c e t h e s c a l e v e r t i c a l l y on t h e p a p e r and make s h o r t l i g h t d a s h e s o p p o s i t e t h e 5 / 8 i n c h and 8 l / 8

c.

in c h m arks.

P l a c e t h e s c a l e h o r i z o n t a l l y on t h e p a p e r a n d make a s h o r t d a s h a t t h e 3 / 8 i n c h and 10 5 / 8 in c h m arks.

d.

Draw v e r y l i g h t h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s

th ro u g h th e

5 / 8 i n c h and 8 1 / 8 i n c h d a s h e s . e.

Draw t h e t o p b o r d e r l i n e s .

f.

Draw v e r y l i g h t v e r t i c a l l i n e s t h r o u g h t h e 3 / 8 i n c h an d 11 l / 8

g.

in c h d a sh e s.

D arken th e h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s t o t h e i r p r o p e r le n g th .

13.

h.

Use a s o f t p e n c i l s u c h a s a n H o r 2H.

i.

D arken th e v e r t i c a l l i n e s t o t h e i r p ro p e r l e n g t h .

How t o e r a s e p e n c i l l i n e s . a.

Use l i g h t p e n c i l l i n e s u n t i l y o u a r e c e r t a i n t h a t y o u r w o rk i s

c o rre c t.

b.

Remove a l l i n s t r u m e n t s f r o m y o u r b o a r d .

c.

C lea n th e e r a s e r b e f o r e u s in g i t by ru b b in g i t on a p i e c e o f w a s t e p a p e r .

d.

H o ld t h e thumb a n d f o r e f i n g e r i n s u c h p o s i t i o n

8 n e a r t h e a r e a t o be e r a s e d , t h a t th e d ra w in g w i l l n o t b e t o r n or w rin k le d d u r in g th e e ra sin g . e.

Use a n e r a s i n g s h i e l d t o p r o t e c t a d j o i n i h g lin e s . (1 )

H o ld t h e s h i e l d f i r m l y i n p l a c e o v e r t h e lin e

an d p r o c e e d t o e r a s e t h r o u g h t h e

o p e n in g . (2)

P ro te c t th e a d jo in in g l in e w ith a p ie c e o f p a p e r i f you do n o t h a v e a n e r a s i n g s h ie ld .

f.

Wipe t h e w h o le d r a w i n g b o a r d f r e e o f a l l p a r t i c l e s w ith a c le a n c lo th .

14.

How t o d i m e n s i o n y o u r p l a t e . a.

Do n o t d r a w a d i m e n s i o n l i n e

th ro u g h a f i g u r e .

b.

Draw t h e d i v i s i o n l i n e o f f r a c t i o n s i n l i n e w ith th e d im e n sio n l i n e .

c.

Draw i n c h a n d f o o t m a rk s a s s h o r t v e r t i c a l lin e s.

d.

Draw d i m e n s i o n s u p t o 72 i n c h e s i n i n c h e s .

e.

I n c l u d e d i m e n s i o n s g r e a t e r t h a n 72 i n c h e s i n f e e t and i n c h e s .

f.

P la c e o v e r a l l d im e n sio n s o u t s i d e th e d e t a i l d im e n sio n s•

g.

D on*t d u p l i c a t e d im e n sio n s i n d i f f e r e n t v iew s.

9 h.

P l a c e d i m e n s i o n f i g u r e s o u t s i d e t h e d r a w in g its e lf*

i* 15*

D o n ft u se a c e n t e r l i n e as a d im en sio n lin e *

How t o d ra w a r r o w h e a d s * a*

Draw a r r o w s a t t h e p o i n t w h e r e t h e d i m e n s i o n lin e s

to u ch th e e x te n s io n l i n e s .

b*

Draw t h e a r r o w s n a r r o w and n o t w i d e .

c.

Draw t h e d i m e n s i o n l i n e f i r s t .

d.

P la c e your p e n c il p o in t a t th e en d , fo llo w in g t h e l i n e f o r a s h o r t d i s t a n c e a n d t h e n w o rk away f r o m i t *

e*

Draw t h e l e n g t h o f t h e a r r o w h e a d t h r e e t i m e s i t s w id th .

f.

Draw a r r o w s l o n g e r i n a l a r g e d r a w i n g t h a n i n a sm a ll d ra w in g .

g. 16*

Make a r r o w h e a d s l / 8

HEADING:

i n c h l o n g i n s m a l l d r a w in g s *

How t o l a y o u t t h e t i t l e .

a*

W rite o u t th e t i t l e

b.

Count th e l e t t e r s

i n lo n g h a n d .

in each lin e in c lu d in g th e

s p a c e s b e tw e e n w o rd s. c.

P la c e th e c e n te r o f each l i n e o f l e t t e r i n g th e c e n t e r l i n e o f th e t i t l e

d.

L e tte r th e t i t l e

on

strip .

b y w o rk in g o u t fro m th e

c e n te r l in e in b o th d i r e c t i o n s . e.

E r a s e p a r t s t h a t a r e o u t o f b a la n c e and r e l e t t e r

A

10 in p e n c il. 17.

How t o l e t t e r . a.

Use t h e s i n g l e s t r o k e g o t h i c l e t t e r s .

b.

Draw v e r y l i g h t g u i d e l i n e s .

c.

Use t h e Ames l e t t e r i n g

i n s t r u m e n t t o d ra w

g u id e

lin e s. d.

Draw a l l l e t t e r s s o t h a t t h e y l o o k

e.

Draw a l l l e t t e r s w i t h a u n i f o r m s l a n t .

f.

Space l e t t e r s

i n w o rd s s o t h a t t h e

b a la n c e d .

sp aces lo o k

t h e sam e. g.

Make t h e s p a c e s b e tw e e n w o rd s l a r g e r t h a n

th e

s p a c e s b e tw e e n l e t t e r s . h.

Draw s m a l l l e t t e r s

2 /3 as t a l l

as c a p i t a l

le tte rs

i n t h e same w o r d . i. 18.

C o n s u lt y o u r te x tb o o k f o r e x a m p le s.

SPACING: p la n . a.

How t o s e t u p y o u r d r a w i n g f o r t h e p l o t

( S e e E x h i b i t A .)

F a s t e n a n 8 1 / 2 x 11 i n c h s h e e t o f

p a p e r on

y o u r d ra w in g b o a r d . b.

Draw t h e b o r d e r l i n e s 3 / 8 i n c h e s w i d e .

c.

M e a s u re 3 1 /1 6 i n c h e s fro m t h e l e f t h a n d b o r d e r .

d.

S c a l e 1 3 / 4 i n c h e s fr o m t h e t o p b o r d e r a n d

1 3 /8

in c h e s from th e b o tto m b o r d e r . e.

M e a s u re 3 1 /1 6 i n c h e s f r o m t h e r i g h t h a n d

f.

Draw t h e o u t l i n e f o r y o u r l o t .

b o rd er.

A

19.

How t o d raw t h e c o t t a g e . a.

M e a s u re 5 f e e t 6 i n c h e s f r o m a l l s i d e s o f t h e lo t.

b.

Draw t h e o u t l i n e f o r y o u r c o t t a g e .

c.

Show a r r o w s u p a n d down t o d e s i g n a t e t h e s l o p e of th e ro o f.

d. 20.

Draw t h e t i t l e

REGULATIONS:

and s c a l e o f y o u r d ra w in g .

How t o co m p ly w i t h b u i l d i n g c o d e

r e g u l a t i o n s i n y o u r d ra w in g . a.

Draw t h e a r e a o f y o u r d r a w i n g l e s s t h a n l / 2

of

th e a re a of your l o t . b.

Make t h e r e a r y a r d d e p t h 1 0 $ o f t h e d e p t h o f th e l o t , b u t i n no e v e n t l e s s th a n 5 f e e t .

c. C.

Draw y o u r l o t w i t h a minimum 4 f o o t s i d e y a r d .

ACTIVITY: P r o j e c t s t o c o m p l e t e 1.

Draw

your p lo t p la n .

th e p l o t p la n o f your c o u n try

c o tta g e

in th e

o rd er s p e c ifie d in th e d ir e c tio n s s e c tio n . ( S e e E x h i b i t A) 2.

Draw

th e p l o t p la n o f your c o u n try

sc a le 3.

o f 3 /1 6 i n c h e q u a l s 1 f o o t .

to b u ild .

EVALUATION: 1.

to a

Draw a p l o t p l a n f o r a o n e s t o r y d w e l l i n g y o u w o u ld lik e

D.

c o tta g e

How t o g r a d e y o u r d r a w i n g .

TRUE-FALSE:

P la c e an X i n t h e c o r r e c t sp a ce f o r

12

tru e or fa lse * T a.

F )(

The b e s t s c a l e t o u s e i n m a k in g a r c h i t e c t u r a l d ra w in g s i s l / 4

in ch

eq u als 1 f o o t. b.

)(

You s h o u l d t a c k t h e l o w e r e d g e o f y o u r p a p e r t o t h e d ra w in g b o a r d .

)(

You s h o u l d e x p o s e t h e l e a d b y 1 / 4 i n c h i n sh a rp e n in g yo u r p e n c i l .

d.

)(

I t is

in c o r r e c t to h o ld th e p e n c il

1 i n c h from th e p o i n t . e.

)(

I t is

f.

)(

The b e s t p e n c i l t o u s e f o r l a y o u t l i n e s is

h.

in c o rre c t to g rip th e p e n c il t i g h t .

an H p e n c i l .

)(

You s h o u l d u s e a 6H p e n c i l f o r l e t t e r i n g .

)(

I t i s i n c o r r e c t t o draw v e r t i c a l l i n e s w ith a T -sq u are .

i.

)(

I t i s w ise t o r u l e l i n e s fro m l e f t to r ig h t.

J.

)(

You s h o u l d u s e a 5H p e n c i l f o r d a rk e n in g b o rd e r l i n e s .

k*

)(

You s h o u l d d i m e n s i o n a d i s t a n c e o f 52 i n c h e s i n f e e t a n d i n c h e s .

1.

)(

I t i s n e c e s s a r y to d u p l i c a t e d im en sio n s i n d i f f e r e n t v iew s.

m.

( )(

) You s h o u l d p l a c e d i m e n s i o n f i g u r e s o u ts id e th e d ra w in g ,

n.

( )(

) You s h o u l d d raw t h e l e n g t h o f t h e arro w h ead f o u r tim e s i t s

o.

( )(

w id th ,

) I t i s w i s e t o make a r r o w s 1 / 4 i n c h lo n g i n sm a ll d ra w in g s ,

p.

( )(

) You s h o u l d d ra w s m a l l l e t t e r s 2 / 3 a s ta ll

q.

( )(

as c a p i t a l l e t t e r s ,

) I t i s n e c e s s a ry to p la n th e a re a o f y o u r h o u s e t o b e l e s s t h e n 60 p e r c e n t of th e a re a of your l o t .

r.

( )(

) You s h o u l d d raw t h e r e a r l o t d e p t h t o ex ceed 20 p e r c e n t o f th e d e p th o f th e lo t.

s.

( )(.)

You s h o u l d d ra w y o u r l o t w i t h a minimum fo u r fo o t sid e y a rd ,

t.

( )(

) I t is

a lw a y s p e r m i s s a b l e t o d u p l i c a t e

d im e n sio n s i n d i f f e r e n t v ie w s. RATING SCALE:

Mark 5 i f t h e i t e m r a n k s i n t h e t o p

t e n p e r c e n t o f t h e c l a s s , 4 i f i t r a n k s b e tw e e n t h e t o p 25 a n d 10 p e r c e n t , 3 i f i t r a n k s b e t w e e n t h e u p p e r 5 0 , a n d 25 p e r c e n t , 2 i f

i t r a n k s b e tw e e n

t h e l o w e r 25 and 50 p e r c e n t , a n d 1 i f i t

ran k s

b e lo w t h e l o w e r 25 p e r c e n t . a.

( )

LETTERING:

Use t h e t q x t b o o k l e t t e r s

as a

ACCURACY:

Use t h e r u l e r t o c h e c k t h e

m ea su re m e n ts o f e a c h p a r t w ith t h e b l u e p r i n t # DIMENSIONS AND ARROWHEADS:

C heck th e

d i m e n s i o n s w i t h t h e n u m b e rs i n t h e t e x t b o o k . A rrow heads s h o u ld be t h r e e tim e s a s lo n g a s t h e y a r e w ide# SHARPNESS OP LINES:

L in e s sh o u ld be t h i n

and d ark # CLEANLINESS OF DRAWING: TOTAL POINTS GIVEN.

15

CHAPTER 2 .

FOUNDATION AND SILL

HOW TO DRAW THE WALL SECTION A.

MOTIVATION:

G o a ls y o u may a c h i e v e I f y o u draw a w e l l

p lan n e d w a ll s e c t i o n # 1.

PROTECTION:

The w a l l s e c t i o n m u s t b e a c c u r a t e l y

d raw n t o c a r r y t h e w e i g h t o f y o u r c o t t a g e , 2.

SPECIFICATIONS:

W e ll d ra w n w a l l s e c t i o n w i l l g i v e

y o u e x a c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s when y o u b e g i n t o b u i l d your c o tta g e . 3.

A CAREER:

A c c u r a t e l y d ra w n f o u n d a t i o n p l a n s w i l l

b e t h e s t a r t i n g p o i n t on a c a r e e r a s an a r c h i t e c t . B.

DIRECTIONS:

H e lp fu l h i n t s to fo llo w i n c o m p le tin g your

w a ll s e c t i o n . 1.

SPACING: a.

Use 8

How t o s e t up y o u r d r a w i n g . 1 / 2 x 11 i n c h p a p e r .

b.

Draw t h e b o r d e r 3 / 8 i n c h w i d e .

(See E x h ib i t

c.

Use t h e s c a l e 1 i n c h e q u a l s 1 f o o t f o r d r a w in g a l l p a r ts of your w a ll s e c tio n .

d.

Space

th e w a ll s e c t i o n 3 1 /8 in c h e s from th e

l e f t b o r d e r o f y o u r d ra w in g p a p e r . e.

S p a c e y o u r d r a w i n g 3 i n c h e s fro m t h e r i g h t b o rd er.

f.

M e a s u re 1 1 5 / 1 6 i n c h e s fro m t h e t o p b o r d e r .

g.

M e a s u re 5 / 8 i n c h e s f r o m t h e b o t t o m b o r d e r .

B .)

v2/ 2X4"

1X6" SHEATHING—

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A *' , _ it | X 8 SI DIN .

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a s t e r

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I X 4 " F I N I S H FLOOR BUILDING PAPE R

l6 " O C .

2 ‘ X 8 BLOCK I N 3 £ ’" X 6 " S I L L

H*BUILOI.M G PAPER s" x

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I0 " B O L T S 5 - 0 ' O C.

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WALL — I8''MINIMUM C learance

GRADE LINE

3

C O N C R E T E FOOTI NG

EXHIBIT 0 . - F O U N D A T IO N

AND

SI LL

SCALE

I "= I F O O T

h.

Draw i n t h e o u t l i n e f o r t h e w a l l s e c t i o n .

How t o d ra w t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g . a.

Draw t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g 12 i n c h e s l o n g a n d 6 in c h e s h ig h .

(S ee E x h i b i t B .)

These

d i m e n s i o n s c o m p ly w i t h Dos A n g e l e s C o u n ty minimum r e q u i r e m e n t s . b.

E x te n d t h e f o o t i n g a l o n g t h e l e n g t h o f y o u r d ra w in g i n d o t t e d l i n e s .

How t o draw t h e c o n c r e t e p o s t . a.

Draw t h e p o s t 2 5 / 8 i n c h e s h i g h a n d 6 i n c h e s w id e.

b.

Draw t h e g r a d e l i n e 1 l / 8

in c h e s from th e to p

o f th e C o n c rete f o o t in g .

( N o te t h a t c i r c l e d

d i m e n s i o n s a r e now d ra w n t o s c a l e .

See E x h i b i t

B. ) c.

Draw t h e c o n c r e t e p o s t 22 i n c h e s f ro m t h e g r a d e lin e .

(M u st e x t e n d 18 i n c h e s a b o v e t h e g r a d e

l i n e t o c o m p ly w i t h t h e f e d e r a l h o u s i n g r e q u i r e ­ m e n ts . ) d.

B reak o f f th e c o n c r e te w a ll as i s

show n i n

E x h i b i t B. How t o d raw t h e s i l l . a.

P la c e th e t e r m i t e s h i e l d b e tw e e n th e c o n c r e t e p o s t and th e w a ll s e c t i o n .

b.

Draw t h e s i l l 2 i n c h e s h i g h and 1 i n c h w i d e .

18 c.

Draw t h e j o i s t s 2 i n c h e s b y 8 i n c h e s •

d.

Draw t h e b l o c k i n g 2 i n c h e s w id e a n d 8 i n c h e s h ig h .

e.

M e a su re t h e s u b f l o o r 1 i n c h

th ic k .

f.

Draw t h e f i n i s h f l o o r 1 i n c h

th ic k .

g.

In c lu d e a l i n e

f o r b u i l d i n g p a p e r b e tw e e n t h e

sub f l o o r and th e f i n i s h f l o o r . h.

Draw t h e 3 p i e c e b a s e a c c o r d i n g t o E x h i b i t B.

i.

R e p r e s e n t t h e l a t h and p l a s t e r 1 i n c h t h i c k . ( L a t h s a r e a n y o f a num ber o f t h i n n a r r o w s t r i p s o f wood, n a i l e d t o r a f t e r s

and c e i l i n g

jo is ts

t o make a g r o u n d w o r k f o r p l a s t e r i n g , j.

Draw t h e s t u d 4 I n c h e s w i d e ,

k.

E x te n d th e s t u d 1 5 /1 6 i n c h fro m t h e f i n i s h flo o r.

1.

Draw

( c i r c l e d d im e n sio n )

th e s h e a th in g 1 in c h w id e .

(S h e a th in g

is

t h e f i r s t c o v e r i n g o f b o a r d s on t h e o u t s i d e w a ll o f a fram e d w e l li n g .) m.

Draw

t h e s i d i n g 3 / 4 i n c h w id e and 8 i n c h e s l o n g ,

n.

Draw

th e c o rn e r b o ard 1 1 /8 in c h e s t h i c k ,

o.

R e p r e s e n t 14 p o u n d b u i l d i n g p a p e r b e tw e e n t h e s h e a t h i n g and th e s i d i n g ,

p.

Draw t h e b o l t 1 / 2 i n c h w i d e .

q.

E x te n d t h e b o l t 10 i n c h e s t h r o u g h t h e s i l l a n d c o n c re te w a ll.

19 r.

Make a l l o t h e r p a r t s

o f y o u r d ra w in g a c c o r d in g

t o t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on y o u r b l u e p r i n t * 5.

TOUCHING UP: a.

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g .

D arken th e b o r d e r l i n e s and o u t l i n e o f y o u r d ra w in g .

b.

Draw i n a l l t h e d i m e n s i o n s .

c.

Label a l l p a rts

o f y o u r d r a w i n g a s i s show n i n

E x h i b i t B. d. C.

L e t t e r in th e t i t l e

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

and s c a l e .

P r o j e c t s to c o m p lete y o u r w a ll

se c tio n . 1.

Draw t h e w a l l s e c t i o n t o t h e s c a l e show n i n E x h i b i t B.

2.

Draw t h e w a l l s e c t i o n u s i n g 1 1 / 2 i n c h e s e q u a l s 1 fo o t.

3.

Draw a w a l l s e c t i o n f o r t h e one f l o o r d w e l l i n g you p la n to b u ild .

4.

S tu d y a l l o f th e p a r t s o f your b l u e p r i n t .

Put

y o u r d r a w i n g away and f o r memory s k e t c h t h e w a l l s e c t i o n l a b e l i n g a l l p a r t s on y o u r d r a w i n g . D.

EVALUATION:

A ra tin g

s c a l e f o r c h e c k i n g u p on y o u r

d ra w in g . 1.

Use t h e r a t i n g

s c a l e i n C h a p t e r 1 , p a g e 13 f o r

g ra d in g your w a ll s e c tio n .

20 CHAPTER 3 .

FOUNDATION AND SILL

HOW TO DRAW THE CENTER SECTION A.

MOTIVATION;

R e w a rd s t h a t w i l l r e s u l t f r o m a w e l l p l a n n e d ,

c e n te r se c tio n * 1,

A JOB:

Good p l a n s w i l l g e t you a j o b when t h e y

a re p r e s e n te d a t y o u r jo b in te r v ie w . 2#

MORE MONEY:

An a c c u r a t e l y d raw n f o u n d a t i o n p l a n

w i l l g i v e y o u a m eans o f c o m p u t i n g t h e e x a c t c o s t of your c o n c re te . 3.

A PRIZE:

Many a u t o m o b i l e c o m p a n ie s o f f e r v a l u a b l e

p r i z e s and c o l l e g e s c h o l a r s h i p s i n d ra w in g c o n t e s t s . B.

DIRECTIONS: 1.

SPACING: a.

T i p s on how t o d raw t h e w a l l s e c t i o n . How t o s e t up y o u r d r a w i n g .

Use t h e s c a l e 1 i n c h e q u a l s 1 f o o t .

(S ee e x h i b i t

C .) b.

Draw

th e b o rd e r l i n e s 3 /8 in c h e s w id e .

c.

Spaceth e l e f t end o f

th e j o i s t

2 3 /4 in c h e s

from t h e b o r d e r l i n e . d.

Draw

t h e r i g h t end o f t h e j o i s t

2 1 5 /1 6

in ch es

from th e r i g h t b o r d e r . e.

Draw t h e t o p o u t l i n e 1 1 / 1 6 i n c h e s f r o m t h e t o p b o rd er.

f.

Space t h e b o tto m o u t l i n e 1 1 /1 6 in c h e s fro m t h e b o tto m b o r d e r .

—LATH £ PLASTER

2 X 4 ' SOLE ix^

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EXHIBIT

C . - F O U N D A T I ON. - C E N T E R S E C T I O N - SCALE 'l“= I F Q O T

g.

Draw t h e o u t l i n e o f y o u r d r a w i n g .

How t o d ra w t h e c o n c r e t e f o o t i n g . a.

M e a s u re i n 1 1 / 4 i n c h e s f r o m t h e r i g h t an d l e f t o u t l i n e o f your d ra w in g .

b.

Draw t h e f o o t i n g 6 i n c h e s h i g h and 12 i n c h e s w id e .

c.

(S ee E x h ib i t C .)

Draw t h e g r a d e l i n e 1 5 / 8 i n c h e s f r o m t h e b o t t o m o f th e c o n c re te f o o tin g .

How t o d ra w t h e c o n c r e t e p o s t * a.

Draw t h e

p o s t 4 i n c h e s w ide*

b.

Draw t h e

p o s t 3 3 /1 6 i n c h e s h i g h . (N o te c i r c l e d

d i m e n s i o n s •) c.

Draw t h e wood g i r d e r 4 i n c h e s w id e and 6 i n c h e s h ig h .

How t o d ra w t h e s i l l . a.

Draw t h e j o i s t 8 i n c h e s h i g h .

b.

Draw t h e j o i s t 4 1 / 2 i n c h e s l o n g .

(S ee

c irc le d

d im e n sio n .) c.

I n c l u d e a 1 i n c h su b f l o o r .

d.

Draw a 1

e.

Show a l i n e b e tw e e n t h e s u b

in ch f i n i s h f l o o r . flo o r

and t h e f i n i s h

f lo o r to re p re s e n t th e b u ild in g p ap er. f.

Draw t h e s o l e .

g.

Draw t h e p a r t i t i o n s t u d 4 i n c h e s w id e*

h.

Draw t h e p a r t i t i o n s t u d 1 1 / 8 i n c h e s h i g h *

i.

Draw t h e 3 p i e c e b a s e a c c o r d i n g t o E x h i b i t C.

j.

Draw an y r e m a i n i n g p a r t s o f y o u r d r a w i n g a c c o r d ­ i n g t o t h e e x a c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s i n E x h i b i t C.

5*

TOUCHING UP: a.

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g .

D arken th e b o r d e r l i n e s

and o u t l i n e o f y o u r

d ra w in g . :b. c.

Draw i n a l l

th e d im e n sio n s.

L a b e l a l l p a r t s o f y o u r d ra w in g as i s

show n

in

E x h i b i t C. d. 6.

L e tte r in th e t i t l e

and s c a l e .

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:

W here t o g e t a d d i t i o n a l

a ssista n c e . a.

M o rg a n , C h a r l e s P . :

H e lp f o r t h e Home B u i l d e r .

D e p a r t m e n t o f B u i l d i n g a n d S a f e t y . , Long B e a c h , C a l. , b.

1949.

F r e n c h , Thomas E . , a n d S v e n s e n , C a r l L . : M e c h a n i c a l D ra w in g f o r H ig h S c h o o l s *

MeGraw

H i l l . , New Y o r k , 1 9 2 7 . C.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

P ro je c ts to g e t your c e n te r s e c tio n

p la n s read y fo r in s p e c tio n . 1.

Draw t h e c e n t e r s e c t i o n t o t h e s c a l e show n i n E x h i b i t C.

2.

Draw t h e c e n t e r s e c t i o n u s i n g 1 1 / 2 i n c h e s e q u a l s 1 fo o t as your s c a le .

24 3.

Draw t h e c e n t e r s e c t i o n f o r t h e o ne f l o o r d w e l l i n g you p la n t o b u ild *

4,

S tu d y a l l o f th e p a r t s o f y o u r b l u e p r i n t .

Put your

d r a w i n g away a n d f o r memory s k e t c h t h e w a l l s e c t i o n , l a b e l i n g a l l p a r t s on y o u r s k e t c h . D.

EVALUATION:

A r a t i n g s c a l e f o r c h e c k i n g up on y o u r

d ra w in g . 1.

Use t h e r a t i n g s c a l e i n C h a p t e r 1 , p a g e 13 f o r g ra d in g your w a ll s e c tio n .

25 CHAPTER 4 . HOW TO DRAW THE FLOOR PLAN A.

MOTIVATION: 1.

PRAISE:

O utcom es o f a good f l o o r p l a n * A c l e a n p r e c i s e f l o o r p l a n w i l l w in y o u

p r a i s e from y o u r f r i e n d s and p a r e n t s . 2.

ESTIMATE OF COST:

D e fin e d f l o o r p la n s w i l l g iv e

you p ro p e r e s tim a te s o f c o s ts f o r b u ild in g . B.

DIRECTIONS:

Key p o i n t s r e g a r d i n g t h e

te c h n iq u e s f o r

d ra w in g y o u r f l o o r p l a n . 1.

LAYOUT: a.

How t o s p a c e y o u r d r a w i n g .

Use t h e s c a l e 3 / 1 6 i n c h e s e q u a l s 1 f o o t .

(See

E x h ib it D .) b.

Draw t h e b o r d e r l i n e s 3 / 8 i n c h e s w i d e .

c.

Draw t h e l e f t

o u t l i n e o f th e f l o o r p l a n 1 1 /1 6

in c h e s fro m th e l e f t b o r d e r . d.

Draw t h e r i g h t o u t l i n e 4 l / 2

in c h e s from th e

rig h t b o rd er. e.

M e a s u re t h e t o p o u t l i n e 1 1 / 8

I n c h e s from th e

to p b o r d e r . f.

Draw t h e b o t t o m o u t l i n e 1 3 / 8 i n c h e s f r o m t h e b o tto m b o r d e r .

g. 2.

Draw t h e w a l l l / 8

in c h e s t h ic k .

How t o d ra w t h e f r o n t p o r c h . a.

M e a s u re i n 10 f e e t 8 i n c h e s f r o m t h e l e f t a n d

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SYMBOLS,

scale

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b.

See t h e

d o o r s c h e d u l e on E x h i b i t D, f,make

f o r th e s iz e

1” ,

o f th e d o o r.

How t o draw t h e d o u b l e h u n g w in d o w s . a.

Draw t h e windows 1 l / 4 i n c h e s b e lo w t h e i n s i d e d oo r.

b.

S c a le

th e w indow s 24 i n c h e s l o n g .

How t o d ra w t h e p o l e and c u r t a i n . a.

R e p r e s e n t t h e p o l e and c u r t a i n 7 / 8 i n c h e s b e lo w t h e o u t s i d e d o o r .

b.

In c lu d e a 5 f o o t p o le f o r th e c l o s e t .

How t o d r a w t h e g r o u p w in d o w s . a.

M e a s u re 1 3 / 8 i n c h e s b e lo w t h e d o u b l e h u n g w in d o w s .

b.

Draw t h e w indow s 4 f e e t l o n g .

How t o d ra w t h e c h im n e y . a.

S c a l e t h e c h im n e y 2 f e e t s q u a r e .

b.

Make t h e f l u e l i n i n g 8 1 / 2 i n c h e s w ide a n d 13 i n c h e s l o n g .

/ c .. d.

Draw t h e b r i c k and m o r t a r 4 i n c h e s w i d e . Draw t h e i n s i d e l i n i n g 1 i n c h t h i c k .

How t o d r a w t h e e l e c t r i c a.

P la c e th e e l e c t r i c

sy m b o ls.

sy m b o l 3 i n c h e s f ro m t h e

l e f t b o rd er. b.

Draw a s i n g l e

o u t l e t and a d o u b le o u t l e t .

c.

M e a s u re 2 f e e t b e tw e e n t h e s i n g l e o u t l e t and

72 th e d o u b le o u t l e t .

9.

d.

Draw t h e s w i t c h .

e.

C onnect t h e s w itc h and th e c e i l i n g

o u tle t.

How t o d ra w t h e k i t c h e n s y m b o l s . a.

Draw t h e k i t c h e n 10 f e e t 6 i n c h e s l o n g

and

9 f e e t 6 in c h e s w id e . b.

Draw an a r c h e d o p e n i n g 3 f e e t w i d e .

c.

C o n s u l t t h e d o o r s c h e d u l e on E x h i b i t

Dfo r

th e d oo r s i z e . d.

P la ce a ra n g e i n th e l e f t c o rn e r 2 f e e t 4 in c h e s w id e and 4 f e e t l o n g .

e.

A r r a n g e a s i n k i n t h e l o w e r r i g h t c o r n e r , 24 i n c h e s b y 18 i n c h e s .

f.

Draw a c a b i n e t 12 i n c h e s w id e i n t h e u p p e r l e f t hand c o r n e r .

g.

In c lu d e th e r e f r i g e r a t o r in

th e u p p e r r i g h t

c o rn er. 10.

COMPLETION: a.

How t o f i n i s h y o u r d r a w i n g .

D a rk en th e b o r d e r l i n e s and t h e o u t l i n e a ll

of

th e sy m b o ls.

b.

Draw i n t h e d i m e n s i o n s and a r r o w s .

c.

L e t te r i n th e t i t l e

d.

Check a l l p a r t s o f your d raw in g w ith y o u r

and s c a l e .

sc a le fo r p o s s ib le m is ta k e s . 11.

SOURCES FOR THIS CHAPTER:

W here t o g e t f u r t h e r

a ssista n c e . a.

A b erco m b ie, T. R .: D r a w in g .

A p p lied A r c h i t e c t u r a l

B ru c e P u b l i s h i n g C o . , M ilw a u k e e ,

1947. b.

B u sh , C l i n t o n V .: D r a w in g .

P r o b le m s i n A r c h i t e c t u r a l

B ru c e P u b l i s h i n g C o . , M ilw a u k e e ,

1946. c.

F r y k l u n d , V erne C . , and K e p l e r , F r a n k R . : G eneral D r a f tin g .

M cK night & M c K n i g h t . ,

B lo o m in g to n , I l l i n o i s , C.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

1938.

P ro je c ts to g e t your p la n

sy m b o ls i n w o r k i n g o r d e r . 1.

Draw t h e p l a n s y m b o ls to t h e e x a c t d i m e n s i o n s o f E x h i b i t L.

2.

Draw t h e p l a n s y m b o ls t o

th e s c a l e 3 /8 in c h e s e q u a l

1 fo o t. 3.

Draw t h e p l a n sy m b o ls f o r t h e home y o u p l a n t o b u ild .

4.

S tu d y a l l th e p a r t s o f E x h ib i t L.

C lo se y o u r book

a n d f o r memory s k e t c h t h e p a r t s o f t h e p l a n s y m b o l s . D.

EVALUATION:

A r a t i n g s c a l e t o m easure your m a s te ry o f

p l a n sy m b o l d r a w i n g .

(M ark 5 i f

th e ite m ra n k s in th e

t o p 10 p e r c e n t o f t h e c l a s s , 4 i f i t r a n k s b e t w e e n t h e t o p 25 a n d 10 p e r c e n t , 3 i f i t

r a n k s b e tw ee n th e

u p p e r 50 a n d 25 p e r c e n t , 2 i f

i t r a n k s b e tw e e n

th e

l o w e r 25 a n d 50 p e r c e n t , and 1 i f i t r a n k s b e lo w

th e

l o w e r 25 p e r c e n t o f t h e c l a s s . ) 1.

( ) ACCURACY:

M e asu re a l l

p a r t s w ith

th e s c a l e .

C heck f o r a c c u r a c y b y c o m p a r in g m e a s u r e m e n ts w ith th e b l u e p r i n t. 2.

( ) LETTERING:

3.

( ) DIMENSIONS AND ARROWS:

4.

( ) CLEANLINESS:

5.

( ) TEXTURE OP LINES:

(

) TOTAL POINTS GIVEN.

75

PART I I I . HOW TO MAKE YOUR PLANS READY FOR INSPECTION I f your p la n s have fo llo w e d th e d i r e c ti o n s

of th is

c o u rs e th e y w i l l p a s s a b u i ld in g d e p artm e n t i n s p e c t i o n .

You

now n e e d t o o n l y d u p l i c a t e t h e s e p l a t e s i n o r d e r t o p r e s e n t th em t o y o u r l o c a l b u i l d i n g o f f i c e #

A t t h e same t im e y o u

w i l l h a v e p e r m a n e n t p l a n s t h a t y o u may k e e p f o r a l o n g p e r io d u n t i l you a re a b le t o f i n a n c e y o u r b u i ld i n g s t r u c t u r e . How w o u ld y o u l i k e t o l e a r n t o make b l u e p r i n t s ?

The n e x t

tw o c h a p t e r s w i l l b r i n g y o u r c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a n s t o a f i n a l re a lity .

76 CHAPTER 1 3 . HOW TO MAKE TRACINGS OF YOUR COUNTRY COTTAGE A.

MOTIVATION:

R e w a rd s t h a t w i l l come f r o m a c c u r a t e l y

d raw n t r a c i n g s . 1.

EVENTUAL BLUEPRINTS:

T ra c in g s w i l l o f f e r you th e

m ean s f o r m a k in g b l u e p r i n t s . 2.

A GOOD IMPRESSION:

W ell d ra w n t r a c i n g s w i l l g i v e

a p r o f e s s i o n a l a p p e a ra n c e t o y o u r w ork. B.

DIRECTIONS: 1.

S u g g e s t i o n s on how t o d ra w t h e b e s t t r a c i n g s .

How t o s e t u p a p e n c i l t r a c i n g . a.

P la c e t h e t r a c i n g p a p e r o v e r th e d raw in g t o be tra c e d .

b.

P u t s c o t c h t a p e on e a c h c o r n e r o f y o u r t r a c i n g to anchor i t

c.

t o y o u r d ra w in g b o a r d .

T race th e o u t li n e o f th e p l a t e

on t h e

tra c in g

pap er. d.

Go o v e r t h e e n t i r e d r a w i n g w i t h a g r a d e H p e n c i l , m a k in g a l l t h e l i n e s

2.

a dense b la c k .

How t o make a c o n t r a s t b e tw e e n l i n e s . a.

Make t h e v i s i b l e

o u tlin e s

th e h e a v i e s t by

u s i n g a b l u n t and r o u n d e d p e n c i l p o i n t . b.

Draw t h e v i s i b l e

c.

R o t a t e t h e p e n c i l b e tw e e n t h e f i n g e r s as th e l in e s

o u t l i n e a l l t h e same w i d t h . slo w ly

a r e d raw n t o p r e v e n t t h e w e a r i n g

of a f l a t p o in t. d.

Use a s h a r p e r p o i n t f o r t h e i n v i s i b l e l i n e s .

e.

U se t h e

2

H p e n c il fo r c e n te r lin e s

and

d im e n sio n l i n e s , f.

Keep t h e p e n c i l s h a r p b y c o n s t a n t d r e s s i n g on th e f i l e

g.

o r sandpaper*

H old t h e p e n c i l n e a r l y p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e p a p e r a n d b e a r down h a r d e r t h a n y o u u s u a l l y do when m a k in g p e n c i l d r a w i n g s .

How t o a v o i d sm u d g in g s o f t p e n c i l l i n e s . a.

E x e r t s u f f i c i e n t p r e s s u r e on t h e p e n c i l t o in d e n t th e tr a c in g p ap er s l i g h t l y .

b.

A v o id s l i d i n g t h e t r i a n g l e o v e r t h e d r a w i n g .

c.

E x ert a l i t t l e

downward p r e s s u r e on t h e h e a d o f

t h e T - s q u a r e a s y o u move i t b a c k an d f o r t h , to l i f t How t o f i l l a.

t h e b l a d e f ro m t h e p a p e r . th e pen.

H o ld t h e p e n b e tw e e n t h e thumb a n d i n d e x f i n g e r o f one h a n d w i t h t h e

b.

p o i n t down.

I n s e r t th e p o in t o f th e in k f i l l e d

q u ill

b e tw e e n t h e n i b s o f t h e p e n . c.

S lig h tly tw is t th e q u i l l to r e le a s e th e in k .

d.

T o u ch t h e t i p

o f th e l i t t l e

fin g e rs

to g e th e r

to s te a d y th e h a n d s. e.

Do n o t a llo w any

in k t o g e t on t h e

o u t s id e o f

th e n ib s* f.

H ave a s m a l l c l o t h on h a n d t o w ip e a n y d r i p p i n g s *

How t o r u l e l i n e s i n i n k * a.

S e t th e pen to g iv e th e w id th or w e ig h t o f l i n e d e s i r e d by a d j u s t i n g t h e s p a c e b e tw e e n th e n i b s b y m eans o f t h e thumb s c r e w .

b.

H o ld t h e p e n a g a i n s t t h e s t r a i g h t e d g e w i t h j u s t enough p r e s s u r e t o keep i t i n c o n ta c t*

c.

H o ld t h e p e n p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e p a p e r w i t h th e u p p e r edge i n c l i n e d

s l i g h t l y i n th e

d i r e c t i o n o f m o tio n . d*

R u le h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s fr o m l e f t t o r i g h t a n d a l l v e r t i c a l l i n e s fr o m b o t t o m t o w a r d s t h e t o p .

e.

R u le i n c l i n e d l i n e s w ith

t h e p e n m ov in g away

from t h e b ody. f.

C lea n th e p en f r e q u e n t l y so t h a t th e p o i n t i s n o t c lo g g e d w ith d r i e d i n k .

g.

Wipe t h e p a p e r c l e a n f ro m a l l d u s t , d i r t a n d lin t.

h.

Do n o t p r e s s t h e p e n t o o h a r d a g a i n s t t h e s t r a i g h t edge.

i.

A lw ays c l e a n t h e p e n b e f o r e p u t t i n g i t

INKING:

How t o f o l l o w a p r o c e d u r e f o r i n k i n g

y o u r d ra w in g . a.

aw ay.

Draw t h e c e n t e r l i n e s .

b.

I n k i n t h e a r c s and c i r c l e s *

c.

Draw t h e v i s i b l e h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s .

d.

F i l l in th e v i s i b le v e r t i c a l l i n e s .

e.

In clu d e th e i n v i s i b l e

f.

Draw t h e i n v i s i b l e h o r i z o n t a l , in c lin e d lin e s ,

g.

a r c s and c i r c l e s . v e r t i c a l and

i n th e o rd e r m en tio n ed .

I n c lu d e t h e a r r o w s , f i g u r e s and o t h e r l e t t e r i n g .

How t o make y o u r i n k t r a c i n g . a.

C ut a p i e c e o f t r a c i n g c l o t h t o a s i z e

about a

h a l f i n c h l a r g e r th a n th e s h e e t t o be t r a c e d . b.

E xam ine t h e p i e c e t h u s c u t f o r w r i n k l e s .

c.

Remove t h e t a c k i n t h e u p p e r l e f t c o r n e r o f t h e d r a w in g s h e e t on t h e b o a r d , and f a s t e n one co rn er o f th e tr a c in g c lo th in p o s itio n .

d.

See t h a t t h e c l o t h c o v e r s t h e d r a w i n g f u l l y .

e.

Remove t h e t a c k h o l d i n g t h e s h e e t i n t h e l o w e r r i g h t c o r n e r and r e p l a c e i t

f.

th ro u g h th e c lo th .

S t r e t c h th e c l o t h to t h e u p p e r r i g h t and lo w e r l e f t and f a s t e n w ith t a c k s as b e f o r e .

g.

D u s t c h a l k l i g h t l y o v e r t h e w h o le t r a c i n g and w ip e i t

o f f w ith a c le a n c lo t h .

T h i s re m o v e s

a s l i g h t l y o i l y s u r f a c e t h a t t e n d s t o make t h e s u r f a c e d i f f i c u l t to in k . h.

P la c e a s h e e t o f p ap er over p a r t s o f th e t r a c in g and w ip e i t

o f f w ith a c le a n c lo th .

T h i s re m o v e s

80 m o i s t u r e f r o m t h e h a n d s t h a t may t e n d t o g e t on t h e s u r f a c e , i.

Ink your tr a c in g in th e p ro p e r o rd e r f o r in k in g a d ra w in g .

j.

B efo re l e t t e r i n g ,

t r a c e w i t h p e n c i l on t h e c l o t h

a l l g u id e l i n e s f o r l e t t e r i n g

so th e y can be

r e a d i l y fo llo w e d , k.

Do n o t a t t e m p t t o f o l l o w t h e l e t t e r i n g u n d e r n e a t h to o c l o s e l y .

1.

T r a c e a l l t h e v i e w s , o r a t l e a s t one v i e w , b e f o r e w o rk m u s t b e s t o p p e d f o r t h e d a y .

m.

C h e ck y o u r t r a c i n g t o s e e t h a t n o t h i n g h a s b e en o m itte d , th e n h av e y o u r i n s t r u c t o r a p p ro v e y o u r w o rk .

C.

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

T ra c in g p r o j e c t s f o r your c o tta g e

p la n s. 1.

I n k p l a t e s A, C, and J .

2.

Draw p e n c i l t r a c i n g s o f E x h i b i t B, D, E , P , G,

H,

I , K, a n d L . D.

EVALUATION: 1.

How t o g r a d e y o u r t r a c i n g s .

RATING SCALE:

Mark 5 i f t h e i t e m

ra n k s in th e to p

10 p e r c e n t o f t h e c l a s s , 4 i f i t

r a n k s b e tw e e n t h e

t o p 25 a n d 10 p e r c e n t , 3 i f i t r a n k s b e tw e e n t h e u p p e r 25 and 50 p e r c e n t , 2 i f i t r a n k s b e lo w t h e

l o w e r 50 a n d 25 p e r c e n t , an d 1 i f i f i t r a n k s b e lo w t h e l o w e r 25 p e r c e n t o f t h e c l a s s . a.

( ) UNIFORMITY:

C h e ck t h e w e i g h t a n d c h a r a c t e r

among t h e d i f f e r e n t l i n e s * b.

( ) CONTRAST:C h eck t h e c o n t r a s t b e t w e e n

c.

( ) LETTERING:

d.

( ) FIGURES AND ARROWHEADS:

(

lin e s .

) TOTAL POINTS GIVEN.

TRUE-FALSE:

P la c e X in th e c o r r e c t sp ace f o r tr u e

or f a ls e . T F ( )( ) You s h o u l d n e v e r u s e a b l u n t

a.

andro u n d e d

p e n c i l p o i n t i n m a k in g i n k t r a c i n g s . b.

(

)( ) I t i s w i s e t o u s e a 2H p e n c i l f o r d ra w in g d im e n s io n l i n e s .

c.

(

)( ) You s h o u l d k e e p 1 i n c h o f i n k i n y o u r pen.

d.

(

)( ) I t i s w i s e t o h o l d t h e p e n a t a 60 d e g r e e a n g l e when y o u a r e r u l i n g l i n e s *

e.

(

)( ) The b e s t m eth o d f o r r u l i n g h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s i s from r i g h t t o l e f t .

f.

(

)( ) You s h o u l d h o l d t h e p e n f i r m l y a g a i n s t t h e s t r a i g h t edge i n r u l i n g l i n e s .

g.

(

)( ) I t i s n e c e s s a r y t o r u l e i n c l i n e d l i n e s w ith a m o tio n to w a rd s th e b o d y .

82 h.

( )(

) I t is

n e c e s s a ry to c le a n th e pen b e fo re

p u ttin g i t i.

( )(

aw ay.

) You s h o u l d e r a s e i n k l i n e s w i t h an in k e r a s e r .

j.

( )(

)I t is

w is e t o p r o t e c t t h e d ra w in g s u r f a c e

w i t h p a p e r w h e re i t k.

( )(

) I t is

i s n o t b e in g in k e d ,

n e c e s s a ry to fo llo w th e l e t t e r i n g

f r o m y o u r d r a w in g when y o u a r e m a k in g a tra c in g .

83 CHAPTER 1 4 . HOW TO MAKE BLUEPRINTS OP YOUR DRAWINGS A.

MOTIVATION:

B e n e f i t s y o u w i l l d e r i v e fr o m m a k in g

b lu e p rin ts. 1.

EXTRA COPIES:

B l u e p r i n t s o f f e r y o u a; m eans f o r

m a k in g s e v e r a l c o p i e s o f y o u r d r a w in g s * 2.

A BUILDING PERMIT:

Your c o t t a g e p l a n s m u st b e

p r e s e n t e d t o th e b u i l d i n g d e p a rtm e n t i n th e form o f a b l u e p r i n t i n o r d e r t o p a s s an i n s p e c t i o n . B.

DIRECTIONS:

H e lp fu l h i n ts

on g e t t i n g y o u r b l u e p r i n t s

read y fo r in s p e c tio n . 1.

How t o e x p o s e t h e p a p e r . a.

Cut

out a p ie c e o f b lu e p r in t p aper th a t i s

s l i g h t l y la r g e r th en your tr a c in g . b.

P l a c e t h e t r a c i n g on t h e s e n s i t i z e d s i d e o f th e b l u e p r i n t pap er w ith th e l i n e s

of th e

t r a c i n g away fro m t h e p a p e r . c.

P la ce b o th in a su n fram e, p ro v id e d by your in stru c to r,

so t h a t t h e l i g h t m ust p a s s th ro u g h

th e tr a c in g b e fo re re a c h in g th e p a p er. d.

E x p o se t h e fr a m e t o t h e s u n f o r t h e p r o p e r le n g th o f tim e .

T h i s m u s t b e d e t e r m i n e d by

tria l. e.

T e s t th e b l u e p r i n t p a p e r by u se o f sm a ll s t r i p s

84 o f p a p e r , f ro m a l i t t l e

le ss

th a n a m in u te

t o tw o o r t h r e e m i n u t e s , u n t i l a d e e p b l u e c o lo r is o b ta in e d . 2.

DEVELOPMENT: a.

How t o d e v e l o p t h e d r a w i n g .

Remove t h e t r a c i n g and t h e p a p e r fr o m t h e m a c h in e .

b.

L ay t h e t r a c i n g a s i d e .

c.

Wash t h e p a p e r i n a t r a y o f w a t e r f o r two o r th re e m in u te s.

( W h ite l i n e s on t h e b l u e p r i n t

w i l l be p ro d u ce d b e c a u se th e t r a c i n g l i n e s p r o t e c t t h e c h e m i c a l s on t h e p a p e r f ro m t h e lig h t, d. C.

and t h e r e f o r e l e a v e th em u n c h a n g e d . )

Hang t h e p r i n t up t o d r y .

ACTIVITY ASSIGNMENTS:

L a b o r a t o r y w o rk t o h e l p y o u

on t h e r o a d t o b e t t e r b l u e p r i n t s . 1.

Make b l u e p r i n t s o f a l l y o u r c o u n t r y c o t t a g e d ra w in g s•

2.

Make b l u e p r i n t s f o r t h e one s t o r y d w e l l i n g y o u p la n to b u ild .

D.

EVALUATION:

A s a m p le e v a l u a t i o n i n s t r u m e n t f o r c h e c k i n g

on y o u r t e c h n i q u e f o r m a k in g b l u e p r i n t s .

(P la c e X in

th e c o rre c t space f o r tr u e or f a l s e . ) 1.

T P ( )( ) You s h o u l d p l a c e t h e b l u e p r i n t p a p e r

85

a g a i n s t t h e g l a s s o f t h e s u n f r a m e when you expose i t 2.

( )(

)

to th e sun.

I t is necessary

to expose th e p a p e r to th e

sun f o r te n m in u te s . 3.

( )(

)

I t is necessary

to keep th e b l u e p r i n t p a p e r

i n a d a r k room f o r s t o r i n g p u r p o s e s . 4.

( )(

) I t i s w i s e t o w ash

th e tr a c in g w ith th e

b lu e p r in t paper in a tr a y of w a te r. 5.

( )(

)

I t is n ecessary

to hang th e b lu e p r in t to

d r y i n a d a r k ro o m .

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LIBRARY