A course for rough carpentry at Orange Coast College

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A course for rough carpentry at Orange Coast College

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A COURSE FOR ROUGH CARPENTRY AT ORANGE COAST COLLEGE

A P ro ject Presented, to th e F a c u lty of th e School of E d u catio n The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r t i a l F u lfillm e n t of th e R eq u ire m e n ts f o r th e D egree M aster of S cien ce in E d u ca tio n

by J o h n S . Owens February,

19^0

UMI Number: EP46004

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

Dissertation RubNsfting

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£.

a.

The h e i g h t o f t h e

doors,

u su a lly 6*8".

b.

T h ic k n e s s o f h e a d jamb, u s u a l l y

c.

A llow ance

o v e r h e a d jamb, u s u a l l y 1 " .

d.

T hickness

of fin is h flo o r,

e.

T o tal:

3 /V • .

u su ally

6 ! 10^-'' r o u g h h e i g h t o f h e a d e r .

C u t d o o r t r i m m e r s 6 1l O - ^ m i n u s 1 5 / 8 ” t h i c k n e s s o f s o l e p late .

16.

To

c u t w in d o w t r i m m e r s , a d d ipg-” t o t h e

of

w indow s.

(A llow ance f o r s i l l ,

17.

C u t two f o r e a c h w i n d o w .

18.

Cut c r i p p l e s

19.

To f i n d l e n g t h o f u p p e r c r i p p l e s ,

sp ecified

fram e,

h eig h t

andl e v e l i n g . ) -

t o b e p l a c e d o v e r d o o r a n d w in d o w h e a d e r s .

in g from th e 8 '

stud len g th :

su b tract

the fo llo w ­

63 a.

S u b tr a c t h e ig h t of door trim m er l e s s

the

b o t t o m p l a t e .............................................................

.

6 ’ 8 3/ 8 "

3 5 /8 ”

b.

S u b tr a c t w idth of header

c.

T o ta l

71

d.

L ength o f upper c r ip p le



20.

C ount number o f c r i p p l e s .

21.

Cut r e q u i r e d number o f studs th a t

crip p les.

(C rip p les

are re g u la r

a r e c u t t o make d o o r a n d w i n d o w o p e n i n g s . )

22.

Cut lo w e r c r i p p l e s

to p l a c e u n d e r window o p e n i n g s .

23*

To f i n d l e n g t h o f l o w e r c r i p p l e s

s u b t r a c t from t h e doo r

trim m er th e f o llo w in g :

2lp.

a.

H e i g h t o f w i n d o w p l u s lpj=rn f o r r o u g h o p e n i n g .

b.

T h ick n ess o f rough s i l l .

c.

T hickness of so le p l a t e .

C onsult a t r u s s tru ss

tab le

to d e te r m in e s i z e and ty p e

of

to be u s e d over a l a r g e o p e n in g .

ASSIGNMENTS:

Job e x p e r i e n c e s , to g a in n eed ed s k i l l s

in

fram ing a w a l l . 1.

Lay o u t t h e w a l l s f o r

2.

- F ig u re the

3.

F ig u re

a house.

l e n g t h s o f a f r a m i n g m em ber f o r a d o o r .

out the

l e n g t h s o f t h e f r a m i n g m em b e r s f o r a

window. Ip.

Cut t h e r e q u i r e d m a t e r i a l

to fram e

i n a doo r 6 ’ 8” h i g h .

5*

L a y o u t a n d c u t t h e f r a m i n g m a t e r i a l f o r a 3 ' xk-' w i n d o w .

61}. EVALUATION; 1.

A stu d en t

CHECK L I S T ;

check for, fram in g d e t a i l s .

P lace an X i n th e p ro p e r

a.

YES NO ( )( ) Are y o u r s t u d s

b.

( )(

) Are th e en d s s q u a r e ?

c.

( )(

) D id a l l

d.

( )(

) Were y o u r h e a d e r s t h e r i g h t

e.

( )(

) Are y o u r r o u g h s i l l s

space.

cut to p ro p e r le n g th ?

th e headers f i t ?

the

th ic k n ess?

same l e n g t h a s t h e

headers? f .

( )(

) Are y o u r h e a d e r s t h e p r o p e r s i z e f o r t h e o p ening?

g-

( )(

) Do t h e t r i m m e r s

h.

( )(

) Are t h e

i .

( )(

) A re y o u r h e a d e r s

j-

( )(

) Do y o u r h e a d e r s f i t

k.

( )(

) Do y o u r l o w e r c r i p p l e s f i t ?

1.

( )(

) A r e y o u r d o o r t r i m m e r s 6 l lO-J" l o n g ?

crip p les

su p p o rt th e header? one f o o t lo n g ? lev el? t h e opening?

65 JOB SHEET 2 7 .

WINDOW FRAMING

HOW TO FRAME IN A WINDOW The p r o p e r f r a m i n g o f a w in do w i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t t h e w in d o w i s w ill

to

open and c lo s e

cause c ra ck s in th e

sm oo thly .

p laste r

c a u s e t h e window t o b i n d .

Im proper fram in g

s u r f a c e and o f t e n w i l l

C lose o b s e r v a n c e .o f th e p r i n c i p l e s

o f window f r a m i n g w i l l e n a b l e y o u t o p e r f o r m t h i s DIRECTIONS: 1.

C onsult

if

job p r o p e r l y .

How t o f r a m e i n a w i n d o w . tab le

c o n ce rn in g ty p e of t r u s s n e c e s s a r y to

s u p p o r t e a c h w in d o w o p e n i n g . 2.

Cut h e a d e r s p r o p e r s i z e .

(m easure d i s t a n c e b etw een

.o p en in g s t u d s .) 3.

S e l e c t s t r a i g h t o p ening s t u d s .

[|_.

Use o n l y s t r a i g h t t r i m m e r s .

5.

G ut c r i p p l e s

6.

Use o p e n i n g s t u d s w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e .

7.

N ail headers

8.

L e v e l h e a d e r and ro u g h s i l l

9*

I n s t a l l trim m ers

10.-

to proper le n g th .

su fficie n tly

U se e i t h e r t h e

Sources:

size.

p ro p erly .

t o t h e plumb p o s i t i o n .

lon g or th e

upon fra m in g d e t a i l s . 11.

and f u r r o u t t o p r o p e r

s h o rt trim m er,

depending

(Tack I n p o s i t i o n . )

W here t o g a i n a d d i t i o n a l

i n f o r m a t i o n on

window f r a m i n g . a.

Go t o

a l o c a l h o u sin g p r o j e c t and in s p e c t v a rio u s

66 m e th o d s u s e d f o r window f r a m i n g . ASSIGNMENTS:

Laboratory assignments to aid you to properly

install window framing. .1.

Fram e i n a window p r o p e r l y .

2.

Lay o u t a fra m in g

3.

Make a m o d e l o f e a c h t y p e f r a m i n g u s e d o n a w i n d o w .

EVALUATION: 1.

A short

T R U E -False: false a.

job.

check f o r

stu d en t u s e .

P u t an X i n t h e p r o p e r

space f o r

tr u e or

.

T. F. ( )( ) I t

i s b e s t to c o n s u l t a t a b l e

header size fo r b.

( )( ) I t

c.

( ) ( ) You s h o u l d u s e

windows.

I s w ise to v a ry ty p e s

p o ssib le .

concerning

s for

o f window f r a m i n g . h e a d e r s when

67 JOB SHEET 2 8 .

DOOR FRAMING

HOW TO FRAME IN A DOOR The f r a m i n g o f t h e d o o r o p e n i n g s r e q u i r e s

th at a ll

f r a m i n g m em b ers b e s o l i d a n d . p r o p e r l y i n s t a l l e d severe

s t r a i n p l a c e d upon them .

c lo s in g of the doors and- b i n d . a b u tt

It

is

jamb i n o r d e r t o

give t h i s

p o in t is

job c o n s id e r a b le

DIRECTIONS:

im p ro p e rly fram ed ones to

in stall

How t o f r a m e

it

stresses

p ro p erly .

w ise p r a c t i c e

p l a c e d upon

Over b r a c i n g

a tten tio n . in a door.

Secure th e b e s t fram ing m a te r ia l a v a ila b le H eaders s h o u ld be s e c u r e l y n a i l e d .

3*

A lo n g trim m er sh o u ld s u p p o rt th e h e a d e r.

5.

sag

and you should

2.

I4..

the

The c o n s t a n t o p e n i n g a n d

w ise to u n d e rs ta n d th e

and f r a m i n g a t t h i s

1.

causes

due t o

The t r i m m e r s h o u l d r e s t u p o n t h e

so le p l a t e .

The b u t t t r i m m e r s h o u l d b e v e r y s e c u r e l y sure a stro n g base fo r th e b u tt h in g e s. n a il trim ers

6.

A void k n o ts

7.

Sources:

n a ile d to (L evel and

to door s iz e .) i n d o o r f r a m in g mem bers.

W here t o g e t a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n o n d o o r

fram ing. a.

in ­

V i s i t a l o c a l p r o j e c t and i n s t p e c t d o o r f ra m in g m ethods.

68 ASSIGNMENTS;

A d d itio n a l exp erien ce

t o e n a b l e y o u to become

p r o f i c i e n t in fram ing a d o o r. 1.

Frame i n t h e d o o r s

in a house.

2.

Cut t h e f r a m i n g members f o r

a 6 T8 l* d o o r .

3.

Make a m o d e l t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h e m e t h o d s u s e d i n f r a m i n g a door.

EVALUATION: 1.

A short

TRUE-FALSE:

check f o r s tu d e n t u s e .

P la c e an X i n th e p r o p e r p l a c e f o r

tru e

or fa ls e . a.

(T) f

) It

I s b e s t to u se a lo n g trim m er i n fram ing

In a door. b.

( )(

) You s h o u l d

av o id k n o ts In doorfram ing

m aterial. c.

( )( ) It

i s w ise

t o u s e Exit’ s f o r

a ll

door h e ad e rs.

69 JOB SHEET 2 9 .

CORNER POSTS

HOW TO CONSTRUCT CORNER POSTS The c o r n e r s stru c tu re

and m u st be c o n s t r u c t e d

heavy lo ad s. ent n a ilin g th at

of a b u ild in g form th e b a se s o f th e e n t i r e

th ere

t o be a b l e t o w i t h s t a n d

P r o v i s i o n m u s t b e m ad e t o p r o v i d e f o r s u f f i c i ­ surface fo r

is

the p l a s t e r .

su fficien t

o u tsid e sh eath in g .

It

is

im po rtant

space to n a i l the b u tto n board fo r

T h e r e a r e m an y w a y s t o f o r m a c o r n e r p o s t ,

but'

o n ly th e m ost u se d m ethods w i l l be d i s c u s s e d . DIRECTIONS: 1.

How t o c o n s t r u c t c o r n e r p o s t s .

Secure o nly the

s tra ig h te s t m aterial free

o f k n o t s and

pro j e c t i o n s . 2.

Cut m a t e r i a l

3.

To make up c o r n e r p o s t s pieces

i|_.

P lace

to e x a c t le n g th s

o f 2xij. a t l e a s t

o f 2 xif c o n s t r u c t i o n ,

cut 3

l 8 ,r l o n g .

t h e s e p i e c e s b e t w e e n tw o 8 ' 2xl]_* s a n d n a i l

c u re ly w ith l 6 penny n a i l s . and one i n 5.

of stu d s.

se­

(One a t t o p a n d b o t t o m

the c e n t e r . )

T a k e a t h i r d 2 x 14- a n d n a i l t o t h e e d g e s - o f f a b r i c a t e d post p rev io u sly co n stru cted .

6.

Check ends to i n s u r e

7.

Check i n s i d e

eveness.

co rn er to

in su re

1 5/8"

surface

on i n s i d e

corners. 8.

To make u p c o r n e r p o s t o f a lpi6 a n d a 2xlp, c u t m a t e r i a l

70

to 9.

stud le n g th .

N a i l 2x1).1 s f l a t

t o 6 ” s i d e o f ipc.6 w i t h l 6 p e n n y n a i l s .

10.

C h e c k t o make s u r e o u t s i d e

11.

To make a n o f f s e t c o r n e r p o s t o f 2x1)., c u t t h r e e 2 x1l' s to

edge i s

flu sh .

stud le n g th .

12.

P lace

the

t h r e e 2xIj., s w i t h I4.” w i d t h t o g e t h e r .

13.

S l i d e m i d d l e 2x1). f r o m b e t w e e n two o u t s i d e 2xip ’u n t i l i t e x t e n d s 1 5/ 8 *'- a l o n g e n t i r e

lif.

N ail se c u re ly u n t i l e n tir e

15*

Check ends

16 .

Check o f f s e t

17.

Sources: a.

to in s u re to

V isit a lo ca l

ASSIGNMENTS:'

le n g th has been n a ile d .

squareness.

in su re

W h ere t o

len g th of p o st.

1 5/8"

in sp e c t various job and i n s p e c t

type co rn e r p o s ts , corner p o sts used.

S tudy p ro c e d u re s to enable you to

1.

C o n stru ctthe

2.

Make up two o t h e r a c c e p t a b l e

EVALUATION:

co rn ers fo r p l a s te r board.

th re e m ost used c o rn e r

co n stru ct;

p o sts.

corner p o s ts .

A s h o r t check f o r use in c o n s tr u c tin g

corner

p o sts. 1.

TRUE-FALSE:

P lace an X in p ro p e r space f o r

tru e or f a ls e .

a.

T. F . ( )( ) I t

b.

( )(

) You s h o u l d u s e t h e o f f s e t p o s t w h e r e y o u

c.

( )(

) The b u i l t - u p

is

b e s t t o u s e t h e Lpc6 c o r n e r p o s t s .

F . ' H . A.

type p o s t i s a c c e p ta b le w ith

can.

71 JOB SHEET 3 0 .

ERECTING WALLS

HOFf TO ERECT WALLS The e r e c t i o n o f a f r a m e d w a l l i s fascin atin g

one o f t h e m o st

jobs in th e b u ild in g ; o f a h o u se .

It

seems to

go up. v e r y q u i c k l y f o r t h e a m o u n t o f w o r k ; b u t t h e p l a n n i n g th a t goes in to

it

im p o rtan t phase.

before It

is n e ce ssa ry to p lac e

i n .t h e i r r ig h t p laces Any m i s t a k e s

th e a c t u a l assem bly i s

in th is

and t o n a i l a l l p a rt of th e

c o s t l y in tim e and m a t e r i a l . sid e w a lls , DIRECTIONS:

How t o

the p ro p e r p ie c e s

them v e r y s e c u r e l y .

c o n s tr u c tio n w i l l prove

O utside \v alls,

are erected- in th e

th e m ost

as w ell as i n ­

sa m e m a n n e r .

erect w a lls.

1.

S e l e c t w a ll t o be e r e c t e d f i r s t .

2.

C lear s u f f i c i e n t

s p a c e on t h e s u b f l o o r to e r e c t e n t i r e

w all. 3.

Take u p p e r p l a t e its

[)..

and p l a c e

it

a s t u d ’ s l e n g t h a w ay f r o m

so le p la te .

P lace re g u la r

s t u d s on edge a g a i n s t

the s o le

p late at

e a c h l i n e m a r k e d w i t h a n X o r O'.S. 5>.

S tand upper p l a t e

on edge a g a i n s t s t u d s w i t h m arks

corresponding to .th o s e

on s o l e p l a t e .

6.

N a il th ro u g h the upper p l a t e

7.

Check e a c h s t u d its

w i t h two l 6 p e n n y n a i l s .

a f te r n a ilin g to in su re

proper p o s itio n .

th at i t

is

in

72

8.

It

is

b e s t t o f r a m e i n u p p e r p a r t o f window an d d o o r

fram es a t t h i s 9.

tim e.

P lace upper c rip p le s

in proper p o sitio n s

10.

N a i l w i t h two l 6 p e n n y n a i l s .

11.

P la c e u p p e r trim m ers a g a i n s t

12.

Upper trim m e rs a r e

13.

N a il trim m ers to upper p l a t e .

l ip .

N a il trim m ers to o p ening s tu d .

15.

P lace head er in p lac e

on u p p e r p l a t e .

o pening s t u d s .

same l e n g t h a s c r i p p l e s .

ag ain st c rip p le s

o r trim m e rs and

a g a i n s t o p ening s t u d s . 16 .

N ail header to

o p e n in g s t u d s w i t h two l 6 p e n n y

n a ils

d riv e n th ro u g h opening s tu d s . 17.

Toe n a i l b o t t o m o f c r i p p l e s

to h ead er w ith th re e

8

penny n a i l s . 18 .

S e c u r e s c r a p m a t e r i a l t o t e m p o r a r i l y b r a c e w a l l w hen i t is raised

in to p o sitio n .

19.

R a is e w a l l i n t o p o s i t i o n on to p o f s o l e p l a t e .

20.

T a c k a 3 / k ’o l o c k a t e a c h c o r n e r p o s t a n d s t r e t c h lin e

a

b e tw ee n them . studs

t o w i t h i n 3/b-n °? l i n e .

21.

B ring a l l

22.

Toe n a i l b o t t o m s o f s t u d s

to

so le p la te in proper

p o sitio n . 23.

T em porarily b race w a ll,

alo n g w a ll,

and a t r i g h t

to i t . . 2 li.

E re c t rem ain in g e x te r io r w a lls

in s i m i l a r m anner.

an g les

73

25.

Plumb c o r n e r p o s t s

26.

E re c t I n t e r i o r w alls

27.

L e v e l and plumb i n t e r i o r w a l l s .

28.

Brace i n t e r i o r w a lls

29.

I n s t a l l perm anent b r a c i n g .

30.

Sources: a.

and b rac e a l l

e x te rio r w alls.

I n same f a s h i o n .

tem p o rarily .

W h ere t o g o f o r a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n .

Go t o a l o c a l h o u s e u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d w a t c h the e re c tio n of a w a ll.

ASSIGNMENTS:

L a b o ra to ry problem s to g a in e x p e rie n c e

in

erectin g w alls. 1.

E re c t e x te r io r w alls f o r a house.

2.

E rec t i n t e r i o r w all f o r the

3.

P ractice

!}..

Make a m o d e l o f a t y p i c a l w a l l a s s e m b l y .

EVALUATION: 1.

la y in g o u t and assem b lin g w a lls

in the

A s h o r t c h e c k on w a l l a s s e m b ly f o r

CHECK L I S T : a.

same h o u s e .

P lace

shop.

stu d en t u s e :

an X in th e p ro p e r s p a c e .

YES NO ( )( ) D id t h e m ark s on t h e

so le p la te

and th e u p p e r

p l a t e m atch? b.

( )(

) Were t h e

studs a l l

t h e same l e n g t h ?

c.

( )(

) D id you s e c u r e l y n a i l

th e u p p er p l a t e to th e

studs? d.

( )(

) W ere t h e

stu d s n a ile d

e.

( )(

) D id a l l y o u r c r i p p l e s

in th e i r proper p laces? f i t ’?

71+ f .

( )(

g*

(

h.

( )(

) A re y o u r c r i p p l e s

i.

( )(

) D i d y o u u s e t h e 3 /V ' s p a c e r b l o c k s a n d l i n e

)(

) Are y o u r h e a d e r s

the peoper len g th ?

) D id you c h ec k h e a d e r f o r

to b rin g your stu d s j-

(

)(

squareness?

se c u re ly n a ile d to th e header?

in to p o sitio n ?

) Do t h e b o t t o m o f t h e

studs f a l l

in to the

proper p o sitio n ? k.

( )(

) Do y o u r c o r n e r p o s t s r e s t p r o p e r l y i n t h e corners?

1.

( )(

) Are y o u r t e m p o r a r y b r a c e s i n p l a c e ?

m.

( ) (. ) D i d a l l y o u r i n t e r i o r \ ¥ a l l s f i t - p r o p e r l y ?

n.

( )(

) D id y ou n a i l

the

p lu m b in g them?

corners

to g eth er a f te r

75 JOB SHEET 3 1 .

LET IN BRACES

HOW TO INSTALL LET IN BRACES The b r a c i n g o f a w a l l s e c t i o n r e q u i r e s ment o f th e b r a c e s . use to d ay . in th e It

is

The l e t

c a re fu l p lace­

T h e r e a r e tw o m a i n t y p e s o f b r a c e s

i n b r a c e i s becom ing t h e m ost u se d b r a c e

c o n stru ctio n trad e

t o d a y s o we w i l l d i s c u s s

v ery e a s i l y p la c e d and r e q u i r e s - l i t t l e

brace i t s e l f .

The

m ethod o f i n s t a l l i n g

1.

How t o

in stall

th e l e t

it

first.

c u ttin g of th e

a l e t in brace

t h e sa m e f o r t h e d i a g o n a l a s w e l l a s t h e k n e e DIRECTIONS:

in

is

type b ra c e .

in b ra c e .

D eterm ine w hich ty p e b ra c e i n s t a l l a t i o n

is

to be u s e d .

(Knee o r d i a g o n a l ) 2.

S e l e c t s t r a i g h t 1x6 t o be u s e d a s a b r a c e .

3.

Check c o r n e r p o s t f o r p lu m b n e ss .

Ip.

Tack to

stu ds in d e sire d p o s itio n a t th e c o rn er.

5.

Mark s t u d s on e a c h s i d e o f b r a c e .

6.

Remove

b r a c e from s t u d s .

7.

Saw d i a g o n a l l i n e s m a r k e d on

stu d s

to d ep th of b race

m aterial. 8.

C h i s e l o u t dado to p r o p e r d e p th t o r e c e i v e d b r a c e .

9.

Cut t h r o u g h s o l e p l a t e s

10.

and u p p er p l a t e s

I n s e r t b r a c e i n dados and n a i l

s e c u re ly to stu d s w ith

th r e e 8 penny n a i l s . 11.

i n sa m e m a n n e r .

Cut o f f ex po sed end a t up p er p l a t e s .

12.

Repeat a t a l l

13.

P lace l e t

i n b r a c e s on I n t e r i o r p a r t i t i o n s .

lip .

A fter a ll

braces

ex te rio r

are

corners.

in p lac e,

t e m p o r a r y b r a c e s may b e

rem oved.

15.

On l o n g w a l l s p l a c e d i a g o n a l b r a c e s w h e r e v e r t h e y w i l l fit..

16.

Sources: a.

W h e r e a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n may b e g a t h e r e d .

Go t o a l o c a l h o u s i n g p r o j e c t a n d i n s p e c t l e t

in

braces. b.

V isit a lo cal

job and w atch l e t

in b rac e s b ein g

in stalled . ASSIGNMENTS: p erien ce

L ab o rato ry p r o je c ts

in in s ta llin g

1.

Insert le t

2.

In sta ll

EVALUATION: 1.

In b races

i n an e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g . stu d en t use.

P l a c e an X i n p r o p e r s p a c e f o r t r u e

T. F . ( )( ) I t

( )(

i n a new h o u s e .

A s h o rt check f o r

let b.

e n a b le you to g a i n ex­

in b ra c e s.

a l e t in brace

TRUE-FALSE: a.

let

to

i s b e s t to u se a s t r a i g h t p ie c e

or fa l

o f 1x6 f o

in b races.

) You s h o u l d t a c k t h e b r a c e

to th e

studs fo r

m arking. c.

( )(

) You s h o u l d n a i l b r a c e s w i t h l 6 p e n n y n a i l s .

d.

( )(

) It

i s w ise to s a y th e dado c u ts w h ile

brace

is

tacked to

the

stu d s.

the

77

JOB SHEET 3 2 ,

CUT IN BRACES

HOW TO INSTALL CUT IN BRACES Many o f t h e

c r a f ts m e n on th e

in b ra c e s, m ain tain in g th a t t h is m ost su p p o rt to f o r m any y e a r s

the fram e.

jo b t o d a y I n s i s t on c u t type of b ra c e le n d s

The c u t i n b r a c e h a s b e e n i n u s e

a n d e v e r y I n d i c a t i o n sh o w s t h i s

to p rovide the n e c e s s a ry ’ su p p o rt needed. t o be a b l e t o e r e c t t h i s

the

type b race

It

type of brace

i s w e ll f o r you

i n o r d e r t o become p r o ­

f ic ie n t a t your tra d e . DIRECTIONS:

How t o i n s t a l l

cut

in b ra c e s.

1.

D eterm ine ty p e o f

b r a c e to u s e .

2.

L ocate

3.

Check c o r n e r p o s t s f o r p l u m b n e s s .

]p.

Snap c h a l k l i n e

(knee o r d i a g o n a l.)

corner to be b raced .

a g a in st stu d s in p o s itio n b races w ill

assum e. 5.

S e l e c t g o o d 2xl|_ m a t e r i a l f o r b r a c e s .

6.

B r a c e s may b e c u t b y u s i n g t h e b r a c e t a b l e p en ters

square or

b y b e i n g s c e i b e d on- t h e

on t h e jo b .

car­

We w i l l

use th e l a t t e r m ethod. 7.

P l a c e 2x[|_ b r a c e ' m a t e r i a l w i t h e d g e a g a i n s t c h a l k l i n e on t h e

stu d s.

8.

Mark a g a i n s t

9 .'

Cut on l i n e

10.

stu d s. to f i t .

Mark a n d c u t e a c h b r a c e

along l i n e u n t i l a l l

are

cu t.

78 11.

I n s t a l l braces

12.

I f braces

in p lace.

do n o t r e a c h s t u d s

on t o p o f s o l e p l a t e

to

a 2xip may b e n a i l e d f l a t

a c t as a k ic k b lo c k .

13-

Repeat p ro cess a t each c o rn e r.

lip .

Cut i n b r a c e s

15.

Sources: a.

sh o u ld be p la c e d i n a l l

W here t o i n s p e c t

in te rio r p a rtitio n s.

cut in b races.

Go t o a l o c a l h o u s e u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d i n s p e c t cut in b races.

ASSIGNMENTS:

A c t i v i t i e s where you can l e a r n by i n s t a l l i n g ;

cut in b ra c e s . 1.

In sta ll

cut in braces

i n a new b u i l d i n g .

2.

In sta ll

cut in braces

i n an e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g .

3.

Cut b r a c e s u s i n g b r a c e t a b l e

EVALUATION: 1.

A short

TRUE-FALSE: a.

on s q u a r e .

c h e c k on c u t i n b r a c e s .

P l a c e an X i n p r o p e r s p a c e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e .

T. F . ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d f o l l o w

the

chalk l in e s

in m arking

cut in b ra c e s . b.

( )(

) It

i s b e s t t o u s e 2xlp m a t e r i a l f o r c u t i n

braces. c.

( )(

) It

is

w ise to b u t t

i n a k i c k e r b l o c k when

th e end o f th e b r a c e does n o t r e a c h a s tu d .

79 JOB SHEET 3 3 .

TOP PLATES

HOW TO INSTALL TOP PLATES A f t e r th e b r a c e s have been I n s t a l l e d re a d y to be t i e d th at a ll

in a t a l l

the

corners

It

and t h e fram e I s is

very e s s e n tia l

th e c o r n e r s be l a p p e d be t h e to p p l a t e .

be t a k e n to

in su re

In o rd e r to p la c e

th e to p p la te b ein g p e r f e c t l y the c e i li n g

Care m ust stra ig h t

j o i s t and ro o f r a f t e r s

in to

p o sitio n . DIRECTIONS: 1.

How t o i n s t a l l

the to p p l a t e .

S e l e c t s t r a i g h t 2xij.,-s t o e x t e n d o v e r e n t i r e

top of

upper p la te . 2.

Cover i n t e r i o r p a r t i t i o n s

and be s u r e

to la p over onto

e x te r io r w a lls w herever a p a r t i t i o n b u t ts

ag ain st

e x t e r i o r \'/a ll. 3.

S ta rtin g at

corners

m aking s u r e

each co rner is

corner i|.

cover

upper p la te

of ex ;terio r w all

t i e d by th e la p p in g o f th e

jo in ts.

Check a lig n m e n t o f a l l

top p la t e s

to

in su re

stra ig h tn ess

of the w a ll. 5*

N ail a l l at a ll

6.

to p p l a t e s w ith l6 penny n a i l s

and double n a i l

corners.

Sources:

W h ere y o u may i n s p e c t t o p p l a t e ' s

a.

a house u n d er c o n s tr u c tio n and in s p e c t to p

V isit

p lates

in p lace.

in p o sitio n ,

80 ASSIGNMENTS:

L ab o rato ry e x e rc is e s n e c e ssa ry to g a in e x p e ri­

ence in p la c e in g top p l a t e s . 1.

Lay t h e

2.

Lay o u t to p p l a t e f o r a p r o p o s e d h o u s e .

EVALUATION: 1.

top p l a t e s

in a house under c o n s tru c tio n .

A s h o r t c h e c k on p l a c i n g of t o p p l a t e s .

TRUE-FALSE:

P la c e an X in th e p ro p e r space f o r

tru e

or fa lse . a.

T. F. ( ) ( ) Top p l a t e s

should o v erlap

b.

( )(

to

) It

is b est

tie

in

a t a l l th e

the p a r t i t i o n s

corners. to

o utside w a lls. c.

( )(

) It

is

common p r a c t i c e

on t o p p l a t e s .

to use l6 penny n a i l s

81 JOB SHEET 3l|_.

TOP PLATE LAYOUT

HOW TO SPACE TOP PLATES FOR CEILING JOISTS The t o p p l a t e s

support t h e - j o i s t s

w hich fo rm th e

in g .

In o rd e r to b e a r th e w eight o f th e f i n i s h e d

it

is

e s s e n tia l th a t th ey r e s t

It

is

good p r a c t i c e

to

t h e y l i n e up w i t h t h e is

tran sferred d ire c tly

DIRECTIONS; 1.

S tart

c eilin g

and f l o o r

jo ists

jo ists.

so t h a t

Thus t h e l o a d

to th e fo u n d a tio n .

How t o s p a c e t o p p l a t e s a t th e

ceilin g

over a stu d whenever p o s s ib l e .

la y out the studs

ceil­

for

ceilin g , j o i s t s .

same c o r n e r a n d go I n t h e sam e d i r e c t i o n

a s y o u d i d when l a y i n g o u t t h e s t u d s 2.

Lay o u t t h e c e i l i n g

3.

Lay o u t th e s p a c e s la y in g out the

jo ists in the

in the w a ll.

on l 6 M c e n t e r s . sa m e m a n n e r a s y o u d i d when

stu d s.

i|_.

P l a c e an X beyond e a c h l i n e

to in su re p ro p er p o s itio n .

5.

E a c h j o i s t s h o u l d come d i r e c t l y o v e r t h e

to p of each

stu d . 6.

Always p l a c e tio n

a j o i s t a t th e

to provide n a ilin g

i n t e r s e c t i o n of each p a r t i ­

surface fo r

ceilin g p la ste r

board. 7.

Check c e i l i n g jo is t for

8.

Sources: a.

jo ist

span t a b l e

th e p a r ti c u la r

to s e l e c t p ro p e r s iz e

span to be i n s t a l l e d .

W h e re a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n may b e f o u n d :

Go t o a c o n s t r u c t i o n

job and s tu d y p la c e m e n t of

82 c eilin g ASSIGNMENTS:

jo ists.

L ab o rato ry e x e rc is e s

laying out c e ilin g

to g a in exp erien ce in

jo ists.

1.

Lay o u t t h e c e i l i n g

j o i s t f o r a house under c o n s tr u c tio n .

2.

L a y o u t a s e c t i o n o f 2xl|., s f o r p l a c e m e n t o f c e i l i n g jo ists.

EVALUATION: 1.

S tudent

TRUE-FALSE:

c h e c k o n t h e l a y o u t o'f c e i l i n g

jo ist.

P l a c e an X i n t h e p r o p e r s p a c e f o r t r u e

or fa lse . a.

T. F . ( )( ) I t

is

w ise to

lay out a l l b.

( )(

) It

is

sta rt jo ists

at

t h e same c o r n e r t o

in a house.

good p r a c t i c e

to p la c e

ceilin g

jo ists

over stu d s. c.

( )(

) It

is

b e tter

to la y

out c eilin g

jo ists

on

2l4-n c e n t e r s . d.

( )(

) P la te s

s h o u ld be l a i d

ion as th e

stu d s.

o u t I n t h e same d i r e c t ­

83 JOB SHEET 35-

CEILING JOISTS

HO?/ TO ERECT CEILING JOISTS I n o r d e r to a v o i d s a g g i n g c e i l i n g s , and w arped m o u ld in g s , and e r e c t i n g p rep arin g

ceilin g

cracked p l a s t e r ,

great

c a re m ust be ta k e n i n s e l e c t i n g

jo ists.

The d e g r e e o f v r o r k m a n s h i p i n

a c e i l i n g f o r p l a s t e r w i l l be th e d e c i d i n g f a c t o r

In the f i n a l

a p p e a ra n c e o f y o u r c e i l i n g and any p r e c a u t i o n s

t a k e n b e f o r e h a n d w i l l be w e ll w o r th t h e tim e t a k e n . DIRECTIONS:

.How t o

erect jo ist

c eilin g

jo ists-.

1.

Check c e i l i n g

2.

S e le c t only the b e s t m a te r ia l.

3.

Cut c e i l i n g

jo ist

span t a b l e s .

to p ro p e r le n g th to

extend o v er the

to p p la te . I4..

Always p l a c e

crow n s i d e up

5.

P lace

on p r o p e r s i d e o f l i n e

jo ists

6.

Toe n a i l

7.

P lace

jo ists

an e x t r a

to p l a t e

9. 10.

cut

jo ist

jo is t p ro tru d in g

U s e "same p r o c e d u r e Jo ists

over stu d s.

to each p a r t i t i o n

to

same b e v e l a s r o o f

in each

s h o u ld alw ays be a t

Sources:

to

above r a f t e r s . room. rig h t

an g les to

the rid g e

board. 11.

to

space fo r the p l a s t e r board.

On o u t s i d e w a l l s av o id

and

w i t h two 8 p e n n y n a i l s .

jo ist p a ra lle l

provide n a ilin g 8.

whe n n a i l i n g j o i s t s .

W here t o g e t a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n on

81^ c eilin g a.

jo ist

in stallatio n .

V isit a lo cal

ASSIGNMENTS; in

jo ist

job and i n s p e c t c e i l i n g

jo ist.

A s s i g n m e n t s t o e n a b l e y o u t o become p r o f i c i e n t

in stallatio n s.

1.

I n s ta ll c eilin g jo is t

In a house.

2.

In s ta ll ceilin g

jo ist

in' a p r a c t i c e h o u se on

t h e cam pus.

A s h o r t check

on t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n o f

c eilin g

EVALUATION; jo ists. 1.

BEST ANSWER:

P lace

t h e number o f t h e b e s t an sw er i n

the p a re n th e s e s . a.

( ) When i n s t a l l i n g t u r n up t h e : (3)

b.

(1)

sm ooth e d g e .

( ) C eilin g

jo ists

betw een th e (3)

c eilin g flat

jo ists

it

is

b e s t to

sid e.

(2) crown s i d e .

(if) bow s i d e .

s h o u ld be p l a c e d d i r e c t l y :

stu d s.

over the stu d s .

(2)

over the

(1)

corner p o s ts .

(Ip) o n 1 2 n c e n t e r s .

85

JOB SHEET 3 6 .

FIRE BLOCKS

HOW TO CUT AND PLACE FIRE BLOCKS Most b u i l d i n g c o d e s r e q u i r e b etw een a l l

th at a f ir e

b lo c k be p la c e d

s t u d s a n d v e r t i c a l members o f t h e h o u s e f r a m e .

T he p u r p o s e o f t h i s

is

the w alls of a house. fram e th e w a lls

is

to

impede t h e p r o g r e s s o f f i r e

The same m a t e r i a l

u s u a l ly u sed as f i r e

r o c k i s t o be u se d I n s t e a d o f p l a s t e r

t h a t was u s e d t o blocks.

it

through

is

If

sheet

e sse n tia l th at

t h e s e b l o c k s be p l a c e d so a s t o p r o v i d e b a c k i n g f o r

the

n a i l i n g of th e board. DIRECTIONS:

How t o c u t a n d p l a c e

fire

b lo ck s.

1.

S e c u r e s u f f i c i e n t 2x1}. m a t e r i a l t o

cut f ir e

2.

Number e a c h s p a c e i n t h e r o o m r e q u i r i n g

3.

M easure e a c h s p a c e .

If.

R ecord by c o r r e s p o n d in g number th e s i z e

5.

Cut a l l f i r e

blo ck s.

a fire

b lock.

of each space.

b l o c k s f o r r o o m a t same t i m e u s i n g m e a s u r e ­

m ents ta k e n p r e v i o u s l y . 6.

M e a s u r e up if8,f f r o m f i n i s h

f l o o r and snap a c h a l k l i n e

alo n g each w all a t t h i s h e ig h t. 7.

N ail each b lo ck in

corresponding space a t

8.

F ace and to e n a i l e a c h b l o c k i n p l a c e .

9*

W herever a c u t i n b r a c e f a l l s

c en ter of lin e .

a t t h e lf8” m a r k t h e b l o c k

may b e o m i t t e d . 10.

H e r r i n g b o n e b l o c k i n g may b e u s e d a n d e a c h b l o c k m a r k e d

86 in d iv id u a lly . 11.

Sources: a.

W h ere t o

alread y

in stalled ,

V i s i t l o c a l h o u se u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n and i n s p e c t v ario u s

ASSIGNMENTS: fire

see f ir e b lo c k s

types of f i r e

blocks.

L earn in g a c t i v i t i e s

to h e l p you i n i n s t a l l i n g

b lo ck s.

1.

Cut and i n s t a l l h o r i z o n t a l f i r e

2.

Cut and i n s t a l l h e r r i n g b o n e f i r e

block in a house. b lo c k in a house

under c o n stru c tio n . EVALUATION: 1.

A c h e c k on t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n

COMPLETION:

W rite

c o r r e c t answer t h a t

of f ir e

b lo ck s.

in th e b la n k s ahead o f th e item s the s h o u l d go i n t o

th e s h o r t to k en

b lanks w ith in the item s. _______ a .

b.

The h e i g h t a t w h i c h we i n s t a l l f i r e

A fire

b locks

b lo c k i s p la c e d in e a c h o p e n in g betw een

t h e ________ . c.

You s h o u l d u s e t h e b locks

is

sa m e m a t e r i a l f o r f i r e

t h a t was u s e d t o e r e c t t h e

87 JOB SHEET 3 7 .

BACKING

HOW TO INSTALL BACKING AND PLASTER GROUNDS In a l l

c a s e s where c o r n e r p o s t s

provide a n a ilin g to

s u r f a c e you m ust p l a c e

accom plish t h i s

a re a t r i g h t an g les n a il

or c e ilin g

job. to

the

c eilin g

jo ist it

jo ist

1.

How t o

th at

i s n e c e s s a r y to

a n d on t o p o f t h e p l a t e s

to w hich th e p l a s t e r b o a rd i s n a i l e d . o f t e n n e c e s s a r y on v e r t i c a l s t u d s

do n o t

s u f f i c i e n t backing

On a l l w a l l s a n d p a r t i t i o n s

s h o r t b lo c k s b etw een th e

DIRECTIONS:

jo ists

I n some c a s e s t h i s

and o u t s i d e

is

corners.

i n s t a l l b a c k in g and g ro u n d s f o r

p la ste rin g .

Check e a c h c o r n e r and i n t e r s e c t i o n of w a l l and c e i l i n g to l o c a t e p l a c e s where b a c k in g i s n e c e s s a r y .

2.

S e c u r e 2x6 m a t e r i a l f o r b a c k i n g .

3.

Cut to f i t

I4..

N a il s e c u r e ly to top p l a t e

5>.

R echeck each c o rn e r and i n t e r s e c t i o n b e fo re p ro c e e d in g

e a c h o p e n in g on s t u d . or stu d .

t o n e s t room. 6.

S e c u re p r o p e r b a se g round from lum ber y a r d .

7.

P l a n e o f f t o n g u e f r o m lxl\. T&G f l o o r i n g a n d p l a c e g r o o v e sid e up.

8.

N a i l g ro u n d s above s u b f l o o r h i g h enough so f i n i s h f l o o r may b e e a s i l y

9. 10.

in stalled

u n d erneath.

P la c e grounds a lo n g f l o o r M iter a l l

i n e a c h room t o b e p l a s t e r e d .

c o rn e rs of p l a s t e r ground.

88 11.

P lace

3/V'

ground around a l l a r e a s

t o be p l a s t e r e d

th at

w i l l n o t b e c a s e d b y a jam b o r f r a m e . 12.

Sources:

Vifhere t o i n s p e c t b a c k i n g a n d p l a s t e r g r o u n d s

in p lace. a.

Go t o a l o c a l h o u s i n g p r o j e c t a n d c h e c k b a c k i n g and g r o u n d s .

ASSIGNMENTS:

E x erc ises

to g iv e you a d d i t i o n a l e x p e r ie n c e

in

in s t a i l i n g ' p l a s t e r g rou nds and b a c k i n g . 1.

In sta ll

2.

E r e c t a l l p l a s t e r grounds f o r a p l a s t e r i n g

EVALUATION: 1.

th e b acking in a house.

A short

TRUE-FALSE: a.

check f o r

job.

student u s e .

P l a c e an X i n p r o p e r s q u a r e f o r t r u e o r f a l s e .

T. F . ( )( ) I t

is

necessary

to p la c e b a se grounds

in a ll

p l a s t e r e d room s. b.

( )(

) You s h o u l d p r o v i d e b a c k i n g a t a l l p la ste r

c.

( )(

)It

is

d.

( )(

)It

is

susfaces.

perm issab le

p laste r

in te rse ctin g

t o u s e T&G f l o o r i n g f o r

grounds.

n o t n e c e s s a ry to p la n e o f f the

xvhen f l o o r i n g

is

tongue

used as a p l a s t e r ground.

89

PART I V .

ROOF FRAMING

HOW TO CUT AND INSTALL ROOF FRAMING

T he m o s t d i f f i c u l t a n d i n t e r e s t i n g the rough fram ing of a house is tio n of the r o o f.

The b a s i c

i n g m ust be u n d e r s t o o d b e f o r e

the

o p eratio n

in

c u tti n g and e re c ­

fund am entals of r o o f fram ­ a n y a t t e m p t i s m ad e t o

fram e a r o o f . a d e fin ite

know ledge o f a l l t h e

f o r m u l a s m u s t be m a s t e r e d b e f o r e attem p ted .

T he f o l l o w i n g

th e fram ing d e t a i l s

th at

term s and b a s ic

f in a l o p eratio n is

s e c tio n w ill only d e a l w ith are n e c e s s a ry a f t e r

a th o r­

ough u n d e rs ta n d in g of th e fu n d am e n ta ls of r o o f fram ­ in g has been m a s te re d .

90 JOB SHEET 38-

COMMON RAFTERS

HOW TO LAY OUT A COMMON RAFTER Th e common r a f t e r roofs

in use today.

and h ip r o o f s ,

It

th e b a sic r a f t e r

form s th e m ain body of t h e

o f a common r a f t e r ,

nam ely:

o f f m ethod, r a f t e r t a b l e s , m a th m a tic a lly , AH of th ese

are used to d ay ,

m e t h o d i s m o s t com m only u s e d .

step

an g les

the

step

and th e s c a l i n g

but the ste p o ff

I t n o t only g iv es th e

o f t h e plumb a n d s e a t

o f f m ethod i n t h i s

DIRECTIONS:

gab le

T h e r e a r e m any m e t h o d s \ v i t h w h i c h t o f i n d

th e l e n g t h and c u ts

but the

ty p es o f

e x ten d s a t r i g h t a n g le s from th e p l a t e .

to th e rid g e .

m ethod.

of a l l

w hich a re th e m ost w id e ly u sed r o o f t y p e s .

The common r a f t e r lin e

is

c u ts.

len g th

We w i l l u s e t h e

s e c tio n of th e ro o f la y o u t.

To l a y o u t a n d c u t a common r a f t e r .

1.

D eterm ine ru n of r a f t e r

(-J-the s p a n . )

2.

Check t h e r i s e



S c a le approxim ate le n g th of r a f t e r .

of ro o f.

a.

P lace

to ta l

b.

P lace

to ta l rise

c.

M easure d i a g o n a l b e tw een t h e s e

d.

T o tal

is

r u n on t w e l f t h s c a l e

on body o f s q u a r e .

on t w e l f t h s c a l e

on to n g u e o f

square.

two f i g u r e s .

scale len g th of r a f t e r .

i|_.

Add l e n g t h o f t a i l

o r overhang of r a f t e r .

5>.

S e le c t a s t r a ig h t p iece of r a f t e r

6.

P lace

crow n edge s i d e

of r a f te r

sto ck

fo r p a ttern .

a w ay f r o m y o u .

91 7.

S tart

a t l e f t hand s id e of s to c k .

8.

G rasp tongue o f sq u a re

I 9n l e f t h a n d a n d b o d y o f s q u a r e

in r i g h t hand. 9.

On o u t e r e d g e o f t o n g u e r u n and p la c e

10.

to ta l rise

per

F i n d 12" m a r k o n o u t e r e d g e o f b o d y a n d p l a c e

Mark l i n e

f o o r of

on edge o f s t o c k .

edge o f s to c k . 11.

lo cate

(12"

on o u t e r

eq u als u n it of ru n .)

along o u ts id e o f tongue of sq u are as t h i s

r e p r e s e n t s plurab c u t . 12.

Mark l i n e

a t o u t e r edge o f body s id e

13*

Move t o n g u e t o m a r k m ade b y b o d y ,

of sq u are.

and p l a c e

sa m e r i s e

a s b e f o r e on o u t e r edge o f t o n g u e . lip.

P l a c e 12" m ark on o u t e r e d g e o f b o d y a s b e f o r e o utside

T h is r e p r e s e n t s

16 .

Take one o f t h e s e

step s

lip, f o r e a c h f o o t

o f run th e r a f t e r m ust span.

or seat

s e c o n d s t e p o f a common r a f t e r . as o u t li n e d

in d ire c tio n s

13>

alo n g the body.

T his r e p r e s e n t s

the h e e l

cu t.

For b u ild in g s w ith uneven sp an s, ad d itio n al on t h e l a s t

19.

the

A f t e r t h e r e q u i r e d number o f s t e p s a r e t a k e n m ark a heavy lin e

18.

on

e d g e o f s t o c k , m ake a n o t h e r m a r k .

15.

17.

and

in ch es re q u ir e d

to

we m u s t t a k e o n l y t h e

com plete th e

e n tire

run,

step .

F o r a 6" l a s t

s t e p we m u s t p l a c e t h e 12 " m a r k o n t h e

b o d y and t h e r i s e

on t h e t o n g u e ,

slid e

th e

square

92 a lo n g th e l a s t m ark u n t i l m ark w i t h t h e r i s e

still

th e 6” ru n s te p r e s t s th e

on t h e

sa m e o n t h e t o n g u e ,

m ark

a l o n g t h e t o n g u e f o r t h e plumb c u t . 20.

The s e a t ing the lin e

c u t i s m ade b y r e v e r s i n g t h e tongue w ith th e r i s e

on t h e

On 2 XI4. r a f t e r s the

and p l a c ­

c en te r of th e

seat

an d 12" m ark on t h e b o d y on t h e edge o f t h e r a f t e r .

T h is s h o u ld m ark a r i g h t a n g le 21.

square

th ic k n ess

it

is

b est to

of the r a f t e r

lin e

leav e

on t h e at

seat

cu t.

l e a s t one h a l f

to s u p p o rt th e t a i l

of the

rafte r. 22.

M e a s u r e down f r o m t h e s e a t the r a f t e r

23.

cut th e

d e s ire d le n g th of

ta il.

U sing th e r i s e m ark a l i n e

on t h e

alo n g the

to n g u e and t h e 12 n r u n on t h e b o d y to n g u e,

w h ic h s h o u l d be p a r a l l e l

t o t h e plumb c u t .

2lf.

S u b tact

the

th ic k n e ss of th e

to allo w f o r th e 25-

Cut t h e r a f t e r

26.

Make c u t s

27.

N ail a sh o rt

rid g e

fro m t h e plumb c u t

ridge p o le.

on t h e d e s i g n a t e d m ark s.

as a c c u r a t e

as p o s s i b l e .

lxlj. t o t h e e d g e o f t h e r a f t e r a t

and h e e l c u t s ,

as t h i s

w ill aid

t h e plum b

in u sin g th e r a f t e r

as

a p a ttern .

28.

C u t a s many r a f t e r s

29.

A q u i c k c h e c k may b e ma.de a f t e r are

c u t by p l a c i n g

as re q u ire d fo r th e b u ild in g .

t h e m on t h e

the f i r s t so le p la te ,

two r a f t e r s one on e a c h

93 sid e

and c h e c k in g a t t h e

how t h e y w i l l 30.

Sources: rafte r a.

c e n te r of th e b u k ld in g to

see

come t o g e t h e r .

W here t o o b t a i n a d d i t i o n a l

i n f o r m a t i o n on

lay o u t.

V isit lo c a l b u ild in g

jo b and ch eck g a b le r o o f

co n stru ctio n . b.

W atch a c a r p e n t e r la y

ASSIGNMENTS:

o u t a common r a f t e r .

S tu d en t assignm ents

aid in o b ta in in g exp erien ce

in lay in g out r a f t e r s . 1.

C u t a s e t o f common r a f t e r s

2.

Cut a r a f t e r f o r

EVALUATION: 1.

A short

'TRUE-FALSE: a.

th ree

or fo u r d if f e r e n t

check fo r r a f t e r

c u ttin g .

T. F . ( ) ( ) Yo u s h o u l d a l w a y s p l a c e

( )(

)It

p i t c h e s and ru n s

P la c e an X i n p r o p e r s p a c e f o r t r u e

of the b.

fo r a house.

is

the r i s e

or f a ls e

on th e

ton g ue

square. b e s t to h o ld th e

tongue of the

square

in your r i g h t hand. c.

( )(

)It

is

p referab le

th ick n ess

to

s u b t r a c t one h a l f

of the rid g e board b e fo re

the

cu ttin g

t h e plumb l i n e . d.

( )(

) The t a i l

cu t is u s u a lly p a r a l l e l w ith th e

plumb c u t . e.

( )(

)It

is

common p r a c t i c e

len g th of a r a f t e r

to

scale

th e rough

on y o u r s q u a r e .

914job

SHEET 3 9 .

RAFTER SPACING

HOW TO SPACE THE RAFTERS ON THE PLATE AND RIDGE BOARD The m a r k i n g s o n t h e r i d g e b o a r d a n d t h o s e o n t h e on e a c h s i d e o f

th e b u i l d i n g m ust m atch p e r f e c t l y

is

and e v e n .

t o be s q u a r e

necessary th a t sa m e t i m e . rafter

In o rd e r to

if

top p l a t e the ro o f

accom plish t h i s

th e r i d g e b o a r d and to p p l a t e s

be l a i d

it

at

is

the

Y ou m u s t e x e r c i s e g r e a t c a r e w h i l e l a y i n g o n t h e

spaces

if

you a re

to e r e c t a good r o o f .

Each s te p

m u st be c a r e f u l l y f o l l o w e d . DIRECTIONS: 1.

Hq W t o

M easure th e

space r a f t e r s

to ta l

on t h e p l a t e

and r i d g e b o a r d .

le n g th of th e b u ild in g in the d i r e c t i o n

th e rid g e board' w i l l fo llo w . 2.

Secure

s u f f i c i e n t 1x 6 t o e x t e n d f r o m o n e e n d o f t h e

b u ild in g 3.

o th er.

C h e c k 1 x6 f o r k n o t s a n d m ak e s u r e bow i n

Ip.

to the

it

it.

Tack r i d g e b o a r d t o one p l a t e w i t h t h e the

edge even w it h

top o f th e p l a t e .

S t a r t m a r k i n g a t one end o f t h e p l a t e of th e rid g e board a t th e 6.

does n o t have a

and m ark t h e

edge

sa m e t i m e .

P ro c e e d to o t h e r end and l e t

the l a s t r a f t e r f a l l

where

i t may. 7.

The n e x t t o

t h e l a s t r a f t e r m ay b e c e n t e r e d i n l a s t

space f o r ap p ea ra n c e.

95 8.

Remove r i d g e b o a r d a n d m ove t o o t h e r s i d e tak e

care

t o p l a c e r i d g e b o a r d i n t h e sa m e c o r r e s p o n d i n g

p o s i t i o n on t h e 9« 10.

of c u ild in g ,

o th er s id e .

T ack t i d g e b o a r d on to p p l a t e

i-n t h e - p r o p e r p o s i t i o n .

T r a n s f e r m arks from r i d g e b o a rd t o p l a t e

and p la c e X’ s

in the p ro p er s i d e s . 11.

Remove r i d g e b o a r d a n d p l a c e

12.

Sources:

Where y o u may o b t a i n a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n

on r a f t e r

spacing .

a.

a house under c o n s tr u c tio n and in s p e c t r a f t e r

Go t o

in c e n te r of the b u ild in g .

lay o u t. ASSIGNMENTS:

L ab o rato ry e x e rc is e s

become p r o f i c i e n t i n r a f t e r 1.

Lay o u t t h e r a f t e r s

th a t w i l l enable you to

lay o u t.

on p l a t e s

and r i d g e b o a rd s f o r a

house under c o n s tr u c tio n . 2.

Lay o u t th e r a f t e r

EVALUATION: 1.

A short

TRUE-FALSE: a.

s p a c e s on a p r o p o s e d h o u s e .

check on r a f t e r

lay o u t.

P la c e an X in p r o p e r space f o r

T. F. ( )( ) I t

is

tru e

or fa ls e .

b e s t t o s e l e c t a so u n d b o a r d t o be u s e d

as a rid g e p o le . b.

( )(

) It

is

common p r o c e e d u r e t o l a y o u t t h e p l a t e

and th e r id g e b o a r d a t c.

( )(

t h e same t i m e .

) You s h o u l d a l l o w t h e l a s t r a f t e r w here i t may.

to f a l l

96 JOB SHEET IpO.

ERECTING RAFTERS

HOW TO ERECT RAFTERS ON A GABLE ROOF

The m o s t co m m o n ly u s e d r o o f i n t h e b u i l d i n g t r a d e s day i s

th e g ab le ro o f.

s h o u l d be c a r e f u l l y

s t u d i e d by th e

A c r e w o f t h r e e men i s t o p u t up t h i s

roof.

and one e a c h a t t h e in g tak e s p la c e .

The m e t h o d o f e r e c t i n g

it

statio n ed

at

crew

the rid g e b o a rd

We w i l l d e a l w i t h a l o w p i t c h e d r o o f t h a t

a c t as a s c a f f o l d

p itch ed ro o fs

stu d en t of carp en try .

two o u t s i d e p l a t e s w h e r e t h e a c t u a l n a i l ­

m ull en ab le you to p la c e to

such a ro o f

c o n sid e re d th e m ost e f f i c i e n t One man i s

to ­

2x 12” p l a n k s upon t h e

in e rectin g

is n e ce ssa ry to

a gable r o o f .

c eilin g

jo ist

In hig h

co n stru ct a sc a ffo ld

to

e n a b le you to r e a c h th e r i d g e b o a rd . DIRECTIONS: 1.

How t o

erect ra fte rs

on a p;able r o o f .

Secure s u f f i c i e n t p la n k in g to p ro v id e s u r f a c e on t h e

ceilin g

s a f e m ralk in g

j o i s t alo n g the le n g th of th e

rid g e p o le. 2.

Lean c u t r a f t e r s p late

ag ain st b u ild in g a t

e a c h p o s i t i o n on

s o t h e y m ay b e e a s i l 3r r e a c h e d , b y t h e man on t h e

p late . 3.

S elect four s tra ig h t r a f te rs p lace

If.

f o r gable

ends.

Always

c ro w n s i d e u p .

I f r i d g e b o a r d i s made u p s e v e r a l p i e c e s p i e c e by p i e c e u n t i l

i n s t a l l roof

end o f house i s r e a c h e d .

97 5>.

W ail f i r s t

le n g th o f r id g e b o a rd to f i r s t

6.

Make s u r e r a f t e r

is

rafte r.

f l u s h w i t h e n d o f r i d g e b o a r d on

t h e p r o p e r m ark and ev en w i t h the t o p o f th e r i d g e b o a r d . 7.

N a il, a n o t h e r on t h e same s i d e o f t h e r i d g e b o a r d b u t about fiv e

8.

spaces

away.

R aise th e s e r a f t e r s a t th e b o tto m f i t s

9. 10.

T oe n a i l P lace

u n til

seat

c u t a t th e bottom f i t s

a t the p la te .

t h e m i n p l a c e w i t h 16 p e n n y n a i l s .

o p p o site r a f t e r s

on t h e o t h e r s i d e

of the r id g e ­

board. 11.

W ail them i n p l a c e

12.

R aise

at th e

seat

cu t.

or low er rid g e b o a rd u n t i l r a f t e r s m eet e v en ly a t

top of b o a rd . 13.

W ail t h r o u g h r i d g e b o a r d o r t o e n a i l t o r i d g e b o a r d .

lip.

Plumb an d b r a c e t h i s

sectio n to

15.

W ail r e s t o f r a f t e r s

in th is

16 .

N a i l one r a f t e r on a s i d e an d t h e

c eilin g

sectio n

jo ist.

in p lace.

corresponding r a f t e r

on t h e o t h e r s i d e . 17.

N a il bottom end o f r a f t e r f i r s t

to provide a s t r a i g h t e r

rid g e. 18.

A strin g

s t r e tc h e d alo n g th e o u ts id e

w ill aid in 19.

l i n i n g up t h e t a i l s

Move t o o t h e r e n d o f b u i l d i n g

if

of th e r a f t e r

of the r a f t e r s . tyro s e c t i o n s

of rid g e­

board are used. 20.

N ail o u tsid e r a f t e r

tail

to o u te r edge o f r id g e b o a rd .

98 21.

N ail an o th er r a f t e r

on same s i d e

of rid g e board near

cen ter of rid g e . 22.

R aise

in p o s i t i o n and p la c e

p o s itio n ag ain st

in sid e

end o f r i d g e

e r e c t e d r i d g e b o a rd and n a i l

to

its

in p o s it­

io n . 23.

N a il o p p o site gable r a f t e r

2l|_.

P lace r a f t e r

25.

E re c t b alan ce of r a f t e r s

26.

Brace this end of roof in proper position.

27.

S tre tc h a lin e

over rid g e

in p o s itio n and n a i l .

j o i n t and n a i l . in p o sitio n .

along rid g e and s t r a i g h t e n

out according­

ly* 28.

Sources: a.

W h e r e y o u may s e e a g a b l e r o o f b e i n g e r e c t e d :

Go v i s i t

a lo c a l b u ild in g

job and w atch a g a b le

ro o f b ein g e re c te d . ASSIGNMENTS:

L ab o rato ry e x e rc is e s

t h a t w i l l g iv e you th e

e x p e rie n c e n e c e s s a ry to e r e c t a g a b le r o o f . 1.

E r e c t a g a b l e r o o f o n a new h o u s e .

2.

Erect a roof on a practice house.

3.

E r e c t a r o o f on a m o d e l h o u s e .

EVALUATION:

A check fo r

s t u d e n t u s e on t h e e r e c t i o n

of a

g ab le r o o f . 1.

CHECK L I S T : a.

P la c e an X i n th e p r o p e r s p a c e .

YES NO ( )( } D id you have a l a r g e the

job?

enough s c a f f o l d

t o do

99 b.

( )(

) D id a l l y o u r r a f t e r s

come o u t t h e

same

length? c.

) Was y o u r r i d g e

d.

) D id you use y o u r s t r a i g h t e s t r a f t e r s ' a t th e

board s t r a i g h t ?

end o f y ou r house? e.

) D id y o u e r e c t one s e c t i o n

of the rid g e

at

a t ime ? f

.

) Are top

h.

the to p s of th e r a f t e r s of th e r id g e board?

) D id

youn a i l

the s e a t s

) Was

the rid g e board s t r a i g h t

was e r e c t e d ? x.

( )(

evenw ith th e

) Was t h e r i d g e l e v e l ?

securely? a f te r th e ro o f

100 JOB SHEET [p..

GABLE STUDDING.

HOW TO LAY OUT AND INSTALL GABLE STUDDING It

is necessary

o rd er to one,

seal

In th e

req u ires

to

c lo se

a ttic .

g re a t care

in th e ends of th e .g ab le in T h is o p e r a tio n ,

in

In sta lla tio n

th o u g h a sim ple

to p re s e rv e the

appearance of th e house. DIRECTIONS; 1.

How t o

Square a lin e

l a y o u t and i n s t a l l g a b le s t u d d i n g . across

the p la te

d i r e c t l y below t h e

c e n te r of th e g ab le. 2.

3.

I f a window o r v e n t I s

to be i n s t a l l e d ,

h a lf

o f th e o pening s iz e

lin e

a n d make a m a r k f o r t h e f i r s t s t u d .

S ta rtin g at to th e

on e a c h s i d e

m easure

of th e

one

cen ter

t h i s m ark l a y o u t t h e s p a c i n g l 6 ” on c e n t e r

o u tsid e

o f t h e b u i l d i n g on e a c h s i d e .

Ip.

S t a n d a 2xlp s t u d u p r i g h t on t h e

5.

P lace i t

a g a in st th e

sid e

f i r s t m ark

nearcen ter.

of th e g ab le r a f t e r

and

plumb

i t . 6.

M ark a c r o s s

th e edge of th e

s tu d a t th e u n d e rs id e of

th e r a f t e r . 7.

S t a n d a 2xl|_ a t t h e

8.

P lu m b a n d m a r k a s i n t h e f i r s t

9*

M easure th e d i f f e r e n c e

10.

seco n d m ark.

In le n g t h betw een th e

Make e a c h r e m a i n i n g s t u d p rec e e d in g one.

stu d .

th is d istan ce

two s t u d s .

s h o r t e r than., th e

101 11.

M a rk a l l r e m a i n i n g s t u d s .

12.

G u t two s t u d s

13.

N ail the

for

studs

th e r a f t e r s

each len g th ,

one f o r

each sid e of g ab le,

in p o s itio n flu s h w ith th e o u tsid e

of

and p l a t e .

lip.

f r a m e i n o p e n i n g i n t h e same m a n n e r a s y o u w o u l d a window',

15*

Sources: a.

W h e r e a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n may b e f o u n d ,

Go t o a n e w h o u s e u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d i n s p e c t g ab le

ASSIGNMENTS: g ab le

stu d d in g . E x ercise to

stu d s.

1.

In sta ll

2.

Cut th e g a b le s t u d s

3.

In sta ll

EVALUATION: 1.

e n a b le you to e x p e r t l y i n s t a l l

th e gab le

the gable

i n a new h o u s e .

in a p ra c tic e

studs

T. F . ()( ) I t

()(

stu d s.

P la ce an X in p ro p e r space f o r t r u e I s b e s t to

sta rt

g a b l e when l a y i n g b.

house.

in a m odel h o u se .

A s h o r t c h e c k on g a b l e

TRUE-FALSE: a.

stu d s

) It

is p referab le

a ll

the

In th e

out th e

stu d spacin g .

stu d s have been l a i d

() (

) You s h o u l d plumb t h e

d.

()(

) It

I s common p r a c t i c e ou tsid e

of the

t o l a y o u t an o p e n i n g a f t e r

c.

w ith th e

cen ter

or fa lse .

o u t.

studs b efo re to n a i l

of the r a f t e r

University of S o u th e rn California Lfferfef^

the

m arking. stu d s flu s h

and p l a t e .

102 JOB SHEET i|2 .

HIP AND VALLEY ROOFS

HOW TO LAY OUT AND GUT HIP AND VALLEY RAFTERS The h i p

and v a l l e y r o o f s

y e a r and a know ledge of ro o f is needed. cu ts

th e la y o u t and e r e c t i o n o f th e h ip

The m e t h o d o f s t e p p i n g o f f

o f h ip or v a lle y r a f t e r s

common r a f t e r ,

a r e b e c o m in g more p o p u l a r e a c h

is

the

very sim ila r

the p la te m eets

and

th a t of the

e x cep t t h a t th e u n i t o f ru n of th e h ip or

v a lle y r a f t e r I s g r e a t e r th a n the u n i t of run common r a f t e r .

to

len gth s

The common r a f t e r m e e t s

( 1 2 ,f) o n a

th e r i d g e b o a rd and

w hereas a h ip or v a lle y r a f t e r o t h e s e m e m b e r s a t a n a n g l e o f o t h e r t h a n .9 0 • We m u s t

cu t the

a t a 90° an g le ,

common r a f t e r s

to f i t

w herever th ey meet th e h ip

of

v alley r a f t e r . DIRECTIONS:

How t o l a y o u t a n d c u t h i p a n d v a l l e y r a f t e r s .

1.

D e te r m in e r u n and r i s e

2.

Cut s u f f i c i e n t

of r o o f .

common r a f t e r s

to

fram e i n a l l b u t th e

co rn e r sq u ares of the r o o f . 3.

Cut r i d g e b o a rd to

l e n g t h o f b u i l d i n g m inus t h e

span

of the b u ild in g . I)..

S e le c t p ro p er siz e hip r a f t e r

s to c k to

span c o rn e r of

roof. 5.

S cale

le n g th of hip

o f common r a f t e r . 6.

Add l e n g t h o f t a i l .

i n sa m e m a n n e r u s e d t o s c a l e

len g th

7.

P lace r i s e (17"

is

p e r f o o t on to n g u e o f s q u a r e and r u n on b o d y .

a lw a y s u s e d a s u n i t o f r u n p e r f o o t when l a y ­

ing hip or v a lle y r a f t e r s . ) 8.

Take an e q u a l num ber o f s t e p s u s i n g t h e s e f i g u r e s f o r each fo o t' of run in th e ro o f .

9.

The s e a t

c u t i s m a r k e d on t h e body a n d t h e plumb c u t

on t h e t o n g u e . 10.

Be s u r e t o

11.

The h i p r a f t e r w i l l f i t

12.

a l w a y s u s e 17 " a s t h e

i n t o th e a n g le s fo rm e d by th e

t h r e e common r a f t e r s ,

th erefo re

to

in

c u t t h e plumb l i n e

F irst for

deduct

u n it of run.

i t w i l l be n e c e ssa ry

several bevel

t h e I4.5?0 t h i c k n e s s

the r id g e b o ard t h ic k n e s s .

c u ts.

of th e r i d g e , ( U s u a l l y It?"

to allo w

is

deducted

f o r m ost p i t c h e s . ) 13•

Mark a l i n e p a r a l l e l care

lJ|.

to t h e

To c u t b e v e l o r

u n it of run.

cheek cut

it

is

n e c e s s a r y to m ea su re

per fo o t of

run

and th e

(17n )

L ay t h e s q u a r e on t o p e d g e o f h i p r a f t e r u n it of run

16 .

take

of t h i s d e d u c tio n .

th e d ia g o n a l betw een th e r i s e

l5«

o r i g i n a l plumb c u t to

(17")

on th e body in

and p la c e

the

c e n te r of r a f t e r .

P la c e th e d ia g o n a l m easurem ent found i n

s t e p lip o n t h e

tongue in c e n te r of r a f t e r . 17.

If

tongue i s n o t lo n g enoughf o r any of t h e s e

m en ts d i v i d e b o t h num bers

in

h alf.

m easure­

10 li.

18.

Mark a l o n g t o n g u e t o

19.

R everse square poin t a t

20.

c e n te r of board.

and draw l i n e

on o t h e r s i d e f o r m in g a

top o f r a f t e r .

M a rk p l u m b c u t down a l o n g e a c h s i d e

of r a f t e r

connect­

in g t o b e v e l c u t on to p edge o f r a f t e r . 21.

Use o r i g i n a l r i s e

p e r f o o t and u n i t of ru n

(1 7 n ) on

»

s q u a r e t o m ark plumb c u t s . 22.

Gut s e a t c u t s use r i s e rafte rs

23.

i n sa m e m a n n e r a s f o r

common r a f t e r s

p e r f o o t on to n g u e and u n i t o f r u n f o r h i p (17” ) .

To b a c k o f f a h i p r a f t e r

in o rd e r to re c e iv e th e

r a f t e r y ou m ust draw a c e n t e r l i n e s to c k 1 5 / 8 ” w ide. fo r hip r a f t e r

Then u s i n g

the u n i t p er f o o t of ru n

o n t h e b o d y and t h e r i s e

2l|_.

o u t s i d e edge and r e v e r s e

Use t h e s e a n g l e s

jack

alo n g a p ie c e of

p er fo o t of run

on t h e t o n g u e , m a r k a l o n g t h e t o n g u e f r o m t h e to

but

cen ter

square fo r o th e r sid e .

as a p a t t e r n

and p la n e o f f

top of h ip

r a f t e r w ith a p la n e .

25.

If

^pan i s

in uneven f e e t i t

th e n e c e s s a ry p o r tio n th e l a s t

26.

of the l a s t u n i t of run

take

( 1 7 ” ) on

step .

Take one m ore f u l l square,

w ill be n e c e ssa ry to

step

tak e p o r t i o n of

quired le n g th is

on r a f t e r ,

m ark a lo n g body o f

s t e p a n d m ove b o d y u n t i l r e ­

e v e n w i t h m a r k , m ake a l i n e

to n g u e and plumb c u t i s

lo cated .

alo n g

27.

V alley r a f t e r s one h a l f

are la id

inch is

out in the

su b tracted fo r

same m a n n e r b u t o n l y

th e th ic k n e ss

o f the

rid g e board. 28.

Sources:

W here t o o b t a i n

ad d itio n al

i n f o r m a t i o n on

h ip r a f t e r s . a.

Go t o a l o c a l

ASSIGNMENTS:

job a n d i n s t p e c t h i p r a f t e r s

S tu d en t p r o je c ts

to g a in ex p erien ce

in p lace.

in layin g

o u t and c u t t i n g h i p and v a l l e y r a f t e r s . 1.

L a y o u t 8- h i p . r a f t e r f o r

2.

Lay o u t th e h i p r a f t e r s

3.

P ractice

a new h o u s e . for

lay in g out r a f t e r s

a proposed house. of d if f e r e n t p itc h e s

and

runs. EVALUATION: 1.

A check f o r th e

TRUE-FALSE: a.

P la c e an X

T. F . ( )( ) I t

( )(

in proper

is b e st to sc a le

s e le c t h ip b.

lay o u t of h ip

and v a l l e y r a f t e r s

space fo r

t r u e or f a l s

le n g th of r a f t e r s

to

sto ck .

) Y ou s h o u l d u s e a d i f f e r e n t u n i t o f r u n

when

lay in g out h ip r a f t e r s . c.

( )(

) The f i g u r e

17” i s

g e n e r a lly used as th e u n i t

o f r u n whe n l a y i n g o u t h i p r a f t e r s . d.

( )(

) You g e n e r a l l y a p p l y t h e same m e t h o d i n out hip r a f t e r s common r a f t e r s .

a s y o u u s e wh en l a y i n g

lay in g out

io6 e.

{)(

) You s h o u l d of the rid g e

d e d u c t one h a l f to a llo w fo r

t h e I|_5>° t h i c k n e s s

th e

size

of the

rid g e . f.

( )(

) It

is

w ise t o d iv id e

t h e f r a m i n g members i n

h a l f when t h e y become t o o l a r g e

to p l a c e

on

th e ton g u e. g.

( )(

) You s h o u l d o n l y s u b t r a c t o n e h a l f lay ing out

v alley r a f te r s

n ess of rid g e board.

to

i n c h when

allo w f o r

th ick ­

107 JOB SHEET 1+3.

JACK RAFTERS

HOW TO LAY OUT AMD CUT JACK RAFTERS H ip p late

to

ween t h e

jack r a f t e r s

t h a t e x te n d from th e

th e h ip r a f t e r

and fo rm t h e

tw o.

s e a t e d o n ' the p l a t e

They a r e

a s a common r a f t e r

and t h i s

a s a common r a f t e r . rafte r;

are tho se r a f t e r s

cut is

The p l u m b c u t

tria n g u la r

laid is

in the

same m a n n e r

out in th e

sam e m a n n e r

also

b u t due t o t h e a n g l e where, t h e

the

same a s a common

jack m eets t h e h i p ,

is

n e c e ssa ry to b ev el the

c u t.

to

in su re th e

a t the i n t e r s e c t i o n

correct f i t

spaces b e t­

it

You m u s t c u t v e r y a c c u r a t e l y of th e

tw o

rafte rs. DIRECTIONS;

How to lay out and cut jack rafters.

1.

L a y o u t a common r a f t e r s .

2.

The l e n g t h o f t h e f i r s t distan ce

from th e p o i n t

jack r a f t e r in the

seat

is

e q u a l to t h e

cut to

the secon d

s t e p t a k e n w hen l a y i n g o u t a common r a f t e r . 3.

The l e n g t h o f t h e

th ird

jack i s

eq u al to th e

six th

step

jack is

equal to

six th

step

o n a common r a f t e r . k.

The l e n g t h o f

the t h i r d

o f a common r a f t e r 5.

6.

and e t c .

T he p l u m b b e v e l c u t i s n e x t l a i d p o i n t from t h e To c u t t h e rafter

seat

th e

out

a t the f a r t h e r e s t

cu t.

c h e e k c u t p l a c e t h e u n i t o f r u n f o r a common

(12")

on t h e b o d y o f t h e

s q u a r e and th e

len g th

108 per fo o t of run f o r

a common r a f t e r ,

t o n g u e m ark on o u t s i d e 7.

lip 3 / 8 "

edge o f tongue f o r

The p l u m b c u t i s m a r d e d a c r o s s . t h e f a c e the r a f t e r

f r o m e a c h end- o f t h e

lin e

on th e

cheek c u ts .

of each sid e of

j u s t draw n f o r

the

cheek c u t. 8 . _ Use t h e

same f i g u r e s

u s e d to d raw t h e plumb c u t on a

common r a f t e r , 9. 10.

Lay o u t and c u t j a c k r a f t e r s Make s u r e t h e

cheek cu ts

in p a ir s .

a r e drawn i n o p p o s i t e d i r e c t ­

i o n s f r o m e a c h o t h e r o n t h e tw o r a f t e r s . 11.

Lay o u t a r i g h t an d l e f t

jack f o r each le n g th needed.

12.

Y ou may c h e c k l e n g t h s

jack r a f t e r s

of

t h i r d row o f y o u r r a f t e r 13.

C h e c k c u t s may a l s o rafter

li)..

on y o u r s q u a r e s .

be f o u n d on t h e s i x t h r o w o f y o u r

tab les.

V alley jack r a f t e r s

e x t e n d f r o m t h e r i d g e b o a r d down t o

the v a lle y r a f t e r .

You f i n d t h e

m a n n e r a s y o u do h i p 15.

tab le

by u s in g the

len g th s

in

t h e sa m e

jack r a f t e r s .

Cut t h e plumb c u t o f t h e

v alley

j a c k i n t h e same m an n e r

a s y o u do a common r a f t e r . 16 .

You l a y o u t t h e la y in g out the

17.

Lay o u tv a l l e y one f o r

18.

Sources:

the

c h e e k c u t i n t h e sa m e m a n n e r a s u s e d i n cheek c u t f o r th e h ip r a f t e r . jacks

in p a irs,

one f o r t h e r i g h t and

left.

W here t o g a i n a d d i t i o n a l

i n f o r m a t i o n on th e

109 In sta lla tio n a.

jack r a f t e r s .

Go t o a l o c a l j o b a n d i n s p e c t

ASSIGNMENTS:

L ab o rato ry exp erien ce

come p r o f i c i e n t i n 1.

of

cu ttin g

Cut ja c k r a f t e r s

to

jack r a f t e r enable

In sta lla tio n .

s tu d e n t to b e ­

jack r a f t e r s .

f o r a h i p and v a l l e y r o o f t o be e r e c t e d

o n a new h o u s e . 2.

Cut j a c k r a f t e r s

fo r a p ra c tic e house.

3.

Cut ja c k r a f t e r s

fo r d iffe re n t p itch es

EVALUATION: 1.

A q u i c k c h e c k on c u t t i n g

TRUE-FALSE: a.

P lace an X in p ro p e r

T. F . ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d f i n d t h e v alley

b.

( )(

)

jack r a f t e r s

is

the

jack r a f t e r s . space f o r tru e

le n g th of hip in the

T he p l u m b c u t o n v a l l e y rafters

and r u n s .

or fa ls e .

ja c k and

same m a n n e r .

jacks

a n d common

same.

c.

( )(

) It

is

b e s t to

cut

jacks

in p a irs.

d.

( )(

) It

is

w ise to

consult r a f t e r tab les

to

lay in g out fig u re s. e.

( )(

)

You s h o u l d s u b t r a c t r i d g e jack r a f t e r s .

t h ic k n e s s from

check

110 JOB SHEET I|4-

HIP ROOF ERECTION

HOW TO ERECT A HIP ROOF The f i n a l is

step

in

the la y o u t

th e assem b lin g of th e p a r t s

in th e i r p ro p er p o s itio n . if

and p l a c in g

Much t i m e

and n a i l i n g

them

a n d m on ey may b e s a v e d

you c an a v o i d u n n e c e s s a r y m ovem ents a n d o p e r a t i o n s .

purpose of t h is u n it is can e r e c t

to

How t o e r e c t

The

s e t up a p ro c e d u re w hereby you

a h ip ro o f w ith the l e a s t

DIRECTIONS: 1.

and e r e c t i n g o f a h i p r o o f

amount o f w a s t e d e f f o r t .

a hip r o o f .

D eterm in e th e p ro p e r s iz e

a n d n u m b e r o f common, v a l l e y ,

and ja c k r a f t e r s . 2.

S elect s tra ig h t,

sound s to c k f o r a l l

3.

Eay o u t th e

ij_.

C u t common r a f t e r s .

common r a f t e r s .

5>.

Lay

out the hip r a f t e r s .

6.

Cut

the h ip r a f t e r s .

7.

Back o f f h ip

rafters.

8.

Lay

out jack r a f t e r s

9.

Cut

out Jack r a f te r s .

10.

r o o f mem bers.

in

p a irs.

Make t h e r i d g e b o a r d b y d e d u c t i n g t h e le n g th of the b u ild in g

span from th e

and deduct th e th ic k n e s s

o f the

rid g e board. 11.

Cut r i d g e b o a r d .

12.

Mark s i d e p l a t e s

alo n g each s id e

the l e n g th of t h e ru n ,

Ill m inus one h a l f t h e

t h ic k n e s s of th e r i d g e b o a rd , from

each corner of th e b u ild in g . 13.

P lace r id g e board a lo n g

one p l a t e w i t h r i d g e b o a r d

e x te n d in g betw een l i n e s

m arked i n fro m e a c h c o r n e r .

Ilf.

L a y o u t common r a f t e r s

15.

Remove r i d g e b o a r d a n d move t o o p p o s i t e p l a t e .

16 .

T r a n s f e r m arks to p l a t e

17.

E r e c t and b r a c e

a ll

th e

at

same a s i n a g a b l e r o o f .

common r a f t e r

common r a f t e r i n

d istan ce.

t h e sa m e m a n n e r

used in e r e c tin g a g ab le ro o f . 18.

B race t h i s

p o rtio n

of ro o f.

19•

L ocate

20.

E r e c t common r a f t e r

c e n t e r o f e a c h end o f b u ild in g ;.

to end o f r i d g e

a t e a c h end w ith plumb c u t

n a iled

b o a rd an d s e a t c u t i n c e n t e r of end o f

b u ild in g . 21.

P lace h ip

rafters

in

b u i l d i n g , m aking s u re

the c e n te r of th e

corners

o f the

c e n te r of hip r a f t e r b is e c ts 90°

an g le of co rn e r p l a t e s . 22.

Push s e a t a g a in s t

23.

Toe n a i l

rafter

corner of b u ild in g .

s e a t to p la te .

21}-.

N a i l plumb c u t a t a n g l e f o r m e d by t h e

two common r a f t e r s .

25*

M ark s p a c i n g f o r

corner

c o rn e r of th e 26.

j a c k on e a c h s i d e

of

at

each

b u ild in g .

Check t o s e e i f h i p o r v a l l e y r a f t e r

27.

Tack ja c k r a f t e r s ,

a p a ir a t a tim e.

28.

N a il s e a t cu ts f i r s t ,

cheeks second.

is

stra ig h t.

Do n o t n a i l h o m e .

112 29.

A fter

jacks are

th e h ip r a f t e r 30.

Sources: erectio n a.

V isit

in p lace,

d r i v e home n a i l s b u t k e e p

stra ig h t.

W here to g a i n v a l u a b l e

i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e

of a hip ro o f. a l o c a l house under c o n s t r u c tio n and in s p e c t

a hip ro o f. ASSIGNMENTS:

L a b o r a t o r y p r o j e c t where you can g a i n e x p e r i e n c e

in e re c tin g h ip r o o f s . 1.

CHECK L I S T : a.

P la c e an X in th e

proper space.

YES NO ( }( ) D id you c u t p r o p e r number o f e a c h t y p e r a f t e r ?

b.

( )(

) D id you s e l e c t a l l

c.

( )(

) Is

d.

( )(

) D id you a llo w f o r

stra ig h t

stock?

the h ip r a f t e r backed o ff? the

th ic k n ess

of the

r id g e board? e.

( )(

) Was y o u r r i d g e b o a r d t h e p r o p e r

length?

f .

( )(

) W ere y o u r r a f t e r

spaces

g.

() (

) Are y o u r r a f t e r s

2lplt o n c e n t e r ?

h.

( )(

) D id you t r a n s f e r m arks from r i d g e t o

correct?

the

op p o site p la te ? i.

( )( ) D id

your

e n d common r a f t e r s

j.

( ) ( ) D id

your

jack r a f t e r s

k.

( )(

) Is your hip

1.

( )( ) Are

m.

( )( ) D idyou t a c k

rafter

your r a f te r s

fit?

fit?

stra ig h t?

se c u re ly n ailed ?

jack r a f t e r s

i n p l a c e by p a i r s ?

113 JOB SHEET 1*5.

INTERSECTING ROOFS

HOW TO ERECT AN INTERSECTING ROOF The m o d e r n h o u s e o f t o d a y i s m an y p r o j e c t i o n s

in th e p ro p e r m anner.

p i t c h as t h i s

is

u su ally th e

Unequal p itc h ro o fs in te r s e c tin g roof is DIRECTIONS:

c o n s tru c te d w ith

from t h e m ain p o r t i o n o f t h e h o u s e .

t h e r e f o r e n e c e s s a r y to b e a b le to roofs

u su ally

How t o

are

case

erect

Is

th e v ario u s

We w i l l d e a l w i t h r o o f s

trea te d

tre a te d

in te rse ct

It

of equal

in the m a jo r ity of h o u se s.

In a s i m il a r m anner, b u t th e

lik e

a sep arate

an i n t e r s e c t i n g

one.

roof.

1.

F in d th e l e n g t h o f th e m ain r i d g e b o a rd .

2.

Cut r i d g e b o a rd and sp ace p l a t e s

and r i d g e b o a rd s f o r

common r a f t e r s . 3.

F in d l e n g t h o f i n t e r s e c t i n g r o o f by m e a s u rin g from th e o utside

of the p la te

cen ter lin e 1*.

lin e

of th e

p r o je c tio n to th e

o f t h e m ain b u i l d i n g .

D e d u c t one h a l f

the th ic k n e s s

o f th e r i d g e b o a rd from

th is. 5*

I f h i p r o o f i s u s e d on p r o j e c t i o n d e d u c t t h e r u n o f t h e common r a f t e r o n t h e p r o j e c t i o n r o o f r i d g e

6.

Cut- t h i s

rid g e board to

7.

Mark t h e

spacing f o r th e

rid g e board, 8.

board.

len g th . common a n d j a c k r a f t e r

a n d f o r common r a f t e r s

on th e

E r e c t common r a f t e r s a n d r i d g e b o a r d a s

in

on

th is

p late. a g ab le ro o f .

llif 9*

B race r id g e s

a n d h o l d them l e v e l .

10.

E rect v alley r a f te r s .

11.

I n s ta ll v a lley

12.

K e ep v a l l e y r a f t e r s

13*

If

a hip ro o f

on t h e 1 ip.

jacks

in p a ir s . stra ig h t.

is used i n s t a l l

h ip

and h i p

jackr a f t e r s

end o f p r o j e c t i o n s .

Sources:

W h ere t o

get a d d itio n a l

i n f o r m a t i o n on i n t e r ­

sectin g ro o fs. ASSIGNMENTS: the

J o b e x p e r i e n c e s w h e re y o u c a n g a i n a c t u a l on

job t r a i n i n g .

1.

C u t t h e f r a m i n g members f o r

2.

E r e c t a n i n t e r s e c t i n g r o o f i n a new h o u s e .

3-

C ut t h e f r a m i n g m embers f o r

EVALUATION: 1.

an i n t e r s e c t i n g r o o f .

A short

TRUE-FALSE: a.

c h e c k on i n t e r s e c t i n g r o o f s :

P lace

T. F . ( )( ) I t

is

a ro o f of a proposed house.

an X i n p r o p e r p l a c e f o r

tru e

or f a ls e .

b e s t to t r e a t an i n t e r s e c t i n g r o o f as

a sep arate ro o f. b.

( )(

) It

is

w ise to e r e c t th e g a b le

s e c tio n of the

roof f i r s t . c.

( )(

) It

is

g o o d p r a c t i c e t o s e c u r e l y b r a c e an

in te rse c tin g roof. d.

( )(

) You s h o u l d

m ake t h e r i d g e b o a r d t h e

le n g th as th e b u i ld i n g p r o j e c t i o n .

same

115 JOB SHEET ij-6.

ROOF SHEATHING

HOW TO LAY ROOF SHEATHING

The r o u g h s h e a t h i n g f o r m s

the fo u n d a tio n fo r

r o o f and t h e perform ance o f th e r o o f in g m a t e r i a l s upon th e p ro p e r a p p l i c a t i o n of th e sh eath in g fo r good g r a d e .

com p o sitio n of f a r If

tig h tn e ss

or shakes,

depends

sheath in g .

The u s u a l

and g r a v e l i s

1x6 o f a

a t i g h t e r r o o f i s w a n t e d T&G- i s

F o r wood s h i n g l e s

the f i n i s h e d

lxlj. s h e a t h i n g i s

also

used.

used. The

o f th e r o o f depends upon y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n of t h e

ro o f sh eath in g . DIRECTIONS: 1.

How t o

S e lec t th e

ap p ly ro o f s h e a t h i n g .

s t r a ig h t e s t m a te ria l fo r your s ta r tin g board.

2.

S tart

a t th e low er o r t a i l

end o f t h e r a f t e r .

3.

A pply

the f i r s t board c a r e f u lly

a n d make s u r e i t

is

stra ig h t. 1|_.

If

so lid

sid e 5*

If

6.

is

a gab le

a ll

the

On h i p r o o f s ,

r o o f y o u may c u t o v e r h a n g a t g a b l e

ceed in g

end

sh e a th in g has been a p p lie d . wh en a s k i l s a w

is

av ailab le

s e c t i o n o f t h e r o o f may b e c u t a l l

7.

s h e a t h i n g o v e r one

of ro o f a t the tim e.

It

after

sh e ath in g is used fac e n a il

to th e

On wood s h i n g l e

the

in te r­

a t once b e f o r e p r o ­

o th e r sid e. roofs,

overhang i n s o l i d l y

sh e e t th e g ab le

so t h e s h i n g l e s

o v e rh a n g and t a i l

w ill not

sh o w .

8.

P lace th e ten

Ixlf. s h e a t h i n g f o r

inch c e n te rs ,

sh in g le

sh in g les

on s i x ,

d e p e n d in g upon t h e

the

or

amount o f t h e

t o he e^iposed t o t h e w e a t h e r .

spacing is

e ig h t,

(T h e o n - c e n t e r

same a s t h e a m o u n t o f t h e

shingle

to

be e x p o sed .) 9.

P a c e n a i l a l l b o a r d s a n d d r a w t h e m t o g e t h e r so t h e o f the

10.

11.

size

cra ck s w i l l be m in im ized .

On g a b l e e n d s o f r o o f t h e f a l s e

r a f t e r s may b e n a i l e d

to th e overhanging

d r e s s up t h e e n d s .

Sources:

s h e a th in g to

W h ere t h e

s t u d e n t may i n s p e c t v a r i o u s t y p e s

of ro o f sh eath in g . a.

V isit

a lo c a l house under c o n s tr u c tio n and in s p e c t

so lid ro o f sheathin g . b.

In sp e c t the

sh eath in g ap p lied f o r sh in g le s

at a

l o c a l housing p r o j e c t . ASSIGNMENTS: ex p erien ce 1.

L a b o r a t o r y e x e r c i s e s where s t u d e n t w i l l g a i n

in la y in g v a rio u s

In sta ll

ty p es

of roof sheath in g .

t h e r o o f s h e a t h i n g f o r a c o m p o s i t i o n r o o f on

a new h o u s e . 2.

A pply th e s h e a t h i n g n e c e s s a r y to s h i n g l e

EVALUATION: 1.

A stu d en t

TRUE-FALSE: a.

a barn.

check on r o o f s h e a t h i n g .

P l a c e an X i n p r o p e r

space f o r tr u e

T. F . ( ) ( ) You s h o u l d s p a c e s h i n g l e

sh eath in g

or fa ls e .

t h e sa m e

117 d istan ce

a p a r t as

to b e exposed to b.

( )(

)It

is

b e s t to

shingle c.

( )(

)It

is

ta il

th e amount o f t h e s h i n g l e

the w e a th e r.

sh eath th e

roof in

g ab le

ends of th e r a f t e r s roof.

of a

so lid ly ."

n o t n e c e s s a r y f o r you to

shin g le

ends

s h e a th the

in s o lid ly fo r a

118 RESERVE SHELF L IS T (T hese books were u s e d i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h i s p ro ject erial 1.

and w i l l

for

se rv e as e x c e ll e n t r e f e r e n c e m at­

the s tu d e n t of c a r p e n t r y . )

*

'

B a u e r , Ed^/ard C . : C o . , New Y o r k ,

2.

P l a i n C o n c r e t e . M c G ra w -H ill Book

1936.

B urbank, N elson L .:

C a r p e n t r y and J o i n e r y W ork.

Siram ons-Boardm an P u b l i s h i n g C o r p . , 3.

B urbank, N elson L .:

New Y o r k ,

House C o n s t r u c t i o n D e t a i l s .

S i r a m o n s - B o a r d m a n P u b l i s h i n g C o r p . , New Y o r k , Ii.

D a lze ll,

J.

R a lp h .:

D urbahn, W a lte r E .: V ol.

6.

II.

and B u ild ers •and C o . , 7.

G riffith , Press,

8.

L air,

E. A .:

Ill

P a c ific

I 9 I4.8 .

C arpenters

and IV . Theo. A udel

C a r p e n t r y . The M a n u a l A r t s

Illin o is,

19*4-6*

C arpentry fo r

th e B u ild in g T ra d e s.

M c G r a w - H i l l B o o k C o . , New Y o r k , 9.

1 9 I4 8 .

I9I4-6.

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P eo ria,

C hicago,

a n d E m e r y , Thomas J . :

Guide V o l s .

New Y o r k ,

C hicago,

Fundam entals o f C a r p e n tr y .

A m erican T e c h n ic a l S o c i e t y ,

Graham, F r a n k D . ,

19^2.

B u ild in g T rades B lu e p rin t

R e a d in g . A m erican T e c h n ic a l S o c i e t y , 5.

1 9 ^4-0 .

Coast B u ild in g O f f i c i a ls

19U-7 C onference:

119 U n i f o r m B u i l d i n g C o d e , C o l l i n g P u b l i s h i n g Co. Los A n g e le s , 10.

Townsend, G i l b e r t , Jam es:

11.

19^4-9•

Townsend, G i l b e r t :

Townsend, S o ciety ,

13.

J.

S te e l Square.

C hicago,

G ilb ert: C hicago,

Underwood,

G .:

W ilson,

C arp en try .

15.

A m erican T e c h n ic a l

I9 I4 8 .

S ta n d a rd C o n s tr u c tio n M ethods.

J . D ouglas,

f i e d Roof F ra m in g . Y ork,

A m erican Tech­

1914-8*

M c G r a w - H i l l B o o k C o . , New Y o r k , ll|_.

R a l p h , McKinney,

How t o E s t i m a t e f o r t h e B u i l d i n g T r a d e s .

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D alzell,

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and W erner, S.

0 .:

S im p li­

M c G ra w -H ill Book C o . ,

New

I9 I4 8 .

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J . D ouglas,

p e n try M ath m atics.

and R o gers,

C l e l l M .:

M c G r a w - H i l l B ook C o . ,

1*9University of S o u th e rn California Library

C ar­ New Y o r k ,