A comparative study of selected social activity patterns of pupils of a certain junior high school

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OP SELECTED SOCIAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS OP PUPILS OF A CERTAIN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A T h e sis P re se n te d to th e F a c u l t y o f th e D e p artm en t of S o c io lo g y The U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r tia l F u lfillm e n t o f th e R e q u ire m e n ts f o r th e D egree M a ste r o f A rts

by R o b e r t L ove T a y l o r June 1950

UMI Number: EP65688

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D is s e rta fe n Publishing

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$ P* 1 6 9 , a s c i t e d i n G. M. G l o s s , o£ . c i t . , p . 25* ^ E d w in D . M a r t i n , ”A S t u d y o f A b s e n t e e s a n d A b s e n c e s i n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l , ” S c h o o l a n d S o c i e t y , M a r c h , 19^1-1 • 3 H a r o l d H. P u n k e , ” L e i s u r e Time A c t i v i t i e s o f H ig h S c h o o l S t u d e n t s , ” S c h o o l a n d S o c i e t y , 1^3t68i|-~888, 1936.

19 d im e n sio n s th a n th o s e r e c o g n iz e d i n la w * l O u ts ta n d in g g e n e r a l t e x t s

in th e f i e l d

o f a d o le sc e n c e

h a v e b e e n w r i t t e n b y B i o s ? C o l e , 3 a n d L a n d i s mb-

The f i r s t

tw o w r i t e r s p r e s e n t a p s y c h o l o g i c a l a p p r o a c h t o a d o l e s c e n c e , w h ile L a n d is p r e s e n t s co u rse,

a s o c io lo g ic a l ap p ro ach .

A nd, o f

t h e w o r k s o f T h r a s h e r , 5 S h a w , ^ W h y t e , 7 a n d Z o r b a u g h ,®

sta n d as c la s s ic s

i n th e g e n e r a l f i e l d

of s o c ia l d iso rg a n i­

z a tio n . II.

METHODOLOGY

As t o t h e p r o c u r e m e n t o f o b j e c t i v e d a t a ,

th e sch o o l

a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f W ils o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l and to p e x e c u ­ t i v e s o f c e r t a i n y o u th -s e r v in g a g e n c ie s m et i n c o n fe re n c e s e v e r a l t i m e s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e a im a n d s c o p e o f t h e s t u d y . ^ A u g u s t B. H o l l i n g s h e a d , E lm t o w n 1s Y o u t h (New Y o r k s Jo h n W ile y and S o n s, I n c . , 1 9 ^9 )• 2 p e t e r B i o s , The A d o l e s c e n t P e r s o n a l i t y D . A p p le t o n - C e n t u r y Com pany, I n c . , 19^-1 ) •

(New Y o rk

3 L u e lla C o le , P sy c h o lo g y o f A d o le sc e n c e P a r r a r and R i n e h a r t , I n c . , 1 9 l|2 ) .

(New Y o rk s

^ P a u l H. L a n d i s , A d o l e s c e n c e a n d Y o u th (New Y o r k s M c G r a w - H ill Book Com pany, I n c . , 19^-5) • 5 F r e d e r i c M. T h r a s h e r , The Gang ( C h i c a g o : U n i v e r s i t y o f C h ic a g o P r e s s , 1 9 2 7 ) . 6 C l i f f o r d R. S haw , D e l i n q u e n c y A r e a s U n i v e r s i t y o f C h ic a g o P r e s s , l 9 ^ 9 ) .

( C h ic a g o ::

^ W i l l i a m P . W h y te , S t r e e t C o r n e r S o c i e t y ( C h ic a g o t, U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s , 19if3T* 8 H a r v e y W• Z o r b a u g h , The G o l d C o a s t a n d t h e S lum (C h ic a g o : U n i v e r s i t y of C h icag o P r e s s , 1 9 2 9 )•

20

A te n ta tiv e

q u e s t i o n n a i r e e v o lv e d from t h e s e c o n f e re n c e s *

T h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e was p r e » t e s t e d o n n e a r l y f o r t y - f i v e p u p ils*

The p r e - t e s t r e v e a l e d t h a t t h e f o r m a t o f t h e q u e s ­

t i o n n a i r e was t o o d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e s u b j e c t s

t o com prehend,

a n d t h e r e f o r e h a d t o b e s i m p l i f i e d w hen i t w as r e c o n s t r u c t e d .* * * Homeroom t e a c h e r s w e r e a p p o i n t e d t o a d m i n i s t e r t h e q u e s tio n n a ire *

In an e f f o r t to o b ta in s ta n d a rd iz a tio n ,

th e

t e a c h e r s a t t e n d e d a c o n f e r e n c e d u r in g w h ic h t h e y w ere b r i e f e d on e a c h i t e m o f th e q u e s t i o n n a i r e . a d m in iste re d to

The q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w e r e

th e e n t i r e p u p i l e n r o llm e n t a t W ilso n J u n io r

H ig h S c h o o l o n May 2 5 , 19^-9*

An e f f o r t was m ade t h e f o l l o w ­

i n g d a y t o r o u n d up a n y a b s e n t e e s who w e r e m i s s e d .

A fifty

p e r c e n t ra n d o m s a m p l e n u m b e r i n g 5 5 0 s u b j e c t s was s e l e c t e d from th e c o m p le te d q u e s ti o n n a i r e s * To s u p p l e m e n t t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e i n f o r m a t i o n ,

th e

f o llo w in g in d e x e s w ere o b ta in e d fro m s c h o o l r e c o r d s f o r e a c h c h i l d i n th e sam p ler w o rk h a b i t s ,

e th n ic g roup,

tru a n c y , g ra d e s,

s tu d y

c la s sro o m c o o p e r a tio n , and h e a l t h c o n d itio n *

I n a d d i t i o n , p o l i c e r e c o r d s w ere ch eck ed to d e te r m in e w h ich c h i l d r e n h ad b e e n booked and f o r w hat ty p e o f o f f e n s e th e y had been booked.

The S o c i a l S e r v i c e E x c h a n g e r e c o r d s w e r e

a l s o c h e c k e d t o d e te r m in e w h ich c h i l d r e n o r f a m i l i e s

of th e

c h i l d r e n h a d r e c e i v e d s e r v i c e f r o m some s o c i a l a g e n c y .

^ The f i n a l A p p e n d i x A*

d r a f t o f th e q u e s tio n n a ir e a p p e a rs in

21

The q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w e r e t h e n n u m b e r e d a n d e d i t e d . E d i t i n g w as l i m i t e d t o e l i m i n a t i n g o b v i o u s e r r o r s r e s u l t i n g fro m m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f ite m s on th e p a r t o f th e s u b j e c t s . The q u e s t i o n n a i r e i t e m s a n d t h e v a r i o u s and t r a n s f e r r e d

in d e x e s w ere c o d e d

to I.B .M . c a r d s and v e r i f i e d f o r a c c u ra c y *

The d a t a w e r e t a b u l a t e d m e c h a n i c a l l y a n d b r o k e n down b y a g e , s e x , an d e t h n i c gro u p * An i m p o r t a n t f i n d i n g w as m ade w hen a n e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e a g e b r e a k down r e v e a l e d t h a t f o r a l l p r a c t i c a l p u r p o s e s t h e r e w ere no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n ag e g ro u p s w i t h ­ i n e th n ic a n d s e x g ro u p in g s w ith r e g a r d s t o a c t i v i t y p a t t e r n s * H o w e v e r, i n c e r t a i n c a t e g o r i e s o f a g e g r o u p s ,

i t m u s t be

n o t e d t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f c a s e s was t o o s m a l l t o b e s t a t i s t i ­ c a lly re lia b le *

The g r e a t m a j o r i t y

(85*ij-5 P©r c e n t )

o f th e

c h i l d r e n w ere b e tw e e n th e a g e s o f t h i r t e e n an d f i f t e e n y e a r s o l d w i t h t h e m e a n a g e o f a l l t h e c h i l d r e n b e i n g 1 3 *7 3 y e a r s * T h e r e f o r e , a g e w as e l i m i n a t e d a s a

f a c t o r , and th e

g r o u p e d b y s e x a n d e t h n i c g r o u p o n ly *

d a ta w ere

The t r e a t m e n t o f

th e

d a t a was s t a t i s t i c a l * The b a c k g r o u n d d a t a f o r t h i s

s tu d y w ere o b t a i n e d by

m eans o f i n t e r v i e w s w i t h s o c i a l w o r k e r s , p o lic e and ju v e n ile a u t h o r i t i e s , je c ts

th e m se lv e s*

school a u th o ritie s ,

a n d i n some c a s e s t h e s u b ­

T hese d a t a w ere s u p p le m e n te d by p e r s o n a l

o b s e rv a tio n s o v e r th e p e r io d of a year* t h e 19lj.O U n i t e d S t a t e s C e n s u s w i t h d a t a a r e now t e n y e a r s o l d *

A l s o u s e w as m ade o f

due r e c o g n i t i o n

t h a t th e se

CHAPTER I I I

THE FINDINGS, PART I s

SOME SCHOOL-CENTERED

SOCIAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS C o m p o sltio n of th e s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n *

The c o m p o s i ­

t i o n o f t h e s a m p le p o p u l a t i o n o f W i l s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l is

g iv e n i n T a b le I*

An e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e " t o t a l s a m p l e ”

i n d i c a t e s t h a t 5^*00 p e r c e n t o f th e p u p i l s w ere N egro, 32#5l|- p e r c e n t w e r e M e x i c a n , 8 * 5 5 p e r c e n t w e r e J a p a n e s e , 3*ij-6 p e r c e n t w e r e C h i n e s e a n d 1*1|5 p e r c e n t w e re A ng lo* The o n l y m a r k e d d e v i a t i o n f r o m t h e e x p e c t e d h a l f a n d h a l f sex r a tio

o c c u r s i n t h e A n g lo g r o u p w h e r e i n s e v e n g i r l s a n d

one b o y a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e s a m p le * reco rd s d isc lo se d th a t th is i s A n g lo g i r l s

t o A n g lo boys*

A check o f sch o o l

about th e c o r r e c t r a t i o

T h ere i s

of

no r e a d y e x p l a n a t i o n

fo r th is d iffe re n c e * S i n e e t h e A n g lo b o y s w e r e r e p r e s e n t e d b y o n l y on e c a s e , t h i s g r o u p was d r o p p e d f r o m f u r t h e r

c o n s id e ra tio n *

In

t a b l e s tw o t h r o u g h t w e n t y , t h e s p a c e t h a t o r d i n a r i l y w o u ld b e a l l o t e d t o t h i s g r o u p w i l l be o c c u p i e d b y t h e c h a r a c t e r ­ istic s

of th e

t o t a l s a m p le *

T h i s w i l l m ake i t

co n v e n ie n t to

com pare t h e v a r i o u s s u b - g r o u p i n g s w i t h th e t o t a l sam p le* The N e g r o a n d M e x ic a n e t h n i c g r o u p s w i l l n e c e s s a r i l y b e g i v e n m o re e m p h a s i s i n t h i s

stu d y b e c a u se of th e r e l a t i v e l y

l a r g e num ber o f c a s e s i n t h e s e g ro u p s*

Ar$r c o n c l u s i o n s

TABLE I

COMPOSITION OP THE SCHOOL POPULATION OF WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N eg ro

Mexic a n

Japanese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

T o ta l

2k 8*96

8 2*99

7 2 . 6l

268 1 0 0 .0 0

23 8 .1 6

11 2*90

1 .3 5

282 1 0 0 .0 0

?■? 3*14-6

8 145

550 1 0 0 .0 0

G irls 82 30*59

Number Per cen t

Boys Number Per cent

150 5 3 .1 9

97 3 4 .4 0

T o t a l sam p le Number Per cent

297 5 4 .o o

17? 3 2 .5 4

47 8 .5 5

NOTE: A H c o m p u t a t i o n s f o r t h i s s t u d y a r e b a s e d o n a 5 0 p e r c e n t ra n d o m s a m p l e o f t h e t o t a l s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n o f th e j u n i o r h ig h s c h o o l u n d e r c o n s id e ra tio n *

d r a w n r e g a r d i n g t h e O r i e n t a l o r A n g lo g r o u p s m u s t t a k e i n t o c o n s id e ra tio n th e

s m a ll num ber o f c a s e s p r e s e n t i n th e s e

g roups• C a n te e n p a r t i c i p a t i o n .

A t t h e t i m e t h i s s t u d y was

m a d e , t h e C a n t e e n a t W i l s o n C e n t e r o p e r a t e d tw o a f t e r n o o n s a n d tw o e v e n i n g s a w e e k .

The p u p i l s e n g a g e d i n v a r i o u s t y p e s

o f r e c r e a t i o n su c h as d a n c in g ,

c a rd and c h e c k e r gam es, and

p in g pong.

t h a t 33*65 p e r c e n t o f th e

T a b le I I i n d i c a t e s

p u p i l s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e C a n t e e n p r o g r a m t o som e d e g r e e . T he a v e r a g e p a r t i c i p a n t w e n t t o t h e c a n t e e n 3* 7 7 t i m e s a m o n th .1 F irs t,

c o n s id e rin g th e g i r l s ,

d iffe re n c e s in p a r t ic i ­

p a t i o n b e tw e e n th e f i v e e t h n i c g ro u p s can b e s t be d e te r m in e d b y c o m p u t i n g a ,ff i v e b y tw o M c h i s q u a r e . ^ p o s its

th e n u l l h y p o t h e s is t h a t i s

T h is p ro c e d u re

t e s t e d by d e v ia tio n s of

o b t a i n e d f r e q u e n c i e s from e x p e c te d f r e q u e n c i e s . u s in g t h e num ber o f p a r t i c i p a n t s

T h erefo re,

an d t h e num ber o f n o n - p a r t i c ­

i p a n t s w i t h i n e a c h o f th e f i v e e t h n i c g ro u p s as c a t e g o r i e s , c h i s q u a r e e q u a l s 2 6 *5 1 *

I t i s re a so n a b ly s a fe

t o a ssu m e

1 A l l a v e r a g e s i n th e r e m a in in g t a b l e s a r e m eans and a r e c o m p u te d u s i n g o n l y t h e a c t u a l p a r t i c i p a n t s i n a n a c t i v ­ ity . & C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r g r o u p s a s s m a l l a s t h e C h i n e s e a n d A n g l o s m u s t be i n t e r p r e t e d s o m ew h at on t h e c o n ­ se rv a tiv e s id e . D eg rees o f freed o m f o r th e g i r l s e q u a ls f o u r , an d d e g r e e s o f freed o m f o r th e boys e q u a ls t h r e e .

TABLE I I

WILSON CENTER CANTEEN PARTICIPATION BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N egro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

1 0 0 .0 0

l l * .2 7 8 5 .7 3

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

G irls P e rc e n ta g e 1*5 • 58 P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts £i*.i*2 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e 1 0 0 .0 0 T o ta l A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

2i*.l*o 7l*.39 1 .2 1 1 0 0 .0 0

3*88

9 5 .8 3 4*17 1 0 0 .0 0

1 .0 0

3 .0 5

T o ta l S am p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts 1*6.00 No n - p a r t i c i p a n t s 51*. 00 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l 1 0 0 .0 0 A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

1*.00

2 6 .8 1 7 3 .1 9

8 .7 0 9 1 .3 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .6 5

2 .5 0

.

3 3 .6 5 6 5 .8 1 •5k 1 0 0 .0 0 3 .7 7

w ith a c h i sq u are t h i s la r g e

th a t r e a l d iffe re n c e s

th a n ehan ce d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t b e tw een th e a s p e r t a i n s t o C an te e n p a r t i c i p a t i o n * g irls ,

it

is

f iv e e th n ic groups

F u rth e r a n a ly z in g th e

s e e n t h a t lj.5*58 P®*4 c e n t o f t h e N e g r o e s p a r t i c ­

i p a t e d a s a g a i n s t 2l|..lj.Q p e r c e n t o f t h e M e x ic a n s * d if f e r e n c e o f 2 1 .1 8 p e r c e n t y i e l d s a t r a t i o i s s ig n i f i c a n t a t th e T h erefo re,

T h is

o f 3 * l6 w h ic h

one p e r c e n t l e v e l o f s i g n i f i c a n c e . ^

th e re is l i t t l e

chance t h a t t h i s d iff e r e n c e i s

t o e r r o r s i n ra n d o m s a m p l i n g *

du e

N o ta b le by t h e i r a b se n c e fro m

th e C a n te e n w ere t h e J a p a n e s e a n d C h in e s e g i r l s * g irls

o th e r

The N e g ro

a t t e n d e d t h e C a n t e e n m o re f r e q u e n t l y t h a n d i d t h e

M e x ic a n g i r l s ;

t h e a v e r a g e m o n t h l y p a r t i c i p a t i o n w as 3 * 8 8 a n d

3*05 tim e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y * F o l l o w i n g t h e same p r o c e d u r e i n a n a l y z i n g t h e p a r t i e s i p a t i o n o f th e boys by p o s i t i n g a n u l l h y p o th e s is a s to th e d iffe re n c e s in p a r tic ip a tio n s q u a re e q u a ls l 6 . 8l .

of th e f o u r e t h n i c g r o u p s , c h i

The d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n e t h n i c g r o u p s

a r e t h e r e f o r e v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t ev en th o u g h th e y a r e n o t a s p ronounced as i n th e case o f th e g i r l s *

A g re a te r p e rc e n t­

a g e o f t h e N e g r o b o y s t h a n t h e M e x ic a n b o y s a t t e n d e d t h e C a n te e n ;

t h e p e r c e n t a g e s w e r e !|_6.00 a n d 2 6 * 8 1 , r e s p e c t i v e l y .

T h is d i f f e r e n c e w h ich i s

o f 1 9 * 1 9 P®r c e n t y i e l d s a t r a t i o

very s ig n if ic a n t*

o f 3*05

h ik e th e O r i e n t a l g i r l s ,

m ost of

^ The t t e s t i s a t y p e o f c r i t i c a l r a t i o t h a t t a k e s i n t o a c c o u n t t h e num ber o f c a s e s i n e a c h g r o u p .

th e O r ie n ta l boys d id n o t a tte n d th e C a n te e n .

The N e g ro

b o y s who a t t e n d e d t h e C a n t e e n w e n t s l i g h t l y m o re o f t e n t h a n d i d t h e M e x ic a n b o y s . W ith in e th n ic g ro u p s ,

t h e r e a r e a p p a r e n t l y no s i g n i f i ­

c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s i n C a n te e n p a r t i c i p a t i o n ;

t h e N e g ro b o y s

p a r t i c i p a t e d a b o u t a s m u ch a s t h e N e g ro g i r l s ,

a n d t h e M exi­

c a n b o y s p a r t i c i p a t e d a b o u t a s m u ch a s t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s . W ilso n C e n te r c lu b p a r t i c i p a t i o n .

T a b le I I I

in d ic a te s

t h a t 40*73 p e r c e n t o f th e p u p i l s i d e n t i f i e d th e m s e lv e s w i t h some W i l s o n C e n t e r c l u b a c t i v i t y sh ip *

t h a t h a d a d e f i n i t e m em ber­

The a v e r a g e p a r t i c i p a n t b e l o n g e d t o 1 * 6 3 c l u b s a n d

p a r t i c i p a t e d 5 * 8 6 t i m e s a m onth* C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u s in g p a r t ic ip a n ts

and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n th e f i v e e t h n i c g ro u p s as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s a v e r y s i g n i f i c e n t 12.4© *

It

i s n o te w o rth y

t h a t 87*50 p e r c e n t o f t h e C h in e se g i r l s b e lo n g e d t o a t l e a s t , one W i l s o n C e n t e r c l u b .

T h is a p p a re n t d e v i a t i o n fro m th e ex­

p e c t e d p a t t e r n o f s h y n e s s on t h e p a r t o f t h e C h i n e s e c a n b e e x p la in e d by th e p r e s e n c e o f a s p e c i a l W ilso n C e n te r c lu b t h a t w as d e s i g n e d e s p e c i a l l y f o r t h e C h i n e s e g i r l s .

About 6 0 .5 4

p e r c e n t o f t h e N e g ro g i r l s b e l o n g e d t o some c l u b , w h i l e o n l y 4 ^ * 6 8 p e r c e n t o f t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s b e l o n g e d . d iffe re n c e ra tio

T h is

o f 17*86 p e r c e n t y i e l d s a v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t t

o f 2*59*

The d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e N e g r o g i r l s

an d

28

TABLE I I I

PARTICIPATION IN WILSON CENTER CLUBS BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N e g ro

Mexic a n

G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts 6 0 .5 k if2 .6 8 N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts 39*4-6 57*32 N ot a s c e r t a i n a b l e _______ T o ta l 100*00 1 0 0 .0 0 A verage num ber o f clu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

Japanese

C h in ©se

58*33 Ij-1 • 67

87*50 12 *50

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2 8 .5 7 71*4-3 _ _ 1 0 0 .0 0

A n g lo

1 .7 8

1*51

1*7 9

1 .8 6

2 .0 0

6 .3 9

4*^4

7* 0 7

6.1f0

5*00 T o ta l *e

P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts 31*33 21*65 N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts 0 8 .6 7 7 8 .3 5 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e _______ _______

30*ifk o9*5o _______

1 8 .1 8 8 1 .8 2 _______

ifO .73 5>9*27 _______

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

T o ta l

1 0 0 .0 0

A verage num ber o f c lu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

l.if3

l* lf3

1* 59

1 .0 0

I .6 3

ip* 6 6

5*&9

1 0 .6 0

if. 00

5*86

th e C h in e se g i r l s y i e l d s a t r a t i o

o f o n l y 1 *5 3 w h i c h j u s t

la c k s s ig n if ic a n c e a t th e f iv e p e r c e n t le v e l b ecau se o f th e r e l a t i v e l y s m a ll num ber o f c a s e s i n th e C h in e se g r o u p . A n g lo s a p p e a r t o h av e b e e n th e m o st n e g l e c t e d g ro u p .

The M o st

o f t h e o t h e r g i r l s who p a r t i c i p a t e d b e l o n g e d t o o n e o r tw o c lu b s and a t t e n d e d m e e tin g s o v e r once a w eek. g irls

The N e g ro

a t t e n d e d t h e f u n c t i o n s c o n s i d e r a b l y m o re o f t e n t h a n

d i d t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s . C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r tic ip a n ts w ith in th e f o u r e t h n ic groups as c a te ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s 3*37 w h ic h i s n o t s i g n i f i c a n t .

I t appears

t h a t a s f a r as W ilso n C e n te r c lu b p a r t i c i p a t i o n i s

con cerned,

t h e b o y s may b e c o n s i d e r e d t o be a m o re o r l e s s h o m o g e n e o u s g ro u p , e v e n th o u g h t h e r e i s a s tr o n g s u s p i c i o n t h a t can boys,

as i n

th e

c a s e o f th e M e x ic a n g i r i s ,

s tro n g p a r t ic ip a to r s .

t h e M e x i­

w ere n o t

The d i f f e r e n c e o f 9 * 6 8 p e r c e n t b e ­

t w e e n t h e N e g ro b o y s a n d t h e M e x ic a n b o y s y i e l d s a n i n s i g n i f ­ ic a n t t r a tio

o f 1 . 6 ij..

The d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e N e g r o b o y s

and t h e C h in ese

boys y ie ld s a t r a t io

in g i s

t h a t b o th boy and g i r l

th e f a c t

o f o n ly .9 2 .

O u ts ta n d ­

c l u b m em bers i n t h e

J a p a n e s e g r o u p p a r t i c i p a t e d m ore f r e q u e n t l y t h a n a n y o t h e r g roup. W i t h i n e t h n i c g r o u p s , a b o u t t w i c e a s m any g i r l s b o y s w ere c l u b m em bers.

The g i r l s

c l u b s a n d a t t e n d e d m o re f r e q u e n t l y .

as

a l s o b e l o n g e d t o m o re The W i l s o n C e n t e r c l u b s

w ere o r g a n i z e d p r i m a r i l y t o o f f s e t t h e u n d e s i r a b l e e f f e c t s o f n e ig h b o rh o o d gang p a r t i c i p a t i o n ,

and to g iv e th e p u p i l s

an o p p o r t u n i t y to d e v e lo p b e h a v i o r p a t t e r n s w h ich a r e a c ­ c e p ta b le to s o c ie ty #

S i n c e m o re b o y s t h a n g i r l s

s e r io u s ly m a la d ju ste d s o c ia lly ,

i t w as, p e rh a p s ,

becom e a s h o rt­

c o m in g o f t h i s p r o g r a m t h a t m ore b o y s w e r e n o t b e i n g r e a c h e d # Monday n i g h t m o v i e p a r t i c i p a t i o n #

T a b l e IV p r e s e n t s

d a t a c o n c e r n i n g t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e Monday n i g h t m o v ie program w h ic h , l i k e

t h e C a n t e e n , w as a m a s s - t y p e a c t i v i t y *

T h i s w as t h e l e a s t p o p u l a r a c t i v i t y a t W i l s o n C e n t e r s i n c e o n ly 29*28 p e r c e n t o f th e c h i l d r e n a tte n d e d * C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u sin g p a r t i c i p a n t s

an d n o n ^ p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n t h e f i v e e t h n i c g r o u p s a s c a t e ­ g o r i e s e q u a l s a v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t 1 7 *5 3 * tw een th e N egro g i r l s p a rtic ip a n ts y ie ld s

p a rtic ip a n ts

The d i f f e r e n c e b e ­

a n d t h e M e x ic a n g i r l

a v ery s ig n i f i c a n t t r a t i o

o f 2*59*

The

O r i e n t a l a n d A n g lo g i r l s d i d n o t a t t e n d t h i s a c t i v i t y # C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w ith in th e f o u r e th n ic g ro u p s as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s a v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t 3 2 .1 1 *

e n c e s e x i s t b e t w e e n e a c h e t h n i c g r o u p *1

S ig n ific a n t d if f e r ­ O n ly a f e w o f t h e

1 p o r ro u g h e s ti m a t e s o f s i g n i f i c a n c e of d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n th e N egro boys o r g i r l s an d th e o t h e r g r o u p s , t h e f o l l o w i n g m inim um d i f f e r e n c e s s h o u l d e x i s t b e t w e e n t h e p e r c e n t s o f p a r t i c i p a n t s i n e a c h g ro u p b e in g com pared i n o r d e r to be c o n sid e re d s t a t i s t i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t : (in p e r c e n t) N egro**N egro, 1 0 ; N e g r o - M e x i c a n , 1 1 ; N e g r o - J a p a n e s e , 2 0 ; N e g r o C h i n e s e / o r A n g l o , Mj.* To m ake s i m i l a r c o m p a r i s o n s f o r t h e M e x ic a n s, th e d i f f e r e n c e s w o u ld n e e d t o be s l i g h t l y h ig h e r *

TABLE IV

PARTICIPATION IN WILSON CENTER' MONDAY NIGHT MOVIE PROGRAM BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N e g ro

Mex­ ic a n

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

9 5 .8 3 4-.17

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

Japan­ ese

G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

25*85 73* k l .6 8

1 0 .9 8 8 9 .0 2

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2.2)7

2 .2 2 T o ta l S a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e 1 j4 .o g P a rtic ip a n ts No n - p a r t i c i p a n t s 4 0 .6 7 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e 1 5 .3 3 T o ta l 1 0 0 .0 0 A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

3 .0 1

3 1 .9 6 6 5 .9 8 2 .0 6 1 0 0 .0 0 2 .5 8

4 .3 5 9 5 .6 5

1 8 .1 8 8 1 .8 2

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2 9 .2 8 6 8 .3 6 2 .3 6 1 0 0 .0 0 2 .7 6

32 O rie n ta l boys p a r tic ip a te d * W i t h i n e t h n i c g r o u p s , c o n s i d e r a b l y m o re b o y s t h a n g irls

a tte n d e d th is

a c tiv ity .

P a r t i c i p a t i o n was c l e a r l y

d e te r m in e d b y s e x and e t h n i c g r o u p . a t t e n d e d two o r t h r e e T ruancy.

M o st o f t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s

tim e s a m o n th .

T a b le V p r e s e n t s a c o m p a ra tiv e p i c t u r e

t r u a n c y a t W i l s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l .

of

A t r u a n t was d e f i n e d

a s a p u p i l who h a d a c c u m u l a t e d f o u r o r m o re u n e x c u s e d a b ­ s e n c e s d u rin g th e p r e v io u s s e m e s te r . is

S u ch a p u p i l b y la w

c o n s id e r e d t o be a c h r o n ic h a b i t u a l t r u a n t .

H o w e v e r,

p ro se c u tio n f o r

tr u a n c y i n th e W ilso n a r e a i s v e r y r a r e .

A bout 1 3 •kS p e r

c e n t o f th e c h i l d r e n w ere t r u a n t s ; t h i s i s

c e r t a i n l y a v a l i d in d ex iz a tio n p resen t

a s t o t h e a m o u n t o f s o c i a l d is o r g a n - *

i n m any o f t h e s u b j e c t s *

liv e s.

A n a l y z i n g t h e b r e a k dow n b y s e x , c h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r th e g i r l s ,

u s in g tr u a n ts and n o n - tru a n ts w ith in

e th n ic groups as c a t e g o r i e s ,

th e f i v e

.

e q u a l s a v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t 2 9 *0 5 *

A b o u t one f o u r t h o f t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s w e r e t r u a n t s a n d p o s e d th e g r e a t e s t p ro b le m as r e g a r d s t o th e p e r c e n ta g e o f t r u a n t s . M any o f t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s w e r e p r o b a b l y k e p t a t home t o h e l p w ith d o m e stic c h o r e s . tru a n ts .

N e a r l y a l l o f t h e A n g lo g i r l s w e r e

A p o s s ib le e x p la n a tio n fo r th is

is

o f A n g lo f a m i l y t h a t w o u l d b e f o r c e d t o l i v e

t h a t th e ty p e in th is area i s

so d is o rg a n iz e d t h a t tru a n c y i s w ith in th e bounds o f a c c e p ta b le

33

TABLE V TRUANCY AT WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

Mexic a n

N e g ro

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

71.1*3 2 8 .5 7

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

G irls P e rc e n ta g e T ru a n ts Non** t r u a n t s Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

1 1 .5 7 8 6 .3 9 2 . Oil. 1 0 0 .0 0

2 5 .6 1 7 3 .1 8 1 .2 1 1 0 0 .0 0

T o ta l S a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e T ruant s 7 .3 3 N o n -tru a n ts 9 1 . 31* Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e 1 .3 3 T o ta l 1 0 0 .0 0

1 9 .5 9 7 6 .2 9 1*.12 1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0

9 .0 9 8 1 .8 2 9 .0 9 1 0 0 .0 0

1 3 . 1*5 81*. 5 5 2 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0

3k b e h a v io r by th e s ta n d a r d s o f th e f a m ily .

A l s o , t h e A n g lo

g i r l m ig h t d i s l i k e g o in g t o s c h o o l w here h e r u s u a l m a j o r i t y group r o l e i s

r e v e r s e d ; s h e h a s l i t e r a l l y b eco m e a m em ber o f

a m in o rity -g ro u p .

None o f t h e O r i e n t a l g i r l s w as a t r u a n t .

C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g t r u a n t s

and

n o n - tr u a n ts w ith in th e f o u r e th n ic groups as c a t e g o r i e s , e q u a ls 1 2 .9 2 .

I t t h e r e f o r e f o llo w s t h a t d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n

e th n ic groups a r e l e s s pron o u n ced i n th e c a se o f th e b o y s . H o w e v e r, a s i g n i f i c a n t 1 9 * 5 9 P©** c e n t o f t h e M e x ic a n b o y s w ere t r u a n t s ,

and, l i k e

t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s , h a d m o re u n e x c u s e d

absences th a n any o th e r e th n ic group. boys w ere t r u a n t s .

Pew o f t h e O r i e n t a l

The O r i e n t a l c h i l d r e n , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e

J a p a n e s e , a p p e a r m o re w i l l i n g t h a n t h e o t h e r e t h n i c g r o u p s to su b m it to th e s c h o o l r e g u l a t i o n s r e g a r d in g a tte n d a n c e . S ch o o l ad ju s tm e n t.

Some s e l e c t e d i n d e x e s o f s c h o o l

a d j u s t m e n t b y t h e p u p i l s a r e g i v e n i n T a b l e VI.

The c o m p a r a ­

t i v e l y lo w a v e r a g e IQ ( a s m e a s u r e d b y t h e O t i s S e l f - A d m i n i s ­ t e r i n g T e s t o f M e n ta l A b i l i t y )

o f 8 1 .2 5 f o r th e e n t i r e

sam p le

i n d i c a t e s t h e r e l a t i v e l y lo w l e v e l o f m e a s u r e d i n t e l l i g e n c e o f th e s u b je c ts .

As f a r a s IQ i s

concerned, i t

appears th a t

t h e N e g r o a n d M e x ic a n b o y s a n d g i r l s may be t r e a t e d a s a hom ogeneous g ro u p ,

and th e J a p a n e s e an d C h in e se bo y s and g i r l s

t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e A n g lo g i r l s m ay b e t r e a t e d a s a n o t h e r homo­ geneous g ro u p .

D is tin c t le v e ls

of in te llig e n c e

are ap p aren t

TABLE VI

SELECTED INDEXES OP SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT OP WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

Mexic a n

N egro

Japanese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

9 6 .1 0 3 .6 4 1 .8 7 1 .8 7

9 2 .8 6 3 .4 4 1 .7 7 1 .7 4

9 0 .0 0 2 .1 2 1 .2 8 1 .4 3

G irls A v e r a g e (m e an ) IQ G rades Work h a b i t s r a t i n g C o o p e ra tio n r a t i n g

8 0 .1 5 2 .5 2 1 .3 3 1 .3 9

8 0 .0 0 2 .3 1 1 .2 1 1 .2 5

T o ta l S a m p le

Boys A v e r a g e (m e an ) IQ G rades Work h a b i t s r a t i n g C o o p e ra tio n r a t i n g

7 9 . 8$ . 2 .4 2 1 .2 4 1 .3 2

7 7 .4 7 2 . 14.0 1 .2 8 1 .3 9

9 2 .2 7 3 .1 7 1 .6 7 1 .7 2

9 0 .0 0 2 .9 7 1 .6 2 1 .6 l

8 1 .2 5 2 .5 5 1 .3 3 1 .4 1

NOTE: IQ i s b a s e d on t h e O t i s S e l f - A d m i n i s t e r i n g T e s t o f M e n ta l A b i l i t y ( i n t e r m e d i a t e f o r m ) . P o r t h e c o m p u t­ a t i o n o f g r a d e s , A w as w e i g h t e d a s I4., B was w e i g h t e d a s 3 , C a s 2 , D a s 1 , a n d P a s 0 . E a c h p u p i l i s r a t e d o n w o rk h a b i t s and c o o p e r a tio n by t h e i r t e a c h e r s . A r a t i n g o f " E x c e l l e n t 11 w as w e i g h t e d a s 2 , " S a t i s f a c t o r y " a s 1 , a n d " U n s a t i s f a c t o r y " as 0.

36 b e t w e e n t h e s e tw o - g r o u p i n g s .

The d i f f e r e n c e s i n IQ b e t w e e n

se x e s w ith in th e s e g ro u p in g s a p p e a rs

t o be m in o r.

The

J a p a n e s e g i r l s h a d t h e h i g h e s t IQ ( 9 6 . 1 9 ) * w h i l e t h e M e x i­ c a n b o y s h a d t h e l o w e s t IQ (77•^4-7)• The g r a d e s on e a c h p u p i l ’ s r e p o r t c a r d w e r e a v e r a g e d . "Aw w as w e i g h t e d a s f o u r , o n e , a n d WF W a s z e r o .

f,G,f a s tw o , nD” a s

The a v e r a g e g r a d e f o r t h e e n t i r e

s a m p l e w as 2 . 5 5 w h i c h i s »C ".

” B” a s t h r e e ,

a b o u t m idw ay b e t w e e n a 11B” a n d a

W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e A n g lo g i r l s who made t h e

lo w e st g rad es

(2 .1 2 ),

t h e sam e g r o u p i n g s t h a t w e r e made f o r

IQ a r e s t i l l g e n e r a l l y v a l i d . t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s

is

A g ra d e a v e ra g e o f 2 .3 1 f o r

l o w e s t f o r th e N eg ro -M ex ican g r o u p in g ,

w h i l e a g r a d e a v e r a g e o f 3«61j. f o r t h e J a p a n e s e g i r l s

i s h ig h ­

e s t f o r th e J a p a n e se -C h in e se g ro u p in g . The s c h o o l w o rk h a b i t s r a t i n g r a t i n g may b e c o n s i d e r e d t o g e t h e r .

and th e c o o p e r a tio n B o th c o r r e l a t e h i g h l y

w i t h t h e g r a d e i n d e x b e c a u s e e a c h p u p i l was g i v e n a s u b j e c t g r a d e , t o g e t h e r w i t h r a t i n g s on s tu d y h a b i t s and c la s s ro o m c o o p e r a t i o n , by e a c h o f h i s t e a c h e r s .

T h ese r a t i n g s w ere

w e i g h t e d a s tw o f o r Me x c e l l e n t , ” one f o r ’’s a t i s f a c t o r y , 11 a n d z e r o f o r ’’u n s a t i s f a c t o r y . ”

For a l l p ra c tic a l p u rposes,

th e

N e g r o a n d M e x ic a n b o y s a n d g i r l s may a g a i n be g r o u p e d , a n d , a l s o th e J a p a n e s e a n d C h in e s e b o y s and g i r l s b e a m o re o r l e s s h o m o g e n e o u s .

a g a in ap p ear to

The M e x ic a n g i r l s

r e c e iv e d th e lo w e s t r a t i n g s , w h ile

a g a in

th e Ja p a n e se g i r l s

37 re c e iv e d th e h ig h e s t ra tin g s * The g r a d e i n d e x i s ,

p erh ap s,

m i n i n g a p u p i l 1s s c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t *

th e m ost v a l i d i n d e te r ­ The r a n g e s i n t h e IQ

in d e x e s have c o n s id e ra b ly l a r g e r s ta n d a rd d e v ia tio n s th a n th e ra n g e s i n th e g ra d e in d ex es* c o e ffic ie n ts

The r e l i a b i l i t y a n d v a l i d i t y

of t h i s p a r t i c u l a r O tis t e s t a r e n o t e s p e c i a l l y

h ig h * H e a lth *

The h e a l t h o f t h e p u p i l s a s i t

s o c i a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i s g i v e n i n T a b l e V II*

a ffe c te d

T h i s i n d e x was

o b ta in e d by a ch eck o f th e s c h o o l h e a l t h r e c o r d s . was c o n s i d e r e d t o b e i n g o o d h e a l t h i f or in ju rie s

A c h ild

he h a d no i l l n e s s e s

s e r io u s enough to a f f e c t s o c i a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n *

A c h i l d i n p o o r h e a l t h w as c o n s i d e r e d t o b e one w i t h i l l n e s s e s in v o lv in g v i t a l o rg an s su ch as th e h e a r t ,

lu n g s,

o r k id n e y s*

I n m ost c a s e s t h e e x a m in in g p h y s ic i a n s t a t e d i n h i s r e p o r t t h e d e g r e e t o w h ic h t h e c h i l d w as h a n d i c a p p e d . n o t e d t h a t n e a r l y 95 P©** c e n t o f t h e

c h ild re n needed d e n ta l

s e r v i c e ; m any h a d d i s e a s e d t o n s i l s a n d a d e n o i d s , h ig h p e rc e n ta g e needed g la ss e s *

I t s h o u ld be

H o w ev er,

and a r a t h e r

sin c e th e s e l a t t e r

d e f e c t s a r e m in o r th e y w ere n o t ta k e n i n t o c o n s id e r a tio n * Of t h e t o t a l s a m p l e , 11 *61j. p e r c e n t o f t h e p u p i l s p o s s e s s e d some s e r i o u s p h y s i c a l h a n d i c a p .

H e a lth re c o rd s

w ere n o t a v a i l a b l e f o r 5*27 p e r c e n t o f t h e s u b j e c t s * C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u s i n g th e num ber

38

TABLE V I I

CONDITION OP HEALTH OP WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N egro

Mexic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

12*50 87*50

1 0 0 .0 0

4 2 .8 6 ■5 7 . i i f

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

G irls P e rc e n ta g e Poor h e a lth Good h e a l t h Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

1 3 .6 0 8 1 . 6k ^ .7 6 1 0 0 .0 0

7 .3 2 9 0 . 21*. 2 . 4 i*. 1 0 0 .0 0

T o ta l S a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e Poor h e a lth Good h e a l t h Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

1 1 .3 k 82*60 6*00

s i . 44

100*00

100*00

100*00

i4-*l2 1 0 0 .0 0

9 .0 9 8 1 .8 2 9 .0 9 1 0 0 .0 0

11.61*. 8 3 .0 9 5 .2 7 1 0 0 .0 0

39 o f p u p i l s i n p o o r h e a l t h a n d t h e num ber o f p u p i l s

i n good

h e a lth w ith in th e f iv e e th n ic groups as c a t e g o r i e s , 8 .9 9 *

e q u a ls

The s m a l l s a m p l e o f A n g lo g i r l s w i t h lj.2.86 p e r c e n t

o f th e m i n p o o r h e a l t h c o n t r i b u t e d o v e r h a l f t o t h i s sq u are t o t a l .

chi

T h e re a r e no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n

th e o th e r f o u r g ro u p s of g i r l s . Chi s q u a r e co m p u ted f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g t h e num ber o f p u p i l s i n p o o r h e a l t h an d th e num ber o f p u p i l s i n good h e a l t h w i t h i n t h e f o u r e t h n i c g r o u p s a s c a t e g o r i e s , e q u a l s o n l y Ij.. 1 2 . W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e A n g lo g i r l s ,

th e r e a re no s i g n i f i ­

c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n any e t h n i c g ro u p or b e tw e e n e i t h e r sex.

H o w e v e r, i t

few er p u p ils

ap p ears th a t th e O rie n ta ls had s l i g h t l y

i n t h e f,p o o r h e a l t h 11 c a t e g o r y , p e r c e n t a g e w i s e ,

p a r t i c u l a r l y s in c e n e i t h e r th e C h in ese g i r l s boys h ad any s e r i o u s i l l n e s s e s . in flu e n c e s are o p e ra tiv e h e re .

It

n o r th e Ja p a n e se

c o u ld be t h a t c u l t u r a l

A sh y O r ie n ta l c h ild m ig h t

w ith h o ld in f o r m a tio n fro m a p h y s ic ia n o r he m ig h t h e s i t a t e t o n o t i f y t h e s c h o o l p h y s i c i a n e v e n i f h e w ere i l l .

On t h e

o t h e r h a n d , t h e h i g h l y d i s o r g a n i z e d A n g lo g i r l s m i g h t s e e k h e a l t h s e r v i c e e v e n when i t

is not in d ic a te d .

U n fo rtu n a te ly

th e d a ta a re to o l i m i t e d to t e s t th e s e h y p o th e s e s . Sum m ary.

The a c t i v i t i e s

a t W ils o n C e n t e r w ere r e a c h ­

in g a m o d e r a te ly h ig h p e r c e n ta g e o f th e p u p i l s .

A h ig h e r

p e r c e n ta g e o f th e N egroes p a r t i c i p a t e d i n th e C a n te e n ,

c lu b s,

a n d m o v ie p r o g r a m t h a n a n y o t h e r e t h n i c g r o u p . w ere a l s o

The N e g r o e s

th e l a r g e s t e t h n i c g ro u p n u m e r ic a lly .

The c l u b -

t y p e a c t i v i t i e s h e l d m uch a p p e a l f o r t h e C h i n e s e g i r l s , l y a l l o f whom b e l o n g e d t o a s p e c i a l c l u b . c e l l e n t e x a m p le o f a t e l i c

T h is i s

n ear­

an ex­

e f f o r t c u t t i n g a c r o s s an e s t a b l i s h e d

c u ltu ra l p a tte rn . W i t h i n e t h n i c g r o u p s , t h e g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d m ore a c t i v e l y i n th e c lu b s

o r m e m b e r s h ip a c t i v i t i e s ,

w h ile th e

b o y s p a r t i c i p a t e d m o re a c t i v e l y i n t h e C a n t e e n a n d m o v ie p ro g ra m w h ic h w ere m ass a c t i v i t i e s .

The W i l s o n C e n t e r c l u b s

f o r b o y s w e r e t h e o n l y a c t i v i t i e s w h e r e i n no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t e d b etw een e t h n i c g r o u p s . o r m em b ersh ip a c t i v i t i e s , e ffe c ts

w e re f o r m e d p r i m a r i l y t o c o m b a t t h e

o f th e n e ig h b o rh o o d g an g s,

i t a p p e a r s t h a t on e s h o r t ­

c o m in g o f t h e W i l s o n C e n t e r p r o j e c t i s boys w ere b e in g r e a c h e d .

S in c e th e c lu b s ,

t h a t t o o few o f th e

S c h o o l and s o c i a l w o rk ers h av e b e e n

p r o n e t o b e s a t i s f i e d t o w ork w i t h t h e m o re e a s i l y o r g a n i z e d g irls. The O r i e n t a l c h i l d r e n t e n d e d t o s h y aw ay f r o m t h e l e s s s u p e r v i s e d m a ss a c t i v i t i e s , w h i l e t h e A n g lo g i r l s p a r ­ tic ip a te d le ss

th a n any o th e r g ro u p .

T r u a n c y w as p a r t i c u l a r l y p r e v a l e n t a t t h i s s c h o o l.

ju n io r h ig h

T h is in d e x of s o c i a l d i s o r g a n i z a t i o n b e a r s

re sis ta n c e

o u t th e

on th e p a r t o f th e c h i l d r e n and t h e i r f a m i l i e s

e s ta b lis h e d re g u la tio n p a tte r n s .

to

The M e x ic a n c h i l d r e n p o s e d

th e g r e a t e s t tr u a n c y p ro b le m , w h ile th e O r i e n t a l c h i l d r e n , b e c a u s e of p e r s o n a l i t y m ake-up o r f a m ily c o n t r o l o r , p e r h a p s , b o th , p o s e d th e l e a s t tr u a n c y p ro b le m . g i r l s w ere t r u a n t s . p ris in g

M o st o f t h e A n g lo

W ith in e th n ic g ro u p s, i t

i s som ew hat s u r

t o f i n d t h a t t h e g i r l s w e r e s l i g h t l y m o re t r u a n t t h a n

th e b o y s. The i n d e x e s o f s c h o o l a d j u s t m e n t w e r e f o u n d t o b e r e ­ m a rk a b ly c o n s i s t e n t .

For a l l p r a c tic a l purposes,

th e N egro

a n d M e x ic a n b o y s a n d g i r l s h a d a b o u t t h e same IQ , m ade a b o u t t h e sam e g r a d e s , a n d w e r e r a t e d a b o u t t h e sam e on b o t h s t u d y w o rk h a b i t s a n d c l a s s r o o m c o o p e r a t i o n .

S im ila rly ,

th e Ja p a n ­

e s e a n d C h i n e s e b o y s a n d g i r l s h a d a b o u t t h e same I Q , made a b o u t t h e same g r a d e s ,

a n d w e r e r a t e d a b o u t t h e same on b o t h

s t u d y w o rk h a b i t s a n d c l a s s r o o m c o o p e r a t i o n .

The O r i e n t a l

p u p i l s e n jo y e d a c o n s id e r a b le ad v a n ta g e i n each of th e s e f o u r in d e x e s.

A n o th e r i n d i c a t i o n o f th e

A n g lo g i r l s IQ t e s t s

is

d is o r g a n iz a tio n o f th e

t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e y d i d m o d e r a te ly w e l l on t h e

th e y re c e iv e d th e lo w e s t g r a d e s .

The d i f f e r e n c e s i n h e a l t h b e t w e e n t h e e t h n i c g r o u p s w e r e m i n o r a n d may b e du e t o c u l t u r a l f a c t o r s random s a m p lin g .

or erro rs

in

CHAPTER IV

THE FINDINGS, PART H i

SOME COMMUNITY-CENTERED

SOCIAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS T h i s c h a p t e r w i l l be c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h o s e a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h w e r e m o re c l o s e l y r e l a t e d fa m ily l i f e

i n g e n e r a l th a n t o

same s t a t i s t i c a l

t o t h e c o m m u n ity a n d t o th e s c h o o l .

P r e c is e ly th e

t e c h n i q u e s t h a t w e re e m p l o y e d i n C h a p t e r

I I I w i l l b e em p lo y ed th r o u g h o u t t h i s c h a p t e r # C lu b p a r t i c i p a t i o n o u t s i d e W i l s o n C e n t e r * a g e n c ie s conduct v a rio u s W ilso n C e n te r , th e se

Some s o c i a l

ty p e s o f c lu b s , s i m i l a r to th o se a t

th ro u g h o u t th e a r e a .

c lu b s i s g i v e n i n T a b le V I I I .

P u p il p a r t ic ip a t i o n in W ilso n C e n te r c lu b s and

church c lu b s are n o t in c lu d e d in t h i s t a b l e .

Of t h e e n t i r e

s a m p l e o f p u p i l s , 3 8 * 9 2 P®** c e n t b e l o n g e d t o on e o r m ore o f th e

c lu b s i n t h e c o m m u n ity .

The a v e r a g e p a r t i c i p a n t b e l o n g e d

t o 1 . 5 1 c l u b s a n d a t t e n d e d t h e i r f u n c t i o n s 7*81j. t i m e s a m o n t h . A n a ly z in g th e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f th e g i r l s s q u a re , u s in g p a r t i c i p a n t s

firs t,

chi

an d n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n th e

f i v e e t h n i c groups a s c a t e g o r i e s , e q u a ls a v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t 15*36.

S in c e th e n u l l h y p o th e s is i s

a n a ly s is o f th e g i r l s

d isp ro v e n , a f u r th e r

d i s c l o s e s t h a t t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n

t h e N e g ro p a r t i c i p a n t s a n d t h e M e x ic a n p a r t i c i p a n t s i s s ig n ific a n t.

v ery

The d i f f e r e n c e o f 3 1 . 0 0 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n t h e

TABLE V I I I

PUPIL PARTICIPATION IN CLUBS OTHER THAN THOSE AT WILSON CENTER BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

Japan­ ese

C h in ese

2 3 .1 7 7 6 .8 3

51*.. 17 14-5.83

1 2 .5 0 '. 8 7 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0

100*00

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 .6 3

1 .1 6

1 .0 8

1 .0 0

6 .1 9

5 .0 7

2.51).

N egro

Mex­ ic a n

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts 3 8 .7 7 No n - p a r t i c i p a n t s 6 1 .2 3 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e 1 0 0 .0 0 T o ta l A verag e num ber o f c lu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

T o ta l sam p le

Ito y s P e rc e n ta g e 5 8 .0 0 P a rtic ip a n ts 1 )2 .0 0 N o n -p a rtiG ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e 1 0 0 .0 0 T o ta l A verage num ber o f c lu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n NOTES

1 0 0 .0 0

2 9 .9 0 7 0 .1 0

2 6 .0 9 7 3 .9 1

9 .0 9 9 0 .9 1

3 8 .9 2 6 1 .0 8

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 .6 3

1.21).

1 .1 7

2 .0 0

1 .5 1

1 0 .0 6

9 .2 8

5 .5 0

T a b le V II does n o t i n c l u d e c h u r c h c lu b s #

7.81).

M e x ic a n a n d t h e J a p a n e s e p a r t i c i p a n t s s ig n ific a n t t r a tio

o f 2 .9 2 *

e n c e b e t w e e n t h e N e g ro g i r l s

a lso y ie ld s a very

B u t t h e l5«i4-0 p e r c e n t d i f f e r ­ an d t h e J a p a n e s e g i r l s

y ie ld s a

t r a t i o e q u a l t o o n l y 1*1|3 w h i c h l a c k s s i g n i f i c a n c e a t t h e fiv e p e r cent le v e l of s ig n ific a n c e .

A s p e c i a l c lu b co u ld

p o s s i b l y a c c o u n t f o r th e r e l a t i v e l y h ig h 5^*17 p e r c e n t o f t h e J a p a n e s e g i r l s who b e l o n g e d t o t h e s e c l u b s .

The a v e r a g e

N e g r o g i r l p a r t i c i p a n t b e l o n g e d t o 1 * 6 3 c l u b s w h ic h i s s i d e r a b l y m o re t h a n t h e g irls

o t h e r g i r l s b e lo n g e d to *

con­

The A n g lo

d id n o t b e lo n g to any of th e s e c lu b s* G h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s

and n o n - p a r t i c i p a t i o n w ith in th e f o u r e th n ic groups as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a ls 27*87 w h ic h , o f c o u r s e , i s v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t *

T r u e d i f f e r e n c e s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h o s e due t o s a m p l i n g e r r o r s e x i s t b etw een th e f o u r e t h n i c groups*

S ig n ific a n t d if f e r ­

e n c e s e x i s t b e t w e e n t h e N e g r o b o y s a n d t h e M e x ic a n b o y s * S i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s a l s o e x i s t b etw een t h e N egroes and t h e tw o O r i e n t a l g r o u p s *

The t r a t i o b e t w e e n t h e 5 8 * 0 0 p e r

c e n t o f t h e N e g r o b o y s who p a r t i c i p a t e d a n d t h e 9*0 9 P© r c e n t o f t h e C h i n e s e b o y s who p a r t i c i p a t e d e q u a l s 3*15* W it h i n e t h n i c g r o u p s , a h i g h e r p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e N egro a n d M e x ic a n b o y s t h a n g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d *

On t h e o t h e r h a n d ,

a s l i g h t l y h ig h e r p e rc e n ta g e o f th e O r ie n ta l g i r l s p a rtic ip a te d *

H o w ev er,

th a n boys

th e boys i n e v e r y e t h n i c g ro u p p a r ­

t i c i p a t e d m o re f r e q u e n t l y t h a n d i d t h e

g irls*

P a r tic ip a tio n in church c lu b s # ity

A n o th er ty p e o f a c t i v ­

t h a t o f f e r s t h e c h i l d a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o b e a m em ber o f a n

in -g ro u p is

th e c h u r c h clu b #

i n a t i o n s d o t th e W ilso n a r e a ,

Many c h u r c h e s o f v a r i o u s

a n d some h a v e d e v e l o p e d e x t e n ­

s iv e p ro g ram s f o r th e y o u th i n t h e i r c o n g re g a tio n s # p re se n ts

T a b l e IX

th e p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e s e c h u r c h c l u b s by th e p u p i l s

o f W i l s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l # e n tire

denom­

A bout 28*37 p e r c e n t o f th e

s a m p l e b e l o n g e d t o one o r m o re c h u r c h c l u b s #

a v e r a g e c l u b member b e l o n g e d t o l . l 6

The

c lu b s and a tte n d e d m e e t­

i n g s 3 # 8 8 t i m e s a m onth* Chi s q u a r e co m p u ted f o r th e g i r l s ,

u s in g p a r t i c i p a n t s

and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w ith in th e f i v e e th n ic g ro u p s as c a t e ­ g o r i e s , e q u a l s 12#96 w h ich i n d i c a t e s a s u b s t a n t i a l d e v i a t i o n fro m h o m o g e n e ity # ip a te d ;

Of t h e N e g ro g i r l s ,

1^2*17 p e r c e n t p a r t i c ­

th e a v e r a g e p a r t i c i p a n t b e lo n g e d to 1#32 c h u r c h c l u b s

an d w e n t t o m e e t i n g s i^#l+2 t i m e s a m o n t h , w h i c h i s a b ly above a v erag e# m em bers b e l o n g e d t o

c o n s id e r­

M o st o f t h e o t h e r b o y a n d g i r l c l u b o n ly one c lu b a n d a t t e n d e d m e e tin g s a b o u t

o n c e a week# C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r tic ip a n ts w ith in th e f o u r e th n ic gro u p s as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s 1|.#15«

T h ere a p p e a r s to be no s i g n i f i c a n t

d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n e t h n i c g ro u p s e x c e p t i n

th e c a s e o f th e

C h i n e s e who a p p a r e n t l y h a d n o c l u b t o a t t e n d # W ith in e th n ic g ro u p s,

a h ig h e r p e rc e n ta g e of g i r l s

5-6 TABLE IX

PUPIL PARTICIPATION IN CHURCH CLUBS BY SEX AND ETHNIC CROUP

Mex­ ic a n

N e g ro

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts N ot a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage num ber o f clu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

1+2.17 5 7 .1 5 • 68

3 1 .7 1 6 8 .2 9

803 91*67

37*50 6 2 .5 0

11+.29 8 5 .7 1

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 .3 2

1 . 01+

1 .0 0

1 .0 0

1 .0 0

1+.1+2

3 .6 7

3 .0 0

if. 00

1 .0 0 T o ta l sam p le

ISoys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n - p a r t i c i p suit s Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage num ber o f c lu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

21+.67 7 5 .3 3

2 1 .6 5 7 8 .3 5

1709 8 2 .6 1

1 0 0 .0 0

2 8 .3 7 71*5-5 .1 8

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 .0 8

1 .0 5

1 .0 0

1 .1 6

3.1+6

3 .8 3

l*-03

3 .8 8

th a n boys b e lo n g e d to c h u rc h c lu b s ; c e p tio n h e re , b u t i t

s h o u ld be n o te d t h a t t h i s d if f e r e n c e i s

not n e c e ssa rily s ta t i s t i c a l l y C hurch a t t e n d a n c e * se rv ic e s X*

th e J a p a n e s e a r e th e e x ­

s ig n ific a n t•

Many m ore p u p i l s a t t e n d e d c h u r c h

th a n a tte n d e d ch u rch c lu b s as i s

i n d i c a t e d i n T a b le

A b o u t 7 8 * 1 8 P©r c e n t o f t h e s u b j e c t s w e n t t o c h u r c h , a n d

t h e y a t t e n d e d s e r v i c e s n e a r l y o n ce a w eek* C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r tic ip a n ts w ith in th e f iv e e th n ic groups as c a t e ­ g o r i e s , e q u a ls a n i n s i g n i f i c a n t 1 .6 ? *

T h erefo re, th e g i r l s

may b e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e a h o m o g e n e o u s g r o u p a s p e r t a i n s

to

ch u rch atte n d a n c e * H o w e v e r, c h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a t i o n and n o n - p a r t i c i p a t i o n w ith in th e f o u r e th n ic gro u p s as c a t e g o r i e s , of th is

e q u a l s a v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t 39 «9 8«

M ost

t o t a l i s a c c o u n t e d f o r b y th e f a c t t h a t o n l y 2 6* 09

p e r c e n t o f th e Ja p a n e se boys a tte n d e d church*

The g i r l s

a p p e a r t o h a v e a t t e n d e d c h u r c h s l i g h t l y m o re t h a n t h e b o y s * The O r i e n t a l b o y s a t t e n d e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y l e s s

th a n any of

th e o t h e r groups* P la y g ro u n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n * p la y g ro u n d a c t i v i t i e s i n d i c a t e d i n T a b l e XI*

P u p il p a r t i c i p a t i o n in

o t h e r th a n th o s e a t W ilso n C e n te r i s A bout 66*00 p e r c e n t of th e c h i l d r e n

p l a y e d a t o n e o r m o re o f t h e s e v e r a l p l a y g r o u n d s i n t h e a r e a .

48

TABLE X

PUPIL CHURCH ATTENDANCE BY SEX AND ETHNIC CROUP

N e g ro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ese

A n g lo

C irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -» p a rtic i p a n t s Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

8 4 .3 5 i 4 .9 7 .0 8

8 6 .5 9 1 3 .4 1

7 9 .1 8 2 0 .8 3

7 5 .0 0 1 2 .5 0 1 2 .5 0

8 5 .7 1 1 4 .2 9

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

4 .0 5

4 .0 4

3 .8 4

3 .8 3

4 .8 3 T o ta l s a m p le

B oys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T b ta l A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

7 9 .3 3 l k . 67 6 .0 0

74*23 2 5 .7 7

2 6 .0 9 7 3 .9 1

4 ? .4 5 5 4 .5 5

7 8 .1 8 2 1 .0 9 .7 3

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .8 4

4 .0 0

2 .8 3

3 .6 0

3 .9 6

TABLE X I

PUPIL PARTICIPATION IN PLAYGROUND ACTIVITIES OTHER THAN THOSE AT WILSON CENTER BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

2 0 .8 3 7 9 .1 7

3 7 .5 0 6 2 .5 0

lp2*86 S i .I k

100*00

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

100*00

1 .8 0

1 .1 7

1 .0 0

1 .3 3

1*00

8 .0 5

4 .0 9

i)..00

3 .0 0

2 .0 0

N e g ro

Mex­ ic a n G irls

P e rc e n ta g e 7 0 .7 5 P a rtic ip a n ts No n - p a r t i c i p a n t s 2 9 .2 5 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e 1 0 0 .0 0 T o ta l A v erag e num ber o f p la y g ro u n d s v is » i t e d p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

5 6 .1 0 4 5 . 90-

T o ta l sam p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A v erag e num ber o f p la y g ro u n d s v i s ­ i te d p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

8 2 .0 0 1 8 .0 0

.

6 1 .8 6 3 8 . 1I4.

5 6 .5 2

1445 5 4 .5 5

6 6 .0 0 3 ^ .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 .8 2

1 .3 5

146

1 .2 0

1 .6 0

1 1 .3 3

8 .0 3

7 .2 8

3 .5 0

7 .5 0

The a v e r a g e p a r t i c i p a n t w e n t t o 1 . 6 0 p l a y g r o u n d s 7»!?0 t i m e s a m onth* **• C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u s in g p a r t i c i p a n t s

and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w ith in th e f iv e e th n ic g ro u p s as c a te ­ g o r ie s , e q u a ls 25*50.

The N e g ro g i r l s w e n t t o t h e p l a y g r o u n d s

t h e m o s t;, t h e J a p a n e s e g i r l s w e n t t h e l e a s t . C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n th e f o u r e t h n i c g ro u p s a s g o r ie s , e q u a ls 1 8 .9 1 .

c a te ­

A f a r g r e a t e r p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e N e g ro

boys (82*00) t h a n any o t h e r g ro u p p la y e d a t th e p la y g ro u n d s * W i t h i n e t h n i c g r o u p s , t h e b o y s p a r t i c i p a t e d m ore t h a n d id th e g i r l s *

The O r i e n t a l s p a r t i c i p a t e d so m ew h at l e s s t h a n

th e o th e r groups*

S i n c e t h e p l a y g r o u n d i s m o re o r l e s s a n

u n s u p e r v i s e d m a ss a c t i v i t y ,

th e N eg ro es p r o b a b ly d o m in a te d

t h e s c e n e b e c a u s e o f t h e i r s u p e r i o r n u m b e rs i f b y n o t h i n g e lse . M ovie a t t e n d a n c e . as r e c r e a tio n i s

The p o p u l a r i t y o f c o m m e r c i a l m o v ie s

i n d i c a t e d i n T a b le X I I .

O n ly 1 0 . 7 3 p e r c e n t

o f t h e c h i l d r e n d i d n o t a t t e n d t h e m o v ie s , w h i l e 57*29 p e r c e n t o f th e c h i l d r e n a t t e n d e d b e tw e e n one an d s e v e n tim e s a m o n th a n d 2 9 * 6 2 p e r c e n t a t t e n d e d e i g h t o r m o re t i m e s a m o n t h . 1 The W i l s o n C e n t e r p l a y g r o u n d w as e l i m i n a t e d h e r e to a v o id c o n fu s io n i n th e .p u p ils * q u e s tio n n a ir e an sw ers, in asm u ch a s a l l th e p u p i l s p la y e d on t h i s p la y g ro u n d d u r in g gym c l a s s e s o r r e c e s s e s *

TABLE X I I

PUPIL COMMERCIAL MOVIE ATTENDANCE BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N egro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan** ese

C h in C59 ©

1)-.17 9 1 .6 6 1)-.17

37*50 5 0 .0 0

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e T im e s p e r m o n th 0 1-7 8 o r m o re Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage m o n th ly a tte n d a n c e

12*93 5 8 .5 0 2 8 .5 7

17*07 6 8 .3 0 1 I1..63

12*50 1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

5 .2 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .5 7

1 .7 5

lj.»00 T o ta l sam p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e T im e s p e r m o n th 0 1-7 8 o r m o re Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage m o n th ly a tte n d a n c e

i|2 * 8 6 ij^ .8 6 lif.2 8

1 8 .1 8 8 1 .8 2

1 0 .7 3 5 7 .2 9 2 9 .6 2 .3 6

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .5 2

3*00

5 .2 1

9 .3 3 ii.3 . 9 9 ij.6,68

4 .1 2 5 7 .2 0 3 6 .0 8 2 .0 0

9 1 .3 0 8 .7 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

6 .1 2

5.61).

52 The a v e r a g e m o n t h l y a t t e n d a n c e w as 5 * 2 1 t i m e s *

S in c e m ost

o f t h e c o n c e r n a b o u t m o v ie a t t e n d a n c e o n t h e p a r t o f c h i l d r e n is

o v e r-a tte n d a n c e ,

th e p e rc e n ta g e s o f th e v a rio u s g ro u p s in

t h e f,8 o r more*1 c a t e g o r i e s w i l l b e u s e d f o r c o m p a r a t i v e pu rp o ses* C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u s in g th o se p u p ils

who a t t e n d e d t h e m o v i e s e i g h t o r m o re t i m e s a m o n t h a n d t h o s e who a t t e n d e d l e s s

t h a n e i g h t t i m e s a m o n th w i t h i n t h e f i v e

e th n ic g roups as c a te g o r ie s ,

e q u a l s 13 *50*

The N e g r o g i r l s

a t t e n d e d t h e m o v i e s s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o re t h a n t h e M e x ic a n a n d Japanese g ir ls *

H o w e v e r, t h e p e r c e n t a g e d i f f e r e n c e

b e t w e e n t h e M e x ic a n a n d J a p a n e s e g i r l s who w e n t t o t w i c e a w eek o r m o re y i e l d s a t r a t i o

(10*ij.6) th e m o v ies

o f 1*85 w h ich j u s t

la c k s sig n ific a n c e * C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g t h e same c a t e g o r i e s t h a t w ere u s e d f o r th e g i r l s ,

e q u a l s 2 0 *1 1*

A b o u t ij.6.68 p e r c e n t o f t h e N e g r o b o y s a n d 3&*08 p e r c e n t o f t h e M e x ic a n b o y s a t t e n d e d t h e m o v i e s e i g h t o r m o re t i m e s a m o n th .

T h is d i f f e r e n c e

o f 10*60 p e r c e n t y i e l d s a t r a t i o

o f 1*63*

H o w e v e r, t h e d i f f e r e n c e

o f 37*98 p e r c e n t b e tw e e n

t h e N e g ro b o y s a n d t h e J a p a n e s e B oys y i e l d s a v e r y s i g n i f i ­ cant t r a tio

o f 3*39^

The b o y s g e n e r a l l y a t t e n d e d t h e m o v i e s m ore o f t e n t h a n t

d id th e g i r l s *

M o st o f t h e O r i e n t a l c h i l d r e n w e n t t o t h e

m o v i e s , b u t f e w o f th e m a t t e n d e d e i g h t o r m o re t i m e s a m o n th *

53 I n g e n e r a l r e g a r d in g m o v ie -g o in g ,

some o f t h e s u b j e c t s a p ­

p e a r to have been o v e r - p r o te c te d ,

a n d some a p p e a r t o h a v e

been u n d e r-p ro te c te d *

T h i s s u g g e s t s t h a t some c h i l d r e n h a d

m o re o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o b e e x p o s e d t o u n d e s i r a b l e

s tim u li th a n

o th e rs• P u p i l s who g o o u t s i d e t h e home a t n i g h t *

The n u m b e r

o f t i m e s t h e c h i l d r e n w e n t o u t a t n i g h t d u r i n g t h e w eek i s g iv e n i n T a b le X III*

A bout 32*18 p e r c e n t n e v e r w ent o u t,

5 0 * 7 3 p e r c e n t w e n t o u t f r o m one t o s i x n i g h t s a w e e k , w h i l e 16*38 p e r c e n t w ent o u t e v e r y n i g h t . w e n t o u t d i d s o 3 * 0 5 t i m e s a w eek*

The a v e r a g e c h i l d who A g a in i t

seem s t h a t some

y o u t h w e r e o v e r - p r o t e c t e d , w h i l e some w e r e u n d e r - p r o t e c t e d * G hi s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u s in g th e p u p ils

who n e v e r w e n t o u t a t n i g h t a n d t h o s e who w e n t o u t one o r m o re n i g h t s w i t h i n t h e f i v e e t h n i c g r o u p s a s c a t e g o r i e s , e q u a l s 2l±.Ql±*

Some s o r t o f s p e c i a l ,

su p e rv ise d a c t i v i t y

p r o b a b ly a c c o u n te d f o r th e 75*00 p e r c e n t o f th e C h in ese g i r l s who w e n t o u t , p a r t i c u l a r l y s i n c e m o s t o f th em w e n t o u t o n l y one n i g h t . Chi s q u a re

c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g t h o s e p u p i l s

who n e v e r w e n t o u t a n d t h o s e who w e n t o u t one o r m o re t i m e s w i t h i n t h e f o u r e t h n i c g r o u p s , e q u a l s 7*57* groups,

W ith in e th n ic

t h e b o y s g e n e r a l l y w e n t o u t m o re t h a n t h e g i r l s *

A l t h o u g h a h i g h e r p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e N e g r o e s t h a n t h e M e x ic a n s

SUI­

TABLE X I I I

NUMBER OF TIMES PER WEEK THAT WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS GO OUTSIDE THE HOME AT NIGHT B I SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N e g ro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan* ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e T im e s p e r w eek 0 1-6 7 Not a s c e r ta in a b l e T o ta l A verage tim e s p e r w eek

2 9 .2 5 6k . 63 6 .1 2

\3 * 9 Q lj.5 . 1 2 1 0 .9 8

7 0 .8 3 2 9 .1 7

2 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0

8 5 .7 1 xl^ .2 9

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2 .9 2

3 .3 5

1.1*3

1 .1 7 T o ta l sam p le

B oys P e rc e n ta g e T im e s p e r w eek 0 1-6 7 Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage tim e s p e r w eek

2 0 .0 0 51)-. 67 2 3 .3 3 2 .0 0

2 6 .8 0 3 8 .1 5 3 5 .0 5

3 9 .1 3 5 2 .1 7 8 .7 0

4 5 . k$ 3 6 .3 7 9 .0 9 9 .0 9

1 6 .3 6 .7 3

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

4 .1 *

5 .2 1

2 .5 7

3 .2 0

3 .8 5

3 2 .1 8

w ent o u t a t n i g h t ,

t h o s e M e x ic a n s who d i d g o o u t d i d s o m o re

o f t e n t h a n th e N egroes* Many p u p i l s r e p o r t e d o n t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e s a c tiv itie s

c o n s is te d o f v i s i t i n g

frie n d s,

g o in g t o

th a t th e ir th e m o v ies,

o r p l a y in g a t th e p la y g r o u n d s ; h o w ev er, a c o n s id e r a b l e num ber r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e y s p e n t t h e i r t i m e ”h o r s i n g a r o u n d ” o n t h e s tre e ts * A tte n d a n c e a t s p o r ts e v e n t s * p a rtic ip a tin g in a sp o rt, a th le tic

B e sid e s a c t u a l l y

th e p u p ils o f te n a tte n d e d th e

e v e n ts o f n earb y h ig h s c h o o ls , c o lle g e s ,

fe ssio n a l T a b l e XIV*

te a m s *

an d p r o ­

T h is s p e c t a t o r - t y p e a c t i v i t y i s g iv e n i n

A b o u t 1j.6 * 9 2 p e r c e n t o f t h e

t o t a l sam p le a t t e n d e d

a t l e a s t o n e s p o r t s e v e n t , a n d t h e a v e r a g e p u p i l w e n t 2*9 3 t i m e s a m o nth * C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n th e f i v e e t h n i c g ro u p s a s c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s 10 * 8 0 *

O n ly t h e N e g r o g i r l s a t t e n d e d s i g n i f i ­

c a n t l y m o re t h a n t h e o t h e r e t h n i c g r o u p s . C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g t h e sam e c a t e ­ g o rie s

t h a t w ere u s e d f o r th e g i r l s ,

e q u a l s 19*38«

The N e g ro

b o y s p a r t i c i p a t e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o re t h a n a n y o t h e r g r o u p , a n d t h e M e x ic a n s p a r t i c i p a t e d

c o n s i d e r a b l y m ore t h a n t h e

O rie n ta ls* W ith in e th n ic g ro u p s,

th e boys a tte n d e d s p o r t s e v e n ts

TABLE XIV

PUPIL ATTENDANCE AT SPORTS EVENTS BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N e g ro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

1 ^ .2 2 5 5 .7 8

2 8 .0 5 7 1 .9 5

2 0 .8 3 7 9 .1 7

2 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0

1 4 .2 8 8 5 .7 2

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2 .6 5

1 .7 8

1 .8 0

1 .0 0

1 .0 0 T o ta l s a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

6 7 .3 4 3 2 .0 0 .6 6

5 1 .5 5 4 8 .4 5

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .4 9

2 .9 8

2 7 .2 7 7 2 .7 3

4 6 .9 2 5 2 .9 0 .1 8

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .0 0

1 .0 0

2 .9 3

57 m o re t h a n t h e g i r l s *

V ery s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t

b e t w e e n t h e N e g ro b o y s a n d t h e N e g r o g i r l s ,

and,

t w e e n t h e M e x ic a n b o y s a n d t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s *

a lso ,

be­

The t r a t i o

f o r t h e l a t t e r e q u a l s 3*18* Work o u t s i d e t h e h o m e * who w o r k e d o u t s i d e t h e i r h o m e s ,

The p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e p u p i l s th e h o u rs w orked,

w a g e s e a r n e d a r e i n d i c a t e d i n T a b l e XV* o f t h e s u b j e c t s w o rked*

and th e

A b o u t 2lj.*73 p e r c e n t

The a v e r a g e c h i l d w o r k e d 7* 5 5 h o u r s

p e r w e e k a n d e a r n e d $6*2lj.*

I t s h o u ld be n o te d t h a t t h i s

i t e m w as p r o b a b l y a p r e s t i g e i t e m f o r t h e s e y o u n g s t e r s , a n d , th e re fo re ,

c e r t a i n o f th e f in d in g s

i n T a b l e XV may h a v e b e e n

s u b j e c t t o o v e r - e s t i m a t i o n on t h e p a r t o f t h e c h i l d r e n * su sp ic io n i s

T h is

p o s s i b l y b o r n e o u t w hen t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s r e ­

p o r te d t h a t th e y e a r n e d o v e r a d o l l a r an hour* Chi s q u a r e co m p u ted f o r th e g i r l s ,

u s in g w o rk e rs and

n o n -w o rk ers w ith in th e e th n ic g ro u p s as c a t e g o r i e s ,

e q u a ls

a n i n s i g n i f i c a n t 2*28* C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g w o r k e r s a n d n o n -w o rk ers w ith in th e e th n ic g ro u p s a s c a t e g o r i e s , lj.*l4.9*

e q u a ls

T h e r e f o r e , a s f a r a s w o rk i s c o n c e r n e d , t h e v a r i o u s

e t h n i c g r o u p s w i t h i n e a c h s e x may be c o n s i d e r e d t o b e m o re o r l e s s h o m o g en eo u s* H o w e v e r, f a r m o re b o y s t h a n g i r l s w ork* C h in e se bo y s w ork;

Pew o f t h e

th e d i f f e r e n c e b e tw e e n th e C h in e s e boys

58

TABLE XV

PERCENTAGE OP PUPILS WHO WORK IN THE COMMUNITY, THE HOURS SPENT ON THEIR JOBS, AND THE WAGES EARNED BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N e g ro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e W o r k e rs N on-w orkers Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e

3 4 .2 9 8 4 .3 5 1 .3 6

9 .7 6 8 9 .0 3 1 .2 1

8 .3 3 9 1 .6 7

1 2 .5 0 8 7 .5 0

1 0 0 .0 0

T o ta l

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

7 .2 5

5 .1 7

4 .0 0

1 .0 0

4* 9 3

5 .2 9

2 .0 0

1 .0 0

A verage h o u rs p e r w eek p e r w o r k e r A verage w e e k ly wages i n d o l l a r s

T o ta l s a m p le

IJoys P e rc e n ta g e W o rk ers N o n -w o rk ers Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage h o u rs p e r w eek p e r w o r k e r A verage w e e k ly w ages i n d o l l a r s

3 8 .6 7 6 1 .3 3

3 9 .1 6 5 9 .8 1 . 1 .0 3

3 0 .4 4 6 9 .5 6

9 .0 9 9 0 .9 1

24*73 7 4 .5 4 .7 3

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

7 .1 4

8 .7 6

6 .0 0

5 .0 0

7 .5 5

6 .7 3

7 .6 3

2 .3 3

5*00

6 .2 4

and th e C h in ese g i r l s , cance*

of course,

la c k s s t a t i s t i c a l s i g n i f i ­

The m o s t p o p u l a r j o b f o r t h e b o y s w as s e l l i n g p a p e r s ,

a n d t h e m o s t p o p u l a r j o b f o r t h e g i r l s w as b a b y s i t t i n g * P o lic e

c o n ta c t*

The p e r c e n t a g e a n d t y p e o f p o l i c e

c o n t a c t o f t h e s u b j e c t s a r e g i v e n i n T a b l e XVI*

The d a t a

f o r t h e s e s o - c a l l e d d e l i n q u e n t s w ere o b t a i n e d fro m p o l i c e b o o k in g s* a fte r

A c h i l d i s b ook ed b y th e bos A n g eles p o l i c e

c o n s i d e r a b l e e v i d e n c e i s p r e s e n t e d a g a i n s t him *

s i x c a t e g o r i e s i n t h e t a b l e a r e l i s t e d m o re o r l e s s of t h e i r s e rio u sn e ss*

R obbery, b u r g la r y ,

g ro u p ed as m a jo r o ffe n s e s * m is d e m e a n o r *

o n ly The

in order

an d a s s a u l t w ere

P e t i t t h e f t w as c l a s s i f i e d a s a

A c h i l d who w as i n v o l v e d i n a n o f f e n s e t h r o u g h

no p a r t i c u l a r f a u l t o f h i s

own, s u c h a s a c c i d e n t a l l y b e i n g a t

t h e s c e n e o f a c r i m e , w as c o n s i d e r e d t o b e a t e c h n i c a l o f ­ fen d er*

C h i l d r e n who w e r e t h e v i c t i m s

of sexual a s s a u lts

o r w ere r e p o r t e d m is s in g c o m p ris e d th e m a j o r i t y o f t h e n e x t c a te g o ry *

T ra ffic o ffe n se s,

of course,

s p e a k f o r th e m se lv e s*

I n t h e p r o t e c t i o n c a t e g o r y a r e t h o s e c h i l d r e n w hose n am es a p p e a r e d o n t h e p o l i c e b o o k s , b u t who w e r e t h e m s e l v e s n o t g u i l t y o f an o f f e n s e *

I n m o s t o f th e se c a s e s ,

some o t h e r

m em ber o f t h e c h i l d 1s f a m i l y h a d c o m m i t t e d a n o f f e n s e ; th e le ss, s o c ia l

never­

t h i s g r o u p o f c h i l d r e n w ere s u b j e c t t o th e n e g a t i v e

s t i m u l i o f s u c h an e n v iro n m e n t# A b o u t 9 *0 9 p e r c e n t o f t h e e n t i r e

s a m p le h a d some

TABLE XVI

POLICE CONTACT OP PUPILS BY TYPE OP 0PPENSE, SEX, AND ETHNIC GROUP

Mex­ ic a n

N e g ro

Japanese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e T ype o f o f f e n s e M a jo r M is d e m e a n o r T e c h n ic a l V ic tim T ra ffic P ro te c t!o n No p o l i c e c o n t a c t Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

2 .(4 1 .2 1

4 -7 6 2 .7 2 89. 8O .6 8 1 0 0 .0 0

1 ^ .2 9

2 .1 4 9 6 .3 5

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

8 5 .7 1

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0 T o ta l s a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e Type o f o f f e n s e M a jo r M is d e m e a n o r T e c h n ic a l V ic tim T ra ffic P ro te c tio n No p o l i c e c o n t a c t Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

2 .0 0 2 .0 0

if.3 5

2 .6 7 • 66 1-33 9 1 .3 3

5 .1 5 6 .1 9 1 .0 3 3 .0 9 1 .0 3 8 3 .5 1

k -3 5 9 1 .3 0

9 0 .9 1

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

9 .0 9

1 .4 5 2 .3 6 .1 8 3 .1 0 .1 8 1 .8 2 9 0 .7 3 .1 8 1 0 0 .0 0

6i p o lic e c o n ta c t.

P o lic e a u th o r itie s

e s tim a te d t h a t o n ly a b o u t

f i v e p e r c e n t o f t h e y o u th i n th e t o t a l Los A n g e le s a r e a a r e booked.

I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n i t m u s t b e r e m e m b e re d t h a t some

d e l i n q u e n t s f r o m W i l s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l w e r e i n c o r r e c ­ tio n a l in s titu tio n s th e se

a t t h e t i m e t h e s t u d y w as m a d e ; s i n c e

c h ild re n d id n o t f i l l

not ta k e n in to

out q u e s tio n n a ire s ,

c o n s id e ra tio n *

t h e y w ere

T h is te n d e d to re d u c e th e

a p p a r e n t d e lin q u e n c y r a t e f o r th e W ilso n a r e a . The m a j o r i t y o f t h e c h i l d r e n who w e r e b o o k e d w e r e booked e i t h e r as v ic tim s m isd e m e a n o rs

(3*1Q p e r c e n t )

(2 * 3 6 p e r c e n t ) *

o r f o r c o m m ittin g

No c h i s q u a r e was c o m p u te d

b e t w e e n t h e e t h n i c g r o u p s f o r t h e g i r l s b e c a u s e s o fe w o f th e m w e r e b o o k e d t h a t n o t e s t s H o w e v e r, i t

of s ig n ific a n c e a re p o s s ib le .

seem s n o te w o rth y t h a t none of th e O r i e n t a l g i r l s

had any p o lic e c o n ta c t w h a tso e v e r. G hi s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p o l i c e c o n t a c t and no p o l i c e

c o n ta c t w ith in th e f o u r e th n i c g ro u p s as c a t e ­

g o r ie s , e q u a ls 3*86.

I m p o r ta n t, how ever, i s

th e f a c t t h a t

5 * 1 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e M e x ic a n b o y s c o m m i t t e d m a j o r o f f e n s e s , w h ile 6 .1 6 p e r c e n t c o m m itte d m isd e m e a n o rs . h ig h r a te

of se rio u s

T h is r e l a t i v e l y

o ffe n s e s ap p ears to approach s i g n i f i ­

cance; and th e f a c t t h a t a t o t a l

o f 16*1^9 P©r c e n t o f t h e

M e x ic a n b o y s h a d b e e n b o o k e d i n d i c a t e s s e n t s a m a j o r p r o b l e m t o t h e c o m m u n ity .

t h a t t h i s grou p p r e ­

S o c ia l s e r v ic e # a i d fro m th e v a r i o u s i n T a b l e XVII#

The p u p i l s w h o se f a m i l i e s h a d r e c e i v e d

c o m m u n ity s o c i a l a g e n c i e s a r e i n d i c a t e d

The d a t a w e r e t a k e n f r o m t h e r e c o r d s o f t h e

S o c i a l S e r v i c e E xchange w h ic h i s a c tiv itie s

a c l e a r i n g h o use f o r th e

of th e v a r io u s s o c i a l a g e n c ie s *

T he f a m i l i e s w e r e g r o u p e d i n t o s i x c a t e g o r i e s b y t h e ty p e o f a i d l a s t re c e iv e d *

I f th e f a m ily of a p u p il had l a s t

s o u g h t a i d fro m a h e a l t h a g e n c y th e y w ere so c l a s s i f i e d .

A

s i m i l a r g r o u p i n g was m ade f o r t h o s e who h a d a p p l i e d f o r re lie f*

The p u p i l s w ho se f a m i l i e s f o r some r e a s o n w e r e i n ­

v e s tig a te d by th e

j u v e n i l e a u t h o r i t i e s w e re p l a c e d i n t h e

p r o te c t i v e cate g o ry *

The c h i l d g u i d a n c e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i n ­

c l u d e s t h o s e p u p i l s w h ose f a m i l i e s h a d a p p l i e d t o o n e o f t h e a g e n c ie s w h ic h o f f e r t h i s

se rv ic e *

F a m ily c a s e w ork i n c l u d e s

su c h p ro b le m s a s h u sb an d s l e a v i n g th e f a m ily , c a p a c ita te d p e rso n s, and ille g itim a c y .

care of in ­

In c lu d e d u n d er c h i l d

c a r e a r e t h o s e f a m i l i e s who h a d p l a c e d t h e i r c h i l d r e n i n a d ay home*

T h i s i s s o m e t i m e s d o n e w h en b o t h o f t h e p a r e n t s

work* O n ly t h o s e f a m i l i e s who h a d r e c e i v e d some s o r t o f a i d f r o m 19^ 3 t o 19^9 w e r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e c o m p u t a t i o n s * The y e a r o f 1 9 ^ 3 was a r b i t r a r i l y

ch o sen b ecau se any s e r v ic e

t h a t a f a m ily m ig h t have s o u g h t p r i o r to t h i s

tim e p r o b a b ly

w o u ld n o t a f f e c t t h e c h i l d r e n o f t h i s s t u d y * Of t h e e n t i r e

sa m p le , 72*18 p e r c e n t o f th e f a m i l i e s

TABLE X V II

PUPILS WHOSE FAMILIES HAVE RECEIVED AID FROM COMMUNITY SOCIAL AGENCIES BY TYPE OF AID LAST RECEIVED, SEX, AND ETHNIC GROUP

Mex­ ic a n

N e g ro

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e T ype o f a i d l a s t r e c e i v e d ( 19l4.3~194-9) H e a lth R e lie f P ro te c tiv e C h ild g u id a n c e F a m i l y c a s e w o rk C h ild c a re No a i d r e c e i v e d T o ta l

2 5 .0 0

it.. 76 2 0 .4 1 3.4-0 2*72 2 .OJ4.

4-. 86 8 .5 4 1 .2 1 1 .2 1 1 2 .2 0

6 6* 67

7 1 .9 6

1 0 0 .0 0

7 5 .0 0

8 5 .7 2

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 4 .2 8

T o ta l s a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e T ype o f a i d l a s t r e c e i v e d ( 1 9 ^ 3 - 1 9 ^-9 ) H e a lth R e lie f P ro te c tiv e C h ild g u id a n c e F a m ily c a s e w ork C h ild c a re No a i d r e c e i v e d T o ta l

.6 6 l?* 3 4 4-67 2 .0 0 1 .3 3 7 2 .0 0

1 .0 3 1 7 .5 3 3 .0 9 4 .1 2 5 .1 2 2 .0 6 6 7 .0 2

9 5 .6 5

8 1 .8 2

2 .7 3 1 5 .8 2 3 .0 9 2 .1 8 3 .6 4 .3 6 7 2 .1 8

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 8 .1 8

NOTE: T h e s e d a t a w e r e t a k e n f r o m t h e r e c o r d s o f t h e S o c ia l S e r v ic e Exchange*

% r e c e i v e d n o a i d f r o m 19^-3 t o 1 9 ^4-9 * w h i l e 2 7 . 8 2 p e r c e n t o f th e f a m il ie s p e rio d *

d i d r e c e i v e a i d o n e o r m ore t i m e s d u r i n g t h i s

When t h e f a m i l i e s a r e g r o u p e d b y t h e t y p e o f a i d

l a s t r e c e i v e d , 15*82 p e r c e n t o f th e f a m i l i e s h a d r e c e i v e d r e l i e f s o m e tim e d u r i n g t h e s p e c i f i e d p e r i o d . age i s

T h is p e r c e n t ­

s i g n i f i c a n t l y h ig h e r th a n any o f th e o th e r c a t e g o r i e s

w h i c h h a v e a b o u t t h e sam e p e r c e n t a g e s e x c e p t i n t h e c h i l d c a r e w h ich t o t a l s

c a s e of

o n ly .3 6 p e r c e n t*

As h a s b e e n t h e c u s t o m a r y p r o c e d u r e i n t h i s

stu d y in

a n a l y z i n g t h e s e x a n d e t h n i c g r o u p b r e a k d ow ns, t h e g i r l s w i l l be c o n s id e r e d f i r s t *

Chi s q u a re , u s in g th o s e p u p ils

w h ose f a m i l i e s r e c e i v e d a i d a n d t h o s e who r e c e i v e d n o a i d w ith in th e f iv e e th n ic g ro u p s as c a te g o r ie s , M o st o f t h i s

to ta l is

due t o

th e f a c t t h a t n o t a s in g le

fa m ily of th e Jap an ese g i r l s had so u g h t a id . p e r cen t o f th e f a m ilie s

e q u a l s 1 2 .2 2 *

A b o u t 2 0 .ij.l

o f t h e N e g ro g i r l s h a d s o u g h t

r e l i e f , b u t o n l y 8 * 5 k- P e r c e n t o f t h e f a m i l i e s o f t h e Mex­ ic a n g i r l s had sought r e l i e f .

H o w e v e r, t h e M e x ic a n s n e e d e d

c o n s i d e r a b l y m ore f a m i l y c a s e w o rk t h a n d i d t h e N e g r o e s . C hi s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g t h e sam e c a t e ­ g o r i e s t h a t w ere u s e d f o r th e g i r l s , th e f a m ilie s

e q u a ls 8 .1 1 .

o f t h e N e g ro a n d M e x ic a n g i r l s ,

As w i t h

th e f a m ilie s o f

t h e N e g r o a n d M e x ic a n b o y s s o u g h t r e l i e f m o re t h a n a n y o t h e r s e rv ic e * W ith in e th n ic g ro u p s,

d i f f e r e n c e s i n s e x b r e a k dow ns,

as p e r ta in s to th e p e rc e n ta g e

of fa m ilie s

s e e k i n g some t y p e s

o f agency s e r v i c e s , a re m ost d i f f i c u l t to e x p la in *

For in ­

s t a n c e , t h e r e i s n o a p p a r e n t r e a s o n why 1 7 * 5 3 p e r c e n t o f t h e fa m ilie s

o f t h e M e x ic a n b o y s s h o u l d a p p l y f o r r e l i e f , w h i l e

o n l y 8*54- P e r c e n t o f t h e f a m i l i e s a p p lie d fo r t h i s

sam e s e r v i c e *

o f t h e M e x ic a n g i r l s

A lth o u g h t h i s

d iffe re n c e of

8*99 p e r c e n t l a c k s s i g n i f i c a n c e a t th e f i v e p e r c e n t l e v e l , it

s e r v e s a s a g o o d e x a m p le t o i l l u s t r a t e

be t a k e n i n i n t e r p r e t i n g

th e care

s m a ll sa m p le s t a t i s t i c s *

t h a t m ust D iffe r­

e n c e s s u e h a s t h e s e a r e p r o b a b ly due t o s a m p lin g e r r o r s ,

and

f u r t h e r s tu d y w o u ld be n e e d e d to d e te rm in e t h e t r u e p e r ­ c e n ta g e s* G e n e ra lly sp e a k in g , th e O r ie n ta ls ,

p a rtic u la rly

th e

J a p a n e s e , s e e m t o h a v e n e e d e d t h e h e l p o f t h e c o m m u n ity so m e­ w hat l e s s

t h a n t h e N eg ro es an d M e x ic a n s.

I t w o u ld a p p e a r

fro m t h e s e d a t a t h a t th e J a p a n e s e f a m i l i e s w ere b e t t e r o rg a n ­ i z e d smd f u n c t i o n e d m o re e f f i c i e n t l y a s a f a m i l y u n i t . ev er,

.How­

d if f e r e n c e s i n c u l t u r a l v a lu e s re g a rd in g s e l f r e lia n c e

may h a v e b e e n o p e r a t i v e h e r e .

For in s ta n c e ,

i t m ig h t be

h y p o t h e s i z e d t h a t J a p a n e s e f a m i l i e s may h a v e h e s i t a t e d t o a p p l y f o r r e l i e f o r some o t h e r s o c i a l s e r v i c e , t h e y w ere i n

e v e n th o u g h

d ire need of such s e rv ic e s , because o f tim id ity ,

sham e, o r r e a c t i o n t o r e a l or im a g in e d h o s t i l i t y on th e p a r t o f o t h e r A m e r i c a n s , g r o w i n g o u t o f W o r ld War I I * th e o th e r hand,

W h ile on

th e N egroes w o u ld h a r b o r no c o m p u n c tio n a b o u t

se e k in g s o c ia l s e rv ic e s * P la c e of g e o g ra p h ic a l o r i g i n *

T a b l e X V I II i n d i c a t e s

th e p la c e o f g e o g ra p h ic a l o r ig in o f th e p u p ils J u n i o r H ig h S ch o o l* p a tte rn s

of W ilso n

F o r p u r p o s e s o f co m p arin g t h e m i g r a t i o n

of th e v a rio u s e th n ic g ro u p s,

t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s was

d iv id e d i n t o f o u r g e o g ra p h ic a l a r e a s i n a m anner g iv e n i n th e n o te b elo w th e t a b l e *

T h e re w ere no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f ­

f e r e n c e s a s t o t h e y e a r th e p u p i l s m i g r a t e d t o Los A n g e le s w i t h r e g a r d s t o th e num ber o f m ig r a n ts ; m i g r a t i o n i n t o th e c i t y has been a t a c o m p a ra tiv e ly s te a d y r a t e t e n y e a r s *1

d u rin g th e p a s t

About te n p e r c e n t of th e p u p i l s s t a t e d t h a t

t h e y h a d come f r o m f a r m s * I n th e t o t a l sa m p le ,

o n ly 30*91 p e r c e n t of t h e p u p i l s

h a d l i v e d i n L os A n g e l e s f o r t e n o r m o re y e a r s * p e r c e n ta g e o f th e m ig ra n ts

( 3 4 * 9 1 ) came f r o m t h e S o u t h w e s t ,

w h i l e 2 0 * 5 4 P e r c e n t came f r o m t h e S o u t h e a s t * c e n t o f th e p u p ils

The l a r g e s t

O n ly . 3 6 p e r

came f r o m t h e N o r t h w e s t , w h i l e 3* 0 9 p e r

c e n t cam e t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f r o m a n o t h e r c o u n t r y * O n ly 1 7 * 0 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e N e g r o g i r l s h a d a lw a y s l i v e d i n Los A n g eles* c e n t)

M ost of th e N egro g i r l s

(39*45 p e r

came f r o m t h e S o u t h e a s t , w h i l e 3 5 * 3 8 P©** c e n t came

**■ I n T a b l e X V I I I , a n y c h i l d who h a d l i v e d i n L o s A n g e l e s f o r t e n o r m o re y e a r s w as c o n s i d e r e d t o h a v e a l w a y s l i v e d th e re *

67 TABLE X V I I I

PLAGE OP GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OP THE PUPILS BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N egro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e M ig ra te d to Los A n g e l e s from :: S o u th e a st S o u th w e st N o rth e a st N o rth w est O u ts id e U .S .A . A lw a y s l i v e d i n L.A* N ot a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

39.14-6 3 5 .3 8 2 .7 2 1 7 .0 0 5*kk 1 0 0 .0 0

i k . 29 2 3 .5 7

26*83 2 . 1*4 1 .2 1 9 .7 6 5 3 .6 6 6 .1 0

4 .1 7 5 0 .0 0 8 .3 3 k .1 7 k .1 7 2 0 .8 3 8 .3 3

8 7 .5 0 1 2 .5 0

k 2 .8 5 l k .2 9

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 ,0 0 T o ta l sam p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e M i g r a t e d t o L os A n g e le s fro m : S o u th e a st S o u th w est N o rth e a st N o rth w est O u t s i d e U . S .A . A lw a y s l i v e d i n L.A# N ot a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l

3 k . 00 3 8 .0 0 2 .0 0

2 .0 6 3 0 .9 3 1 .0 3

6 9 .5 6 k .3 5

9 .0 9

llf.6 7 1 1 .3 3

5 .1 5 5 3 .6 1 7 .2 2

k .3 5 1 7 .3 9 k -3 5

1 8 .1 8 6 3 . 6k 9 .0 9

2 0 . 5k 3k*9i 2 .5 5 .3 6 3 .0 9 3 0 .9 1 7 .6 k

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

NOTE: Th© f o u r a r e a s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w e r e o b ­ ta in e d by d iv id in g th e c o u n try i n t o f o u r q u a d r a n ts . The E a s t- W e s t a x i s e x te n d e d from th e D e law are-W est V i r g i n i a b o r d e r to th e C a lifo rn ia -O re g o n b o rd e r and fo llo w e d th e s t a t e d i­ v isio n s* The N o r t h - S o u t h a x i s e x t e n d e d f r o m t h e N o r t h D a k o t a M in n e so ta b o r d e r t o th e T e x a s - L o u is ia n a b o r d e r and f o llo w e d th e s t a t e d iv is io n s *

68

from t h e so u th w e st* g irls

s ta te d th a t

O n ly 2 0 * 8 3 p e r c e n t o f t h e J a p a n e s e

t h e y h a d a l w a y s l i v e d i n L os A n g e l e s , b u t

i t m u st b e rem em bered t h a t a c o n s i d e r a b l e num ber o f th e J a p a n e s e w e r e m oved t o r e l o c a t i o n c e n t e r s d u r i n g t h e w ar* The e t h n i c g r o u p w i t h t h e h i g h e s t p e r c e n t a g e o f s u b j e c t s who h a d a l w a y s l i v e d i n L o s A n g e l e s w e re t h e C h i n e s e * 4.2*85 p e r c e n t o f t h e A n g lo g i r l s

s ta te d

A bout

th a t th e y had liv e d

i n no o t h e r p la c e * G e n e ra lly , th e p e rc e n ta g e s tiv e

f o r th e boys i n th e re s p e c ­

e t h n i c g r o u p s w e r e a b o u t t h e sam e a s f o r t h e g i r l s ,

th e s e x o f a c h i l d a p p a r e n tly does n o t a f f e c t p a tte rn of h is p a re n ts;

s in c e

th e m ig r a tio n

th e sex d if f e r e n c e s w ith in e th n ic

g ro u p s i s p r o b a b ly due to sam p lin g e r r o r s * S um m ary*

In a d d itio n to th e c lu b -ty p e a c t i v i t i e s

o f f e r e d a t W i l s o n C e n t e r , some s o c i a l a g e n c i e s a n d c h u r c h e s a l s o p r o v i d e d t h e s u b j e c t s a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o beco m e m em bers o f c l u b s t h a t h ad a d e f i n i t e m e m b e rsh ip .

A c o n sid e ra b le

num ber o f t h e p u p i l s h a d j o i n e d t h e a g e n c y - s p o n s o r e d c l u b s , but th e u la r* tru e

c h u r c h c l u b s a p p e a r t o h a v e b e e n so m ew hat l e s s p o p ­ T e s ts o f s i g n i f i c a n c e i n d i c a t e d f o r th e m ost p a r t t h a t

d i f f e r e n c e s i n m em b ersh ip e x i s t e d b e tw e e n th e v a r i o u s

e t h n i c g r o u p s and b e tw e e n th e s e x e s * w e r e p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y m o re a c t i v e p a tte rn s

G e n e ra lly ,

i n th e s e c lu b s*

th e N egroes D iv e rg e n t

o f p a r t i c i p a t i o n on t h e p a r t o f t h e O r i e n t a l s

69 in d ic a te d ,

q u a n tita tiv e ly a t le a s t,

th e e f f e c t

th a t a p o s i­

t i v e c o m m u n ity p r o g r a m h a d u p o n t h e s e g r o u p s . M o st of t h e p u p i l s a t t e n d e d c h u r c h r e g u l a r l y ; m ore g irls

th a n hoys a tte n d e d *

T h e re w ere no d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n

e t h n i c g r o u p s among t h e g i r l s , b u t r e l a t i v e l y fe w o f t h e O r ie n ta l boys w ent to c h u rc h . The p l a y g r o u n d a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e W i l s o n a r e a w e r e a p o p u la r ty p e o f m ass r e c r e a t i o n .

D iffe re n c e s in p a r t ic ip a ­

t i o n b e tw e e n t h e v a r i o u s e t h n i c g ro u p s w ere d i s t i n c t f o r b o th th e boys and g i r l s ;

m o re b o y s t h a n g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d .

The

N egroes d o m in a te d th e p la y g r o u n d s c e n e ; w h ile th e O r i e n t a l s p a rtic ip a te d

som ew hat l e s s

th a n th e o th e r g ro u p s.

The c o m m e r c i a l m o v i e s c o n s u m e d m uch o f t h e s u b j e c t s * tim e ,

a n d w as u n d o u b t e d l y t h e m a j o r f o r m o f r e c r e a t i o n f o r

m any o f t h e m .

When v e r y f r e q u e n t a t t e n d a n c e was u s e d a s

c a te g o rie s fo r te s ts

of sig n ific a n c e ,

s ig n ific a n t d iffe r­

e n c e s e x i s t e d b e tw e e n m ost of th e e t h n i c g ro u p s and b o th s e x e s ; m o re b o y s t h a n g i r l s w e n t t o

th e m o v ie s.

Pew o f t h e

O r i e n t a l c h i l d r e n a t t e n d e d th e m o v ies e x c e s s i v e l y . A l t h o u g h m o s t o f t h e s u b j e c t s w e n t o u t o f t h e i r hom es a t n i g h t a t l e a s t o n c e a w e e k , m any n e v e r w e n t o u t a t Q u ite a c o n s i d e r a b l e num ber w en t o u t e v e r y n i g h t .

a ll.

T h is sug­

g e s t s t h a t some c h i l d r e n i n t h e a r e a w e r e o v e r - p r o t e c t e d , w h ile o t h e r s w ere u n d e r - p r o t e c t e d . w as e v i d e n t i n

T h i s sam e g e n e r a l p a t t e r n

c o n n e c t i o n w i t h m o v ie a t t e n d a n c e , b u t t o a

som ew hat l e s s d e g re e *

S ig n ific a n t d iffe re n c e s e x is te d be­

tw een t h e v a r i o u s e t h n i c g ro u p s w i t h r e g a r d s t o

th is

ite m *

More b o y s t h a n g i r l s w e n t o u t a t n i g h t * N e a rly h a l f o f th e c h i l d r e n p la y e d th e r o l e t a t o r a t som e s p o r t s e v e n t *

of spec­

D iffe re n c e s in a tte n d a n c e be­

t w e e n some o f t h e e t h n i c g r o u p s w e r e e v i d e n t *

P ro p o rtio n a te ly

m o re N e g r o e s t h a n a n y o t h e r g r o u p a t t e n d e d t h e s e e v e n t s * boys th a n g i r l s

More

a tte n d e d a t h l e t i c fu n c tio n s *

A b o u t one f o u r t h o f t h e s u b j e c t s w o r k e d o u t s i d e t h e i r hom es*

T h is s u s t e n a n c e - t y p e a c t i v i t y y i e l d e d no s i g n i f i c a n t

d i f f e r e n c e s b etw een e t h n i c g ro u p s w i t h i n sex es*

H o w e v e r, f a r

m o re b o y s t h a n g i r l s w o rk e d * The d e l i n q u e n c y r a t e f o r t h e W i l s o n a r e a was c o n s i d e r ­ a b l y h i g h e r t h a n f o r t h e c i t y a s a w h o le*

A lth o u g h th e r e

w ere no m ark ed d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n e t h n i c g r o u p s , a s tro n g

in d ic a tio n th a t

t h e r e was

t h e M e x ic a n b o y s c o m m i t t e d a h i g h e r

p e rc e n ta g e of th e s e rio u s o ffe n s e s .

More b o y s t h a n g i r l s

had p o lic e c o n ta c ts* O v e r one f o u r t h o f t h e f a m i l i e s o f t h e p u p i l s h a d a p p l i e d f o r s e r v i c e f r o m a t l e a s t on e s o c i a l a g e n c y * w as t h e s e r v i c e s o u g h t m o s t o f t e n *

R e lie f

The O r i e n t a l g r o u p s

a p p e a r t o h a v e a p p l i e d f o r a i d som ew hat l e s s

o f te n th a n th e

o t h e r gapoups* A n o t h e r i n d e x t h a t r e f l e c t e d m o re t h e a c t i v i t y o f t h e c h ild * s p a re n ts r a t h e r th a n h is

own s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t i e s w as

fa m ily m o b ility * Los A n g e le s a l l

A m in o r ity o f th e s u b je c ts had l i v e d i n of t h e i r liv e s *

M ig ra tio n p a tte r n s

c lo se ly

fo llo w e d e t h n i c group lin e s * G e n e r a l l y t h e A n g lo g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d l e s s co m m u n ity -ty p e a c t i v i t i e s H o w ev er,

th a n d i d m o st of t h e o t h e r g i r l s *

th e y w en t to c h u r c h a n d th e p la y g r o u n d s a b o u t a s

o fte n as th e o th e r g i r l s . th is

i n th e

g r o u p d i d n o t go t o

a t t e n d s p o r t s e v e n ts* s i d e t h e i r homes*

P r o p o r t i o n a t e l y m o re g i r l s

in

th e m o v ie s, go o u t a t n i g h t , n o r

None o f t h e A n g lo g i r l s w o r k e d o u t ­

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The s o c i a l

a c t i v i t y p a t t e r n s o f th e p u p ils

o f W ilso n

J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l fo rm a f u n c t i o n a l an d s t r u c t u r a l p i c t u r e of th e y o u th o f th e n e a r-s lu m s o f a g r e a t m e tr o p o lita n are a * These a d o l e s c e n t s a r e s e e n as o s c i l l a t i n g b e tw e e n th e s c h o o l, hom e, an d o t h e r s o c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s to ta lity tu te s

The

o f s o c i a l i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h i n th e W ilso n a r e a c o n s t i -

t h e d y n a m ic f i e l d

so c ia liz e d * itie s

w i t h i n t h e co m m u n ity *

o r m a trix w h e re in th e c h ild r e n a r e

The v a r i o u s s t i m u l i a f f o r d e d b y t h e m any a c t i v ­

i n w h i c h t h e c h i l d r e n e n g a g e f o r m new p e r s o n a l v a l u e s

and m o d ify o ld p e r s o n a l v a lu e s * ta tiv e

f,how m u c h ’1 r e g a r d i n g

T h is s tu d y g iv e s a q u a n t i ­

th e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f th e s u b j e c t s

i n t h o s e a c t i v i t i e s w h ic h w e re c o n s id e r e d *

T he s o c i a l s t i m u l i

o f t h e a r e a w ere c h a r a c t e r i z e d by b o th i n f o r m a l and fo rm a l fa c to rs

a t w ork i n a n e f f o r t t o m o ld t h e y o u t h o f t h e v a r i o u s

e t h n i c g r o u p s i n t o a m o re o r l e s s h o m o g e n e o u s m a s s o f Amer­ i c a n s who w i l l b e t o l e r a n t o f e a c h o t h e r s v a l u e s e v e n i f t h e y do n o t e a r e t o

a d o p t them *

The f i v e e t h n i c g r o u p s c o n s i d e r e d i n t h i s s t u d y d i s ­ p la y e d p a tte r n s

o f s o c i a l b e h a v i o r w h i c h i n some i n s t a n c e s

w ere q u i t e d i v e r s e and i n o t h e r i n s t a n c e s r e m a rk a b ly s im i la r * The r a n g e o f i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n t h e p a t t e r n s w e r e s u f f i c i e n t l y hom ogeneous, how ever,

to assum e t h a t e a c h e t h n i c gro u p

p o s s e s s e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w h ic h w ere d i s t i n c t fro m t h e o t h e r s Of c o u r s e ,

in d iv id u a l d if f e r e n c e s w ith in e th n ic groups a re to

be e x p ected *

S e x d i f f e r e n c e s i n hu m ans a s p e r t a i n s

b e h a v io r a re u n iv e rs a l*

When t h e d i v e r s e m o b i l i t y a n d h i g h l y

u rb a n iz e d f l u i d i t y p a tte r n s c o n s id e ra tio n ,

it

of th e s u b je c ts a r e

i s re m a rk a b le t h a t any t r a c e

to e th n ic group e x is te d a t a l l * p a tte r n s c o n s id e re d ,

to s o c ia l

ta k e n i n t o of c o n fo rm ity

Y et i n th e m a j o r i t y of th e

th e p u p i l s d i s p l a y e d b e h a v i o r t h a t i n d i ­

c a t e d t h a t th e v a lu e s th e y a d o p te d fro m t h e i r p a r e n t s and o t h e r m em bers o f t h e i r own e t h n i c g r o u p s s t i l l p e r s i s t e d . C o n sta n t c o n ta c t w ith p a r e n t a l a u t h o r it y

c o n t i n u a l l y renew s

a n d s t r e n g t h e n s t h e s e v a l u e s a n d t e n d s t o o f f s e t a n y nf o r e i g n i n f l u e n c e s w h i c h h a p p e n t o e n t e r t h e c h i l d 1s e n v i r o n m e n t . S in c e t h e r e w ere t r u e d i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n th e e t h n i c g roups c o n s id e re d ,

a n y p o s i t i v e e f f o r t on t h e p a r t o f t h e

c o m m u n ity t o r e d u c e r a c i a l a n d c u l t u r a l t e n s i o n s m u s t b e n e c e s s a r ily co ncern ed w ith a c c u ltu ra tio n * in d iv id u a ls a c t,

E a c h t im e tw o

o r tw o g r o u p s who p o s s e s s d i f f e r e n t v a l u e s i n t e r ­

th e re i s

a m o d if ic a tio n o f e x i s t i n g v a lu e s*

tic ip a n t le a v e s th e

s c e n e o f t h e i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h some o f

h i s v a lu e s and h is a t t i t u d e s

to w a rd t h e s e v a lu e s a l t e r e d .

P le a sa n t in te r a c tio n d ecreases p re ju d ic e s ; a c tio n in c re a s e s p re ju d ic e s* an u n c o n tro lle d ,

Each p a r ­

u n p l e a s a n t in te r * *

A c c u ltu ra tio n ta k e s p la c e in

s p o n ta n e o u s m anner, and a l s o as a r e s u l t

m a n 1s p o s i t i v e e f f o r t s *

of

A p e r s o n 1s a t t i t u d e s a n d v a l u e s a r e

n t o some d e g r e e m o d i f i e d b y e v e r y s t i m u l u s t h a t h e p e r c e i v e s . A c c u ltu ra tio n ,

th e re fo re ,

o ccu rs sp o n ta n e o u sly in ev ery d ay

s o c ia l i n t e r a c t i o n w h e th e r or n o t th e i n d i v i d u a l , m a tte r,

t h e c o m m u n ity i s

or f o r th a t

aw are o f i t *

H o w ev er, L o s A n g e l e s h a d g r o w n i m p a t i e n t w a i t i n g f o r th e n a t u r a l e v o lu tio n of th e s o c ia l p ro c e s s e s p ro b le m s;

th is

to so lv e i t s

“p r o g r e s s i v e 11 c o m m u n ity f e l t t h a t i t

c o u ld no

l o n g e r e n d u r e t h e i n s i d i o u s g r o w t h t h a t was t h e W i l s o n a r e a . So a f o r m a l , p o s i t i v e

s o c i a l p r o g r a m was i n a u g u r a t e d ,

and

t h e W i l s o n a r e a w as n o m i n a t e d t o t h e t o p o f t h e s o c i a l w o r k e r s 1 p rio rity l i s t

and s a t u r a t e d w ith y o u th -s e r v in g a g e n c ie s .

The

p ro g ram s a t W ilso n C e n te r and a t th e s o c i a l a g e n c ie s th ro u g h ­ o u t t h e a r e a w ere h o p e f u l l y d e s ig n e d t o draw th e y o u th o f t h e v a r i o u s e t h n i c g r o u p s t o g e t h e r i n w h o le s o m e i n t e r a c t i o n . The p l a n n e r s b e h i n d t h e p r o g r a m f e l t

t h a t once th e d i f f e r e n t

e th n ic gro u p s c o u ld a s s o c i a t e to g e t h e r i n c o n g e n ia l su rro u n d ­ i n g s t h e y w o u ld r e v i s e t h e i r o p i n i o n s t o w a r d e a c h o t h e r f o r th e b e t t e r .

I t was t h o u g h t t h a t b o t h t h e c l u b - t y p e a n d t h e

m a s s - t y p e a c t i v i t i e s w o u l d f u n c t i o n m ore o r l e s s a s i n t e r c u l t u r a l w orkshops w h e r e in th e p a r t i c i p a n t s

c o u ld l e a r n to

v ie w c u l t u r a l a n d r a c i a l d i f f e r e n c e s w i t h o u t a l a r m o r h o s ­ tility . I n a d d i t i o n t o e a s i n g r a c i a l an d c u l t u r a l t e n s i o n s , t h e p ro g ra m s w ere c a l c u l a t e d t o b u i l d b e t t e r p e r s o n a l i t i e s , d e v e lo p c h a r a c t e r ,

a n d g e n e r a l l y p r e p a r e t h e c h i l d r e n t o be

b e t t e r A m e r ic a n s *

To a c c o m p l i s h t h i s ,

t h e c o m m u n ity p r o g r a m s

had to n e u tr a liz e th e a n tis o c ia l v a lu e s i n s t i l l e d y o u th of th e a r e a b y t h e i r a d h e re n c e t o n e i g h b o r h o o d g an g *

In sh o rt,

th e

in th e

t h e c o d e s o f th e *

c o m m u n ity w as a t t e m p t i n g

to a c c e le r a te a c c u ltu r a tio n and a l l e v i a t e p e rs o n a l m a la d ju s t­ m e n ts b y o f f e r i n g th e y o u th r e w a rd s w h ich t o o k t h e fo rm , p rim a rily ,

o f r e c r e a t i o n i n c l u b s a n d m ass a c t i v i t i e s *

One o f t h e g r e a t p r o b l e m s o f t h e e n t i r e p r o g r a m was t o know j u s t how m any p u p i l s a n d w h i c h p u p i l s w e r e b e i n g re a c h e d r e g a rd in g th e range o f s e r v ic e s o ffe re d * g iv e s a q u a n tita tiv e p ic tu r e

T h is s tu d y

of th e ra n g e o f p a r t i c i p a t i o n

o f t h e p u p i l s o f W i l s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l *

Summary d a t a

f o r b o t h c l u b - t y p e a n d m a s s - t y p e a c t i v i t i e s w i l l now b e p r e ­ se n te d * T a b l e XIX i n d i c a t e s t h e t o t a l c l u b p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f th e p u p ils *

The c l u b s a t W i l s o n C e n t e r ,

a t th e c h u rch es,

and a t t h e s o c i a l a g e n c i e s w ere u s e d f o r t h i s t a b u l a t i o n * A b o u t 6 5 *0 9 p e r c e n t o f t h e e n t i r e m o re o f t h e s e c l u b s *

s a m p l e b e l o n g e d t o o ne o r

The a v e r a g e c l u b m em ber b e l o n g e d t o

2*02 c lu b s and w en t to m e e tin g s 6*96 ti m e s a m o n th . C hi s q u a r e co m p u ted f o r th e g i r l s , and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n th e f i v e g o rie s,

e q u a l s 9*^7*

u s in g p a r tic ip a n ts

e th n ic g roups a s c a te ­

O n ly t h e M e x ic a n a n d A n g lo g i r l s

p e a r t o h a v e b e l o n g e d t o c l u b s so m ew h at l e s s g irls*

ap­

th a n th e o th e r

76 TABLE X IX

TOTAL CLUB PARTICIPATION OP WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS DY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

N egro

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A v erag e num ber o f c lu b s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

8 0 .9 5 1 9 .0 5

6 8 .2 9 3 1 .7 1

7 9 .1 7 2 0 .8 3

8 7 .5 0 1 2 .5 0

1^2*86 5 7 .1 4

1 0 0 .0 0

100*00

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2 .5 7

1 .6 2

2 .1 1

2 .4 3

1 .6 7

8 .0 8

6 .0 0

7 . 2^

6 .7 5

4 .5 0 T o ta l s a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage num ber o f c lu b s p e r p u p il A v erag e m o n th ly p a rtic ip a tio n

6 5 .3 3 3 ^ .6 7

4 -3 .3 0 5 6 .7 0

4-3.48 5 6 .5 2

2 7 .2 7 7 2 .7 3

6 5 .0 9 3 4 .9 1

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 .7 0

1 .6 2

1 .7 0

1 .3 3

2 .0 2

6 .8 8

5 .3 3

7 .5 7

4 00

6 .9 6

NOTE: T a b l e XIX i n c l u d e s a l l c l u b s w i t h a d e f i n i t e m e m b e r s h i p s u c h a s s c h o o l c l u b s , c h u r c h c l u b s , a n d c o m m u n ity sp o n so re d s o c ia l ag en cy c lu b s* A p u p i l was c o u n t e d a s a f,p a r t i c i p a n t w i f h e b e l o n g e d t o one o r m o re c l u b s ; h e w as c o u n t e d a s a ’‘n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t 11 i f h e b e l o n g e d t o no c l u b s *

77

Chi s q u a r e co m p u ted f o r th e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w i t h i n th e f o u r e t h n i c g ro u p s as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s l6*lj.3*

A s ig n i f i c a n t l y h ig h e r p e rc e n ta g e o f

t h e N e g ro b o y s b e l o n g e d t o c l u b s t h a n d i d t h e o t h e r b o y s * Pew o f t h e C h i n e s e b o y s b e l o n g e d t o c l u b s * groups,

s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o re g i r l s

W ith in e th n ic

th a n boys b e lo n g e d t o c lu b s*

T a b l e XX i n d i c a t e s t h e t o t a l m a s s a c t i v i t y p a r t i c i p a t i o n of th e p u p ils *

O n ly t h e s c h o o l C a n t e e n ,

p la y g ro u n d s , an d th e m a ss-ty p e a c t i v i t i e s s o c ia l a g e n c ie s

s c h o o l m o v ie s,

sponsored a t

th e

are in c lu d e d in th e ta b le *

A bout 7 6 .0 0 p e r c e n t o f th e t o t a l sam p le e n g a g e d i n one o r m o re o f t h e s e m a ss a c t i v i t i e s .

T h o s e p u p i l s who d i d

p a r t i c i p a t e w ent to 2 .6 0 d i f f e r e n t a c t i v i t i e s

ll* i|-5 t i m e s a

m o nth* C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e g i r l s ,

u sin g p a r t ic ip a n ts

and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w ith in th e f i v e e th n ic g ro u p s as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s 3 5 • 1I4.--

The N e g ro g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d t h e m o s t ,

w h ile th e O r ie n ta l g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d th e l e a s t . C h i s q u a r e c o m p u te d f o r t h e b o y s , u s i n g p a r t i c i p a n t s and n o n - p a r t i c i p a n t s w ith in th e f o u r e th n ic g ro u p s as c a t e ­ g o rie s,

e q u a l s 30*83*

m ass a c t i v i t i e s

The N e g ro b o y s p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e

s i g n i f i c a n t l y m o re t h a n t h e

o th e r boys.

O r ie n ta l boys a p p e a r to have p a r t i c i p a t e d th e l e a s t .

With**

i n e t h n i c g r o u p s , m o re b o y s t h a n g i r l s p a r t i c i p a t e d . I t is

The

e v id e n t th a t a m o d e ra te ly h ig h p r o p o rtio n o f

78 TABLE XX

TOTAL MASS ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION OP WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS BY SEX AND ETHNIC GROUP

Mex­ ic a n

Japan­ ese

C h in ­ ese

A n g lo

7 9 .5 9 2 0 . ip.

6 7 .0 7 3 2 .9 3

2 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0

3 7 .5 0 6 2 .5 0

k 2 . 87 5 7 -l i

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

2 .8 3

1 .5 3

1 .1 7

1 .3 3

1 .3 3

1 2 .1 3

5 .3 3

lj.. 00

3 .0 0

2 .5 0

N e g ro G irls P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A v e r a g e no* o f a c t i v ­ i t i e s p e r p u p il A verage m o n th ly p a r t i c I p a t i on

T o ta l s a m p le

Boys P e rc e n ta g e P a rtic ip a n ts N o n -p a rtic ip a n ts Not a s c e r t a i n a b l e T o ta l A verage itie s A verage par t i

no* o f a c t i v ­ p e r p u p il m o n th ly c i p a t i on

9 2 .6 7 7*33

77*32 2 2 .6 8

6 0 .8 7 3 9 .1 3

til

7 6 .0 0 2 4 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0

3 .3 2

2 .1 1

1 .9 3

1 .6 0

2 .6 0

1 3 .9 0

8 .9 6

1 6 .7 8

i(..5o

n .l( 5

NOTES T a b l e XX i n c l u d e s t h o s e a c t i v i t i e s w i t h o u t d e f i n i t e m em b ersh ip s u c h as th e c a n t e e n , s c h o o l m o v ie s , p l a y ­ g ro u n d s , an d t h e m ass a c t i v i t i e s o f th e v a r i o u s s o c i a l a g e n c ie s * T h o s e m a ss a c t i v i t i e s t h a t a r e n o t s p o n s o r e d b y e i t h e r t h e s c h o o l o r a s o c i a l a g e n c y a re ex clu d ed * M o v ie , c h u r c h a n d s p o rts a tte n d a n c e a re , th e r e f o r e , n o t in c lu d e d in t h i s ta b le *

th e p u p ils p a r t i c i p a t e d to

some d e g r e e i n one o r m o re o f t h e

s c h o o l and c o m m u n ity -sp o n so red a c t i v i t i e s . a c tiv itie s

The m a s s - t y p e

w e r e m o re p o p u l a r t h a n t h e c l u b - t y p e a c t i v i t i e s *

The m ass a c t i v i t i e s ,

f o r th e m ost p a r t ,

w ere d o m in a te d by

t h e N e g r o e s who f o u n d t h e m s e l v e s p l a y i n g a m a j o r i t y - g r o u p ro le *

The O r i e n t a l s

a p p a re n tly lik e d

s h i e d aw ay f r o m t h e m a ss a c t i v i t i e s ,

but

t o j o i n c l u b s t h a t w e r e m o re c l o s e l y s u p e r ­

v is e d and r e g u la te d * The A n g lo g i r l s ,

p la y in g m in o rity -g ro u p r o le s ,

t o h a v e b e e n a t h o r o u g h l y d i s o r g a n i z e d g ro u p * p o p u l a t i o n o f A n g lo g i r l s

appear

The e n t i r e

a t W i l s o n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l w o u ld

make i n t e r e s t i n g s u b j e c t s f o r a m o re c o m p r e h e n s i v e t r e a t m e n t o f race re la tio n s *

The A n g lo g i r l s

ap p ear to have been

a b o u t a s d i s o r g a n i z e d a s a p r o p o r t i o n a t e num ber o f N egroes w o u ld b e i n a t y p i c a l l y A n g lo d o m i n a t e d s c h o o l * The M e x ic a n b o y s a n d g i r l s a p p e a r t o h a v e p r e s e n t e d m ore p r o b l e m s t o t h e s c h o o l a n d t o t h e t h e N egroes* se rio u s n ig h t,

The h i g h r a t e

c rim e s c o m m itte d ,

o f tru a n c y ,

co m m u n ity t h a n d i d th e l a r g e num ber o f

e x c e s s iv e freed o m to go o u t a t

a n d e x c e s s i v e m o v ie a t t e n d a n c e a l l

e n t a l c o n t r o l w as n o t a s s t r i c t i t was f o r th e o t h e r g ro u p s *

s u g g e s t t h a t par-*

f o r t h e M e x ic a n c h i l d r e n a s

The M e x ic a n s s e e m e d r e l u c t a n t

t o j o i n t h e m e m b e r s h ip g r o u p s , a n d e n g a g e d m o re i n t h e m a s s a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h a r e m o re v u l n e r a b l e f l u e n c e s i n t h e c o m m u n ity .

to th e n e g a tiv e i n ­

80

Some y o u t h i n t h e W i l s o n a r e a w e r e b e i n g s a t u r a t e d w i t h s o c i a l w o rk a c t i v i t i e s , w h i l e o t h e r s w e r e n o t i n a n y way b e i n g r e a c h e d *

The y o u n g s t e r s who d i d p a r t i c i p a t e

in

t h e p r o g r a m s s p e n t , a t m o s t , a few h o u r s a w eek i n a s o c i a l s i t u a t i o n a l l e g e d l y c o n d u c iv e t o m ak in g b e t t e r c i t i z e n s o f th em * l

out

But th e y s p e n t th e re m a in d e r of t h e i r tim e i n

t h e i r hom es a n d i n t h e o t h e r p r i m a r y g r o u p s w h i c h c o n t r i b u t e d to

th e f o rm a tio n o f u n d e s ir a b le v a lu e s i n th e f i r s t p la c e *

T h erefo re,

it

is

p r o g r a m w as i t s in to

s u g g e s t e d t h a t o ne i n a d e q u a c y o f t h e w h o le fa ilu re

to b r in g th e p a r e n ts o f th e c h i l d r e n

th e sp h e re o f s o c ia l th erap y *

U n le ss th e v a lu e s o f

b o th th e c h i l d r e n and th e p a r e n ts a re m o d ifie d s im u lta n e o u s ly , t h e c h a n c e s f o r p e r m a n e n t b e n e f i t s b e i n g e f f e c t e d seem s l i g h t * A fte r a l l ,

in th e f in a l a n a ly s is i t

p e tu a te s u n d e s ira b le v a lu e s .

is

th e fa m ily t h a t p e r ­

I n f a c t , w o rk in g w i t h th e

c h i l d r e n e x c l u s i v e o f th e p a r e n t s m ig h t e a s i l y a g g r a v a te t h e s i t u a t i o n i n a s m u c h a s t h e c h i l d r e n m ay b r i n g home v a l u e s w h ic h t o

th e p a r e n ts a r e u n te n a b le *

T h is i s

b u t one a s p e c t o f t h e m u l t i t u d i n o u s p r o b l e m s

t h a t f a c e s o c i a l w o r k e r s a n d s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t o r s b o t h on th e p la n n in g l e v e l and i n th e f i e l d .

Each p e rso n a s s o c ia te d

^ I t w o u ld ta k e a s tu d y o f a d i f f e r e n t d e s i g n to d e t e r ­ m in e i f t h e s u b j e c t s a c t u a l l y h a d t h e i r a t t i t u d e s a n d v a l u e s , changed f o r th e b e tte r *

w ith an a tte m p t to

change th e d i r e c t i o n ,

fu n c tio n ,

or s tru c ­

tu r e o f th e s o c i a l p ro c e s s e s s h o u ld e n d eav o r to th in k i n term s o f t o t a l c a u se an d e f f e c t *

At th e p r e s e n t tim e , m an’ s

s c i e n t i f i c k n o w l e d g e o f t h e w o r k i n g s o f hum an s o c i e t y i s l i m i t e d t h a t he sh o u ld e x e r c is e u tm o st c a u tio n in h i s e ffo rts*

so

te lic

H is p r e s e n t f e e b l e e f f o r t s a t r e s o l v i n g e x i s t i n g

s o c i a l d i f f e r e n t i a l s may a c t u a l l y p e r p e t u a t e f a c t o r s w h i c h w i l l c o n t i n u e t o m ake f o r s o c i a l d i s o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d d e t e ­ rio ra tio n *

S o c ia l d i f f e r e n t i a l s ,

su ch as th o se c a u se d by

th e i n te r a c t io n o f v a rio u s e th n ic g ro u p s,

t e n d g r a d u a l l y to

d i s a p p e a r o r c h a n g e t h e i r f o rm w i t h t i m e b y m ean s o f s p o n ­ ta n e o u s, u n c o n tro lle d a c c u ltu r a tio n . The a s s i m i l a t i o n o f d i v e r s e g r o u p s b y a n a t i o n may b e a c c e l e r a t e d when t h a t n a t i o n i s

a t t a c k e d b y a common en em y ,

o r when t h e p o p u l a t i o n a s a w h o le b e c o m e s m o re e d u c a t e d * I t is th e re fo re p o ssib le

t h a t th e p o in t o f d im in is h in g r e ­

t u r n s h a d l o n g ag o b e e n r e a c h e d r e g a r d i n g s o c i a l w o rk i n t h e W ilso n a r e a .

The c o o r d i n a t i o n o f a s o c i a l w o rk e n t e r p r i s e

as ponderous as t h i s s e e m in g ly im p o s s ib le .

one becom es v e r y d i f f i c u l t a n d a t tim e s C o n se q u e n tly ,

c a t i o n of e f f o r t en su e s*

T h is i s

i n e f f i c i e n c y and d u p li­

n o t to be c o n s tr u e d as an

e x h o r t a t i o n f o r a f,do n o t h i n g , ” l a i s s e z f a i r e s o c i a l p ro b le m s,

ap proach to

b u t m e re ly as a p r e s e n t a t i o n of b o th s id e s

of th e s i t u a t i on• P r e s e n t day l i v i n g i s so s u b j e c t to ch an g e b e c a u se o f

82 t e c h n o l o g i c a l a d v a n c e s t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e v a l u e s o f one g r o u p may b e d e s i g n a t e d a s d e s i r a b l e

a t th e p r e s e n t,

t h e s e same

v a l u e s may b e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e u n d e s i r a b l e a t some t i m e i n th e f u t u r e .

P erhaps i t

is

o n ly th ro u g h th e e x is te n c e

of

s o c i a l d i f f e r e n t i a l s and c o n c o m ita n t c o m p e titio n and c o n f l i c t th a t in d iv id u a ls a re s tim u la te d to s ta v e o f f a le th a r g ic ex iste n c e * T o t a l m o d e rn w a r f a r e ,

or p e rh a p s j u s t th e p o s s i b i l i t i e s

o f s u c h a c a t a s t r o p h e , m ay i n t h e f u t u r e m e l t t h e s o c i a l d i f ­ fe re n tia ls

e x ta n t i n th e U n ite d S t a t e s a t su c h a r a p i d r a t e

t h a t t h e f a l t e r i n g e f f o r t s made t o d a y a t r e s o l v i n g s o c i a l c o n f l i c t s w i l l have b een w r i t t e n o f f as a n o th e r n o b le , b u t g e n e ra lly in e ffe c tiv e , se rio u s b efo re

s o c ia l e x p e rim e n t.

C e r t a i n l y m ore

s t u d y i s n e e d e d on t h e W i l s o n - t y p e s o c i a l e x p e r i m e n t th e r e a l w o r th o f s u c h a p r o j e c t c a n be e v a l u a t e d . A s id e from t h o s e a s p e c t s of th e s t u d y w h ic h w ere

d i r e c t l y c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e s o c i a l w o rk p r o g r a m s i n t h e W ilso n a r e a ,

one o f t h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t g e n e r a l p a t t e r n s

i n v o l v e s t h a t g r o u p o f c h i l d r e n who w e r e o v e r - p r o t e c t e d a n d t h a t g r o u p who w e r e u n d e r - p r o t e c t e d .

The o v e r - p r o t e c t e d

y o u th p a r t i c i p a t e d i n o n ly t h o s e a c t i v i t i e s w h ich w ere c l o s e l y su p e rv ise d , hand,

a n d p r o b a b l y fe w o f t h e s e .

W h ile on t h e o t h e r

th e u n d e r - p r o t e c t e d y o u th ra n g e d a t w i l l th ro u g h o u t

t h e a r e a and w e r e s u b j e c t t o t h a t abounded.

t h e n u m e ro u s n e g a t i v e i n f l u e n c e s

T h is l a t t e r g ro u p p a r t i c i p a t e d m o s tly i n th e

83 r e l a t i v e l y u n s u p e r v i s e d m ass a c t i v i t i e s . p a re n ta l c o n tro l,

or th e la c k of i t ,

re s p o n s ib le f a c to r ;

In e i t h e r group,

w as p r o b a b l y a m a j o r

th is p a r e n ta l c o n tr o l ap p eared to have

v a r i e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y b etw een e t h n i c g r o u p s . F or f u r th e r stu d y , c o rre la tio n a l a n a ly s is ,

i t w o u ld be p r o f i t a b l e t o t e s t , b y

th e h y p o th e se s t h a t n e g a tiv e b e h a v io r

p a t t e r n s s u c h a s e x c e s s i v e f r e e d o m t o go o u t s i d e n ig h t, are

tru a n c y and d e lin q u e n c y ,

t h e home a t

and p o o r s c h o o l a d ju s tm e n t

a l l h ig h ly and p o s itiv e ly c o r re la te d ;

and t h a t p o s i t i v e

p a tte r n s su ch as good sc h o o l a d ju stm e n t, r e g u la r ch u rch a tte n d a n c e , and d i s c r im in a tiv e s o c i a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n a re a l s o h i g h l y and p o s i t i v e l y c o r r e l a t e d . The J a p a n e s e , i n th e W ilso n a r e a .

a p p a re n tly ,

w e re t h e b e s t a d j u s t e d g r o u p

A n o t h e r s u g g e s t e d s t u d y w o u ld b e t h e

c o m p a riso n of t h e p l a s t i c i t y

o f th e v a lu e sy ste m s o f th e

J a p a n e se w ith th e v a lu e sy stem s o f th e r e l a t i v e l y p o o r ly ad­ j u s t e d M e x ic a n s i n a n e f f o r t

t o d e t e r m i n e why t h e J a p a n e s e se e m

t o be a b l e t o a d a p t t h e i r f o lk w a y s , m o res an d i n s t i t u t i o n s

to

new s o c i a l s i t u a t i o n s w i t h c o m p a r a t i v e e a s e . I t is

th e go al o f a l l s c ie n c e s to p r e d i c t and c o n tr o l.

The i n f a n t s c i e n c e o f s o c i o l o g y m u s t be c o n t e n t , f o r t h e p resen t a t le a s t,

to s p e a k i n te rm s o f p r o b a b i l i t i e s .

P er­

h ap s th e m ost im p o rta n t o v e r - a l l c o n t r ib u t i o n of t h i s

s tu d y

is

its

c o n t r i b u t i o n to k n o w led g e a b o u t t h e v a r i o u s a t t r i b u t e s

and m easu rem en ts c o n s i d e r e d .

T h is a d d e d k n o w led g e e n a b l e s

8ijth© p l a n n e r ,

a d m in istra to r,

and r e s e a r c h e r to p r e d ic t and

c o n tro l,

in

term s o f p r o b a b i l i t i e s ,

w h ic h i t

w o u ld b e p o s s i b l e w i t h o u t t h e d a t a g i v e n i n t h i s now

c o m p le te d stu d y *

beyond th e e x t e n t to

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY B i o s , P e t e r * , ”A d o l e s c e n c e , I t s S t i m u l a t i o n s a n d P a t t e r n s , 11 C h i l d h o o d E d u c a t i o n , l 8 : 7 9 - ® 3 > O c t o b e r , 1914-1* _________, The A d o l e s c e n t P e r s o n a l i t y * C e n t u r y Com pany, I n c • , 1 9 ^ 1 •

New Y o r k : D* A p p l e t o n -

B o s s a r d , J a m e s H. S * , The S o c i o l o g y o f C h i l d D e v e l o p m e n t s New Y o r k : H a r p e r a n d B r o t h e r s , 1958* C o le , L u e l l a , P sy c h o lo g y o f A d o le s c e n c e * a n d R i n e h a r t , I n c * , 1952*

New Y o r k : F a r r a r

C o w e l l , C. C *, ”D a i r y A n a ly s is -« * A S u g g e s t e d T e c h n i q u e f o r th e S tu d y o f C h ild re n * s A c t i v i t i e s and I n t e r e s t s , ” R e s e a r c h Q u a r t e r l y , May, 1937* G l o s s , G* M*, R e c r e a t i o n R e s e a r c h * P r i n t i n g Company, 1 9 ^ 0*

B a t o n R o u g e : J . E* O r t l i e b

H o l l i n g s h e a d , A u g u s t B*, Elm town* s Y o u t h * W i l e y a n d S o n s , I n c • , l91±9•

New Y o r k : J o h n

K v a ra c e u s, W illia m C ., J u v e n ile D e lin q u e n c y and th e S c h o o l* Y o n k e r s - o n - H u d s o n , New Y o r k : W o r ld Book Company, 19l+5>* L a n d is , P a u l H ., A d o le sc e n c e an d Y o u th * H i l l Book Com pany, I n c * ,

New Y o r k : McGraw-

Lehm an, H. C*, a n d P . A* W i t t y , The P s y c h o l o g y o f P l a y A c t i v i t y * New Y o r k : A. S* B a r n e s a n d Company, 1927* M a r t i n , E d w in D*, ”A S t u d y o f A b s e n t e e s a n d A b s e n c e s i n J u n i o r H ig h S c h o o l , ” S c h o o l a n d S o c i e t y , % 3zl\23-2l\., M a r c h , 19q.l* M e y e r, H a r o l d D *, a n d C h a r l e s K. B r i g h t b i l l , C om m unitv R e c r e a t i o n * B o s t o n : D* C« H e a t h a n d Company, 19ifO* P u n k e , H a r o l d H*, ” L e i s u r e Time A t t i t u d e s a n d A c t i v i t i e s o f H i g h S c h o o l S t u d e n t s , ” S c h o o l a n d S o c i e t y , lj.3 r 8 8 l4 .-8 8 , 1936* R i c h a r d s , E* S * , ” C u l t u r e C h an g e Due t o M i g r a t i o n —*A S t u d y o f N e g ro M i g r a t i o n To C a l i f o r n i a , ” S o c i o l o g y a n d S o c i a l R e s e a r c h , 26(14.) :33l|--ij-5, 1914-1-42*

87

Shaw

’

- *

incy A r e a s *

C h i c a g o : The U n i v e r s i t y

S h e v k y , E s h r e f , a n d M a r i l y n W i l l i a m s , The S o c i a l A r e a s o f L os A n g e l e s * L o s A n g e le s :; U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s , 19^9♦ T h r a s h e r , F r e d e r i c M ., The G a n g * C h icag o P r e s s , 1927•

C h i c a g o : The U n i v e r s i t y o f

W h y te , W i l l i a m F * , S t r e e t C o r n e r S o c i e t y * U n i v e r s i t y o f C h ic a g o P r e s s , 1 9^3•

C h ic a g o :. The

W ren n , C. G i l b e r t , a n d D* L* H a r l e y , Tim e On T h e i r H a n d s ♦ W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . : A m e r i c a n C o u n c i l o n E d u c a t i o n , 19ip.« Z o r b a u g h , H a r v e y W ., The G o ld C o a s t a n d t h e S lu m * The U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s , 1 9 2 9 •

C h ic a g o :

APPENDIX

APPENDIX

As

QUESTIONNAIRE

RECREATION SURVEY WILSON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL B7 C GRADE B8 ( B9 (

) ) )

A7 ( A8 ( A9 (

) ) )

HOME ROOM

NAME ADDRESS

1. 2* 3.

BOY g ir l"

AGE (

) YEARS

HOW OFTEN DO YOU GO? W r i t e down how m any t i m e s t h i s l a s t m o n th How o f t e n do y o u go t o W i l s o n C a n t e e n ? ( " T " " .............. How o f t e n do y o u g o t o t h e Monday n i g h t p ro g ram s i n th e W ils o n A u d ito riu m ? W r i t e dow n t h e o t h e r WILSON CENTER c l u b s o r a c t i v i t i e s y o u b e l o n g t©£ NAME OF CLUB OR ACTIVITY SL• b* c.

(

)

( ( (

) ) )

( (

) )

a*

(

)

b.

(

)

I f you b e lo n g to any c h u rc h young p e o p l e 's g r o u p , w r i t e down t h e name o f t h e g r o u p : NAME OF CHURCH YOUNG PEOPLE'S GROUP a* How o f t e n d i d y o u a t t e n d c h u r c h l a s t m o n th

( (

) )

W r i t e down o t h e r c l u b s o r a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h you go t o i n o t h e r p l a c e s £ NAME OF ACTIVITY a* b. W r ite dow n t h e nam es of p la y g r o u n d s b e s i d e s W ilso n you-go t o : NAME OF PLAYGROUND

6*

7.

90 8*

W r i t e down o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s y o u go HOW OFTEN DO YOU G-0? t o l i k e L a n g u a g e S c h o o l o r P r i v a t e W r i t e down how m any m u sic o r d a n c in g le s s o n s * D onft t i m e s t h i s l a s t m o n th p u t down W i l s o n c l u b s a g a i n : OTHER ACTIVITIES a* C ) b * ________________________________________

9* 10*

11#

12. 13*

A b o u t how m any t i m e s i n t h e l a s t m o n t h d i d y o u g o t o t h e r e g u l a r m o v ie t h e a t r e s ? A b o u t how m any t i m e s i n t h e l a s t m o n t h d i d y o u go t o w a t c h t h e b a l l gam es ( a t W r i g l e y F i e l d ) o r t o h i g h s c h o o l g am es a n d t r a c k m e e t s ? ( P u t n u m b e r) How m any o f t h e s e v e n n i g h t s l a s t w eek d i d y o u r p a r e n t s l e t you go o u t? ( P u t n u m b e r) I f you go o u t i n th e e v e n in g , t e l l w h at you t h e t i m e : ____________________________ ______________

(

)

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)

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)

(

)

do m o s t o f

Do y o u h e l p o u t w i t h t h e w o rk a t home? Y es ( ) No ( ) W h at k i n d o f w o rk a t home do y o u do?______________________ Do y o u h a v e a j o b o u t s i d e y o u r home? Y es ( ) No ( ) I f y e s , a* T e l l w h a t k i n d i t i s ____________________ ________ b* How m any h o u r s d i d y o u s p e n d o n y o u r j o b l a s t w eek ? ( P u t n u m b e r ) ( ) c* How m u ch m o n ey d i d y o u m ake l a s t w eek on y o u r jo b ? ($; )

ll}.*

How m any m o n th s o r y e a r s h a v e y o u l i v e d i n L os A n g e l e s ?

15*

I f y o u came t o L os A n g e l e s f r o m so m e w h e re e l s e w here you l i v e d b e f o r e : TOWN D id you l i v e r

te ll

STATE On a f a r m ?

I n a c i t y o r to w n ?