A Commentary on Hesiod: Works and Days, vv. 1-382 9004074651, 9789004074651

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A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days, vv. 1-382 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1999[/DP]End of Citation

Page ii

MNEMOSYNE BIBLIOTHECA CLASSICA BATAVA COLLEGERUNT A. D. LEEMAN H. W. PLEKET C. J. RUIJGH BIBLIOTHECAE FASCICULOS EDENDOS CURAVIT C. J. RUIJGH, KLASSIEK SEMINARIUM, OUDE TURFMARKT 129, AMSTERDAM SUPPLEMENTUM OCTOGESIMUM SEXTUM W. J. VERDENIUS A COMMENTARY ON HESIOD Works and Days, vv. 1-382

LUGDUNI BATAVORUM E.J. BRILL MCMLXXXV

Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1999[/DP]End of Citation

Page iii

A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days, vv. 1-382 BY W. J. Verdenius Emeritus Professor of Greek Language and Literature in the University of Utrecht

LEIDEN E.J. BRILL 1985 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1999[/DP]End of Citation

Page iv

ISBN 90 04 07465 1 Copyright 1985 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1999[/DP]End of Citation

Page v

Contents Preface.

vii

List of Abbreviations

ix

Commentary

1

Index of Subjects

183

Index of Greek Words

186

Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1999[/DP]End of Citation

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PREFACE A commentary should be concise and exhaustive at the same time. Whether 1 have aztaioed this ideal will be doubted by many readers. On the one hand. I have included many questions of grammar and idiom which might seem too elementary. On the other hand, 1 have omitted to discuss many subtleties of composition discovered by others. Criticism of these extremes will not weigh heavy upon my conscience. My attention has always been focused on the difficulties hampering our understanding of the text, and I have tried to show that these are much more numerous and serious than is commonly assumed. This view, too, may be disputed, and it may k argued that we should not expect complete clarity of thought and expression from a primitive mind such as Hesiod's. It i s my sincere conviction, however. that the work af a man who proclaims 'to tell the truthhshsuld be approached with careful observation and intellectual respect. I have confined myself to the first part of the poem because this seemed to me to need more detailed explanation than the rest. A short analysis of the sequel has been given in Entret.s.l'ant.class. 7 (1962), I48 R.,and some notes on 383-404 and 504-35 have been published in Mnem. 1V 38 ( 1 9801, 379 ff.

Zeist, February 1984

W.J. V.

“This page left intentionally blank.”

LIST OF ABBREVlATIONS -

---

-

W. J.

Verdenius. A u i h v und Ah.r~rhrdcr E I ~in: . K . t o n Frlt7 4'1 a!.. Hesr(lth~er elm i~flue?lc~ (Entret s. rant. class. 7. Vandocurrcs-Gcnbvc 1942). 1 10-70. 0.Bccbcr. Du.~Bild &.s WPRPSund rcrwundrt. F'c>r.vrt,lhr~rgt~n un fnilrgrirc/tiw./rtn D ~ n k ~(Hermes n E~nxlschr.4. k r l r n I937). I-{. Bulkcstcin. Wohlrdrr~kt~if und Arntcnpffrgr inr ~~m~~htirtlic~ltrn Alirrrlrnr

( V t n ~ h t1939).

Bruhn Chantr. Chantr.. Dicr. Pqnr.

- E. Bruhn. Sophnklc.~.Anhang (Berlbn 18W) - P Chantrainc, Urun~nruirehcmt;riqu~.1 ('Par~s1972). 11 (Paris

1953). - P. Chanlralne. Dtc~inntruire drrnroko&rrc. d, Irr l u r ~ ~ tXrtv d ~ q titp ( P a r l ~ E96H-80).

Col.

- A.

hnn. Devcr

-

Edwards

- G. P. Edwards. Thr Lanxuufr qf Hrxirni in i f r TrerJiricmulTotrrc.rl (Oxford

Ev.

--

-

Colonna, Ev~olfo.LP n p r t Be r ~ i o r a(Mikiln i 1967) The Grmk Porriclt#,t(20xford 19541. K.J. Dover. Grttek Popular Moralr~? in I / I ~ -T i r n p ( t / PIurt~anif Arrsntark.

J.

I$. Denniston.

(Oxford 1974).

1971).

Fehling

Fink Frankel

H G. Evelyn-White. Hri~iod.#he H ~ K P I IHy#rmm.+ ~ X I ~ rtnd Hrltttvnt u 4 Loch

Libr., ZLondon-New York 193h). - D. Fehling. Dir W ~ ~ d r r h ~ l l u n ~ s C iund p u r ilrr n Gchtuuchhhv rlrn Gr~rl,hrtr inorGor,giu.t [Berlin 1969). - G . Fink, Pundoru und E p i m r h ~ u(Erhngen .~ 1YfiX). - 11. Frankel. Dlrhtung w J Ph~loifophirrk.7 friihrtt Gtit~cE~~~nrlm#r ('Munich 1962).

Fuss

- H , Frinkel. W q c rind Fomtrn f r ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ h i r cDtwkrn\ * I r i - n ('M un1c.h 1 960). - W. Fuss, I7cr.tu(.h eint.r Ana/z:r~!,on He.rroh -Ej~;.rrA ai 'Hju:#nir4 Lei p i g -

van Groningen

Borna 1910). - B. A. van Groniagen. Lu r(~mpo.siiionSifirrrrirriirrhlt(tYqw. grerquia( Amslcr-

Frdnkel. H!u.F.

dam 1958). H. M . Hays, No~c.rr~rt the Worka and Du,l:r IC'hiuagcl 1918). - E. Hcitsch (ed.). H~.viod(Darmstadt 1966). -- M . Hoffmann, DIPethi.v('he Terminolo~k5 hi,; H ~ I I I I PHTc.~ i r dund din wtrcn HoiTmann Eleg~krrnund Jumht~gruph~n (Tbbrngen 19 14). - J. Hurnhert. Syntuxe Rrecqw ('Paris t 9 W . Humbert Kuu Fmann- Buhlc.r - D. KauFmann-Ruhler, He.ciod utrd dtt, Tisir itr 11.r Ortl.rrca~.Hcrmes 84 (1956). 267-95. - J. Kcrschensteiner. Zu Rlrfialr und Gt.Junh~nfihrungtmonHI,.TIO~V E~R~I. Hennes 79 (1944). 149-91. - R. Kuhner - F. Bless, Gxanrma~ik&r ~rit~c.hdcltettSpruc-lrr. I : Elt,n~cnrur. K.R. und Formmlehre (Hannover 1890-0-2). - R. Kchner - B. Gerth. Grammurik dcr grirc*hr.'l. 'l7 ·~1 . • ' It i~ Hue th .. t thl' d~s..:ription or thc [ rid"s imptic's ;! c'"ntr:\s! " lwis.:h~n dn~r 'om lI imm,'1 l"itw~isc "uferk~ten s.:hidung und cincr ,buernd auf [rden I>ch"im .. te!"'ll Kraft"' (h'inkel. 1~~I. hUllhe ph ras.: r,,· /li~'.l("H docs nn' "ontain Ih~ id ..,.. "l"dur"ti,>Il " For the ,,(ln~,'ptio" 01" [ .. rlh as thc mOlhcr or orl)!i n ,'f human lifc d . W. F'l\J)h. 0' :1" J'"lhkllflll" ""., ,1m' & 1h..1l'''' ':1'\11«1, il il\cl"d;'s sUggcsti(ln is hascd nn lIis miS;rpprchen ~inn ,'f Ihe of 'in lhe tirsl part the poem', "in eincr idealen Rcrhgprcrhun{', as il i, called by Mundin g (abI1 1l1~"n ·kltm~ !!" I h~ pr~·,,",nl s (from Ih~ Ja r)" C DJ nicl s~Iln. al"> : ··1I1e I.II/i..:;,\ di s.;rcp,"'c) Ih~1 m,'" ha s h,'lh 1h" h()~ ,,·hich i, surp"".uw haw ....·m:lIned III Ihe ho.l ,{. :lnd Ih" e, ils "hrch h:"e "'''''I'o.: r!!1. "aar~;rn men \/ij "rl ~ iJn . h,·1 "I- h,·1 ""'c !In.II' !!'·'' leI. tcr"" ij l mell "Ill d" alldere k:on ' da,,,in " "k !el' kan ,'po.:r~"11 "111 er \Cut IIJ'! I" , 11),1 !,! ..·hrulk ' ·an Ie maken·· "" I-"r iinhl. 1 t> .~. J : ,,1.. W" ./-".. .1.11-4, Simil"rl~ R,·rn h"f..l1. or. rll. ~ .\1 I ~ ·l h,,/ " (;("1" . ~lI n . Ker-;.:h,·nSlc1ner. 2. Nicolai . .12_3. ,,, ' K, '''II Fr ill. Enlre!. s. I"illll. o:Ia~s . VII (1'I6~). .' 7. maml ;o;ns · ··Un,j ,,,,,"n ",rn~,·h ..li,· 11 ,'tl"llllng rmrner m>0.: had In pr,,':lin·. u"e. lIul ~Ull his sph('re "r Ih olll/hl '''' Cf. I' . W"ln'l. Herm . X'III'I(1). 25(J ·· Her jar IS .,,)1 a Sl"'''!!e pu t Irk~ Ihe !/Ialll prll.. " [",:"Ied III Ihe 1I1"!1~line~ ill K 1I0SS0S. hUI a prison u>cu 111 shul :I"'a~ whal II ":0111:1111' If "e wam ,In "nalo!!y rHlm Home •. we musl l·UlI1pa. e il Iu lite hwnl(.· jar ;n ",h,,·h O I()S a nu t: phr;ol l:0; Iii,;).>:" ""'J"'" al,,; ,) , pomt , "ado:. IS n,,1 ,·,'rr~,·t : d . ll,>(n. A ~~7. i. 4 ~4 . Wil. Ih in ks ,hat Ik, 'fllellu.;tl h' tlr~", a par"Ud oct"e,'n Ihe , ue(.;s,j"ll "r Ihe r"c' ~s "f l\1.:n "nd that "f th" r.,..:r, "f )."(\cl, "fr Il,IlI,'IlIC'hl " )1 ,,11.:-' ,,,!,!,'n ",Ile-n. ",'mkrn " )I "iw~ . 1m IIUl" h~ k "uf d,e er.,'y,,,·i,, hal ,'r i!,·",gl ' ,h, Ur'l'rung "t tle"cl~' Apa rt from Ihe r~":llhal ~ lIc'h a..:"n l:"llin;'l",n """lIu make Ih.· p,,"el .! mmldk·h,'ad . 0\ shuu lJ he· rH>I,'u tha i the parallelism ""wiled II~ Wil. "1'1'1,,-, 10 Ihe glll,)e n rae..: ,'til> WI.' m"inl"Ul ' Ihal Ih.· ,","nnwn or;!,!;n "f g.l). 93 IT.. IBIf.. Fran~"i .,. "I'. 1J).UK(;~ to b.: shepherds Icf. Polil. 271 cd. Leg . 71 .It·d 3(6). We, rightly quotes Rohde's remark that i:nlZUO\'lOl i~ contrast.:d wilh Owi tnoUpU\'lOl. unoxOovlO1 ( 14 1) being II seconda ry (,(lntnt s\. hUI do.:), not give further ex planation . Th.: tas k of \\iL1ching human justice i~ a s~igno.:d roy Homer 10 t he gods themselves . who go round on earth disguiso.:d ;1 ... .. trangers (p 485·7). Hes. l.:Ould not ildopt this conception heC " h ' he 1"'lInd in G. lohse, / '",,,nltdflmK"1I If"",,', ; il,/I, · h"; I'lal,'" ( H :!mhur~ 1'11-,1) 1.'1' ,,/ Hclik The nmi,s lon of Ihe lines Ily AeS. 1011. lB. 141. 145-6. 159-60. 25.'. .'110 Meliae 145 mendicam:y 26 mental altitude 260.282 45 merChandise metals IW.147 having vital power mct r~

illus\rOjlivc 292. JII2 middle causative 35. 349 ~02. 203. 207. 210. 211. 299 mOI:k -heroism modesty 40-] morality and religion Muses 1-2,9 name XO. 154 natur al and supernatural 10.' Near East 109.171 ne-cklace 74 neighbour 343·11 nightingale 203. 208 oath 190.219.2112 171 Oceanus old age 113. 181. 18l!, 3.'11·2. 37H-II0 optative betwccn suhjunl'livc:s .nll orphans oversea trade 45.23f> 40. 57-H oxymoron Pandora 58-89.94-5 paralhesis parenthesis 24. 1011. 2611 paren ts rcspoct due to Ili2. 1~5·K. 33 1-2 JXlrliciple imperfec1 292

no

"

INDEX OF SU BJECTS

t:.lpresSC'S main idea i ll used as sU ~ l an l ive 5. 12. JOY. 360. 363. 3M p:llrun ymie 54 Pd . ho B flCrfe'ing 201.227. 234. 2~~. 273 perJur> 190. 194. 219. 282 Pers.:s 10.211 . .\4-5. 31. 208. 213. 274. 293-9. J II. .\11. 359 . .HI persunal problems 10. 103. 20K. 321. 316 personilkalion II. 32. 92. 96. 142. 196.200. 21 .' - 219·23. 2.10· 1. 256·60 pessImism 175. 119. 210-2 philusophy 12.60 P buo quoting Hcs. 122·) pleona sm 91. 113. 157. 221 plural (lf abSlTaC I nouns 16.134.146.192.245.

319.

no. m

ampl ifyi ng K. 96, 211 after si ngula r 13.\.375 ." ".;'-'''/;.' 2911 pola r e.~p/essiun 3.9. 101. 102. 175 polyplolon 23. 11l 2-.~ po.en. ial ~ ~prcsSlng sureness 10. 188 prcdica lc nprc ~sing rcsuh 6.\ presen t dcsiderati\"c 223 pnmogcnotllre 17 rr\JI:m 10 P romelhells 411·51.54. K6 pronolln genda anticipated I.H person;1i 33. 166.167.246 ..'22 p rophc. 10. pro"crbs 22.23.40. 21K. 317. 3ti7 200 pllhlic opinIon · reilie-.diun· II. 224 rcpetl' lon 112. 124 ·5. 1411-9.223 cmpha lk 4. 52. 79. 97. 188. lOS, 22 1. 2211·9. 236. 239. 20ll. 21$5. 303, 307. 354. 355. 356 in ncgali,'c form 97.2211·9.268. 354.355. 356 of prcposilion 91. 102 Tepu ' a lion k'C : fume

.w

16. 49. 106. 1111. 200. n~ respt>n si bilit)" 269.211.1 rh ymc sacrifice 1.\ 6 ..H6·9 sclf-conlidcncc 10 ..\ 5. 40. 107. 179. 201$. 248.2'12 self·iron) 26 sheep 3011 sleep 116 IJI. 1.111·9. [tll ·l 190·6. 320·4. social lifc 342·62 st reng.h as a liqui d 6(, subject and ohjo:c' SlIbjuncl i\"c follo lll'cd h)" IIldica liw 22 4. 21e) inslca d of oplati,'c 1111 persisten~c 221 prospcdi,'c 511 short-"owd 31. 224. 28.\. 293. 3~2. 321. 330 sliMlan. i,·c a§ a ll ribu.c 191 -2. H I slIfl"ering 21~ supplian. 327 SynilCSis 5. 144.202. 24K. 261. 286. !9~ TIrNlgmry II . 17. .\9. 48.58.7.\.112. 105. 149 thought and aclion 49 and wo rd 111 Ihrce 173.252 I~ . 59. 74·5. lKII. 2M . 3.\7 tmcsis troc he.: 2~ Ir ulh 10- 1 unanim ousn~ss 1112 IItilitari an i~m ~2, 24. 214. 340. .\51. 3SS-nJ

or

~,h

used absululc1}' 349. ~5 1

1.5.9. 44.2 111. 296.

~17.

inlransiti\'~

vicissitllde 5 vocativc 26.1 "owcls illust rat i,·c 20~ lII'alcr 61 wealth 24. 126.)011.311.3111 lII'oman 58. 64.67. 7K. 302. J73·5 lII·ord- pl... )" 3 zcugma 19 Zeus 2-1 0. It>. 18,36.48.79.99. I l l. 122. 011.229.239. 145. 2!'3. 273. 3.'.1

INDEX OF GREEK WORDS ~umbers

rerer

GUIlIO;

10

the linn or the G reek luI discussed in the commen tary. ·A).L~I ')'U"£ I;

148

UUW 2113 lI.,o.90,; 'profitable' 19. 24. 236. 279. 294, )1 4. 317,320.356 ciy~\,lI)p 7 ,; )M Il/.untw 193.258.283.365 Ilpuiw 5 'Iuill "city' 162.2211

!iIUKtOpo.; !iIO:\'!iIXO

ytVC~

OW;

~~11l

'offs pring'

!ii K(l lo~ 211. 22t.. 280 !iiK'l 'o nc's dlle' 224. 239. 271 'rishleousness' 9.213.217.220.249.256. 269. 215. 278. '~n lente' .16.39. 124.192.2 19

oio;

299

OI~W

)14

001101;

96

&ilpo\' 'gi\"ins'

'58

Ow~yo~ &Ot'l~

284

I I. 109. 299 'IIlpOOIIOI 260

17

1.1

39.221.264

356 )55

'I[Voc;

biw

'I11\'()1I 01 ·turn uut to be' 88.280 'I1'I'..oo"W 218.281

'lca\'c alone' 342 ty!Cti!,lu." , 344 tOthUlG.; II II tOH,w 210 'ma ke bold'

·I).UUKWIU~

'Io\'CUt;

72 235. J) I

39, 136.280

'u~ '0'

'I1JIO"OPO; b6 OOllloVIO; 207 &liIlW\' 122 'fortune' )1 4

t:i K(l i equivalent '0 !Coi ci 32 1. 344 tilll 192 copulati.'e and existential

"

'"

apodot;c 23.239.284. 297. 325. ))) aft er apo~ trophe 27. 213. 248 complemen tary 31t0 consccuti"e 18 , 95. 193. 24). 31 4. 324. 326. .1.'3. )80. 3S 1 286 emphalic moli"ating 13. niS I. 1S4. 178. 210. 217. 21S. 22K. 231, 313. 317. 325. )75.

m specifying 9. 40. SO. 57. 70. 102. 117. 186. 215, 22 1. 227. 242. 290. 331 & O:(l i 164 Ute n.21~.2S4

01:11.0; 113

'm i~rablc'

'socially inrerior

&illvo\,

214

268

142

inlfoducing conclusion

o'illo; oui

261

'by aid o r

21

".

intcnsifying

270

48.83. 106.

1~9.

tKti\'~

295

and K£i.-o;

tKW\' tl.lli~

282 96

t llllOUOIIOI ',a ke heart'

'0

" 'similarl y'

101.297

283

~vO'lIlOl;

225 hillw 194 t~ 2. SB . .1111 lII",potO~

Otim:po; 'infe rior

84. 290

hCIIH

209

&PKOII(l1 'Iook acu,cly' &llTl: I

';

'into'

t loop(lw

114 6~

iII'lctQvc", 31 tlli II with acc. 4l with d~t. with gen. III 'in addi tion' 194 iIIl' intcntio nal 29.67. 2M. 275 tllioP!COI; 2112 tnlot(l~t~ 101

323, .173

188

INDEX OF GREEK WORDS

fp',o\-

{OOI'

119,2.'1 .Ill. 316

'pn"juct"

·.... orkin{ ErrOl·HIt 'rclurn'

JW

toO).o; 'protilahlc'

116. 119. III 179.2116.347.

.'6

·,.udally superior' tW1110';

214

l ID

i'.tf.pO~

collcctive

11(9 ~71!

'in }'our plal:e' tr~tlI~\l~

10

Cll emphatic

174

'competen t ]} . r.l,\ · ~

107.295

,129 197

£.JpilOnu 229 £';pu; 246 J 53

f.ljp(!)r.\~

t i>erally' 350 ... oo:up 141. 171 ... t·(lIPU 'housc' .'17 pCI.lI; of death 155 of iron \ 51 ... i:,.f.O 1-19

retrospective 35.80.3112 'as is known here ' 39. 2-19. 269 010 equivalent to w; 312 0100 'care ahoul' 187 o h::o; 2.1.244 . .'16 'su pplics'

)-1&1.&&0\'1]

O}.~a;;

66

1lr.),11]3~;

'delicious' 172 Ilt/.w 2Jl 146. 2.1~ of nalural tende ncies II t ll l'l] l'U1 rer~rring 10 execu tion 198 Il tv before a podotic 3£ 22 emphati~ III. 122. 137. 141, 152, 16 1. 170. 187

prepa rahvt 17.37,50 )7 referring had-. IIt\' . lIim 127 IItpo,¥ 109

l-'i:qllO; lIi:tpOI'

21!4

for 0';'

174

referring to ac tion

49. 95

24 1 30. 360

111];((11"001-'(11 1l0uI'o-,&I'~;

376

1I0UVO~

'single'

II 200. 303

O).lWo;

reinforcing a concessil"e clause OIl O ~W

oll1')3£w Olll lltixoJ Olll~

324 142.313.326 29 \87.251

oP)'~

'temperament' 01'010;

304

290 .HO 359

with subjuncti\"c 241 0.:.& consecUll\'c 28. 190. 23f> 182 mOlivaling 40. 17f>. 1~7 specifyi ng 'and not" 228. 348 'and no t evcn' 176. ItI~ ou&>c; 331 oi'>nw

'nOl

31

air

21.'

oi)t ~

"&1-' 0",(11

'enjoy'

119.131 40.131. 2 18. 286

2J1

"ioOIl(l1

[2.89,202,261 .267.286.29.\. 296

,'6... 0~ 'c ustom' I'~

'shorf (of timc) 2~1I olloit o; ' unanimous ' 182

Oull~

1-' ~301l(l1

I'O[W

'abundance' 281, .119. 321 . .1.::0. 379 6).i),0; and ).IlKI'm; 30

equivalen t 10 ti 0