Английский язык. Уроки репетитора 9785992503159

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УДК 372.8 ББК 81.2 Англ 922 Х 76

Х 76

Хоменкер Л. С. Английский язык. Уроки репетитора. — СПб.: КАРО, 2012. — 360 с. ISBN 9785992503159. Среди многочисленных изданий по английскому языку, вышедших за последние годы, данное пособие занимает особое место. Оно содержит оригинальную авторскую методику эффективного овладения английским языком, прошедшую многолетнюю практическую проверку. Пособие может быть полезно учащимся средних учебных заведений и студентам вузов, деловым людям и тем, кто самостоятельно изучает английский язык. УДК 372.8 ББК 81.2 Англ922

ISBN 978 5 9925 0315 9

© Хоменкер Л. С., 2003 © КАРО, 2004

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32

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33

MJHDBQL?GBY

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>WH*O@ >UH*N@ >SOH*Q@ >VQH*N@ >OH*Q@ >WH*O@ >ZH*@ >UH*@ >QH*O@ >Z/Q@ >JH*W@ >SOH*W@

kdZadZ ]jZ[eb kZfhezl af_y ljhibgdZ o\hkl imlv^hjh]Z emq gh]hlvdh]hlv h^bg dZebldZ lZj_edZ

IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbykwlbfbkeh\Zfb ih-jmkkdb ih-Zg]ebckdb Wlh_klv ha_jh It is a lake. Wlh_klv ehiZlZ It is a spade Wlh_klv dhgzd It is a skate. Wlh_klv dZebldZ It is a gate. Wlh_klv kdZadZ It is a tale. Wlh_klv ]jZ[eb It is a rake. Wlh_klv kZfhezl It is a plane. Wlh_klv af_y It is a snake. Wlh_klv ljhibgdZ It is a lane. Wlh_klv o\hkl It is a tail. Wlh_klv ^hjh]Z It is a way. Wlh_klv emq It is a ray. Wlh_klv gh]hlv It is a nail. Wlh_klv mjhd It is a lesson. E;J@ Wlh i_khd. It is _ sand>V;QG@ Wlh reyiZ. It is a hat>K;W@ Wlhe_lmqZyfurv It is a bat>E;W@ Wlh djukZ. It is a rat>U;W@ Wlh \_lqbgZ. It is _ ham>K;P@ Wlh y[ehdh. It is an apple>;SO@ Wlhd_idZ It is a cap>N;S@ Wlh dZkljxey. It is a pan>S;Q@ Wlh [ehdghl. It is a pad>S;G@ Wlhq_eh\_dfm`qbgZ  It is a man>P;Q@ Ijbf_qZgb_:_kebhij_^f_l_g_evaykdZaZlv©^\Zi_kdZª©ljb\_lqbgu», ©iylvfZk_eªlhi_j_^lZdbfbkeh\Zfbkeh\h©a »g_klZ\blky



37

Mjhd 4

Lesson four >I3@

IhagZdhfvl_kvkgh\ufbkeh\Zfb a desk a tent a peg a terrace a can where

>GHVN@ iZjlZ >WHQW@ l_gl >SHJ@ \_rZedZ >fWHU-V@ l_jjZkZ >N;Q@ dhgk_j\gZy[ZgdZ >Z(-@ ]^_? dm^Z"

a net a shelf a bed a bench the where is

>QHW@ >7HOI@ >EHG@ >EHQW7@ >'-@ >fZ(-U*]@

k_lv ihedZ djh\Zlv eZ\dZ wlhwlZwlhl ]^_gZoh^blky

Kijhkbl_]^_gZoh^blkyij_^f_lbhl\_lvl_gZ\hijhk Where is the bag ? =^_gZoh^blkyihjln_ev" Where is the sand ? Where is the hat ? Where is the bat ? Where is the rat ? Where is the ham ? Where is the cap ? Where is the pan ? Where is the pad ? Where is the man ?

It is on the desk. HggZoh^blkygZiZjl_ It is in (\) the tent. It is on (gZ) the peg. It is in the terrace>fWHU-V@ It is in the net. It is in the can. It is on the peg too>W9@ lh`_. It is on the shelf. It is on the bed. He >K,@ is on the bench.

IjhqblZcl_ke_^mxsb_ij_^eh`_gby ih-jmkkdb Y\b`mkeb\db Fu\b^bfqZc Hgb\b^ylnZkhev Y\b`mdexq HgZ\b^bllxe_gy Hg\b^bl^_j_\h I_ly\b^blfhj_ Klb\\b^blhjeZ ?\Z\b^blf_klh Hg\b^blex^_cgZmebp_   38 

ih-Zg]ebckdb I see cream>NU,P@ We see tea>W,@ They>'H*@see bean>E,Q@ I see a key>N,@ She sees a seal >V,O@ He sees a tree>WU,@ Pete sees a sea>V,@ Steve sees an eagle>,JO@ Eve sees a seat>V,W@ He sees people in the street>VWU,W@

Mjhd 5

Lesson five

*W *]@ >PD*@

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>7D*@ >OD*N@

aZkl_gqb\uc ex[blv gjZ \blvky ice-cream >D*VNU,P@ fhjh`_gh_ >VH*@ say kdZaZlv >NH*W@ Kate DZly >ED*ED*@ ^hk\b^Zgby bye-bye >WD*@ a tie ]Zeklmd >ID*Q@ fine ij_djZkguc >OD*@ a lie eh`v >SD*@ a pie ibjh`hd >WD*P@ time \j_fyjZa >SD*Q@ pine khkgZ shy like

L_i_jvijhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbykwlbfbkeh\Zfb ih-jmkkdb WlhfhcjZaf_j Wlhfhcklbev Hgg_ribhg HgZhq_gvobljZy WlZmebpZrbjhdZy G_[hdjZkb\h_k_]h^gy :gyhq_gvaZkl_gqb\Zy Yex[exfhjh`_gh_ KdZ`bDZl_©^hk\b^Zgbyª Wlhl]ZeklmddjZkb\uc Wlhg_ijZ\^Zeh`v  Fg_gjZ\blkywlhlibjh`hd Dhlhjuc qZk? Wlhfhc[mfZ`gucaf_c

ih-Zg]ebckdb It is my size. It is my style. He is not a spy. She is very sly. The street is wide. The sky is nice today>W-gGH*@ Ann is very shy. I like ice-cream. Say Kate bye-bye. The tie is fine. It is a lie. I like this>'*V@pie. What time is it? It is my kite.





39

Mjhd 6

Lesson six

IjhqblZcl_m`_agZdhfu_\Zfkeh\Z big in a dish mittens winter a kitten little a mirror a tie dye a pie a lie they

>E*J@ [hevrhc >*Q@ \ >G*7@ [ex^h >fP*W-Q]@ \Zj_`db >fZ*QW-@ abfZabfgbc >N*WQ@ dhl_ghd >OLWO@ fZe_gvdbc >fP*U-@ a_jdZeh >WD*@ ]Zeklmd >GD*@ djZkdZ >SD*@ ibjh`hd >OD*@ eh`vg_ijZ\^Z >'H*@ hgb (bf)

a bag a hat a cap an apple a pad bad a stamp a lamp green a fan a mat a sack need (not)

>E;J@ kmfdZ >K;W@ reyiZ >N;S@ d_idZ >;SO@ y[ehdh >S;G@ [ehdghl >E;G@ iehohc >VW;PS@ fZjdZ >O;PS@ eZfiZ >JU,Q@ a_e_guc >I;Q@ \_glbeylhj >P;W@ dh\jbd >V;N@ f_rhd >Q,G@ gm`ghg_gm` gh

IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbykwlbfbkeh\Zfb ih-jmkkdb Fg_gm`gh[hevrh_[ex^h GZfgm`gu\Zj_`db Fg_gm`_gdjZkgucdh\jbd Bfgm`_gfZe_gvdbcdhlzghd GZfgm`_gy[ehqgucibjh] Fg_gm`gZabfgyyrZidZ ?fmgm`_g[ehdghl ?cgm`gZa_ezgZyeZfiZ I_l_gm`_g\_glbeylhj ?\_gm`gZfZjdZ Klb\mgm`gha_jdZeh ?fmg_gm`gh]h\hjblvg_ijZ\^m  

40 

ih-Zg]ebckdb I need a big dish. We need mittens. I need a red mat. They need a little kitten. We need an apple pie. I need a winter hat. He needs a pad. She needs a green lamp. Pete needs a fan. Eve needs a stamp. Steve needs a mirror. He need not say a lie.

Mjhd 7 Lesson seven >fVHY-Q@ Ijhqlbl_m`_agZdhfu_\Zfkeh\Zk[md\hcO o >-X@ wm >U-XG@ ^hjh]Z a nose >Q-X]@ ghk a road >E-XW@ eh^dZ a stone >VW-XQ@ dZf_gv a boat >K-XO@ >V-XS@ fueh a hole ghjZ[_jeh]Z soap >fN-XW@ iZevlh a rope >U-XS@ \_jz\dZ a coat >U-X]@ >-XN@ a rose jhaZ an oak ^m[ >S-XO@ >O-XI@ [Zlhg a pole klhe[ a loaf >fV-XI-@ khnZ^b\Zg >N-XO@ m]hev a sofa coal >f-XS-Q@ hldjulZ >fJ-XW@ dhaZ open a goat  may be >PH*E,@ fh`_l[ulvfh]ml[ulv IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbykhkeh\Zfb may be ih-jmkkdb ih-Zg]ebckdb Ghkfh`_l[ulv^ebgguf long A nose may be < dhjhldbf short >73W@ DZf_gvfh`_l[ulv[hevrbf big A stone may be < fZe_gvdbf little ;_jeh]Zfh`_l[ulv]em[hdhc deep A hole may be < g_]em[hdhc not deep )*N@ A pole may be < thin >)*Q@ KhnZfh`_l[ulvfy]dhc`zkldhc A sofa may be soft, hard >\_jvfh`_l[ulvhldjulZ open A door >G3@ may be < aZdjulZ closed >hjh]Zfh`_l[ulv^ebgghc long A road may be < dhjhldhc short Eh^dZfh`_l[ulv[hevrhc large >O%G=@ A boat may be < fZe_gvdhc small >VP3O@ Fuehfh`_l[ulvdjZkguf red Soap may be < a_ezguf green IZevlhfh`_l[ulvabfgbf winter A coat may be < \_k_ggbf spring >m[fh`_l[ulvfheh^ufklZjuf young An oak may be < old 

41

Mjhd 8

Lesson eight >H*W@

Ijhqlbl_m`_agZdhfu_\Zfkeh\Zk]eZkghc[md\hcO o >-X@ wm\ aZdjulhfkeh]_ >73WV@ a dog >G2J@ kh[ZdZ shorts rhjlu >S2W@ >O2N@ a pot [ZgdZdhl_ehd a lock aZfhd >E2WO@ a clock >NO2N@ qZkugZklhevgu_ a bottle [mluedZ >G2O@ >N2W@ ^_lkdZydjh\ZldZ a doll dmdeZ a cot >IU2J@ ey]mrdZ a block >EO2N@ dm[bd a frog >V2IW@ >;QG@ bZ soft fy]dbc and (a) toy >W2*@ b]jmrdZ, a pocket >fS2N*W@ dZjfZg  >N2WQ@ oehihd b]jmr_qguc cotton >fOHWP,fWH*N@ iha\hevl_jZaj_rbl_ fg_\aylv let me take IjhqblZcl_k\ujZ`_gb_fij_^eh`_gbylet me take ih-jmkkdb ih-Zg]ebckdb Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvfhxkh[Zdm Let me take my >PD*@ dog. Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvfhbqZku Let me take my clock. Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvfhxdmdemb Let me take my doll and the block.

dm[bd

Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvb]jmrdm\fhzf dZjfZg_ Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvfy]db_oehidh\u_ rhjlu Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvwlhlaZfhd Iha\hevl_fg_\aylv[mluedmfhehdZ Iha\hevl_fg_\aylvwlmb]jmr_qgmx a_ezgmxey]mrdm



Let me take a toy in my pocket. Let me take my soft cotton shorts. Let me take the lock. Let me take a bottle of >-Y@ milk. Let me take the toy green frog.

Mjhd 9 Lesson nine Ijhqlbl_m`_agZdhfu_\Zfkeh\Zk]eZkghc[md\hcU u>M9@x\ hldjulhfkeh]_ >fWM9O*S@ lxeviZg a pupil >SM9SO@ mq_gbd a tulip >WM9Q@ tune f_eh^by a student >VWM9G-QW@ klm^_gl >WM9E@ >fWM9Q*@ a tube lx[bd tuny f_eh^bqguc >fPM9]*N@ fmaudZ >VM9W@ music a suit dhklxf >M9]@ >G=9V@ to use bkihevah\Zlv juice khd >M9V@ >fG=9V*@ use ihevaZ juicy khqguc >fPHU*@ >K*]@ merry \_k_euc his _]h a tutor >fWM9W-@ j_i_lblhj nuisance >fQM9VQV@ gZ^h_^eb\uc to amuse >-gPM9]@ jZa\e_dZlv to excuse >*NVgNM9]@ ba\bgylv 42 

IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbykwlbfbkeh\Zfb ih-jmkkdb ih-Zg]ebckdb Dhey - mq_gbd. Nick is a pupil. ?]hk_kljZ-klm^_gldZ His sister is a student. Lufh`_rvihevah\Zlvkyfh_c You >M9@ may use >M9]@ my pen. jmqdhc Yex[ex\_kzemxfmaudm I like merry music. Luf_gykf_rbrv You amuse me. Y^he`_gba\bgblvkyaZhiha^Zgb_ I must excuse for my coming late. LxeviZg-djZkb\ucp\_lhd A tulip is a nice flower >fIODX-@ WlhldhklxfdZdjZa^eyf_gy This >'*V@ suit is just >G=/VW@ for me. Y[ehqguckhdhq_gvihe_aguc Apple juice is very usefull >fM9VIXO@ Hghq_gvgZ^h_^eb\uc He is very nuisance >fQM9VQV@ M:gb_klvj_i_lblhj Ann has >K;]@ a tutor. WlZfmaudZ\_kzeZybf_eh^bqgZy This music is merry and tuny. Mjhd 10 Lesson ten Ijhqlbl_agZdhfu_keh\Z\dhlhjuo]eZkgZy[md\ZU u >M9@ xklhbl\ aZdjulhfkeh]_ >G/VW@ >E/Q@ dust iuev]jyav a bun [mehqdZ >N/W@ >fV/S-@ to cut j_aZlv supper m`bg a puppy >fS/S*@ s_ghd a rubber >fU/E-@ j_abgdZeZklbd >EU/7@ >W-WU/VW@ ^h\_jylv a brush szldZ to trust >W-fV/N@ khkZlv a button >E/WQ@ dghidZ to suck >fN/U-QW@ kfhjh^bgZ to button >W-fE/WQ@ aZkl_]gmlv currant  >fN/U-QW@ l_q_gb_ im]h\bpm current >fE/W-@ keb\hqgh_fZkeh lunch >O/QW7@ \lhjhcaZ\ljZd butter >N/S@ >J/Q@ a cup qZrdZ a gun jm`vz >NU/VW@ summer >fV/P-@ e_lhe_lgbc a crust dhjdZ >P/VW@ >f/QG-@ must ^he`_g under ih^ >7/W@ >E/W@ to shut aZdjulv but gh >WU/N@ >GU/J@ a truck ]jmah\bd drug e_dZjkl\h >Q/W@ >G/N@ a nut hj_o a duck mldZ >SO/P@ >fU/E*7@ a plum keb\Z rubbish fmkhj >/V@ >P/]O@ fhj^Z us gZfgZk muzzle gZfhj^gbd 

43

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ih-Zg]ebckdb I must dust my desk. He must shut his puppy. We must eat black currant. It is good for us. He drives a truck. It is time for lunch. Cut some >V/P@ meat for my puppy please. Give >J*Y@ me a rubber please. Button up your >M.@ buttons. I like butter. Give me a cup of >-Y@hot milk. I am cold >N-XOG@ Brush your suit. Let me take nuts and plums. I trust you >M9@ My kitten sucks milk. This >'*V@ crust is very hard. Give >J*Y@ me a toy >W2*@ gun please. My pussy >SXV*@ - cat is under my bed. I am not well. Give me some drug, if you can. I see rubbish under the sofa.

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44 

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47



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`blv hklZ\eylv ihdb^Zlv

>KDXV@ ^hf >fKDX]*]@ ^hfZ >K3V@ ehrZ^v

3 physic >fI*]*N@ f_^bpbgZe_dZjkl\h >fI*]*N-O@ physical nbabq_kdbc >I*g]*7-Q@ \jZq^hdlhj physician physiologist >I*]*g2O-G=*VW@ nbabheh] >fI*]*NV@ physics nbabdZ >fI*]*V*VW@ physicist nbabd >I*g],N@ l_ehkeh`_gb_ physique 64 

4 clock cloak

>NO2N@ qZkugZkl_ggu_ >NORXN@ ieZsfZglby

5 an artist an actor an actress 6 you your 7 weather whether

>f%W*VW@ om^h`gbd >f;NW-@ ZdlzjZjlbkl >f;NWU*V@ ZdljbkZ

>M9@ lu\ul_[_\Zf >M.@ l\hcl\hy\ZrZb >fZH'-@ >fZH'-@

ih]h^Z ebqZklbpZ

8

will well

>Z*O@ \kihfh]Zl_evguc ]eZ]he ^ey[m^ms_]h\j_f_gb >ZHO@ ohjhrhgmblZd

9

a kitchen a kitten 10

fine find

>N*W7*Q@ >N*WQ@

dmogy dhlzghd

>ID*Q@ >ID*QG@

ij_djZkguc gZoh^blv

11

>)*1N@ to think ^mfZlv >V*1N@ to sink lhgmlv I am thinking Y ^mfZx I am sinking Ylhgm 12

there their 13

week weak 14

walk work

>'(-@ >'(-@

lZflm^Z bo

>Z,N@ >Z,N@

g_^_ey keZ[uc

>Z3N@ ]meylvb^lbi_rdhf >Z.N@ jZ[hlZlv

15

soup soap 16

quiet quite

>V9S@ >V-XS@

kmi fueh

>NZD*-W@ lbobckihdhcguc >NZD*W@ \iheg_kh\_jr_ggh

17

>S;W@ ih]eZ`b\Zlv to pat to (a) pet >SHW@ [Zeh\ZlveZkdZlv ^hfZrg__`b\hlgh_ 18

a desert a dessert desert 19

>fGH]-UW@ imklugy >G*g].W@ ^_k_jlkeZ^dh_ >G*gV.W@ aZkem]Z

He was born >E3Q@ in 1980. Hgjh^beky\]h^m He was burned>E.QG@in 1580. ?]hkh`]eb\ 

20

to fall to fill to feel 21

jam jamb gem

>I3O@ >I*O@ >I,O@

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>G=;P@ ^`_f\Zj_gv_ >G=;P@ dhkyd^\_jbhdgZ >G=HP@ ^jZ]hp_ggucdZf_gv

22

>V*QV@ since kij_^eh] since 5 o’clock -kiylbqZkh\ >VD*-QV@ a science gZmdZ History is a science. BklhjbywlhgZmdZ >fVD*-QW*VW@ mqzguc Scientist Lomonosov was a scientist. 23

a bitch a beach a birch-tree

>E*W7@ >E,W7@ >E.W7@

kZfdZ iey` [_jzaZ

24

thin >)*Q@ sin >V*Q@ I am thinning I am sinning 25

fair fair fare 26

mill meal 27

mere mere 28

then than 29

left left

lhgdbcom^hcom^_lv ]j_o]j_rblv >f)*Q*1@ Yom^_x >fV*Q*1@ Y]j_rm

>I(-@ >I(-@ >I(-@

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>P*O@ >P,O@

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65

30

>V/Q@ kug >V/Q@ khegp_

son sun 31

live life like love

>O*Y@ `blv >OD*I@ `bagv >OD*N@ gjZ\blvkyex[blvqlh-lh >O/Y@ ex[blvkbevgh dh]h-lh

32

a tale a tail 33

read ready 34

currant current 35

whine wine 36

again against

kfhjh^bgZ l_q_gb_lhd

kdmeblvklhgZlv \bgh

>-fJH*Q@ >-gJH*QVW@

kgh\Z ijhlb\

>Z2QW@ ohl_lv`_eZlv want >ZHQW@ ihrzeih_oZe went will not = won’t >ZRXQW@ g_[m^m our hour 39

to pull a pool 40

pupil people 41

still steal steel

66 

43

>O%VW@ ijhreucihke_^gbc >O%VW@ ^eblvky

last to last 44

>O21@ ^ebgguc >O21@ klj_fblvkydq_fm-eb[h >K;Y@ bf_lv, \eZ^_lv >K;Y@ ^he`_g\ugm`^_g

to have to have to 46

>P*V@ mimklblvg_ihcfZlv >P*V@ kdmqZlvihdhfm-eb[h

to miss to miss 47

a bear to bear

>E(-@ f_^\_^v >E(-@ \ughkblvljm^ghklb

48

a head to head for 49

37

38

>ED*@ mhdheh\hae_ >ED*@ ihdmiZlv >ED*ED*@ ^hk\b^ZgbyjZa]h\)

45

>U,G@ qblZlv >fUHG*@ ]hlh\uc

>ZD*Q@ >ZD*Q@

by buy bye-bye

long to long

>WH*O@ kdZadZ >WH*O@ o\hkl

>fN/U-QW@ >fN/U-QW@

42

>fDX-@ >DX-@

gZrgZrZgZrb qZkfbgml

>SXO@ >S9O@ >SM9SO@ >S,SO@ >VW*O@ >VW,O@ >VW,O@

lZsblv em`Z mq_gbd ex^b lbohkihdhcgh \hjh\ZlvdjZklv klZev(ghc)

to eat it 50

to hear here 51

a sentence to sentence

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dmrZlv_klv wlhhghgZhgh

>K*-@ >K*-@

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> VHQW-QV@ ij_^eh`_gb_ > VHQW-QV@ ijb]h\hjblv djZkklj_em

52

>UD*]@ to rise ih^gbfZlvky >UH*]@ ih^gbfZlv\hijhk to raise >UD*V@ rice jbk(h\uc) raise your head ih^gbfb]heh\m 53

to lay to lie

>OH*@ >OD*@

deZklviheh`blv e_`Zlv

54

rich reach 55

to live to leave 56

to tear a tear 57

dark a duck 58

a desk a deck 59

a pen a pan

>U*W7@ [h]Zluc >U,W7@ ^hklbqv^hklb]Zlv >O*Y@ >O,Y@ >W(-@ >W*-@

`blv moh^blvhklZ\eylv j\Zlv ke_aZ

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>SHQ@ jmqdZi_jh >S;Q@ dZkljxeyfbkdZlZa

60

to fill to feel

>I*O@ >I,O@

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61

a suit to suit

>VM9W@ dhklxf >VM9W@ ih^oh^blv[ulv\ihjm

67

>IXO@ full >I9O@ fool I am full I am fool 68

dairy a diary 69

a chair to cheer 70

I an eye 71

a bed bad 72

a ship a sheep 73

short a shirt a skirt

iheguckulp_euc ]emi_p^mjZd y kul y^mjZd

> G(-U*@ fhehqgu_ijh^mdlu > GD*-U*@ ^g_\gbd >W7(-@ klme >W7*-@ h[h^jylv >D*@ >D*@

y ]eZa

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74

62

>I*W@ fit ]h^gucih^oh^ysbc gZ^e_`Zs__\j_fybf_klh fit time and place 63

a hill a heel 64

a witch which 65

to cost a coast 66

close clothe clothes 

>K*O@ >K,O@ >Z*W7@ >Z*W7@

ohef, ]hjdZ iyldZ \_^vfZdhe^mgvy dhlhjuc

to wait white 75

a flower flour 76

a hut hard heart 77

>N2VW@ klhblv >NRXVW@ [_j_]fhjy

angry hungry

>NORX]@ aZdju\Zlv >NORX'@ h^_\Zlv(ky) >NORX']@ h^_`^Z

(to) rest the rest

78

> IOD8-@ p\_lhd > IODX-@ fmdZ' >K/W@ ob`bgZ[ZjZd >K%G@ l\zj^ucljm^guc >K%W@ k_j^p_, ^mrZ > ;1JU*@ k_j^blucaehc > K/1JU*@ ]heh^guc >UHVW@ >UHVW@

hl^uo(-Zlv) hklZevgh_

67

79

a flat flat 80

meat to meet 81

to kiss keys 82

a cheek a chick 83

84

sleeper a slipper a truck a track a tract 86

truce truth 87

a mouse a mouth a month 88

been bean bin 89

dawn down 90

will wheel weal veal

68 

d\ZjlbjZ jh\guciehkdbc

be a bee

>P,W@ >P,W@

fykh \klj_qZlv

or awe

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p_eh\Zlv dexqb

dip deep

>W7,N@ >W7*N@

s_dZ puiezghd

to write right

> VW3U*@ jZkkdZabklhjby > VW3U*@ wlZ`

a story a storey

85

91

>IO;W@ >IO;W@

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i_j_fbjb_ ijZ\^Z

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92

93

94

95

raw roar 96

only the only 97

warm worm 98

dear deer 99

a bag to beg a back back 100

row row

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IJ?>EH@?GBYG:ED*@ any things >)*1]@ in Fu fh`_f dmiblv ex[u_ \_sb gZ jugd_k_cqZk the market now. EhrZ^v-^hfZrg__`b\hlgh_ The horse is a domestic >G- PHVW*N@ animal > ;Q*P-O@. I like market curd with sugar or jam Y hq_gv ex[ex jughqguc l\hjh] k very much. kZoZjhfbebih\b^ehf Norway is a small country >N/QWU*@ in Ghj\_]by - fZe_gvdZy kljZgZ gZ k_ \_j_?\jhiu the north of Europe. Many people go to the Church >W7.W7@ Fgh]b_ ex^b oh^yl \ p_jdh\v dZ` ^mxkm[[hlmbeb\hkdj_k_gv_ HYHU\6DWXUGD\RU6XQGD\. The curtains in my room are light AZgZ\_kdb \ fh_c dhfgZl_ k\_lehblue. ]hem[u_ GZihfgx ;md\hkhq_lZgb_ -ar garden scarf market car arm

>J%GQ@ >VN%I@ > P%N*W@ >N%@ >%P@

;md\hkhq_lZgb_ -or horse Norway horn short morning

ih^m^Z j_gb_f

kZ^ rZjn jughd fZrbgZ jmdZ\ky

ih^m^Z j_gb_f

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Wlbkeh\ZqZklhimlZxl >GDL@ die mfbjZlv >GDL-G@ mf_j died >GHG@ dead fzjl\uc >GH)@ death kf_jlv 

;md\u e i u y

Ih^m^Zj_gb_f i_j_^

person her Church girl first

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a\mqZldZd  >.@bh

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>7XJ-@ kZoZj sugar >7X-@ sure \_jguc > 7X-O*@ g_khfg_ggh\_jgh surely >- 7X-@ m\_jylvaZ\_jylv assure assurance >- 7X-U-QV@ m\_j_gghklv 

IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby IhklZjZcl_kv h[tykgblv ih dZdhfm ijZ \bem qblZxlky ih^qzjdgmlu_ [md\u GZc^bl_ \ dgb]_ kljZgbpm ]^_ ^Zgu wlbijZ\beZ >gb\_kghchq_gv^ebggu_ Days in spring are >%@very long. I eat yogurt > M2J.W@ in the morning Y_fch]mjlmljhfb\_q_jhf and in the evening. My father takes photo of me very of- Fhc iZiZ nhlh]jZnbjm_l f_gy ten. hq_gvqZklh Balls for little children are bright. Fyqb^eyfZe_gvdbo^_l_cyjdb_ Our house is very high. GZr^hfhq_gv\ukhdbc My sister likes bright tights. Fhyk_kljZex[blyjdb_dhe]hldb The hall in our flat is very small. Ijboh`Zy \ gZr_c d\Zjlbj_ hq_gv fZe_gvdZy All my friends go to school on foot. I RXY-@ the radio > UH*G*RX@ GZihfgx: -1-

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a\mqbldZd >1@g

>VSU*1@ >O21@ >f,YQ*1@ >fP3Q*1@ >V21@

spring long evening morning song

\_kgZ ^ebgguc \_q_j mljh i_kgy

;md\hkhq_lZgb_ -all ball all hall wall fall

>E3O@ >3O@ >K3O@ >Z3O@ >I3O@

a\mqbldZd >3O@he fyqrZj[Zee \k_, \kz aZeohee kl_gZ iZ^Zlv

-4-

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70 

\dhgp_ keh\Z

> IRXWRX@ >QRX@ > 3OVRX@ >JRX@ > UH*G*RX@

qblZ_lkydZd >RX@hm

nhlh]jZnby g_l lh`_lZd`_ b^lb, _oZlv jZ^bh

;md\hkhq_lZgb_ -igh >D*G=,H*W7@ lh_klv gh >KD*@ high . >EUD*W@ bright >WD*WV@ tights >UD*W@ right >QD*W@ night >OD*W@ light

a\mqbldZd >D*@Zc g_qblZxlky \ukhdbc yjdbcgZjy^guc dhe]hldb \_jghijZ\bevgh ghqv k\_l(euc)

IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyIhklZjZcl_kvh[tykgblvihdZdbfijZ\b eZf qblZxlky ih^qzjdgmlu_ [md\u GZc^bl_ kljZgbpm ]^_ wlb ijZ\beZ h[tykg_gu There are >'(-U-@many green trees in JUH*W@ Britain >EU*WQ@ is the N/QWU*@ where people speak ex^b]h\hjylih-Zg]ebckdb English. Most >PRXVW@ people eat bread every ;hevrbgkl\hex^_c_^yloe_[dZ` ^uc^_gv > HYU*@ day. Breakfast is our first meal. AZ\ljZd-gZrZi_j\Zy_^Z I like to ask questions >NZHVW7*QV@ Yex[exaZ^Z\Zlv\hijhku Take a chance! qZs_\k_]h ea

qblZxlkydZd

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Aa >H*@

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ask task last past grass class ;md\Z Aa >H*@ France chance branch dance glance

i_j_^ sk ss st >%VN@ >W%VN@ >O%VW@ >S%VW@ >JU%V@ >NO%V@

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qblZ_lkydZd >%@Z NjZgpby rZgk, kemqZc \_ldZjmq__d lZg_p kfhlj_lv

71

IjhqblZcl_ ke_^mxsb_ ij_^eh`_gby IhklZjZcl_kv h[tykgblv ql_ gb_ih^qzjdgmluo[md\ My face is round. We live >O*Y@ in the centre of the town. Children and many adults like to go to the circus > V.N-V@very much. I can draw >GU3@a circle >V.NO@. I am ready >UHG*@to eat ice-cream day and night >QD*W@. We study > VW/G*@the basic course of English reading. Germany > G=.P-Q*@ and France >IU%QV@ are >%@in Europe > MX-U-S@. I never >QHY-@eat garlic. There is everything > HYU*)*1@ in Greece, people say. Gold >JRXOG@is a nice yellow > MHORX@ metal >PHW-O@. GZihfgx ;md\Z c >V,@

e i y

>VSH*V@

ice icy lace face pace Greece

>D*V@ > D*V*@ >OH*V@ >IH*V@ >SH*V@ >JU,V@



qblZ_lkydZd >V@ .

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Gh[u\Zxlbkdexq_gbyGZijbf_j >RX7-Q@ hd_Zg ocean A^_kvc>V,@i_j_^ e>,@qblZ_lkydZd >7@  

72 

Ahehlh-wlhdjZkb\uc`zelucf_ lZee 

i_j_^ >,@ >D*@ >ZD*@

space

Fhzebphdjm]eh_ Fu`b\zf\p_glj_]hjh^Z >_lb b fgh]b_ \ajhkeu_ hq_gv ex [ylihk_sZlvpbjd Yfh]mgZjbkh\Zlvdjm] Y]hlh\_klvfhjh`_gh_^gzfbgh qvx FubamqZ_fhkgh\ghcdmjkql_gby Zg]ebckdh]hyaudZ =_jfZgby b NjZgpby gZoh^ylky \ ?\jhi_ Ygbdh]^Zg__fq_kghd =h\hjylqlh\=j_pbb\kz_klv

;md\u hq_gvqZklh a\mqZldZd >RXM9@ >DX@ Zm ou ow >RXG/EOM9@ round town pound bound sound

>UDXQG@ djm]hf\hdjm] >WDXQ@ ]hjh^g_[hevrhc >SDXQG@ nmgl Zg]ebckdb_^_gv]b >EDXQG@ ]jZgbpZij_^_e >VDXQG@ a\mda\mqZlv 3@ ou >N3V@ dmjk course >P3Q@ i_qZeblvky]hj_\Zlv mourn >V3V@ bklhqgbd source

IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby ihklZjZcl_kv h[tykgblv ih dZdhfm ijZ \bem qblZxlky ih^qzjdgmlu_ [md\u GZc^bl_ \ dgb]_ kljZgbpm ]^_ wlb ijZ\beZbaeh`_gu 

China > W7D*Q-@ is the largest country > N/QWU*@ in the world. I can see black ducks on the pond near >Q*-@ my house >KDXV@ When >ZHQ@ I go shopping with >Z*'@ my mammy I put >SXW@ my shopping bag on my back. My father > I%'-@ shaves his cheeks every > HYU*@ morning. Is it good to be rich? -Yes, I think it is good to be rich if you are clever >NOHY-@ kind >ND*QG@ and strong. The telephone >CWHO-IRXQ@ is on the shelf in my room. There are many photos >CIRXWRX]@ in this album > ;OE-P@

DblZc - kZfZy [hevrZy kljZgZ \ fbj_ Yfh]m\b^_lvqzjguomlhdgZijm ^mhdhehgZr_]h^hfZ Dh]^Z y b^m \ fZ]Zabg k fh_c fZ fhc y gZ^_\Zx fhx kmfdm ^ey ih dmihdgZkibgm Fhc iZiZ [j__l k\hb szdb dZ`^h_ mljh Ohjhrh[ulv[h]Zluf" >Z ^mfZx qlh ohjhrh [ulv [h]Z luf _keb lu mfguc ^h[juc b kbevguc L_e_nhggZoh^blkygZihed_\fh_c dhfgZl_ D*@

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73

IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby KdZ`bl_ ih dZdbf ijZ\beZf qblZxlky ih^qzjdgmlu_[md\uGZc^bl_\dgb]_kljZgbpu]^_wlbijZ\beZh[tykg_ gu Yg_fh]m]h\hjblvih-Zg]ebckdb [ukljh There are >%@ many plants in our DX-@garden. Pupils write with chalk on the black- Mq_gbdbibrmlf_ehfgZ^hkd_ board. To write dictations >G*N WH*7Q]@ in IbkZlv^bdlZgluih-Zg]ebckdbg_ e_]dh English is not easy. A calf >N%I@ is a baby of a cow L_ezghd-wlh^_lzgurdhjh\u >NDX@. All my friends learn>O.Q@English. O;1Z*G=@ for me. My native lan- ^eyf_gyFhcjh^ghcyaud-jmk kdbc guage is Russian. A lamb is a baby of a sheep. ;ZjZr_d-^_lzgurh\pu My grandfather has grey hair. Mfh_]h^_^mrdbk_^u_\hehku A worm looks like a little snake. Q_j\ydihoh`gZfZe_gvdmxaf_x Hg`b\zl\a_fe_ It lives in the ground. When the tiger roars all animals Dh]^Zlb]jjuqbl\k_a\_jbgZqb > ;Q*P-O]@start running. gZxl[_`Zlv Our teacher is very kind. GZrZmqbl_evgbpZhq_gv^h[jZy M:eeuIm]Zqz\hcij_djZkguc]h Alla Pugacheva has a nice voice. ehk This boy has many toys. Mwlh]hfZevqbdZfgh]hb]jmr_d I drink one>Z/Q@litre of juice every Y\uib\Zxh^bgebljkhdZdZ`^uc ^_gv day.

I kan't speak English fast.



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IjhqblZcl_ ke_^mxsb_ ij_^eh`_gby IhklZjZcl_kv h[tykgblv ih dZdhfmijZ\bemqblZxlkyih^qzjdgmlu_[md\uGZc^bl_\dgb]_kljZgb pu ]^_ wlb ijZ\beZ h[tykgyxlky Ihkdhevdm g_dhlhju_ keh\Z ljm^gu \ ijhbaghr_gbbhgb^Zgu\ljZgkdjbipbb F_gyah\mlN_ebdk My name is Felix>I,O*NV@ I like planes. Yex[exkZfhezlu

IODX-@ FZj]ZjbldZ-hq_gvdjZkb\ucp\_lhd Let us mend the tap. >Z\Zcl_ihqbgbfdjZg ^ey\h^u  We are>%@in the first grade. Fu\i_j\hfdeZkk_ My school-bag is black. Fhcrdhevgucihjln_evqzjguc My wish is to read English > *1JO*7@ Fhz`_eZgb_-qblZlvih-Zg]ebckdb ohjhrh well. Spain is a very > YHU*@ interesting BkiZgby-hq_gvbgl_j_kgZykljZgZ > *QWU*VW*1@country> N/QWU*@ This lamp is red. WlZeZfiZdjZkgZy I am not sad today. Yg_]jmklguck_]h^gy This is an Englishman. Wlhlfm`qbgZ-Zg]ebqZgbg Ih^mfZ_f\f_kl_:kdhevdhijZ\beql_gby\keh\_wish >Z*7@`_eZgb_" *@ b 1 r‚}mÈ i >D*@ \aZdjulhfkeh]_qblZ_lkydZd >7@ r 2 ;md\hkhq_lZgb_ sh qblZ_lkydZd IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyKdZ`bl_dZdb_baih^qzjdgmluo[md\hkh q_lZgbc\ufh`_l_e_]dhh[tykgblv Hjze-hq_gvkbevgZyilbpZ Y_fljbjZaZ\^_gv Fhbf^jmavyfgjZ\blkyqblZlvihZg]ebckdb Ibkvf_ggucklhe\fh_cdhfgZl_ dhjbqg_\uc The end of the film is happy. Dhg_pwlh]hnbevfZkqZkleb\uc It is not easy to speak English. G_e_]dh]h\hjblvih-Zg]ebckdb We cannot speak French. Fug_fh`_f]h\hjblvihnjZgpmakdb There are > '(-U-@ no leaves in the GZ^_j_\vyog_lebklv_\K_cqZk abfZ trees. It is winter now.

The eagle is a very strong bird. I eat three times a day. My friends >IUHQG]@ like to read English. The desk in my room is brown.



75

Mammy, look! I see a sea. FZfZihkfhljbY\b`mfhj_ We try to speak English at our English FuiulZ_fky]h\hjblvihlessons. Zg]ebckdbgZgZrbomjhdZoZg]ebc kdh]hyaudZ My bed is at the wall. Fhydjh\Zlvklhblmkl_gu I can help you if you like. Yfh]mihfhqvl_[__kebohq_rv IjhqblZcl_ij_^eh`_gbyD*@  klhbl \ hldjulhf beb aZdjulhf keh]_ b h[tykgbl_ kdhevdh \ wlhf keh\_ijZ\beql_gby It is time to have >K;Y@ dinner. I like when my teacher smiles.

IhjZ h[_^Zlv. Yex[exdh]^Zfhcmqbl_evmeu [Z_lky We are happy to get "fives" for Eng- FujZ^uihemqZlviyl_jdbihZg] lish. ebckdhfmyaudm My life is not very bad. Fhy`bagvg_lZdm`biehoZ Fields are >%@ white with snow in win- Ihey[_euhlkg_]Zabfhc ter. Today is Friday > IUD*G*@ K_]h^gy iylgbpZ. A lion is an angry and strong animal E_\-k_j^blucbkbevguca\_jvHg > ;Q*P-O@ It is the king of a forest. -dhjheve_kZ English is not very simple. :g]ebckdbcyaudg_hq_gvijhklhc ij_^f_l Pigs like to dig the ground. K\bgvbex[yldhiZlva_fex Who likes pies very much? Dlhhq_gvex[blibjh`db" Sit still, please. Kb^bkihdhcghih`ZemcklZ Are >%@ you >M9@ single at home to- Luh^bg^hfZk_]h^gy" day? 

IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby H[tykgbl_ ih dZdbf ijZ\beZf qblZxlky ih^qzjdgmlu_[md\u Many > PHQ*@ dogs like to dig bones Fgh]b_kh[Zdbex[ylaZju\Zlvdhk lb\a_fex into the ground. Can you open the door, please? G_fh][uluhldjulv^\_jv" My winter coat is soft. Fhzabfg__iZevlhfy]dh_ Frogs often >2IQ@ sit on logs. Ey]mrdbqZklhkb^ylgZ[jz\gZo I can see a big hole in this tree. Yfh]m\b^_lv[hevrh_^mieh\ wlhf^_j_\_

76 

There is much soft yellow sand on the GZ[_j_]mfhjyfgh]hfy]dh]h`ze coast of >-Y@ the sea. lh]hi_kdZ The clock on my desk is black and QZkugZfhzfibkvf_gghfklhe_ brown. q_jgh-dhjbqg_\u_ An ostrich is a very high bird. KljZmk-hq_gv\ukhdZyilbpZ I drink one >Z/Q@ bottle of black cur- Y\uib\Zxh^gm[mluedmkhdZqzj ghckfhjh^bgudZ`^uc^_gv rant juice >G=9V@ every day. Ih^mfZ_f\f_kl_:kdhevdhijZ\beql_gby\keh\_currant > N/U-QW@kfh jh^bgZ" V,@ g_i_j_^e, i, y \k_]^Za\mqbldZd ;md\Zu >M9@ \aZdjulhfkeh]_a\mqbldZd ex[u_^\_kh]eZkgu_klhysb_jy^hfa\mqZldZd rr h^gZ ;md\Za >H*@ g_ih^m^Zj_gb_f a\mqbldZd

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My elder sister is a student. She learns English and French at her college > N2O*G=@ My parents > S(-U-QWV@ bought >E3W@ me a new suit. It is made of wool. Pete is a very cute boy. He is my friend >IUHQG@ I trust my parents in everything > HYU*)*1@ They are >%@ clever and kind >ND*QG@ Life without >Z*'DXW@ music is very @bagv[_afmaudbhq_gvkdmqgZy dull.



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- E;QG-QP-QW` >- NDXQW-QW@ >- G*7-Q-O@ >-G Y.W*VP-QW@ >- I.P-W*Y@ >- QDXQVPHQW@ >3 )2U*W*@ >3 W2Q-P*@ >3J ]*OM-U*@ >- EU,Y*H*W@ >- E*O*W*@ >-E V.G*W*@ >;N VHQWM9H*W@ >- NZH*QW-QV@ >-G YD*]*GO*@ >- VZH*G=PHQW@ >;N W*Y*W*@ >*Q N/U*G=*1@

hklZ\e_gb_hldZa [mo]Zel_j ^hihegbl_evguc^h[Z\hqguc j_deZfZh[ty\e_gb_ ml\_j^bl_evguc h[ty\e_gb_, ba\_s_gb_ \eZklviheghfhqb_ Z\lhghfby \kihfh]Zl_evguc khdjZsZlv kihkh[ghklbieZlz`_kihkh[ghklv g_e_ihklvZ[kmj^ghklv ih^qzjdb\Zlv^_eZlvm^Zj_gb_ agZdhfucagZdhfkl\h [eZ]hjZamfghgZf_j_ggh [he_mlheyxs__kj_^kl\h ^_yl_evghklvwg_j]by h[h^jyxsbc 83

inquisitive comparative competitive conspicuous discretionary

>*Q NZ*]*W*Y@ >N-P S;U-W*Y@ >N-P SHW*W*Y@ >N-Q VS*NMX-V@ >G*V NUH7Q-U*@

ex[hagZl_evguc kjZ\gbl_evguc dhgdmjbjmxsbc \b^gucaZf_lguc ij_^hklZ\e_ggucgZkh[kl\_ggh_ mkfhlj_gb_

Q_lujzokeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lvm^Zj_gb_ bgZi_j\hfkeh]_ military ordinary temporary noteceably fabulously segregative mountainous precatory minatory federalize fractionary hopefulness hopelessness aviculture illustrative imitator innovator instigator

>fP*O*W-U*@ > 3GQU*@ >fWHPS-U-U*@ > QRXW*V-EO*@ > I;EMXO-VO*@ > VHJU*JH*W*Y@ >fPDXQW*Q-V@ >fSUHN-W-U*@ >fP*Q-W-U*@ > IHG-U-OD*]@ > IU;N7-Q-U*@ > KRXSIXOQ*V@ >fKRXSO*VQ*V@ >fH*Y*N/OW7-@ > *O-VWUH*W*Y@ > *P*WH*W-@ >f*QRXYH*W-@ >f*QVW*JH*W-@

\h_gguc h[uqgucijb\uqguc \j_f_gguc aZf_lghagZqbl_evgh kdZahqghg_\_jhylgh kihkh[kl\mxsbchl^_e_gbx ]hjbkluc ijhkbl_evguc m]jh`Zxsbc khklZ\eylvn_^_jZpbx qZklbqgucnjZdpbhgguc hilbfbafgZ^_`^Z [_agZ^z`ghklv ilbp_\h^kl\h beexkljbjh\Zggucihykgbl_evguc ih^jZ`Zl_evbfblZlhj gh\Zlhj ih^klj_dZl_ev

Q_lujzokeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lv m^Zj_gb_gZi_j\hfblj_lv_fkeh]Zo arbitration artificial automation abdication aberration abrogation accidental accusation adolescence affectation application apprehension

84

>%E*gWUH*7-Q@ >%W*gI*7-O@ >3W-gPH*7-Q@ >;EG* NH*7-Q@ >;E- UH*7-Q@ >;EURX JH*7-Q@ >;NV*gGHQW-O@ >;NM9g]H*7-Q@ >;GRXgOHVQV@ >;IHNgWH*7-Q@ >;SO*gNH*7-Q@ >;SU* KHQ7-Q@

Zj[bljZ` bkdmkkl\_gguc Z\lhfZlbaZpby keh`_gb_iheghfhqbc hldehg_gb_hlklZg^ZjlZ hlf_gZaZdhgZ kemqZcguc h[\bg_gb_ xghklv ihdZagZy ex[h\v, Znn_dlZpby aZy\e_gb_ ihgbfZgb_hiZk_gb_

approbation Asiatic independent homogeneous circulation cumulation demolition dispossession erudition exaltation exhibition executionar exsication governmental inessential influential integration

>;SU- EH*7-Q@ >H*7* ;W*N@ >*QG* SHQG-QW@ >K2P- G=,QM-V@ >V.NM9 OH*7-Q@ >NM9PM9 OH*7-Q@ >GHP- O*7-Q@ >G*VS- ]H7-Q@ >HU9 G*7-Q@ >HJ]3O WH*7-Q@ >HNV* E*7-Q@ >HNV* NM97Q-@ >HNV* NH*7-Q@ >J/Y-Q PHQWO@ >*Q* VHQ7-O@ >*QIOX HQ7-O@ >*QW- JUH*7-Q@

h^h[j_gb_ ZabZlkdbc g_aZ\bkbfuc h^ghjh^guc djm]h\hjhl gZdhie_gb_ jZajmr_gb_, kghk ebr_gb_kh[kl\_gghklb wjm^bpbygZqblZgghklv \hklhj]wdaZevlZpby \uklZ\dZ iZeZq \ukmrb\Zgb_ ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguc g_\Z`guc \ebyl_evguc h[t_^bg_gb_

;NVHO- UH*7-Q@ >- N2P- GH*7-Q@ >-NM9PMX OH*7-Q@ >-P;OJ- PH*7-Q@ >-P3W* ]H*7-Q@ >;QW*V* SH*7-Q@ >- SU,7* H*7-Q@ >-EU,Y* H*7-Q@ >-E2P* QH*7-Q@ >-G/OW- UH*7-Q@ >*O*P* QH*7-Q@ >G*SU*7* H*7-Q@ >G-PHVWL NH*7-Q@ >*P;G=* QH*7-Q@ >*QN2QV* NZHQ7-O@ >LQVD*NORX S,GM-@ >SU-Q/QV* H*7-Q@ >V-O*V* WH*7-Q@

mkdhj_gb_ ihf_s_gb_`bevzd\ZjlbjZ gZdhie_gb_ kebygb_h[t_^bg_gb_ ih]Zr_gb_^he]Z h`b^Zgb_ hp_gdZ khdjZs_gb_Z[[j_\bZlmjZ hl\jZs_gb_ nZevkbnbdZpbyih^^_edZ bkdexq_gb_ h[_kp_gb\Zgb_ ijbjmq_gb_hdmevlmjb\Zgb_ \hh[jZ`_gb_nZglZaby g_ihke_^h\Zl_evguc wgpbdehi_^by ijhbaghr_gb_ oh^ZlZckl\h

85

;NV-O- UH*7-Q@ > ;QW*SD* UHW*N@ >E*EO*- JU;I*NO@ >VHQWU-OD* ]H*7-Q@ >V*N-WUD* ]H*7-Q@ > NO;U*I* NH*7-Q@ >G*Y;OM9 H*7-Q@ >G*V;SURX EH*7-Q@ >,NZ-OD* ]H*7-Q@ >I.W*OD* ]H*7-Q@ >NZ2O*I* NH*7-Q@ >U;P*I* NH*7-Q@ >U;7Q-OD* ]H*7-Q@ >UHG=*PHQ WH*7-Q@

mkdhj_gb_ `Zjhihgb`Zxsbc [b[ebh]jZnbq_kdbc p_gljZebaZpby aZ`b\Zgb_ ijhykg_gb_ h[_kp_gb\Zgb_, ^_\Zev\Zpby g_h^h[j_gb_, hkm`^_gb_ mjZ\g_gb_ m^h[j_gb_ (ihq\u) d\ZebnbdZpby, ijb]h^ghklv jZa\_l\e_gb_ jZpbhgZebaZpby j_]eZf_glZpby

Iylbkeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lvm^Zj_gb_ gZi_j\hfblj_lv_fkeh]Zo academical chronological externality changeability confedentially dactilology disappearance disappointment discontinuous liability manufacturer multifarious perceptivity inexactitude representative suplementary

>;N- GHP*N-O@ >NU2Q- O2G=*N-O@ >HNVW. Q;O*W*@ >W7H*QG=- E*O*W*@ >N2QI* GHQ7-O*@ >G;NW* O2O-G=*@ >G*V- S*-U-QV@ >G*V- S2*QWP-QW@ >G*VN-Q W*QMX-V@ >OD*- E*O*W*@ >P;QM9 I;NW7-U-@ >P/OW* I(-U*-V@ >S.V-S W*Y*W*@ >*Q*J ];NW*WM9G@ >U-SU* ]HQW-W*Y@ >V/SO* PHQW-U*@

ZdZ^_fbq_kdbc ojhgheh]bq_kdbc \g_rghklv i_j_f_gqb\hklv ihk_dj_lmdhgnb^_gpbZevgh jZa]h\hjijbihfhsbiZevp_\ bkq_agh\_gb_ jZahqZjh\Zgb_ ij_ju\bkluc hl\_lkl\_gghklv nZ[jbdZglij_^ijbgbfZl_ev jZaghh[jZaguc ihgyleb\hklv g_lhqghklv ij_^klZ\bl_ev ^hihegbl_evguc

SU* S;U-W-U*@ >-G P*Q*VWU-W*Y@ >3 )3U*W-W*Y@ >- NM9PM9OH*W-@ >* P;G=*Q-W*Y@

ih^]hlh\bl_evguc bkihegbl_evguc \eZklguc Zddmfmeylhj h^Zjzgguc[hevrbf\hh[jZ`_gb_f

>U* IU;NW-U*Q*V@ >G* NOD*Q-W-U*@ >G* W.P*Q-W*Y@ >*NV WU3G-QU*O*@ >I- Q;W*V*]-P@ >*Q WHO*G=-QV-@ >-SHQG*VD*W*V@ >/Q I3W7*Q*WO*@ >HNV NOHP-W-U*@ >*NV SO;Q-W-U*@

refractoriness declinatory determinative extraordinarily fanaticism intelligencer appendicitis unfortunately exclamatory explanatory

g_ihdhjghklvmihjkl\h hldehgyxsbcky hij_^_eyxsbc g_h[uqgh nZgZlbaf, bam\_jkl\h jZa\_^qbd, ribhg Zii_g^bpbl dg_kqZklvx \hkdebpZl_evguc lhedh\uchkeh\Zj_

Iylbkeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lvm^Zj_gb_ bgZlj_lv_fkeh]_ >*O-N WU*V*W*@

electricity

we_dljbq_kl\h

blhevdhgZi_j\hfkeh]_ > YHW-U*Q-U*@ > SHU*JU*QH*W-@

veterinary peregrinator

\_l_jbgZj kljZggbd

,N- Q2P*N-O*@ >3W- P;W*N-O*@ >G*V*P* O;U*W*@ >Y/OQ-U- E*O*W*@ >K*VW3U* 2JU-I*@ >KRXP* 2S-)*@ >*Q*O;V W*V*W*@ >VHQW*PHQ W;O*W*@ >UHN- PHQG-W-U*@ >3WRXED* 2JU-I*@

wdhghfgh[_j_`eb\h Z\lhfZlbq_kdb jZaebqb_, g_koh^kl\h mya\bfhklvjZgbfhklv bklhjbh]jZnby ]hf_hiZlby g_]b[dhklv k_glbf_glZevghklv j_dhf_g^Zl_evguc Z\lh[bh]jZnby

R_klbkeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lvm^Zj_gb_ gZ\lhjhfkeh]_ anticipatory recriminatory republicanism incriminatory

>;Q W*V*SH*W-U*@ ij_^\Zjbl_evguc >U* NU*P*Q-W-U*@ hl\_qZxsbch[\bg_gb_fgZh[\bg_gb_ >U* S/EO*N-Q*]-P@ j_kim[ebdZgkl\h >*Q NU*P*Q-W-U*@ h[\bgbl_evguc bhq_gvj_^dhgZi_j\hfkeh]_

qualificatory

> NZ2O*I*N-W-U*@

d\Zebnbpbjmxsbc 87

-NDXQW- E*O*W*@ >-EV3E- E*O*W*@ >-NVHSW- E*O*W*@ >;NVHV* E*O*W*@ >-GHSW- E*O*W*@ >N-S*W-OD* ]H*7-Q@ >*VHQ7* ;O*W*@ >*J]HPSO*I* NH*7-Q@ >*PS;V* E*O*W*@ >*PSUH7Q- E*O*W*@ >I-P*O* ;U*W*@ >P-Q9YU- E*O*W*@ >G=HQ-U-OD* ]H*7-Q@ >G*I-U-Q7* H*7-Q@

ih^hlqzlghklv ih]eZs_gb_ ijb_febfhklv ^hklmighklv ijbkihkh[ey_fhklv dZiblZebaZpby kmsghklv beexkljZpbyaZ\_j_ggZydhiby [_kqm\kl\_gghklv \i_qZlebl_evghklv ^jm`_kl\_ggu_hlghr_gby fZgz\jhkihkh[ghklv h[h[s_gb_ jZaebq_gb_, ^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zgb_

R_klbkeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lvljbm^Zj_gby gZi_j\hflj_lv_fbiylhfkeh]Zo incommunicative indetermination generalization indiscrimination

>*QN- PM9Q*NH*W*Y@ >*QG*W.P* QH*7-Q@ >G=HQ-U-OD* ]H*7-Q@ > *QG*VNU*P* QH*7-Q@

g_h[sbl_evguc g_j_rbl_evghklv h[h[s_gb_ g_jZa[hjqb\hklv

K_fbkeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lv ljbm^Zj_gby autointoxication circumstantiality imperturbability incombustibility inexhaustibility automobilization inadaptability incompatibility indefensibility indivisibility intellectuality inconceivability incorruptibility

88

>3WRX*QW2NV* NH*7-Q@ > V.N-PVW;Q7* ;O*W*@ > *PS.W-E- E*O*W*@ > *QN-PE/VW- E*O*W*@ > *Q*J]3VW- E*O*W*@ > 3W-PRXE*OD* ]H*7-Q@ > *Q-G;SW- E*O*W*@ > *QN-PS;W- E*O*W*@ > *QG*IHQV- E*O*W*@ > *QG* Y*]* E*O*W*@ > *QW*OHNWMX ;O*W*@ > *QN-QV,Y- E*O*W*@ >*QN-U/SW- E*O*W*@

kZfhhljZ\e_gb_hj]ZgbafZ h[klhyl_evghklv g_\hafmlbfhklvkihdhckl\b_ g_\hkieZf_gy_fhklv g_bklhsbfhklv fhlhjbaZpby g_ijbkihkh[ey_fhklv g_kh\f_klbfhklv g_\hafh`ghklvaZsbsZlv g_^_ebfhklv bgl_ee_dlmZevghklv g_ihklb`bfhklv g_ih^dmighklv

K_fbkeh`gu_keh\Zfh]mlbf_lv ^\Zm^Zj_gby inmeasurability impenetrability impracticability

>*PH=-U- E*O*W*@ >*PSHQ*WU- E*O*W*@ >*PSU;NW*N- E*O*W*@

g_baf_jbfhklv g_ijhoh^bfhklv g_\uihegbfhklv

*QNRX;JM9O- E*O*W*@ > *QN-PHQ7-U- E*O*W*@ >*QN2PSU*KHQV- E*O*W*@

g_k\zjlu\Z_fhklv (djh\b) g_khbaf_jbfhklv g_ihgylghklv

Yaud-hq_gv`b\hchj]Zgbaf?^bgh]haZdhgZql_gbyfgh]hkeh`guokeh\ ijhklh g_ kms_kl\m_l Gh wlb ljbklZ keh\ dhlhju_ \u ijhqblZeb ihfh]ml m\b^_lvhij_^_ezggu_aZdhghf_jghklb\ql_gbbfgh]hkeh`guokeh\

89

Q:KLVU:G=EBCKDBOF?KLHBF?GBC Imlv \ Zg]ebckdmx ]jZffZlbdm g_ hq_gv dhjhldbc Gh b ^ebgguc imlv gZqbgZ_lky k i_j\h]h rZ]Z K^_eZ_f _]h b ih]h\hjbf h f_klhbf_gbyo F_klh bf_gby\Zg]ebckdhfyaud_^_eylkygZq_luj_jZajy^Z 1 Ebqgu_

2 3 4 Ijbly`Zl_evgu_ H[t_dlgu_ D*@ y my fhc mine me fg_f_gykhfghc myself ykZf You >M9@ lu your l\hc yours you l_[_klh[hc yourself lukZf He hg his _]h his him _fm_]hkgbf himself hgkZf She hgZ her _z hers her _c_zkg_c herself hgZkZfZ It hghgZ its _]h its it _fm_c_]h itself hg kZf hghwlh _z kgbfkg_c hgZ kZfZ We fu our >fDX-@ gZr ours us gZfgZkkgZfb ourselves fu kZfb You \u your >M.@ \Zr yours you \Zf\Zkk\Z yourselves \u kZfb fb They >'H*@ hgb their >'(-@ bo theirs them bfbokgbfb themselves hgb kZ fb AZf_lbf: ijbly`Zl_evgu_f_klhbf_gby[u\Zxlijhklu_bZ[khexlgu_. Bl_ b^jm]b_i_j_\h^ylkygZjmkkdbcyaudh^bgZdh\hKemqZbmihlj_[e_gby-jZagu_. Ijbf_ju Wlhfhyd\ZjlbjZZlZbo. This is my flat and that is theirs. Wlh_]hdgb]bZl__z These are his books and those are hers. This is our desk and that is yours. WlhgZrklheZlh\Zr. `hj^` ;Zcjhg/

Pay attention to details !!! H[jZsZc\gbfZgb_gZih^jh[ghklb 91

Lj_gbjh\hqgu_mijZ`g_gbygZmihlj_[e_gb_f_klhbf_gbc Ebqgu_

Personal pronouns >CSURXQDXQ]@

Ymq_gbdwlh]hdhee_^`Z Lufhc^jm] Hgg_\rdhe_k_cqZk HgZg_[hevgZ Wlhg_rdheZWlh hnbk. FuqblZ_fZg]ebckdb_l_dklu IUHQG@ He is not at school now. She is not ill. It is not a school. It is an office. We read English texts. You are clever >CNOHY-@ children. They are `talented students.

Ijbly`Zl_evgu_ijhklu_bZ[khexlgu_ Pos`sesive >S-C]HV*Y@ pronouns FhydhfgZlZl_fgZyl\hyk\_leZy Ml_[yg_ljmqdb\havfbfhx. Q_clhlihjln_ev"-Hg_]h. GZrbdgb]bjmkkdb_\ZrbZg]ebckdb_ L_^_gv]bg_ gZrb. WlZd\ZjlbjZ_z? DZdb_l_ljZ^bbo? Wlhbo^_lb

My room is dark, yours is light. You have no pen, take mine Whose bag is it? It is his. Our books are Russian, yours are English. That money >P/Q*@LV3494:78. Is this flat hers? Which >Z*W7@note-books are theirs? These are their children.

H[t_dlgu_l_mdZaZl_evgu_ dhfm"dh]h"kd_f"  Object pronouns IhdZ`bfg_wlmnhlh]jZnbx Show me this photo, please. Yex[exl_[y\Zk  I love >O/Y@you. Ihfh]b_fmih`ZemcklZ Help him, please. Koh^b\dbghkg_c. Go to the cinema with her. >hfklZjuc?fmgm`_gj_fhgl The house is old. It wants repairing >U*CS(-U*1@ >Zcl_gZfkhdih`ZemcklZ Give us some juice >G=9V@please. FuohlbfihdZaZlv\ZfgZrkZ^ We want to show you our garden. Hl\_abl_boih`ZemcklZ\hl_ev Give them a lift to the hotel, please. Or: Take them to the hotel, please. \_jvaZdjueZkvkZfZ. FugZ\_klbebbokZfb. WRXOG@everything himself. The door >G3@closed itself. We visited >CY*]*W*G@them ourselves. Did you phone >IRXQ@them yourselves? They learned >O.QG@English themselves.

MD:A:L?EVGU?F?KLHBF?GBY bo- 4) De`monstrative pronouns This These

>'*V@ >',]@

That Those

>';W@ lhlZlhl >'RX]@ l_wlb

wlhwlZwlhl wlbwlh

WlhfZe_gvdbcfZ]Zabg Lh kmi_jfZjd_l. WlhklZjuc^hf Lhkh\j_f_gguc^hf WlhrZjbdh\ZyjmqdZ Lh nehfZkl_j. Wlhdh`ZgZydmjldZ Lh ieZs. Wlh jm[ev. Lh ^heeZj. Wlh lh\Zju. Lhl_ dZlZeh]b. Wlh ibkvfZ. Lh l_e_]jZffu. WlhihdmiZl_eb LhihklZ\sbdb Wlh dhgljZdlu. Lhkmffuk^_ehd Wlh l_dklu. Lh jZkkdZau. Wlh^_eh\u_ij_^eh`_gby Lhijh_dludhgljZdlh\ Wlh wkdbau. Lhwlbd_ldbbyjeudb Ij_^eh]b khegp_g_[_ mebp_^_j_\_ gZ dZjlbg_ dhgn_j_gpbb k_kkbb GZmebp_fgh]hZ\lh[mkh\ Y\b`m[_edmgZ^_j_\_ Fu\b^bfOjbklZgZdZjlbg_ >bj_dlhjgZdhgn_j_gpbb B^zlk_kkbyiZjeZf_glZ KZfhezl\g_[_ G_e_`bgZkhegp_

-mdZau\Z_lgZ[ebadbcdgZfij_^f_l -mdZau\Z_lgZ[ebadb_dgZfij_^f_lu -mdZau\Z_lgZ^ZezdbchlgZkij_^f_l -mdZau\Z_lgZ^Zezdb_hlgZkij_^f_lu This is a small shop. That is a super-market. This is an old house. That is a modern house. This is a ball-pen. That is a felt-pen. This is a leather >COH'-@ jacket. That is a rain-coat. This is a rouble >U9EO@ That is a dollar >CG2O-@ These are goods. Those are catalogues >CN;W-O2J]@ These are letters. Those are cables >NH*EO]@ These are buyers >CED*-]@ Those are suppliers >V-CSOD*-]@ These are `contracts. Those are the sums of the deals. These are texts. Those are stories >CVW3U*]@ These are offers. Those are drafts >GU%IWV@of contracts. These are sketches >CVNHW7*]@ Those are tags and labels >COH*E-O]@ sun, sky >VNDL@ street, tree picture the . conference session There are many buses in the street. I see a squirrel in the tree. We see Christ >NUD*VW@ in the picture. The director is in conference. The parliament is in session. The plane is in the sky. Don’t lie in the sun.

in on .

the

93

G?HIJ?>?E,GGU?F?KLHBF?GBY Indefinite pronouns

some

qlh-gb[m^v qlh-lh dlh-gb[m^v dlh-lh ]^_-gb[m^v ]^_-lh

something

dZdhc-lh g_kdhevdh g_fgh]h g_dhlhju_

somebody someone somewhere

bijhba\h^gu_hlwlh]hf_klhbf_gby

Wlbf_klhbf_gbymihlj_[eyxlky\ml\_j^bl_evguoij_^eh`_gbyo Somebody is knocking at the door. Someone Somebody left the window open. One of you promised me it. He is somewhere in the garden. There is something in the pocket.

Dlh-lhklmqbl\^\_jv Dlh-lhhklZ\behdghhldjuluf H^bgba\Zkh[_sZefg_wlh Hg]^_-lh\kZ^m Z3W@"

qlh ? dZd"dZdhc"q_f"

5.

What from ?

6.

Whom by >ED*@

7.

What from ?

8.

What with >Z2WZ*'@

q_f ?

9.

What on ? 

gZ^ q_f ?

10.

Which of >Z*W7-Y@"

dhlhjucba"

11.

When

>ZHQ@"

dh]^Z ?

12.

Where

>Z(-@"(from ?) 

]^_ ? hldm^Z" 

13.

Why

>ZD*@"

ihq_fm"ZdZd`_"^Z\_^v

14.

How

>KDX@"

dZd ? dZdbfh[jZahf"

15.

Whom with ?

16.

How often >2IQ@

17.

How
*QI-CPH*7Q@ office. What kind of office is this? It is a good information office. What kind of film is this? - It is a comedy. What are these? These are air tickets. What buildings are these? They are banks and offices. These What is this?

Qlhlh"-Lhhnbk DZdhcwlhhnbk"-WlhkijZ\hqgh_ [xjh DZdh_wlh[xjh"ohjhrhjZ[hlZ_l" Wlhohjhrbchnbk DZdhcwlhnbevf"-Wlhdhf_^by QlhwlhaZ\_sbij_^f_lu " Wlh[be_lugZkZfhezl QlhwlhaZa^Zgby" Wlh[Zgdbbhnbku

]^_? dm^Z"

where >Z(-@ =^_fhciml_\h^bl_evihEhg^hgm" =^_gZoh^blkyfhcghf_j" Dm^Zhgoh^blih\_q_jZf" Dm^Zlub^zrv" =^_lukgbfZ_rvd\Zjlbjm"

Where is my guide-book to London? Where is my room? Where does he go in the evening to? Where are you going to? Where do you rent your flat? dlh ? dh]h"

who >K9@ Dlh\uihbf_gb "-YGbd Dh]h\u`^_l_" Dlhhg\Zf^h\h^blky "-Hgfhchl_p

Who are you? - I am Nick. Who are you waiting for? Who is he to you? - He is my father.

whom >K9P@from Hldh]hlub^zrv" Hldh]hluihemqbeibkvfh"

m hl

> dh]h"

Whom are you going from? Whom did you get the letter from?

Ijbf_qZgb_\jmkkdhfyaud_ij_^eh]klhbli_j_^\hijhkbl_evgufkeh\hf Z\_^vwlhBjbgZ GmlZdqlh`_aZ[_^Z" how often ? DZdqZklh\u\klj_qZ_l_kvkg_c"

Why are you so late? Why, this is Irene! Why, what is the harm? dZd qZklh ? How often do you meet her?

99

how

many ? much ?

KdhevdhdhfgZl\l\h_cd\Zjlbj_" Kdhevdhdhn_ml_[y" where ... from ? Hldm^Zhgijb_oZe"

kdhevdh"

How many rooms are there in your flat? How much coffee have you got? hldm^Z ? Where did he come from?

what kind of ? DZdZym\Zkkh[ZdZ" DZdhcm\Zk^hf"

dZdhc" ihjh^u\b^khjl What kind of dog have you got? What kind of house have you got?

F?KLHBF?GBY each b every F_klhbf_gb_  each - dZ`^uc  mihlj_[ey_lky ih hlghr_gbx d h]jZgbq_gghfm qbkemebpbebij_^f_lh\ Ijbf_ju: IjhqblZcl_dZ`^h_ij_^eh`_gb_\gb fZl_evgh DZ`^hfmklm^_glm[ueZ\u^ZgZdgb]Z WlbZi_evkbguklhyli_gkh\dZ` ^uc DZ`^Zybadgb]-^jm]h]hp\_lZ Z\ghihjZqlh-lhk^_eZlvkwlbfl_e_ \bahjhf IZiZkdZaZeqlh^Z\ghihjZqlh[ufu hkhagZebkdhevdhklhbl_fmgZrh[jZah \Zgb_ FZfZkdZaZeZqlhihjZqlh[udlhgb[m^vihrzeb\ufueihkm^m

104

Neither rains nor frost stops true travellers. Neither stars nor moon was in the sky. Neither he nor his companions are going to learn Portugal. Either Tom or John will help us. The British say it this way Isn’t it time something were done about it? It is high time you did something about the TV-set. Father said it was high time we realized how much our education was costing him. Mother said it was time somebody went and did the dishes.

:JLBDEBG2J@ kh[ZdZ a text a dog >P;Q@ a man q_eh\_d a house >VD*]@ a size jZaf_j an animal >7H*S@ a shape nhjfZ

>WHNVW@ >KDXV@ >C;Q*P-O@ 

l_dkl ^hf `b\hlgh_

-@ GZau\Z_lkyhghg_hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevWlhlZjlbdevbf__l-_nhjfu `b\hlgh_ man >P;Q@ fm`qbgZ animal h^bg h^gh >C;Q*P-O@ an >-Q@ apple y[ehdh house >KDXV@ ^hfh^bg a >-@ dZdh_-lh >C;SO@ aeh kh[ZdZh^gZ dog >G2J@ evil >,YO@ ^\hjh^bg yard >M%G@ ?kebkeh\hgZqbgZ_lkykkh]eZkghc[md ?kebkeh\hgZqbgZ_lkyk]eZkghc[md \ubY)i_j_^gbfklZ\blkyZjlbdev \ui_j_^gbfklZ\blkyZjlbdevan a. A\md >M@ihem]eZkguc :jlbdev a, an mihlj_[ey_lky i_j_^ gZa\Zgb_f ij_^f_lZ \ _^bgkl\_gghf qbke__kebwlhkeh\hmihfbgZ_lkyi_j\ucjZa\^ZgghckblmZpbb?keb`_^Zg gh_ keh\h mihfbgZ_lky \lhjhc beb lj_lbc jZa lh]^Z gZ^h mihlj_[blv Zjlbdev the. Hgzf[m^_lkdZaZghgb`_I_j_^gZa\Zgbyfbij_^f_lh\\hfgh`_kl\_g ghfqbke_a, an g_mihlj_[ey_lky I have a dog. Mf_gy_klvkh[ZdZ

I have a . dogs. d Mf_gy_klvkh[Zdb

I_j_\h^blkyebg_hij_^_ezggucZjlbdevgZjmkkdbcyaud" Bgh]^Zg_i_j_\h^blkyGhg_j_^dbkemqZbdh]^Za bebanfh`ghi_j_\_klb dZdh^bgh^gZh^ghdZdhc-lhdZdZy-lhex[hcbadZdhcm]h^gh >jm]hcZjlbdev

hij_^_ezgguc

dhgdj_lbabjmxsbc ebfblbjmxsbc bg^b\b^mZebabjmxsbc

Hgijhbaghkblky wlhl fm`qbgZ animals wlb `b\hlgu_ man wlb y[ehdb the >',@ the >'-@ house wlhl ^hf apples wlZ kh[ZdZ wlh aeh dog evil ?kebhij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev klhbl ?kebhij_^_ezggucZjlbdev klhbli_ i_j_^keh\hfdhlhjh_gZqbgZ_lkyk j_^keh\hfdhlhjh_gZqbgZ_lkyk kh]eZkghc[md\ulhthea\mqbldZd>'-@ ]eZkghc[md\ulhthe a\mqbldZd>',@

105

I_j_\h^blkyebhij_^_ezggucZjlbdevthegZjmkkdbcyaud" Bgh]^Z_]hfh`ghg_i_j_\h^blvG_lg_h[oh^bfhklb GZijbf_j: the moon - emgZ, the sun - khegp_Ghhq_gvqZklhZjlbdevthei_j_ \h^blkydZdwlhwlZwlhlwlblhlZlhll_

L_i_jvih^jh[g__h g_hij_^_ezgghf Zjlbde_ :g]ebckdb_bkqbkey_fu_kms_kl\bl_evgu_lZdgZau\Zxlkykms_kl\b l_evgu_dhlhju_fh`ghi_j_kqblZlv \_^bgkl\_gghfqbke_g_fh]ml a dog the [ulvmihlj_[e_gu[_a beb my What a nice day! (G_: What nice day). DZdhcij_djZkguc^_gv Be careful of the dog! (G_: Be careful of dog). ;_j_]bkvwlhckh[Zdb Is he a good driver? Hgohjhrbcrhn_j" I never wear a hat (G_: I never wear hat) Ygbdh]^Zg_ghrmreyim Jill has got a long nose. M>`beZ^ebggucghk Is there a bank near here? A^_kv_klvih[ebahklb[Zgd" A young man is calling for you. DZdhc-lhiZj_gvah\zll_[y Buy me a pen, please. Dmibfg_ex[mxjmqdm May I take a sweet? Fh`ghy\havfmdhgn_lm" heeZj-^_gv]bKR: 3) &bf_gZfbkms_kl\bl_evgufbh[hagZqZxsbfbgZa\ZgbyfmaudZevguo bgkljmf_glh\ Can you play the guitar? Lufh`_rvb]jZlvgZ]blZj_" The piano is my favourite instrument. IbZgbgh-fhcex[bfucfmaudZev gucbgkljmf_gl 106

4) I_j_^ijbeZ]Zl_evguf_kebj_qvb^zlh]jmii_ex^_c\hfgh`_kl\_gghf qbke_ the young fheh^u_ the old klZju_ex^b the rich [h]Zlu_ the poor [_^gydb the sick [hevgu_ the homeless [_a^hfgu_ the unemployed [_ajZ[hlgu_ the dead >GHG@mf_jrb_ the elderly ij_klZj_eu_ the injured >C*QG=-G@jZg_gu_, hkdhj[ezggu_ 5) Kbf_gZfbkms_kl\bl_evgufbh[hagZqZxsbfbgZpbhgZevghklv njZgpmau the French jmkkdb_ the Russians Zg]ebqZg_ the English = the British [jZabevpu the Brazilians bkiZgpu the Spanish g_fpu the Germans ]heeZg^pu the Dutch blZevygpu the Italians dblZcpu the Chinese 6) KgZa\Zgbyfbhd_Zgh\fhj_cj_ddZgZeh\]hjguooj_[lh\ the Atlantic ocean >CRX7-Q@ :leZglbq_kdbc hd_Zg the Indian ocean Bg^bckdbc hd_Zg the Pacific ocean Lbobc hd_Zg the Suez Ca`nal Km_pdbcdZgZe the Red Sea DjZkgh_fhj_ the Black Sea Qzjgh_ fhj_ the Thames >WHP]@ L_faZ the Nile Gbe the Volga hf the Tate Gallery =Ze_j_y “L_cl” the Washington Post =Za_lZ³Zcl_fg_ih`ZemcklZ\bedmbeh`dm E3W@a bicycle >fED*V*NO@and I bought a motorcycle >VD*NO@ It is a very simple question. A child can answer >%QV-@it. Show me the parrot >CS;U-W@which you bought yesterday >CMHVW-G*@ Shall I send him a letter or a telegram? Send him a letter. Here is >K*-U*]@the letter I told you about. A young >M/1@ man is waiting for you in the entrance hall. Where is the dictionary >CG*N7-QU*@? It is in the bookcase. What is that (the) girl? - She is a maid. He was born in a small village. Have you got a pen? What warm weather >CZH'-@ What a fine day! When we left the plane we saw a large bus. When the teacher entered the classroom, the pupils stood up. There was a large garden round >UDXQG@ the house. It was an interesting film. It is (so, too) easy >C,]*@ a text for you. The text was very difficult for the (^ey l_o, dlh _]h i_j_\h^be) pupils.

:jlbdev the g_mihlj_[ey_lkykkms_kl\bl_evgufb ihke_dhlhjuob^_lpbnjZ I live in house 14. Y`b\m\^hf_‹ You may read >U,G@ about it in text 5. G2Q@ glance Yihgyewlhki_j\h]h\a]ey^Z I understood it at a < first sight Fuih_^_ffhj_f We shall go by sea. YqblZxwlh\ih^ebggbd_ I read it in the original. ?keb\ug_lhjhibl_kvy\Zfh[wlhf If you are not in a hurry I shall tell you jZkkdZ`m about it. O%IW@ HgZg_ohl_eZ\hablvkykwlbf She didn’t want to take the trouble with this mq_gbdhf. pupil. Hg\klZegZjZkk\_l_

He got up


IRXQ@to ring up iha\hgb(lv) to call smbd up, to give (make) a call Fg_gZ^hiha\hgblv I have got a call to make. Hg a\hgbl. He is making a call. Fh`ghfg_iha\hgblvih\Zr_fml_e_nhgm" May I use your phone? Fg_gZ^h_fmiha\hgblv I must give him a call. Zwjhihjl airport the Call up at . hnbk office Iha\hgb\ at. hl_ev ghfh`ghb hotel in Ehg^hg London

112

:jlbdebg_mihlj_[eyxlkyi_j_^Z[kljZdlgufkms_kl\bl_evguf _kebi_j_^gbfklhblijbeZ]Zl_evgh_ h]jhfguc ^hkZ^gh_ j_Zevguc

hiul ihgbfZgb_ agZgb_y

kh\j_f_gguc_ ^j_\gbc fhkdh\kdh_ Zg]ebckdbc

a. the .

great annoying real

experience understanding knowledge

ebl_jZlmjZ ihwaby \j_fy xfhj

a. the .

modern ancient Moscow English

literature poetry >CSRX*WU*@ time humour >CKM9P-@

jughqgZy wdhghfbdZ ^_fhdjZlbq_kdZy h[s_kl\h \ukrZy fhjZev

a. the .

market democratic high

economy society >V-CVD*-W*@ morality >P-CU;O*W*@

Ijbf_ju HgZhlghkbeZkvdhfg_kiheguf ihgbfZgb_f Yg_h^h[jyxkh\j_f_gghcfh^u Zcl__fm^hklZlhqgh\j_f_gbb j_amevlZl[m^_l Hgij_ih^Z\Ze^j_\gxxebl_jZlmjm\ g_[hevrhfdhee_^`_ Kh\j_f_ggZyZg]ebckdZy ebl_jZlmjZ[h]ZlZ

She treated me with complete understanding. I don’t hold with modern fashions. She spoke without great conviction. Father said that I was not ready >CUHG*@ for life because I had no sence of humour. He wrote articles on `modern `poetry. It is 10 o`clock p.m. on Moscow time. Give him sufficient time and there will be results. He taught `ancient `literature in a small college. Modern English literature is rich.

K^ZlZfbmihlj_[ey_lkyij_^eh]on i_j\h]h fZy on the 1-st (first) of May iylh]h bxgy on the fifth of June \\hkdj_k_gv_\_q_jhf on Sunday evening \lhl`_kZfuc^_gv on the same day \gZagZq_gguc^_gv on the appointed day \^_gvijb[ulby_]h on the day of his arrival \^_gv_]hhlt_a^Z on the day of his departure gm`ghmihlj_[eylv Khkeh\Zfb [hevgbp_ hospital a. eZ]_j_ camp at \ rdhe_ school the . ^hf_ home dhee_^`_ college work gZjZ[hl_

113

F G H @ ? K L