Позднечетвертичная история авифауны юга Приенисейской Сибири: Птицы из пещеры Еленева 3659539848, 9783659539848

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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ

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Ɍɢɩɵɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɢ«««««««««««««««««««««««««..

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ɉɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɅɟɜɵɣ ɛɟɪɟɝȿɧɢɫɟɹɭ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ«««««««««««««««««««««««««

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2

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɦ-ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɫɬɨɦ, ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ Ⱥɪɤɚɞɢɟɦ əɤɨɜɥɟɜɢɱɟɦ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɟ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ Ʉɪɵɦɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɥɢɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɦ  ɩɬɢɰɚɦ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ >ȺɪɤɚɞɢɸəɤɨɜɥɟɜɢɱɭɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɭɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ.., 2011]. ȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɋȺȻɭɬɭɪɥɢɧɵɦ ɜ  ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɜɨɞɤɚ ©ɉɬɢɰɵ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢª ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɛɨɪɵ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɞɨɭɫɬɶɹɷɬɨɣɜɟɥɢɤɨɣɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣɪɟɤɢ ȿɧɢɫɟɣ ± ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɡɨɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨ-ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɭɸ ɢɥɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɈɛɫɤɭɸ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɭɸ ɢɥɢ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɚɥɟɚɪɤɬɢɤɢ ɗɬɨ ɫɜɨɟɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɭɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ  ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ. ɉɉɋɭɲɤɢɧ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɪɟɞ-ɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ >ɋɭɲɤɢɧ 1914, 1925], ȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɥɟɫɨ-ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨɣ ɡɨɧɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɭɸ ɋɢɛɢɪɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɨɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ[Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ]. ɋɡɨɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ȿɧɢɫɟɣ ± ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɚɹ ɜ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɮɚɭɧ ɢ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ >Ɋɨɝɚɱɟɜɚ ɋɵɪɨɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ 2000] ɚ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɫ ɸɝɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ Ɍɭɜɵ ɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɚɝɨɦ ɜɢɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜ 2007]. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɜɲɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɫ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɯȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨɪɶɹ ɢ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɛɨɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɮɚɭɧ >Ɋɨɝɚɱɟɜɚ ɋɵɪɨɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ@ ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɦɬɚɤɢɧɚɥɟɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ  ɬɵɫɹɱ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ 125 3

ɜɢɞɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ  ɩɬɢɰ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɸɝɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɜ -ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɢ ɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ -ɟ ɝɨɞɵɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɵɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɟɟ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɛɵɥɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɨɜɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɭɡɟɣ [ȽɨɪɟɥɨɜɚȻɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ, 2008]. ȼɫɟɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɟɢɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢɩɬɢɰɛɵɥɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɇȼɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɟɦɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɷɬɨɣɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ, ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡɵ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɉɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɊȺɇ. ɗɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɥɟɝɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ  ɝɨɞɭ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ ©ɉɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɘɠɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ Ⱥɥɬɚɟ ± ɋɚɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɪɧɚɹɫɬɪɚɧɚ ª[Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɨɤɨɥɨɜɫɟɯɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɢɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟɞɚɥɢɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢɨɛɚɚɜɬɨɪɚȻɨɝɚɬɵɟɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢɢɡɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɢɥɢɸ, ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɬɢɰɨɬɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɋɨɜɢɧɵɣ ɧɚɜɟɫ Ɋɨɟɜɫɤɚɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɹɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɬɢɰɡɞɟɫɶɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯɩɨɥɨɫɬɹɯ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɆɢɯɟɟɜ@. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ;; ɜɟɤɚ 4

ɂɋɌɈɊɂəɂɁɍɑȿɇɂə ɋɍȻɎɈɋɋɂɅɖɇɕɏɂɎɈɋɋɂɅɖɇɕɏɉɌɂɐ ɇȺɋɊȿȾɇȿɆȿɇɂɋȿȿ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ  ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɚɜɧɸɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɷɩɨɯɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɵɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɣ -1743 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ-ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɫɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɤɚɤ ɉɋ ɉɚɥɥɚɫ ɂȽȽɦɟɥɢɧɋɉɄɪɚɲɟɧɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɢɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹɨɧɚɧɚɛɟɪɟɝɚɯȿɧɢɫɟɹɁɞɟɫɶ Ɏɂ ɋɬɪɚɥɟɧɛɟɪɝ ɱɥɟɧ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ ȾȽ Ɇɟɫɫɟɪɲɦɢɞɬɚ  ± ɝɝ  ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯɧɚɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɹɛɥɢɡɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɨɬɦɟɬɢɜɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɧɢɯ ©ɬɪɭɩɩɬɢɰɜɪɨɞɟɫɨɣɤɢª[Stralenberg, 1730]ɗɬɨɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɩɟɪɜɨɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɟɩɬɢɰɜɩɟɳɟɪɚɯɋɢɛɢɪɢ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨ  ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ  ɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɢɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɤɚɤɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɉɥɚɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɚɥɟɨoɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɱɚɬɵ Ⱥə Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢȺɮɨɧɬɨɜɚɝɨɪɚ ,,Ⱥɮɨɧɬɨɜɚɝɨɪɚ ,,,ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɧɨɝɨɥɨɝɚ  ɭɤɚɡɚɥ ɜɢɞɨɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯɩɬɢɰ>Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ]. ɉɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɚɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟɜ-ɯɢ-ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ȼɂ Ƚɪɨɦɨɜɵɦ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɞɟɥɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɤɨɫɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɩɟɳɟɪ [Ⱥɭɷɪɛɚɯ ȽɪɨɦɨɜȽɪɨɦɨɜ]ȼɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɝɨɞɚ ȼɂȽɪɨɦɨɜ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɢ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ± ɉɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɉɭɧɤɬ ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ȻɭɝɚɱɢɥɢɄɚɱɚ ɝɞɟɛɵɥɢɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɝɭɦɟɧɧɢɤ (Anser fabalis)ɛɟɥɚɹ(Lagopus lagoous) ɢɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɚɹɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ (L. mutus). ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɉ.ɋ.ɉɪɨɫɤɭɪɹɤɨɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɥɟɬɨɦ 1892 ɝɨɞɚ ɝɟɨɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɨɧɭ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ, ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ, ɧɚɬɤɧɭɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɟɳɟɪɭɊɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɸ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ 5

ȼ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ 1914 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ Ⱥ.ə.Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɜ Ɇɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, ɝɞɟ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ ɋɬɟɩɧɨɣ Ȼɚɞɠɟɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ȼ 1925 ɝɨɞɭ, ɱɥɟɧɵ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɠɤɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɂ.Ɍ.ɋɚɜɟɧɤɨɜɚ ɜɟɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɇ.Ʉ.Ⱥɭɷɪɛɚɯɚ ɛɥɢɡ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɹɯ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ, ² ɪɟɱɟɤ Ȼɢɪɸɫɚ, ɩɨɞ Ɍɚɤɦɚɤɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɟ©ɋɬɨɥɛɵªɢɭɪɟɤɢɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ. Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɢɧɫɤɢɣɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɣɪɚɣɨɧɢɡɨɛɢɥɭɸɳɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɢɜɟɫɶɦɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣɫ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɥɟɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɹɜ ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ  ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɣ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɣɝɨɣ ɫ ɪɟɥɢɤɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɣ ȼ - ɝɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɜ ɝɪɨɬɚɯ ɛɥɢɡ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥ Ⱥɋ ȿɥɟɧɟɜ   ȼ -ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢɤɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɟɹɜɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɜɥɢɰɟɟɝɨɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚȼɵɲɟɭɫɬɶɹɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡɛɨɤɨɜɵɯɥɨɝɨɜɨɧɫɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɧɨɫɹɳɟɣɬɟɩɟɪɶɢɦɹɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɊɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɷɬɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɧɵɣ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɧɨ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɯɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ>Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ 1932; Obolensky @ ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɢɯɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯɩɟɳɟɪɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɗɊɊɵɝɞɵɥɨɧɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɪɚɫɤɨɩɚɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɵɄɚɪɦɚɧ-ɢȼɨɪɨɬɚ >Ɋɵɝɞɵɥɨɧ@. ȼɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɰɟɜ ɤ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɳɟɪ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɭɝɚɫ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɣ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɫɤɨɧɰɚ0-ɯɩɨɜɫɟɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨɢɩɪɢɧɹɥɨ ɝɪɚɧɞɢɨɡɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦɢɥɸɞɶɦɢɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɦɫɹɩɨɡɞɧɟɟɜɫɟɤɰɢɢɢɤɥɭɛɵɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɨɜ ȼ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɛɭɪɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɤɥɭɛɚ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɂɉȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɚ ɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ, ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯɤɝɨɪɨɞɭ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ȼ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɚ Ƚɨɪɧɨ-Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɚ ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɚ Ɍɨɦɫɤɚ ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɚ ɇȾ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜɭ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɢɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɛɨɥɟɟɱɟɦ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɋɚɹɧ ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ 6

ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɦ ȼ 80-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɡɨɨɥɨɝɢ ȺɆ ɏɪɢɬɚɧɤɨɜ ɢ ȼȼɄɨɠɟɱɤɢɧ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ "ɋɬɨɥɛɵ", ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɛɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ȼɝɨɞɭɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɩɪɟɠɞɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɛɨɪɵɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯɢ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɢɥ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɲɭɪɮ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɝɨȻɵɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɦɟɬɪɨɜɜɵɲɟɩɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ "ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɉɥɚɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɵɯɥɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɱɚɬɨɟɜɝ. ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚ ɇɉɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ, ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɨ ɜ  ɝɨɞɭ ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɚɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɤ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦɭɦɢɪɭ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ȼ  ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ± ɪɟɤɟ Ʉɚɧ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɤɨɧɰɚ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɇɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɝɨɝɨɥɶ Bucephala clangula), ɝɥɭɯɚɪɶTetrao urogallus ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜT.tetrix >ɆɚɫɥɨɜȺɧɬɢɩɢɧɚ@ ȾɥɹɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɢɌɚɲɬɵɤɨɬɪɵɬɨɣɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɨɩɪɟɞɥɟɧɵɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɫɬɟɣɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤȺɛɪɚɦɨɜɚ  Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ ɤɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ 80ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ  ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɞɚɥɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢɩɬɢɰɚɦ

7

ɌɂɉɕɄȺɊɋɌɈȼɕɏɉɈɅɈɋɌȿɃɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂɌȺɎɈɇɈɆɂɂ ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɶ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ ɤ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢɩɬɢɰ Ʉɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɟɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɛɨɥɟɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɜɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ Ʉɚɤ  ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɷɬɨ  ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɬɪɨɝɥɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɧɨɫ ɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɦɢɯɢɳɧɢɤɚɦɢɢɧɚɤɨɧɟɰɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɉɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɜ), ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ȼɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɩɹɬɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɬɢɩɨɜɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯɩɭɫɬɨɬ [ɪɢɫɈɜɨɞɨɜ]:

Ɋɢɫ 1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɬɢɩɵɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯɩɥɨɫɬɟɣɫɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ.

1) ± ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɭ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɢɲɢ ɢ ɧɚɜɟɫɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ); 2) ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɧɚɜɟɫɵɢɝɪɨɬɵɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦɭɫɜɟɬɭɢɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 8

ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɯɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜȼɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɫɥɨɹɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɢ ©ɤɭɯɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɛɪɨɫɵª ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɑɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɚɪɧɢɡɵ ɩɨɥɨɱɤɢ  ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɫɚɞɚɦɢ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɝɚɞɤɢ; 3) ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɟɫɭɛɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɝɚɥɟɪɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ Ɍɢɩɵ  ɢ  ± ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ-ɥɨɜɭɲɤɢ  - ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ  - ɪɵɫɟɣ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɟɣɥɢɫɢɬɞɇɚɯɨɞɤɢɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰɜɩɨɥɨɫɬɹɯɷɬɢɯɬɢɩɨɜɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣɞɜɭɯɬɢɩɨɜ± ©ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯɧɢɲªɢɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɝɪɨɬɨɜɤɨɡɵɪɶɤɢ ɧɚɞ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɯɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɞɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɚɞ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ   ɢ  . ɋ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɬɪɨɝɥɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ. ȼ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ± ɞɨɛɵɱɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ  ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯɢɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɣɡɚɧɨɫ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡ  ³ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɢɲ´ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ³ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯɧɢɲ´ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɜ ɪɵɯɥɨɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ   ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ   ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦ ɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɵɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɢɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɨɛɢɥɢɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ Ɉɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ©Owls, caves, fossilsª, ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɉɟɬɪɨɦ ɗɧɞɪɸɫɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɛɪɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɣɢɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɩɟɳɟɪ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɦ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɚɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ [Andrews, 1990@ ɇɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɨɁɚɩɚɞɧɨɦȺɥɬɚɟ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇɚɞɚɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ].

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ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ± ɦɟɬɨɞɵ Ɇɨɪɟɪ-ɒɟɜɟɪɟ, ɗɪɢɤɫɨɧɚ  ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɣ Ȼɨɯɟɧɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ɍɨɦɟɤ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ$EɨPHV GHOD)DJHɎɪɚɧɰɢɹ Ɇɨɪɟɪ-ɒɟɜɟɪɟɨɬɦɟɬɢɥɚɞɥɹɜɵɦɟɪɲɟɣɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢPerdix palaeoperdix ɢɡɛɵɬɨɤɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ, ɬɨɟɫɬɶɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚɢɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɚ [Morer-Chauvirp@. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣɦɚɞɥɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɪɨɬɨɜ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɢ ɢ ȼɟɧɝɪɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥ əɧɨɲɢɞɥɹɩɬɢɰɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢɡɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯɧɢɲ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɗɪɢɤɫɨɧɨɦ, ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬ  ɲɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ± ɩɥɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɢ ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɛɟɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɩɵ Ɉɧ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰ ɨɬɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɨɯɨɬɨɣɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣ  ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɬɚɤɨɜ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɵɥɶɟɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ - ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɵɥɶɟɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɯɨɬɚ ɡɚɛɨɣ ɢ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ  ɢ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ [Ericson, 1987]. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɵɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɫɬɟɣɨɧɢ ɨɩɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɜɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹɯ. Ȼɨɶɲɭɸ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɜ -ɯ Ɂɛɢɝɧɟɜ Ȼɨɯɟɧɶɫɤɢɣ  ɫ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɨɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɭɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚɯɫɰɟɥɶɸɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰ [BocheĔski et al, 1993]:

10

Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ: 1. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɱɟɪɟɩɨɜɧɢɠɧɢɯɱɟɥɸɫɬɟɣɝɪɭɞɢɧɵɬɚɡɚ 2. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ 3. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɱɢɫɥɨɨɫɨɛɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɥɨɫɶɩɨɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭɉɪɢɱɟɦɮɚɭɧɚɜɰɟɥɨɦɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɚɫɶɤɚɤɨɞɢɧɜɢɞ 4. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɪɵɥɚɢɧɨɝɢɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɪɵɥɚ± ɷɬɨ ɩɥɟɱɟɜɚɹɥɨɤɬɟɜɚɹɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɧɨɝɢ± ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɢɛɢɨɬɚɪɫɭɫ 5. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ± ɥɨɩɚɬɤɚɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɩɥɟɱɟɜɚɹɛɟɞɪɟɧɚɹɬɢɛɢɨɬɚɪɫɭɫ Ⱦɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ- ɥɨɤɬɟɜɚɹɪɚɞɢɭɫɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɢɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫ 6. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ©FRUHª ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɱɚɫɬɹɦɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ± ɷɬɨɝɪɭɞɢɧɚɬɚɡɥɨɩɚɬɤɚɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ± ɩɥɟɱɟɜɚɹɥɨɤɬɟɜɚɹɥɭɱɟɜɚɹɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫ ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɫɬɟɣ: 7. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɫɬɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢȻɵɥɢɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ 8. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɥɨ ɤɨɫɬɢ  ɧɟɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɵ©ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɵªɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɹɦɢ ȼɧɟɲɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɬɟɩɥɨɦɤɭɫɨɱɟɤɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɵ©ɨɫɬɪɵɟªɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɯɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɟɥɤɢɟɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɢɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹɫɨɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɹɦɢ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɷɬɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚ 9. ɋɥɨɦɵ ©ɨɫɬɪɵɟª ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɫɥɨɦɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ  ©ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɟª  ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɨɤɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɫɭɬɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɤɪɚɹɦɢ Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɵɣɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ: 10.ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɯɢɳɧɵɦɢɩɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɥɟɞɚɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɤɚɦɧɹɢɤɨɫɬɢɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ  ɫɥɟɞɵ ɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɧɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ 11

11.ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɫ ɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɡɚɣɰɟɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɷɬɢɯɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯɯɢɳɧɵɦɢɩɬɢɰɚɦɢ Ȼɨɯɟɧɶɫɤɢɣɫɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɱɬɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɪɰɢɣ  ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤɪɚɡɧɵɯɯɢɳɧɵɯɩɬɢɰɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣɧɟɹɫɵɬɢɮɢɥɢɧɚɭɲɚɫɬɨɣɫɨɜɵ ɨɪɥɚ-ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ  ɛɵɥ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɚ ɢ ɫɤɚɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɮɨɫɫɢɥɢɣ ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹɧɚɷɬɨɜɫɟɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɵɧɟɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɬɧɚɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨɩɬɢɰɚɦɢɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɫɬɟɣɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɟɣɤɨɫɬɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɨɬ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ± ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɨɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɥɵɟ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ  ɋɨɜɢɧɵɣ ɧɚɜɟɫ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ  ɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɧɟɨɥɢɬ  ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ  ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜ ɚ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ Ɏɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɟɧɢɲɢɜɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹ©ɋɨɜɢɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɫª Ɏɢɥɢɧɨɜɚɧɢɲɚ©ɋɨɜɢɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɫªɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɉȼɆɚɧɞɪɵɤɨɣɜ ɝɨɞɭɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɨɫɦɨɬɪɚɥɟɜɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚȿɧɢɫɟɹɛɥɢɡɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚȺɜɬɨɪɵɜɫɤɪɵɥɢɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟɤɜɦɟɬɪɚɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɥɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɧɢɲɢ  ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ  ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɧɨɦ ɬɪɨɮɟɟɜ Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɷɬɚ ɧɢɲɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɨɜɚɦ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ± ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣɝɨɥɨɰɟɧ 12

Ƚɪɭɧɬɢɡɷɬɨɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɫɹɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɦɢɩɨ-ɫɦɫ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɦ ɫɢɬɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɭɲɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɭɛɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɥɨ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɟ Arvicola terrestris  ɢɡ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɡɚɣɰɟɜ ɤɪɨɬɚ ɯɨɦɹɤɚ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɛɭɪɨɡɭɛɨɤ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɤ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɹɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɫɩɢɫɨɤɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɯɜ©ɋɨɜɢɧɨɦɧɚɜɟɫɟªɩɬɢɰ. Ɍɚɛɥ. 1Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚɢɡ©ɋɨɜɢɧɨɝɨɧɚɜɟɫɚª Ʉɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ% ɨɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɅɨɩɚɬɤɚQ  1 96 1 ɄɨɪɚɤɨɢɞQ  14 53 31 ɉɥɟɱɟɜɚɹQ  10 52 36 ɅɨɤɬɟɜɚɹQ  13 47 39 ɅɭɱɟɜɚɹQ  8 47 43 ɄɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫQ  30 44 25 ȻɟɞɪɟɧɧɚɹQ  5 49 46 ȻɨɥɶɲɟɛɟɪɰɨɜɚɹQ  3 40 56 ɌɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫQ  30 15 52

ɬɟɥɨ ɤɨɫɬɢ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ MNI (N)

ȼɫɟɝɨ MNI (%)

2 2 3 1 3 0 0 1 3

72 137 154 94 43 82 152 170 183

39 75 84 51 23 45 83 93 100

ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ  ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ  ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɤɨɫɬɟɣɤɪɵɥɚɢɥɚɩɵɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɤɨɫɬɟɣɡɚɞɧɟɣɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ  ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ  ɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ± ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫ ɢ ɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫ. ɇɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɨɜ

13

Ɋɢɫ2. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɩɥɟɱɟɜɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚɢɡɩɨɝɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɜɋɨɜɢɧɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɫɟ ɫɥɨɣ   ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɤɨɥɵ ɨɬ ɤɨɝɬɟɣ ɢ ɤɥɸɜɚ ©ɝɭɛɱɚɬɨɟª ɤɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ  ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɪɚɛɨɬɵɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɢɫɥɨɬ.

ɉɟɳɟɪɚɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹɜɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɎɢɥɢɧɢɥɢɤɪɭɩɧɵɟɫɨɤɨɥɚ? ɉɟɳɟɪɚ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ± ɯɨɪɨɲɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣɤɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɰɚɦɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣɩɨɥɟɜɨɦɭɛɟɪɟɝɭɪȻɢɪɸɫɵɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨɨɬɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɟɟɜȿɧɢɫɟɣɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ± Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ  Ʉɚɤ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɵɦ Ⱦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɚɷɬɨɝɨɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɧɢɠɟ ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɛɟɥɵɦ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚɦ ɏɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ  ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɟ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɛɵɬɶɨɯɨɬɧɢɱɶɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɨɜ (Falco rusticollis)ɚɧɟɮɢɥɢɧɨɜ. ɏɨɬɹ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɵ ɧɟ ɝɧɟɡɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɢɯ ɩɢɳɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ  >ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Bengston, 1971; Langvatn, 1977; Huhtala at all, 1996]. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɪɟɱɟɬ ɩɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ  ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɬɢɰɚɦɢ ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ, ɱɟɦ ɫɚɩɫɚɧ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɛɟɪɟɬ ɞɨɛɵɱɭ ɫ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɗɬɢɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɟ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ  ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ [Ⱦɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜ ] Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɚ ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦɢ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚɦɢ Ɂɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɛɥɢɡ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɢɣ ɨɧɢɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬɜɩɢɬɚɧɢɢɷɬɨɝɨɫɨɤɨɥɚɋɤɨɪɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɤɨɱɟɜɤɢɤɪɟɱɟɬɨɜɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ[Ⱦɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜ+XKWDODHWDO]. 14

Ʉɨɪɦɨɜɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ  ɩɨɟɞɢ  ɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ ± ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɨɥɢɧɵɟ ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɷɬɨ ɤɪɵɥɶɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɥɟɱɟɜɨɝɨɩɨɹɫɚ ɉɪɢɨɛɢɥɢɢɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɪɭɞɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɵ  ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɴɟɞɟɧɵɱɬɨɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɢɥɭɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɫ  ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɨɜ  ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɛɟɥɵɟɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟɢɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟɩɬɢɰɵ ɜɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɇɟɞɜɟɠɶɹɧɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɍɪɚɥɟ [ɉɨɬɚɩɨɜɚ].

Ɋɢɫ 3. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢɡ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɵɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɤɨɫɬɢɜɦɟɫɬɟɩɪɢɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɜɹɡɨɤ

Ɍɚɛɥ. 2Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɥɵɟɤɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ± ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ  ɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ Ʉɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ʌɨɩɚɬɤɚn = 200) Ʉɨɪɚɤɨɢɞn = 433) ɉɥɟɱɟɜɚɹn = 539) Ʌɨɤɬɟɜɚɹn = 1743) Ʌɭɱɟɜɚɹn = 594)

ɰɟɥɚɹ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥ ɞɢɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɥɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ % ɤɨɫɬɢ % MNI (N) ɱɚɫɬɶ 0 96 4 0 120 11 69 20 0 191 17 37 44 1 180 34 30 35 0,5 630 47 22 31 0 244 15

ȼɫɟɝɨ MNI (%) 4 7 6 22 8

Ʉɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫn =5853) Ȼɟɞɪɟɧɧɚɹn = 1296) Ȼɨɥɶɲɟɛɟɪɰɨɜɚɹn = 2334) Ɍɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫn =3517)

96 3 0 88

2 39 31 5

2 58 68 7

0 0 1 0

2912 413 811 1721

100 14 28 59

ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɪɵɥɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɱɬɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɬɫɭɦɦɵ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɢ ɥɚɩɵ Ⱦɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ 71 ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ  ɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ 6 ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɟɣɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɨɜ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɧɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ  ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ± ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɵ ɸɝɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ  ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ  ɢɡ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ X, XI ɢ XII ɗɬɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɨɬɵɦɢ ɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɫɭɥɶ ɛɭɪɵɯ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɟɣ ɡɚɣɰɟɜ ȼ  ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɱɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɹɬɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɚɦɧɹ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɞ >Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ, ɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɈɜɨɞɨɜ, 2009]ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢɥɢ ɯɢɳɧɵɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ" ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɧɨ ɢ  ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɩɨɝɪɵɡɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɨɬ ɤɨɝɬɟɣ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɪɚɟɜ ɫɥɨɦɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰɢɬɩ

16

Ɍɚɛɥ3 Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɞɥɢɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚ ɢɡɧɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟɤɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɟɱɢɫɥɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɫɬɶ %

Ʌɨɩɚɬɤɚn = 9) Ʉɨɪɚɤɨɢɞn = 33 ) ɉɥɟɱɟɜɚɹn = 43 ) Ʌɨɤɬɟɜɚɹn = 60) Ʌɭɱɟɜɚɹn = 23) Ʉɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫn = 44) Phalanx 1 d. majoris (n=49) Ȼɟɞɪɟɧɧɚɹn = 109) Ȼɨɥɶɲɟɛɟɪɰɨɜɚɹn = 278) Ɍɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫn =301)

0 9 0 0 13 66 92 0 0 71

ɩɪɨɤɫɢ -ɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ

ɞɢɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɥɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ȼɫɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɫɬɢ MNI (N) MNI (%) ©ɞɢɚɮɢɡª

93 36 49 43 30 16 2 37 60 15

7 55 42 48 57 14 6 63 40 14

0 0 9 9 0 4 0 0 0 0

9 14 13 18 10 24 26 39 86 144

6 9 9 11 6 15 17 25 55 92

ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɤɪɵɥɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɱɬɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɤɨɫɬɟɣɤɪɵɥɚɢɥɚɩɵ1  ɉɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɫɤɟɥɟɬɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ 1   ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ  ɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ɉɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ   ɨɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ 1    ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ± ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɶ ɫ ɨɫɟɜɵɦ ɱɟɪɟɩɨɦ Ȼɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɜɚ ɨɛɨɠɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚɢɡɧɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɟɜɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɨɱɟɧɶɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɋɨɜɢɧɨɦɧɚɜɟɫɟɈɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɚɤɠɟ  ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɟɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɢɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɵɯ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɤɨɥɚɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɤɨɝɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɤɥɸɱɚɦɢ ɯɢɳɧɵɯɩɬɢɰ>ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ/DURODQGLH]. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ 1. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɢɥɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɤɟɥɟɬɚɩɬɢɰ. Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɟɫɚ ɩɟɳɟɪ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶɫɯɨɞɧɨɣɫɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢɩɪɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɢ ɩɨɟɞɟɣ ɮɢɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ  ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɩɥɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɉɫɨɛɧɹɤɨɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ± 17

ɪɟɡɤɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɢFɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɪɵɥɚ ± ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɪɤɚɩɭɫ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɚɥɚɧɝɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɶɰɚ ɤɪɵɥɚ  ɋɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɨɜ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɟɜȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ- ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɱɚɫɬɶɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɱɟɪɟɩɚɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɟɥɸɫɬɢɗɬɨɬɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɡɚɫɱɟɬɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ȿɫɬɶɞɚɧɧɵɟɱɬɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹɯɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɱɟɪɟɩɚɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɢɥɢɫɢɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɵɢɥɢɨɬɫɬɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ >ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪBocheĔsky & Nekrasov 2001]. 2. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ 01,, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɞɥɹɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɇɚɢɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ 01, ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɫɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɚ ɜ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ  ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚ ɜ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ± ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ  ɤɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɨ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɮɢɥɢɧɚɦɢɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɫɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ>BocheĔski et al, 1993]ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ± ɢɡɷɬɨɝɨɪɹɞɚɜɵɩɚɞɚɟɬɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ 3. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɡɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɤɟɥɟɬɚɞɨɥɹɰɟɥɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɮɚɥɚɧɝɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɚɥɶɰɚ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɚɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ Ɍɪɟɯ ɮɢɥɢɧɹɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɨɯɨɬɵɮɢɥɢɧɚ± ɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɥɹɨɤɚɡɚɥɹɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɲɟɱɟɦɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚ ɜɋɨɜɢɧɨɦɧɚɜɟɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɥɟɣɮɢɥɢɧɦɨɠɟɬɡɚɝɥɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦɧɟɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɹɹ>ɧɚɲɢɞɚɧɧɵɟ@Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɫɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦɠɟɪɬɜɵ>BocheĔski et al, 1999]. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɜ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɫɟ ɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɮɢɥɢɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶȼɅɚɪɨɥɚɧɞɢɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɜɲɚɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚ ɤɨɫɬɹɯ ɝɨɥɭɛɟɣ ɮɢɥɢɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɤɨɥɨɦ ± ɫɚɩɫɚɧɨɦ   Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ  - ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɜɤɭɯɨɧɧɵɯɨɬɛɪɨɫɚɯɫɚɩɫɚɧɚɚɨɛɳɢɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ  ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɯɨɞɟɧɫɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɭɛɟɪɤɭɬɚɢɨɪɥɚ-ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ>Laroulandie, 2002].

18

4. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɢ ɥɚɩɵ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɨɫɟɜɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɱɚɫɬɟɣɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɪɵɥɨ± ɥɚɩɚ ȼ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵ ɫ  ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɤɪɟɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜ >BocheĔski et al, 1993; 1998]. ȼ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɡɢɫ ɗɪɢɤɫɨɧɚ ± ɧɟɬ ɩɪɟɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɝɢɛɟɥɶɸɩɬɢɰ 4.2. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɫɪɟɞɢɤɨɫɬɧɵɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ ɢɥɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɥɢɫɶɤɪɚɜɧɨɦɭɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɜɨɜɫɟɯɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɩɟɳɟɪɚɯɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵɝɞɟɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢɮɚɥɚɧɝɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɩɚɥɶɰɚ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɢ ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɵ ɗɬɨɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ Ɇɨɪɟɪ-ɒɚɜɢɪɟɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɦɢɯɢɳɧɢɤɚɦɢɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ 4.3. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɨɫɟɜɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ  ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɨɫɟɜɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɞɢɧɚ ɬɚɡ ɥɨɩɚɬɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞ  ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɹ ɨɫɟɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɧɢɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɨɝɥɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯɞɧɟɜɧɵɯɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜɱɬɨɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɫɟɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɩɬɢɰ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ >ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɚ ɛ@

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ɉɅȿɃɋɌɈɐȿɇ. ɅȿȼɕɃ ȻȿɊȿȽ ȿɇɂɋȿəɍɄɊȺɋɇɈəɊɋɄȺ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɭ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɋɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɫ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɨɣȺɮɨɧɬɨɜɚȽɨɪɚ>Ƚɪɨɦɨɜ]. Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɨɤɨɥɨ ± 22 -  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ Ⱥə Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ  ɝɭɦɟɧɧɢɤ (Anser fabalis) ɤɪɟɱɟɬ (Falco rusticollis) ɛɟɥɚɹ (Lagopus lagopus) ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɚɹ (Lagopus mutus) ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɝɚɥɤɚ (Corvus monedula) ɢ ɜɨɪɨɧ (Corvus corax). [Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ ]  ȼ  ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɜɢɡɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ  ɫɛɨɪɨɜ  ɝɨɞɚ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɮɨɧɬɨɜɚ Ƚɨɪɚ ±3 Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɚ   ɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɧɞɚɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɦɨɧɬɨɜ (Mammuthus primigenius)ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯɨɥɟɧɟɣ (Rangifer tarandus) ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟɛɟɥɚɹɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ± 128/9, ɜɨɪɨɧ ± ɢ&RUYLGDHLQGHW± 1. ɇɚɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɟɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɚȻɨɥɶɲɚɹɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɚɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ  ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɚɬɚɤɠɟɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɫɤɟɥɟɬɚɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɫɤɨɣɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ(Hirundo rustica) [ȼɞɨɜɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ ] Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɧɚɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɟ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜɤɦɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɸɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɦɭɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɹ [Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɚɢɞɪ]. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɚ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɵɣ Ȼɵɤ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɇɉɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɱɢɪɤɚ (Anas crecca-querquedula), ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚ ɥɟɛɟɞɹ-ɤɥɢɤɭɧɚ (Cygnus cygnus)ɢɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɜɪɚɧɨɜɨɣɩɬɢɰɵ (Corvidae gen indet) ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ  ɫɨɬɟɧ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɣɰɚ (Lepus tanaiticus) [ɆɚɤɚɪɨɜəɦɫɤɢɯɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɈɪɥɨɜɚ, 2003]. ɋɪɟɞɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɢɄɚɲɬɚɧɤɚ ɧɚɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɤɦɸɠɧɟɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ - ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɫɚɪɬɚɧ21800 “ ɂȽȺɇ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Anas penelope, A. querquedula, L. lagopus, C. coturnix, Gallinago sp., Eremophila alpestris, Turus cf. ruficollis, Corvidae indet, Passeriformes indet. [Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ]. Ʉ ɷɬɨɦɭ 20

ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɬ  ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɭɬɨɤ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɥɹɯ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ Ɉɫɨɛɧɹɤɨɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɛɟɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɨɮɵ (Otis cf. tarda)ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹɧɟ ɜɢɧɫɢɬɧɨɦɡɚɥɟɝɚɧɢɢɚ ɧɚɩɥɹɠɟɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɫɨɪɨɝɨɜ ɛɢɡɨɧɨɜ ɥɨɲɚɞɟɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɦɚɦɨɧɬɨɜɯɨɡɚɪɫɤɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ) [ɏɪɨɧɨɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɹ«]. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ   ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ  - ɩɟɳɟɪɚ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ± ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɫɚɪɬɚɧ  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ  Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ  ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ  ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ  - ɩɨɱɬɢ  ɨɬ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ  ɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ  ɜɢɞɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɠɟɪɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ Ochotona pusilla, O. hyperborea, Citellus sp., Cricetullus sp.,) ɢɤɪɭɩɧɵɯOvis ammon, Capra sibirica, Alces alces) ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɧɞɪɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɨ-ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɸɝɚɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɨɣɷɩɨɯɢ [ɈɜɨɞɨɜɄɨɥɶɰɨɜɚ. 1986; Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ]. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɡɚɥɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ Ȼɢɪɸɫɵ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɢ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ [ɈɜɨɞɨɜɄɨɥɶɰɨɜɚ6]. Ⱥɜɢɮɚɭɧɚ ɢɡ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯɩɪɢɫɚɹɧɫɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨȿɧɢɫɟɹɜɮɢɧɚɥɟ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ Nucifraga cariocatactes, Loxia cf. curvirostra. ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɛɟɞɹ (Cygnus bewickii) ɛɚɥɨɛɚɧɚ (Falco cherrug) ɤɚɦɵɲɧɢɰɵ (Gallinula chloropus). ɉɟɳɟɪɚ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ Ȼɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ Ȼɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɣɨɧɭ (Ɋɢɫ4), ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɚɥɟɤɭ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɇɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɰ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɅȺɈɪɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜ 35080 “  ɥɟɬ ɋɈȺɇ-2487 ɥɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɫɬɹɦ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɡɟɪɨɝɚ Capra sibirica ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ -ɫɦ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ 21

>Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ @ Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ

Ɋɢɫ. 4 ȻɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɢɟɩɟɳɟɪɵɞɨɡɚɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣȽɗɋ Ɏɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɫɞɟɥɚɧɚɜɢɸɥɟ ɝɨɞɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɭɡɟɹɮɨɧɞɄɄɄɆ 

22

Ɍɚɛɥ 4. ɈɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɬɢɰɢɢɡɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɢɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹɢ ɇɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹȻɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɫɨɧɤɨɥ-ɜɨɨɫɨɛɟɣ

Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧ

Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ

ɇɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ (ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ

Podiceps griseigena

-

1

-

Cygnus bewickii

-

1

-

Anser sp.

-

1

-

Anas acuta

-

1

-

Anas cf. querquedula

-

3

1

Anas clypeata

-

1

1

Melanitta sp.

-

2

-

Mergus albellus

-

1

-

Mergus sp.

1

-

-

Anatidae gen. indet

2

5

1

Falco tinnunculus

2

12

3

Falco cherrug

-

2

-

Circus cyaneus

-

2

-

Coturnix coturnix

1

1

-

Bonasa bonasia

1

1

-

Tetrao urogallus

1

2

-

T. tetrix

2

5

5

Lagopus lagopus

-

1175

3

L.mutus

-

94

-

Scolopax rusticola

-

2

1

Gallinago sp.

-

2

2

Philomachus pugnax

-

1

7

Tringa nebularia

-

-

1

Charadriidae gen. indet

2

3

1

Streptopelia sp.

-

1

1

Columba sp.

-

1

1

Gallinula chloropus

-

1

-

Crex crex

2

1

-

Cuculus canorus

-

1

-

Nyctea scandiaca

-

1

-

Asio flammeus

-

3

-

Bubo bubo

-

1

-

Aegolius funereus

-

-

2

Apus pacificus

9

2

-

23

Picoides trydactylus

-

1

1

Picus canus

-

-

8

Dendrocopos major

4

-

-

Perisoreus infaustus

-

1

1?

P. pyrrhocorax

-

+

+

Pica sp.

-

+

+

Pica pica

-

-

+

Nucifraga caryocatactes

+

-

+

Corvidae gen indet

-

+

+

Delichon sp.

+

-

-

+

+

Turdus sp. ɋcoccothraustes

-

+

-

Acanthis sp.

-

+

-

Loxia curvirostra

-

+

-

Passeriformes indet

+

+

+

24

ȽɈɅɈɐȿɇ ɅȿȼɕɃ ȻȿɊȿȽ ȿɇɂɋȿəɈɄɊȿɋɌɇɈɋɌɂɄɊȺɋɇɈəɊɋɄȺ. ȻɂɊɘɋɂɇɋɄɂɃɂɄȺɊȺɍɅȿɇɋɄɂɃɄȺɊɋɌɈȼɕɃɊȺɃɈɇ. ȼȻɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɨɦɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɦɪɚɣɨɧɟɩɨɦɢɦɨɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɇɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣɩɟɳɟɪ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɚɥ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ ɗɬɨ  ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ʉɚɡɵɪɟɟɜɫɤɚɹ  ɢ Ʉɚɡɵɪɟɟɜɫɤɚɹ  Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɥɭɧɶ (Circus cyaneus), ɪɹɛɱɢɤ ɝɥɭɯɚɪɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɪɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɬɢɰɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɪɨɡɞɨɜTurdus sp.). Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɣ ɫ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɥɟɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɹɜ ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ  ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɣ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɣɝɨɣ ɫ ɪɟɥɢɤɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɣ ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɨɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XVIII ɜɟɤɚ. ȼ 1735 ɝ. ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɠɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɭɤ ɂ.Ƚ. Ƚɦɟɥɢɧ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤ, ɛɭɞɭɳɢɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ, ɋ.ɉ. Ʉɪɚɲɟɧɢɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɭ ɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ Ɉɜɫɹɧɤɚ. ɗɬɚ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɭɬɟɪɹɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɬɤɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ ± Ⱦɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɫɤ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɋɉɄɪɚɲɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɲɚɹ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹɩɟɳɟɪɚȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ>ɆɢɯɟɟɜȽɨɧɱɚɪɭɤȾɟɪɛɚɧ@ ȼ  ɝɨɞɭ ɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜ  ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɬɭɱɢɯ ɦɵɲɟɣ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɢɥ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɲɭɪɮ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɝɨȻɵɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɦɟɬɪɨɜɜɵɲɟɩɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ȿɧɢɫɟɹɨɬɭɫɬɶɹɪɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣɉɨɡɞɧɟɟɢɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɚɩɟɳɟɪɚɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ  ɉɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɲɭɪɮ -ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɟɡɨɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧ ɞɨ  ɤɜ ɦ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɜɂɂɎɎɋɈȺɇɩɨ ɭɝɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɟɨɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɂȽȽ ɋɈ ɊȺɇ ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɢɡ  ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɨɩɵɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ɉɛɢɥɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɛɵɬɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɭɫɢɥɢɣɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ 25

ɦɭɡɟɹɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚɇɉɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɝɨɞɚɪɚɛɨɬɭ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɪɹɞɚɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɟɝɨɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢɩɟɳɟɪɵɜɝɨɞɭ

Ɋɢɫ   Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ  ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢɩɬɢɰɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ

Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ  ɢɡ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ  ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ -1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɨɜɭɲɤɭ ɉɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ, Ⱦɚɱɧɵɣ ɧɚɜɟɫ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ- ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɭɛɟɠɢɳɚɦɢɞɥɹɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɝɨɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɨɛɵɬɧɵɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦɆɚɥɨɝɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɜɢɧɵɣ ɧɚɜɟɫ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ  ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɫɧɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯɫɤɚɥɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɮɢɥɢɧɚɦɢɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɞɥɹ ɞɧɟɜɨɤ. ɉɟɳɟɪɚɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ-I ɇɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɨɤɨɥɨɦɟɬɪɨɜɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦȿɧɢɫɟɹȼɯɨɞɧɨɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɧɚɸɠɧɨɦɫɤɥɨɧɟɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦɦȾɧɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨɝɪɨɬɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɡɤɭɸ ɳɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɝɪɨɬ ɧɚ ɞɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ  ɩɨɞɜɟɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɩɟɳɟɪɵɪɚɜɧɚ  ɦ Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɝɪɨɬɟ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɝɪɨɬɟ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ 0 -  ɫɦ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɫɭɪɤɨɜɢɦɟɸɬɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ“ɥɟɬɋɈȺɇ-1084).

26

ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɨɜɭɲɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɯ ɇɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɧɨɝɢɯɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Anas formosa- 1, A. crecca-1, A. platyrhynchos- 1, A. penelope- 1, Anas indet.- 4, Falco tinnunuculus - 1, Accipiter gentilis -1, Lagopus sp. - 1, Tetrao tetrix - 4, Bonasia bonasia - 2, Tringa nebularia - 1, Scolopax rusticola - 1, Strix nebulosa - 1, Asio otus - 2, Asio sp. juv.- 1, Pica pica -1, Corvus corax -1. ɉɟɳɟɪɚɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ- II Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦɯɦɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨɧɚɸɝɢɜɨɡɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɞɭɪɨɜɧɟɦȿɧɢɫɟɹɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦ ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ  ɝɪɨɬɨɜ ɇɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɨɝɥɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɵ  ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɤɥɟɫɬɭ-ɟɥɨɜɢɤɭLoxia curvirostra). ȽɪɨɬȾɚɱɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɫ ɊɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɦɟɠɞɭɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɢȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɢɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟ-ɦɨɬɭɪɟɡɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ  ɦ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɵ Ƚɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦɟɬɪɚ ɜ  ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɵ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɨɦ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɇɉɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɵɦ ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ  ɝɨɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ  ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɉȼɆɚɧɞɪɵɤɨɣ [Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤɚ]. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟɷɩɨɯɨɣɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨɢɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɝɨɜɟɤɨɜ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Anas sp. - 1, Anatidae gen indet. - 2, Tetrao tetrix - 1, Strix uralensis 1, Aegolius funereus - 1, Otus scops - 1, Asio sp. - 1, Dendrocopus major - 1, Turdus sp. -1. ɉɟɳɟɪɚȼɨɪɨɬɚ Ɍɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɉɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Anas crecca-querquedula - 1, Falco tinnunculus - 1, Perdix dauurica 15, C.coturnix - 7, Lagopus sp.- 2, Tetrao tetrix - 6, Bonasa bonasia - 2, C.crex - 2, Surnia ulula - 1, Aegolius funereus - 1, Apus pacificus - 1, Dendrocopos major -8, 27

Bombycilla garrulus - 1, ɌXUGXV UXILFROOLV - 1, Sturnus vulgaris - 1, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax- 1, Pica pica - 1, Corvus monedula - 1 >ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@ ɉɟɳɟɪɚɄɚɪɦɚɧ-I ɉɟɳɟɪɵ Ʉɚɪɦɚɧ  ɢ ȼɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɜɝɨɞɭɗɊɊɵɝɞɵɥɨɧɨɦ. ɉɨɜɧɟɲɧɟɦɭɜɢɞɭɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɧɧɢɣɝɨɥɨɰɟɧ - ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Anas sp. - 1, Anas crecca-querquedula - 1, Bucephala clangula- 1, Falco tinnunculus - 1, Falco cherrug -1, Perdix dauurica - 5, C.coturnix - 6, Lagopus lagopus- 67, L. mutus - 10, Tetrao urogallus- 1, T. tetrix - 3, Bonasa bonasia - 1, C.crex - 1, Bubo bubo -1, Asio flammeus - 1, Dryocopus martius - 1, P. pyrrhocorax1, Passeriformes JHQ LQGHW ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɟ - 3/? >Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ 2000]. ɉɟɳɟɪɚɁɚɩɚɞɧɚɹɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ©ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɚ ɧɢɲɚª ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɟɟ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ  ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɨɥɨɦȼɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɜɫɤɪɵɬɵɪɵɯɥɵɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɞɨɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ  ɫɦ Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɟɪɯɚɦɢ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɤɨɩɵɬɧɵɣ ɥɟɦɦɢɧɝDicrostonix sp., ɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɤɨɫɬɢɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ (Lagopus sp. 5\2) ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@. ɉɟɳɟɪɚɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹɝɪɨɬȽɪɸɧɬɚɥɶ  ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɚɹɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɇɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɫ ɩɟɳɟɪɨɣ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɢɲɟɣ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ Ɂɚɞɟɪɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣɬɢɩɢɱɧɭɸ©ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɭɧɢɲɭªɞɨɫɬɭɩɜɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɛɵɥɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɫɩɨɥɡɚɸɳɢɦɞɟɪɧɨɦɢɬɟɧɟɥɸɛɢɜɨɣɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɬ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ  ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɧɚɯɨɞɤɨɣɤɨɫɬɟɣɛɚɤɥɚɧɚɢɤɚɦɵɲɧɢɰɵ Ɍɚɛɥ. 5).

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Ƚɪɨɬɋɨɜɢɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɫ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɉȼɆɚɧɞɪɵɤɨɣ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ  ɝɨɞɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɵɯɨɞɨɜɧɚɥɟɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɊɚɫɤɨɩɚɧɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɵɦɢ ɇȼɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɟɦɜ991. ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɨɬɤɪɵɬɭɸɧɚɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞ ɤɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɧɢɲɭɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸɨɤɨɥɨɦ2ɇɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɨɧɚɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɦɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɪɟɤɢɜɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɨɦɨɫɬɚɧɰɟȾɨɧɚɱɚɥɚɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɡɞɟɫɶɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɠɢɥɨɟ ɝɧɟɡɞɨ ɮɢɥɢɧɚ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɫɨɜ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɇɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɜɚɥɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɦɢɩɨ-ɫɦȼɫɤɪɵɬɵɟɪɵɯɥɵɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ  ɫɦ ȼɟɫɶ ɝɪɭɧɬ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɦɵɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɥɤɨɹɱɟɢɫɬɨɟɫɢɬɨɩɪɨɫɭɲɟɧ ɢɩɟɪɟɛɪɚɧɫɰɟɥɶɸɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧ ± ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ©Ɏɢɥɢɧɨɜɚ ɧɢɲɚª ɩɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɸɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬɝɪɵɡɭɧɚɦɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ  ɯɨɦɹɤɭ ɛɟɥɤɟ ɡɚɣɰɭ-ɛɟɥɹɤɭ ± ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɜɩɢɬɚɧɢɢɮɢɥɢɧɚ Ɍɚɛɥ. 5 ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɫɬɧɵɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɬɢɰ ɢɡɫɥɨɟɜ©I ɢIIªɝɪɨɬɚɋɨɜɢɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɫɢɝɪɨɬɚȽɪɸɧɬɚɥɶ(0-ɫɦ ȼɂȾɕ Phalacrocorax carbo Podiceps auritus Anser fabalis Anas platyrhynchos Anas querquedula-crecca A. crecca A.penelope A.clypeata Anas sp. Aythya fuligula Melanitta sp. Bucephala clangula Mergus albellus Mergus cf. merganser Mergus sp. Anatidae gen indet Falco tinnunculus F. peregrinus

ɫɥɨɣ 0-ɫɦ 27 56 1 6 16 44 1 2 3 44 6 29

ɫɥɨɣI

ɫɥɨɣII

1 50 65 15 46 2 5 17 19 1

1 22 7 9 1 39 1

Ƚɪɸɧɬɚɥɶ 0-ɫɦ 1 8\2 11\2 2\1 7\? 23\5 -

ȼɂȾɕ Acipiter gentilis Buteo buteo Circus cyaneus C. coturnix Perdix dauurica Tetrao urogallus T. tetrix Bonasa bonasia Gallinula chloropus Crex crex Fulica atra Porzana porzana Gallinago sp. Scolopax rusticola Tringa ochropus-glareola Actitis hypoleucos Xenus cinerea Calidris sp. Phylomachus pugnax Charadriidae indet. Larus canus L. ridibundus Sterna hirundo Streptopelia orientalis Columba livia Otus scops Strix uralensis Strix cf. nebulosa Asio flammeus Asio cf.otus Asio flammeus/otus Aegolius funereus Surnia ulula Bubo bubo Cuculus canorus Apus pacificus Hirundapus caudacutus Dendrocopos major

ɫɥɨɣ 0-ɫɦ 1 5 1 17 11 440 103

ɫɥɨɣI

ɫɥɨɣII

1 2 11 948 55

2 16 -

179 1 2 8 10 1 6 2 9 14 2 2 2 8 10 29 5 12 1 52 1 7

282 13 16 2 11 1 4 5 9 2 1 14 35 3 41 2 11 1 23 3 30

87 31 1 39 2 5 2 1 2 2 2 8 8 1 17 4

Ƚɪɸɧɬɚɥɶ 0-ɫɦ 4\2 1 2\1 45\3 5\2 1 9\2 6\1 9\? 2\1 4\1 10\3 1 4\2 1 juv 7\2 -

ȼɂȾɕ Dryocopos martius Delichon urbica Hirundinidae gen. indet Turdus pilaris Turdus sp. Sylvia sp. C. coccothraustes Emberiza sp. Nucifraga caryocatactes Garrulus glandaris Corvus ɫRURQH C. monedula C. corax Corvidae indet Passeriformes indet Aves indet

ɫɥɨɣ 0-ɫɦ 2 2 1 13 1 40 60 41 29

ɫɥɨɣI

ɫɥɨɣII

1 -

12 -

8 1 3 11 17 13 3 81 24

Ƚɪɸɧɬɚɥɶ 0-ɫɦ

2\? 5\?

3 8 23 13 41

1 7\1 1 2\1 9\2 2\1 1 23

ɂɡɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢɜɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɛɨɪɢɡɥɟɫɧɵɯɢɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ  ɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢɤɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɪɹɛɱɢɤɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɚɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɨɝɚ [Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ ] ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɸ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɧɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɢɥɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚ ɉȼɆɚɧɞɪɵɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ 1991-   ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɜɚɯ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɚɡɚɬɟɦɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ[Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤɚɢɞɪ 1996]ɉɟɳɟɪɚɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɢɦɹɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɜɱɟɫɬɶɟɟɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɝɪɨɬ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɚ ɦɟɬɪɚɯɨɬȿɧɢɫɟɹɜɛɨɤɨɜɨɦɫɥɚɛɨɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɦɥɨɝɭɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɦɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣɪɟɤɢɢɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚɫɨɛɨɣɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɟɞɥɹ ɭɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɛɟɠɢɳɟ ȼɯɨɞ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ  ɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞ ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ  ɦɟɬɪɚ ɉɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭ ɞɧɭ  ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, Ⱥə Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ ɡɚɥɨɠɢɥ ɪɚɫɤɨɩ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɩɟɳɟɪɵɢɲɭɪɮɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɟɟɱɚɫɬɢɉɟɪɜɵɣɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹɜ-ɯ 31

ɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɲɟɸ  ɲɢɪɢɧɨɸ ɞɨ  ɫɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɪ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɲɭɪɮ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟɩɟɳɟɪɵɢɟɝɨɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɧɟɛɨɥɟɟɤɜɦ Ɋɚɫɤɨɩɤɚɦɢ - ɝɝ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɹɬɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɵ [Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤɚɢɞɪ]. Ɋɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɞɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. ɇɢɠɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɩɨɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɨɦɚɩɨɮɚɭɧɟɦɢɤɬɪɨɬɢɧ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɢɨɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɦɦɟɬɨɞɨɦɮɚɭɧɨɣXIII-XVI ɫɥɨɟɜɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ- ɤɪɚɧɧɟɦɭ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɭ  ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɬɢɰɚɯ ©Ʉ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɪɧɢɬɨɮɚɭɧɵ ɋɢɛɢɪɢª, ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɝɨɞɭ ȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɥɜɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɟɝɨɞɚɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢɜɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɉɟɳɟɪɧɨɝɨɅɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɫɵɥɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɨɤ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨ  ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯ   ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɱɟɬɤɭɸ ɢ ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɬɚɣɝɢ Nyroca fuligula (3), ?Mareca penelope (1), Nettion crecca (9), Lyrurus tetrix (22), Tetrastes bonasia (5), Lagopus lagopus (5), Surnia ulula (1), Asio flammeus (5), Picus martius (4), Corvus corax (2), Corvus [? corone] (1), Coleus? monedula (2), Nucifraga caryocatactes (2). Ɍɚɟɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟɦ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɑɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɭ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ Ɂɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɹ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɨɧ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣɫɩɢɫɨɤɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦɩɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɫɹ>Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ]. ɈɫɨɛɨɟɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɛɟɥɨɣɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɷɬɨɣɧɚɯɨɞɤɢɛɵɥɫɞɟɥɚɧɜɵɜɨɞɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢɛɟɥɨɣɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɞɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɢɜɵɬɟɫɧɢɥɢɟɟɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ  ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɢɡ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ - ɝɝ ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ   ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɜ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɣ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ  ɮɚɭɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤɂɡɩɬɢɰɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɯȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦɧɟɧɚɣɞɟɧɚɠɟɥɧɚ 32

ɉɟɳɟɪɚ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ± ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɜɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɛɚɤɥɚɧ>Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɥɟɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɹ - ɝɪɨɬɋɨɜɢɧɵɣɇɚɜɟɫ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɵɟɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɚɛɥ. 6 ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɣɩɬɢɰɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɵɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢ-1994) ȼɢɞɵɫɥɨɢ

I

II

III

IV

V

I+II

I-V

Ph. phalacrocorax.

-

2/1

-

-

-

-

-

Cygnus cygnus Anas platyrhynchos A.crecca-querquedula

-

1 13/4

2/1

10/2 14/2

-

3/1 4/1

2/1 1/1

A.penelope A.acuta A.clypeata Aythya fuligula

-

4/2 2/2 -

3/2 -

-

-

-

4/1 2/1

Bucephala clangula Anatidae gen. indet.

-

1 1

2

10

2/1 -

-

1

Accipiter gentilis Buteo lagopus ? Falco tinnunculus

-

8/1 -

2/1

13/8

-

5/1 2/1

3/2 1/1 8/2

F. vespertinus F. subbuteo . F. cherrug Coturnix coturnix

1

2/1 5/1

1

2/1

-

1/1

1/1 8/2 1/1 2/1

Lagopus sp. Tetrao urogallus T. tetrix

-

22/3

2/1 11/3

5/2 1/1 28/3

2/1 -

3/1 43/4

7/1 5/1

Bonasa bonasia

-

5/1

4/2

2/1

-

6/2

6/1

Crex crex Gallinula chloropus Tringa ochropus ɌJODUHROD?

1 -

8/2 1 -

1/1 1/1 -

7/2 3/2 -

-

-

2/1 1 3/1

Actitis hypoleucos Scolopax rusticola Larus canus Columba livia

-

8/2 7/2 -

3/1 -

2/1 4/2 -

-

11/2 1

2/2 2/2 1 -

33

ȼɢɞɵɫɥɨɢ

I

II

III

IV

V

I+II

I-V

Otus scops

-

1

-

1

-

1

2/1

Surnia ulula Strix uralensis

-

2/1

1/1

-

-

2/1

1 -

Asio flammeus Aegolius funereus Apus pacificus Picus canus Dendrocopos major Alauda arvensis

-

19/3 6/1 10/2 6/2 -

12/2 6/1 14/2 2/2 -

2/1 2/1 11/2 4/1

-

5/1 3/1 5/2 3/1 -

3/1 9/2 24/3 6/2 1

Eremophila alpestris?

-

-

-

2/1

-

-

-

Hirundo rustica Delichon urbica

-

28/4

5/2 24/3

7/3 5/2

2/1 -

2/1 -

14/3

Hirundinidae sad indet. Bombycilla garrulus Phoenicurus sp. Turdus pilaris Ɍ.philomelos/ ruficollis

-

1 4/1

-

20 5/2

1 -

2/1

1 25/4 10/2

ɌYLVFLYRUXV Ɍiliacus Aegithalos caudatus Parus major Emberiza sp. Fringilla sp. Acanthis sp.

-

1 1 1 2/1 -

1 1 1 -

1 4/2

-

-

2/1 2/1 -

Pinicola enucleator Pyrrhula pyrrhula ɋFRFFRWKUDXVWHV Garrulus glandaris

-

1 2/1 8/3

1 1 10/2

5/1 1 -

-

1

6/2 18/3 7/2

Perisoreus infaustus

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

Pica pica Nucifraga caryocatactes

-

15/2

11/2

1/1

1 -

-

4/2 9/2

Corvus corone C. corax. C. monedula

1 -

4/1 1

-

-

-

4/1 1

3/1 14/3

34

Ƚɪɨɬɉɢɨɧɟɪɫɤɢɣ ȼ 1988-89 ɝɝ. ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɨɱɧɵɦ ɨɬɪɹɞɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɉ.ȼ. Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɨɬɟ ɉɢɨɧɟɪɫɤɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɤɥɭɛɚ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɨɪɬɭ ɪ. ɋɨɛɚɤɢɧɚ ɒɭɪɮɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɞɚɥɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥȼɢɞɨɜɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɚɭɧɵ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ©ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɢɲª ɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵFalco tinnunculus ± 2/1, Tetrao tetrix ± 8/2, Crex crex ± 1, Scolopax rusticola ± 1, Apus pacificus ± 1, Dryocopos martius ± 1, Corvus monedula - 2/1, Corvus corax ± 1, Corvus corone ± 1, Aves indet ± ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɩɬɢɰɩɨɡɜɨɧɤɢ

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ȽɈɅɈɐȿɇ. ɉɊȺȼɕɃȻȿɊȿȽȿɇɂɋȿə ɉɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɚ ɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚɦɪɟɤɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɚɆɚɧɚȻɚɡɚɢɯɚȿɫɚɭɥɨɜɤɚ Ɉɧɚɨɤɪɭɠɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤ ɋɬɨɥɛɵ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɤɚɪɫɬɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɢɟɦ ɩɟɳɟɪ >Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɭɤ Ⱦɟɪɛɚɧ @ ȼɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɝɞɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɋɬɨɥɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ (1)ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɅɟɞɨɩɚɞɧɚɹɒɚɥɭɧɢɧɫɤɢɟɢɊɨɟɜɫɤɚɹɋɤɜɨɡɧɚɹȾɚɱɧɚɹɋɟɧɨɜɚɥȼɨɥɱɶɢ ɝɪɨɬɵ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ  ɢ  ɇɢɠɧɟɫɥɢɡɧɟɜɫɤɚɹ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ (2): Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ȼɟɡɞɨɧɧɚɹ əɦɚ Ʌɨɜɭɲɤɚ Ʌɟɞɹɧɚɹ Ƚɧɢɥɚɹ əɦɚ Ɇɨɤɪɚɹ ɉɟɫɱɚɧɚɹ Ȼɚɪɫɭɱɶɹ Ʉɨɦɩɚɫ Ʌɢɫɶɹ  ȼɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɇɚɦɭɪɬ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɛɚɡɚɢɯɢɧɫɤɢɣ (3): ɉɚɪɬɢɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ȼɟɥɵɣ Ƚɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɞɪ Ʉɚɡɚɧɱɟɠɫɤɢɣ (4): ɆɚɹɱɧɚɹɄɭɛɟɢɧɫɤɚɹȻɚɞɠɟɣɫɤɢɣ(5): ȻɨɥɶɲɚɹɈɪɟɲɧɚɹȻɟɥɚɹɌɟɦɧɚɹ Ȼɚɞɠɟɣɫɤɚɹ Ɋɭɱɟɣɧɚɹ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ɉɪɟɲɧɚɹ  Ɋɚɡɥɨɦ Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ Ɇɟɞɜɟɠɶɹ Ȼɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜ Ƚɚɪɚɠ Ʉɨɥɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ (6): ȼɟɪɬɨɥɟɬɧɚɹ Ⱦɟɜɹɬɤɚ ɑɟɪɟɦɲɚɧɫɤɚɹȼɨɥɱɶɹəɦɚɍɧɝɭɬɫɤɢɣ(7)ɍɧɝɭɬɫɤɚɹ Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹɜɫɟɷɬɢɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɵɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɟɳɟ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɇɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɟɳɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɫɹɬɨɤ ɤɨɫɬɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɯ ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɢɲ ɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɝɪɨɬɨɜ ɉɨɢɫɤɢ ɢɯ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ  - ɞɟɥɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ Ɂɚɛɟɝɚɹ ɜɩɟɪɟɞɫɤɚɠɟɦɱɬɨɧɚɲɢɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɫɥɢɯɜɨɣɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɥɢɫɶɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɦɢɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɜ ȼɟɪɯɧɟɛɚɡɚɢɯɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɤɚɪɬɨɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɉɪɢɜɚɥɢɯɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ 2013) ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɠɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɬɨɟɫɬɶɧɟɞɪɟɜɧɟɟ-ɬɵɫɥɟɬ Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɋɬɨɥɛɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ʉɚɡɚɧɱɟɠɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɋɤɨɪɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɬɚɤɚɹɧɟɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɤɨɫɬɹɦɩɬɢɰ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ-ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ  ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɢɯ©ɜɵɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶªɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ.

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Ɋɢɫ 6. Ʉɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɬɢɰɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭȿɧɢɫɟɣɜɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ

ɒɚɥɭɧɢɧȻɵɤ Ʉɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɦɩɨɥɨɫɬɹɦɋɬɨɥɛɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɒɚɥɭɧɢɧ Ȼɵɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɜ  ɝ ɉȼɆɚɧɞɪɵɤɚ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɰɚɫɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɜȿɧɢɫɟɣɋɬɨɹɧɤɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚɫɶɜ ɝɝ. ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɹɦɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɱɜɭɢIV ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ, ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɩɨɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɭɜ“ɥɧ Ʌȿ   ɢ  “  ɥɧ Ʌȿ   Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɚ ɤ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɭ >Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ ]. Ⱦɥɹ IV ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹɮɚɭɧɚɩɬɢɰCɫygnus, Anas platyrhynchos, L. lagopus, L. mutus, Tetrao tetrix, Dryocopus martyus ȼ III ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ A.crecca/querquedula, Bucephala clangula, Falco tinnunculus, Passeriformes indet. ɉɟɳɟɪɚɅɟɞɨɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɭ-ɥɨɜɭɲɤɭ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ ɞɨɥɢɧɵȿɧɢɫɟɹɜɫɚɦɨɣɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣɨɤɪɚɢɧɟɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚɋɬɨɥɛɵɧɚɦɟɠɞɭɪɟɱɶɟ ɪȻɵɤɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɪȻɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɨɣ ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦ ɩɪɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ  ɦ ɢ  ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɜɚ ɨɬɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ 37

ɤɨɥɨɞɰɟɜ ɛɨɥɟ  ɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɨɬɚɦɢ ɉɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɢ Ɇɭɡɟɣ ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɭɫ ɜɵɧɨɫɚ"  ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɦɵɬɵɦɢ ɪɵɯɥɵɦɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɋ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɤɨɥɨɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Tetrao terix (18/3), Bonasa bonasia (3/2), Scolopax rusticola (20/6). ɉɟɳɟɪɚɊɨɟɜɫɤɚɹ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɪɊɨɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɹɉɨɥɨɫɬɶɢɦɟɟɬɞɥɢɧɭɦɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɫɤɚɥɵɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟɦɧɚɞɬɚɥɶɜɟɝɨɦɊɨɟɜɚɪɭɱɶɹɊɵɯɥɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɞɨ  ɫɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɇɂɂɫɬɨɦɢɧɵɦ ɢȼȿɆɢɯɟɟɜɵɦ ɇɚɛɨɪɦɟɥɤɢɯɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧɞɥɹ ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯɧɢɲȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦɝɞɟɛɵɥɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɜɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟɧɵɧɟɧɟɨɛɢɬɚɸɳɢɣɡɞɟɫɶɰɨɤɨɪ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ]. ȽɪɨɬȾɭɩɥɟɬ ɉɟɳɟɪɚɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɜ 2005 ɝ. ȼ.ȿ. Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɵɦ ɢɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɡɚ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ. ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɨɪɬɭ ɛɟɡɵɦɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɨɝɚ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɞɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɟ ɪ. ȿɧɢɫɟɣ. ɋɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɢɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɟɫɜɹɧɨ-ɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. [Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɭɤ Ⱦɟɪɛɚɧ]. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ Tetrao urogallus (3/1) ɢ T. tetrix (4/1) ɉɟɳɟɪɚȼɨɥɱɶɢȽɪɨɬɵ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɪ.Ȼɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɧɚ 19 ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɟ ɚɜɬɨɞɨɪɨɝɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ ± Ⱦɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɫɤ. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɢ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɚ ȼ.ȿ. Ɇɢɯɟɟɜɵɦ ɢ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɤɚɱɤɨɜɵɦ ɜ 1998 ɝ. ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɥɨɝɨɜɨ ɨɞɢɱɚɜɲɢɯ ɫɨɛɚɤ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ. ȼɩɟɳɟɪɟɧɚɣɞɟɧɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɢɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ± Aquila chrysaetos (1), Accipiter gentilis (1), Falco cf. tinnunculus (3/1), Tetrao urogallus (1), T. tetrix (1). ȼɨɥɱɶɢ ɝɪɨɬɵ ± ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ 38

ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɧɚɣɞɟɧɚɜɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɤɨɫɬɶɫɟɪɨɝɨ ɠɭɪɚɜɥɹ Grus grus). [Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɭɤ Ⱦɟɪɛɚɧ, 2012; Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ 2012]. Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɢɣɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɣɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɤ ȿɧɢɫɟɣ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ Ȼɚɡɚɢɯɢ  ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ   ɤɜ ɤɦ Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɘɠɧɵɟɫɤɥɨɧɵɛɨɥɟɟɤɪɭɬɵɟɱɟɦɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɟɫɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɵɜɨɜ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɧɰɨɜ ɚɪɨɤ ɝɪɨɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɷɤɡɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ Ʉɚɪɫɬɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɪɵɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚɦɢɫ ɥɢɧɡɚɦɢ ɢɩɥɚɫɬɚɦɢɞɨɥɨɦɢɬɨɜ ɬɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɢɬɵ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɤɟɦɛɪɢɹ Ɇɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɝɥɭɛɢɧɵɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɲɚɯɬɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɵ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɨɬ-ɯɞɨ-ɯɷɬɚɠɟɣɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɧɢɲɢ Ƚɪɨɬɇɚɦɭɪɬ Ƚɪɨɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɪȻɚɡɚɢɯɢ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɪɭɱɶɹ ɇɚɦɭɪɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɪɲɢɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ - ɦ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ȼɚɡɚɢɯɢ ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɝɪɨɬɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ -  ɦ Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɵɯɥɵɯ ɫɭɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ - ɫɦȼ ɝ ɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ Ɉɛɥɢɤ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɝɧɟɡɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯ ɫɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜ  ɋɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɚɦ ɝɪɨɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɥɫɹ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ƚɪɨɬ ± ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ©ɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɚ ɧɢɲɚª ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ >ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɆɢɯɟɟɜ@.

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Ɍɚɛɥ. 7ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɬɢɰɢɡɝɪɨɬɚɇɚɦɭɪɬ ɢɊɨɟɜɫɤɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȼɂȾɕ Anas crecca Anas platyrhynchos Anatidae gen. indet. juv. Accipiter nisus Falco tinnunculus Bonasa bonasia Tetrao urogallus Tetrao tetrix Crex crex Scolopax rusticola Gallinago cf. megala Actitis hypoleucos Tringa ochropus Columba livia Otus scops Asio sp. sad Strix uralensis Aegolius funereus Apus pacificus Dryocopos martius Dendrocopos major Picus canus Hirundinidae sad indet. Ɍurdus philomelos aut ruficollis Loxia curvirostra Garrulus glandaris Nucifraga caryocatactes Corvus corone C. corax C. monedula Pica pica Passeriformes indet. Aves juv. indet.

ɇɚɦɭɪɬ-ɫɦ 6/3 4/1 1 20/3 2/1 8/3 2/1 4/2 2/1 6/2 2/1 3/1 2/1 5/2 14/4 3/1 7/2 3/1 + + + 1 3/1 1 1 8/3 44 17

40

Ɋɨɟɜɫɤɚɹ, 0-ɫɦ 4/2 12/2 3/1 5/2 8/3 1 2/1 1 2/1 4/2 3/1 4/2 15/? 4

ɉɟɳɟɪɚɅɨɜɭɲɤɚ ɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹɯɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹȻɟɥɨɣ  ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ  ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ ȼɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ 1,5-ɦɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɨɬɜɟɫɧɵɣɫɩɭɫɤɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɧɚɝɥɭɛɢɧɟɨɤɨɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɝɪɨɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɯ ɦ ɞɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ  ɡɚɜɚɥɟɧɨ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɹ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ-ɥɨɜɭɲɤɢ ȼɞɨɥɶ ɫɬɟɧ ɝɪɨɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɥɵɛ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɡɚ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ  ɢ  ɝɝ ɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ  ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ  ɜɢɞɨɜɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Tetrao tetrix (5/2), Bonasa bonasia (1/1), Scolopax rusticola (4/2), Crex crex (1/1) [ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɆɢɯɟɟɜ].

ɉɟɳɟɪɚȻɟɡɞɨɧɧɚɹɹɦɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ  ɪȻɚɡɚɢɯɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɝɪɚɧɢɰɵɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ³ɋɬɨɥɛɵ´ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɟɜɧɢɡɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ Ȼɟɡɞɨɧɧɨɣ əɦɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ  ɯ ɦ >ɐɵɤɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ ] ɜɟɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɱɤɭɡɚɜɚɥɟɧɧɭɸɫɦɟɪɡɲɢɦɢɫɹɛɪɟɜɧɚɦɢɢɝɪɭɧɬɨɦɈɬɫɸɞɚɫɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ  ɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɡɤɭɸ ɳɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɩɭɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ ɝɪɨɬɚ ɀɭɬɤɢɣ Ɍɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɬɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨɨɬɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɡɟɦɥɢɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɦɇɚɤɥɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɵɩɶ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɨɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɵɯɥɵɦɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɂɡ ɀɭɬɤɨɝɨ Ɍɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɭɡɤɢɣ ɯɨɞɌɪɚɦɜɚɣ ɜɟɞɟɬɜɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɣɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯɩɭɫɬɨɬȼɫɟɝɨɜɷɬɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɟ-ɥɨɜɭɲɤɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯɢɜɢɞɚɩɬɢɰ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ: Aquila chrysaetos (5/1),Aquila sp. (2/1), Tetrao tetrix (1/1), Bonasa bonasia (1/1). [Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ, Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ, Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ, 2001]. ɇɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɨɪɥɨɜ Aquila  ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵ Ȼɟɪɤɭɬ Aquila chrysaetos  ɢɡ Ȼɟɡɞɨɧɧɨɣ əɦɵ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ  ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ  ɦɦ  ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɬɢɛɢɨɬɚɪɫɭɫɭ ɢ ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ   ɇɚ ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɩɢɮɢɡɟ ɬɢɛɢɨɬɚɪɫɭɫɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɩɨɝɪɵɡɨɜ ɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɤɭɧɶɢɦɢ   ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɜɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɥɭɱɲɟɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɧɢɠɧɟɱɟɥɸɫɬɧɚɹɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɥɢɧɚ ɢɥɨɩɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ 41

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ -   ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɸɪɨɞɚAquila. ɉɟɳɟɪɚɅɟɞɹɧɚɹ ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚɜɤɦ ɤɡɚɩɚɞɭɨɬȻɟɡɞɨɧɧɨɣəɦɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɝɨɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ  ɜɟɪɲɢɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ ȼɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɞɜɭɦɹɧɟɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦɢɤɨɥɨɞɰɚɦɢɜɵɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɜɩɪɨɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɡɢɦɨɣ ɝɪɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɢ  ɯ  ɦ Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɨ -ɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɭɬɨɣ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɧɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɜɟɪɢ ɫɤɚɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɷɬɚɠ ɞɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɥɨɦɤɚɦɢ ɝɥɵɛ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢȽɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯɩɨɩɚɜɲɢɯɜɷɬɭɩɟɳɟɪɭɥɨɜɭɲɤɭ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɶɹ ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜɝɥɭɛɶ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ  ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɬɟɧ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɬɢɰTetrao tetrix, Scolopax rusticola, Turdus sp.[ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ]. ȽɪɨɬɏɢɬɪɵɣɄɥɸɱ ɗɬɨɬɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɫɤɥɨɧɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɥɨɝɨɜ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɯɪɟɛɬɚɧɚɜɵɫɨɬɟ-ɦɜɤɦɨɬɝɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɭɢɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɏɢɬɪɵɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɜ ɪ Ȼɚɡɚɢɯɭ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɞɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚɆɪɚɦɨɪɧɵɣɄɚɪɶɟɪɅɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣɞɥɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɜɯɨɞ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɞɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɪɨɬɚ  ɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɪɵɯɥɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɞɨɦɇɚɜɫɟɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɝɪɨɬɚɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɦ2ɛɵɥɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɞɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣɫɥɨɣɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ-ɫɦȼɪɟɦɹɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 9,,, ɜ ɞɨ ɧɷ ɩɨ ;,9 ɜɧɷ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɦ. Ɉɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɤɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɉȼɆɚɧɞɪɵɤɨɣ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ Anas platyrhynchos (1), Accipiter nisus (1), A. gentilis (1), Falco tinnunculus juv. (3/2), Tetrao tetrix (2/1), Lagopus sp.? (1), Corvus monedula (1). ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɟ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ  ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɨɯɨɣɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

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ɉɟɳɟɪɚȽɧɢɥɚɹəɦɚ Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ-ɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɟ ɤ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ Ʌɨɜɭɲɤɢ ɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ Ɇɚɥɨɡɚɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɚɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɤɨɥɨɞɟɰɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣɨɤɨɥɨɦ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɬɢɰ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ± Lagopus lagopus  ɗɬɨɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ± ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ Ɉɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ  ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɟɳɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚɯ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɚ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɤɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɟɒɚɥɭɧɢɧȻɵɤɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɷɩɨɯɢɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ Ɇɚɹɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ  ɤɦ ɤ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɭ ɨɬ ɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ ɄɚɡɚɧɱɟɠɊɟɥɶɟɮ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɣɫ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɢɞɨɦɧɚɞɭɦȼɯɨɞɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɰɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦ ɧɚɞ ɬɚɥɶɜɟɝɨɦ ɢ  ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɟɡɨɦ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ Ʉɚɡɚɧɱɟɠ ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɸɠɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɤɦ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɬɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ  ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɯɝɪɨɬɨɜɜɵɫɨɬɨɣɞɨ-ɦɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɝɚɥɟɪɟɹɦɢ ɋ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ Ɇɚɹɱɧɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɥɨɜɭɲɤɚɦɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚɜɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɱɚɫɬɹɯɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɉɨ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ  ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɣ, ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣɢɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭɫɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢɪɵɫɟɣFelis lynx ɛɭɪɵɯɦɟɞɜɟɞɟɣUrsus arctos ɢɞɪɭɨɝɯɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɝɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɬɢɰɵ ± ɩɥɟɱɟɜɚɹ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɯɚɪɹ>ɆɢɯɟɟɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@ Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɭ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ  ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞ ɩɬɢɰ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ  Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ȼɨɥɱɶɢɯ ɝɪɨɬɨɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɚɹɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɫɬɶɫɟɪɨɝɨɠɭɪɚɜɥɹ ɉɟɳɟɪɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɋɬɨɥɛɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ  ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɢ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɇɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨ 43

ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢɛɵɞɚɬɶɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɣɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɞɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨɛɵɞɚɬɶɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸɤɚɪɬɢɧɭɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɮɚɭɧɵ ɬɚɤɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɤɚɤɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɋɬɨɥɛɵ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɧɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɟ  ɬɵɫɹɱ ɥɟɬ Ɋɟɞɤɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ɇɚɹɱɧɨɣ Ⱦɟɜɹɬɤɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ɉɪɟɲɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚ. ɇɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɋɬɨɥɛɵ ɫɭɪɨɤ ɰɨɤɨɪ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɭɡɤɨɱɟɪɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ   ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɪɟɱɶɟ Ȼɚɡɚɢɯɢ ɢ Ɇɚɧɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢ Ɇɚɥɨɣ ɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɣ [ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ; 2012].

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ɉɌɂɐɕɂɁɉȿɓȿɊɕȿɅȿɇȿȼɈɃ ɉɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ

Ɋɢɫ. 7. ɉɟɳɟɪɚȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɢɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɥɚɝɟɪɶɜɢɞɫȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɮɨɬɨ-ɯɝɝXX ɜɟɤɚ .

ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ ɪɢɫ. 7). ɇɚ ɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɵɜɚɥ ɟɳɟ ɋɉ Ʉɪɚɲɟɧɧɢɧɢɤɨɜ >Ɉɤɥɚɞɧɢɤɨɜ @ ȼ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɨɬ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɢ  ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ  ɦ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɭ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɨɬ ɬɵɫ ɞɨ  ɥɟɬ>Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɢɞɪ Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜɑɟɯɚɢɞɪ]. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ  ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɯɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚɯɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɩɟɳɟɪɵɬɚɛɥ  45

ȿɧɢɫɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɨɝɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɋɚɹɧɚ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɦ ɞɨ  ɦ  ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɢ ɸɠɧɨ-ɬɚɟɠɧɵɦɢ  ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚɦɢ Ⱦɥɹɧɢɠɧɟɝɨɹɪɭɫɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɤɪɭɬɵɟɫɤɥɨɧɵɚɧɚɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯɝɞɟɜ ɪɟɤɭɜɞɚɸɬɫɹɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ- ɨɛɪɵɜɵɛɵɤɢ  ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ  ɤɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɬ ɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɜɩɪɢɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɪɟɱɤɢɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɄɚɪɚɭɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ȼɵɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ Ɉɜɫɹɧɤɚ ɗɬɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɵɜɟ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɦ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ  -  ɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ - ɦ ɉɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɛɪɟɤɱɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɚɯ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ȼɯɨɞ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟɦɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹȿɧɢɫɟɹ ȼɝɨɞɭɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɡɚɥɨɠɢɥɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɪɚɫɤɨɩɜɭɫɬɶɟɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ȼɵɤɚ ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɫ  ɩɨ  ɝɝ ɷɬɚ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɤɚɩɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɹɞɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚ Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ ɇɉ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ - ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɜ ɱɟɫɬɶ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɚɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚȺɥɟɤɫɟɹɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɢɱɚȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɞ ɝ ɧ ȼɉɑɟɯɚ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɂɦ ɠɟ ɫ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹɩɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɫɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɚ ɫɚɪɬɚɧɚ ɞɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ >ɑɟɯɚ ɢ ɞɪ @ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɨɜ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɵɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɚɱɟɤɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɫɟɪɵɯ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɟɪɵɯ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ ɧɟɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ Ʉ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɗɬɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵ ɫ ɚɥɥɸɜɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɚɫɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ  ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɱɤɢ ɬɨɧɤɢɯɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯɫɟɪɵɯɫɭɩɟɫɟɣ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɟɳɟɪɵ

46

Ɍɚɛɥ.8Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɩɨɑɟɯɚɢɞɪ  ɋɥɨɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ

Ⱦɚɬɚɥɟɬɧɚɡɚɞ

Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬ

Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɨɬɪɟɩɟɪɚɜɫɦ

ɒɢɮɪɞɚɬɵ

XVIII

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2-ɜ

210-220

ɋɈȺɇ-3252

XIX

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-

ɋɈȺɇ-3253

XX

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3-4, 5

212-282

ɋɈȺɇ-3254

XXI

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292-312

ɋɈȺɇ-3255

“

3,4,5 - ɛɜɝ

460-470

ɋɈȺɇ-3256

-

-

ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ

“

ɧɢɠɧɹɹɱɚɫɬɶ

“

ɜ

520

ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ

12040160

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515-536

ɋɈȺɇ-3308

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3-ɜ

522-534

ɋɈȺɇ-3309

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530-540

ɋɈȺɇ-3310

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ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ

900

ɋɈȺɇ-3333

ɧɢɠɧɹɹɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ

ɋɈȺɇ ɋɈȺɇ-3307

ȼ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɫɭɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɬɨɜ ɦɵɲɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɪɨɟɤ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɢɧɫɢɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɝɚɞɨɤ >Ⱥɧɞɪɟɧɤɨ  ɧɚɲɢɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ@Ɋɢɫ 8). Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɤɨɫɬɟɧɨɫɧɨɦ ©ɝɧɟɡɞɟª ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɵ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɇɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹɤɨɫɬɟɣɢɡɩɨɝɚɞɨɤɫɨɜɫɥɟɞɵɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣɷɪɨɡɢɢ>%RFKHQVN\ 7RPHN@ ɉɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ  ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ± ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢ ɪɹɛɱɢɤɚ ± ɬɚɤɠɟ  ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɤɟɥɟɬɚɞɥɹɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚ± ɞɥɹɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɚ± 24,6%, ɩɪɢ  Q    ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɯɢɳɧɵɦɢɩɬɢɰɚɦɢ>0RUHU-&KDXYLUp@

47

Ɋɢɫ. 8. ɉɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɫ ɤɨɫɬɟɧɨɫɧɵɦɢ ©ɝɧɟɡɞɚɦɢª ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɦɢɩɨɝɚɞɤɚɦɢɮɨɬɨɇɉɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ 

ɇɟɩɟɪɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɷɬɢɯɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɨɜɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɧɨɫɧɵɯɤɚɪɦɚɧɚɯɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɯɤɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɩɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɦ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɗɬɨɬ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɩɟɪ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ  ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭɨɱɟɪɟɞɟɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɋɪɟɞɧɟɦȿɧɢɫɟɟɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@ ɉɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɱɤɢ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɫ  ɞɨ  ɦ ɨɬɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨɪɟɩɟɪɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɤɚɩɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧ ɉɨɞɨɲɜɚ

48

ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ  ɞɨ  ɫɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɨɣ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɉɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟɫɥɨɢɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɫɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦɜɝɥɭɛɶɩɟɳɟɪɵɢɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɜɵɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɷɬɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɢɩɟɪɜɵɯɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨɤɨɫɬɧɵɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɬɢɰ± ɞɨɜɢɞɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɢɞɨ ɪɨɞɚ  Asio, Apus, Alauda, Parus, Acanthis, Emberiza  Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ     ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɟɥɤɢɦ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɦ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɧɟɡɞɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɚɦ  ɫɬɪɢɠɚɦ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɢɧɵɦ ɢ ɭɬɢɧɵɦ Ɏɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ 1,63  ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ  ɢ  ȼ Ɍɚɛɥ  ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɬɢɰɫɦɧɢɠɟ  Ɍɚɛɥ 9. ɌɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɢɫɨɤɢɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɬɢɰNISP ɢɡɧɟɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ±  ɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ©ª- ɞɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ©ª- ɨɬɞɨɢ ©ª- ɫɜɵɲɟ ȼɂȾɕȻɢɨɬɨɩ Gavia arctica ȼ Podiceps auritus ȼ Cygnus cygnus (ȼ Anser cf. fabalis (ȼ Anas platyrhynchos ȼ Ⱥ. querquedula (ȼ A. crecca ȼ A. crecca-querquedula ȼ A. clypeata (ȼ A. acuta (ȼ A. penelope (ȼ A. formosa ȼ Anas sp. (ȼ) Aythya fuligula ȼ Bucephala clangula (ȼ) Mergus serrator ȼ M. merganser ȼ M. albellus (ȼ) Anatidae gen. indet (ȼ)

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Accipiter nisus (Ʌɋ) Aquila chrysaetos Ʌɋ-ɋɄ Falco tinnunculus ɋɄ F. subbuteo Ʌɋ Falco rusticollis ɌȾ Coturnix coturnix ɋɅ Lagopus sp. ɌȾ L. mutus ɌȾ L.lagopus ɌȾ Tetrao urogallus ɌȽ T. tetrix Ʌɋ Bonasa bonasia ɌȽ Crex crex Ʌɋ Porzana pusilla Ʉ P.porzana (Ʉ) Gallinula chloropus (Ʉ) Tringa glareola ɈɄ T. ochropus (ɈɄ) Tringa ochropus-glareola T. nebularia Actitis hypoleucos Scolopax rusticola (Ʌɋ) Gallinago cf. gallinago ɈɄ G. cf. megala Ʌɋ Gallinago sp. ɈɄ Numenius arquata ɋɅ Charadriidae gen. indet Larus canus (ȼ) L. rudubundus (ȼ) L. argentatus (ȼ) L. minutus(ȼ) Larus sp. (ȼ) Sterna hirundo (ȼ) Cuculus canorus Ʌɋ Caprimulgus europeus Ʌɋ Surnia ulula ɌȽ Glaucidium passerinum ɌȽ Strix uralensis ɌȽ Asio flammeus/otus Ʌɋ Nyctea scandiaca ɌȾ

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Aegolius funereus ɌȽ Bubo bubo ɋɄ Apus pacificus/apus ɋɄ Dryocopos martius ɌȽ Dendrocopos major Ʌɋ D. minor Ʌɋ Picoides trydactilus ɌȽ Alauda sp. Ʌɋ Hirundinidae gen. indet. ɋɄ Hirundo rustica ɋɄ Delichon urbica ɋɄ Bombycilla garrulus Ʌɋ Turdus sp. Ʌɋ T.philomelos/ruficollis Ʌɋ Parus sp. Ʌɋ Parus montanus ɌȽ) Emberiza sp. Ʌɋ Loxia curvirostra ɌȽ Pinicola enucleator ɌȽ Acanthis sp. Ʌɋ Pyrrhula pyrrhula Ʌɋ Fringillidae gen. indet. Ʌɋ Perisoreus infaustus ɌȽ Pica pica tugarinovi Ʌɋ Corvus corax ɋɄ P. pyrrhocorax ɋɄ Corvidae gen. indet Passeriformes fam. indet. Aves ordo indet.

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Ɍɚɛɥ. 10 ɌɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɢɫɨɤɢɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɬɢɰNISP ɢɡɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɫɥɨɟɜɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɩɨɪɚɫɤɨɩɚɧɧɵɦɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ȼɢɞɵ/ɫɥɨɢ/ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ

Podiceps auritus Anas platyrhynchos A. crecca A. querquedula A. creccaquerquedula A.clypeata A.acuta A.penelope A.formosa Anas sp. Bucephala clangula Mergus albellus M. serrator Anatidae gen. indet Accipiter gentilis A. nisus Falco tinnunculus F. naumanni F. subbuteo F. cherrug Perdix dauurica Coturnix coturnix Lagopus sp. L. mutus L. lagopus Tetrao urogallus

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Tetrao tetrix Bonasa bonasia Crex crex Fulica atra Porzana pusilla Gallinula chloropus Scolopax rusticola Gallinago cf. stenura Gallinago sp. Actitis hypoleucos Tringa sp. Tringa nebularia Limosa lapponica Numenius arquata Charadriidae gen. indet Larus argentatus Larus ridibundus Larus canus Larus sp. Cuculus canorus Surnia ulula Glaucidium passerinum Asio flammeus/otus Aegolius funereus Apus pacificus/apus Dryocopos martius

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Dendrocopos major D. minor Picoides trydactilus Alaudidae indet Hirundinidae indet Hirundo rustica Delichon urbica Bombycilla garrulus Lanius excubitor Turdus sp. T.philomelosruficollis T.pilaris Zoothera dauma Parus sp. Emberiza sp. Loxia curvirostra Spinus spinus Pinicola enucleator Fringillidae indet Sturnus vulgaris Perisoreus infaustus Pica pica tugarinovi Corvus corax C.monedula Corvidae indet Passeriformes indet

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54

Ƚɨɥɨɰɟɧ Ƚɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟɫɭɛɚɷɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɢɦɟɸɬɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɞɟɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ  ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɥɸɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɨ-ɚɥɟɜɪɢɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɇɨ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ  ɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɨɫɚ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɭ ɫɦɵɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɚɦ ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ - ɨɛɜɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɫɵɩɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɹɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɹɤɨɜ ȼɵɲɟ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɂɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɦɟɪɡɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ©ɢɡɜɟɫɬɤɨɜɢɫɬɨɫɬɶª ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ  ɜ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ©ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɣª ɮɚɤɬɨɪ Ⱦɥɹɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢȼɉɑɟɯɚ>ɑɟɯɚɢ ɞɪ, 2000] ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ  ɫɯɟɦɚ Ɉɤɨɥɨ  -  ɬɵɫɹɱ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɩɟɳɟɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɪɟɱɧɨɣɚɥɥɸɜɢɣɁɚɬɟɦ - ɬɵɫɹɱɥɟɬɧɚɡɚɞɷɬɢɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɛɵɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɵ ɜɵɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɜ ɟɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ȼɢɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɗɬɢɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚ Ʌɢɲɶ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ  - 10) ɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶɜɵɲɟɥɢɧɢɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɥɨɟɜɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚ Ʉɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɝ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɦɢ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Dicrostonix, Lagurus lagurus, Lagopus >Ⱥɧɞɪɟɧɤɨ@ Ⱦɥɹɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɵɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚɞɚɬɩɨɭɝɥɸ Ɍɚɛɥ .

55

Ɍɚɛɥ 11. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɑɟɯɚɢɞɪ  ɤɭɥɶɬ ɫɥɨɣ

ɞɚɬɚɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ

ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ

ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɪɨɛɵ ɫɦ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɥɹ 163 ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

I

“

ɝ

I

“

ɝ

II

“

9-ɝ

II

“

ɜ

?

“

1-ɝ

IV

“

ɝ

191

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

IV

“

9-ɝ

193

ɋɈȺɇ-3085

V

“

9-ɝ

198

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

V

“

9-ɝ

VI

“

ɛ-ɜ

126

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

VI

“

9-ɝ

205

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

170-175

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

188

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

VII

“

36, 46-ɜ

138-140

ɋɈȺɇ-ɤɨɫɬɪɢɳɟ

VIII

“

ɛ-ɜ

136-142

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

X

“

14-ɝ

223

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

X

“

ɜ-ɝ

249-251

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɥɢɫɬɵɣɫɥɨɣ

X

“

ɝ-ɞ

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

XI ɛ

“

8-9-11-ɝ-ɞ

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

XI ɜ

“

ɜ-ɝ

XI ɜ

“

9-ɝ-ɞ

XI ɝ

“

9-ɛ

XI ɝ

“

9,10-ɝɞɞ 12 1-ɝ

238

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

274-280

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

?

“

XI ɞ

“

ɝ-ɞ

XII

“

ɛ-ɜ

XII

“

ɝ

XII

“

ɝ-ɞ-ɟ

264-275

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

271-281

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ 279

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ ɋɈȺɇ-2922

56

ɤɭɥɶɬ ɫɥɨɣ

ɞɚɬɚɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ

ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ

ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɧɨɦɟɪɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɪɨɛɵ ɫɦ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɥɹ 311-321 ɋɈȺɇ-3300

XII ɚ

“

ɜ-ɝ

XII ɚ

“

ɝ-ɞ

282-292

Ʌȿ- ɨɱɚɝ

7-ɝɝ-ɞɝ-ɞ

276-295

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

306-289 324

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

XIII

“

XIV

“

ɝ-ɞɝ

XIV

“

8-19-ɝɞ

XIV ɚ

“

ɝ

XV

“

2-ɜ-ɝ

XV

“

ɜ-ɝ

341-351

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

XV ɚ

“

ɜ

346-351

ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

XVI

“

ɜ-ɝ

351-355

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

XVI-XVII

“

XVII

“

Ʌȿ-35ɭɝɨɥɶ 335

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ ɋɈȺɇ-ɭɝɨɥɶ

ɋɈȺɇ-2948 ɜ

382-406

ɋɈȺɇ-ɨɱɚɝ

Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɚɦɧɹ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɛɪɨɧɡɵ  ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɟɧɢɫɟɣɰɟɜ ɜ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɚ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ Ɍɚɛɥ  ɑɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɟɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɬɢɰ - ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɯɨɬɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɵɛ  ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɫɭɥɶ ɢ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɟɣ >Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ 1992].

57

Ɍɚɛɥ12. ȼɢɞɵɩɬɢɰɢɤɨɥ-ɜɨɤɨɫɬɟɣNISP ɢɡɫɥɨɟɜXI ɞ- XVIII ɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ

3

XVII

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XV

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XIV

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XII

ȼɂȾɕ ɋɅɈɂ Gavia arctica Gavia sp. Podiceps auritus Podiceps grisegena Ph. phalacrocorax Anser cf. fabalis Anas platyrhynchos A. querquedula A. crecca A. creccaquerquedula A. cf.formosa A. penelope A. acuta A. clypeata Anas sp. Aythya fuligula Bucephala clangula Mergus merganser M. serrator M. albellus Anatidae gen.indet Accipiter gentilis A. nisus Aquila chrysaetos Aquila sp. Buteo lagopus Falco tinnunculus F. naumanni F. subbuteo F. cf. vespertinus F. cf. columbarius F. cherrug F. peregrinus Perdix dauurica C. coturnix Lagopus sp.

;,ɞ

ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ

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ȼɂȾɕ ɋɅɈɂ L. mutus L.lagopus Tetrao urogallus T. tetrix Bonasa bonasia Crex crex Fulica atra Porzana pusilla P. porzana Porzana sp. Gallinula chloropus Calidris sp. Calidris minutus Philomachus pugnax Scolopax rusticola Gallinago megala Gallinago sp. Tringa ochropus T. cf. glareola T. totanus-erhytropus T. nebularia T. nebularia-totanus Actitis hypoleucos Numenius arquata N. phaeopus Charadriidae indet Larus sp. L. canus L. minutus L. argentatus L. ridibundus Cuculus canorus Caprimulgus europeus Otus scops Surnia ulula Glaucidium passerinum Strix uralensis S. nebulosa

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176 15 58 8 10 2

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327 24 67

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ȼɂȾɕ ɋɅɈɂ Asio flammeus-otus A. flammeus Aegolius funereus Bubo bubo Strigidae indet Hirundapus caudatus Apus pacificus Jynx torquilla Dryocopos martius Picus canus Dendrocopos major D. minor D. leucotos Picoides trydactilus Alauda sp. Alauda arvensis Hirundo rustica Delichon urbica Hirundinidae indet. Anthus trivialis Bombycilla garrulus Lanius collurio Turdus sp. T.philomelosruficollis Turdus iliacus Turdus viscivorus Phoenicurus sp. Phylloscopus sp. Locustella sp. Sylvia sp. Parus sp. Parus montanus Sitta europea Emberiza sp. Loxia curvirostra Loxia cf. leucoptera Spinus spinus Pinicola enucleator Acanthis sp.

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ȼɂȾɕ ɋɅɈɂ Carduelis carduelis Pyrrhula pyrrhula C.coccothraustes Fringilla sp. Fringillidae indet. Sturnus vulgaris Garrulus glandarius Perisoreus infaustus Pica pica P. p. tugarinovi Corvus corax C.corone C.monedula Nucifraga caryocatactes P. pyrrhocorax Corvidae indet Passeriformes indet Aves ordo indet

1

1 2

1 1 1 1 102 3 2 6 919 13

8 2

1

2 112

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1

1 253

56 311 39

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1 250 37 7 23

8 230 223

Ɍɚɛɥ 13. ȼɢɞɵɢɤɨɥ-ɜɨɤɨɫɬɟɣNISP ɢɡɧɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɢɯɫɥɨɟɜɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ±

XIg

XIɜ

1 4

XIb

XI

1

XIa

X

ȼɂȾɕ/ ɋɅɈɂ Gavia arctica Podiceps auritus Cygnus bewickii Anser cf. fabalis Anas platyrhynchos A. querquedula A. crecca A. crecca-querquedula A. penelope A. acuta A. clypeata Anas sp. Bucephala clangula Mergus merganser M. serrator M. albellus

IXab

IX ɚɛXɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ± XI ± XI ɛɢɪɚɧɧɢɣɧɟɨɥɢɬ- XI ɜɝ

2 4

1

8 10 3 11 1 1

12 1

2 4 1

1

2

1 6

1 1

1

2 1 2 61

1 1

IXab

X

XI

XIa

XIb

XIɜ

XIg

ȼɂȾɕ/ ɋɅɈɂ Anatidae gen. indet Accipiter gentilis A. nisus Haliaeetus albicilla Aquila chrysaetos Aquila sp. Falco tinnunculus F. naumanni F. subbuteo F. cf. vespertinus Falco sp. Perdix dauurica C. coturnix Lagopus l-mutus L.lagopus Tetrao urogallus T. tetrix Bonasa bonasia Crex crex Porzana pusilla Porzana sp. Philomachus pugnax Scolopax rusticola Gallinago megala Tringa nebularia Actitis hypoleucos Charadriidae indet Columba rupestris Caprimulgus europeus Otus scops Surnia ulula Strix uralensis Asio flammeus-otus Aegolius funereus Hirundapus caudatus Apus pacificus Jynx torquilla Dryocopos martius Picus canus Dendrocopos major D. minor D. leucotos Picoides trydactilus Hirundo rustica Delichon urbica Riparia riparia Hirundinidae indet. Anthus trivialis

9

10

5

3

3 1

11

20 5 1

2 57 5 2

2 1

3

1

4

4

1 6

1

3 1

1

19 27

36 83

4 8

7 25 1

13 85 1

113 17 49

48 1 12

2 20 9 6

1 65 7 3

4 118 22 14 2

1 6

1

2

1

9

17 23 4

3

8

2 1

1

18 12 2 3 137 185 3 1 11 555 24 32 3 2

2 1 6

3 4

3

4

1

1 1

1 5 1

1

69

29

1 2 1 66 1 3 1 44

1 2 1 8 4 20

2

2 2

36

23

1 7

1 26

3 40

2 29

1 5 1 2 11 9

84

63 7 7 202 5

1 1 2 24 1 180 2

1 21 1 236 62

5 8 80

7 40

145

41

ɟɫɬɶ 2 208 260 4

XIg

XIɜ

XIb

XIa

XI

X

IXab

ȼɂȾɕ/ ɋɅɈɂ Motacilla alba Bombycilla garrulus T.philomelos-ruficollis T.pilaris Turdus viscivorus Calliope calliope Turdus sp. Phylloscopus sp. Parus sp. Parus montanus Aegithalos caudatus Sitta europea Emberiza cf. calandra Emberiza sp. Loxia curvirostra Spinus spinus Pinicola enucleator Acanthis sp. Carduelis carduelis Pyrrhula pyrrhula C.coccothraustes Fringilla montifringila Fringillidae indet. Garrulus glandarius Pica pica P. pica tugarinovi Corvus corax C.corone C.monedula Nucifraga caryocatactes Corvidae indet Passeriformes indet Aves indet

1 6 2

17

1 10 3 1 1 3

2 1

7 1 2 2 1

5

1 1

1 1 1

2 1 1

2 ɟɫɬɶ

2

3 23 2 4 2

3

12

1 1

1

1

3

4

1 1

1 1 5

2

3 1 2

5

2

11 4 3 1

9 5 1

14 24 3 1

3 7 26 3 63

2 20 13 6 173 3

1 35 6 1 71 40

63

1 1

1 4 1

6 3

1

3 1 1 1 1

1 15 3 49

11 11 3 67

7 15 3 1

14 10 1

4 12 16 4 71

1 116 29 14 321 30

Ɍɚɛɥ14. ȼɢɞɵɢɤɨɥ-ɜɨɤɨɫɬɟɣNISP ɢɡI - VIII ɫɥɨɟɜɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɟ ɪɚɧɧɢɣɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɣɜɟɤɪɚɧɧɹɹɛɪɨɧɡɚ I

II

III

IV V ɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɣɜɟɤ

ȼɂȾɕɋɅɈɂ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɟ Gavia arctica Anas platyrhynchos ȺTXHUTXHGXOD A. crecca A. crecca-querquedula A. cf.formosa A. penelope A. clypeata Anas sp. Mergus albellus Anatidae gen. indet Accipiter gentilis A. nisus Falco tinnunculus F. subbuteo F. cf. vespertinus F. cherrug Perdix dauurica C. coturnix Tetrao urogallus T. tetrix Bonasa bonasia Crex crex Rallidae indet. Calidris sp. Calidris minutus Philomachus pugnax Scolopax rusticola Tringa nebularia T. nebularia-totanus Actitis hypoleucos Charadriidae indet. Larus sp. Larus ridibundus Cuculus canorus Caprimulgus europeus Otus scops Glaucidium passerinum Strix uralensis Asio flammeus-otus Aegolius funereus Hirundapus caudatus Apus pacificus Dryocopos martius

1 2

VI

VII

VIII

ɤɚɪɚɫɭɤɛɪɨɧɡɚ 6 7 5 5 3

2 2

7

1

2 4 1 31

8 1 1

1

1 1

12

9

3

6

2 6

15

8

5

11

4

14 19

7 11

41 4 5 2

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5 2 13 11

2 5 9 1 36 7 5

12

5 3 2 1

1 3 1

19 37 2 45 10 4

9 10 3 37 14 6

9 2 4

14 8 64 5 2

1 1 7

3 1

1

1 2

2 6

2

4 4

1 8 8 1 117 1

1 2 4 2 1 52 2

9 1

1

7

5

1

2

1 1 1

1 3

34

64 3 64

1

7 1 1 1 1

5 2

1

1 4 1

42

41

39

1 2 2 49 3

I

II

III

IV V ɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɣɜɟɤ

ȼɂȾɕɋɅɈɂ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɟ Picus canus Dendrocopos major D. minor Picoides trydactilus Alaudidae indet. Alauda arvensis Hirundo rustica Delichon urbica Riparia riparia Hirundinidae indet. Bombycilla garrulus Lanius collurio Turdus sp. T.philomelos-ruficollis T.pilaris Turdus iliacus Turdus viscivorus Parus sp. Parus montanus Sitta europea Muscicapa sp. Emberiza sp. Loxia curvirostra Spinus spinus Pinicola enucleator Pyrrhula pyrrhula C.coccothraustes Carpodacus erhytrinus Fringillidae indet. Garrulus glandarius Pica pica Corvus corax C.corone C.monedula Nucifraga caryocatactes &RUYLGDHɦɟɥɤɢɟ LQGHW Passeriformes fam. indet

1 17 1

3 2

1 1

6 1 1 2

16

5

10 1

VI

VII

VIII

ɤɚɪɚɫɭɤɛɪɨɧɡɚ 1 32 46 13

1 1

1

32

2 28

4 19

20

7

24

7 6 6 1

1 2

7 7 1 1

12 1 64

2 7

1 1

11 57 2 75 2

4 29 1 53 1

1 15 13

4 7

3

1 39

1

2 3

1 2

1

2 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 6 3 44 141

2 4

65

1 8 1

1 2 2 1

1

1 1

2 1 3

1 2 99

1

7 1

1

1 5 3 4 20

1 15 16 20

8 4 2 1 2 24 6 8 92

11 2

1

2 1 19 18 1 69

3 13 4 5 54

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɨɤ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ  ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ -1978 ɝɝɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɨɬɪɹɞɨɦɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢɋɈ ȺɇɋɋɋɊɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɇȾɈɜɨɞɨɜɚȼɯɨɞɟɷɬɢɯɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɩɪɟɞɜɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟɛɵɥɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɪɚɫɤɨɩɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸɤɜɦɟɬɪɨɜɢɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɞɨɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ  ɫɦ  ȼɫɹ ɩɚɱɤɚ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɶɫɥɨɟɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢɩɥɟɣɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟɫɭɩɟɫɢ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯɤɜɢɞɭɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɥɨɣ 1. Anser sp. (1), Falco tinnunculus (2), Perdix dauurica (5), Bonasa bonasia (1), Tetrao tetrix (3), Apus pacificus (6), Dendrocopos major (1), Picus canus (1), Corvus monedula (1), Corvus corax (1), Hirundinidae gen. indet (2), Fringillidae gen. indet (2), Passeriformes fam. indet (2). ɋɥɨɣ 2. A. crecca aut querquedula (1), A. clypeata (2), C. coturnix (5), Tetrao tetrix (4), Apus pacificus (6), Dendrocopos major (1), Corvus monedula (2), Corvidae gen. indet (1), Hirundinidae gen. indet (11), Turdus sp. (2), Passeriformes indet (4). ɋɥɨɣ 3. Anatidae gen. indet (1), C. coturnix (2), Tetrao tetrix (2), Strix uralensis (4), Dendrocopos major (1), Picoides trydactylus (1), Nucifraga caryocathactes (1), Corvus monedula (1), Hirundinidae gen. indet (5), Passeriformes fam. indet. (1). ɋɥɨɣ 4. Anas platyrhynchos (34), A. crecca aut querquedula (77), A. acuta (5), A.clypeata (2), A. formosa (2), A. penelope (2), Mergus albellus (2), M. merganser (2), Anatidae gen. indet (5), Falco tinnunculus (6), F. subbuteo (1), Accipiter gentilis (1), C.coturnix (13), Perdix dauurica (14), Tetrao tetrix (31), Tetrao urogallus (2), Scolopax rusticola (14), Tringa sp. (2), Philomachus pugnax (2), Charadriidae gen. indet. (22), Larus canus (1), Porzana pusilla (6), Crex crex (2), Hirundapus caudacutus (1), Apus pacificus (57), Surnia ulula (2), Asio sp. (6), Strigidae gen. indet. (7), Corvus monedula (13), Pica pica subsp. n. (1), Corvus corone aut cornix (1), Nucifraga caryocatactes (1), Hirundinidae gen. indet (9), Fringillidae gen. indet (2), Passeriformes fam. indet. (9). ɋɥɨɣ 5. Mergus merganser (1), Falco subbuteo (2), C. coturnix (2), Bonasa bonasia (13), Lagopus lagopus aut mutus (23), L. lagopus (5), L. mutus (2), Tetrao tetrix (4), Charadriidae gen. indet. (2), Dendrocopos major (2), Pica pica subsp. n. (2), Hirundinidae gen. indet. (18), Turdus sp. (9), Passeriformes fam. indet. (15).

66

ɂɬɨɝɨɡɚɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɯɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤɛɵɥɨɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɨɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵɤɜɢɞɚɦ Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɣɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɚɧɚɥɢɡɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸɤɚɪɬɢɧɭɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɚ ɫɥɨɹ - ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɋɥɨɣ  ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ  ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɬ-ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɦɇɉɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɚ  ɋɥɨɣɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɜɵɟɫɭɩɟɫɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɥɨɠɧɵɣɝɨɪɧɨɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨ±ɬɚɟɠɧɵɣɨɛɥɢɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɨɞɚ Lagopus ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢɥɟɫɧɵɦɢɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ

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ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɉɅȿɃɋɌɈɐȿɇ-ȽɈɅɈɐȿɇɈȼɈɃȺȼɂɎȺɍɇɕ ɘȽȺɉɊɂȿɇɂɋȿɃɋɄɈɃɋɂȻɂɊɂ ɇɚɧɢɠɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɯɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɚɹɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɪɭɩɩɩɬɢɰɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɟɢɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɊɚɫɱɟɬɵɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɥɢɫɶɧɚNISP ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɚ ɧɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ  Ɂɚ  ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɵɱɟɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯ ɄɤɚɠɞɨɦɭɝɪɚɮɢɤɭɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦɭɜɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟExcell, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɬɪɟɧɞɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ Podicepedidae, Gaviidae. Ɂɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɲɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɨɝɚɧɤɢ Podiceps auritus  ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜ  ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢɯɨɬɹɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ;;ɜɟɤɚɩɨɝɚɧɤɚɝɧɟɡɞɢɥɚɫɶɩɨɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɢɜɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ɇɢɧɭɫɢɧɫɤɚ ɢ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɇɢɧɭɫɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɵ >ɋɭɲɤɢɧ  Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ@ ȼɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣɧɚɣɞɟɧɚɫɟɪɨɳɟɤɚɹɩɨɝɚɧɤɚPodiceps griseigena). Phalacrocoraɯ carbo. ȼɫɟɧɚɯɨɞɤɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɛɚɤɥɚɧɚ - ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɛɟɞɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɜ XII ɫɥɨɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɤɚɪɛɨɧɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɨɬ “ ɞɨ “ Ɍɪɢ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɡɭɫɚ ± ɢɡ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɢɲɢ >Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ 2003]. ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɛɚɤɥɚɧɧɚȿɧɢɫɟɟɭɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɧɟɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɇɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ  ɨɧ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ >Ȼɭɬɭɪɥɢɧ  Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ ]. Ⱦɥɹ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣɋɢɛɢɪɢ± ɷɬɨɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣɡɚɥɟɬɧɵɣɜɢɞ>Ɋɨɝɚɱɟɜɚ@

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Ɋɢɫ 9. ɄɨɫɬɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɛɚɤɥɚɧɚɢɡɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɨɣɧɢɲɢ (1), ɩɟɳɟɪɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ(2, 3, 4) ɢȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ (5).

Anatidae. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɭɬɤɢɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɜ  ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɋɨɛɪɚɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣɱɬɨɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶɧɚɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɨɥɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɞɨ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɪɤɨɜ $QDV FUHFFɚ ɢ Anas querquedula  ɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɢɛɵ 0HUJLQL ɝɨɝɨɥɶɤɪɨɯɚɥɢ ɄɥɨɤɬɭɧɭAnas formosa ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɡ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ʉɥɨɤɬɭɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɟɳɟɪɵɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɚɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɢɤ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɬɢɧɵɯ ɫɜɡɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭɫɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣɜɰɟɥɨɦɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɧɢɟɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ - ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɫɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɬɢɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɪɟɡɤɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɱɢɫɥɨ ɤɨɫɬɟɣɪɵɛȼɰɟɥɨɦɞɥɹɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɛɨɥɟɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɪɟɧɵ± ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɢɫɪɩɞɧɟɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵɭɬɤɢɞɥɹɩɥɟɣɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ - ɱɢɪɤɢɱɬɨɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɦɟɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ.

69

Ɋɢɫ  Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɚɧɚɬɢɞ ɉɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɢ± ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɟɪɜɚɥɵɫɥɨɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ± ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɢɥɢɹɜ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣɜɵɛɨɪɤɟɞɥɹɫɥɨɹ

Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɩɢɤɚ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɭɬɢɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɥɨɰɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ XVII ɫɥɨɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ  ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɢɤ ɜ -ɨɦ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɡɚɫɱɟɬɦɟɥɤɢɯɭɬɨɤɱɢɪɤɚ-ɫɜɢɫɬɭɧɤɚɢɬɪɟɫɤɭɧɤɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɦɢ ± ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɭɬɨɤɤɪɹɤɜɵɫɜɢɹɡɢɲɢɥɨɯɜɨɫɬɢ). Cygnus. Ɇɟɥɤɢɣ ɬɭɧɞɹɪɧɨɣ ɥɟɛɟɞɶ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɤɭɧɚ ɨɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɵɣ Ȼɵɤ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ Ⱦɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɵɥɚ ɥɟɛɟɞɟɣ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢɝɪɚɥɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɉɪɢɜɚɥɢɯɢɧɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ 2011]. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ  ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɢɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚ ɥɟɛɟɞɹɤɥɢɤɭɧɚɊɢɫ. 11).

Ɋɢɫ. 11. ɈɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɥɟɛɟɞɹɢɡXI ɫɥɨɹȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣɆɚɫɲɬɚɛɦɦ 70

Falconidae. Falco. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɜɢɞɫɨɤɨɥɨɜɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɣɜȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɟɤɚɤɢ ɜɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɯɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚɯ ɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ - ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɚ (Falco tinnunculus  Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ Ɂɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɚ ɢ ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɟɣɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰ± ɤɪɟɱɟɬɚF. gyrfalco ɨɛɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɥɟɫɨɬɭɧɞɪɟ  Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɧɟɪɟɞɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɨ ɉɭɬɨɪɚɧɚ>Ⱦɨɪɨɝɨɜ@ ȾɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɨɛɵɱɧɵɣɜɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɫɚɩɫɚɧF. peregrinus) ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɜ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɟɫɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ - ɢɡ ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ȼɚɥɨɛɚɧɭ (F. cherrug) ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɡɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵȼɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɨɧ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ  ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɄɚɪɦɚɧI. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɢ F. naumanni   ɜ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɫɬɟɩɧɟɧɧɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɚ ɪɟɞɤɢɣ ɫɨɤɨɥ ɜ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɢɫ. 12. Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢɤɪɟɱɟɬɚ ɢɛɚɥɨɨɛɚɧɚ ɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ: ɦɦ

71

Accipitridae. ȼɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟɜɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵɹɫɬɪɟɛɩɟɪɟɩɟɥɹɬɧɢɤAccipiter nisus ɹɫɬɪɟɛ-ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɹɬɧɢɤAccipiter gentilis ɢɛɟɪɤɭɬ (Aquila chrysaetos  ɜ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɥɭɧɹ Circus cyaneus  Ɉɪɥɚɧ-ɛɟɥɨɯɜɨɫɬ Haliaeetus albicilla  ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ XI ɫɥɨɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɩɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɢɥɨɱɤɢ Ɇɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɨɪɥɚɧɵɛɟɥɨɯɜɨɫɬɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣɫɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚɛɟɪɤɭɬɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɨɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɋɬɨɥɛɵ  ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɯɢɳɧɵɦ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ ɁɢɦɧɹɤButeo lagopus ɧɚɣɞɟɧɜɩɟɳɟɪɟɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɢȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ Tetrao tetrix. ȼ ɩɥɟɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɛɟɥɵɟ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚɫɨɞɧɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɞɪɭɝɨɣ± ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɜ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ Ɉɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɜ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ȼ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ - ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣɜɢɞ. Bonasa bonasia. ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɞɨɥɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɪɹɛɱɢɤɚ ɜ ɬɚɟɠɧɨɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɯ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɞɨ ;9,,, ɫɥɨɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɜ 20, 3%. ȼ ;,, ;,,, ;,9 ;9 ;9, ;9,, ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɪɹɛɱɢɤɚɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɱɬɨɜɰɟɥɨɦɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬɫ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɦ ɨɛɥɢɤɨɦ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɦɢ Lagopus lagopus ɢ L. mutus. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɮɨɧɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɚɹ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦɧɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɨɛɚɜɢɞɚɨɛɢɬɚɸɬɜɝɨɪɚɯɘɠɧɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɝɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ >Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜ @ ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 15 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɨɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ± ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɥɟɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɢɤɯɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣLagopus.

72

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ  ɉɪɨɦɟɪɵ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɨɜ L.lagopus ɢ L.mutus ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɢ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɹ. 1 ± ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɞɥɢɧɚɤɨɫɬɢ± ɲɢɪɢɧɚɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɩɢɮɢɡɚ± ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɩɢɮɢɡɚ  ± ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɞɢɚɮɢɡɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ± ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɦ  ȼɢɞ

n

1

2

3

4

L.lagopus (ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ)

38

33,4-38,0-42,6

7,1-8,1-8,7

7,3 ± 8,2-9,0

2,9 ± 3,3 ± 3,6

L.lagopus Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ

104

32,9 ± 38,3-42,1

7,1±8,4±9,5

7,4-8,5-9,5

3,0-3,5-3,9

L.mutus

118

29,8±32,2±34,3

6,7-7,2-8,1

6,7-7,3-8,1

2,7-3,0-3,3

72

29,4-31,7-33,3

6,6-7,3-7,9

6,7-7,3-8,1

2,7-3,1-3,6

ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ L.mutus Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɪɵ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɫɭɫɨɜ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ. ɉɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ ɢɡ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɪɡɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɪɡɭɫɨɜ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ

ɊɢɫɈɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɢɥɢɟɤɨɫɬɟɣɬɟɬɪɚɨɧɢɞɜɩɟɳɟɪɟȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɫɥɢɧɢɹɦɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ.

ɇɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɬɪɚɨɧɢɞ ɜ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɈɬɦɟɬɢɦɜɵɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɤXVII 73

ɫɥɨɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨ  ɜ -ɦ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɪɹɛɱɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɦ Coturnix coturnix. ɉɟɪɟɩɟɥ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɞɨɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ Ɋɟɡɤɢɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ ɜɫɩɥɟɫɤ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɜ XII ɫɥɨɟ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɟɥɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨ 20%. Perdix dauurica. Ȼɨɪɨɞɚɬɚɹɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚɜɤɪɨɜɥɟɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ;9,,, ɫɥɨɟ ɂ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ  ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɹɪɭɫɟ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɗɬɚɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɢɡɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɝɪɨɬɚȾɜɭɝɥɚɡɤɚɜɏɚɤɚɫɢɢɡɞɟɫɶɷɬɨɬɜɢɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢɜɫɬɪɟɱɟɧɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫɛɟɥɵɦɢɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚɦɢɢɤɥɭɲɢɰɚɦɢ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ 2001]. ɍɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪ ȼɨɪɨɬɚ ɢ Ʉɚɪɦɚɧ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ  ɛɨɪɨɞɚɬɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫLagopus.

Ɋɢɫ14. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɢɥɢɟɮɚɡɢɚɧɢɞɜɩɟɳɟɪɟȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɫɥɢɧɢɹɦɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ.

Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɞɵ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɤɨɥ-ɜɚ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɟɥɚɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɝɪɚɮɢɤ, 1 ɢɛɨɪɨɞɚɬɨɣɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢɧɢɠɧɢɣ, 2) ɜɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ. Ȼɨɪɨɞɚɬɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ74

ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚ ɉɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɜɹɡɶɜɢɞɨɜɫɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦɢɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɦɢɛɢɨɬɨɩɚɦɢ Grus grus. ɋɟɪɵɣ ɠɭɪɚɜɥɶ ɜ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɫɛɨɪɨɜɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȼɨɥɱɶɢɝɪɨɬɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟȿɧɢɫɟɹȼɩɥɚɧɟ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɡɚɥɟɬ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɠɭɪɚɜɥɹ Grus japonensis  ɜ  ɝɨɞɭ [ȽɭɥɹɟɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɋɭɩɪɚɧɤɨɜɚ]. Rallidae Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɥɹ Crex crex ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨɬɜɢɞɧɟɢɝɪɚɟɬɜɩɟɳɟɪɧɵɯɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚɯɉɪɢɟɧɢɟɣɫɤɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɬɚɤɨɣɪɨɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ Ⱥɥɬɚɟ >Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇɚɞɚɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ @ Ȼɟɡ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɚɦɵɲɧɢɰɵ Gallinula chloropus) ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɟɫɚ ɢ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɋɚɣɨɧ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɚɥɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɫɬɭɲɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɳɟɣ ɤ ɸɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɹɦ ȼ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢɩɨɝɨɧɵɲ-ɤɪɨɲɤɚPorzana pusilla)ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɭȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɚɪɟɚɥɚ. Ɉɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɝɨɧɵɲ (Porzana porzana) ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɋɨɜɢɧɨɝɨɧɚɜɟɫɚ. Charadriidae. Ɏɚɭɧɚɤɭɥɢɤɨɜɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ, ɨɧɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɇɚɣɞɟɧɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɥɟɫɧɨɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ± ɜɚɥɶɞɲɧɟɩScolopax rusticola ɤɨɫɬɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶɛɨɥɶɲɟɱɟɦɜɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨɦɭɡɟɹɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɚɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɜ ;,; ɫɥɨɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɨɜ ɨɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɟɬɟɧɧɢɤɚ (Limosa lapponica) - ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯɢɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɯɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɯɬɭɧɞɪ. Laridae. Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɱɚɟɤ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɟɞɤɢ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɡɨɣ ɱɚɣɤɢ Larus canus), ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɟɳɟ ɬɪɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɪɨɞɚ Larus ɢ ɪɟɱɧɚɹɤɪɚɱɤɚ (Sternɚhirundo). ɆɚɥɚɹɱɚɣɤɚLarus minutus ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɞɜɭɦɹ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɜXI ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ 75

Strigidae. ȼ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɞɚɥɢ ɹɫɬɪɟɛɢɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɚ Surnia ulula  ɦɨɯɧɨɧɨɝɢɣ ɫɵɱ Aegolius funereus) ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɨɞɚ Asio ɛɨɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɭɲɚɫɬɚɹ ɫɨɜɚ  Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɣ ɫɵɱ Glaucidium passerinum  ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɫɨɜɵ Nyctea scandiaca  ɜ 5-ɦ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɢɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȼ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ, ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɨɞɚ Asio. Ȼɨɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɭɲɚɫɬɚɹ ɫɨɜɚ ± ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵɧɟ ɫɨɜɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɩɬɢɰ ȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. ɋɩɥɸɲɤɚ Otus scops) ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ, ɫɪɟɞɢɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɋɨɜɢɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɟɫɚȾɚɱɧɨɝɨɧɚɜɟɫɚɩɟɳɟɪɵɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚɚɬɚɤɠɟ± ɝɪɨɬɚɇɚɦɭɪɬɢɊɨɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɭ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɋɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɫɬɜɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɫɚɦɢ ɧɟɹɫɵɬɢ Strix uralensis ɢ S.nebulosa  ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ S. uralensis ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɥɟ ɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɩɥ Picidae Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɜɢɞɚ ɞɹɬɥɨɜ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɩɟɫɬɪɨɦɭ ɞɹɬɥɭ Dendrocopos major  Ⱦɨ ;9,,, ɫɥɨɹ  ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɩɚɥɨɝɨ ɞɹɬɥɚ Picoides trydactylus  ɤɚɤ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ©ɬɚɟɠɧɨɝɨª ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɹɬɥɨɜ ȼ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɹɬɥɚ ȼɟɪɬɢɲɟɣɤɚ (Jynx torquilla) ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ (XI, XII XVI). Apus apus/pacificus Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɟɥɨɩɨɹɫɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɢɠ Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɭ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɤ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɥɸɛɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɢɠɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɋɭɞɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɢɡ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɛɟɥɨɩɨɹɫɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɢɠ ɨɛɢɬɚɥ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɭɦɚ   ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ>ɈɜɨɞɨɜɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@ Hirundapus caudacutus. Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɢɝɥɨɯɜɨɫɬɵɣ ɫɬɪɢɠ ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɫɥɨɹɯɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚɢɋɨɜɢɧɨɦɧɚɜɟɫɟ 76

ɆɟɥɤɢɟɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɟPasseriformes Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɨ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ± ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢɢɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɣɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɯɨɪɨɲɢɯɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɦ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɚ ɜ Ɂɂɇ Ⱥȼɉɚɧɬɟɥɟɟɜɭ ɞɥɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɢɟɫɬɶɧɚɞɟɠɞɚɱɬɨɫɩɢɫɨɤɜɢɞɨɜɛɭɞɟɬɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧ Delichon urbica ɢ Hirundo rustica. Ⱦɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɬɢɰɜɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɨɬɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɟɳɟɧɟɥɟɬɚɸɳɢɯɩɬɢɰ

Ɋɢɫ  Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɫɬɪɢɠɟɣ ɢ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɹɦ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɫ ɥɢɧɹɦɢ ɬɪɟɧɞɨɜ

Ⱦɜɚɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɢɥɢɹɤɨɫɬɟɣɫɬɪɢɠɟɣ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ  ɢ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ɂɚɦɟɬɟɧ ɪɨɫɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɢɥɢɹɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɪɟɡɤɢɣɞɥɹɬɟɩɥɨɥɸɛɢɜɵɯɫɬɪɢɠɟɣ Alaudidae. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɦɭ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ Eremophila alpestris) ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɮɪɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɡ IV ɫɥɨɹ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ʉɚɲɬɚɧɤɚ. ȼ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣAlauda ɧɚɣɞɟɧ ɜɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯXVII, III ɢII ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ. ɇɟ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɜ (Melanocirhpha) ɫɪɟɞɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɧɟɞɚɜɧɨɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɋɟɪɟɛɪɹɤɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ  ɤɦ ɧɢɠɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ. ɇɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ 77

ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚ ȿȼȺɤɢɦɨɜɨɣ ɜ  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɨɤ Melanocorypha calandra  ɢ ɫ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ± ɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɨɤ Melanocorypha mohgolica  Ɉɛɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɚɪɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɢɞ  ɦɟɫɬɨɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɣ Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɣ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɏɨɬɹ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɥɟɱɟɜɵɯ  ɤɨɪɚɤɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɬɚɪɫɨɦɟɬɚɬɚɫɭɫɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɨɞ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɜ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɦɢɜɩɥɚɧɟɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢɦɟɥɤɢɯɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯɈɬɤɪɵɬɢɟɷɬɢɯ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɨɜ ɫɬɟɧɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɨɜ- ɩɟɫɬɪɭɲɟɤ ɬɭɲɤɚɧɱɢɤɨɜɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɟɫɛɨɪɵ ɢɡ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ  ɩɟɪɢɝɥɹɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ  ɬɭɧɞɪɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ [Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ]. Fringillidae. ȼ ɷɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɳɢɟ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦ ± ɱɢɠ Carduelis spinus  ɤɥɟɫɬ Loxia curvirostra  ɳɭɪ (Pinicola enucleator  ɫɧɟɝɢɪɶ P. pyrrhula  ɸɪɨɤ Fringilla montifringilla), ɱɟɱɟɬɤɚAcanthis flammea), ɳɟɝɨɥC. carduelis ȼɧɢɠɧɢɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɡɚɦɟɱɟɧ ɚɧɬɚɝɨɧɢɡɦ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɢ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɱɢɠɚ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ©ɟɥɨɜɵɯª ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɢɠɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦɪɟɞɨɤ Turdus. ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ T. ruficollis ɢ T. philomelos. ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɭ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢɜɶɸɪɤɨɜɵɯɬɟɦɧɨɡɨɛɵɣɞɪɨɡɞ - ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯɥɟɫɨɜɫɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɯɜɨɣɧɵɯɯɨɬɹɢɢɡɛɟɝɚɟɬɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣɬɚɣɝɢ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɹ ɤ ɨɩɭɲɤɚɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɫɚ ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɜ ɫɥɨɹɯ ;,; ± ;; ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ  ɢ  Ɉɛɳɚɹɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ± ɩɥɚɜɧɨɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɤɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɭɈɬɦɟɬɢɦɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɨɡɞɚ Zoothera dauma   ɜ ©ɟɥɨɜɵɯª ɫɥɨɹɯ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɶɸɪɤɨɜɵɦɢɤɭɤɲɟɣPerisoreus infaustus ɢɧɟɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɦɢ-ɬɚɟɠɧɢɤɚɦɢ

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Ɋɢɫ. 16. Ɍɪɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɵɯɩɬɢɰ± ɞɹɬɥɨɜɵɯ1 - Picidae), ɞɪɨɡɞɨɜ- ɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦphillomelos-ruficollis ɢɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɶɸɪɤɨɜɵɯ 3 - Fringillidae). Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ XV ± XVI ©ɥɭɝɨɜɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯª ɫɥɨɟɜ.

Corvus monedula ɇɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɚɥɤɢ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɩɟɳɟɪɵɈɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɢɥɢɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɚɪɬɚɧɟɜɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ >Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ@ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɝɚɥɤɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦɞɥɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɚ Ⱥɮɨɧɬɨɜɨɣ Ƚɨɪɵ >Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜ @ Ƚɚɥɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟɩɨɞɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ- ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹɜɢɞ Pica pica tugarinovi. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ  ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɪɨɤɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɞ ± ɫɨɪɨɤɚ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ± ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ ± ɪɚɧɧɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧ ɚɪɟɚɥ  - ɸɝ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ >Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ @ Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɜɢɞɚ ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ©ɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɢª ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɫɨɪɨɤɢ (Pica pica leucoptera) ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɟɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɞɚɧɧɵɟɦɨɪɮɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ

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Ɋɢɫ. 17. Pica pica tugarinovi ssp nov. (a ± ɥɟɜɨɟ ɩɥɟɱɨ ɩɚɪɚɬɢɩ ɛ ± ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɩɥɟɱɨ ɝɨɥɨɬɢɩ ɤɤɤɦɨɮPica pica ɜ ɝ ɞ ± ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣɢ± ɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɜɢɞ.

Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɤɥɭɲɢɰɵ - ɜ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɟ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɜɢɞɧɚɣɞɟɧɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɜɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɩɟɳɟɪɵȾɜɭɝɥɚɡɤɚɧɚɸɝɟɤɪɚɹɜ Ȼɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɛɟɥɵɦɢ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚɦɢ >Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ] ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɤɥɭɲɢɰɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɡɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯɩɟɳɟɪȼɨɪɨɬɚɢɄɚɪɦɚɧ Perisoreus infaustus ɢ Nucifraga caryocatactes. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɫɬɟɧɨɬɨɩ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɇɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ Ɉɫɨɛɧɹɤɨɦ ± ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɤɟɞɪɨɜɤɢɜɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ Ʉɭɤɲɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɞɥɹɮɢɧɚɥɚɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ(ɩɟɳɟɪɵɌɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ 

80

Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɮɚɭɧɭɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɦɨɠɧɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ Ⱦɨ ɫɥɨɹ XVII ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ȼɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɛɨɥɟɟɞɪɟɜɧɢɦɢɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ>ɑɟɯɚɢɞɪ@. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɟ  ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ XIX ± XX ɫɥɨɹɯ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ >ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ƚɪɨɦɨɜ@ɷɬɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɥɟɫɧɵɯɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɥɨɜɵɯ  ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɚ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ  - ɛɟɥɤɢ ɫɨɛɨɥɹ Ɍɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ  ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ XVI ɢ XV ɫɥɨɟɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɤɨɫɬɟɣɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯɢɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɫɬɭɲɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɦɵɲɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɨɫɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɦɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ-  ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɞɪɭɝɢɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜȼɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɷɬɢɯɫɥɨɟɜɜɟɥɢɤɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɨɫɬɟɣɪɵɛɱɬɨɧɚɪɹɞɭɫɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɦɢɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɯɪɵɛɨɥɨɜɧɵɯɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɟɧɢɫɟɣɰɟɜ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ  ɛɵɥɢ  ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɢ ɪɵɛɚ ɋ XVI ɫɥɨɟɦɬɚɤɠɟɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɧɚɯɨɞɤɢɱɟɪɧɨɣɜɨɪɨɧɵɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ  ɫɢɧɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɜ >Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ  ɛ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɁɚɢɤɚ@ ȼɫɥɨɟXV-XVI ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟɢɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟɩɬɢɰɵɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯɥɟɫɨɜ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɨɹ -XII ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɵ ɫ  ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɬɢɰɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯɞɥɹɫɜɟɬɥɵɯɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɯɥɟɫɨɜɢɪɚɡɪɟɠɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ɉɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɛɵɥɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ 81

ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɛɨɝɚɬɨɦɭ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɢɫɤɭ ɢɡ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɫɢɡɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɭɛɹ Columba livia  ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ȼ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɟɳɟ ɞɜɚ ɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɪɦɚɧ- ɢ ȼɨɪɨɬɚ Ɋɚɫɤɚɩɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɧɢ ɜ  ɝɨɞɚɯ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ ± ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤɞɚɭɪɫɤɨɣɢɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ L. lagopus ȿɫɥɢɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹɧɚɤɨɥɨɧɤɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɞɥɹȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ- ɬɨ ɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɧɚɲɢɪɨɬɟɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɷɬɢɯ ɤɭɪɢɧɵɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɛɵɥɨȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ± 9 ± ɬɵɫɥɟɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ XVII ɫɥɨɸ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ Ⱦɜɚ ɩɢɤɚ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɛɨɪɨɞɚɬɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɫɭɞɹɩɨɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹɦɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣɩɪɢɲɟɥɫɹɧɚɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟXVI ɢXI-ɞ ± XII ɫɥɨɢ Ʉɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɦɜɟɪɯɧɟɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɦɢɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɞɟɪɨɞɭ ɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɢɡ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɢ ɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹɧɚɲɢɪɨɬɟɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɆɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɨXVIII ɫɥɨɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɜXIII ɫɥɨɟɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤɜXII ɫɥɨɟ ɢɡ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɞɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɗɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɋɚɦɵɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ -  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɛɢɨɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɟɩɟɪɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɝɟɨɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɫɤɨɫɬɹɦɢɩɬɢɰȾɚɧɧɨɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ  ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ  ɢɯ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ Tyrberg   Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɨɤ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ ɉɟɳɟɪɧɨɝɨ Ʌɨɝɚ ɩɨɡɠɟ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ  ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɥɨɠɟ - ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ>Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤɚɢɞɪ]. ɏɨɪɨɲɢɦɬɨɦɭɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɫɥɭɠɚɬɧɚɯɨɞɤɢɛɟɥɨɣɢɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɨɣɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ IV ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɒɚɥɭɧɢɧ Ȼɵɤ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɭɝɥɸ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɧɨɣɩɨɱɜɵ- “ɥɧɅȿ-  ɢ“ɥɧɅȿ-4497). 82

ɉɬɢɰɵɢɡɝɪɨɬɚɋɨɜɢɧɵɣɧɚɜɟɫ ± ɧɟɞɪɟɜɧɟɟɷɬɨɝɨɪɭɛɟɠɚɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɨɜɫɟɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɥɨɢ I - III  ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵɨɫɬɚɬɤɢLagopus. ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɢɥɟɜɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚȿɧɢɫɟɹ Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɜɪɚɣɨɧɟɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚɋɬɨɥɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵɱɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨ ©ɥɨɜɭɲɟɱɧɨɝɨª  ɬɢɩɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ - ɝɪɨɬ ɇɚɦɭɪɬ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ Ȼɚɡɚɢɯɢ ɫ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɮɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɯɧɢɲ Ɉɛɳɢɣɫɩɢɫɨɤɜɢɞɨɜɩɬɢɰ- ɱɭɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɟɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɨɬɟɧȾɥɹɥɟɜɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ± ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 120 ɜɢɞɨɜ ɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɚɦɢ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɬɢɰɥɟɜɨɝɨɢɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ əɪɤɨɟɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɥɟɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ- ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɨɦɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɢɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟɫɷɬɢɦ ± ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟȽɧɢɥɚɹɹɦɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɪɟɞɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɧɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɢɒɚɥɭɧɢɧ Ȼɵɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ  >Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜɢɞɪ@Ɍɚɤɠɟɧɭɠɧɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɞɚɭɪɫɤɨɣɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɪɚɜɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɉɟɳɟɪɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɋɬɨɥɛɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ  ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɦɢ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɇɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɤɨɩɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɥɢɛɵɞɚɬɶɧɚɞɟɠɧɵɣɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɬɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚɞɨɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɬɟɧɟɞɪɟɜɧɟɟ-ɬɵɫɹɱɥɟɬɊɟɞɤɢɟɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ Ɍɨɪɝɚɲɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ɇɚɹɱɧɨɣ Ⱦɟɜɹɬɤɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ɉɪɟɲɧɨɣ  ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ 83

ɉɌɂɐɕɉȿɓȿɊɕȿɅȿɇȿȼȺɉȺɅȿɈɗɄɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɵɚɛɵɬɶɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɩɭɬɢɡɚɧɨɫɚɤɨɫɬɟɣɜɩɟɳɟɪɭ ɋɥɟɞɭɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Ɍɚɛɥ : ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɝɚɧɨɤ ɝɚɝɚɪɢɭɬɢɧɵɯȼ  ɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɟɩɬɢɰɵɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɱɚɣɤɨɜɵɟɢɤɭɥɢɤɢɈȼ  ɜɢɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɦɵɲɨɜɵɯ ɛɨɪɞɸɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɟɣ ɩɨɝɨɧɵɲ ɩɨɝɨɧɵɲɤɪɨɲɤɚɤɚɦɵɲɧɢɰɚ Ʉ  ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɹɫɬɪɟɛɵ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ ɫɨɜɵ Asio ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɟɫɬɪɵɣɞɹɬɟɥɞɪɨɡɞɵɢɬɞ± ɜɫɟɝɨɨɤɨɥɨɜɢɞɨɜ Ʌɋ  ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɥɶ ɮɚɡɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ  ɋɅ  ɜɢɞɵ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɸɳɢɟ ɤ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɦ  ɬɚɟɠɧɵɦ  ɥɟɫɚɦ ɝɥɭɯɚɪɶ ɪɹɛɱɢɤ ɭɪɚɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɛɨɪɨɞɚɬɚɹ ɧɟɹɫɵɬɶ ɹɫɬɪɟɛɢɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɚ ɦɨɯɧɨɧɨɝɢɣ ɫɵɱ ɞɹɬɥɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɫɟɜɶɸɪɤɨɜɵɟɬɟɦɧɨɡɨɛɵɣɞɪɨɡɞɤɭɤɲɚ ɌȽ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɤɚɥ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɚ ɮɢɥɢɧ ɫɬɪɢɠɢ  ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɥɭɲɢɰɚɝɚɥɤɚ ɋɄ  ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɯ ɬɭɧɞɪ ɛɟɥɵɟ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɦɚɥɵɣ ɜɟɪɟɬɟɧɧɢɤɪɨɝɚɬɵɣɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɨɤɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɢɣɝɨɪɧɵɣɜɶɸɪɨɤ ɌȾ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɢɧ [ɑɟɯɚ ɢ ɞɪ], ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɬɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɦɢɤɬɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɢɧɚɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɶɹɯȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɋɚɹɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɟɫɚ ɫ ɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɟɣ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɱɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ȼ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɫɧɹɤɚɦɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɯɥɟɫɨɜ ɉɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ - ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ  ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɯ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɤ ɡɚɥɟɫɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ȿɥɶ 84

ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ  ɦɢɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɪɶɹ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɋɚɹɧɚ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɜɲɟɟ ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɦɟɪɡɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɫɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɟɥɶɸ ȼ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ  ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɭɯɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɫɟɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɚɯ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɧɚɨɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜɩɢɤɚɫɬɟɧɨɬɨɩɧɨɝɨɫɬɟɩɧɹɤɚ± ɷɮɟɞɪɵ (Ephedra) >ɑɟɯɚɑɟɯɚɢ ɞɪ0]. Ɇɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ - ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɬɪɭɲɤɢ ɭɡɤɨɱɟɪɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɤ Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɜɪɚɣɨɧɟɤɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨɥɟɦɦɢɧɝɚȼɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɬɚɤɠɟɜɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɤɪɚɫɧɚɹɩɨɥɟɜɤɚɩɨɥɟɜɤɚɷɤɨɧɨɦɤɚɥɟɫɧɨɣɥɟɦɦɢɧɝ ȼɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟɜɢɞɵɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɬɚɤɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɭɸɥɟɦɦɢɧɝɨɜɭɸɮɚɭɧɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ >Ⱥɧɞɪɟɧɤɨ 1997]. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɜɟɫɶ ɞɨɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ⱦɨ ;9,, ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɇɚɪɹɞɭɫ ɷɬɢɦɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɟɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ;,;ɢ;;ɫɥɨɹ ɇɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ - ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ  ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜɧɚɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɟɜɢɞɨɜɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ [ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ƚɪɨɦɨɜ ] ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɥɨɜɵɯ  ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɜɮɢɧɚɥɟɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɚɱɤɟ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɩɟɫɟɣ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɞɚɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ 85

ɩɬɢɰ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɡɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɦɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɱɚɫɬɢ ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɢɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɢɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɞɚɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ Ƚɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ XVII ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɦɦɟɠɞɭɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɦɢɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɦɢɩɚɱɤɚɦɢ ɋɥɨɣXVII, ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ ɂɡ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ  ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɇɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɞɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ   Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɬɪɢɠɢ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɝɚɥɤɢ  ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ Lagopus sp. ɋɥɨɣXVI, ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ ɂɡ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɢɞɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɟɢɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɟɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢɌɚɟɠɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɟɞɤɢ ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɞɤɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɚɥɨɛɚɧɫɟɪɟɛɪɢɫɬɚɹɱɚɣɤɚɩɨɝɨɧɵɲ-ɤɪɨɲɤɚ ȼ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɫɥɨɹ ;9,, ɢ ;9, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɜ ɞɨ -95 %). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɥɹɜɫɟɝɨɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɨɫɬɟɩɧɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɢɧ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɫɥɨɣ ;9,, ɢ ;9,  ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɟɩɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɭɡɤɨɱɟɪɟɩɧɚɹ (Microtus gregalis) ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɚ (Alticola argentatus). ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ± ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɫɟɪɨɣ (Microtus rufocanus) ɢɤɪɚɫɧɨɣɩɨɥɟɜɨɤ[ɑɟɯɚɢɞɪ]. ɋɥɨɣXV ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹɜ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɬɢɰɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜɢɞɚɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɢɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɉɪɨɰɟɧɬɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɟɧ- ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ± ɛɟɪɤɭɬɡɢɦɧɹɤ (Buteo lagopus)ɛɟɥɨɫɩɢɧɧɵɣɞɹɬɟɥ (Dendrocopos lecotos). Ⱦɥɹɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɨɜɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɩɵɥɶɰɵɬɪɚɜ-70%) 86

ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ -  ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɋ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɵɥɶɰɚ ɩɨɣɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɨɤ ɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ± ɭɡɤɨɱɟɪɟɩɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɨɤ ɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɬɪɭɲɤɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɋɥɨɣXIV, ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɬɢɰɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ  ɞɨɥɸ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɟɤɫɬɪɢɠɟɣɝɚɥɤɢ± ɜɢɞɨɜɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢɫɤɚɥ ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɥɹɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɪɟɡɤɨɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɩɵɥɶɰɵɛɟɪɟɡɵɞɨ- 72-88%. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ  ɩɚɥɢɧɨɡɨɧɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɋɥɨɢɨɬXIV ɞɨ XII ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɣɫɬɟɩɧɨɣɢɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɟɫɬɪɭɲɤɚ ɉɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɭ ɠɟɥɬɨɣ ɩɟɫɬɪɭɲɤɢ ɮɚɤɬ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɜ± ɤɦɜɵɲɟɩɨɥɟɜɨɦɭɛɟɪɟɝɭɪɟɤɢ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɷɬɨɬɜɢɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɭɫɬɵɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɨɬɨɩɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɩɧɹɤɨɜ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɭɬɫɟɥɶɝɢ Falco naumanni) ɢ ɬɨɥɚɹ (Lepus capensis) [Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ Ɍɸɦɟɧɶ]. ɋɥɨɣXIII, ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ. ɋɪɟɞɢ  ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ Ⱦɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ©ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟª ɜɢɞɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɟɤ  ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ Ⱥɜɢɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɪɚɪɢɬɟɬɵ± ɛɟɪɤɭɬɛɚɥɨɛɚɧ ɋɥɨɣXII, ɦɟɡɨɥɢɬ. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ XII ɛɢ XII ɝ  ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨɗɬɨɫɚɦɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɹɈɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɦɭɱɢɫɥɭɢɧɚɛɨɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ 87

ɜɢɞɨɜ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ    ɢ ɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ    ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ Ɉɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɤɚɥ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɫɬɪɢɠɢ  ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɢɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ± 27%). ɋɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚɫɤɨɪɟɟɜɫɟɝɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɨɯɨɬɧɢɱɶɟɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɫɟɱɟɤ ɧɚɪɟɡɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɨɝɧɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɫɬɹɯɧɟɧɚɣɞɟɧɨɄɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɜɷɬɨɦɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɜɫɥɨɟɤɨɥɨɬɵɯɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɫɭɥɶ ± ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɨɯɨɬɧɢɱɶɟɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɟɧɢɫɟɣɰɟɜɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɢɩɨɡɞɧɟɦɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɪɟɞɤɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɚɥɨɛɚɧ ɫɬɟɩɧɚɹ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɚ ɤɚɦɵɲɧɢɰɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɤɪɨɧɲɧɟɩ (Numenius arquata)ɮɢɥɢɧ ɋɥɨɢ;,ɞ;,ɝ;,ɜ - ɪɚɧɧɢɣɧɟɨɥɢɬ ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɯɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɬɢɰɩɨɬɪɟɦɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɦ± 3509. ɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɢɞɨɜɩɬɢɰȻɨɥɶɲɚɹɱɚɫɬɶɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ± ɤɨɫɬɨɱɟɤɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɚɤ ɛɥɢɠɟɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɦɟɥɤɢɦɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɦ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ  ɢ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɫɬɪɢɠɢ  ɜɢɞɵ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ   ɢ    Ɉɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ  ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɪɟɡɤɨɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɟɜɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɹɧɟɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ©ɬɟɩɥɵɦɢª ɩɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɗɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ȿɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɢɧɫɢɬɧɵ ɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹLagopus ɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɜɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣȿɥɟɧɟɫɤɨɣɩɟɳɟɪɵ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɥɨɦɭ ɥɟɛɟɞɸ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ  ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɥɨɤɬɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɩɨɦɟɬɚɤɚɪɩɭɫɚ ɢɡ ɫɥɨɹ -ȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵɞɪɟɜɧɢɦɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɰɚɦɢɞɥɹɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɢɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨɣ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨ-ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɬɪɚɜɧɵɟɦɚɫɫɢɜɵɥɟɫɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɱɟɪɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶɢɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɧɚɪɹɞɭɫ ɨɫɬɟɩɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɉɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ 88

ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚɜɷɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɥɟɫɧɵɯɩɥɚɭɧɨɜɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɯɨɥɨɞɨɥɸɛɨɜɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜɫɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹɤɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ Ɏɚɭɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɢɧ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɬɪɭɲɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɥɟɦɦɢɧɝɚ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ  ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ  ɭɡɤɨɱɟɪɟɩɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɞɨɥɹ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ - ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɟɧ ɪɨɫɬ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɫɟɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ ± ɷɤɨɧɨɦɤɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɭɧɵɦɚɥɨɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ. ɋɥɨɢXI ɛXI a - ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣɧɟɨɥɢɬ ɂɡɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢɜɤɨɫɬɧɵɣɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɢɞɨɜɩɬɢɰɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɉɪɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɜ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪȼɩɟɪɜɵɟɞɥɹɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚɜɧɟɦɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɵɥɶɰɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɨ-ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɵɥɶɰɚ ɫɨɫɧɵ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɹɪɭɫɟ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ  ɦɟɥɤɨɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɜɟɬɥɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɬɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ Ɍɟɦɧɨɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭɛɵɥɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɵɫɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɢɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɵɫɨɫɧɹɤɚɦɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɜɤɢ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɤɢɤɪɚɫɧɨ-ɫɟɪɨɣɭɡɤɨɱɟɪɟɩɧɨɣɢɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɨɣɩɨɥɟɜɨɤɌɚɤɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɞɨɜɟɪɯɚɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ ɋɥɨɢX, IX, ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣɧɟɨɥɢɬ ɂɡ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ  ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ Ɉɤɨɥɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ    ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ  ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɫɬɪɢɠɢ  Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɟɫɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚ  ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ  ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɜ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɡɨɛɨɣ ɝɚɝɚɪɵ ɦɚɥɨɝɨɥɟɛɟɞɹɨɪɥɚɧɚ-ɛɟɥɨɯɜɨɫɬɚ 89

X ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ± ɫɚɦɵɣ ɹɪɤɢɣ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȼɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɫɜɵɲɟ  ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ - ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɲɟɜɵɯ ɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɨɝɚ ɢ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɨɛɨɠɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɨɬɵɟ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ȿɫɬɶ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɫɥɟɞɵɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯɠɟɪɬɜɨɩɪɢɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ [ɈɜɨɞɨɜɊɟɣɫ, 2000; Ɍɟɪɧɟɪ@. ɋɥɨɢVIII, VII, VI - ɪɚɧɧɹɹɛɪɨɧɡɚɤɚɪɚɫɭɤɫɤɚɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɂɡ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ   ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ  ɜɢɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɟɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ>ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪGrayson, 1974]. Ɂɚɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɥɚɫɬɨɱɟɤɢɫɬɪɢɠɚɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɧɟɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɟɣɫɹɧɵɧɟɜɬɚɟɠɧɵɯɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɛɨɪɨɞɚɬɨɣɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɪɟɞɤɨɝɨɢɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɨɝɨɫɵɱɚ ȼ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɯ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɡɨɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɢ X ɫɥɨɣ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɩɵɥɶɰɚɬɪɚɜ- ɫɩɨɪɠɟɨɱɟɧɶɦɚɥɨ- ɞɨ-2%. ɋɥɨɢV, IV, III, ± ɪɚɧɧɢɣɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɣɜɟɤ ɅɭɱɲɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵIII ɢV ɫɥɨɢɢɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ  ɂɡɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢɜɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɜɢɞɩɬɢɰɈɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɤɚɥ  - ɫɬɪɢɠɟɣ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɟɤ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɢ ± ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ   ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ   ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚ - ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜ  ɬɚɟɠɧɵɟ ɝɥɭɯɚɪɶ ɪɹɛɱɢɤ ɦɨɯɧɨɧɨɝɢɣ ɫɵɱ ɬɪɟɯɩɚɥɵɣ ɞɹɬɟɥ  ɢ ɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɟɥ ɛɨɪɨɞɚɬɚɹ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ   - ɩɨ  ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɬɨɤ  ± 3 %. 18% - ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɥɤɢɯɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɯɩɬɢɰɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɪɢɫɭɧɨɤɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɯɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɈɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ- ɛ‫ܞ‬ɥɶɲɚɹɞɨɥɹɬɚɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɋɥɨɢI, II - ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɟ ɗɬɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɂɡ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɜ  ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ  ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ   ɢ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ    ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɛɟɥɨɩɨɹɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɢɠɚ  ɢ  ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ - ɧɚ ɬɟɬɟɪɟɜɚ ɢ 90

ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɭɫɬɟɥɶɝɭ ɉɚɥɢɧɨɫɩɟɤɬɪɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ -60%) ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɵɥɶɰɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ Ɋɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɪɟɡɧɹɤɢ ɫɨɫɧɹɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɬɪɚɜɧɵɟɫɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɨ-ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ

Ɋɢɫ18. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɨɛɢɥɢɟɢɥɢɧɢɢɬɪɟɧɞɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹɢɧɬɪɚɡɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɜɢɞɵ  ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ 1 ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ± ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɵɟ± ɬɚɟɠɧɵɟɢ± ɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɟ

Ɍɭɧɞɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɜɵɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɚ ɬɚɟɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɦ ɢ ɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɦ, ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨ-ɛɟɪɟɡɨɜɵɯ ɭɪɨɱɢɳ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɠɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɬɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɥɭɝɨɜɢɧɚɦɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɨɫɬɩɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɦɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜɸɠɧɨɣɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ.

91

ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ  ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɫ ©ɥɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɨɣª ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɡɴɸɧɤɰɢɣ ɚɪɟɚɥɨɜ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜɫɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵȿɧɢɫɟɣ- ɨɞɧɚɢɡɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯɡɨɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɯɝɪɚɧɢɰɉɚɥɟɚɪɤɬɢɤɢ ɋɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɨɣ Ⱥɮɨɧɬɨɜɚ Ƚɨɪɚ Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɨɤɨɥɨ ± 22 -  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ Ⱥə Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɣɜɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢɫɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɦɢɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɬɢɰ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɛɟɥɭɸ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɭɸ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯɞɥɹɦɚɦɨɧɬɨɜɨɝɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɤ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɚ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ ɄɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɵɣȻɵɤɋɪɟɞɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɹɧɤɢɄɚɲɬɚɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ (ɧɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɟ  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ  ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɜɢɞɨɜɩɬɢɰɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɨɣ. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ  - ɩɟɳɟɪɚ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ± ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɫɚɪɬɚɧ  ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ  ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨɱɬɢ  ɨɬ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ, ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ  ɜɢɞɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɫɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɞɨɛɵɱɟɣ ɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯ ɯɢɳɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱥɜɢɮɚɭɧɚ ɢɡ Ɍɨɧɧɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɟɪɧɚɬɵɯɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨȿɧɢɫɟɹɜɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɟ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɭɧɟ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɨɞ ɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦɞɚɥɢɪɚɫɤɨɩɤɢȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɵɦɩɟɳɟɪɵɉɟɳɟɪɧɨɝɨɅɨɝɚ Ɏɢɧɚɥɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚɢɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɤɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɭɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɭɩɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢɡȿɥɟɧɟɜɨɣɦɨɠɧɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɢɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɦɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟȿɧɢɫɟɹɧɚɲɢɪɨɬɟɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɆɚɫɫɨɜɵɟɞɨ;9,,,ɫɥɨɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ;,,, ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɟɧɚɯɨɞɤɢɛɟɥɵɯɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤɞɚɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɩɨɜɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɦɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɜ92

 ɬɵɫ ɥɟɬ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɛɢɨɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɩɟɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɩɨɡɞɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯɦɟɫɬɨɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɇɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ (ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɦ) - ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɬɚɟɠɧɨ-ɬɭɧɞɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɪɬɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɝɥɹɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɭɧɞɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ-ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɚɹ  ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ  ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɨɣɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɵɟ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɢ  ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɚɣɝɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɫɨɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɬɚɮɨɰɟɧɨɡɵ ɩɬɢɰɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɨɯɨɬɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɷɩɨɯɢɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɚɢɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ XII-XVI ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɧɵɣ ɷɩɢɡɨɞ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɟɣ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɥɭɝɨɜɨ-ɫɬɟɩɧɵɯ ɛɢɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ  ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɚɥɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɬɟɪɢɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɚɬɚɤɠɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɭɛɮɨɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɬɢɰ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɨɜ

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ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ 1. Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɚ ȿȼ 1992. ɇɟɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ Ⱥɮɨɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɝɨɪɵ  ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɌɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ - ɋ± 64. 2. Ⱥɤɢɦɨɜɚ ȿȼ ɑɟɯɚ ȼɉ Ʉɨɥɶɰɨɜɚ ȼȽ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ 1992. ɉɨɡɞɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ʌɢɫɬɜɟɧɤɚ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɸɝɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ - ɋ- 48. 3. ȺɧɞɪɟɧɤɨɈȼɉɨɡɞɧɟɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɟɩɨɝɚɞɤɢɩɬɢɰɢɡɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ɏɚɭɧɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣɋɢɛɢɪɢ Ɇɟɠɜɭɡ ɋɛ ɧɚɭɱɧ Ɍɪ ± Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɂɡɞ-ɜɨɄȽɉɍɫ-50. 4. ȺɧɞɪɟɧɤɨɈȼɄɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɛɚɪɟɚɥɟɤɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨɥɟɦɦɢɧɝɚɧɚɸɝɟɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ   ɥɟɬ ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ;;;9,,ɊȺɗɋɄɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɫ-16. 5. ȺɧɬɢɩɢɧɚȿȿɆɚɫɥɨɜɋɉɈɫɬɚɬɤɢɩɬɢɰɢɡɦɟɡɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɨɟɜ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢɄɚɡɚɱɤɚɧɚɸɝɟɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɈɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ-178. 6. Ⱥɪɤɚɞɢɸ əɤɨɜɥɟɜɢɱɭ Ɍɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ  >ɫɛ ɩɨɫɜɹɳ ɥɟɬɢɸȺəɌɭɝɚɪɢɧɨɜɚ-1948)]. -Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ1.- ɋ-43 7. ȺɭɷɪɛɚɯɇɄȽɪɨɦɨɜȼɂɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɤɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸȻɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɢɯɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɛɥɢɡ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɉɚɥɟɨɥɢɬ ɋɋɋɊ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ Ƚɨɫ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɜɵɩɆ-Ʌɋ- 245. 8. Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜ ȺȺ ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɭɧɞɪɹɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɨɤ ɜ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɚɯ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ  ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɩɬɢɰ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɌɟɡɢɫɵɞɨɤɥȼɫɟɫɨɸɡɧɫɢɦɩɨɡɎɪɭɧɡɟɋ±11. 9. Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜ ȺȺ ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ Ⱥɥɬɚɣ-ɋɚɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮ ɞɢɫɫ «ɞɨɤɬɛɢɨɥɧɚɭɤ- Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± ɋ 10.ȼɞɨɜɢɧ Ⱥɋ əɦɫɤɢɯ ȺɎ əɦɫɤɢɯ Ƚɘ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ ɉɨɡɞɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɚ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɋɥɢɡɧɟɜɚ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɸɝɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɇɢɧɭɫɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɚ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ Ⱥɥɚɬɚɭ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɋɚɹɧ  ɉɭɬɟɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ ɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɁɨɞɢɚɤɋ-34. 95

11.Ƚɨɪɟɥɨɜɚ ȺɄ Ȼɨɧɞɚɪɟɧɤɨ Ɍɋ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɨɪɧɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ± Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± ɋ 12.Ƚɪɨɦɨɜ ȼɂ ɉɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɋɋɋɊɌɪɭɞɵɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤȼɵɩɂɡɞɜɨȺɇɋɋɋɊɋ-345. 13.ȽɪɨɦɨɜɂɆȼɟɪɯɧɟɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɟɝɪɵɡɭɧɵɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɨɣɅɭɤɢɢɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɢɹɢɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɢɯɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɌɪɭɞɵɁɂɇȺɇɋɋɋɊɌ;;,,, ɋ-150. 14.Ƚɭɥɹɟɜ ȺȺ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɋɭɩɪɚɧɤɨɜɚ ɇȺ Ɉ ɡɚɥɟɬɟ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɠɭɪɚɜɥɹ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɩɨɠɭɪɚɜɥɹɦʋɆ- 2013. - ɋ-125. 15.ȾɟɦɟɧɬɶɟɜȽɉɋɨɤɨɥɚ - ɤɪɟɱɟɬɵɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɆ- 1951. - 187 ɋ 16.ȾɨɪɨɝɨɜȼɎɄɪɟɱɟɬɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɟɋɪɟɞɧɟɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɁɜɟɪɢɢɩɬɢɰɵɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɋɢɛɢɪɢɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹɨɯɪɚɧɚɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ± ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ 1985. ± ɋ-54. 17.ȿɥɟɧɟɜ Ⱥɋ Ɉ Ȼɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɨɣɤɧɢɝɟȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɋ- 16. 18.Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɇɉ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ± ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɣ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ Ɇɚɬ-ɥɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ©ɉɟɳɟɪɵ Ɉɯɪɚɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ  ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɬɭɪɢɡɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢɛɵɜɲɟɝɨɋɋɋɊªɋ-103. 19.Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɇɉ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ əɦɫɤɢɯ ȺɎ əɦɫɤɢɯ Ƚɘ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ɅȺ ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜ ȼȺ ɐɟɩɤɢɧ ȿȺ ɑɯɢɤɜɚɞɡɟ ȼɆ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ - ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɣ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɣ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɋ-120. 20.ɆɚɤɚɪɨɜɇɉəɦɫɤɢɯȺȺȺɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɢɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɶɧɵɣ Ȼɵɤ ɉɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɨɜ ȼɵɩɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± ɋ-112.

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21.Ɇɚɤɚɪɨɜ ɇɉ Ɇɚɧɞɪɵɤɚ ɉȼ əɦɫɤɢɯ ȺɎ əɦɫɤɢɯ Ƚɘ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɒɚɥɭɧɢɧ Ȼɵɤ ɉɚɥɟɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ȼɵɩɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± ɋ-135. 22.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɉɬɢɰɵ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɩɚɥɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ Ʉɚɲɬɚɧɤɚ  6-ɟ Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧ ɫɨɜɟɳ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱ ɦɚɦɨɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɦɨɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɭɧɵ Ɍɟɡ ɞɨɤɥ Ʌ-39. 23.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇȼɇɨɜɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɩɬɢɰɚɯɦɭɫɬɶɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ - ɩɟɳɟɪɵ Ⱦɜɭɝɥɚɡɤɚ ɏɚɤɚɫɢɹ   Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ,, Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ©ɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɠɢɡɧɢɧɚɁɟɦɥɟªɌɨɦɫɤ ɋ 24.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇȼɇɚɯɨɞɤɢɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɛɚɤɥɚɧɚɜɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ȿɧɢɫɟɹȾɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɨɜȼɵɩ,,Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɋ 25.ɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇȼɇɨɜɵɣɩɨɞɜɢɞɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɨɣɫɨɪɨɤɢPica pica tugarinovi ssp. nov ɢɡɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚɧɚɋɪɟɞɧɟɦȿɧɢɫɟɟȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹȺɥɶɦɚɧɚɯɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɋ-126. 26.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɚɜɢɮɚɭɧɵ ɧɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɩɨɞ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɦ  Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟ  Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ± ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹɝɨɞɚȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɋ-141. 27.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ɇɟɥɤɢɟ ɜɨɪɨɛɶɢɧɵɟ $YHV 3DVVHULIRUPHV  ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢɗɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ,9Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦɚ± ɧɨɹɛɪɹɌɨɦɫɤ ɋ± 634. 28.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɉɬɢɰɵ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ Ɂɚɛɚɣɤɚɥɶɹ ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ Ȼɭɯɭɫɚɧ ɢ Ɏɨɮɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ  Ⱦɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɢɢ ɢ ȻɚɣɤɚɥɶɫɤɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ȼɵɩɉɨɞɪɟɞɏɚɪɢɧɫɤɨɝɨȺȼ± 2011. ± ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ± ɋ-122. 29.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɉɬɢɰɵ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ ɩɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɩɟɳɟɪɵȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ Ȼɚɣɤɚɥɶɫɤɢɣɡɨɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɠɭɪɧɚɥ± ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ± ʋ ɋ- 36. 30.ɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇȼɉɬɢɰɵȻɟɪɟɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɝɨɪɨɞɢɳɚɇɢɠɧɟɟɉɪɢɨɛɶɟ  Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɟ Ɇɚɬ-ɥɵ ,,,-ɟɣ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɫɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ ɋ-242. 97

31.Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇȼɉɬɢɰɵ©ɡɥɚɬɨɤɢɩɹɳɟɣɆɚɧɝɚɡɟɢªɁɨɨɥɠɭɪɧ - ɬʋɆ- ɋ-1135. 32.Ɇɚɬɸɲɤɢɧ ȿɇ Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɉɚɥɟɚɪɤɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ² ȼ ɤɧ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵɛɢɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɆ©ɇɚɭɤɚªɫ²80. 33.Ɇɚɬɸɲɤɢɧ ȿɇ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɚɪɟɚɥɨɜ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɯɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɯ² Ɂɨɨɥɠɬɜɵɩɫ²1291. 34.Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ ȼȿ Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɭɤ Ɇȼ Ⱦɟɪɛɚɧ ȺȽ ɋɬɨɥɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤɂɬɨɝɢɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ2007 ± ɝ± Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± 2012. -ɋ 35.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ʉɨɥɶɰɨɜɚ ȼȽ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɦ ȿɧɢɫɟɟ Ⱥɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ Ⱥɡɢɹ  ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɇɚɭɤɚɋ-15. 36.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɢ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨȼɨɫɬɨɤɚɑɚɫɬɶɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɋ-338. 37.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɇɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɩɬɢɰɚɦɝɪɨɬɚȾɜɭɝɥɚɡɤɚɜɏɚɤɚɫɢɢɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɢɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɤɪɚɹɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɋ-83. 38.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɉɟɳɟɪɚ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ  - ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɥɟɨɮɚɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɩɟɪ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɌɟɡɢɫɵɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜɆɋ 39.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɉɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɳɟɪ Ʉɚɪɚɭɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ  ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ Ɍɨɦ 9 ɂɡɞɂȺɗɌɋɈɊȺɇ- ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤɋ-192. 40.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɉɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɳɟɪ Ȼɢɪɸɫɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨɝɨɪɚɣɨɧɚɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɵɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚɢɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚɋɢɛɢɪɢɜɵɩɂɡɞ ɂȺɗɌɋɈɊȺɇɋ-382. 41.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ɉɪɥɨɜɚ ɅȺ Ɂɚɣɰɵ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɫɢɛɢɪɹɤɨɜɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜȼɵɩɌɸɦɟɧɶ ɂɡɞ-ɜɨɂɉɈɋɋɈɊȺɇ- ɋ-154. 42.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ ȼȿ ɉɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ ȿɧɢɫɟɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚ Ɍɪɭɞɵ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ³ɋɬɨɥɛɵ´ȼɵɩɭɫɤɋ-144. 98

43.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ ɇɚɞɚɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ Ⱥ Ɏɢɥɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɢɲɢ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ Ⱥɥɬɚɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɮɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ  ɉɚɥɟɨɷɤɨɥ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɋɟɜ ȺɡɢɢɢɫɨɩɪɟɞɬɟɪɪɢɬɆɚɬ- ɥɵɦɟɠɞɫɢɦɩɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ255. 44.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɇɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱ ɇȼ 2012. ɉɚɥɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɋɬɨɥɛɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ Ɇɢɯɟɟɜ ȼȿ Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɭɤ ȼɆ Ⱦɟɪɛɚɧ ȺȽ ɋɬɨɥɛɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɪɫɬɨɜɨ-ɫɩɟɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɂɬɨɝɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ - ɝɝ ± Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± ɋ-33. 45.Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ Ɋɟɣɫ ɌɆ 2000. ɇɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɟ ȿɥɟɧɟɜɚ ɪȿɧɢɫɟɣ  ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ Ɍɨɦɫɤ ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɌȽɍ- C.203-205. 46.ɉɨɬɚɩɨɜɚ ɈɊ Ɉɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɢɡ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ɇɟɞɜɟɠɶɟɣ ɩɟɳɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɍɪɚɥɟ Ɏɚɭɧɚ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧɚɢɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɚɋɋɋɊɅɌɪɭɞɵɁɂɇɚɌɋ-153. 47.ɉɪɢɜɚɥɢɯɢɧȼɂɈɜɨɞɨɜɇȾɆɚɪɬɵɧɨɜɢɱɇȼ2003. ɇɢɠɧɟɪɟɱɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɥɚɞ ɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɨɝɚ  ɢ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɉɪɢɚɧɝɚɪɶɹ  Ⱦɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯɬɪɭɞɨɜȼɵɩɄɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ- ɋ-77. 48.ɉɪɢɜɚɥɢɯɢɧ ȼɂ Ɉɳɟɩɤɨɜ ɉȼ ɉɨɞɛɨɥɨɰɤɢɣ Ⱥȼ Ɉɜɨɞɨɜ ɇȾ ɇɚɯɨɞɤɢ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɢ Ȼɚɡɚɢɯɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɨɜȺɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɇɢɠɧɟɣ Ⱥɧɝɚɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ.ɋɛɧɚɭɱɧɫɬɚɬɟɣ- Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± 2013. ± ɋ± 41. 49.Ɋɨɝɚɱɟɜɚɗȼ1988. ɉɬɢɰɵɋɪɟɞɧɟɣɋɢɛɢɪɢɇɚɭɤɚɆ - ɫ 50.Ɋɨɝɚɱɟɜɚ ɗȼ ɋɵɪɨɟɱɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȿȿ 2000. ȿɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɛɢɨɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ± ɨɫɧɨɜɚɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɛɢɨɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ Ɇɚɬ-ɥɵ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɉɪɢɟɧɢɫɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ± Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ± ɄɪɚɫȽɍ - ɋ-14. 51.ɋɭɲɤɢɧ ɉɉ 1914. ɉɬɢɰɵ Ɇɢɧɭɫɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɋɚɹɧɚ ɢ ɍɪɹɧɯɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɢ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɮɚɭɧɵ ɢ ɮɥɨɪɵ Ɋɨɫ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢɈɬɞɡɨɨɥɆ - ȼɵɩɋ-551. 99

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