Тренинг навыков радикально открытой диалектической поведенческой терапии. Теория и практика лечения расстройств, вызванных чрезмерным самоконтролем [1 ed.] 9786175500521

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Copyright © 2018 by Thomas P. Lynch. All rights reserved. Authorized translation from The Skills Training Manual for Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy: A Clinicians Guide for Treating Disorders of Overcontrol ( ISBN 978-1- 6262 - 5931-7), published by Context Press, an imprint of New Harbinger Publications, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced , stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 978-617- 550-052 -1 ( yicp.) ISBN 978-1-6262 -5931- 7 (aHrn.)

© OOO “ HayKOBMM CBIT , nepeBOA, 2022

© 2018 by Thomas P. Lynch

OrAaBAeHMe 06 aBTope

25

rnaBa 1. 5 a 30Bbie npiiHMunbi, o63op cnoco6oB neneHna M rno6anbHan dpyKTypa ypoKOB no ocBoeHi/no HaBbiKOB paflUKa /ibHOM

rnaBa 2.

OTKpbITOCTM

27

flnaneKTMKa, paflMKanbHan OTKpbiTOCTb n cawioMccneflOBaHMe

57

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75

PnaBa 4. KaK nonb30BaTbca pyKOBOflCTBOM no TpemiHry HaBbiKOB PO

107

PnaBa 5. rinaHbi ypoKOB PO flm ypOK 1. PaflMKanbHan OTKpbiTOCTb ypOK 2. riOHMMaHl/ie 3MOL(MM ypOK 3. AKTMBaUHfl CHCTeMbl COL(ManbHOM 6e30naCH0CTH ypOK 4. nOBblineHMe ypOBHfl OTKpblTOCTM H KaMeCTBa Me>KnMHHOCTHblX OTHOineHm/i npi/i noMOinn MeflUTaqun mo6ameM flo 6po ypOK 5 . AKTMBHoe npmvieHeHMe HOBWX 4> opM noBefleHMB ypOK 6. Kax HyBCTBa npi/ixoflflT HaM Ha nowiomb ypOK 7. rioHMMaHi/ie coBnaflaHwn nocpeflCTBOM rnnepKOHTpona ypoK 8. rineMn HMeeT 3HaneHne ypoK 9. Coi4nanbHbie cnmanbi HMeioT 3HaHeHi/ie! ypoK 10. Mcnonb30BaHne copManbHbix CHmanoB flnn >KI/I3HI/I

111 112 141 163

B COOTBeTCTBHM C C06dBeHHblMH qeHHOCTflMH

ypoK 11.06yMeHne oco3HaHHOCTn: nacTb 1 ypoK 12.06yHeHne 0C03HaHH0CTn: nacTb 2 ypoK 13.06yHeHwe oco3HaHHOCTM: MacTb 3 ypoK 14.06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH0CTi/i: MacTb 4 ypoK 15. 34> (|) eKTMBHOCTb 06lHeHHfl: MaCTb 1 ypoK 16.3(j)(j) eKTHBHOCTb o6meHi/in: nacTb 2 ypoK 17. KanecTBo o6i eHnn ypoK 18. HaCTOMMHBOCTb M OTKpbiTOCTb ypoK 19. BannflaL( Mfl flnn HHTerpaL(MM coMManbHbix cwmanoB

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186 199 237 261 271 313

334 364 395 435 462 492 506 537 570 590

6

OmaB /ieHne

YpoK 20. yupermem/ie coqi/ia /ibHbix CBfl3eii: MacTb 1 YpoK 21. yKpenjiem/ie OTHOLuem/iM: MacTb 2 YpoK 22.06yMem/ie npi/i noMoujH KoppeKTwpyioinei/i o6paTHOi/i CBB 3H YpoK 23.06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH0CTi/i: >nacTb 1 YpoK 24.06yMeHne oco3Ham-iocTi/i: MacTb 2 YpoK 25.06yHem/ie 0C03HaHH0cn/i: nacTb 3 YpoK 26.06yMeHne 0C03HaHH0CTi/i: Macrb 4 YpoK 27.3aBMCTb I/I o6nfla ypOK 28. I4MHM3M, 03J106/ieHH0CTb M yXOfl ypoK 29. Yn/iem/ie npomaTb ypOK 30. HHTerpai MOHHaa Hefle/ia PO

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625 639 667 696 698 700 702 704 720 739 773 789

CoflepacaHwe 06 aBTope

25

QiaBa 1.6a 30Bbie npMHLji/inbi, o63op cnoco6oB /leneHMfl M mo6a /ibHafl CTpyKTypa ypoKOB no ocBoem/iK) HaBbiKOB paflUKa /ibHOi/i OTKpbITOCTM

27

HTO TaKoe mnepKOHTponb HeTbipe ocHOBHbix flec[) mjMTa TepaneBTMHecKaa no3MijMH PO flJYT Ba30Bbie npeAnocbi/iKM OCHOBHOM MexaHM3M, KOTopbiM Tpe6yeT M3MeHeHMM: coqwa /ibHbie cnraa /ibi

28 31 31 32 34 36 CipyKTypa M ije/m neneimn. 38 MepapxMH ijeTiew MHflHBMflya /ibHoii Tepanm TpeHMHr HaBbiKOB PO: nio6a /ibHbie ije/m n 3aflann 39 40 OpMeHTMpOBaHMe K /iweHTOB c TK Ha o6yneHMe HaBbiKaM PO 44 CTpyKTypa TpeHMHra HaBbiKOB PO 48 CTpyKTypa 3aHHTHH B TpeHMHre HaBbiKOB PO ia 48 nmeHHH Mbiin /ieHne / / 3 pa Mepa rpynnbi HefluarHOcmnecKoe fl yBe MaKCHMM3aijMH o6yneHMH npw noMOiijM MaKcnMM3aijnH (J)H3MHecKoro npocTpaHCTBa 50 52 OOyneHMe HenocpeflCTBeHHo no nocoOwio 3aKnioHeHiie 55

PriaBa 2. fluaneKTMKa, paflUKaribHan OTKpbiTOCTb n caMouccneflOBaHne ripw neM TyT AwaneKTMKa ? noneMy paflHKa /ibHaa OTKpbiTOCTb ? 3aHeM Hy>KHO caMOMcaieflOBaHwe 3aK /noHeHMe

HnaBa 3. Pa 6oia Hafl npo6neMaTHMHbiM noBefleHneM BO BpeMfl TpeHi/mra HaBbiKOB PO ECTIM 3aHHTwe npoxoflHT B THIHUHC Mcno7ib3ywTe CTpaTerwM noBbimeHMH H noHiDKeHMfl flaB/ieHMH fl /m ( jjopMMpOBaHMH ace/iaeMoro noBefleHMH fle3aflanTMBHbie coi wanbHbie cMTHanw, KOTOpbie He/ib3H nrHopwpoBaTb

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BpeMH 3aHHTMH PIpoTOKon TepaneBTMHecKoro CTHMy/mpoBaHMH coijHa;ibHOM OTBCTCTBCHHOCTM BO

PA6 oTa Ha npoOneMow HeBbino/iHeHnn flOManiHMx 3aflaHMM Pa6 oTa Hafl pa3pbiBOM TepaneBTMnecKoro anbHHca M ero BOccraHOB/ieHneM Pa6oTa Hafl cymjnfla;ibHbiM noBefleHneM 3aKnioHeHHe

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57 57 65 69 73 75 76 84 86 98 100 103 103 106

8

CoaepwaHMe

1 /iaBa 4. KaK no/ib30 BaTbCfl pyKOBOflCTBOM no TpeHMHry HaBbiKOB PO fleinM(J) poBKa n /iaHa ypona PO flononHMTenbHbie MHCTpyxijMM no Mcno/ib30BaHMK) pyxoBOflCTBa fnaBa 5. flnaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

YpOK 1. Pa MKanbHaH OTKpbITOCTb OcHOBHbie no;iO)KeHMH ypoKa 1 Heo6xoAHMbie MaTepnanw ( PeKOMeH yeTCH ) IIpaxTMxa oco3HaHHOCTM (06n3aTenbHo ) IIo7io>xeHMe ypoKa ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpa>xHeHMe (06fl3aTe;ibHo ) IIonoHceHMe o6yneHMfl ( 06n3aTenbHo) IIo;io>xeHMe ypoxa ( 06H3aTenbHo) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpa>XHeHMe (06n 3aTenbHo) IIo7io>xeHMe o6yneHMH (06H3aTe/ibHo ) IIo/io>xeHMe ypoxa YpoK 1. floMaumee 3aflaHne YpoK 2. rioHMMaHne OcHOBHbie no/io^ceHMH ypoxa 2 Heo6xoflMMbie Maiepnanbi ( PeKOMeH yeTCH ) IIpaxTMxa oco3HaHHOCTM ( 06H3aTenbHo ) IIo/io>xeHMe ypoKa (06H3aTe/ibHo ) IIo/io>xeHMe ypoxa (06H3aTenbHo ) PIcTopnn M o6cy>xfleHMe YpoK 2. floMaumee 3aflaHne YpoK 3. AxTMBaijMH cncTeMbi coijuaTibHon 6e3onacHOCTM OcHOBHbie no/io>xeHnH ypoxa 3 ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo) Bonpoc oOcy eHna (06H3aTe/ibHo) IIo/io)xeHMe ypoxa (06n 3aTenbHo ) FIono^ceHne ypoxa (06fl3aTe/ibHo ) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpa XHeHne ^ (06n 3aTe;ibHo ) IIo;io>xeHne ypoxa (06n 3aTenbHo ) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpa>XHeHMe ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) no/io ceHne ypoxa ^ ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpa cHeHMe ^ ( 06n3aTenbHo ) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpaacHeHMe ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) IIo/io>xeHMe ypoxa ( 06n3aTenbHo) IIonoxceHMe ypoxa ( 06fl3aTe;ibHo) IIono ceHMe ypoxa ^ (flononHMTenbHo) IIpaxTMHecxoe ynpa>xHeHMe (flononHMTenbHo) IIo7io>xeHMe ypoxa Ypox 3. floManmee 3a aHMe

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107

107 109 111 112 112 112 113 114 115 117 118 119 120 122 125 141 141 141 142 142 150 151 155

163 163 164 165 166 167 168 171 172 173 174 174 175 175 175 177 178

CoflepwaHMe

ypOK 4. nOBbimeHJie ypOBHfl OTKpblTOCTM II KaneCTBa MOKflMHHOCTHblX OTHOineHMM npM IIOMOIHH MeAMTai MM /IK) 6flmeM flo6pOTbI OcHOBHbie no/io>KeHMH ypoKa 4 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepiia /ibi (06n 3aTenbHo) rionoaceHiie ypoxa (06fl3aTe;ibHo ) npaxTMHecxoe ynpa>XHeHMe (06H3aTenbHo) Bonpocw A /IH o6cy>xAeHMH YpoK 4. floMauiHee 3aflaHMe YpOK 5. AKTMBHoe npMMeHeHMe HOBMX 4> opM noBeAeHMH OcHOBHbie nono^eHMH ypoxa 5 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwanw ( PeKOMeHAOBaHo ) npaxTMxa oco3HaHHOCTM (06n 3aTenbHo ) rio/io>xeHiie ypona ( 06H3aTenbHo ) rio/io>xeHim o6yHeHMH ( 06n 3aTenbHo) IIo7io>xeHiifl o6yHeHMH (06n 3aTenbHo ) IIono^KeHiie ypoxa (06H3aTenbHo ) npaxTMHecxoe ynpa>KHeHiie (flononHMTenbHo) npaxTMHecxoe ynpa >KHeHMe YpoK 5. floManiHee 3aAaHne ypOK 6. KaK nyBCTBa npMXOAHT HaM Ha noMomb OcHOBHbie nono>KeHMH ypoxa 6 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepManbi ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) IIpaKTiiKa oco3HaHHOcm ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) npaxTMHecxoe ynpa CHeHwe ^ ( 06n3aTenbHo ) 06yneHne ( 06n3aTenbHo ) PIcTopwH M o6cy>KAeHiie ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) IIo/io>xeHMe ypoxa ( 06n3aTenbHo ) no o^xeHMe o6yHeHHH ^ ( PexoMeHAyeTcn ) no/io>xeHMe o6yHeHMH Ypox 6. floMauiHee 3aAaHne ypox 7. IIoHMMaHiie coBnaAaHMH nocpeACTBOM mnepKOHTpo;ifl OcHOBHbie nono>xeHMH ypoxa 7 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepiia /ibi ( PexoMeHAyeTcn ) npaxTMxa oco3HaHHOCTM ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) IIo/ioaceHMe o6yneHMH Ypox 7. floMauiHee 3aAaHwe

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ypox 8. IlneMH MMeeT 3HaneHMe

9

186 186 187 187 189 190 190

199 199 199 200 202 202 204 211 213 216 217 237 237 237 238 239 240 240 242 242 245 247

261 261 261 261 263 266 271

IloHUMaHue nyecmea omeepMeHHoemu u cot uanbHbix 3MOU,UU OcHOBHbie nonoxeHMH ypoxa 8 Heo6xoAMMbie Maiepiia /ibi ( PexoMeHAyeTcn ) IIono>xeHMe ypoxa

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271 272 272

10

CoflepwaHMe

(06fl3aTe;ibHo ) HonoyKeme ypoKa (06a 3aTenbHo ) no/ioaceHMe ypona ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) nono>neHMe ypona ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) no/io>neHMe o6yneHMfl ( 06H3aTenbHo) nonoaceHMe ypona (06n 3aTenbHo) no/ioaceHMe ypona (flono/iHMTe/ibHo ) IIono)neHMe ypona (06a 3aTenbHo) MMHM -ynpa >nHeHMe (06fl3aTejibHo ) IIono ceHMe ypona ^ ( 06n 3aTe bHo ) MMHM - ynpa cHeHMe ^ ^ Ypon 8. floManiHee 3aflaHwe Ypon 9. CoijManbHbie CMrHanw MMeiOT 3HaneHMe! OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypona 9 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwa /ibi (06H3aTe/ibHo) npanTMHecnoe ynpa cHeHMe ^ (06a3aTenbHo) IIonoaceHMe ypona ( 06n3aTenbHo ) npanTMHecnoe ynpaacHeHMe ( 06fl3aTenbHo ) Ilono^ceHMe ypona Ypon 9. floMauiHee 3aflaHMe Ypon 10. Mcnonb30BaHwe coi wanbHbix CMraanoB flnn XCM3HM B COOTBCTCTBMM

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C Co6cTBeHHbIMM IjeHHOCTflMM

273 274 275 276 278 280 281 282 284 286 292

313 313 313 314 319 320 323 328 334

TU 6 KUU pa3yM HMCT OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypona 10 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepwanw ( 06n3aTenbHo) llono^ceHMe ypona ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) no/io>neHMe ypona ( PenoMeH yeTCH ) npanTMHecnoe ynpa^cHeHwe ( 06H3aTenbHo ) npanTMHecnoe ynpamieHMe ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo) nono>neHMe o6yneHMH ( 06a 3aTenbHo) npanTMHecnoe ynpa cHeHMe ^ Ypon 10. floManiHee 3aflaHMe Ypon 11 . 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 1 MuuineHue npu eunepKownpone OcHOBHbie no/io^ceHMH ypona 11 Heo6xoji;MMbie MaTepManw ( 06n3aTenbHo ) nono neHMe o6yneHMH ^ ( 06n3aTenbHo ) no/io>neHMe o6yneHMH (flononHMTenbHo) Bonpocw AJIH o6cy eHMH ( 06n3aTenbHo ) npanTMHecnoe ynpa cHeHMe ^ ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) HonoyKeume o6yneHMH ( 06n3aTe bHo ) no/ioaceHMe o6yneHMH ^

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334 334 335 336 337

337 339 342 345 364 364 365 365 366 368 369 372 374

Coflepwahme

( 06H3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpaacHeHMe (flono/iHMTe/ibHo ) Bonpoc RJIB o6cy >KfleHMH ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) IIono>KeHMe o6yneHMfl ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) IIo/io>KeHiie o6yneHMH ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa>KHeHMe YpoK 11. floManmee 3aflaHMe ypoK 12. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 2 HaeuKU ‘Vino” OcHOBHbie no7io>KeHMH ypoKa 12 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepMa /ibi ( PeKOMeH yeTcn ) npaKTMKa oco3HaHHOCTM ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) riono>KeHMe o6yneHMH ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) no/io>KeHMe o6yHeHMH ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) npaKTMnecKoe ynpaameHMe ( PeKOMeH yeTCH ) nojioaceHMe o6yneHMH ( 06n3aTenbHo) IIpaKTiiHecKoe ynpamieHMe (06n 3aTenbHo) rio/ioaceHMe o6yneHMH YpoK 12. floMamHee 3aflaHne ( 06H3aTenbHo ) npaKTMnecKoe ynpaacHeHMe

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11 375 377 377 380 380 382 395

395 395 396 399 404 406 411 412 413 425 425

435 YpoK 13. 06yMeHwe 0 C03HaHH0CTM: nacrb 3 Knwneeou naewc oco3naHHocmu “Kan”: npu HOMOW,U caMouccnedoeaHUX OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoxa 13 435 435 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepManbi (06n 3aTenbHo ) no/ioaceHMe o6yneHMH 436 ( 06B3aTenbHo ) riono KeHMe o6yHeHMB 437 ^ ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) IIono)KeHMe o6yneHMH 439 ( 06n3aTenbHo ) no/io>KeHMe o6yMeHMH 440 (flononHMTenbHo ) IIono>KeHMe o6yneHMH 442 (flononHMTe/ibHo) MwHM- ynpa^KHeHPie 444 (flonOTIHMTeTIbHO) npaKTMKa CaMOMCCneflOBaHHH 445 ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) npaKTMKa 447 ( 06fl3aTenbHo ) npaKTMKa 449 (flononHMTenbHo ) npaKTMHecKMe ynpa>KHeHMH 453 454 YpoK 13. floMaumee 3a aHMe 462 YpoK 14. 06yneHMe oco3HaHHocTM: nacTb 4 HaebiKU “Kan”

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OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 14

Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepMa/ibi (06n3aTenbHo) no/io>KeHMe o6yneHMfl (flononHMTenbHo) nonoaceHMe JS,JIB o6cy>KfleHMfl ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) no/io>KeHMe o6yneHMH

462 463 463

464 466

12

CoAepwaHMe

(06fl3aTe;ibHo ) UonoyKemie o6yMeHMH (flononHMTenbHoe ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpaaoieHMe ( 06H 3aTenbHo ) nojioacemie o6yneHMH ypOK 14. floMauiHee 3aflaHwe YpOK 15 34>(J)eKTMBHOCTb o6meHMHI HaCTb 1

.

roeopumb uueHHO mo, nmo xomenocb CKa3amb OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 15 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepna /ibi (06n 3aTenbHo ) nonoacemie o6yqeHMH (06n 3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa KHeHwe ^ (06fl3aTe/ibHo ) IIonoKeHMe o6yneHMH ( 06H3aienbHo ) riono ceHMe o6yneHMH ^ ( 06fl3aTenbHo) MwHM- ynpa>KHeHJie ( 06H3aTe;ibHo) riono ceHMe o6yqeHMH ^ ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) MMHM-ynpamieHMe ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) MnHM -ynpa >KHeHMe ypoK 15. floMauiHee 3aflaHwe ypOK 16. 34>KeHMH ypoxa 18 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwanw (06n 3aTenbHo ) lIono ceHMe ypoxa ^

473 476 477 479 492 492 492 492 493 496 497 498 499 500 501 503

506 506 506 507 510 512 515 523 537 537 537 538 539 540 541 548 549 552

570 570 571 571

CoflepwaHMe ( flono/iHMTe/ibHo) IIono>KeHMe o6cy>K qeHMH ( 06fl3aTe;ibHo ) IIonoKeHMe o6yneHMH (flononHMTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa HeHMe ^ YpoK 18. floManiHee aa aHiie YpoK 19. BanMAai MH fljin MHTerpaijMM coijMaTibHbix cnrHanoB OcHOBHbie no7io>KeHMH ypoKa 19 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepwanw ( 06a 3aTenbHo ) FIono^ceHMe o6yneHMH (flononHMTenbHo) IIo;io>KeHMe o6cy>KfleHMfl (06fl3aTe;ibHo ) Ilo/ioaceHMe o6yHeHMB (flono/iHMTenbHo) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa>KHeHMe ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) IIo/io>KeHMe o6yneHMH ( 06H3aTenbHo ) PoTieBan MMHM - Mrpa TpeHepoB ( 06n3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpaacHeHMe (06n3aTenbHo) IIo7io>KeHMe o6yneHMfl (flono/iHMTe/ibHo) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpamieHMe (flononHMTenbHo) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpaacHeHMe (flononHMTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa>KHeHMe ( 06a 3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpamieHMe (flononHMTenbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpa>KHeHne (06n3aTenbHo ) IIono^ceHMe o6yneHMH ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) MMHM -ynpa>KHeHMe YpoK 19. floManiHee 3aflaHwe YpoK 20. YicpeiuieHMe coijManbHbix CBH3ew: nacrb 1 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoxa 20 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepMa /ibi (flononHMTenbHo) nono^ceHMe o6yneHMH ( 06a 3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpamieHMe ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) IIo/io>KeHMe o6yneHMH (06a3aTenbHo) IIonoaceHMe o6yneHMH ( 06H3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpaacHeHwe ( 06H3aTenbHo ) riono>KeHMe o6yneHMH (06a3aTenbHo ) IIonoaceHMe o6yneHMH YpoK 20. floManiHee 3a aHMe YpoK 21. YnpenneHMe OTHOUICHHM: nacrb 2 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoxa 21 Heo6xo#MMbie MaTepwanw (06n 3aTenbHo ) IIo/io:>KeHMe oOyneHMfl ( 06a 3aTenbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa^KHeHwe (flononHMTenbHo ) Bonpoc Rim o6cy >KfleHMfl ( 06H3aTenbHo) fleMOHcrpaijMH rpynne HaBbiKOB “CoBnafleHMe + 1” (

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13 575 579 579 580 590 590 590 593 594 595 596

598 599 600 601 604 605 608 610 611 612 615 618 625 625 625 625 626 626 627 628 629 630 631 639 639 639 640 643 645 647

14

CoflepwaHMe

( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) IIono^ceHMe oOyneHim ( 06fl3aTe;ibHo) npaKTMHecKoe ynpa^CHeHMe YpoK 21. floManiHee 3aflaHwe ypOK 22. 06yHeHwe npu noMomu KoppeKTwpyiomeM o6paTHOH CBH3M OcHOBHbie nono)KeHMH ypoKa 22 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwa /ibi (06n3aTenbHo) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpa^CHeHMe ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) no/ioaceHMe o6yneHMH ( flononHMTenbHo ) IIono)KeHMe o6yHeHMH ( 06fl3aTe;ibHo) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpaaoieHMe ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) npaKranecKoe ynpaacHeHHe (flononHMTenbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpa cHeHMe ^ (06H3aTenbHo ) ITono^ceHMe oOyneHMH (06n3aTenbHo ) Ilono^ceHMe o6yneHMH ypoK 22. floMaumee 3aflaHwe ypOK 23. 06yMeHMe oco3HaHHOCTM: nacTb 1 Mutunenue npu eunepKonmpone ( noemopenue ypoKa 11 ) OcHOBHbie no7io)KeHMH ypoKa 23 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepwa /ibi ypoK 24. 06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacrb 2 HaebiKu “ Hmo” ( noemopenueypoKa 12 ) OcHOBHbie no7io)KeHMB ypoxa 24 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepwa /ibi

649 650 654 667 667 667 668 669 669 671 675 677 678 684 685 696

ypoK 25. 06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacrb 3 Kmoneeou naeuK oco3 Hannocmu KCIK : npu noMou u caMouccnedoeanux ( noemopenue ypoKa 13 ) OcHOBHbie no/iOKemm ypoxa 25 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwa /ibi ypoK 26. 06yneHMe oco3HaHHOCTM: nacTb 4 HaebiKu KeHMH ypoxa 26 Heo6xo,n; MMbie MaTepwa /ibi ypoK 27. 3aBMCTb M o6nffa OcHOBHbie nono>KeHMH ypoxa 27 Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwa /iw ( 06n3aTenbHo) IIono ceHMe o6YNEHMH ^ ( 06B3aTenbHo ) Bonpoc A /m o6cy>KAeHjm ( 06H3aTe/ibHo ) rio/ioaceHMe o6y4eHim ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) no/io>KeHne oOyneHMH ypoK 27. floMauiHee 3aaaHne

700

696 697 698 698 698

ÿ

^

700 700 702 702 703 704 704 704 704 707 707 709 714

CoflepwaHMe

YpOK 28. IJMHM3M, 03no6neHHOCTb M yXOA OcHOBHbie nojioaceHMH ypoxa 28 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepwanbi ( PeKOMeH yeTcn ) IIpaKTMKa oco3HaHHOCTM ( PeKOMeHflyeTcn ) IIpaKTMHecKoe MMHM - ynpa>KHeHMe ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) IIono)KeHMe o6yHeHMfl ( 06n3aTenbHo ) IIoTioaceHMe oOyneHMH ( 06n3aTenbHo ) IIo/ic»KeHMe oOyneHMH YpoK 28. floMamHee 3aflaHMe YpOK 29. yMeHne npomaTb OcHOBHbie no/ioaceHMH ypoxa 29 Heo6xoflMMbie MaTepna /ibi (06H3aTenbHo ) Bonpoc RJIX. o6cy>KfleHMfl ( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) IIpaKTMKa oco3HaHHocTM (06fl3aTe/ibHo ) Ilo/KmeHMe o6yneHMH ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo) rpynnoBoe ynpa>KHeHMe Ha pa3BMTMe oco3HaHHocTM ( 06H3aTenbHo ) IToncwKeHMe o6yneHMH ( 06n 3aTenbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpa>KHeHMe ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) rio;io:>KeHMe o6yneHMH YpoK 29. floMauiHee 3aflaHMe ypOK 30. MHTerpai MOHHan He e/m PO OcHOBHbie nonoaceHMH ypoKa 30 Heo6xoflMMbie MaiepManw PlHTerpai MOHHaH He e/ia. IlpMMepbi npaKTMK , HanpaB/ieHHbix Ha oc/ia6neHMe

^

^

^

^ ^ MHTerpai MOHHa^ HanpaBneHHbie ^ ^e m. IIpaKTMKM M no ioxceHMH oOyneHMfl,OTHomeHun Ha pa3BMTMe CIIOCOOHOCTM ycTaHaBTiMBaTb M noflflep noflaB/unomero KOHTpo/ui He

/

ypoK 30. floManiHee 3aflaHMe

PICTOMHHKU MH ( j)OpMaL|MM

15 720 720 720 721 722 724 725 725 732

739 739 739 740 740 741 743 745 753 755 757 773 773 773 778

/

^KMBaTb

781 787

789

CnwcoK pa3AaTOHHbix MaTepwaAOB

6

M Ta AMi;

PaflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb. Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepna /i 1.1 TecT Popmaxa

126

PaflMKa^ bHa « OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3,qaTOHHbm MaTepna /11.2 HTO TaKoe paflMKa ^ bHaH OTKpbiTocTb

PaAHKa

/ibHa

^

127

. Pa 3flaTOHHbm MaTepna /i 1.3

OTKpbiTocTb

06yneHMe npw IIOMOIAM caMOMCCTieflOBaHMfl PaflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb. Pa3flaTOMHbiM Maiepwa /i 1.4 OcHOBHbie no7io>KeHMH ypoKa 1. Paflmca /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb PaflMKa^ bHaa OTKpbITOCTb. Pa60 MMM Jll/ICT 1.A Mw ( j) bi 3aKocTeHenoro pa3yMa PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 60MMM Jll/ICT 1.6 IMOKMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHHo: Tpw rnara K >KM3HM C paftmca /ibHOM

128 131 132

135

OTKpbITOCTbK)

PaflMKa ^ bHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 6oMUM Jll/ICT 1.B

3a M npOTMB OTKpbITOCTM M 3aKpbITOCTM RJlft HOBOrO onbua

PaflMKajibHan OTKpbiTocTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbM MaTepi/iaji 2.1 HewpoperynHTOpHaH MOfle/ib SMOIJMM PO flllT PaflMKa bHafl OTKpbiTocTb. Pa3flaTOMHbM MaTepi/iaji 2.2 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 2. noHMMamie SMOIJMM

^

PaflMKa^ bHafl OTKpbITOCTb. PaGOMMM Jll/ICT 2.A

OnpeAeneHMe pa3nMHHbix HewpOHHbix cy6cTpaTOB

140 156 159

160

PaflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbM MaTepnaji 3.1 I43MeHeHMe coipia;ibHoro B3aMMOAeMCTBMH nocpeflCTBOM M3MeHeHMa

j

179

( )M 3MOnOrMM

PaflMKa ^

bHaH OTKpbiTocTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbm Maiepna /i

3.2

MarKaii ynw6Ka fljin Bbipa ^ceHMH TOTOBHOCTM coTpyflHMHaTb PaflUKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb. Pa3flaTOMHbM MaTepi/iaji 3.3 OcHOBHbie nonoKeHMfl ypoxa 3. AKTMBau;MH ciicTeMbi coLjMa /ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM PaflMKa^ bHaa OTKpbITOCTb. Pa60 MMM Jll/ICT 3.A

AlCTMBaiJMfl CMCTeMbI COIJMaTIbHOM 6e30IiaCH0CTM PaflUKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb. Pa3flaTOMHbm MaTepnan 4.1 CKpMITT MJIfl

182

183

184

192

CnncoK pa 3,qaTOHHbix MaTepna /iOB n Ta6/inu

PaflUKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbm Maiepna/i 4.2 OCHOBHbie n 07I0>KeHMH ypOKa 4. IlOBbimeHMe ypOBHH OTXpbITOCTM M KanecTBa MOX /IMHHOCTHMX OTHomeHMM npw noMomM MJIfl PaflMKajibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 6oHUM /IUCT 4.A EaceflHeBHan npaxTMxa MTlfl PaflMKa/ibHa « OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbiii Maiepna /i 5.1 AKTMBHoe npMMeHeHMe HOBMX ( j> opM noBe eHHH. TM6KMM pa3yM MEHAETCH

^

PaflMKa^bHa^ OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbii/i Maiepna /i 5.2 OnwpaeMCH Ha omymeHMH flna MCcne

^OBaHMH TOTOBHOCTM ynuTbcn

PaflUKa ^ bHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepna /i 5.3

HcXyCCTBO HenpOflyKTMBHOCTM M B03M0>KH0CTb nOflypaHMTbCH PaflUKajibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepna /i 5.4 Mbi no/iyna /iM yflOBo/ibCTBMe paHbrne ? CaMOMCcneflOBaHMe B OTHomeHMM

17

196 197

219

223

225

227

lOMopa M nrpbi

PaAHKa/ibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbm Maiepna/i 5.5 OcHOBHbie nojioaceHMH ypoxa 5. AXTMBHOC npMMeHeHMe HOBMX cj)opM 230

noBefleHMH

PaflUKa /ibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa6oMnw /IUCT 5.A AXTMBHOC npMMeHeHMe HOBMX (J)opM noBe

^

. TM6KMM pa3yM MEHAETCH

eHMa

231

PaflMKanbHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa6oHnn /in CT 5.5

HenpOflyKTMBHOCTb M AHeBHMK HOBbIX (J)OpM nOBefleHMH Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepna /i 6.1 HyBCTBa B03HMKai0T He 6e3 npMHMHM Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepna /i 6.2 He TO/ibKO nyBCTBa MMCIOT 3HaneHne Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepna /i 6.3 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoxa 6. Kax nyBCTBa npMxoflflT HaM Ha noMonjb Pa 6oMnn /IUCT 6.A MM(J)M rMnepxoHTpojiH o nyBCTBax Pa 6oHnn /incr 6.5 06o3HaneHMe nyBCTB npM noMon/ M HepBHbix cy6cTpaTOB Pafluxa /ibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbin Maiepna/i 7.1 OcHOBHbie nono)xeHMH ypoxa 7. IIoHMMaHMe coB/ia aHM /i nocpeflCTBOM TK PaAnxa /ibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa6onnn /IUCT 7.A TMnepXOHTpOTIb MO)XeT BOMTM B npMBbIHXy PaAnxa /ibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 6oMnn /IUCT 7.5 nOMCX npMBbIHHbIX CnOCo6oB COBTiaftaHM /I Pa 3AaTOMHbii/i Maiepna /i 8.1 IlneMH MMeeT 3HaneHMe. FIoHMMaHMe nyBCTBa OTBep^xeHHOCTM

^

M

COAManbHbIX 3M 01/ MM

235 248 250 252

253 256 267

268 269

293

18

CnucoK pa 3flaTOHHbix Maiepna/iOB M

6nm

ja

Pa 3flaTOHHbM Maiepnan 8.2 IIpoTOTMnMHHoe Bbipa^ceHwe SMOIJMM PA 3flaTOMHbm Maiepua/i 8.3 PMTYAJI ocy^cfleHMH Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepua /i 8.4 IM6KMM pa3yM MYflP. Pa6oTa c nyBCTBOM CTbi a, CMymeHMH ^ M oTBep ceHHOCTM MTIM npeHe6pe>KeHMfl ^ Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepua/i 8.5 Illica/ia oijeHKM HHTCHCMBHOCTM coijMa/ibHbix SMOIJMM B PO HUT Pa 3flaTOMHbM Maiepua/i 8.6 CnrHanbi He flOMMHMpOBaHMH Pa 3flaTOMHbM Maiepua /i 8.7 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoxa 8. rineMH MMeeT 3HaHeHMe Pa6oHMM JIMCT 8.A HaBbiKM TM6KMM pa3yM MYflP” Pa 3,qaTOMHbM Maiepua/i 9.1 OTKpbiToe caMOBbipa^KeHMe — flOBepwe — coijMa/ibHbie CBH3M PA 3flaTOMHbiM Maiepua/i 9.2 HM nepe/ oxpyacaiomMMM ^ Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepua i 9.3

Bbipa^ceHPie SMOI

295

296

297

303 306

307 308 329 331

j

/

OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoxa 9. CoijManbHbie cwrHanbi MMCIOT 3HaneHMe! Pa6oMMM /II/ICT 9.A IIpaKTMKa npOHBneHMH SMOIJMM npw noMomw Bbipa^ceHMH nnu;a Pa3flaTOHHbm Maiepua/i 10.1

Tppi KaHana BbipaaceHM/i nyBCTB M SMOIJMM

332

333 346

PA 3flaTOMHbM Maiepua /i 10.2

JIMIJO B Tonne

347

Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepua/i 10.3 Mcnonb30BaHwe coi/ wa/ibHbix curaa/iOB fl/in >KM3HM B COOTBCTCTBUM C Co 6cTBeHHbIMM IjeHHOCTHMM Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepua/i 10.4 OcHOBHbie nono>KeHMH ypoxa 10. Mcnonb30BaHne coijMa/ibHbix cwrHa/iOB fl /in )KM3HM B COOTBeTCTBHM C Co 6cTBeHHbIMM IjeHHOCTBMM PaOOMMM J1MCT 10.A IM6KHM pa3yM HI4CT. Onpefle/ieHMe ijeHHocTHbix i e/iew PaOoHMM JIMCT 10.5 IH6KHH pa3yM HMCT PaflMKa /ibHaa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepua/i 11.1 Mbim/ieHne npw mnepKOHTpone

^

348

353 354 360

383

CrmcoK pa3flaT0HHbix MaTepnajiOB M Ta 6jinp

19

PaAHKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbm Maiepna/i 11.2 OTHOCMTecb no-Ao6poMy K 3aKOCTeHe/iOMy MbimjieHMK) PaflUKa^ bHaB OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3AaTOHHbm MaTepna/i 11.3 YHMTecb npM noMOiAM (Jjaia/iMCTMMHoro MbinineHMa PaAHKa/ibHa^ OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3A3TOMHbiM MaTepnaji 11.4 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 11. OOyneHMe oco3HaHHOCTM: nacTb 1 PaAHKa^ bHaa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa60HW/l JIUCT 11.A OTHOCMTecb no-flo6 pOMy K npoHB/ieHMHM 3aKocTeHenoro Mbiiu /ieHMJi PaAHKa /lbHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa60HMM JIUCT 11.5

PlAMTe HanepeKop ( jjaTajiMCTMHHOMy MbimneHMio PaAHKajibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3A9TOMHbM MaTepnaji 12.1 HaBbiK “ necTHoro omicaHMfl ”: KOHTMHyyM oco3HaHHOCTM

PaAHKa/ibHa^ OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3AaTOMHbm MaTepnaji 12.2

OcHOBHbie nojioaceHMH ypoKa 12. 06yneHMe oco3HaHHOcm: nacTb 2 PaAHKa^ bHa^ OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa60MHM JIUCT 12.A HaBbiKM “oTKpbiToro Ha6nK)AeHMa” PaAHKaJlbHaa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa60MHM J1MCT 12.B

BBefleHMe flejiTenbHOCTM 6e3 njiaHwpoBaHMH B npMBbiHKy Pa 6oMni/i JIMCT 12.B Tpw HaBbiKa HTO : AHCBHMK e>KeAHeBHOM npaKTMKM HaBbiKOB “oTKpbiToro HaOniofleHii/i” “necTHoro onMcaHiia” M wHe3 an;iaHMpOBaHHOM flejrrejibHOcm” PaAHKajibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3AaTOMHbm MaTepnaji 13.1 KTHOHCBOM HaBbiK 0C03HaHH0CTM “ KaK ”: nppi noMomM caMOMecneflOBaHMH PaAHKaJibHa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3AaTOHHbm MaTepwaji 13.2

^

384

386 388

389 392

426 429 430 433

434

455 457

KyjIbTHBWpOBaHMe 3ApaBOM flOJIM COMHeHMM PaAHKajibHaa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3AaTOMHbm MaTepnaji 13.3

IIpaKTMKa caMOwccneAOBaHMH M caMopacKpbiTMH PaAHKajibHa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3AaTOMHbm MaTepwaji 13.4 ^ OcHOBHbie no;ic»KeHMH ypoKa 13. OOyneHMe oco3HaHHOCTM: nacTb 3 PaAHKajibHa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 6om/m JIUCT 13.A ^ npaKTMKa KTHOHCBOTO HaBbiKa oco3HaHHocTM “Kan”: npw noMomu caMOMCcneAOBaHMH PaAHKajibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3AaTOHHbm MaTepnaji 14.1 HeTbipe HaBbiKa PO “ KaK ” PaAHKajibHaa OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3AaTOMHbm MaTepwaji 14.2 CaMOMCcneflOBaHwe AJIH M3y4eHMH pe3Kwx cy eHHM PaAHKajibHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa3A3TOHHbM MaTepnaji 14.3 OcHOBHbie nono>KeHHJi ypoKa 14. 06yneHMe oco3HaHHOcra: nacTb 4 PaAHKaJlbHafl OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa60HMI/l JIUCT 14.A IIpaKTMKa HaBbiKOB PO “KaK”

^

459

460

461 480 482 484

485

20

CnucoK pa 3flaT0HHbix MaTepna /iOB M TaO/imi,

PaflMKa /ibHa ^ OTKpbuocTb. Pa3flaTOMHbm MaTepna /i 15.1 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 15. 3(J)(J) eKTMBHOCTb o6meHMH: nacrb 1 PaflUKa^ bHa ^ OTKpbITOCTb. Pa60 HI/IM J1 HCT 15.A

504

Pacno3HaBaHMe MHOCKa3aHMM

505

PaflMKajibHaa OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbm MaTepna /i 16.1 BbiHBTieHMe peaKi MM “OrraTiKMBaHMe” M “ He flejiaiiTe MHe 6o/ibHo”

524

^

PaflMKa^ bHaR OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOMHbm MaTepna /i 16.2

CaMOMCcne OBaHMe pnn. M3yneHMH noBeAeHMH, xapaKTepHoro AHA peaKijMM “Orra /iKHBaHMe” M “ He AenaMTe MHe 6onbHo” PaflMKaHbHan OTKpbuocTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepnan 16.3 OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 16. 3(J) cJ)eKTMBHocTb o6meHMfl: nacTb 2. IM6KMM pa3yM HM M3 Hero He flenaeT CEKPET PaflMKaJlbHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 60MMM J1MCT 16.A IM6KMM pa3yM HM M3 Hero He Ae/iaeT CEKPET PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa60 HMI/l J1MCT 16.5

^

526

530 531

536

BbiflBneHMe TaMHoro acenaHMfl Aep>KaTb Bee nop, KOHTpo/ieM

PaflMKanbHaH OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbm MaTepi/ian 17.1 npOHBneHMe 6o/IbIIieM A 6pOTbI, 3({)4) eKTMBHOCTM M 6;iM30CTM npM nOMOII M TM6KMM pa 3yM 3A)KI4 rAeT” PaflMKaHbHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbM MaTepnan 17.2 HaBbiKOB

HoBoroflHee oOenjaHMe PaflMKaHbHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbm MaTepna /117.3 CnrHanbi nerKOCTM

PaflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbii/i MaTepna /i 17.4

^

553 558 559

OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH ypoKa 17. 3( jx})eKTMBHOCTb o6meHMH 560 PaAHKa /ibHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 6oHHM JIMCT 17.A AHa /IM3 MM( j) OB O MOKTIMHHOCTHbIX OTHOHieHMHX 561 / HMM . 7.6 60 JIMCT lbHafl Pa 1 OTKpbITOCTb PaflMKa 564 flo6poTa npe>KAe Bcero / . . 7 60 PaflMKa lbHaH OTKpbITOCTb Pa MMM JIMCT 1 B I4cnojib30BaHMe HaBbiKOB TM6KMM pa 3yM 3A)KHraeT” pnn npoHB/ieHMH 6onbineM 566 Ao6pOTbI, 34) cj)eKTMBHOCTM M 6/IM30 CTM PaflMKa/ibHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbM MaTepMaji 18.1 CaMOMccneflOBaHMe B OTHomeHMM HaBH3HMBbix pa3MbimneHMM noc;ie OOIACHMH 581 PaflUKaMbHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3AaTOHHbm MaTepna /118.2 OcHOBHbie nOnO^KeHMH ypoKa 18. OTKpbITOCTb M HaCTOMHMBOCTb 583 PaAHKanbHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa6oHMM JIMCT 18.A npOHBTIHM HaCTOMHMBOCTb, COXpaHHH OTKpbITOCTb. IM6KMM pa3yM YHOPEH 584 Pa 3 / . 119.1 OTKpbITOCTb MaTepna PaAHKanbHan AaTOHHbm OcHOBHbie no7io>KeHMH ypoKa 19. npM3HaHMe pnn MHTerpaijMM coijMa;ibHbix CMTHaTIOB 619

CrmcoK pa 3,qaTOHHbix MaTepna /iOB M Ta 6/inu

21

PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa60HMI/l J1MCT 19.A FM6KMM pa3 yM BanMflMpyeT: ceMb ypoBHew PaflMKa^ bHaB OTKpbuocTb. Pa 3flaTOMHbm Maiepnan 20.1 CaMOMcc /ieflOBaHwe HeflOBepua PaflUKa^ bHaa OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOMHbM MaTepna/i 20.2

TepMOMeTp 6nM30CTM

PaAHKa^ bHaB OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOMHbm Maiepna/i 20.3 HeM OT/iMHaeTCH HacTOHiii,aH Apy>K 6a

PaflMKa/ibHa ^ OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3flaTOHHbM Maiepna/1 20.4

OcHOBHbie nono>KeHMH ypoKa 20. YKpen/ieHMe coAManbHbix CBH3 ew: nacTb 1 PaflMKa^ bHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 3AaTOHHbm Maiepna/1 21.1 YKpenneHwe coijMa/ibHbix CBH3eii npM noMomu HaBbiKOB TH6KHH pa3yM n03BOnHeTM PaAHKa^ bHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3AaTOMHbm MaTepna /1 21.2 IIlKana oijeHKM “CoBnafleHMe + 1” PaAMKa/lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3AaTOHHbM MaTepMa^ 21.3

620 632 634 635

638

655 660

HaBbiKM “CoBnafleHMe + 1” ATIH nocrpoeHMH HOBWX M/IM yKpen/ieHMH

661

cyiAecTByioiAMX OTHOIHCHMM

. Pa3AaTOMHbm Maiepna/i 21.4 PaAHKa OcHOBHbie no7io>KeHiiH ypoxa 21. YKpen/ieHne coijna/ibHbix CBH3en: nacTb 2 PaAHKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb. PaOOMUM Jll/ICT 21.A npaKTMKa HaBbiKOB TM6KMM pa3yM n03BO/meT” /ibHaa OTKpbITOCTb

663

664

PaAHKajibHaa OTKpbuocTb. Pa3AaTOHHbM MaTepna/i 22.1

OTKpbITOCTb o 6paTHOM CBH3M. TMOKHM pa3yM AflAIITMpyeTCH

686

PaAHKa/ibHan OTKpbITOCTb. Pa3AaTOMHbm Maiepna/i 22.2 Iilam OAeHKM oOpaTHow CBH3M: npMHjrme pemeHun o npwHHTMM M7IM OTKHOHeHMM o 6paTHOM CBH3M PaAHKa/ibHan OTKpbuocTb Pa3AaTOMHbm Maiepna/i 22.3 OcHOBHbie no/io>KeHMH ypoKa 22. 06yHeHne npM noMomu KoppeKTupyiomew o 6paTHOH CBH3M PaAHKaHbHaH OTKpbITOCTb. PaOOMMM J1HCT 22 A llpaKTMKa HaBbiKOB TM6KMM pa3yM AflAIlTMpyeTCH”

689

.

691

.

692

PaAHKa /ibHan OTKpbuocTb. Pa3AaTOHHbm Maiepna/i 27.1 OcHOBHbie no/ioxceHMH ypoKa 27. 3aBMCTb M o6 wAa

715

PaAHKaJlbHaa OTKpbITOCTb. Pa60HMI/l Jll/ICT 27.A

npoTMBOAeMCTBMe 6ecnone3HOM 3aBMCTM. FM6KMM pa3yM CMEET ( oTnyacaTb) 716

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32

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34

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35

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37

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rpa(J) MK B COOTBeTCTBMM C (J)MHaHCOBbIMM

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SMOijnn M

He COOTBeTCTByeT BHyTpeHHMM OmyillieHMHM ) HaCTO BbI3bIBaiOT HeflOBepMe M7IM

[ Boone & Buck , 2003; English & John, 2013; Kernis & ] Goldman , 2006 M accoijnnpyeTCfl co CHM>xeHHon cnoco6HOCTbio ycTaHaBHMBaTb coi ManbHbie CBH3M [ Mauss et al , 2011]. HenpnMbie coijnanbHbie cnrHanbi npe nHTCTByiOT (J) OpMMpOBaHMK) OTHOHieHMM, nOTOMy HTO OHM yC7IO>KHHK)T nOHMMaHMe MCTMHHHX BHyTpeHHMx HaMepeHnn nenoBexa ( HanpMMep, HaxMypeHHbie 6poBM MoryT Bbipa >xaTb 3aMHTepecoBaHHOCTb MTIM HecornacMe ). Ba>XHO TO, HTO HIOFLH, XpOHMHeCXM nOflaBnHK) HJ, Me npOHBTieHMH HyBCTB, no epaBHeHMK) C TeMM, XTO He noflaB/ineT 3MOijnoHa 7ibHbix nponBneHnn, no MX co6 cTBeHHbiM cnoBaM, HyBCTByx)T ce6n Hea exBaTHbiMM, M MM xa >xeTcn , HTO OHM co3flax>T /iomioe BnenaTneHMe o TOM, XTO OHM ecTb Ha caMOM Rene [ Gross & John, 2003]. W Bee ace HenpnMbie MHM 3aMacxMpoBaHHbie coijna /ibHbie cnrHa /ibi oxa 3biBax)T MonjHoe

omynjeHne

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38

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48

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. TpeHepbi He To/ibxo npeflCTaBMTiM 6bi/io MrpaTb Ha xaxcAOM 3AHHTMM; caMM npaBM ;ia wrpbi Tpe 6 oBanM npepbiBaTb o6yneHMe HaBbixaM PO RJM TOTO, HTO6BI noan no MpoBaTb no6 ewnemo M 3anwcaTb Ha Aocxe c/ieAyx)mee C/IOBO M /IM 4)Pa3YK TOMy >xe BMCCTO npaxTMXM “AeATe/ibHOCTM 6e3 n /iaHMpoBaHMA ” B wipe npw BeTCTBOBanMCb MynbTM3aflaHHOCTb M yMeHMe npo yMbiBaTb CBOM rnarM Hanepe . K CHaCTbK), MHCTpyXTOpbl M3 3TOrO peaTIbHOrO npMMepa 6bICTpO M3MCHM 7IM CBOM CTMJIb o6yneHMB B COOTBeTCTBMM C peXOMeHAaiJMAMM CBOerO KOHCynbTaHTa no o6yHeHMio PO M npM3Ha /iMCb B CBOMX omn 6 Kax Ha 3aHATMM Ha cneAyiomeM Helene. Mrpa npeBpaTM /iacb RJVI rpynnbi B MeTacJiopy, CMMBO/iM3MpyiomyK) Ba>xHOCTb 3a,qaBaHMB BonpocaMM, a 3aTeM M B necHio c 3aro/iOBXOM “ Hey >xe7iM Tax Bece/io 3a 3HaBaTbCA ? ” Bo BpeMH cynepBM3nn TpeHepbi HaBbixoB PO Mcno/ib30 Ba /rn 3TOT onbiT B xanecTBe BO3MO>XHOCTM eme pa3 3aAaTb ce 6e Ba >XHbie Bonpo cw, HTO nocny>XM 7io TO/IHXOM X /iMHHOMy M npocjieccMOHa /ibHOMy pocTy. Hanpn Mep, caMOMccne OBaHMe no3BO/iM /io OAHOMy M3 TpeHepoB oco3HaTb, HTO ero He ^cenaHMe cneAOBaTb MHCTpyxiiMAM OTHBCTM Bbi3BaHO nepeyTOM/ieHMeM (“O, HCT! To/ibxo He eme OAMH cnoco6 /IENEHMA, xoTopbin Hy>xHO M3ynaTb!” ) , Tor a xax BTopoM TpeHep coo6mnn o conpoTMB/ieHMM Heo6xoAMMOCTM c/ieAOBaTb MH OMMHMpoBana 3 ^wrpy Tax, HTO 6M

HaHMTe/ibHyio nacTb 3aHHTMA B Hee MO>XHO

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CTpyXLJMM, nOTOMy HTO CHMTan 3TO npOHBTieHMeM HeXOMneTeHTHOCTM M /IM

naran, HTO CMO>xeT Bbirnn

no-

yMHee, ec/in 6y eT Bbipa caTb x /noneBbie , HTO HexoTopbie TpeHepw pemaiOT He Mnw . BbiHCHMnocb CBOMMM cnoBaMn npMHi cne oBaTb MHCTpyxi MHM M3-3a npeAmecTBOBaBinero o6yHeHMH, B COOTBCTCTBMM c xoTopbiM onbiTHbie TepaneBTbi noxa3biBax)T nyHinne pe3ynbTaTbi, xor a flen CTByioT cnoHTaHHO. flpyrne coo6bmanM o cMymeHMM vum flMcxoM opTe B CBH3M

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eTb HaMHoro

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c OTflenbHbiMM acnexTaMM NEHCHMH ( HanpMMep, Heo6xo,n;MMafl cocTaBTiniomaH o6yneHMH 3TO poneBan Mrpa MHM Bbipa3MTenbHoe HTeHMe). Ho He3aBMCMMO OT npMHMH, npMBefleHHaH B STOM pa3 ene MH (J) opMai;MH HBnneTCH no TBep cfleHMeM ^

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f /iaBal . Ea 30BbienpMHunnbi , o63opcnoco6oBJieHeHMfl M mo6a /ibHaflCTpyKTypa . ..

55

oco6oro 3HaMeHMH caMOMCc/ie OBaHWH B Tex aiynanx, xor#a uoxBjixejcx >xenaHMe He c/ieflOBaTb HHCTpyxijMflM 3Toro pyKOBOACTBa. Hn >xe npnBefleHbi npnMepw noAo6Hbix BonpocoB. • HaCXO/IbXO X B fleMCTBHTe/IbHOCTH cne yio MHCTpyXIjnflM pyKOBOflCTBa no TpeHMHry HaBbIKOB PO? HaCKOTIbKO CMTIbHyiO SHeprMK) n /in conpoTMBTie Hne x naibiTbiBaio, Kor a 3a ,o;aK) Cb STMM BonpocoM? HTO STO MO>XCT cxa 3aTb o Moeit TOTOBHOCTM n 3ynaTb HOBbie no#xoflbi B Tepannn ? HeMy MHe Heo6xo,n;nMO HaynuTbca ? " HTO Taxoro crpaniHoro MO>xeT c/iyHHTbcn, earn x 6yay c/ie OBaTb HH CTpyKl MHM? • B xaxoii CTeneHn Moe nponmoe o6yneHne B/IHHCT Ha Moe noBefleHne H / H /IM OTKpbiTOCTb o6yneHMK) PO flnT? HTO STO MO>xeT 3HannTb RJIX MCHH xax p,nx nenoBexa, 3a6oTHmerocn o ncnxHnecxoM a opoBbe flpyrnx? • HacKOTibKo x 6bm OTxpbiT, xorfla BnepBbie M3ynan PO flllT? Pl3MeHii7iocb im Moe cocTOHHne oTxpbiTocra c Tex nop ? HTO 3TO MO>xeT cxa3aTb 060 MHe? HeMy MHe CTOHT HaynnTbCH ? • C KaxpiMn KTnoneBbiMM npuHijunaMH vum MeTO aMn B03flencTBHH PO x He cor /iaceH nnn xaxne M3 HMX CHMTax) /iomibiMM ? Hacxonbxo x npn ep>KMBaK> cb a /ibTepHaTHBHon MOflenn /ieneHUH ? Kax 3TO MO>xeT cxa3aTbcn Ha MoeM o6yneHnn n /in OIOCO6HOCTJI noMoraTb flpyrnM ? HTO X Mory y3HaTb HOBoro o ce6e ? • Hacxonbxo x y6e>xfleH B TOM, HTO HecnpaBefljiMBO Tpe6oBaTb OT MCHH neTxoro cneflOBaHMH HHCTpyxijnHM, ynuTbiBan MOM onbiT, noflroTOBxy nnn TanaHT? HeMy MHe cne yeT HayHHTbCfl ?

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3aKAK)HeHwe ( ) (]) exTnBHOCTb B npeoflo/ieHnn npo PO flllT Ha npaxTnxe floxa3a;ia CBOK) 3| 6neM , CBH 3aHHbix c rnnepxoHTponeM. B Mepax BoaflencTBMH PO flFIT oco6bin axi eHT flenaeTCH Ha coi nanbHon npnpofle Hamero BM a n 3HaHeHnn npocoi n anbHbix cnrHanoB, caMoncc/ieflOBaHna n yMeHnn cTponTb OTHomeHMH RJIX omyui eniAx co 6 cTBeHHoro 6narononynnH . Banana STOH maBbi 3axnx)naeTCH B TOM, ^ HTO 6M flaTb xpaTxnn o 63op xnx) HeBbix npnHi nnoB PO \ J IYT n CTpyxTypHbix , 3/ieMeHTOB XOTOpbie Heo 6xOflHMO npMHMMaTb BO BHMMaHHe npn o6yHeHMM Ha BbixaM PO B paMxax xnnHnHecxon nporpaMMbi .

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/\waAeKTMKa, paAwxaAbHaa OTKpbITOCTb M CaMOMCCAeAOBaHMe CTMIB neneHHH B PO flllT BO MHoroM o6yc/iOB/ieH TpeMH xnx)HeBbiMM| < > M;IO-

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f/iaBa 2. flua /ieKTMKa ,

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M3 npoTMBopenMM ( npoTMBOfleMCTByiomMX

3. IIoCTeneHHbie M3MeHeHMH npMBO HT K XpM3MCy M nOBOpOTHOM TOHKe, B KOTopoii o,n;Ha M3 CMTI noGox aeT cBoero npoTMBHMxa. 4. Mpip xonwcTHHeH, B HCM Bee CBH3aHO. 5. I43MeHeHMH npoMexoflflT nocTO^ HHO B pe3y;ibTaTe nocTynKOB (T.e. npoTM Bonono cHOCTM BUMHIOT flpyr Ha flpyra M CO BpeMeHeM M 3MeHflioTCH ).

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flllT TepaneBT Mcnonb3yeT npMHijMnbi ftManexTMXM

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6onee xoMnnexcHO M TM6 XO. IIpMMep ManeKTHHecKoro MbiuineHMn MM MO>xeM yBM,n;eTb B HaBbixe eaMOMCcneflOBaHMH, xoTopMM 6yqeT onMcaH 6onee fleTanbHo Ranee B STOW rnaBe. IIoflo6HMM cnoco6 caMono3HaHMH Tpe 6yeT IDTOBHOCTM CTaBMTb no# coMHeHwe co6( ) pycTpaijMM CTBeHHbie y6e>x o;eHMH , BoenpnHTMe, no6yacfleHMn M noBefleHMe 6e3| MTiM OTKa3a OT aKTMBHbix CMCTBMM. flManexTMHecxoe HanpiDKeHMe npe nonaraeT co 6niOAeHMe 6anaHca Me>x,n;y OBepMeM M HeflOBepMeM nMHHOMy BocnpMHTMio MTIM cnoco6aM coBnaflaHMn nenoBexa, coxpaHnn npM STOM OTKpMTOCTb o6yneHMK) npM noMonjM o6 paTHOM CBH3M , nycTb M He Bcer,o;a npMHTHOM. KUMCHTM c IK , CKTIOHHbl aBTOMaTMHeCKM paCIjeHMBaTb eo 6cTBeHHbie MHTepnpeTaiJiMM eo6 bITMM B KanecTBe a6 coniOTHOM MCTMHM MTIM HeocnopMMoro (JraxTa, nacTO 6e3 McnoTib30 BaHMH flManeKTMHecKoro MbiniTieHMfl He cnoco6HM BoenpMHMMaTb npaxTMxy

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1 . HenoKO/ie 6 wMaH y6e>KAeHHOCTb npoTMB ycTynHMBoro OTnycxaHWH 2. MrpnBaH HenoHTHTe/ibHOCTb npoTHB conyBCTByiomen cepbe3Hocra B cneAyK)nj, nx AByx pa 3Aenax onncaHO, KaK MO>KHO MX wcnonb30BaTb < )(J)eKTnBHOCTn neneHnn. flllT A^IH MaKCMMH3au;nn 3|

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Pi/ic. 2.1 . fluaneKTHMecKoe Mbiw/ieHne B PO fllTT

fhaBa 2. flna /ieKTMKa ,

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paflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb M caMonccjie,qoBaHMe

HenoKOAetiunan ySeAcdenHocmt npomu6 ycmynnuSozo omnycKauun S mepanuu

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HenoKone6uM.ax y6eMdennocmb npomue ycmynnueoeo omnycKanun STO , ; Kor a cne KMBaTbCH noHMMaHMH Toro ieKTMHecKafl ieMMa / / n ep , yeT npM flwa flM ^ co6cTBeHHOM )0pMy7iMp0BKM npw KOHijenTya;iH3aijHM cnynaeB, TeopeTMHecKHx MHcaMTax i/ini/i NMHOM y6e)KfleHMM npw pa6 oTe c K /nieHTaMM c TK RJIX . Mo e/m pOBaHMB KTIIOHeBblX IipMHIJMnOB PO, nOTOep^CaHMB BOBTieHeHHOCTM , BOCCTaHOBTieHMB TepaneBTMHecKoro anbHHca M / M /IM 3apo>KfleHHH B03M0>KH0 CTeM HOBoro pocTa, a Kor a CTOMT npn ep^aiBaTbCB npoTMBonono^cHOM CTpaTerwM noBeFLEHMH. OHa ocHOBbiBaeTCB Ha Bceo 6T> eM /iK) meM npuHijiine PO flnT, coraacHO KOTopoMy Kax TepaneBT, TaK M naijneHT npuHOCHT c CO6 OM B TepaneBTHnecKyio cpe,qy flBOHCTBeHHOCTb BOCnpMHTMH, M HTO 3Ta flBOMCTBeHHOCTb BTIHHeT KaK Ha TepaneBTMHecKne OTHomeHHH , Tax n Ha pe3ynbTaT /IENEHHH . TaKMM o6pa30M, cnoco6HocTb pacno3HaTb M yMeHwe BOBpeMH npM3HaTb £B0ncTBeHH0CTb BOCTepaneBTa B npwBTMB BBTiaeTCB HeM36e)KHOM waneKTHHecKOM AwneMMOM cnynae, earn OH: 1) HacTpoeH Ha (J)opMMpoBaHne cnnbHoro TepaneBTunecKoro anbBHca ( B PO flllT MCXO HT M3 npe,u;nono>KeHMB, HTO paOoHiin anbHHC c K /meH TOM MO ceT B 03HMKHyTb He paHee 14 - ro ceaHca ); 2) xoneT acjD eKTMBHO Mo enM ^ poBaTb paflMKa /ibHyio OTKpbiTOCTb; i/i 3) HaMepeH npe,n;/iaraTb a /ibTepHaTHBHbie cnoco6 w flnn npMBbiHHbix KCT 6 biTb cno^CHbiM n flaace 6one3HeHHbiM Bbi6opoM Run. TepaneBTa ). K TOMy >Ke Bee enje 6onee ycnomm eT TO, HTO TepaneBTy Hen 36 e>KHO npwcyma onpefleneHHan ABoncTBeHHOCTb, TaK KaK ponb nenoBeKa, KOTopwM 3a6 oTMTCB o 3flopoBbe ApyrMx, o6n 3aTenbHO BneneT 3a CO 6 OM Heo6xo,ijMMOCTb 4> opMnpoBaHMH npo( j)eccMOHa;ibHoro MHCHMH O npo6/ieMe KnneHTa M nynineM cnoco6e ee npeoflOJieHna, M3BecTHoro TaK ^ce nofl Ha3BaHweM Kom enmyanusai uK cnynan. B eMCTBMTenbHocTM KOHijenTya 7in 3a I MK) c/Tynan CHMTaiOT OCHOBOM flOKa 3aTe/ibHon Tpa Mi Mn ” [ Bieling & Kuyken, 2003, p. 53]. TepaneBTOB O6MHHO oOynaioT cHHTaTb KOHu;enTya;m3aijHK) cnynaeB

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f/iaBa 2. flna/ieKTMKa , paAMKa/ibHaa OTKpbiTocTb M caMoncc/ieAOBaHne

61

o6paTHan CB>i 3b OT oxpy>xeHMH nnn OT x /ineHTa no3BonneT npeAnono>XHTb, HTO B KOHi enTyanw 3ai Mio 3Toro cnynaH 3axpa /iacb omn6xa . 3AopoBaB flonfl coMHeHMM KTnoHeBan xomjenijMfl PO flriT ( CM. ypoK 13), xoTopan A ^eT TepaneBTy BHyTpeHHe corTiacoBaHHyio B03MO>KHOCTb OTxa3aTbcn OT KOHTponH 6e3 Hen36 e>KHOH Heo6xoAMMOCTM c/io)KMTb c ce 6n npocJreccnoHaTib Hbie noTiHOMOHMH HTIH B o6H3aTe/ibHOM nop A e oT6pocwTb npeAbiAymyio TOH ^ ^ Ky 3peHMB ( CM. ypoK 1). BOT npnMep npenMynjecTB ycTynnnBoro OTnycxaHnn. B OAHOM M3 HaniMX ncc/ieAOBaHMH TepaneBT coo6mn;ia KOMaHAe KOHcynbTaH TOB, HTO He 3Hana , KaK MO>KHO BOCCTaHOBMTb TepaneBTMHeCKMM a /IbHHC CO CBOMM KTmeHTOM c TK nocne noTeHijnaTibHoro pa 3pbiBa. K /ineHT IIOCTOHHHO OTBepran jiK>6 bie npeAnono>KeHMH o TOM , HTO OH AOCTOMH yBa>xeHHfl M eMy CBoncTBeHHbi npocoAManbHbie CTpeM /ieHnn , c/iOBaMM “ Bbi npocTO MCHH nnoxo 3HaeTe. 3/IOM nenoBeK. ft. TepneTb He Mory jnoAen. Bo MHe HeT Hnnero xopomero, M Moe npomnoe TOMy AOKa3aTenbCTBo”. TepaneBT npo6oBana cnpaBHTbcii c STOM , npo6neMOM yxa3biBan Ha cjjaxTopbi, KOTopwe He cooTBeTCTBOBaTin y6e>KAeHHOCTM KTineHTa B 3TOM Tonxe 3peHMH nnn xaxHM-;iH6o MHbiM o6pa30 M ee onpoBep rann , HO Ka3anocb, HTO xa>KAaH ee nonbiTKa npnBOAHTia TOTibxo K TOMy, HTO OH eme 6onee yxopeHHTicfl B cBoen y6e>KAeHHOCTM B TOM, HTO OH n /ioxon HenoBex. Bonee TOTO, TepaneBT coo6mn;ia, HTO 3TO HaHMHaeT Bbi3biBaTb y Hee 3/iocTb, Tax KaK B COOTBeTCTBMM C ee MMp0B033peHMeM HIOAM He MOryT 6 bITb nnOXMMM no CBoen cyTM . Ha KOHcynbTaijMH en npeAno cnnM 3aHHTbcn caMoncoieAOBaHneM ^ Ann nynmero oco3HaHMH STOH cnTyai nn ( T.e. npM3Bann K onpeAeneHHon Aone 3ApaBbix coMHeHMM ) , HTO npnBeno K TiMHHOMy OTKpbiTMio RTifi TepaneBTa, HTO c ee CTopoHbi 6M/IO HaAMeHHOCTbio HacTaMBaTb Ha CBoen Tonxe 3peHnn o TOM, HTO HMKTO B MMpe He MO>xeT 6 biTb 37ibiM OT npnpoAbi, M 3Ta no3MU,MH Memana ee COCTOHHHK) paAMKanbHOM OTKpbITOCTM no OTHOmeHMK) K B3T7IHAaM KTIMeHTa ( HecMOTpn Ha BCIO 6o;ie3HeHHocTb TaKoro oco3HaHHfl ). Ee pa6oTa HaA CO6OM M rOTOBHOCTb npHHHTb HOBOe (3TH npOIjeCCbl MbI eiAe o6 cyAHM A Tiee B 3TOH ^ rnaBe ) HeMeATieHHO H3MeHH7in AMHaMnxy TepaneBTnnecKMX OTHOineHnn M , K yAMBTieHMio TepaneBTa, HecxoTibxo ceaHCOB cnycTH xnneHT no co6cTBeHHon HHHijHaTHBe npn3Ha;iai: “3HaeTe, H TyT noAyMan, MO>xeT, H He Taxon y>x n nnoxon ”. 3TOT npnMep M3 peanbHon npaxTnxn ACMOHCTpnpyeT u;eHHOCTb COCTOHHMH paAnxanbHon TOTOBHOCTM OTxa 3aTbcn OT 6opb6 bi nnn OTnycTMTb cn /ibHyx) y6e>KAeHHOCTb He3aBncnMO OT Toro, Hacxo/ibxo o6ocHOBaHHon MTIM BHyTpeHHe cornacoBaHHon OHa MO>xeT xa3aTbcn. BO3MO>KHOCTH RJW pocTa, xoTopbie co3Aa IOTCH AManexTMHecKMM HanpioxeHneM, B 03Hnxax)T To/ibxo 6/iaroAapn TOMy, HTO B paMxax 3TOM A TieMMbi coxpaHneTCH CMbicn npnAep>xnBaTbCH co6 cTBeHHon ^ TOHxn 3peHMH ( T.e. Henoxone 6 nMon y 6e>KAeHHOCTM ). STO AManexTnHecxnn CooTBeTCTBeHHO , HenoKone6nMan y6e>xAeHHOCTb 67iH 3Heij ycTynnnBoro OTnycxaHnn . OHa A^MOHCTpnpyeT, Hacxonbxo TepaneBTy

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T/iaBa 2. flMa /ieKTMKa ,

62

PO

RUT

Ba>KHO

paflMKa /ibHaa oTKpbuocTb M caMOMCC/ieflOBaHMe

)KeT

y6e>K,n;e, MOnpOTMBOpeHMM KOTOpbie OHeBMflHbIX

npw ep^oiBaTbCH co6cTBeHHbix

^

HMM O KTIMeHTe, HeCMOTpfl Ha Ha /IMHMe

fleMOHCTpMpOBaTb KTIMeHT MTIM Cpefla.

Pai

npeACTaB/ieHMM MTIM

3ai MH 3TOTO COCTOHHMH ^ ^ Tiynnie Bcero MO>KCT 6 npeflCTaBneHa npMHijMnoM PO “flo6 poTa npe^c e . ypoK 17). MHor a Ao6poTa noApa yMeBaeT 6xoAMMOCTb ^ Bcero” ( ^ MM ABMraTbcn B pwTb 6TIM3KMM py3 ^ HenpMHTHyio npaB y, HTO6 BI ^ ^ , HO npn STOM npM3 co6B03M0>KH0 HanpaBneHMM CBOMX MOHanM

biTb

Heo

3

CM

CTb

HaBaTb

ijeHHOCTeM

CTBeHHOM OHIM6KM.

TOBO

noMOHb

b M

Tax, TepaneBT PO

HUT

MO ceT noHHTb, HTO OH He cornaceH

^

HeCOHiaCMe, HTo 6 bI CnOCo6 cTBOBaTb

ero 607IbHiafl HaCTb Bbipa^CeHMH KOH HMKTyiOmMX MHeHMM B PO HUT npe nonaraeT Heo6xoflMMOCTb 3aflaBaTb Bonpocbi, a He coo6maTb KTIM eHTy roTOBbie pemeHMH ero npo 6neM; CM. rnaBy 8 yne6HMKa no PO flllT ). IloAo6Hoe HecornacMe O6 MHHO Heo6xoAMMO conpoBO>KAaTb con;na 7ibHbiMn 3Haxa MM HeflOMMHMpOBaHMH ( TaKMMM , KaK He 6 o7IbIHOM HaKTIOH TOTlOBbl MTIM nO KMMa ^ HMe nnanaMM B KOM6MHau; MM c cecTaMM oTKpbiTOCTM, Apy >KeTiio 6HOM ynbi6KOM ^ < M npnMMM B3rnnflOM B rna3a; CM. HaBHKM TM6KMM pa3yM MYflP” B ypoxe 8) , Bbipa CaK)LU;MMM paBeHCTBO M OTKpbITOCTb KpMTMKe. 3HaKM He OMMHMpOBaHMB ^ MMeioT oco 6 oe 3HaneHMe, Kor a nenoBeK o 6naAaeT 6 oTibineM BTiaerbio, HO npn STOM cenaeT ycTaHOBMTb 6nM3KMe OTHomeHMH ( HanpMMep, OTHomeHMH “Tepa ^ neBT KTIMCHT ) , a TaioKe npn Mcnonb30 BaHMM AOMMHMpoBaHMH B nepey6e>K ,n;eHMM pa #M ycTpaHeHMH yrpo>Kaiomero >KM3HM noBefleHMn ( CM. rnaBy 5 B OCHOBHOM yne 6HMKe no PO fllTT ). C KHMeHTOM , M

flOTDKeH Bbipa3MTb 3T0

^

TIMHHOMy pOCTy (xOTfl

^

^

^

—

MzpuSan Henonmumeji -bHocnuj npomu6 coHyScmfiywujeu cept> e 3nocmu 6 mepanuu

—

Mepuean Henonmume/ibHocmb npomue cony6 cm6 yww,eu cepbe3 H 0 cmu 3TO BTOPAN AManeKTMHecKan flMTieMMa, c KOTOPOM nacTO CTanKMBaiOTcn TepaneBTbi, pa6oTaiomMe c KnneHTaMM c IK. 3TO AManeKTMHecKMM cnoco6 ycoMHMTbcn B fle3a anTMBHOM nOBefleHMM, Bbipa>KaH npM STOM CMMnaTMK) M OTKpbITOCTb. COCTO-

^

HH Me MrpMBOM HenoHTMTe/ibHOCTM co CTopoHbi TepaneBTa

cn c Bep6anbHoro

nan e Bcero HanMHaeT-

^

MTIM HeBep6anbHoro BbipanceHMH HeflOBepMH M / MTIM Becenoro

HeflOyMeHMH npM

^OMMHMpOBaHMM CMrHanOB OTKpbiTOCTM M CMMnaTMM ( HanpMMep, Kor a co CTopoHbi MonceT roBOpMT, HTO ^roBopMTb, MTIM coo6maeT 06 oTcyTCTBMM Bpanc ^ ,n[e6HOCTM K Konnere, HO npn , conrana pa n Toro, HTO6M ero yBO m ) . paHee npM ^ ABOiopo Han cecTpa Ao6poflyniHoro MrpMBan ^ noAmynMBaHMH Menc y ApyabHMM. flpy3 O 6BIHHO MrpMBO M C CMMnaTMeM no,n;^ Apa3 flpyr Apyra. PlccneAOBaHMn cBMAeTenbCTByioT, HTO TaKMM o6 pa M

B OTBeT

Ha HeCOOTBeTCTByiOmMM, CTpaHHbIM MTIM HCTIOrMHHblM KOMMCHTapMM MTIM nOBe eHMe

KTiMeHTa

KTiMeHTKa

He

STOM

3HaBanacb HTO

HenonTMTenbHocTb

/iM /

STO

bH

HMBaiOT

30

f/iaBa 2. p,uane\KMnoAHiyHMBaHMe

HMKOB M Apy3eM

STO pacnpocTpaHeHHbin: cpeAM coruieMeHHMKOB, pOACTBeH

cnoco6 A^Tb o6paTHyio

CBH3b.

K

TOMy >Ke 3TO BcerAa npoMC

AaHHoro npoBOijMpyiomero KOMMeHTapMH nepcTBbiM ( HeBbipa3MTenbHbiM

MTIM

3aHOCHMBbIM ) rOTIOCOM M / MTIM C yCTpaiHaiOIAMM BbipaXCeHMeM HMlja ( HanpMMep,

c OTpemeHHbiM B3ITIHAOM ) MJIM c >KecTa ( HanpMMep, noKanMBaHMeM na /ibijeM ) MTIM no/io>KeHMii Tena ( HanpMMep, no3a “ pyKM B 6 OKM ) , 3a KOTopbiM HeMeA /ieH HO cneAyeT CMex, Bbipa ceHMe OTBpameHMH M / MTIM M 3MeHeHMe no3 bi Ha Ty, KO^ Topan 3aHMMaeT MeHbine MecTa B npocipaHCTBe. TaKMM o 6 pa 30 M , npn Ao6poM noAApa3HMBaHMM Ha cijeHy cpa3y >Ke BMBOAMTCH KOHC|)TIMKT M ycTaHaBTiMBaeTCH COI ManbHaB AMCTaHUiMH, HO CBfl3b 6 bICTpO BOCCTaHaBTIMBaeTCfl npM nOMO M Apy>KeCTBeHHbIX CMTHaTIOB HeAOMMHMpOBaHMfl. CMraa /Ibl HeAOMMHMpOBaHMfl MrpaiOT KpMTMHeCKyiO po/lb B TOM, HTo6 bI nOAAP33HMBaHMe 6 bITIO TierKMM ( KaK Apy>xecKoe “ noAKanbiBaHMe” [ Keltner, Young, & Buswell , 1997] ). KorAa noAApa3HMBaHMe MTpMBOe M o6oK>AHOe, OHO nOMOraeT yCTaHOBMTb 6nM3KMe OTHOIIieHMfl, M HIOAM , KOTopbie MoryT Apy >Ke;no 6HO noApa3HMTb Koro-To M OIOKOMHO BocnpMHMMaioT TaKMe noAApa3HMBaHMH B CBOM aApec, CKopee Bcero, 6yAyT MeHTanbHo M (J)M3MHeCKM 3AOpOBbIMM , nOTOMy HTO OHM Cn 0C06 HbI He BOCnpMHMMaTb )KM3Hb CTIMLUKOM Cepbe3HO, MOryT nOCMeHTbCH HaA CBOMMM Cna6 bIMM CTOpOHaMM M Ha -

^

^

yHMTbCH CnpaBHHTbCH C HMMM

.

TaKMM o6 pa30M, KorAa TepaneBT McnoTib3yeT B pa6oTe c KTIMCHTOM C TK HenOHTMTenbHblM M MrpMBbIM CTMTIb o6 n eHMH, TCM CaMbIM OH nOAaeT eMy MOLAHbIM conneMeHHMKM ”. B o6 nje CMTHan, KOTopbiit rnacMT: wTbi MHe HpaBMinbcn, MM HMM C Apy3bHMM MbI o6 bIHHO MCnO/Ib3yeM 6 oTiee Bbipa3MTenbHbIM M MeHee (J)Op ManbHbiM cTMTib o6 u eHMH ( HanpMMep, cjienr MTIM pyraTenbCTBa ) , MO ceM CBO ^ 6OAHO Bbipa>KaTb CBOM nyBCTBa, aKTMBHee >KecTMKynMpOBaTb, nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 6onee paccna6neHHO ( HanpMMep, cyTynMTbCfl ) M Apa3HMTb Apyr Apyra. Ho HTO 3aMeHaTenbHO B noAo6 HOM noAApa3HMBaHMM, TaK 3TO TO, HTO OHO o6ecnenMBaeT KOppMTMpyiOn yK) o6paTHyK) CBfl3b. 3TO M eCTb CyTb HenOHTMTeTIbHOM MrpMBOOHa BKHionaeT onpeAeneHHbie ( j> opMbi KpMTMnecKOM o6paTHOM CTM B PO flllT CBB3M ( HanpMMep, “ HeyaceTiM ? Bbi AewcTBMTe /ibHO He 3acny>KMTiM Ha Apy3eM? ” ) npn HeAOMMHMpyiomeM nonoaceHMM Te/ia M Bbipa>KeHMM TiMija, KOTopwe cMraa-

^

—

^

^—

7IM3MpyiOT O CMMnaTMM TepaneBTa K KTIMeHTy M HMTb

eMy BpeA

-

3TM HeBep6a /ibHbie

CTOB ( TaKMX, Kax TierKMM HaKTioH ronoBbi,

naAOHM ) B KOM 6MHan; MM c

OTCyTCTBMM HaMepeHMH npMHM -

.

CMrHanbi COCTOBT M3 ycnoKaMBaioiii Mx

no>KMMaHMe

nnenaMM MTIM OTKpbiTbie

*6bi (TaKMX, KaK 6poBM MTIM np^ MOM B3DI;IA B nia3a ). TaK, B

CMnianaMM coTpyAHMnecTBa M Apy >

Ten;ia;i ynbi 6Ka, cnerKa npMnoAHHTbie

>xe -

OiaBa 2. RuaneHima ,

64

paAMKa /ibHan OTKpbuocTb M caMoncc/ieAOBaHne

c npMHijMnoM MrpMBOM HenoHTMTe/ibHOCTM TepaneBTOB PO RUT nOOmp IOT OTKa 3aTbC OT npO( )eCCMOHanbHOrO flOMMHMpOBaHMH M nepeHHTb

cooTBeTCTBMM

^

J

^

Toro, HTO6BI MMCTB B03M0>KH0CTb o6eMaHepy flpy KecTBeHHoro o6meHna ) ) CneHMTb COOTBeTCTByiOmyK o6paTHyK CBH3b SMOIJMOHaTIbHO M 307IMp0BaHHbIM M HyBCTByiomMM ce6n O MHOKO K /meHTaM CYKM Bbipa3MTb npeflno ceHwe npnco-

^

^

^

eflMHMTbCH K n /ieMeHM.

ConyBCTByiomaH

cepbe3HOCTb npeACTaB/ineT CO6OM AManeKTMHecKyio

npo-

TMBonono CHOCTb MrpMBOM HenoHTMTe;ibHocTM.

OHa cKopee HanpaBneHa He Ha ^ >KenaHMe noAApa 3HMBaTb M noompHTb K npeoAoneHMio Tpy HOCTeM, a Ha noHMMaHMe M cMrHanM3MpyeT o paccyAMTenbHOCTM ( T.e. TepaneBT BoenpMHMMaeT KTiMeHTa Bcepbe3). ConyBCTByiomaH cepbe3HOCTb TaKHce fleMOHCTpMpyeT 6onee OTpe3BnHK> mee OTHomeHMe K KTiMeHTy, Tor,n;a KaK MrpMBan noHTMTenbHOCTb noMoraeT c(J)opMMpoBaTb c HMM 6onee Tennwe OTHomeHMH ( CM. rnaBy 6 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO RYIT M rnaBy 3 aToro pyKOBO CTBa). COCTOHHMC conyBCTByio-

^

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meM cepbe3HOCTM HanpaBneHO Ha CHMnceHMe MHTCHCMBHOCTM B3aMMOAeMCTBMH M

6e3onacHocTM. B KanecTBe HeBep6anbname Bcero Mcnonb3yioT 6onee , ronoca 6onbiHMe nay3bi nocne KancAoro TeMn He M MHTKMM TOH penn MeAneHHHM BbicKa3HBaHMH KHMeHTa Ha CTiynaM , earn OH 3axoneT npoAonncMTb CBOIO MHCHB, MHTKMM 3pMTenbHbIM KOHTaKT ( HeHaBH3HMBbIM ) M TennyiO ynbl6Ky C COMKHyTbIMM ry6aMM. 3TO cocTOHHMe MonceT conpoBonc aTbCH HenpoM3BonbHMMM cnraanaMM ^ noATBepnc eHMH TepaneBTMnecKOM no3MijMM. K npouBneHMHM conyBCTByiomeM ^ cepbe3H 0CTM TaK >Ke OTHOCHTCH paccna6neHHan no3a, npMnoAHMMaHMe 6poBeii BO BpeMH pa3roBopa M BbipanceHMe HeAOMMHMpyiomero ,n;py>Kenio 6MH ( oco6eHHO BO BpeMH BoccTaHOBTieHMH TepaneBTMnecKoro anbHHca ) npn noMomw nerKoro

CMrHanM3MpyeT KTiMeHTy

o

coijManbHOM

HWX CMraanoB conyBCTByiomeM cepbe3HOCTM

HaK /iOHa ronoBbi, KOM6MHai MM

^

eABa

3aMeTHoro noncMMaHMH nnenaMM M OTKpbiTbix ncecTOB B

ynbi 6KOM (fleTanM Kancfloro HeBep6 ^epncaHHOM 6 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO flllT). K conyB-

c MHTKOM c

anbHoro

CMTHana MOHCHO HaMTM B rnaBe

CTByiomeM cepbe 3HOCTM MOHCHO

nan

npn6eraTb B caMbix pa3Hbix CMTyaijMnx, BKHIOno3MijMM ( nor a nMHHoe MMpoB033peHMe

BbipanceHMe TepaneBTOM CBoen

^

TepaneBTa MonceT npemiTCTBOBaTb noHMMaHMio TOHKM 3peHMH KnneHTa ), BOCCTaHOB/ieHMe TepaneBTMnecKoro anbHHca, TOTOBHOCTB BHMMaTenbHO cnymaTb,

co6niofleHMe 6anaHca nrpHBon Hey6eAMTbcn, HTO KHMCHT npaBMTibHo Bocnpn -

BbipanceHMe flpyncecTBeHHoro OTHomeHMH M nonTMTenbHocTM

RJIFL

Toro, HTO 6M

.

-

HHTI noAApa3HMBaHMH DiaBHan 3aAana OTO Bbipa3MTb cneAyiomyio TepaneBTM ft , ; “ no : Mio 3 Mu noHHTb KaK TH xony necKyio BocnpMHMMaenib MMp co CBoen TOHKM 3peHMH

( a He Moen ) .

ft cepbe3HO OTHomycb K cMTyarjMM , B KOTOPOM TH OKa 3anoi ”

Vnasa 2. flna /ieKTMKa , paAMKanbHafl OTKpbiTOCTb M caMOMCC/ieAOBaHMe

65

rioneMy paAMKaAbHan OTKpbiTOCTb? OmKpumocmi u SAazonoAyuue )

OAHOM M3 caMbix cnoncHbix 3aAan n cHMTax) o6yneHMe HaBbixy npe6 biBaHMn B COCTOHHMM OTKpbITOCTM, KOTOpOe n 03B0nneT OTKa3aTbCH OT TIMHHOrO CnOCO 6a BoenpMHTMH Ann Toro, HTO6H AewcTBMTenbHO noHHTb Tonxy 3peHMn Apyroro nenoBexa ( B oco6eHHocm, xorAa n CHMTaio ce 6n npaBbiM ). 3TO cnoncHo, noToMy HTO RJIB. HaC Ba>KHO He OIUM6aTbCH ( HanpMMep, RJIH. BbDXMBaHMn , AOCTM>KeHMH ycnexa, npoABMnceHMn no cny >x6e MTIM yAaHHoro npM3eMneHMn nyHOxoAa ) , M noTOMy HTO xancAan Tonxa 3peHMn no - cBoeMy xoppexTHa, M B MTore Bbi6op caMOM y 6 eAMTenbHOM TOHXM 3peHMn npeBpamaeTcn B ronoBonoMxy. HTO earn HOBan MH (J) opMaiJiMn HeBepHa ? ” ( HanpMMep, XBaT xonbn npM MeTaHMM He CTonb ync BanceH , ropa3AO Banoiee Bee BpeMn A^ pncaTb AP^BXO xax MO>XHO 6nM>xe x xopnycy BO BpeMn 6 pocxa) MTIM HTO earn MeHn XOTBT BBCCTM B 3a6nyncAeHMe? ” ( HanpMMep, Tax Ha3biBaeMbiM Apyr cneijManbHO AaeT MHe noneHbiM COBCT, HTO6BI OAep>xaTb no6eAy B MCCTHBIX copeBHOBaHMnx no MeTaHMK) xonbn ) . 14 ACMCTBMTenbHo, ecnM Bbi 3aAyMaeTecb, y OTXPMTOCTM HeMano HeAOCTaTxoB. OHa Tpe6yeT ycMJiMM ANN xoHTponn M pacxoAa ijeHHOM SHeprMM, TorAa xax, A ^ MCTByn no npM Bbinxe, MbI He TOTIbXO MO>XeM He AyMaTb , HO M MO>XeM nOBbimaTb Co 6 cTBeHHyK) 0 C03HaHH0 r0 XOHTpOTIH 3( j)4> eXTnBHOCTb, 3X0H0 MH yCMTIMH , Heo6xOAMMbie ( HanpMMep, “ Bon< AeHMe aBTOMo6Mnn He Tpe6yeT OT MeHn 3HaHMTenbHbix XOTHM onbiTHbiM BOAMTenb. K TOMy nee, exopee Bcero, TMBHHX ycMTiMM , noTOMy HTO n n nynrne BeAy MauiMHy, xorAa He CTIMUIXOM 3aAyMbiBax) Cb 06 STOM ). Tax 3aneM BOo 6 me HyncHa OTxpbiTocTb ? OAHa M3 npMHMH, xoTopwe MoryT 3acTaBMTb Hac noMTM Ha Bee STM HeyAo6CTBa, 3TO TO, HTO MbI MHCTMHXTMBHO HyBCTByeM IjeHHOCTb OTXpbITOCTM B OTHonieHMnx. Hac BocxMiAaiOT niOAM , OTxpbiTbie HOBMM MAenM, M Mbi XOTMM omyTMTb c HMMM eAMHCTBO. HanpMMep, niOAM ncancAyT BCTpeHM c flanaM - naMOM ( OH npMB /iexaeT ijenbie Tonnbi ) He CTonbxo M3-3a ero xpaoiopenMn, BbiAaiomeMcn BHeUIHOCTM MTIM npOHUIbIX CBepUieHMM ( XOTH BCe 3TO TO>Xe MMeeT 3HaneHMe ) , cxonbxo M3-3a Toro, HTO STO nocnyncMT MM HanoMMHaHMeM 06 M 3BecTHOM MCTM He: Mbi CMnbHee xax BMA BMecTe, OTxpbiTocTb 3TO nyTb x ce 6e. B cyiAHOCTM, , n o6HapyncM7i HTO OTxpbiTocTb MMeeT Ann Hac 3HaneHMe nocTonbxy, nocxonbxy Ann Hac MMeeT 3HaneHMe Haine nneMn. ByAyHM nacTbio nneMeHM, Mbi HyBCTByeM ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTM. Ham BMA Bbincnn 6naroAapn cnoco6HocTM (JiopMMpoBaTb AonrocpoHHbie CBn 3M M AenMTbcn ijeHHbiMM pecypcaMM He Tonbxo c 6HM3XMMM poACTBeHHMxaMM , HO M c a6coniOTHO He3HaxoMbiMM HaM niOAbMM. Tax, Ann Hamnx nepBo6 biTHbix npeAXOB, neMBymMX B cypoBbix ycnoBMnx, npMHaAnencHOCTb x nneMeHM 6 bina Heo6xoAMMbiM ycnoBMeM BbincMBaHMn. 14 AeMCTBMTenbHO, MM

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66

DiaBa 2 . flMa /ieKTMKa , paflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbuocTb M caMOncc/ie,qoBaHMe

cne MM 3a Bbipa^ceHweM nnu; a n TOHOM ronoca OKpy>Kaioii]; nx nioflen, o6Hapy>KMTb npM3HaKn Heo,n;o6peHMfl, n noaTOMy MH 6 nonornHecKn CK /ioHHbi paci eHMBaTb OTHOineHMe ,n;pyrnx nioflen xax Heo,o;o6peHne B TOM cnynae, Korfla coijnanbHbie cnrHanbi HeoflH03HanHbi (CM. rnaBy 6 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO flllT). OTKpbiTocTb pa3Bnnacb B xanecTBe OCHOBHOTO cpe cTBa KoonepaijMM, B ( )7IMKTa. OTKpbITOCTb 3TO MOU HblM CMTHa /I OCo6 eHHOCTM npw HanMHMM KOH| coi ManbHon 6e3onacHocTM , c;iy}Kamnn npn 3HaHneM TOTO, HTO Bee MBI Mo ceM ^ OUIn 6 aTbCH, M TOTOBHOCTM yHMTbCH Ha Co6 cTBeHHbIX OUm6KaX. 3TO pOCKOHIb OTKa3aTbCH OT 3amMTbI, MCXOflfl M3 nOHMMaHMfl, HTO flpyTOM HeTIOBeK OTKpbIT K BoenpMHTMK) MHOM nepcneKTMBbi. HecMOTpn Ha Heo6xo,o;MMbie ycn /inn, MMCHHO OTKpbITOCTb CHMTaeTCfl KTHOHeBOM HaCTbK) yHMKaTIbHblX 3B 07H01]; M0HHbIX npeMMymecTB HenoBexa Kax BMfla, o6ecneHMBaiomeH B03M0>KH0CTb HeBM aHHOM CnOCo 6HOCTM K B3aMMO,n;eMCTBMIO MOKfly TeHeTMHeCKM HMKaK He CBH3aHHbIMM MHflMBM aMM ( CM. r/iaBy 6 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO flllT) . MHHMM cnoBaMM, 3TO KTieM nTieMeHM, KOTOpbIM o6'be,0iMHneT pa3HMHMn M C03flaeT OTKpbITOCTb HOBbie, HeBOo 6 pa3MMbie aKKOpftbl. Enje o#Ha npnnnHa Harnero cTpeMneHMH K OTKPHTOCTM KpoeTCH B TOM, HTO OHA no3BonneT yHMTbcn HOBOMy. TtneMH He TonbKO o6ecneHMBaeT (J) M 3MHecKyio noflflep^cKy ( HanpnMep, noMonjb B peMOHTe 3a 6opa noc/ie rpo3H nnn COBMCCTHoe coopy>KeHMe CTCHH RUB. 3amnTbi OT BparoB ) , HO M npeflocTaB/meT BO3MO>K -

^

nocTOHHHo

nbiTancb

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AenMTbCH KOTUieKTMBHOM My pOCTbK) npM nOMOU M npflMbIX MHCTpyKIJMM B KaKoe BpeMH rofla /iynrne Bcero ca caTb nineHnijy MTIM H3 KaKMX ^ KaMHen nonynaiOTCfl nynmne Tonopbi ), Ha 67noflaTb 3a ycneuiHbiMM flencTBMHMn flpyrnx M MOflennpoBaTb MX ( HanpnMep, e3,o;on BepxoM n /in MeTaHneM Konbn ) , a TaioKe flaBaTb o6 paTHyio CBH3b ( “ Tbi npoMaxHyncn , noTOMy HTO CHMUIKOM cnnbHO OKMMan ApeBKo” ). Bee 3TO Tpe6yeT OTKPHTOCTM RJW HOBOM MH ( ) opMaqnn n /in o6 paTHOM CBH3M. OTKpbiTocTb flJIfl HOBbIX MfleM M7IM KpMTMKM CO CTOpOHbl HTieHOB nneMeHn (“3TO He KopoBa, a Tnrp! IIo6e>Ka /in!” ) o6ecnennBaeT orpoMHoe 3Bonioi noHHoe npenMyujecTBO KaK j\;/ra MH MBM OB, TOTOBHX BoenpnHHMaTb HOBOe, TaK M fl /IH BCCTO BMfla, nOTOMy HTO BbDKMBaHMe yace He 3aBMCMT ncK /nonn TenbHO OT TIMHHOTO BOcnpMHTMH ( CM. ypoK 19) . IIpMBefleHHoe BHine Ha 6;no eHMe Mo ceT o6nbHCHMTb, noneMy Hac Tax 6 ecnoKOMT MHeHne OKpy>Kaiomnx. ^

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( HanpnMep,

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Bee TKe He Bcer a npocTO noHHTb, Kor a Heo6xoflMMo nponBHHTb OTKpbiTocTb.

Jinn 3TOTO noHaflo^6nTOi onpefleneHHafl ^AOHH coMHeHnn. BpeMeHHbie coMHeHMii B

PO

Jim Ha3HBaiOTcn

nonO)KeHMH, HTO MH

3flopoBHMn coMHeHHHMM.

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He

TaKMM,

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HaHMHaiOTOi

eCTb, a

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c

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n 6a3npyiOTCH Ha npeAnono^ceHnn , HTO MH HMKor a He CMO ceM M36a^ BHTbCH OT npeAy 6e c,nieHHoro BocnpnHTnn B CBH3H CO CBOMMM B3rnHflaMn , CBOMM ^ npoiiMHM nnn CBOMMM 6noreHeTMHecKMMM npe pacnono ceHHocTHMM. TaKMM ^ MH ecTb,

^

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f/iaBa 2. flMa /ieKTMKa ,

o6pa30M,

paflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbuocTb M caMOMCc/ieflOBaHkie

67

Harne BocnpMHTMe MMpa yHMKaTibHO, ocHOBbiBaeTcii Ha TOM, KTO MBI

ecTb, M He HB /ineTCfl TOHHMM OTpa >KeHMeM peanbHOCTM.

3TOT npMHi nn Han6ooco3HaHHocTM PO , M3BecTHoro HeorbeM /ieMOM nacTM 6onee o6 meM noA Ha3BaHHeM “caMOMccTieflOBaHMe”, npaKTMKM paflMKanbHOM OTKpbITOCTM ( KaK OnweaHO B flaHHOM pyKOBOACTBe ).

nee

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npw

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—

Hmo ma- Koe paduKcuibnan omKpumocmt> PaflMKanbHafl OTKpbiTOCTb BKTiiOHaeT CTpacTHoe >KenaHMe M3ynaTb npoTMBO-

no7io>KHOCTM. OHa npeflCTaBnneT CO6 OM HaMepeHMe 6onee rny6oKO M3ynMTb Te o6liaCTM MCM3HM, KOTOpbie BbI3bIBaiOT CHOKHOCTM H IipMHMHfllOT 6 o/Ib MUM 6eC noKOMCTBO. OHa npe no/iaraeT oco6yio cMenocTb, Heo 6xo;a MMyK) p,JIH Toro, HTO 6 bl Ao6paTbCH £0 MCTOHHMKa HeBeflOMOTO, COXpaHHH CKpOMHOCTb M TOTOBHOCTb MflTM Ha ^CepTBbl paflM TOTO, HTo6 bI nOHHTb ypOKM, KOTOpbie flaeT HaM MMp. M. Bee >Ke TOTOBHOCTb yHMTbcn HOBOMy He 03HanaeT, HTO HaM cne yeT OTKa3aTbcn OT TOTO, HTO Mbi y>Ke 3HaeM. KaK pa3 Hao6 opoT: PO npe nonaraeT, HTO ecTb MHOTO pa3Hbix cnoco 6oB flenaTb O#HO M TO >Ke ( cymecTByeT 6ecKOHenHoe KOUMHCCTBO cnoco6oB Ao6 paTbCH B IIapM >K MTIM npuroTOBUTb KapTOiiiKy), a nocKonbKy Mwp nocTOHHHO MeHHeTCH , Bcer,n,a MO>KHO HayHMTbCfl neMy-TO HOBOMy. JlynuiMe yneHbie, HanpMMep, OTTIMHaiOTCfl CKpOMHOCTbK), nOTOMy HTO OHM IIOHMMaiOT, HTO Bee MX npeflCTaB /ieHMfl o MMpe 6y yT npoflOTDKaTb pa3BMBaTbcn M MeHHTbCH.

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PaflMKa^ bHaH OTKpbiTOCTb

J>opM noBefleHMH; STO

3TO He npOCTO 0C03HaHH0 CTb MUM OCBOeHMe HO

-

onee SKCTpeMaTibHan no3MijMfl, KOTopan BKinonaeT aKTMBHbIM nOMCK TOTO , HeTO Mbi XOTMM M 36 e>KaTb, M 7IM TOTO, HTO BblBOftMT HaC 3a paMKM KOM (J)opTa, pa M caMono3HaHMH. M XOTH OHa nacTO BKTiiOHaeT onpo6oBaHMe HOBbIX 4> OpM IIOBefleHMfl, KOTOpbie MOryT OKa3aTbCH none3HbIMM , OHa TaK >Ke BKTiiOHaeT u;eneHanpaBTieHHoe M3yneHMe ce6a. OHa Tpe 6yeT KynbTMBMpoBaHMii TOTOBHOCTM OIHM 6 aTbCH M CIIOCO 6HOCTM COXpaHHTb OTKpbiTOCTb flUfl HOBbIX B03MOMCHOCTeM c HaMepeHMeM M 3MeHMTbCH , ecnM STO noTpe 6 yeTCfl . Kapn K)HT MOT

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CKa3aTb, HTO paflMKailbHaH OTKpbiTOCTb 03HaHaeT nOMCK CBOeM TeHM

HaCTM HameM TIMHHOCTM , KOTOpOM Mbi He MO>KeM rOpflMTbCfl M 7IM

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CymeCTBOBaHMe . 6 STO MO KCT He HcenaeM MHor HaBaTb biTb a 3 M Tpy HbiM MTIM nynpM > KOTOPOM raiomMM 3aHHTMeM. TaKan CTpaTerMH M3MeHeHMM Tpe6yeT OTKPMTOCTM flira KpM TMKM, OnpefleneHMH TOTO, HTO Heo6xOflMMO M3MeHMTb, M Onpo6 oBaHMH HOBbIX > opM noBefleHMH. Ba >KHO TO, HTO B MTore pa MKanbHafl OTKpbiTOCTb noBbimaeT TM6KOCTb peaKI MM B MeHHK> IU,MXCH 06 cT0HTeHbCTBaX.

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He>KenaTe;ibHbie nyBCTBa, MMCHM M omymeHMn paccMaTpMBaiOTCH KaK

B03M0 CH0 CTb HayHMTbCH HeMy -TO HOBOMy.

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nocTieflOBaTeTibHbix uiara.

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^

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68

DiaBa 2 . Ana /ieKTMKa ,

paflHKa /ibHaa oTKpbuocTb M caMOMCc/ieflOBaHMe

1. IIpM3HaHPie Ha /IMHMfl HenpMHTHblX M 7IM HeO>KMflaHHbIX Co6 bITMM, KOTOpbie BbI3bIBaiOT OmyilljeHMe HanpH CeHMH, COnpOTMBTieHMH , HeOAo 6 peHMH, OT^ CTpaHeHHOCTM M / MJIM >KenaHMH aTaKOBaTb, B3HTb n o K O H T p O T I b M7IM y6e>xaTb. 2. IIpaKTMKa caMOMccne OBaHMH. ripM STOM Ha KaKoe-TO BpeMH MM noBopaHMBaeMCH TIMLJOM K CBoeMy flMCKOM(J)opTy M cnpaniMBaeM ce6n Heuy une nyncHO naynumbCK ? BMCCTO aBTOMaTMnecKOM nonbiTKM yna MTh KOH JTIMKT, OTBTieHbCH , HaMTM o6'bflCHeHMe, nepeOE[ eHMTb M7IM npMHHTb CMTyaiJ[MK).

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3. FM6 KMM Bbi 6op peaxi MM, BKniOHaiomMM CMMpeHMe M roTOBHOCTb flenaTb TO, HTO noTpe 6yeTCH B flaHHMM MOMCHT RJW TOTO, HTO 6 M a xJjeKTMBHO cnpaBMTbCH c CMTyai MeM M / MHM aflanTMpoBaTboi K MeHHiomMMai O 6 CTO HTenbCTBaM, CHMTaHCb C nOTpe 6HOCTHMM OKpy KaK)lU, MX. ^ Ba>KHO OTTIMHaTb paflMKa /IbHyiO OTKpbITOCTb OT npM3HaHMJI, HaMBHOCTM M 6e3,o;yMHoro coniacMfl. MHor a Hy>KHO 6 biTb 3aKpbiTMM, MHane B M3MeHeHMnx STO 3Mnnpn HeT Heo6xo MMOCTM. HaKOHei , PO He;ib3fl BbiynMTb no KHMraM necKoe noHHTMe, KOTopoe Tpe 6yeT Henocpe cTBeHHOM M MHoroKpaTHOM npaKTM KM. IIoaTOMy TepaneBTOB M TpeHepOB PO flllT npM3MBaioT pa 3BMBaTb M nocro-

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HHHO npaKTMKOBaTb Co6 cTBeHHbie HaBbIKM PO M CaMOn 03HaHMH npM nOMOH M BonpocoB. CTpaTerMM MHTerpau; MM PO n caMOMcc/ieflOBaHMH Ha Bcrpenax cynepBM3opoB M KOHcynbTaHTOB fleTa /ibHo onncaHbi B rnaBe 7 OCHOBHOTO yne 6HMKa no

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am.

OmAuuue paduKaAtnou omKpumocmu om paduKciA-bHozo npunnmun Ba >KHO

OTMeTHTb, HTO paflMKaTIbHafl OTKpbITOCTb OTTIMHaeTCH OT HaBbIKOB

paflMKanbHoro npMHHTMH , KOTopbiM

—

o6ynaK)T

B paMKax

flllT [ Linehan, 1993a].

3TO CnOCo 6HOCTb OTKa3aTbCfl OT

6opb6bI C peanbHOM npeBpaTMTb CTpaflaHMH , KOTOpbie HeB03M0XCH0 BbIHeCTM, B 6o;ib, C KOTOPOM MO>KHO >KMTB, Toiyja KaK paflHKanbHan OTKpbITOCTb HanpaBneHa Ha pa6oTy c BocnpnflTneM peanbHOCTM. Ilpn o6yneHMM pa MKa /ibHOM OTKPMTOCTM MM MCXO ^ flMM M3 npeflnOTIOKeHMfl, HTO MbI BOCnpMHMMaeM MMp He T3KMM, KaKOM OH eCTb, a TaKMM, KaKMMM Mbi ecTb. 3TO TaK >xe npoTMBopenMT KOHi eni MM Myjjporo pa3y^ ^ CnOCo6HOCTM noMa B JJJIT , B KOTOpOM nOflHepKMBaeTCH I eHHOCTb MHTyMl MM

PaflMKanbHOe npMHHTMe

CTbK)

^

^ ^ yMMpoTBopeHM paci eHMBaeTCH

^

—

nOfl /IMHHOCTb BCerO BOKpyr, B KOTOpOM BHyTpeHHee 3HaHMe xax “ noHTM Bcer a TMxoe” M Tpe6yiomee onpe,n;e/ieHHOM flonM

HMMaTb I eHHOCTb M

^

[ Linehan, 1993a ] . C TOHKM 3peHMH PO flllT TaK Ha3biBaeMbie ( ) aKTbI, M 7IM MCTMHa , HaCTO MOiyT BBOflMTb B 3a6/iy>KfleHMe, HaCTMHHO M 3- 3a TOTO, J HTO Mbi He 3HaeM TOTO, HeTO Mbi He 3HaeM, nOTOMy HTO Bee nOCTOHHHO MeHHeTCH

^

DiaBa 2. flna /ieKTMKa , paflMKanbHafl OTKpbiTocTb M caMOMCC/ie/jOBaHMe

69

M nOTOMy HTO MbI He 0C03HaeM 3HaHMTenbHyiO HaCTb CBOMX OIH, ynj;eHMM. IIoaTO My B PO npwBeTCTByioTCH caMOMCcneflOBaHMe M HauMHMe onpeAeTieHHOM flonii

flTIfl BblpaHCeHMH CMMpeHMH M >XeTiaHMH HayHMTbCfl TOMy, neMy Hac noflTanxMBaeT Mwp.

3flpaBbIX COMHeHMM K

3aneM Hyaaio caMOMCCAe /\OBaHne KnioneBaH npe,n;nocbiTixa PO flllT STO HeB03M0>XH0CTb noTiHocTbK) M36aBHyTpeHHeii flBOMCTBeHHOCTM MTIM nonHOCTbio oco3HaTb ce6n. HanpwMep, M03r nenoBexa cnoco6eH oco3HaBaTb o Hy MbicTib, 3MOIJ; MK), omymeHiie MTIM npe CTaBneHiie npiiMepHO xa >xp; bie 50 MC, HTO flenaeT TeopeTMHecxM B03M0>KHbIM 0C03HaHMe OKOTIO 80 OTfle /IbHblX nepe>XMBaHMM BO BpeMH Ka>KflOrO ijMxna flbixaHHH . ( Oyx!) 14 eiicTBMTe/ibHO, MccneflOBaHMH noKa3biBaiOT, HTO B pe3y;ibTaTe SBOTIKHJMM 3MOijMOHaTibHoe BbipaaceHMe TiMija, cxopee Bcero, cTaTio Bbino/iHHTb (J)yHKi MK) no,n;co 3HaTe/ibHoro cTMMyna (co CTOPOHM ero OTnpaBMTeJIR ) , Bbi3biBaioiii;ero aBTOMaTMnecxyx) 6e3ycnoBHyio peaxijMio y pei MnweHTa — HaM Tpe 6yeTCH OT 17 O 20 MC, HTO6M oco3HaTb 3HaneHMe Bbipa >xeHMfl TiMija, a B STO BpeMH Hame Teno M pa3yM peampyiOT Ha Hero y>xe nepe3 4 MC [Williams et al., 2004, 2006]. 3TOT npou ecc npoxoflMT Ha ypoBHe noAC03HaTenbHoro BocnpMHTMH 3MOIJMM M He noABnacTeH co3HaTeTibHOMy ynpaBTieHMK). K TOMy nee OTTIMHMH B MCTOPWM o6yneHMH M B >XM3HeHHOM onbiTe, a TaKHce Bpo>xfleHHbiM TeMnepaMeHT BMTbCH OT

^

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^

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-

npMBOflHT K TOMy, HTO MHflMBMfl MOHCeT HenpaBMTIbHO OIjeHMBaTb flOBOTIbHO paC npocTpaHeHHbie CTMMynbi ( HanpwMep, McxpeHHee npeftTio eHMe noMOHb MO>xeT

^

6 biTb MHTepnpeTMpoBaHO xax nonbrrxa MaHMnyTDiijMM ). Ilo cyTM, MCTMHa B PO flTTI CHMTaeTCH XOTH M peaTIbHbIM, HO MTITIK)30pHbIM nOHHTMeM: “fla>Ke eCTIM H HTO -TO 3Haio, H He Mory 3HaTb Bcero, M HMXTO He MOHceT” [ M .P. Lynch, 2004, c. 10]. Ba>KHO CTpeMneHwe K MCTMHC, a He OHa caMa. OTxa 3aBiiiMCb OT npe noTio>XEHMH, HTO Mbi xor£a-TiM6o cMO>xeM no3HaTb peanbHOCTb BO Been ee no/moTe,

^

B paflMXaTIbHOM OTXpbITOCTM Mbi

MeHT BpeMeHM Ha Hac BTIMHCT

MCXOflMM M3 npeflnOCblTIXM, HTO

BOMCTBCHHOCTB

B Xa>XflbIM MO

-

BOOIPMHTMH,

npenHTCTByiomaH ) o 6 OCHOBe HOBOM BnOTIHe Ha M M BepOHTHO HenpMHTHOM MH OTKpbITOCTM yHeHMK > opMaii;MM. 3TOT XTHOHCBOM npMHijMn PO onpeflenneT xo ii, TieneHMH. HanpMMep,

^

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4

BMecTO aBTOMaTMHecKoro

nepexo a K y/iancMBaHMio, pau;MOHaTiM3aijMM M OTBTIC-

^

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Hac flMexoM opT, npn noMomM npaxTMXM caMOMecneflOBaHMH ( CM. ypox 13) c ije/ibK) o 6yneHMH. AxTMBHoe caMono3HaHMe Tpe6yeT TOTOBHOCTM ycoMHMTbcn B 6a30Bbix TO, HTO Mbi npMBbIXnM CHMTaTb CBepHIMBIIIMMCH (JiaXTOM MTIM y6eHCfleHMHX npaBflOM. Heo6xoflMMO npM3HaTb, HTO Ha onpefleTieHHOM ypoBHe Mbi OTBenaeM

y

^

—

DiaBa 2. flna /ieKTMKa ,

70

paflMKa /ibHa

^ OTKpbuocTb M caMOktccneflOBaHMe

co6cTBeHHbie BOcnpn;rme M nocTynKM, HO npn STOM Heo6xo,n;MMO M36eraTb o6 BMHeHMH ce6fl, flpyrMx M MMpa B ijeiiOM M crpeMMTbcn coxpaHHTb 3flpaByio flOHIO COMHeHMM, KOTOpaH HBUHeTCH OCHOBOM OIOCO6HOCTM yHMTbCfl M >KMTb B COOTBeTCTBMM C Co 6cTBeHHbIMM IjeHHOCTHMM. IIpM CTOUKHOBeHMM CO C7IO>KHbIM MUM HenOHBTHbIM Heo6xOflMMa rOTOBHOCTb OTKa3aTbCfl OT aBTOMaTMHCCKOM 3a IIJMTHOM peaKl MM M 3aHHTbCH CaMOMCCTieflOBaHMeM. IIOflo6HOe CaMOn03HaHPie 3TO BOBce He nonbiTKa peniMTb npo6neMy MUM M36e>KaTb MCKOM opTa. OHO Tpe6yeT npM3HaHMH Toro, HTO Ka^cflbiM HOBBIM MHcaMT MTIM noHMMaHMe, KOTopoe MM npMo6peTaeM, no CBoew npMpo e Bcer a OIHM6 OHHO, orpaHMneHO M / MUM noTeHi ManbHO BOMCTBCHHO. npaKTMKOBaTb caMOMCcne OBaHMe oco 6 eHHO none3HO, Kor a Mbi 3aMenaeM 3a CO 6OM CMTibHoe HenpuHTwe, 3amMTHMM MexaHM3M MUM ;io>KHoe npMHHTue o6 paTHon CBH3M , cornamaTbCH c KOTOPOM HaM He xoneTcn. B nepByio onepeflb CTOMT 3a #aTb ce6e Bonpoc Heuy x Moey naynumbcx? BMCCTO Toro, HTo 6 bI aBTOMaTMHeCKM npOflOTI CaTb HaCTaMBaTb Ha KOppeKTHOCTM CBOeM ^ no3ffljnn M nbiTaTbcn coBna aTb co CBOMMM nyBCTBaMM. Xopouio M3BCCTHO, HTO RJIX TOTO, HTo 6 bI HayHMTbCH HeMy-TO HOBOMy, Heo6xOflMMO npM3HaTb CBOe HeBOKecTBo. IIosTOMy B npoijecce caMOiiccneflOBaHMH Heo6xoflMMO ocTeperaTbcn noBepxHocTHbix 6 bicTpwx OTBeTOB M npoBOflMTb noflo6Hyio npaKTMKy Ha npoTH ^ceHMM HecKO/ibKMx flHeM, a TO M Heflenb (CM. ypOK 13). IIpaKTMKa caMOHCcneflOBaHMH B PO RUT ocHOBbiBaeTcn Ha npe nono^ceHMM , HTO Ham M03r nOCTOHHHO MHJieT HeCOOTBeTCTBMH MTIM OIjeHMBaeT CTMMyUbl OKpy^caiOHJieM cpe w c ijenbio a anTaijMM K nocTOHHHbiM M3MeHeHMHM. Hame STO cnoKOMHan TOTOBHOCTB, HO Kor#a “BxoflnmMe ecTecTBeHHoe cocTOHHwe 3a

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CMTHaUbl ” CTaHOBHTCH npOBOKaiJMOHHbIMM MTIM He COOTBeTCTByiOT HaiUMM 02CM -

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aHMHM,

npoBOAMTcn

6wcTpoe M O6HHHO noAco3HaTenbHoe onpe

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npoxoflMT Becb STOT npoijecc, 3aBMCMT OT Bpo

HeHHoro onbiTa. ECTIM CTMMyn cHMTaeTcn onacHHM, TO Ham opraHM3M 3anycxaeT

o6pa30M cnoco6cTByeT noBbi , meHMio 6flMTenbHOCTM Kor a MM 3aMenaeM npoTMBopenMH ( a TaioKe HTO -TO HeM 3BecTHoe MTIM onacHoe ). B npaKTMKe caMOMCCTie OBaHMH 3aiijMTHafl peaKijMH CHMTaeTCH none3HOM , noTOMy HTO OHa cny cMT npe ynpe>KAeHMeM o Tex o6na ^ CTHX HameM >KM3HM, KOTopbie MoryT Tpe 6 oBaTb OT Hac M 3MeHeHMM MUM HMHHOCTHOTO pocTa. Tan, B PO RUT 3aiijMTHafl peaKiiiMH ( HanpMMep, conpOTMBTieHMe MTIM HenpMH3Hb ) paCLjeHMBaeTCH KaK B03MO>KHOCTb flUH pOCTa. BMCCTO npMBMH HOTO npeflnOTIO>KeHMH O TOM , HTO Hy>KHO MeHHTb MMp ( “ Bbl flOTDKHbl nOflTBep flMTb MOK) npaBOTy, noTOMy HTO X nyBCTByio ce6n HenpaBMnbHO noHHTMM M3-3a Toro, HTO BM cKa3anM ” ) MTIM nepeKniOHaTbCH Ha npMBMHHbie CTpaTerMM coBTia a HMH , B PO flllT npe naraeTCH npMHHTb npaB y, M STO Bcer,n;a 6 oTie3HeHHO. 3TO peaKi Mio caMOo6opoHbi, KOTopan ecTecTBeHHbiM

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fnaBa 2. flnajieKTMKa ,

paAMKa /ibHaa OTKpbiTocTb M caMoncc/ieAOBaHne

no3BonneT npeAno/io>XMTb, HTO MoryT CKpbiBaTb B

( T.e.

MblM PH Hac, HTO

jiyniiiMe BO3MO>XHOCTM RJW. 7IMHHOCTHOTO pocTa

TOM, HTO MM He XOTMM MeHHTb MTIM He CHMTaeM

B TOM TOHXe, B XOTOpOM

71

06/iaCTb

npo6/ieMOM

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npMHHTO Ha3bIBaTb YIOUCKOM C06cm6 eHHblX

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epdHUU, B PO flOT) .

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npo 6/ieMbi

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aToro npoijecca

MmeM A ^cxoM opTa. B AeMCTBMTe/ibxoponiMM Bonpoc, a He OTBCT. BbicTpbie

—

HaMTM

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name Bcero OTpa>xaiOT y>xe M3BecTHoe HaM M ABTHHOTCH cnoco6oM M36ec HeBe OMbiM M /IM 6o;ie3HeHHOM npaBAbi o TOM , HTO y Hac MO-

raHMfl KOHTaKTa

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3TO BOBce He pyMMHau, MH , noTOMy HTO MM He

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npaKTMK 0C03HaHH0CTM MMeHHO aKTMBHbIM nOMCKOM AMCKOM( )OpTa, KOTOpbIM OTKpbIBaeT HOBbie B03M0)XH0CTM o6yneHMfl , M 6/IOKMpOBaHMeM HeMeATieHHbIX OTBeTOB BMeCTO npOCTOrO Ha6/HOAeHMH 3a

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OTCTpaHeHHOCTM OT MblOieM MHM paCTBOpeHMH B nOTOKe 6 bITMH . PlMeHHO n03TOMy npeAno/iaraeTCH npoBe eHMe 3TOM npaKTMKM Ha npoTfl>xeHMM HecxonbXMx AHeM MTIM HeAenb M noApa3yMeBaeT B03M0>XH0CTb paccKa 3aTb APyrMM TO, HTO MBI o6 Hapy>KM;iM BO BpeMH MCcneAOBaHMH ce 6a , B npoijecce Tax Ha3biBaeMoro caMOpacKpbimuH ( CM. ypox 13) .

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CaMopacKpuntue B PO flllT npeAnonaraeTCH, HTO MM MO>xeM Tiynme noHHTb ce6n B “3epxane” BoenpMHTMH HaiHMX conneMeHHMXOB, earn ACTIMMCH CBOMMM OTKPMTMHMM M BHy TpeHHMMM nepe>KMBaHMHMM. 3HaneHMe 3Toro npoijecca npn MojeneHMM OT npo6neMHbIX COCTOHHMM, CBH3aHHbIX C Hpe3MepHbIM CaMOXOHTpOTieM, HeB03M0>KH0 nepeouieHMTb, Tax xax npM3HaHMe B CBOMX oiiiM6xax MTIM cna6 ocTHx ApyroMy nenoBexy no/iHOCTbio npOTMBOpeHMT CBOMCTBCHHOM TaxMM THOA^ M CXTIOHHOCTM X CXpbIBaHMK) CBOMX HyBCTB. 3TO TaX>Ke MOLUHail npaXTMXa COIJMaTIM3aiJMM, nocxonbxy npM3HaHMe CBoeM yn 3BMMOCTM cnoco6 cTByeT cxopee ycTaHOBTieHMio CBH3eii, a He MX pa3pymeHMio. B PO flnT MCXOAHT M3 npeAnonoxeHMH, HTO oxpy>xaioii]; Me CaMono3HaHne npn noMOnoMoraioT HaM 3aMeTMTb CTienbie miTHa, xo IAM BonpocoB npeflnoBa TOpbie Mbi He MOMCeM o6Hapy>XMTb CaMM M3-3a raeT noncx noflxoflBLAero Co 6 cTBeHHOM ABOMCTBeHHOCTM BOOipMflTMH, Bonpoca, a He OTBeia, HTO MO>KET 6 blTb HeOHeBMflHblM. OT XOTOpOM HeB03M0>XH0 M36 aBMTbCfl. fleTIHCb

72

fnaBa 2. Ana /ieKTHKa ,

paflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTOCTb M caMOMCC/ie / jOBaHMe

pe3ynbTaTaMM CBOMX Ha6niofleHMM c OKpyncaiomHMn , MM npoHB/ifleM CMnpeHne flaeT HaM >KM3Hb. 14 Bee 3TO nOMOra c nioftbMM, a TaK >Ke npeflocraB/ifleT MCKTnoHHTe/ibHyK) B03M0)KH0 CTb RJM TiMHHOCTHoro pocTa, noTOMy HTO Tenepb Harne TiMHHoe 6narononynne He 3aBncnT ncK /noHMTenbHO OT co6cTBeHHoro BocnpMHTMH. OnwTHbie MHCTpyKTOpbl flO/DKHbl C TOTOBHOCTblO JJ,eJlMTbCfl Ha6/IK>4eHHHMM M3 CBOeM npaK TMKM caMOMccneflOBaHMfl, TeM caMHM noompnH KHMeHTOB K 6onee cepbe3HOMy OTHOmeHMK) K 3TOM IIpaKTMKe ( TaK, eCTIM KHMeHTbl C TK He CKTIOHHbl BepMTb, HTO y enHTb BHMMaHMe 4MCKOM(})OpTy M 7IM OTKpbIBaTb CBOK) yH3BMMOCTb 3TO no7ie3HaH npMBMHKa, TO nyniLie CMOfte/iMpoBaTb nofto6Hoe noBe eHMe Ha npwMepe TpeHepa ). M rOTOBHOCTb npMHHTb ypOKM, KOTOpbie

eT ynyMuiMTb OTHOineHMH

^

—

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4nefinuK caMouccAedoSanun B PO flllT TepaneBTaM HacTOHTe/ibHO peKOMeHflyeTcn npaKTMKOBaTb HaBbiKM PO KaK B 7IMHHOM, TaK M B npO(J) eCCMOHanbHOM >KM3HM RJIH. 60Jiee y6eflMTe/IbHOro Mo enMpoBaHMH K/noneBbix KOHijenijnn PO, KOTopwe MO>KHO noHHTb To/ibKo Ha co6cTBeHHOM onbiTe (T.e. MX HCBO3MO>KHO noHHTb npM noMOiijH pa3MbimneHMM M7IM HTeHMH KHMr ) . OT TepaneBTOB TaK»;e 0>KM 4aeTCH nOCTOHHHa npaKTMKa ^ caMOMcaieftOBaHMfl M no KpanHen Mepe HeKOTopbiM onbiT B TOM, HTO B PO Ha 3bIBaeTCH HeBHMKOM CaMOMCCTieftOBaHMfl, T.e. B nMCbMeHHOM (J) MKCai MM Mbic nen, npeflcraBneHnn , omymeHMM M nyBCTB, KOTopwe B03HMKai0T BO BpeMH 3TOM npaKTMKM. Tax TepaneBT CMO^ceT Ha CO 6 CTBCHHOM onbiTe npoBepnTb 3(Jx})eKTMBHOCTb npaKTMKM M y/iynninTb noHMMaHMe npoijecca M 3HaneHMH caMOMCcne o-

^

^

^

^

BaHMH.

OnbiTHbie TpeHepbi ( M TepaneBTbi PO flllT), BnepBbie npe CTaBTifliomne npMHi Mnw npaKTMKM caMonccjieftOBaHMH , flo/mHbi noMOHb CBOMM KnneHTaM 3anMCaTb MX nepe>KHBaHMH , KOTOpbie B03HMKai0T y HMX BO BpeMH STOM npaK TMKM ( HanpMMep, BCCTM flHeBHMK , KynMB ATIH 3Toro cneijHa /ibHbiH 6TIOKHOT M /IM TETPA b). HTO MMCHHO c/ieftyeT nncaTb, pemaeT caM ynacTHMK. B TaKon AHCBHMK HEO 6x04MMO 3anMCbIBaTb TIMHHbie C7IO>KHOCTM , np03peHMH M BOnpOCbl o ce6e, KOTopwe 6yo;yT B03HMKaTb no Mepe npo;o;o/DKeHMH STOM npaKTMKM. TaK, npM He O6XO4MMOCTM TpeHep 40/DKeH HanoMMHaTb ynacranKaM rpynnbi o 6yneHMH PO, HTO BefleHMe noflo6Horo HeBHMKa STO TiMHHoe fteno Ka c oro M HTO OHM He ^ o6fl3aHbi HM c KeM enMTbCH ero co,n;ep>KHMbiM, BK /nonaH TepaneBTa M flpyrnx ynacTHMKOB rpynnbi ( CM. TaK >Ke rnaBy 7 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO flllT). B TO >Ke BpeMH TpeHepy HaBbiKOB PO cne yeT MCKaTb B03M0>KH0CTb noonjpnTb ynacTHMKOB noflxo MTb K 3ano7iHeHMK) HcypHana caMOMccne OBaHMH TBopnecKM.

^

^

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^

—

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^

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1 /iaBa 2 . flna^eKTMKa ,

paflMKa /ibHafl OTKpbiTocTb M caMOMCc/ieflOBaHMe

73

CaMouccAedo6aHue 6 pamnax mpenuma Ha6uKo6 PO B ije/iOM Bonpocbi RJIX caMono3HaHMH, KOTopwe TpeHep HaBbiKOB PO CTaBiiT nepefl OT,n;e/ibHbiMM ynacTHMxaMM rpynnw, HBTDHOTOI “ pa3orpeBOHHoii” Tex

. IIoaTOMy npM o6yneHMM KTIMCHTOB C TK TpeHepy Heo6xOflMMO MCKaTb B03M0>XH0CTJ1 flo6aBMTb He6o7IbHiyiO flOTIK MHflMBMflyanM 3MpoBaHHbix BonpocoB. TpeHepy CTOMT HanoMMHaTb XTineHTaM, HTO ijenb STOM HMXOM.

Tax

Bee Mbi yHMMCfl

)

—

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TOHHO Tax Ka >K ,nibiM pa3, Kor a TpeHep cra /iKOTOPOM K /rneHT He xoneT c paccTpowcTBOM, 3aMemaTe;ibCTB0M M /IM TpeBoron H3-3a TOTO, HTO KTIIIEHTBI c TK pearwpyioT Ha o6yneHne HaBbixaM PO He Tax, xax Haflo, eMy He CTieflyeT npMBbiHHo CHMTaTb, HTO npo6neMa 3ax /iK)HaeTCH McxmoHMTenbHO B X /IMeHTax. EMy caMOMy Heo6xoflMMO npw6 erHyTb x caMOMccneflOBaHMio: ffo KaKoii cmenenu x cau enadew amuM naebiKOM ? Kmo x maKou, nmo6u npednonaeamb, nmo ecmb monbKO odun cnoco6 naynumb amoMy naeuKy? Moxcem nu dumb, nmo obynenue amoMy naeuKy ne uueem cubicna bnx amoeo Henoeexa, necMompx na eeo cmunb coenabanux npu HOMOU U ceepxKonmponx? Heuy x Moey naynumbcx e amoii cumyaUfUU ? B

^

KMBaeTCH

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ocHOBono/iaraxHijMx npwHijMna

PO

CTBeHHoe B/iMHHMe Ha TO, KanbHax

omKpbimocmb n

JJJIT ,

oxa3biBax)T cymebuaneKmuKa, pabu-

xoTopbie

—

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npiiHijjinbi

IH TOTO, HTo6bI nOOIIjpHTb XOrHMTHBHO pMrMflHblX XTIMeHTOB

c IK , . w o onee 6 6 6 XO xoMnnexcHO iee / xax Tax TM AyMaTb oflHOBpeMeHHO flBe flwanex) , STO TMHecxMe nonapHOCTM xoTopwe name Bcero Mcno/ib3yK TCH B PO flllT, HenoKone6uuax yeepennocmb npomue ycmymueoeo omnycKanux M uepueax nenoHmumenbHocmb npomue coHyecmeywu eu cepbe3 nocmu. 3TH flManexTMHecxMe COCTOHHMH MoryT npwMeHHTbCH B xoM 6nHaijMM c npMHipinaMM paflMxanbHOM

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. ^ co6 no >xe PaflMxanbHaa OTxpbiTOCTb npe ^ Te o6nacTM >XM3HM, B xoTopbix B03HnxaeT 6 o M Tiynme c ^>xHOCTeM, 60 M 6ecnoxowcTBa. IIpw o6yHeHMM PO MCXO MM ^; nOHO>XeHMH , HTO He MO>XeM BMfleTb MHp TaXMM, XaXMM

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nonaraeT

HMi bi /io

3HaTb

Mbi

jm

XaXMMH eCTb Mbi,

cTBeHHbie

rpa-

/ibine Bcero

noHHTb

Mbi

ero TaXMM,

/iaHMe

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M3 npefl-

OH eCTb Mbi

BMflMM

B Xa >XflbIH MOMeHT BpeMeHM HaM CBOMCTBeHHa

74

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F /iaBa 2. flna /ieKTMKa , paAMKa /ibHaa OTKpbiTOCTb M caMOncc/ie,qoBaHMe

BOMCTBeHHOCTb BOCIIpMHTMH , M 3Ta bITb

flBOMCTBeHHOCTb

MeUiaeT Cn 0C06H0CTM

OTKpblTblMM M TOTOBblMM yHMTbCfl Ha OCHOBe HOBOM M HdlpHHTHOM MH -

4>opMai^ MM. 3TOT KTHOHCBOM npMHi^ nn PO o6ycnoBnMBaeT M36paHHbie cnoco6bi neveHitn .

OTKpbITbCH o6paTHOM CBH3M MO>KeT 6 bITb CTpaiHHO M7IM C/I0>KH0, B OC()6eH HOCTM earn o6 paTHa« cBH3b He cooTBeTCTByeT HameMy BOOIPHHTMIO ce6 n M MWPA. Kor a TaKoe c/iyHaeToi, B PO fllTT noomp/ieTai npaKTMKa caMOMccne oBaHMH. OHa no,n;pa3yMeBaeT roTOBHOCTb ycoMHMTboi B co6 cTBeHHbix y6e>Kfle HMHX, ,n;a>Ke B Tex, KOTOpbie MM O 6MHHO BoenpMHMMaeM xax ( j)aKTbi M /IM MCTM Hy. Cne yeT npw 3HaTb, HTO B onpefleneHHOM cTeneHM To/ibKO MM OTBenaeM 3a co6cTBeHHoe BoenpM/rme M flewcTBMfl, HO npn STOM Ba >KHO He CKaTbiBaTbcn o6BMHeHHM ce6 x M OKpy^CaiOmMX MJM MMpa, a Ky/IbTMBMpOBaTb HanMHMe 3,0,0-

^

^

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pOBOM flO/IM COMHeHMM , KOTOpafl nOMOraeT yHMTbCfl HOBOMy M >KMTb B COOTBeTOHa npeflnO/iaraeT OTKa3 OT aBTOMaTMHeCKOM

CTBMM C TIMHHblMM IjeHHOCTflMM.

3amMTHOM peaKijMM M roTOBHOCTb 3a aBaTb ce6e Bonpocbi

^

flaace Tor a, Kor a MM

^

^

CTpax wm CTanKMBaeMCfl co CJIO>KHOCTHMM . IJe/ib npaKTMKii caMOHairm xopoiiiMM Bonpoc, a He OTBCT. wccneflOBaHMH

MCNBITBIBAEM

—

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^

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y/iyHHieHMio oTHomeHMM.

rAABA 3

Pa6 oTa HaA npo6 AeMaTMHHbiM noBeAeHweM BO BpeMB TpeHnHra

PO

HaBbIKOB

B

He Bbi 3 biBaiOT npo 6/ieM vum c/iomiocTen , no KpanHen Mepe B OTHomeHnn xaoca MTIH 6 ecKOHTpo/ibHoro noBeAe HUH . M AencTBMTenbHO, B K /iaccax c K /ineHTaMM c IK AndjnnnnHa co6;noAaeTCJi KaK

ije;iOM 3 aHHTMH

c

KHMeHTaMM

c TK o 6 biHHO

Hnrfle, B nepByio onepeflb noTOMy, HTO Taxne K /ineHTbi

ijeHHT CTpyKTypnpo -

n orpaHnneHnn , O 6 WHHO AwcijnnTiHHnpoBaHbi , CTapaTe/ib n ncno/iHHTenbHbi npn o6meHnn B o ni nanbHbix cnTyaunax. K co^cane-

BaHHOCTb, KOHTpOTib Hbi

^^

6biTb Bee BpeMH ncnojiHMTe/ibHbiM nnn xopoinnM He TonbKO yTOMMTenbHo, HO n npeBaTO onpeAeneHHbiMM npo 6/ieMaMH . KnneHTbi c IK — y3HMKn cBoero CaMOKOHTpOTIH , M MX eCTeCTBeHHafl CKTIOHHOCTb nOAaB /IBTb ( KOHTpOTinpOBaTb ) Bbipa)KeHne co6 cTBeHHbix nyBCTB 3 aTpyAHaeT noHHMaHne OKpy>KaK)mHMn nx ncTMHHbix HaMepeHnn n CKpbiTyio >Ka>KAy o 6meHHH . BMCCTO npnopnTH3aijMn HMK),

yperynnpoBaHMH SMOIJHH n KOHTponnpoBaHHoro nx Bbipa ceHna n noBeAeHnn , KOTopoe He 3aBMCMT OT HacTpoeHwa , npn o 6yneHnn HaBbixaM PO aKijeHT Rejia. eTca Ha HenocpeACTBeHHOM BbipaaceHnn nyBCTB, nrpnBOCTM n caMono3HaHnn npn noMomn caMoncc/ieAOBaHna AHH ynpenneHna OTHomeHnn c ApyrnMn. TaKMM o 6 pa30M, ypoxn o6yHeHna HaBbixaM PO HanpaB/ieHbi Ha TO, HTO6M npOTMBMTbCH eCTeCTBeHHOM TeHAeHU,MM K CAep CaHHOCTM M KOHTpOTinpOBaHMK)

^

-

^

ce6a , xapaKTepHbix RJIK npe3MepHoro caMOKOHTpo/iH. Ho HecMOTpH Ha onaceHHH , KOTopbie MHorAa B03HMKai0T y TepaneBTOB, TOTibKO naynaiomnx PO flllT, 3aHHTMB no o6yHeHMK) HaBbIKaM PO peAKO npOXOAHT B nOTIHOM TMIHHHe; OHM OTBMHaiOTCH HaCTblMM B3pbIBaMM CMexa, CMBblMM paCCKa 3aMM M MCKpeHHCM ^ omymeHneM Bceo6men noAAepncxn B npoijecce caMono3HaHnn. ( Moio yBepeH A ^HHoro yTBepncACHna noAnnTbmaioT 6o;iee ABaAijara /ieT npaKTMKM n onbiTa nccneAOBaHnn B o6yneHnn, cynepBM3nn n

HocTb B OTHomeHnn KjiMHnnecKOM

PO B paMKaX pa3HbIX nporpaMM n caMocTOHTenbHon pa 6oTbi no BceMy Mnpy c KnneHTaMn caMbix pa3Hbix B 03pacT0B n c caMbiMH pa3HbiMn npo6/ieMaMn; CM. r /iaBy 1 OCHOBHOTO yne6-

OTTaHHBaHHM HaBbIKOB npOBeACHMB TpeHMHrOB HaBbIKOB

HMKa

no PO

flllT.) Ho co3AaHne CTO/ib BOOAyineB/unomen o6yHaiomen cpeAbi

Tpe6yeT He TO/ibKO noHnMaHna K /noneBbix

J

( ) opM

AC3aAanTMBHoro noBeAeHMH

Vnasa 3 . Pa 6oia HaA npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAOHMeM . ..

76

6noxnpoBaTb o6meHne ( npn npaBAono) , cnoco oco3HaTb co6cTBeHHoe noBeAeHMe n 6 HOcra H 6 HOM HO OTpHuaHmi AO e 6 Ha BTIHAIOT y >KAeHMH xoTOpbie TepaneBTMnecxyx) cpeAy M MoryT HeHaMepeHHO npeAOCTaBMTb ycMTiMTb Ae3aAanTMBHbiM caMOKOHTponb. 3aAana STOM rnaBbi o63op Han 6o;iee pacnpocTpaHeHHbix npo 6neM, c xoTopbiMM CTanKMBaiOTCH TpeHepbi no o6yneHMK) HaBbixaM B pa6oTe c x /meHTaMH c IK, a Tax >xe cnoco6oB MX npeoAoneHMH npn noMomn npuHijunoB PO. nppi CBepxKOHTpone, xoTopwe MoryT

)

—

ECAM 3aHHTMe npOXOAMT B THUIMHe ECTIM BO BpeMfl 3aHHTMM no o6yHeHMK) HaBbixaM PO ynacTHHKM BeAyT ce6n 6e3ynacTHO, He pearnpyiOT Ha npn3biBbi TpeHepa n xancyTcn OTcyTCTByioIAHMH HecKO/ibKO HeAe/ib xpnAy> TpeHepy CTOHT Bocno;ib30BaTbCfl STOM BO3MO>XHOCTbK) AHH 7IMHHOM npaKTMKM PO. MHOrfla TMUIMHa M7IH yApyneHHOCTb, KOTOpaH nyBCTByeTCH Ha 3aHHTMM, B TOHHOCTM OTpa >xaeT Tnxyio M /IM yApynaionj;yK) MaHepy BefleHUH 3aHHTnn. Haine MCcneAOBaHne noKa3WBaeT, HTO 6o7ibmnHCTBO TepaneBTOB CKTIOHHbl K COBTiaflaHMIO npM nOMOEAM CBepXKOHTpOHH. TaK, TpeHep HaBbl KOB PO, CKTiOHHbin K mnepxoHTpo/ix), MO>xeT MHorAa HenpeAHaMepeHHo ycnnn BaTb CTpeMneHne K ocTopo>XHOCTH vum nep(f )exijHOHH3My y xnneHTOB, C/IMIUXOM cnnbHO CTapancb CAenaTb Bee npaBM /ibHO wm CHHTan cnmnxoM cno>XHbiMM npaxTMKy ACHTenbHOCTM 6e3 n /iaHMpOBaHMH M Heo6xOAHMOCTb npOHBTIHTb Co6cTBeH Hyio yH3BMMOCTb, MrpMBOCTb MTIJl B03MO>KHOCTb nOXa3aTbCH TTiynblM, KOrAa Toro Tpe6yeT cirryaijHH. TaxHM o6pa30M, BMCCTO Toro MTO6W no npwBbiHxe MCXOAHTB M3 npeAnono ceHMH, HTO CTIO>XHOCTM xpox)Tcn B xnneHTax, TpeHepy HaBHKOB PO ^ cneAyeT npaxTnxoBaTb caMonccneAOBaHwe M o6pamaTbcn 3a noMon bio K cynepBM3opy ( HanpMMep, Ha Bcrpenax xoHcynbTaHTOB PO ) RJIX TOTO, HTO 6BI BbWBMTb noTeHi wanbHbie cnenwe MecTa n wcnonb30BaTb npnHijnnbi PO MaxcHManbHO afy 4>eKTMBHO. Hunce npuBeAeHbi npuMepw BonpocoB RJIX caMonccneAOBaHnn. • Kaxne coijnanbHbie cnrHanw c Moen cTopoHbi Mornn Bbi3biBaTb y ynacTHMKOB OTCTpaHeHHocTb HTiM HeAOBepue?

TMXO,

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HacKonbKo paccna6neHHbiM x ce6n nyBCTByio BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH ? B xaxon x AewcTBMTenbHo BnaAex) H3naraeMMM MaTepnanoM ? flocTaTOHHo NM x BbiAenw /i BpeMeHn Ha nnHHyio npaxraxy STMX HaBbiKOB? Mo>xeT nn oxa3aTbcn Tax, HTO onpeAeneHHan nacTb Meux He BepnT B TO, HTO 3TM HaBbIXM ACMCTBeHHbl, M 7IM B TO, HTO X MOiy MMM npeHe 6peHb ?

CTeneHn

•

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npaxTMxn caMOHCc/ieAOBaHMfl ,

77

pe/iaxcaijHM vum Hacna^c HMH no/moM imu, c 6e3ynacTHbiM, paBHOflyniHblM M7IM HenCXpeHHHM Bbipa>XeHMeM. ripHHHHa KpoeTCH B TOM, HTO MbI 3B07H0LJM0HH0 mnepHyBCTBMTenbHbl K B 03M0>KHbIM npH3HaxaM COIjna /IbHOTO HenpMHHTMH. HanpnMep, OAHO M3 Mcc/ieAOBaHnn noKa3biBaeT, HTO MM Mo>xeM oneHb 6 bicTpo pacno3HaTb B Tonne ne/iOBexa co 3/IBIM Bbipa ceHweM ninja, M Ta ^ xne nmja npMKOBbmaiOT K ce6e Harne BHMMaHwe [ E. Fox et al , 2000; Schupp et al , 2004]. fljia Haimix npe KOB, >XHBIHMX B cypoBbix ycnoBnnx, Hecnoco6HOCTb pacno3HaTb cMTHanw ncxpeHHero HeoAo 6peHnn Morna o6onTMCb CTIMIHKOM Aoporo. I43rHaHMe M3 nneMeHn Run Hamnx nepBo6 biTHbix npeflKOB 6bi/io paBHoijeHHO cMepTHOMy npnroBopy. TaxnM o 6 pa30M , Mbi 6 no/ioniHecxn cx /iOHHbi K COIJM a /ibHon TpeBO^cHOCTM, a cnoco6HOCTb pacno3HaBaTb Heoflo 6peHMe co cTopoHbi oxpy>xaK> miix, B oco6eHHOCTM B flBycMbic/ieHHbix CMTyaijMHx ( HanpwMep, npw 6e3y4acTHOM, paBHO yuiHOM Bbipa^ceHwn jmija HTIM cna6bix npOBB/ieHMHx 3MOIJMM ) , 3a /io>KeHa B Hac reHeranecxH. Tax, orpaHnneHne 3pnTe/ibHoro xoHTaxTa BO BpeMH o6 nj,eHMH Bbi3bmaeT HeraTMBHbie SMOijnn , CBH3aHHbie c nrHopnpoBaHneM nnn ocTpaKM3MOM [ Wirth, Sacco, Hugenberg, & Williams, 2010]. Bo/iee TOTO, B cnTyaijunx, xorAa CBo6oAHoe BbipanceHne SMOIJMH 6e3onacHo, o6menpMHHTO wm o>xnAaeMO ( xax Ha 3aHHTMH no o6yneHHX) HaBbixaM PO, Ha CBMflaHMM , B cnope c cynpyroM win Ha BenepMHxe ), flncKOM(J)opT, xoTopbin BH 3biBaeT 6e3ynacTHoe ( n /IM HencxpeHHee ) Bbipa ceHne nnu;a, B03HnxaeT He To/ibxo ^ M3-3a OTCyTCTBMH BbipmeHMH HyBCTB, HO H H3-3a OHeBMflHOrO OTCyTCTBMH npOcoijManbHOCTH M B3anMHOCTM ( HanpnMep, y/ibi6xn n /IM OAo6pnTenbHbix XMBXOB). Tax, xorfla xnneHTbi c TK nocroHHHO MacxnpyiOT MTIM noAaB/wiOT CBOM nyBCTBa BO BpeMil 3aHHTMM, HaiH M03T HaHMHaeT aBTOMaTHHeCXH BOCnpMHMMaTb 3TO xax cMTHan HeflOBepnn M /IM HeoAo 6peHn /i. Kor a cnrHanbi He>xe/iaHHfl HATH Ha XOH TaxT ( HanpnMep, xnneHT CMOTpnT B CTopoHy, xorAa eMy 3aflax)T Bonpoc) WIM. npwHMMaTb ynacTue B nponcxoAHiijeM ( HanpnMep, OTcyTCTByKmjHM B3DIHA) npoHBTIHIOTCH nocTOHHHO HecxoTibXMMM ynacTHuxaMH rpynnw, y Hac noHB/meTOi onjyujeHne Heoflo6 peHMH, M MM MO>xeM HanaTb Becra ce6n 3acTeHHHBO. Teno CTaHOBMTCH Hanpn >xeHHbiM, A ixaHMe ynanjeHHbiM M noBepxHOCTHbiM, cepAije6M ^ , eHne ynanjaeTCH xax n noTOOTfleneHne, a BbipanceHne /imja M cecTbi cTaHOBHTcn ^ 6o;iee cflep>xaHHbiMM. Mbi Tep^eM nerxocTb B o6meHMM, M HaM CTaHOBMTCii cnoyK Hee npoHB/iHTb ncxpeHHee flpyncenx)6 ne vum npn3bmaTb x B3aMMO,a;eMCTBiix) 6e3 onjyn eHMB cjianbinn. IIpo6neMa B TOM, HTO RJW. xnneHTOB c TK 6e3ynacTHoe BH npoijeccoM

OT

6yn,eT Mano nonb3bi

^

Ha 3aHjrmn ,

^

^

^

—

^

panceHne nnija BnonHe xapaxTepHO, n 3TO flenaeT BnonHe TnnuHHbiM TpeHepa nerxoe onjynjeHne cMymeHMH, 3aMemaTe/ibCTBa vum 3acTeHHMBocTn. B 3TOH CMTyaijMM MHCTpyxTopy CTOMT npn3BaTb ce6e Ha noMonjb SBOHIOIJMOH HO 6onee Mono yx) n MeHee noflBep>xeHHyK) BnnHHnio SMOI MM cncTeMy, xoTopax

^

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no A ^BaTbCH

^

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vum

78

f /iaBa 3. Pa 6oia Hafl npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAeHMeM...

6e3ynacTHoro Bbipa^ceHMH ninja, KOTopoe MO>KHO Ha6nK>AaTb y MHOrax ynacTHHKOB 3aHHTnn. Ba>KHO He nbiTaTbcn M36encaTb 3TOM AwneMMbi npii nOMOHJM KOTHMTMBHOrO OTCTpaHeHMH M7IM nepeiOIIOHeHMH BHMMaHMfl Ha 4> aKTbI, a BOcnonb30BaTbcn TeMM npeMMynjecTBaMM, KOTopwe AaiOT HaM penb n cnoco6HOCTb pacno3HaBaTb cnraanbi noAaB/ieHMH MTIM OTBep)KACHnH nyBCTB Been rpynnon M /IM OTAejibHbiMM ee ynacTHmcaMM, He 3a6biBan 06 aBonioijnoHHon 06ycnoBneHHoc 3Toro npoijecca n npeAB3HT0 CTM B cyncAeHwnx. 3TO noHMMaHne MoncHO ncnonb30 BaTb p,m noAflepncaHHH ycn /inn , Heo6xoAMMbix AHH Toro, HTO 6bl He COnpOTMBTIHTbCH npMBblHKe CKpbIBaTb M7IM IIOAaB/IHTb Bbipa>KeHMe HyBCTB. B cynjHOCTM, TpeHep AOJDKCH npennTCTBOBaTb no6y >KAeHMHM noAaBnnTb Bbipa>KeHne nyBCTB Ha 3aHHTMHX rpynnw, OT KOTopon TpyAHO Ao6nTbcn peaiajMM, n BMecTO 3Toro Bbipa>KaTb coijManbHbie CMrHanbi npn3biBa K coTpyAHnnecTBy n Apy>KenK)6MH ( npM noMonjM npnnoAHMMaHMH 6 poBen , CAepncaHHOM y/ibi6KM, iHMpoKMx ncecTOB M paccna6/ieHHoro nononceHim Te /ia ) . Xopoman HOBOCTB COCTOMT B TOM, HTO npM3bIBbI K B3aMMOAeMCTBMK) OTHOCMTeTIbHO neTKO Bbipa>KaTb 4)M3MHecKM, TorAa Kax n/ioxan HOBOCTB 3aKniOHaeTcn B TOM, HTO ncnxonornHecKM 3TO MonceT 6BITB onO>KHO, noTOMy HTO nacTO npOTMBopeHMT TOMy, neMy TepaneBTa ynn /in paHee, M / M /IM TOMy, HTO MonceT Ka3aTbcn HeyMecTHMM B OTHomeHnn Tex nyBCTB, KOTopbie B STOT MOMeHT BpeMeHM wcnbiTbiBaeT caM TpeHep ( Taicnx, Kax pa3ApanceHPie, HeoAo6 peHne M /IM CTBIA ). Ba>KHO, HTO6M TepaneBT noHMMan, HTO noAo6Hbie peaiojnn HeyMecTHbi, noTOMy HTO K /noneBaH 3aAana Tepannn c KniieHTaMM c TK COCTOMT B MOAennpoBaHMM OTKpbiToro nponBTieHim nyBCTB n yH3BMMOCTM Ha 7IMHHOM npMMepe. TaK)Ke Ba^CHO nOHMMaTb TO, HTO TpeBO)KHOCTb B KanecTBe peaKijnn Ha He npocoijMa /ibHoe noBeAeHMe OKpy>KaK)iijMX o6ycnoBneHa 3BomoijnoHHO M B no/mon Mepe KOHTponnpoBaTb ee He MoryT Aance caMbie OAapeHHbie TepaneBTbi. fl /m M3MeHeHMH 3TOM A HaMnicn TepaneBTW AOTDKHBI ^ 6biTb roTOBbi TIMHHO npaKTMKOBaTb TO, HTO OHM npenoAaiOT, M /iyHinen npaxTMKOM 6yAeT ncenaHMe MATM Bpa 3pe3 c BHyTpeHHMM no6y >KAeHneM M36 eraTb, aTaxoBaTb, noAaB/nrrb, npnTaTb CBOM nyBCTBa MTIM noTaxaTb MM, a TaioKe c TeM, neMy yHMHM paHee, noAnepKMBan 3HaneHMe CAepncaHHOCTM. BMCCTO Bcero 3TOTO CNEAYET OTKpbITO IIpOHBTIHTb Co6cTBeHHyiO yH3BMMOCTb M paAOCTb CaMOMCCne AOBaHMH, OTKa3aBIHMCb OT Cepbe3HOCTM M yHbUIOrO TOHa. IIOAo 6Hbie CMTHanbl AeMOHCTpMpyiOT Been rpynne ( M caMMM TpeHepaM ) He TOJIBKO TO, HTO He HyncHO CTblAMTbCH BbipanceHMH CBOMX HyBCTB, yH3BMMOCTM M 7IM MrpMBOCTM, a TaiOKe TO, MMMMKpwM

—

6/IM30 CTM. Hnnce nepenMcneHbi AononHMTenbHbie noAxoAbi RJW pa6 oTbi c TMXOM M 6e3y nacTHOM rpynnoM. OHM pacniMpnT TO BKO HTO npMBeAeHHbie coo 6 pa >KeHMH . ^ • JJeMOHCTpMpyiiTe PO, npnMO o6paujaHCb 3a KpMTMHecKOM o6paTHoii CBH 3bio K rpynne. HanpMMep, cnpocMTe: WBO3MO>KHO, ceMHac npoM3omno

HTO 3TO MO)KeT CnOCo6cTBOBaTb

OiaBa 3. Pa 6oia Hafl npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHMeM ...

-

HTO TO, HTO ycnoneHnno Barne aKTHBHoe ynacTne B Hamen COBMCCTHOM

6oTe ? ” 06panj;aTbCH 3a o6paTHon

79

pa-

cBH3bio Tiynme Bcero B COCTOHHHH CO -

CTpaflaTe/ibHOM cepbe3HOCTM ( leoTopan BbipaneaeTcn npwnoAHHTbix 6poBen, Tennon ynbi6KM, HecKO/ibieo

npn noMomn cneriea 6onee HM3Koro TOHa

ronoca n cneriea 3aMeAneHHoro TeMna penn co 3pnTe;ibHbiM KOHTaKTOM no B03MOneHOCTH C Ka>KflbIM ynaCTHHKOM ) , TeM CaMbIM fleMOHCTpnpyH OTHomeHne K KpnTniee Kan K rnaBHOMy cpe CTBy o6yHeHnn , a He K cnraany TpeBorn ( leoTopbin AeMOHCTpnpyeTcn npn noMomn HaxMypeHHbix 6 poBen nnn yflpyneHHoro BbipaneeHnn nnija).

^

• IlflMTe HanepeKop no6yneAeHHio “ Becm ce6n TMXO

wm ocjmijMaTibHo,

, cnoco6cTByioiii;ne

Boccraffenan ^eneHanpaBneHHO omymeHMH 6e3onacHOCTM co CTopoHbi ynacTHHKOB. Kax yiea -

i

ninpoiene neecTbi

HOBTieHMio

3MBa /iocb paHee, 6e3ynacTHoe BbipaneeHne Jimja Hbin cnnia /i,

•

—

3TO

MOIAHMH coijna /ib-

o HeAOBepnn n /in HeoAo6peHnn n Bbi3biBaeT aHanornnHoe BbipaneeHne nnija y pennnneHTa. MHcrpyKTop MoneeT o6 paTMTb 3TOT npoijecc BcnflTb npn noMonjn HeBep6anbHoro noBefleHnfl, Bbipaneaioujero cnMnamio nnn AOBepne, HanpnMep npn noMomn Ten /ion y/ibi6 ien, pacc/ia6neHHon no 3 bi n npnnoAHHTbix 6 poBen B npoijecce o6nj,eHMH n / nnn mnpoKnx >KecTOB. Ha3HananTe cjiynaiiHbiM o6pa30M ynacTHmcoB AJIH HTCHUH BCJiyx c/ieAyiomero nyHKTa M3 pa3 aTOHHbix MaTepnanos MJIM pa6 onnx Ta6;inij. 3TO noMoraeT pa3pyinnTb 6apbep TninnHbi, a Heo6xoAMMOCTb HTeHnn BceMn ynacTHMKaMn no onepeAn no3BO/ineT nepe aTb nAeio o Hen36 eneHOM aKTOBHOM ynacran Ha 3amrmn. BaneHO, HTO 6M TpeHep He pa3peman yHacTHMKaM nponycieaTb CBOIO onepeAb, noTOMy HTO 3TO nocnynenT noATBep>KAeHneM Toro, HTO naccnBHOCTb Bno/me npneM /ieMa, n noBbiCMT BepoHraocTb TaKoro nee noBeAeHnn co CTopoHbi Apyrnx ynacTHnieoB. M XOTH KANEETCH , HTO 6e3onacHee He npnHnMaTb aieraBHoe ynacTne B 3aHflran , KnneHT, KOTopbin OTKa3biBaeTcn 3TO Ae /iaTb, noHTM Hen 36 eneHO ACMOH CTpnpyeT 6o/iee BHCOKMM ypoBeHb TpeBoneHoern n nyBCTByeT ce6n HeyAaHHMKOM ( no o6 meMy npn 3HaHnio, MMCHHO pemeHne OTiea3aTbcn OT yna CTMH co3AaeT 6onbme Bcero npo6neivi ). TpeHep AonneeH 6 biTb TOTOB 3aAa 6pnBaTb, yroBapnBaTb, “yMac BaTb” M BCHHCCKM noompnTb ynacTHMKOB, AeMOHCTpnpyion MX HeneenaHne HMTaTb Bcnyx npn HacTynneHnn nx onepeAM , n 3aTeM B03HarpaneAaTb nx 3a npn /ionceHHbie ycnnnn ( “ OTnnHHan pa6oTa!” nnn “ Xopomo!” ). PlHorAa none3Ho HanoMHnTb cnnniKOM ynpnMbiM nnn 3acTeHHnBbiM ynacTHnnaM, HTO OHn MoryT cnpnTaTbcn ( OT HencenaTenbHoro BHnMaHnn ), eenn cpa3y nee npncTynnT K HTeHnio ( He 3a6 biBanTe, HTO KnneHTbi c TK He nio6nT HaxoAHTbcn B CBeTe COCJJHTOB ) . Kax TO/ibKO KOTopwn CBMfleTenbCTByeT

^

^

^

80

f/iaBa 3. PaOoia Ha ,q npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAenmeM ... TaKOM

ynacTHMK npoflBMT aKTMBHOCTb Ha 3aHHTnn, HMTan BC/iyx (fla ce oflHO CHOBO ) , He CTOMT ^caneTb OnaroAapHoern n cpa -

^

ecTiM 3TO Bcero /inuib

3y >Ke, KaK caMO Ha

co6on

pasyMeionjeeai, cne yeT nepex /noHMTb BHMMaHwe ( HTO-TO Apyroe CHHTB AaBneHwe ) , HanpMMep oOpaTHTbca K Knaccy n /in

^

ApyroMy ynacranKy B COOTBCTCTBHM C nnaHOM 3aHHTMB.

• Mcno;ib3yHTe ABMaceHne M 6eccMbiaieHHyio BOKann3au;mo AM CHHTMH Hanpn ceHM ( CM. ypoK 12) .

•

HanpMMep, 6e3 npeAynpe>KAeHM>i cxa>KMTe: ^ “ Xoporno, AaBawTe noxnonaeM B MAOIM . IIoAHMMMTe pyKM M HanHMTe xnonaTb, OAHOBpeMeHHO ynbi6aiicb M npM3breaa B3TMAOM ynacTHMKOB AenaTb TO )Ke caMoe: “Xoporno, BCTaeM ”. BcTaHbTe, npoAOTDKaa xnonaTb. “ Xo pomo, Tenepb noBTop^MTe 3a MHOM! IIpoAOTDKaMTe xnonaTb M OAoOpnio nje ynbi6aTbcn: “Cxa cMTe XA (xnonoK ) , cKa >KMTe XA (xnonoK ) , cKa >KMTe ^ XO (xnonoK ), CKa >KMTe XO (xnonoK ), CKa >KMTe XA -XA , XO-XO, XA -XA, XO-XO! Xoporno, a Tenepb noKanMBaMTe Te/iOM... M noTAHMTecb B He6o... CKa cMTe XAAAA XAAAA XAAAA M XEE XEE XO!” IIoompflMTe Aa>Ke ^ cna6 bie nonbiTKM npMHATb ynacTMe ( HanpMMep, noKanMBaHMe TOHOBOM M Twxoe menoTOM XA ) ynw6KOM M KMBKOM oAo6peHMH, OAHOBpeMeHHO MTHopwpyfl noBeAeHwe, CMrHanM3Mpyioii];ee o He^cenaHMM npMHMMaTb yna crae ( HanpMMep, 3aKaTbiBaHMe rna 3 M HaxMypeHHbie 6 poBn ) . 3aKOHHMTe npaKTMKy Tax >xe BHe3anHO , xax n Hana /iM , nonpocMB Bcex cecTb: “ Xopomo, OTTIMHHO cnpaBMTiMCb. Tenepb AaBaiiTe CHA ^M! A 3aTeM c uinpoxoM y;ibi6KOM CHAbTe 3a CTOTI M cxa >KMTe: “fla? ” M 3aTeM 6e3 nay3bi, KOTopaa AaCT B03MO>KHOCTb o6cyAMTb 3Ty npaKTMKy, BepHMTeCb K AMCKyCCMM B coOTBeTCTBMM c rniaHOM ypoxa. Ba >KHO, HTO 6 H npaKTMKa “AenTe /ibHOCTM 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHM^” AM /iacb He 6onee 30-60 c ( CM. ypox 12 ). Mcno^b3yMTe npMHLjnn ECTIM KMCHT He HACT K nneMeHM , TO nycTb n e^ MH MAeT K HeMy”. TpeHMHr oOyneHMH HaBbixaM PO cneipia /ibHO pa3pa6oTaH Tax, HTO6BI ero ynacTHMKM MOHIM nonyBCTBOBaTb ce 6 n OAHMM nne MeHeM. B Tex ManoBepoHTHbix c/iynaflx, KorAa ynacTHMKM OTKa3biBaiOTOi npMHMMaTb ynacTMe B “ AenTe/ibHOCTM 6e3 n /iaHMpoBaHMfl ”, KaK, HanpMMep, B TO/ibKo HTO onMcaHHOM , TpeHep AO/DKCH npocTO nepeBepHyTb CBOM MH CTpyKU|MM c HOT Ha ronoBy, cxa3aB TeM ynacTHMKaM, KOTopbie CTOHT: OTTIMHHO! IIpoAon CMM, caAMTecb”. M nocTie STOTO CO cnerKa npMnoAHHTMMM ^ 6 poBBMM M nerKoii ynbi6KOM ( M 6e3 KaKMx-nn6o AanbHeMiiiMx KOMMeHTapn eB) npoAO/DKMTb npoBOAMTb ynpa cHeHMe CM AH. B npoijecce nonpoOyMTe ^ yCTaHOBMTb 3pMTe7IbHbIM KOHTaKT C ynaCTHMKOM, OTKa3aBIHMMCfl BCTaBaTb ( HTO6M Bbipa 3MTb eMy cBoe MCKpeHHee npMrnaineHMe npMcoeAMHMTbcn K rpynne, M36eran KaKMx-nM 6o npoHB/ieHMM HeoAo 6peHMfl ). EC/IM yAacTcn yCTaHOBMTb 3pMTe7IbHbIM KOHTaKT, Heo6xOAMMO ynbl 6HyTbCfl M, B03MO>K -

[jiaBa

3. PaGoia HaA npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAehmeM .. .

81

cnerxa xMBHyTb ro/iOBOM ( Bbipa>xaji TaxMM o6pa30M CMMnaTMX) M npM Mrpe; CM. TaiOKe ypoK 22 ). Ba >XHO, HTO6M MHCTpyxTop npoBOMMHM -ynpa >xHeHMe Tax, 6yATO HMHero He c/iynM /iocb, T.e. cneAyiomee RVUI HanaTb c npeAno>xeHMH BceM BCTaTb. Hanje Bcero ynacTHMXM- HOHXOH opHO,

manieHMe K

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MMCTbl HeXOTH C7ieAyX)T

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Bbipa3MTb cBoe yAOBonbCTBMe OT

nocne 3aHHTMH

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S Earn Tbi He xoneiiib npMCoeAMHHTbcn K HaM, MM npMCoeAMHMMcn K Te 6e. S Mbi

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•

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. Tax HTO MMCHHO naccMBHOCTb AenaeT ynacTHMXOB 3aMeTHbiMM! HanpMMep, OTxa3 neTb MHM TaHijeBaTb Ha BenepMHxe nacTO MonceT noxa3aTbCH IIpOHBneHMeM He3aBMCMMOCTM, HO 3aTCM 3TO HaCTO IIpMBOAMT X nOnneMeHM

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•

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82

Diasa 3 . Pa 6oia HaA npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAOHMeM .. . nnpoBaHnn coijnanbHon OTBeTCTBeHHOCTM ”, npnBeACHHoro Aanee B STOH rnaBe ) . He 3a6 biBanTe , HTO XOTH AC(})HIJHT coijHanbHbix cnraanoB n ycnonc HBeT

TK omynjeHne conpnHacTHocTn (Tax >xe, KaK n RJW — omymeHne conpnHacTHocTn c HHMH ), B ijenoM noBeAeHne npn

Ann

Apyrnx

KnneHTOB C

no CBoen npnpoAe ( HanpnMep , 3annaHnpoBaH HanepeA ynacTne B oOmecTBeHHbix CO6MTHHX). 3TOT noAxoA nynrne Bcero npwMeH Tb TIMHHO ( HanpnMep, BO BpeMn nepepbma ) , neM ny6nnn^

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nacTO npocoijnanbHO

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HO nepeA Been

rpynnon. 3aAana Taxoro oBcyncAeHnn

COCTOMT B

ncnonb30BaTb caMonccneAOBaHne RJW n 3yneHnn Toro ,

xax

npn3bme

naccnBHOCTb

KnneHTa ( oTcyTCTBne coijnanbHbix cnraanoB ) Mo>xeT noBnnnTb Ha Apyrnx ynacTHMKOB , n Toro , Hacxonbxo noAo 6Hoe noBeAeHne cooTBeTCTByeT nnn -

( 6onee ACTanbHO 3TOT noAXOA onncaH B pa3Aene “Ono3n HeBbinonHeHne AOManiHnx 3aAaHnn” Aanee B STOM rnaBe ) . AaHHH • CmiflcaifTe AasneHne npn noMomn MCTopnii MJIM MeTa op ( HanpnMep, ncTopnn, KOTopyio n MHorAa Ha3biBaio “ Hynoio Bcero 30 c, HTO6M noHHTb”, npnBeAeHHyio B cneAyx> meM pa 3Aene ). KnneHTbi c npe3MepHbiM caMoxoH TponeM BpHA nn noAennTcn nnHHon nH(})opMau;nen nnn 6yAyT 3aAaBaTb Bonpocbi nepeA rpynnon , B oco 6eHHOcrn eenn OHn HOBnnxn. HcTopnn n MeTacJ)opbi noMoraiOT n3MeHnTb HacTpoeHne rpynnw , ycTpaHnB Bee HeHyncHbie oncnAaHnn (yMeHbiiian AaBneHne ) , HO He nonHOCTbK) OTxa 3aBmncb OT HHX (Tax xax ncTopnn B 03BpanjaeT Hac K H3ynaeMon TeMe ). Hy^cHO HnTaTb Bbipa3nTenbHO, HO B Mnrxon MaHepe ( cnerxa HacMem /inBO n Hecepbe3Ho ), xoTopan no3BonneT yHacranxaM noHHTb, HTO nHCTpyKTop He OTHOCHTCH K ce6e cnnmxoM cepbe3HO n HTO C HHM 6yAeT Beceno. Knn eHTbi c IK O6MHHO cnnniKOM cepbe 3HO OTHOCHTCH K >KH3HH n cnnniKOM HaBH3HnBbI B CBOHX CTpeMneHHHX, HO, KaK nOKa 3bIBaiOT HCCneAOBaHHH , cnoco6HOCTb nocMenTbcn HaA co6 on (6e3 caMoyHnnnnceHnn ) CBnAeTenbCTByeT 06 yBepeHHOcra B ce6e n npnHnran CBOHX npo 6neMHbix n cna6wx MecT n KoppennpyeTcn c ncnxonornnecxnM 6narononynneM [ Beermann & Ruchy 2011 ]. HaKOHeu;, eenn npo6neMbi c naccnBHOCTbio He npexpamaxyren , TO MonceT noHaAo6nTbcn HHAHBHAyanbHan pa6oTa c OAHHM n 3 TpeHepoB HaBbiKOB PO nn6o BO BpeMn nepepbma, nn 6o nocne 3aHHTnn n / nnn c HHHHMM PO flOT-TepaneBTOM. Bonee ACTanbHyio nH opManinio o pa6 oTe c npoOneMon naccnBHocTn MO KHO ^ HanTn B pa 3Aenax “ IIpoToxon TepaneBTnnecxoro cTnMynnpoBaHnn cou;nanbHon OTBeTCTBeHHOCTn ” n “ Pa6 oTa HaA pa3pbiBOM TepaneBTnnecxoro anbHHca n ero BOCCTaHOBneHneM ” Aanee B STOH rnaBe. HHM ijeHHOCTflM

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QiaBa 3. Pa 6oTa Ha,q npo 6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHMeM...

Hcno^ b30BaHMe MeTatJ>op Ann CHHTMA “Hy>KHO Bcero 30 c, HTo6bi noH& Tb ”

83

HanpnmeHMn:

3TO MOH /iK)6 nMaB ncTopua, ocHOBaHHaa Ha Mcaie,qoBaHnM AM6afln M Po3eHTa/ifl [ Ambady and Rosenthal 1992, 1993]. OHa oco6eHHO xopoiuo noflxoflm fl/in Toro, HTo6bi pa36mbnefl, eaiM yqacTHMKM He npuHMMajoT aKTUBHoro ynacTUB M 3-3a Toro, HTO noKa n/ioxo 3HaiOT TpeHepa (Hanpi/iMep, BO BpeMH nepBoro 33 HflTMfl). BHana/ie C/ieflyeT OCMOTpeTbCfl M no B03M0>KH0CTM yCTaHOBMTb 3pMTe /lbHblM KOHTAKT C KB>K flbiM M3 ynacTHMKOB rpynnw, npMnoflHMMaa cnerxa 6poBM M Ten/io y/ibi 6 aflCb. 3Haeme, e rapeapde odHawObi npoeenu oneHb UHmepecHoe ucc / iedoeaHue, xomopoe, no MoeMy MHeHuto, Mowem 6bimb dnn eac ucxnx)HumenbHO none3HbiM . Bo epeMH 3 mo80 uccnedoeaHun 3pynny ynacmHuxoe nonpocunu ou,eHumb nnmuMUHymHbiu ompbieoK U3 3anuceu xypcanexu,uu npocpeccopa, xomopoeoynacmHuxu HUKoeda paHee He ecmpenanu. V\x npocunu oiieHumb nunnocmb npocpeccopa, HanpuMep Hacxonbxo OH dor /iuHQHmeH, 3MnamuneH, necmeH, dodpoxcenameneH u np. 3ameM uccnedoeamenu cpaeHunu omu opeHxu c opeHxaMu ynacmHuxoe, Komopbie monbxo nmo OKOHHUJIU mpexMecHHHbiu xypc odynenun y omoeo npocpeccopa. K ceoeMy ydue / ieHuio, uccnedoeamenu odnapyyxunu, nmo opeHxu deyxzpynn nonmu udeHmuHHbilHo dydynuyMHbiMu uccnedoeamennMu, OHU pemunu noemopumb 3mom 3 xcnepuMeHm c HOBOU epynnou ynacmnuKoe, u Ha 3mom pa3 OHU noxa3anu monbKO odHy Munymy 3anucu nextiuu. V\ xax ebi dyMaeme, nmo OHU yeudenu, xoeda cpaeHunu ou,eHxu ynacmHuxoe c opeHKOMU cmydeHmoe, Komopbie npouunu xypc odynenun y omoeo npocpeccopa? CHoea coenadeHue! Flonmu nonHoe! mpaMaTMMecKaa nay3a.] Kax ebi dyMaeme, nmo npou30uino nomoM ? [ flpMnoflHMMMTe 6poBM, npMBeuiMBO ynbidHMTecb M no BO3MO>KHOCTM noflflep>KMBaMTe 3pMTe/ibHbiM KOHTaKT co BceMM ynacTHMKaMM rpynnw.] /Ja/ [KMBaMTe c 3HTy3Ma 3MOM TaK, 6yqTO Ka>KflbiM ynacTHMK rpynnbi BbicKa3a/i npeflno/io>KeHMe.] BmuyMHbie uccnedoeamenu cxa3anu cede: "flaeaume ycnowHUM 3adany u coxpamuM 3anucb eceeo nuuub do 30 c". V\ KOK ebi dyMaeme, K neMysmo npueeno? flpaeunbHO. Eme odHO coenadeHue — npaxmunecxu udeHmuHHbie oijeHKU no cpaenenuio c meMU, Komopbie danu cmydenmbi, odynaemuecn penbiu ceMecmp c 3 muM npocpeccopoM ! Bay! Bceeo 3a 30 cMbi MOxceM cmonb MHoeoe noHnmb o nenoeexe, xomopozo Huxo3da He eudenu paHee! HeeeponmHo! [Cflenamre nay3y, OTKMHbTecb Ha cry/ie, 3aMefl/iMTe TeMn penM M Mcno/ib3yMTe TOH cepbe3HOM cocTpaflaTenbHOCTM.] lAmax, 3 muM nxomen cxa3amb, nmo xomn donbuuuHcmeo U3 eac eudnm Menn enepebie, ebi yme MHoeo 3 naeme odo MHe, nomoMy nmo Ham xoHmaxm dnumcn y>xe donbcue 30 c. HanpuMep, n 3Hax), nmo ebi CHumaeme Menn nenoeexoM, xomopoMy npaeumcn ebicnytuueamb pa3Hbie moHKU 3peHun, unu nenoeexoM, xomopbiu He cmpeMumcn docmunb coeepmencmea eo eceM. KmoMy >xe, BO3MOKHO... [Mcno/ib3yMTe copMajibHbie CMma/ibi He AOMMHMpoBaHMB; CM. maBy 6 ocHOBHoro yne6HMKa no PO fllTT] ...ebi Moenu nonyecmeoeamb, nmo n ucxpeHHe nepe>xueaio e cen3u c named coeMecmHou padomou. [CAe/iaMTe nay3yj l/lmax, noMHH od 3 moM , nxony eepnymbcn x npedbidymeMy eonpocy. [Cfle/iaMTe nay3y.] Hacxonbxo n HOMHIO, Mbi eoeopunu o... [Ha30BMTe TeMy M noBTopMTe Bonpoc, KOTopbiM He nonyHMn OTBeTa, v\ nv\ o6pameHMe K ynacTHMKaM.]

84

[ jiaBa

3. Pa 6oia Hafl npoOaeMaTMHHbiM noBefleHneM .. .

McnoAb3yMTe CTpaTerMM noBbiineHMH M IIOHMJKeHMH

aBACHMH

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AAM (J) OpMMpOBaHMH

>KeAaeMoro noBeAeHMB YnpaBneHMe

KOHTCKCTOM

( HanpMMep, npM

TenbHoro M OTpMijaTenbHoro noflxpenaeHMa

PO flOT,

noMon M npMHLjMnoB noaoacM

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vum yracaHMa )

-

STO KTHoneBan

Heo6xoflMMan ,o;na

ycMaeHMa cooTBeTCTByioiiiiero a anTMBHoro noBe eHHH M ycTpaHeHMa cooTBeTCTByiomero flesaflanTMBHoro noBe/ jeHMa ( CM. MH ( > opMau;MK) o noBefleHHecKMx CTpaTemax B raaBe 10 ocHOBHoro yne6HMxa no PO flllT). Ho Kor a fleao AOXO MT AO AEAEHUH, MHoma He Tax npocTO noHeT. Bee eno HHTb, Kaxoe MMeHHO noBe eHMe cne yeT no xpenaaTb, a xaxoe , noBe 6 TOM HTO oabiiiaa nacTb B npoaBaeHMM flMcc yHxniMOHanbHoro / jeHMa npw

nacTb

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Ba 3aMeTHa. KnweHTbi c IK npMBbixaM ^MacxwpoBaTb wnn cxpwBaTb CBOM ^ nepeacwBaHMH M ycep ^ TpyflMTbca Hafl coxpaHeHneM o6pa3a “HopMaabHOCTMM”, flaace xor,n;a yacacHO ce6a nyBCTByx T. Pl3- a HenpaMbix , HTO OHM B fleMCTBMTenbHOCTM nyBBpoac eHHoro CTOMu; M3Ma caoacHO ^ ”, TO STO HanaeT , . C T IK HanpMMep roBopMT: “ MoaceT 6 CTByx xoma

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noHaTb

biTb

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“ HeT”, a X-M- M... B fleMCTBMTenbHOCTM MoaceT 03HanaTb “JI c BaMM He cornaceH ” IIpo6neMy RRR TepaneBTa ( M RRR oxpyacax)ii];Mx) cocTaBaaeT npaB onoAo6Hoe OTpMi aHMe ( “fla a B noaHOM nopa ,o;xe npocTO y MeHa HeT HacTpoeHMa cenaac pa3roBapMBaTb” MTIM “ HeT, a He 3ax) Cb a npocTO flyMaio” ), xoTopoe no3Boaa eT yMTM OT npaMoro xoH < j)aMXTa M fleaaeT #e3aAanTMBHbie (J) opMbi noBe,n;eHMa eme 6oaee caoacHMMM B pa6oTe, Tor a xax RRR caMMx xaMeHTOB c IK npo6/ieMy npe/ jCTaBaaeT TO, HTO cxpbiTbie HaMepeHMa M 3aByaaMpoBaHHbie noTpe6HOCTM OTpMi aTenbHO cxa 3bmax)Tca Ha MX OTHOineHMax c ax>flbMM ( CM. ypox 15). IloSTOMy BMecTO Toro, HTo6 bi axu;eHTMpoBaTbca Ha 3Mon,MOHaabHOM peryaaijMM, TepaneBTy, pa6oTax)ineMy c x /meHTaMM c IK , caejjyeT MexaTb B03M0acH0CTM no xpenaeHMa OTxpbiToro M McxpeHHero BbipaaceHMa SMOUMM . K TOMy ace noHTM Bee xaneHTbi c IK TepneTb He MoryT HaxoftMTbca B ijeHTpe BHMMaHMa , noaTOMy y HMX ,n;oBoabHo cnabHaa MOTMBatjMa M 36 eraTb npMCTaabHOTO M 3yaeHMa Man BHMMaHMa x ce 6 e . Ha 3TMX aMMHbix oco 6 eHHOCTax CTpoaTca

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TexHMXM noBbimeHMa M noHMaceHMa

RaBRemw

Ha ocHOBe CTpaTerMM ynpaBae -

HMa BHMMaHMeM ( Bxaioaaa , HanpMMep, BpeMa , xoTopoe TpeHep yzjeaMa xoHxpeT-

HOMy xaMeHTy) RRR aeTca OT xaMeHTOB

^n;eaeHHbie

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( > opMMpOBaHMa Heo 6xoflMMoro noBe eHMa , xoTopoe oacM | ^ c IK. CTpaTerMM noBbimeHMa aBaeHMa BxaioaaK)T onpe -

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coi MaabHoro BHMMaHMa ,

HanpMMep 3pMTeabHbiM xoHTaxT, Bonpocbi MaM npocb6 bi ynacTHMxaM . J4 B onpe eaeHHOM CMbicae ynacTHMxoB OT 3Toro “ 6 pocaeT B acap”. Bpoac eHHaa noBbimeHHaa nyBCTBMTeabHOCTb x yrpo 3aM B xoM6 MHau;MM c xyabTypHOM cpe OM M ceMbeM , B xoTopwx oco6 eHHo ijeHMTca ,

( ) opMbi

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friaBa 3 PaOoTa Ha / j npo 6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBe/ jeHneM ..

85

pe3ynbTaTMBHOCTb, 3aCTaB7IHeT BOCnpMHMMaTb BHMMaHMe K ce6 e IITIM npOCb6bI KaK KpMTMHecKyio ou;eHKy M Bbi3biBaeT HacTopo>KeHHocTb. HanpMMep, BO BpeMH npoBepKM flOManmero 3a / jaHMH TpeHep MO>KeT cnpocMTb KTIMeHTa: “ KaK BW CHM TaeTe, BM flyMaTm, HTO yace 3HaeTe TO, HTO 6y/ jeT CKa3aHO, M noaTOMy cnyuianM He TaK BHMMaTenbHO ? ”

3TO npeKpacHbiM npwMep Bonpoca /JTIH caMOMCcne/ jOBaBpeMH OH CTiyHCMT CTpaTerMew nOBbimeHMH / jaBTieHMH , nOTOMy HTO npMBneKaeT BHMMaHMe K KTiMeHTy M Tpe6yeT OTBCTHOM peaKijMM.

HMfl , M B TO )Ke

Ha TexHMKM

noBbimeHMH / jaBTieHMH KTIMCHTM

c TK, CKopee Bcero, 6yjjyT pea-

TMpOBaTb OflHMM M3 TpeX OIOCo6oB.

1. OHM MoryT IIOMTM HaBCTpeny TpeHepy M npHMO

OTBeTMTb Ha Bonpoc,

#e-

npo6neMy. MOHCTpMpyn 2. no caMbiM pa 3HbiM npMHMHaM OHM MoryT 3aMHTbCH MTIM c/ jenaTb nay3y nepefl TeM, KaK OTBeTMTb. HanpMMep, K /IMCHT MO)KCT He cpa3y OTBeTMTb M3-3a KnaccMHecKM o6ycnoBneHHOM peaKijMM 3aMMpaHMH ( pecnoH / jeHTHoe noBe eHMe ) , Mcnonb30BaTb TM 6KMM pa3yM ” /pm no/ aBTieHMH aBTOMaTMHeCKOM peaKpMM OTKa3a ( aflanTMBHoe noBe/ jeHMe ) MTIM O 6BMHHTB ce6n B TOM, HTO He cnpaBM /icn c npo6neMOM ( / jeaaflanTMBHoe noBe/i;eHMe ). roTOBHOCTb OTKpbiTO MCCne / jOBaTb noflHHTyio

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3.

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PeaKLJMfl

KTIMeHTa MO)KeT

HaXOflMTbCH MOKfly /JByMfl

OnMCaHHbIMM Bapn

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aHTaMM . TaK, KHMeHT MOHCeT MCKpeHHe nbITaTbCH OTBeTMTb Ha Bonpoc MTIM

npMHMMaTb ynacTM B

o6cy >K /i;eHMM, M B TO Mce BpeMH, Kor/ ja Ha Hero Hao6in,eHMfl MO>KCT M3MeHMTbcn ( HanpMMep,

npaBneHO BHMMaHMe, MaHepa

OH MO)KeT BHe3anHO 3aMonnaTb, OTBCCTM B3rimfl B

CTopoHy MTIM HanaTb TapaTOpMTb ) , HTO 6yfleT /JOKa3aTCTIbCTBOM CMTIbHbIX BHyTpeHHMX nepeMCM BaHMM fla e earn TpeHep npaB, Kor / ja Be/ jeT ce6n TaK , 6y/ jTO 3HaeT, HTO

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oco6eHHOCTM Ha paHHMx cTa /pmx neneHMH ), KimeHTbi MoryT BoenpMHMMaTb 3TO KaK HeyBa >KeHMe, npoBOKaijMio MUM Henoflo6aiomee noBe/iieHMe (CM. rnaBy 10 ocHOBHoro yne6 HMKa no PO flnT). TpeHepy TaKMce Ba>KHO noHMMaTb, Kor / ja n KaK cHMMaTb Hanpn >KeHMe BO BPEMH o6yneHMH HaBbiKaM PO. TCXHMKM CHHTMH HanpiDKeHMH B PO JJJIT npeMMyipecTBeHHO McnoTib3yiOTCH / jim 6 ojibuievi BOB/ieneHHocTM M no/ jKpenneHMH HOBoro noBe/i; eHMH. Jlynme Bcero /ym SToro noflxoflMT 6 biCTpoe OTBneneHMe BHMMaHMH OT KTIMeHTa, HO 6e3 CMeHbl TeMbl. 3TO n03B0TLHeT KTIMeHTy CnpaBMTb CH co CBOMMM HyBCTBaMM, He no/i,aBaH BMfly M He npMBneKafl K ce 6e BHMMaHMH. K npMMepy, BO BpeMH npoBepKM / jOManiHero 3a / jaHMH onbiTHbiM TpeHep 3aMeTMTI, HTO 06 bIHH0 aKTMBHbIM M pa3rOBOpHMBbIM KTIMeHT MCnblTblBaJl Tpy/JHOCTM c onpe/i;eneHHOM nacTbio flOManmero 3a / j, aHMH, HecMOTpn Ha HecKonbKo noTie3Hbix noflCKa 30K OT rpynnw. BMCCTO TOTO HTO 6M npofloimcaTb pa6 oTy c KUMCHTOM JIM6O noBTopHH Bonpoc, TIM 6 O oacMflan OTBeT, MHCTpyKTop 6 biCTpo CHHTI Hanpn MceHMe KTIMeHTa, nepecJ> pa3MpoBaB Bonpoc M a / jpecoBaB ero Been rpynne: “ HraK , npoMcxoAMT ( B

86

f /iaBa 3 . Pa 6oia

Ha / j npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM

noBefleHMeM . ..

flaBaMTe Bee no yMaeM, KaK MO>KHO no- pa 3HOMy pearwpoBaTb Ha KOMiuniMeH Tbi , KaK B flOManiHeM 3a # aHMM Mapn. KaK BH flyMaeTe, noneMy MHor a 6 biBaeT TaK CHO CHO npMHMMaTb KOMmiMMeHTbi ? ” TaK TpeHep jjaeT KjmeHTy nepeflbiniKy, ^ He flenan M3 STOTO npo6;ieMy, M B TO >Ke BpeMH coxpaH eT HanpaBneHHOCTb 3 a^ HflTMH , noTOMy HTO He MeHHeT TeMy o6 cy>K D;eHMfl. 3aTeM TpeHep B03BpamaeTCB K KnweHTy, KOTopbiM y>Ke ycnen cnpaBMTbCfl co CBOMMM 3M0U;MHMM M MO)KCT npo,n;o;DKMTb paccKa3 o Bbino/meHMM flOManiHero 3aflaHMB. MHor a flOCTaTOHHO npOCTO yCTpaHMTb 3pHTe7IbHbIM KOHTaKT Ha HeCKOTIbKO CeKyHfl, HTo6 bI KJIMCHT c TK CMOT ycnoKOMTbCH M co6paTbCfl c MMCTIHMH. flpyrae TCXHMKM CHHTMB HanpnyKeHWH. BK /nonaiOT paccKa3 o noflxoftflmeM cnynae wm Mcnonb30BaHwe coOTBeTCTByiomeH MeTa opw, npMMep H3 TIMHHOM npaKTMKM TpeHepa M;IM 3anMCb KOHKpeTHoro nyHKTa o6yneHMH Ha ,o;ocKe B TOM c/iynae, earn OH OTHOCMTCH K o6cy>KftaeMOM TeMe. HaKOHei , CTpaTerMM ycM /ieHMH M yMeHbmeHMH flaB/ieHMH MoryT BCTpawBaTbCH B cTpyKTypy caMoro 3aHflTMH . XoponiMM npiiMepoM 6yjjeT npMHijMn PO JJJYY , comacHO KOTopoMy HOBMM ynacTHMKaM rpynnbi flaioT 3HaTb, HTO nocne npe,n;CTaBTieHMH OT HMX He Tpe6yeTCH TOBOpMTb BO BpeMfl nepBOTO 3aHflTMfl, XOTH M npeflnonaraeTCH aKTMBHoe ( nycTb M HeBep6 a /ibHoe ) ynacTMe. 3TO MCKTnoneHMe B OTHomeHMM Bep6anbHoro ynacTMH enaeTCH TO/ibKo RJM HOBMX ynacTHMKOB BO BpeMH MX nepBoro 3aHHTMH ( oTKpbiTan rpynna, B KOTOPOM y>Ke npoBOflHTOi 3aHHTMB ). OHO Bbino/iHaeT ( j> yHKijMK) CTpyKTypHoro CHHTMH Hanp;i >KeHMH y HO -

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p,nn y/iynmeHMfl MHaMMKM rpynnbi M pa6oTaeT, noTOMy HTO Bee ^ce MOHIM Bocnonb30BaTboi STMM npeMMymecTBOM B nepBbiM eHb. HTO MHTepecHO, CHHTMC HanpjDKeHMe nocpe#CTBOM BO3MO>KHOCTM HMNERO He rOBOpMTb napaflOKca /ibHMM o6 pa30 M npMBO MT K TOMy, HTO K /ineHTbi

BHX KnMeHTOB

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ocTanbHbie ynacTHMKM TaK

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flenaiOT 3TO aKTMBHee.

/\e 3aAanTMBHbie coijnaAbHbie curHaAbi , KOTOpwe HeAb3H MrHOpMpOBaTb BO BpeMfl 3aHHTMH Hanje

Bcero

npo6neMHoe

BaTb, ECUM OHO ocTaeTcn Ha

noBe#eHMe BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH MO>KHO MrHopnpoflocTaTOHHO HM3KOM ypoBHe, MTIM >Ke c HMM MO>KHO

pa6oTaTb TIMHHO BO BpeMH nepepbiBa MTIM nocne 3aHBTMH. Bonbinafl nacTb Taxoro ^aeT HaMepeHMB noMemaTb rpynne M COBCCM He o6n3aTenbHO CBM eTenbCTByeT o HOKenaHMM npMHMMaTb ynacTMe B npoMcxoflflin; eM. M Bee >Ke, nycTb M HeMHoro, ecTb Taxne (JiopMbi npo6neMaTMHHoro noBefleHMfl , KOTopbie Tpe 6yiOT HeMeflneHHoro BMemaTenbCTBa, MHane OHM MoryT noMemaTb OCHOBHOM 3a ,qaHe SBHHTMH OCBOCHMIO HOBMX HaBbiKOB. K TOMy >Ke, ecnM MX MrHopMpo BaTb, BCKope ynacTHMKM MoryT HanaTb BoenpMHMMaTb noflo6Hoe noBe eHMe KaK noBe eHMH He OTpa

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HhaBa 3. Pa 6oia Hafl npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHneM ...

87

IIpeACTaBbTe, HanpMMep, KHMeHTa, HCBMHHO OTBenaiomero B Tene(J)OHe coo6meHne . ECHM He o6paTMTb Ha STO BHMMaHMH , TO B CKOPOM BpeMeHM Bee ynacTHMKM rpynnbi 6yflyT nocTOHHHO OTBneKaTbcn Ha Tenec OH , a ynacTHMK , HopMy. Ha

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KOTopoMy 3aflanM Heyflo 6 HMM Bonpoc, CMOMteT cflenaTb BMA , HTO nonynMn BXO flHmee coo6m,eHMe M eMy HyacHO HeMeflneHHo OTBCTMTB ( CM . o6fl 3aTenbHoe no noaceHMe o6yneHMH “CKpbiTbie HaMepeHna M 3aByaimpoBaHHbie Tpe6 oBaHMfl ”, ypoK 15 ) . He3aBMCMMO OT HaMepeHMM KTineHTa , noBe eHMe, noTeHijManbHO Memaioiijee ocBoeHMK) HOBbix HaBbiKOB, nyniiie Bcero ycTpaHMTb c caMoro Havana , BeacnM -

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HanpMMep, TpeHep Mo>KeT CKa3aTb: M - M - M... KO M , Cbio He MOITIM 6bi BM cflenaTb MHe o o/DKeHiie . .. M He BecTM nMHHbie pa3roBopbi BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH ? 9TO MCHH OTBneKaeT”. 3aTeM c flpy ecTBeHHow ynbi 6 KOM M BO nonpocMB npexpaTHTb.

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6POBHMM TpeHep MOMCCT no6iiaroflapMTb ynacTHMKOB 3a Bbino/meHMe ero npocb6 bi . BonbiiiMHCTBo KUMCHTOB C TK, ,o;a>Ke ecnM MM He MH TepecHO MTIM OHM ijeiieHanpaBiieHHO nbreaiOTCH OTBneKaTb TpeHepa M /IM apyrax ynacTHMKOB, npM TaKOM npiiMOM o6paiu,eHMM noflHMHHTCH . Ilocne STOTO TpeHep

cnerKa npMnoftHHTbiMM

a 3aTeM BO BpeMfl nepepbiBa npefliio>KMTb KjiMeHTy o6cyo;MTb npoBneMaTMHHoe noBe eHMe, ecnM BO 3HMKHCT Taxan

Mo>KeT npocTO BepHyTbCH K TeMe 3aHHTMH ,

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CAENATB ” He

npon3HOCMTCH npHMO , M 3TO cocTOHHne noApa3yMeBaeT cno co6HOCTb KnweHTa c TK cnpaBMTbcn c CHTyaijnen n OTBepraeT npeAnono )KeHMe, HTO OH He CMO>KeT CnpaBMTbCH C M 3MeHeHMHMM , peUIMTb KOH (j>7IMK Tbl M7IM BbIHeCTM npHMyiO o6paTHyK) CBH3b . • TpeHep AO/i>KeH 6biTb TOTOB noBTopnTb npocb6y o npocoipia /ibHOM noBeAeHMH Ha 3aHHTMH npn Heo 6xoAHMOcra HecKonbKO pa3 M noAKpemiTb noBMHOBeHne: “Cnacn 6o, Mo/i /m. fl /in MCHH 3TO oneHb BancHo ” • TpeHep Aon^ceH CMrHann3wpoBaTb ocTa /ibHon rpynne o cBoeM HaMepeHMM 3aHHTbCH peuieHMeM npo6/ieMw B TIHHHOM o6 meHwn: M , MOTUIH , H xony, HTO6W TW 3Hana: He Ba >KHO, HTO c/iynn /iocb, H CHHTaio 3TO AOCTa TOHHO Ba cHHM, nosTOMy xony noroBopnTb c TO6OM BO BpeMH nepepwBa ^ [MTM nocne 3aHHTHH], HTO6W o 6cyAHTb B03M0>KHwe CTpaTernn noBeAeHMH B OTHomeHwn npoM3omeAHiero, HTO 6 W TW H Ranbuie Morna npoAyKTMBHO 3aHMMaTbCH. TeM BpeMeHeM H 6yAy oneHb paA, earn TW CMonceuib npoAO/iHCMTb 3aHHTHH , nOMHH O TOM , HTO MbI C T060M OHeHb CKOpO 3aHMCMCH 3TMM HMHHO. Cnacw6o” TpeHep conpoBoncAaeT 3Ty pemnncy MOTKOH ynw6KOM. " ECTIM 3TM CTpaTernn He AewcTByiOT, TpeHep AonnceH cxa3aTb: “Xopomo, H 6naroAapeH Te 6 e 3a TO, HTO TW crapaeinbcn. ft xony cxa3aTb Te 6 e cneAy iomee: nonpo 6yn npncoeAHHHTbCH K HaM BO BpeMH npoBepKM AOMauiHero 3aAaHMH [ Ha 3aHHTMn ] , n MbI C T060 M CMOHCeM o6 cyAHTb 3TO BO BpeMH ne pepwBa [ vum nocne 3aHHTHH ]”. 3aTeM TpeHep AonnceH npoAonnoiTb 3aHH Tne 6e 3 AanbHeMuiero o6 cyHCAeHMH , noHMMan, HTO B STOM CMTyai nn cjj,e na /i Bee, HTO Mor (no KpanHeii Mepe, c TOHKM 3peHnn Apyrnx ynacTHMKOB rpynnw ) , HTO6 W pernnTb 3Ty npo6neMy Ha 3aHHTnn , HecMOTpH Ha TO, HTO pemeHwe BKHionano BOSMOHCHOCTB pa3o6paTbcn no3Hce . Bo BpeMH nepepwBa MHM nocne 3aHHTnn MHCTpyicrop AonnceH npeAnoncMTb KnneHTy, BbipancaBHieMy peaiojMio “He AenaiiTe MHe 6onbHo ”, o 6cyAHTb nponc xoAHmee n B03M0HCHwe cnoco6 w peuieHnn npo6neMw . HyncHo BWHCHPITB, HTO MMeHHo cnpoBoi npoBano peaKi mo “He Aenairre MHe 6 onbHo ”, HTO 6 W onpeAe -

^

^

^

1 /iaBa 3. Pa 6oia HSA npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAeHneM...

93

jmTb , 6 buio nn STO pecno eHTHbiM noBefleHMeM ( KOTopoe noTpe6yeT pemeHnn npo6neMbi ), pa3pbiBOM TepaneBTnnecKoro a /ibjmca ( KOTopwn noTpe6yeT Mep no ero BOCCTaHOBneHnio) nnn AC3aAanTHBHbiM onepaHTHWM noBe eHneM (T.e. HenpHMbiMn cou, nanbHbiMH cnraanaMn ). KaK ynoMHHanocb paHee, earn peaKijnn uHe AenanTe MHe 6onbHo” ATIMTCH AOCTaTOMHO Aonro, TO name Bcero STO AC3aAanTMBHoe coijHanbHoe noBeAeHne ( nona AaHHan (J> opMa noBeAeHnn eme He

^

^

ycTpaHeHa M3 noBeAeHHeoeoro penepTyapa KnneHTa ). Ho He3aBncnMO OT TOTO, 6bi;io nn STO pecnoHAeHTHoe nnn onepaHTHoe noBeAeHne nnn npn3HaK pa3pbiBa TepaneBTOnecKoro anbHHca, 3aAana STOTO KpaTKoro o6cy>KAeHnn 3aKni0HaeTCH B nonyneHnn cornacnn KnneHTa BecTn ce 6n noAo6 aK> mnM o 6 pa 30M BO BpeMn rpynnoBoro TpeHHHra, n RJM 3Toro HHCTpyKTOp HanoMHHaeT KnneHTy o cneAy-

ioineM.

•

O

•

ce6n B o6mecTBe HaAnencamnM o6pa30M ( nHCTpyKTop yxa3biBaeT KnneHTy, HTO AC3aAanTMBHoe noBeAeHne B K /iacce, T.e. peaKijnn “ He AenanTe MHe 6 onbHo”, BnnneT Ha o6 yneHne Apyrnx ynacranKOB rpynnbi ). O TOM, HTO KnneHT npeKpacHO yMeeT ce6n cAepnenBaTb n nosTOMy, B OTJIM nne OT Apyrnx niOAen , MonceT no KpanHen Mepe CAenaTb BHA > HTO Bee B nopnAKe, n npoAOTDKMTb 3aHMMaTbCH , Aa >xe ecnn nyBCTByeT, HTO STO He Tax. O TOM, HTO KnneHT MonceT o6cyAnTb STO npn Heo6xoAnMOCTn co CBOHM

TOM , HTO OH U;eHMT npaBMTIbHbie nOCTynKM (3TO CBH3aHO C BbICOKHMH MOpa /IbHblMM KaHeCTBaMH nK> Aen CO CK /IOHHOCTbK) K TK ) H Heo6xOAW

-

MOCTb Bearn

•

TPEHEPOM n / nnn nnHHbiM TepaneBTOM.

HaKOHei ,

B pyKOBOACTBe no rpynnoBOMy TpeHnHry HaBWKOB PO OTBCACHO ^ aHHTne Ha pa 6 oTy c HenpnMbiMn cnraanaMn, BKniOHan

coijnanbHbiMn

ijenoe 3

peaKu;HK) “ He AenanTe MHe 6onbHo ” ( CM. ypoK 16 ) . nosTOMy TpeHep MoneeT Ha noMHnTb KnneHTaM, KOTopbie ynee nponinn STO 3aHHTne, 06 ocBoeHHbix nMn Ha BbiKax, a ocTanbHbiM MonceT BbiAaTb pa 3AaTOHHbie MaTepnanbi n CKa3aTb, HTO C 3Ton ( ) opMon noBeAeHnn Bbi 6yAeTe pa6 oTaTb no3AHee. B npnBeAeHHon Hnnce

J

^

poBKe noKa 3aHO, KaK TpeHep o6cy>KAaeT STH Bonpocw

c KnneHTOM c TK nocne npoBepKn npnnnH, Bbi3BaBmnx STO noBeAeHne, n 6 biCTpon oijeHKn Toro, HTO Bbi3Bano y KnneHTa peaKijnio “ He AenanTe MHe 6onbHo”.

pacmn

TpeHep.

Monnn , n nocneAHee, npencAe neM Mbi BepHeMcn Ha 3aHHTne. il xony nonpocnTb Te6n CAenaTb Koe - HTO A^n MCHH. Penb BOT O neM. C Moen TOHKH 3peHnn , TBoe noBeAeHne Ha 3aHHTnn npeACTaBnneT npo6neTbi noHypnnacb, He OTBenana Ha Bonpocw n TeM caMMM noMy cbinana MoiijHbie coijnanbHbie cnrHanbi BceM ynacTHnKaM n Morna noMemaTb nM 3aHnMaTbcn , Aance ecnn B AencTBnTenbHOCTn He xo TBI OAHa n 3 Tena SToro. M Bee nee TO , HTO B Te 6e MCHH BocxnmaeT,

—

—

94

DiaBa 3. PaOoia HaA npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeAeHMeM . . . HeMHorwx Ha ijenoM CBeTe

niOAeM, KOTopbiM He Bee paBHO. Te6e He

Bee paBHO, HTO npOMCXOAMT, M TbI 3HaeHIb, HTO TaKOe npaBMHbHbie

nocTynKM.

npaB?

( KnuenniKa ebipancaem coenacue KUBKOM . )

Tpeuep .

51 Tax M AyMan. K TOMy >xe H no/iaraio, HTO MM 06a cornacMMcn, HTO OAHH M3 TBOMX TanaHTOB COCTOMT B OT7IMHHOM CaMOXOHTpOTie, Be b TbI MOHCeiHb OTHOHCMTb B 03Harpa>XAeHMe, nOAaBMTb BHyTpeHHMe MMnynbCM M cnpaBMTbcn co CTpeccoM Aa>xe TorAa, xoiyja ApyrMM 3TO XaHCeTCH HeB03M0>KHbIM. TbI COTTiaCHa ? ( KnuenniKa Bbipancaem coenacue KUBKOM . )

^

Tpenep .

M

noaTOMy H

xony nonpocMTb Te6n

Mcnonb30BaTb CBOM MCXTIIOHM -

TenbHbie CnOCo 6HOCTM K CaMOXOHTpOTIK) M Ha OCHOBaHMM I eHHOCTM

^

noAaBMTb 6yAyujMe no6y>XAeHMH cflaTboi, cnpHTaTbCH, OTKa3aTbCH OT ynacTMH, onycxan ronoBy M OTBopanM BaHCb OT MeHH M CBOMX COTOBapMUjeM , M He CTaBMTb nOA yrpo3y 3( > -

3a 6 oTM 06 oxpy >xaiomMx

J J>eKTMBHOCTb 3aHHTMH. ( Tenno ynbi6aemcx . ) Tbi cornacHa c^enaTb

(

3T0

RJW. MeHH ?

MTorn , MOHCHO

wHe

MHe 6onbHo” TK. CMTyaijMK) ycyryOnneT TO, HTO 3Ta peaxijMH nacTO noAKpen /innacb B npom /ioM. J4 ec;m no-

IIOABOAH

cxa 3aTb,

HTO peaxijMH

HB/IHCTCH cepbe3HbiM coijMa /ibHbiM CMraanoM

RJM

AenaMTe

XTIMCHTOB C

ee BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH, TO OHa MOHCeT He3aMeTHO nOAOpBaTb Bcero o6yneHMH. KorAa peaxijMH “ He AenaMTe MHe 6o/ibHo” BO3|J HMKaeT BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH , TpeHep AonnceH Ao6po>KeHaTenbHo, HO yBepeHHO nonpocMTb KnneHTa noAaBMTb noAo6Hoe noBeAeHMe, npMo6 oApMTbcn , co 6 paTbcn M no BO3MO)KHOCTM cocpeAOTOHMTbCH Ha M 37iaraeMOM TeMe. TpeHep Taxnce AOHHCCH npOACMOHCTpMpOBaTb, HTO, HTO 6 bl HM npOMCXOAMHO, OH TOTOB nOrOBOpMTb C KnneHTOM 06 STOM BO BpeMH nepepbiBa M /IM nocne 3aHHTMH ( CM. pa3Aen “ Ilpo-

3B07IMTb npOHB/IHTb

3( )( )eKTMBHOCTb

TOXO/I TepaneBTMnecKoro CTMMynnpoBaHMH

couna /ibHOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTM ” Aa-

;iee B STOM rnaBe ). 3TO ACTIAETCN c ijenbio 3aBepMTb ocTanbHbix ynacTHMKOB, HTO MM He HyncHO BOBnexaTbCH B 3Ty npo6/ieMy, nepeHanpaBMB BHMMaHMe rpynnbi

. PlHTepecHO, HTO XTIMCHTM c TK, xoTopbie BbipancaiOT “ oTTanKMBaHMn ” Ha 3aHHTMM ( CM. rnaBy 10 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO flnT), O6 MHHO He cnoco6HM BbiHBMTb cxoHCMe (JiopMbi 3ain;MTHOM peaxijMM cpeAM CBOMX COTOBapMmeM. BMCCTO 3Toro peaxijMH “oTTanxMBaHMH ”, HanpaBneHHan Ha TpeHepa, cxopee Bcero, Bbi30 BeT no6y>xAeHMe 3amMTMTb TpeHepa, O 6MHHO noTOMy, HTO OHa oinynjaeTCH Kax /iMHHoe HanaAeHMe. O TOM, xax cnpa BMTbCH c noAo6HMMM HanaACHMHMM, BM npoHMTaeTe B cneAyioiAeM pa3Aene. Ha M3ynaeMbiM MaTepna /i

peaxi MK)

^

fhaBa 3. Pa 6oia HaA npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHMeM .. .

95

Tlepexod ua Aunnocmu BTopan

—

Haw6 onee pacnpocTpaHeHHan

3TO nepexofl Ha /IMHHOCTM M

pe3Kan

(])opMa noBefleHMH K /IMCHTOB c TK KpMTMKa no OTHomeHMio K coTOBapMiijaM.

Ilpn noflo6Hbix JIMHHMX HanaAeHMnx B rpynnax c K /meHTaMM c TK pe KO MO>K HO Ha6;noflaTb xpMK, pyraHb, pa3MaxnBaHne pyxaMM , TonaHne HoraMM, TWKaHne na /ibijaMM, yrpo3 bi KynaxaMM, pacmaTbiBaHne CTO/IOB, 6pocaHne npe MeTOB MTIM (]) M3MHecKMM KOHTaKT (6onbniMHCTBO KTIMCHTOB C TK CHMTaiOT rpynnoBoii TpeHMHr HaBbiKOB PO ny6nnHHOM cijeHOM, Tor a xaK npopbiB nyBCTB name Bce ro nponcxoAMT B TIMHHOM OKpy^ceHnn ). Ho STO He 3HanMT, HTO HanafleHMH He npoMcxo HT. Bo BpeMH rpynnoBoro TpeHMHra c K /iMeHTaMM c IK OHM O6MHHO npoxofl^ T KOHTpo/inpoBaHO M MoryT 6 biTb A a>xe 3 apaHee OTpeneTMpoBaHbi. Cnoco6HocTb coxpaHHTb caMOKOHTpoTib MOTKCT BBOflMTb B 3a6;iy >KAeHMe. TOH ronoca npn 3TOM, CKopee Bcero, 6yAeT XOTIOAHMM M capxacTMHHMM MTIM Aa>xe HempaTibHWM, a c/iOBa CAep^caHHbiMn MTIM , Hao6 opoT, npeyBeTiMHeHHMMM. 3pwTenbHbm KOHTaKT MOTKeT 6 bITb, a MOTKeT M He 6 bITb. HpMHMHbl B03HMKH 0BeHMH nOAo6HOM CMTyai MM MoryT 6 biTb caMbiMn pa3HbiMM. HanpnMep, HexoTOpbie KUMCHTM c IK MoryT KPMTMHHO OTHOCMTBCH K CBOMM coTOBapniAaM npocTO B pe3ynbTaTe npomnoro onbiTa rpynnoBOM TepanMM MTIM noTOMy, HTO OHM y6e>KAeHbi, HTO 06yneHMe HOBbIM HaBbIKaM CBH3 aHO C MOKTIMHHOCTHblMM OTHOineHMHMM, a OTKpbl TOCTb 03HanaeT, HTO OHM AO/DKHbl npaKTMKOBaTbCH A BaTb o6 paTHyK) CBH3 b BO ^ BpeMH 3 aHHTMM. IIOMMMO 3Toro, pe3KMe M ocyncAaioiAMe KOMMeHTapMM nacTO cnyncaT CBM ACTe/ibCTBOM 4>yHAaMeHTa;ibHOM OHIM6 KM aTpM6yi MM , KOTopan npeACTaBTineT C060M CnOCo 6 OAeHKM Toro, KTO M KaKMM o 6 pa30M OTBeTCTBeHeH 3a npMHMHbl TOTO MTIM MHoro CO 6MTMH MTIM A MCTBMM Apyroro nenoBeKa [ Ross, 1977]. flaHHan ^ OIIIM6Ka HBTIHeTCH pa 3HOBMAHOCTbK) KOTHMTMBHOrO MCKa >KeHMfl npM CyTKACHMM O npo6neMHOM noBeAeHMM ApyrMX moAeii xaK o HCM-TO BHyTpeHHe CBOMCTBCHHOM MX 7IMHHOCTM MTIM XapaKTepy ( MbI OCyTKAaeM MX CaMMx) , npM 3TOM Co 6cTBeHHOe cxoHcee noBeAeHMe MM cnMCbiBaeM Ha BTIMHHMC o6 cTOHTeTibCTB MTIM CKTIOHHM Be -

^

^

^

^

—

^

^

pMTb B TO, HTO OHO BbI3BaHO KOHTeKCTOM, He nOABTiaCTHbIM HailieMy KOHTpOTIIO ( MM ocyncAaeM o6cTOHTenbCTBa, a He ce6n ) HanpMMep, ecnM ,IJ >KeK M A>KMTITI He-

.

cyT no BeAepxy c BOAOM M ATKMTITI naAaeT, flncex MOHCCT nocHMTaTb ee HeBHMMaTenbHOM MTIM HeyK /noHceM, HO ecnM ynaAeT caM flxcex, TO, CKopee Bcero, OH COHTCT 3TO cnynaMHOCTbK) M 6yAeT o6BMHHTb HepoBHOCTM penbecj)a. B xanecTBe OAHoro M3 o6 rbHCHeHMM AaHHoro MCKa>xeHMH TeopeTMKM npeAnaraioT Harne crpeMneHMe STO MMp, B KOTOPOM K “cnpaBeATiMBOCTM ” [ Lerner, 1997]. CnpaBeAflMBMM MMp

AeMCTBMH M CO6 MTMH npeACKa3yeMbi M MMeiOT cooTBeTCTByioiAMe nocneACTBMfl: TIIOAM nonynaiOT TO, Hero 3acny >KMBaK)T 3a CBoe noBeAeHMe. TaxMM o6 pa30M, HaKa3aHMe HapyniMTenH BoecTaHaBTiMBaeT Bepy B cnpaBeATiMBMM MMp.

HanpMMep,

96

f/iaBa 3. Pa 6oia nap, npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHneM .. .

c IK Moryr 6 biTb y6eacfleHM B co6cTBeHHOM MopanbHOM pome ncnpaB6 nnn noMoraTb MHCTpyKTopy B o6yaeHMM flpyrnx npaBnabHOMy

KnweHTbi

TiHTb OIHM XM

noBe eHMio .

^

Ho Bee ace He /iio6oe noBe

eHMe xaneHTOB C IK MOTMBnpyeTca MopaabHbiMM HopMaMM. Tax KaK pnn HMX 3HaaeHne MMeeT omymeHMe co6 cTBeHHOM npaBOTM,

^

no6e a MHM onpefleneHHbie ,n;ocTMaceHMa , OHM BOB/iexax)Tca B coijMaabHyx) KOHKypeHi MK), aeM nioflM, pnn KOTopbix pe3ynbTaTMBHocTb He MMeeT TaKoro 3Ha

^

HeHMH

name

^ TIMHHbie HanaflXM Ha COTOBapMIIjeM MOryT 6bITb npOHBTieHMeM. rioaTOMy

3aBMCTM M 7IM npeflHaMepeHHOM MeCTM , MOTMBMpOBaHHbIX

ace/iaHMeM

3aCTaBMTb

aenoBexa, Bbi3BaBinero 3aBMCTb, noTepneTb Heyqaay MHM npMHMHMTb eMy

6oab

(CM. o6cyacfleHMe 37iopa,n;cTBa B ypoxe 27). Ho KTIMCHTH C IK , KOTopwe BbiMrpw BaiOT 3a caeT yHMaceHMa ,n;pyrMX, nonyqaiOT nnppoBy no6efly, xoTopaa flocTMra eTca He 3a caeT co6 cTBeHHbix aocTMaceHMM , a 3a caeT 6noxMpoBaHMa BO3MO>KHO-

.

CTen KOHKypeHTa

Xopoman HMM TIMHHbIX

HOBOCTb 3aX7IX)aaeTCa B TOM , HTO

HanaflOX

CO CTOpOHbl K 7IMCHTOB C

. IlepBblM Uiar COCTOMT B npOBe

Mepw B03fleMCTBMa B OTHOHie -

IK

He 3aBMCHT OT MX CKpbITbIX

pa37IMHMH Meac y no;ie3HOM 06paTHOM cBa 3bio M 6ecnoae3HbiM M rpy6 biM nepexo,n;oM Ha HMHHOCTM . 3,n;ecb HeT npaBMTibHoro M HenpaBMabHoro, HO o6m;ee npaBM /io raacMT o Heo6xo,n;MMOCTM BMemaTenbCTBa npn BbipaaceHMM He,n;o6 poaceaaTenbHOM o6 paTHOM CBH3M, xorfla

MOTMBOB

^

eHMM

^

3TOT npoijecc xapaxTepM3yeTca aBHbiM OTcyTCTBMeM npocoijMa /ibHbix CMraa /ioB ( HanpMMep, OTcyTCTBMe y;ibi6xM M KMBKOB TO/IOBOM wm nycTOM B3rnafl) Hanpn

.

-

“flacoH, a oco3Haio npeflCTaBaeHMe o TOM, HTO TH Haxo#Miiibca B cocroaHMM (J> aTanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa”, TO 3TO Bpafl nM MoacHo cHMTaTb nepexoflOM Ha HMHHOCTM , B nepByio oaepe b noTOMy, HTO 3TO oi eHOHHoe cyac eHMe , KOTopoe yica3biBaeT Ha TO, HTO roBopa IHMM MoaceT oniM6aTbca (“a oco3Haio npeftcraBneHMe...” ). Ho npn STOM BbipaaceHMA “Tbi Be emb ce 6a , KaK pe 6eHOK ” MTIM “ ft. Te6e He Bepio ”, MTIM 3Hax), HTO TH O MH M3 Tex BeaHbix 6 e,n; HaaKaioiAeM. BeAymnn cpa3y >Ke 3aMeTM7i nepexoA Ha TIMHHOCTM M BMemanCil, HTo 6 bI MCKTnOHMTb B03M0>KH0 CTb 6ecnOne3HOM o 6paTHOM CBH3M B 6yAymeM. 3aiAMTH0M peaKijnn BblX

TpeHMHrOB HaBbIKOB

( ynu6aemcn. ) 3Haenib, flncyH, ecTb TpeHMHrM, Ha KOTopwx npaicm KyiOT HaBbIK A ^BaTb M nOJiyHaTb KpMTMHeCKyiO o6paTHyK) CBH3b. Ho Ham TpeHMHr K HMM He OTHOCMTCH. BMCCTO npaKTMKM KPMTMHHOM o6 paTHoii CBH3M Ha rpynnoBbix 3aHHTMHx no o6yHeHnio HaBbixaM PO MM yHMMCB 0Ka3biBaTb Apyr Apyry noAAep^cKy. IIoaTOMy H nonpomy Te6n M36eraTb KpnTMHecKon o6paTHon CBH3M no OTHome-

Tpenep .

HMK) K CBOMM COTOBapMlH,aM M BMeCTO STOTO HanpaBMTb CBOM yCM

TIMH Ha noMOLAb ApyrMM M emcK ) Cnacn6o

.

-

ce6e B o6yneHMM HaBbixaM PO. (Ynbi6a -

.

Bcero Bno/me

AocTaTOHHo npocTbix MHCTpyKijnn o

TOM, KaK

c/ieAyeT Becm ce6n npn STOM He npnAaeTCH oco6oro 3HaneHMH TOMy, HTO cnyHHnocb. 7Iio6 bie HepemeHHbie npo6neMbi cneAyeT o6 roBapMBaTb C KHMeHTaMM 7IMHHO BO BpeMH nepepbIBa M 7IM nocne 3aHHTHH. HaKOHeA Ba >KHO OTMeTMTb, HTO 3TOT npOTOKO/I npeAyCMaTpMBaeT KOHTpOTIb HMHHblX HanaAOK CO CTopoHbi KJIMeHTOB C T K B OTHOmeHMM APyrMX yHaCTHHKOB 3aHHTMM, a He caMoro TpeHepa. KorAa K /IMCHT rpy6o KpnTMKyeT MHCTpyKTopa, noc/ieAHnn AO/DKeH paccMaTpMBaTb STOT c/iynan KaK npoHB/ieHMe pa 3pbiBa TepaneBTnneCKOTO anbHHca n ncno/ib30 BaTb npoTOKon BoccTaHOB/ieHMH TepaneBTMnecKoro anbHHca B TIMHHOM o6 meHnn ( T.e. BO BpeMH nepepbIBa nnn noc/ie 3aHHTMn ) . Hanje

Ha 3aHHTnn , B oco6 eHHOCTM ec;m

Ono3daHUfi u HeGunojiHenue donamnux 3adanuu TpeTben Han6o/iee pacnpocTpaHeHHon npo6/ieMOM BO BpeMH rpynnoBoro o 6yneHMH HaBbiKaM P O, KOTopan Tpe6yeT BMemaTenbCTBa BO BpeMH

TpeHMHra

3aHHTMH, HBHHeTCH HeBbinOHHeHMe

—

AOMaiHHMX 3aA ^HMM

M eTO

6;iM3KMM

pOA

-

o AOManiHMx 3aAaHMHX (T.e. nce/iaHMe KaK MOHCHO 6 biCTpee yMTM OT TeMbi ). HecMOTpn Ha TO HTO ono3AaHMH He Tpe 6yiOT HeMeAneHHoro BMemaTenbCTBa, H BK /HOHM /I B STOT pa3Aen M o6cy>KAeHMe pa6oTbi c nOCTOHHHbIMM 0n 03AaHMHMM , nOTOMy HTO CTpaTeTMM pemeHMH 3TMX npo6neM BO MHOTOM B3aMMOCBH 3aHbI. IIOMMMO 3T0T0, C n03MU, MM P O HeBbinOHHeHMe AOMam HMX 3aAaHMM M nOCTOHHHbie 0n 03AaHMH CHMTaiOTCH COU,na /IbHbIMM CMTHanaMM. TpeHep BMecTO TOTO, HTO6 M cpa3y nee npeAno/iaraTb, HTO npo6/ieMa ono-

CTBeHHMK

HencenaHMe roBopMTb

3AaHMM M 7IM HeBbinOTIHeHMH

AOMaiHHMX 3aAaHMM KpoeTCH

MCKTHOHMTe/IbHO

98

fjiaBa

3. Pa 6oia HaA npo6/ieMaTHHHbiM noBeAeHueM . ..

Hmo Knuenm maKUM o6pa une unu eceu epynne? M Modern nu amo 6bimb npoxenenueM pa3 puea mepaneemmecKoeo anbxnca? 3TM Bonpocbi AOTDKHBI CO npoBO)KAaTbCH KpaTKMM ceaHcoM caMOwccneAOBaHMH: KaK x uoe noenuxmb na pa36 umue amou npo6neMbi e ponu mpenepa naeuKoe PO? M Heuy Mne cnedyem uaynumbcx e amou cumyautuu? Xopornan HOBOCTb COCTOMT B TOM, HTO npo6neMbi ono3AaHMM M HeBbinonHeHMH AOManiHMX 3aAaHMM OTHOCMTenbHO peAKO BcrpenaioTCH B 6o7ibnmHCTBe Hana ceHHbix rpynnoBbix TpeHMHroB HaBMKOB PO. ^ B AeMCTBMTenbHOCTM 607IbIHMHCTB0 KTIMeHTOB C IK KOMnynbCMBHO BbinOTIHHIOT B KHMeHTe,

p,on>KEH

BHanaue 3aAaTbcn BonpocaMM

30 M Moment nbimambcx CKa3amb

AOMammie 3aAaHMH M MCK /noHMTenbHO nyHKTyanbHbi. ripoTOKO/i RJIX ycTpaHeHMH ono3AaHMM HanpaBTieH Ha cHM >KeHMe AaBneHMH . TpeHep AOTDKCH KpaTKO OTMCTMTB no3AHMM npMXOA, He Aenan M 3 3Toro oco 6eHHoro CO6WTMH, HanpMMep npocTO cxa 3aTb aPaA Te6n BMAeTb ”, npwBeT/IM BO y/ibi 6HyTbai M Ao 6 aBMTb “ CaAMCb, Mbi pa6 oTaeM HaA . ” a 3aTeM BepHyTbcn

-

o6cyAMTb 3TOT CTiyHaM C K /IMeHTOM BO BpeMfl nepepbIBa. He o6 paman oco 6oro BHMMaHMH Ha ono3AaHne, TpeHep noBbimaeT BeponTHocTb TOTO, HTO rMnepnyBCTBMTenbHbie K HaKa3aHMHM K /meHTbi C IK He CTa HyT accoAMwpoBaTb 3aHHTMH ( rpynny) c npMBneneHMeM BHMMaHMH , AonpocoM, yHJOKeHneM MTIM ocy >KAeHMeM ( He 3a 6 biBaHTe, HacKO/ibKo KnMeHTbi c IK He mo 6 XT 6biTb B ijeHTpe BHMMaHMH ). TpeHep TaK ^ce MO >KeT nonpo 6 oBaTb O6OMTM HeKOTopbie npo 6neMbi, CBH3aHHbie ono3AaHweM, HanoMMHan BpeMH OT BpeMeHM ynacTHMKaM, HTO earn OHM npMinnM Ha 3aHHTMe no3>Ke, TO MM He Hy>KHO >KAaTb 3a ABepbio noAXOAHiAero MOMeHTa, HTO 6M BOMTM ( HanpMMep, OKOHnaHMH npaK TMKM oco3HaHHOCTM MTiM nepepwBa ) , a Hy>KHO 3axoAMTb cpa3y )Ke, KaK npMAyT. TpeHep MO)KeT 06'bHCHMTb, HTO 0n 03AaHMH M OTBTieneHMH 3TO HaCTb 2CM3HM, KOTOpbie MO)KHO paCCMaTpMBaTb KaK B03M0>KH0 CTb npaKTMKOBaTb PO-HaBbIKM He TonbKO RJIX Tex, KTO npMmen no3>Ke , HO M RJM Been rpynnbi ( HanpMMep, ecnM B03HMKaeT onpeAeneHHan “sHeprMfl ” B OTHOineHMM ono3AaBinMx). Ho HecMO TpH Ha TO, HTO B OTHOineHMM 0n 03AaBIHeT0 MCnOnb3yiOTCH TeXHMKM yCTpaHeHMH AaBneHMH , caMO no ce6e AaHHoe noBeAeHMe HB/meToi MMineHbio RJW M3MeHeHMM , XOTH M He BO BpeMH 3aHHTMM. K 3aHflTMK) M KpaTKO

—

IlpOTOKOA TepaneBTMHeCKOrO CTMMyAHpOBaHMfl COIJMaAbHOM

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTM

BonbniMHCTBO CTpaTerMM M3MeHeHMM, HanpaBneHHbix Ha pa6oTy c ono3AaHMAOManiHMX 3aAaHMM, He>Ke/iaHMeM npMHMMaTb aKTMBHoe ynacTMe npM BbinonHeHMM ynpa >KHeHMM M /IM B o6cy >KAeHMHx, a TaK >Ke pa6 oTbi c peaKAMeM “ He AenaMTe MHe 6o/ibHo” npeAHa3HaneHbi jsjix npMMeHeHMH B TIMHHOM

HMM , HeBbino/meHMeM

Hnaea 3. Pa 6oia Hafl npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHMeM ...

99

o6meHMM, O6MHHO BO BpeMfl nepepbiBa. KaK m npn o6cy >KAeHHM peaKijiiM wHe flenawTe MHe 6onbHo” vum HeBbinonHeHnn AOMaiimux 3aflaHMM, ije/ib TaKoro pa3rOBOpa COCTOMT B nOMOUJM KTIMeHTy C TK B nOMCKe MOTMBaii; MM npaBMHbHblX noCTynKOB B BMfle Hafl7ie>Kamero noBefleHMH Ha 3AHHTMAX rpynnoBoro TpeHMHra. 3TO flocTwraeTCH nyieM HanoMMHaHMH o 6a30Boii IJCHHOCTM cnpaBefl/iMBOCTM.

Hw >Ke noKa 3aHO, KaK TepaneBT aKTya /iM3MpoBa;i 3TH IJCHHOCTM.

Tpenep.

B TOM, HTO, XOTH H M He CHMTaio, HTO TM xoTena noMemaTb o6yHeHMio CBOMX coTOBapMHi;eH, H nyBCTByio ce6n o 6fl3aHHMM AaTb TE 6e noHHTb, HTO [ono3AaHHH , HeBbino/meHMe AOManiHHx 3aAa HMM H HeBbmOUHeHHe ynpa >KHeHHM Ha 3aHflTMH ] C7iy >KHT MOIIJHMM coi naHbHbiM curaa /ioM, KOTopbiM Mo>KeT cKa3aTbCH Ha npou,ecce o6yHeHMH Bceii rpynnbi. TpeHMHr npoBOAMTcn B He6o7ibmnx rpyn naX. M He3aBMCMMO OT npHHMH nOCTOHHHbie On 03flaHMH OflHOrO M3

fleno

^

ynacTHMKOB, He>KenaHMe npMHMMaTb aKTMBHoe ynacTMe MTIM HCBM nojiHeHMe

Ha

AOMauiHnx 3aAaHMM

Bcex, 4> opMnpyH npMMep

TIOHCMTCH

Toro,

AononHHTenbHbiM

KaKwe ycMTiMH

rpynna

rpy30M

B ijenoM

npunaraeT jijm OCBOCHWH HOBMX HaBbiKOB. HaM Hy >KHbi YCM /IMA Ka)K ,a;oro ynacTHMKa 3TOM ManeHbKoii rpynnbi, HTO6M Bee no/iynn -

. Mbi He TonbKO ynMMCH flpyr y Apyra, HO M cJ)opMwpyeM TOT no6eAHTb COIJHaTIb-

nocb

TMn COo6lH, eCTBa, KOTOpbIM Heo6xOAHM, HTo 6 bI

Hyio M3onHu,MK) M oflMHOHecTBO, xapaKTepHbie RJIX. npo6neM TK. TpeHMHr HaBbiKOB PO 3TO KaK K /iy6 Tpex MyniKeTepoB: OAHH 3a

—

Bcex M Bee 3a OAHoro! ( ynu6aemcH . )

Mbi 3aBncwM OT Toro, npMAenib

Jim TbI BOBpeMH M TOTOBa Jim TbI K 3aHflTMHM M aKTMBHOM npaKTMKe

6yAeT BOOAy( ynu6aemcx.) 3HaiO, 3TO 3ByHMT HeMHOTO naTeTMHHO, HO 3TO AeHCTBMTenbHO Ba >K HO. HaBbIKH PO 3TO He TO, HTO MO>KHO BbiyHMTb CaMOCTOHTCTIbHO mnm no KHMre. HTO6M MX AeftcTBnTe/ibHO noHHTb, Hy >KHO aKTMBHoe ynacrae Ka>KAoro M3 Hac, a 3HannT m TE 6n. { Ilpueemnueo ynu6a emcK.) PlTaK , H xony Te6n cnpocMTb... Tenepb, KorAa TM noHMMa enib, KaKoe Bjmsumz OKa3MBaeT TBoe noBeAeHwe Ha ocra /ibHbix... HaBbiKOB, AeMOHCTpnpyfl Ayx OTKpbITOCTM, KOTOpbIM

meBHHTb TBOMX coTOBapimjeM BecTM

ce6n

TaK

>Ke.

—

—

TbI TOTOBa MCn0Hb30BaTb CBOM CnOCo 6HOCTM MCKTHOHHTe/IbHOrO

CaMOKOHTpOTIH M U,eHHOCTb HepaBHOAyHIHOrO OTHOineHMH K npOMCxoAHineMy, HTO6M noMOHb Apy3bflM- MyniKeTepaM... m BHCCTM CBOM BKnaA B o6mee Aeno [ npwxoAH BOBpeMH, BbinojiHHH AOManmne 3a-

AaHMH, OTBenan

Ha Bonpocbi Ha 3aHHTnn ] ?

100 f/iaBa 3. Pa 6oia

Ha xeH co3flaTb onpe eneHHoe flaBneHMe npn noMoiijM COCTOHHMH nrpnBon HenoHTMTenbHoern ( CM. rnaBy 2 ) , B KOTOPOM npe nonaraeTcn ynacTue Bcex npncyTCTByiomnx, a 3HaKn oTCTpaHeHHOCTM nrHopnpyioTCH . B STOM cnynae TpeHepy cne yeT BCCTM ce6n Tax, 6yflTO xnneHT co 6npa /icH c enaTb flOManiHee 3a,qaHMe, HO y Hero npocTO He nonyHMnocb, M Tenepb OH C roTOBHOCTbio BOCnonb3yeTCH B 03M0>XH0 CTbK) BbinonHMTb ero npnMO Ha 3aHHTMM ( no MiirnBaHiie, noflMnrMBaHne n XM - XM! ) . BcnoMHMTe, HTO MrpMBan HenoHTMTenbHOCTb, Taxnce M3BecTHan xax TepaneBTMnecxoe nojmpa3HMBaHMe (CM. ypox 22 ) , 3TO pyncecxMM cnoco 6 #aBaTb o6 paTHyio CBH 3B # pyr flpyry. Hanje Bcero no,n;o6HaH pa6oTa npoMcxo MT B (J> opMe npocToro npe,o;no>xeHMH BbinonHMTb flOMaiimee 3a ,n;aHMe npnMO cennac ( T.e. Ha 3aHHTMM ): “ MTax, TMM, He Mor 6M Tw HanoMHMTb MHe, xaxMM 6 bmo flOManiHee 3aflaHMe Ha STOM Helene? ” Bonpoc cne yeT 3a,zjaTb Tax, HTO6M OH Bbipancan MCxpeHHK)K), HO Bee nee Henon THTe/ibHyio 3anHTepecoBaHHOCTb, noTOMy HTO BCCM HCHO, HTO xax TpeHep, Tax n ynacTHMX npexpacHO 3Hai0T OTBCT Ha, xa3a /iocb 6 bi, rnynbiM Bonpoc ( XM - XM! ). 3T 2L CTpaTerMH pa6oTaeT, noTOMy HTO XTIMCHT He CMoneeT B OTBCT npocTO exa3aTb: “ U He Bbino/iHMji flOManiHee 3a ,n;aHMe ” M oflHOBpeMeHHO eMy CTaHOBMTcn HCHO, HTO yMTM OT 3T0T0 BOnpOCa HeB03M0>XH0. Ilocne Toro xax XTIMeHT OTBeTMT Ha Bonpoc ( 6 onbniMHCTBO XTIMCHTOB OTBenaiOT ) , TpeHep ,n;o;i >xeH BbinonHMTb no xpaMHeM Mepe nacTb flOManmero 3a ,n;aHMn c HMM npnMO Ha 3aHHTMM, TmaTenbHO npMflepncMBancb TOHa, xoTopbiM 6y#eT BbipancaTb yBepeHHocTb B xoMneTeHijMM M neenaHMM xnneHTa pa6oTaTb HAR CO 6 OM, MrHopMpyn nio6 bie npM3HaxM Hencena HMH noBMHOBaTbcn. HanpMMep, earn B flOManmeM 3a aHMM Tpe 6 oBanocb npaxTMxoBaTb HaBbiXM TM6 XMM pa3yM II03B0nneT” ( CM. ypox 21) , TpeHep MoneeT nonpocMTb xnneHTa npo eMOHCTpMpoBaTb, xax OH Mcnonb30Ban 6 bi STOT HaBbix, eenn 6H y Hero 6 bina Taxan B03M0ncH0CTb Ha npoTnnceHMM npeflbiflynjeM He enM. Taxon noflxoft no3BonneT xnneHTy BOcnonb30BaTbcn npeMMynjecTBaMM coMHe HMM M o6 ecneHMBaeT yMepeHHO HenpMHTHbie nocneflCTBMn 3a HeBbinonHeHMe RO ManiHero 3aflaHMH (ycnneHMe flaBneHMn ) . Ilocne BbinonHeHMn flOManmero 3afla HMH ( no xpaMHeii Mepe, OTnacTM ) Ha 3aHHTMM , xnneHT, exopee Bcero, B 6yaymeM

3aflaHMM,

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f/iaBa 3. Pa 6oia nap, npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBeaeHMeM . . . 101

6yAeT

BOBpeMfl ( eCTIM IIOMHMTe, ce6e Bceo6 mee BHMMaHMe ).

BbinOHHHTb MX

npMBneKaTb K

CxO>XMM nOAXOfl MrpMBOM

KHMeHTbl C

TK

OMeHb He HK)6HT

HenOHTMTeTIbHOCTM CTieAyeT npMMeHHTb,

KOrfla

ero o6cy>XAaTb, T.e. xoneT nponycTMTb CBOIO onepe b paccKa 3biBaTb o TOM, KaK Bee npornno. B Taxon CM Tyat MM, xor a XTIMCHT roBopMT: “ ft fleMCTBMTenbHO He xony 06 STOM roBopMTb” MTIM “ fl xony nponycTMTb CBOIO OHepe# b”, TpeHep B COCTOHHMM HenoHTMTenbHOM KTiMeHT, BbinoTiHMBiHMM

^

flOManiHee 3aflaHMe,

He xoneT

^

^

MrpMBOCTM flOTDXCH npOMTHOpMpOBaTb CKa3aHHOe KTIMeHTOM M BMeCTO SToro npocTO cnpocMTb: “ Xoporno, He MOT/IM 6BI BW MHe HanoMHMTb, Kanoe 6 bmo y Bac

flOMaumee 3a ,o;aHMe Ha STOM Helene? ” HM >xe noKa 3aHbi KnioneBbie MOMCHTW STOM

CTPATERMM.

Tpenep. KnueHtnKa.

Tpenep .

Xoporno, flaceMH. Kax npoumo BbinonHeHMe flOMaiimero 3a

.

He xony 06 3TOM roBopMTb

^aHMH?

Xoporno. He MOTTIM 6BI BM MHe HanoMHMTb, xaxMM 6buio flOMaiimee 3a ,oiaHMe ?

KjiuenmKa .

% cxa3ana, HTO He xony 06 STOM roBopMTb.

Tpenep .

(JjeMoncmpupyx

cdepMannyw ynudity,

cnezKa

npunodnne 6poeu . )

fla, H 3TO IIOHHTI. Ho He MOTTIM 6bi BM MHe npocTO HanoMHMTb, xaKMM OHO 6 bITIO ? IlpOCTO B3T7IflHMTe Ha BaiHM 3anMCM M npOHMTaMTe 3aronoBOK Ha crpaHMije nepefl BaMM

.

KnuenmKa. ( Monnum, CMompum enu3 na 3anucu . ) TyT 3yM n03Bo;meT”.

Tpenep .

CnacM6o. ETrax, fl>xeMH, BM c

HanncaHO

^enanM flOManiHee

TM6XMM pa-

3a #aHMe?

KnuenmKa . fla, HO H He xony roBopMTb 06 STOM. KOHCHHO. ( Kueaem; npueemnueo u cdepwano ynudaemcn. ) VLTZLK , C Tpenep . xeM BM npaKTMKOBanM 3TM HaBbiKM ? (CnezKa npunodnuMaem 6poeu . )

KnuenmKa. Co 3HaxoMbiM Ha pa6 oTe. Tpenep .

3TOT TOT >xe 3HaxoMMM, o KOTOPOM BM paccxa3biBa;iM paHee? HTIM 3T0 KTO -TO HOBbIM ?

KnuenmKa . 3TO TOT >xe nenoBex.

Tpenep .

(Ynu6aemcn u

cnezKa

npunodnuMaem 6 poeu.) O, OT/IMHHO! ECTIM H

npaBMTIbHO nOMHIO, TO 3TO HeTIOBeX, C XOTOpbIM Bbl XOTeTIM yCTaHO BMTb 6 onee 6nM3XMe OTHOineHMH. Bee npaBMTibHO ?

Knuenmna . fla.

-

102 f/iaBa 3. Pa 6oia Hafl npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM noBefleHMeM...

Tpenep .

51 Tax

M flyMan

. HraK ... BH xoporno nopa6oTanw. ( Yjiu6aemcn.) Te -

flaBaiiTe Bee ocTaHeM pa3flaTOHHbie MaTepna /iH c 3aronoB“ IIlKana oijeHKM 6/IH30CTM ( Henadomo cnuMaem daenenue c Knuenma, npocx ecw epynny 3aenxHymb 6 pa3damoHHue uamepuaHa 3Ty niKany, KaK BH flyMaeTe, Kaxoro nbi.) Xoporno, fl>KeMH , ypOBHH Bbl flOCTHTTIM B npaKTMKe 3THX HaBbIKOB?

^

nepb

KOM

fle;iMTbCfl TeM, HTO npowcxo Mno Ha nocneflHeii Helene flOManmero 3a,n;aHnfl, n OKa3a /iocb, HTO 3 MT M HOKenaHne roBopwTb MCXO HeyBepeHHOCTM B TOM , HTO flOMaiimee 3a ,o;aHMe

C 3Toro

MOMeHTa K /ineHTica HaHMHaeT

^

BO BpeMH npaKTMKji

^ CMor BOcno/ib30BaTbCH 3TOM MH . TpeHep

BbinonHeHO xoporno

^

opMaijnen B Kane

-

o6yHeHHH TOMy, xax ( j)opMnpyiOTCfl HOBbie OTHomeHMH. HaKOHeij, TpeHep oco3HaHHo peiim /i c enaTb o63op flOManmero 3aAaHHH fl ^ceMH icopone o6 biHHoro B xanecTBe cpe CTBa noflKpen /ieHMH 3a ycneuiHoe BbinonHeHne oMauiHero 3a,n;aHMH M 3a npnMoe 3aHB /ieHMe o TOM , HTO OHa xoneT M36 e>KaTb 06cy)KfleHMH BMecTo Toro, HTO 6H npocTO MonnaTb, jsyTbcx H /IM fleMOHCTpwpoBaTb peaKi Mio tcHe fle/iaiiTe MHe 6onbHo”. MrHopwpyH M3HaHa 7ibHHM 3anpoc KTIHCHTICH nponycTMTb CBOIO onepeflb npoBepicn flOManiHero 3aflaHMx M 3a,o;aBaH yMecTHbie M npocTbie Bonpocw, TpeHep CMOR: 1) B MHTKOM (})opMe nepe,a;aTb nocnaHne KJIH eHTKe M Been rpynne, HTO OTKa3 paccKa3HBaTb o BbinoTmeHMH ftOManmero 3a ,o;aHMH HenpweMTieM Ha 3aHHTMHx no PO flllT; 2) an KnneHTKe, He cenaiomeM ^ ynacTBOBaTb B pa6oTe, B03MO>KHocTb nonynnTb no3MTMBHyio o 6 paTHyio CBH3b 3a Bbino/iHeHMe flOMaumero 3a aHMH n npoHBMTb rM6K0CTb, coo6 man o CBoen pa6oTe, HecMOTpH Ha OTcyTCTBMH ^KenaHMH 3TO flenaTb; M 3) noflKpenn /i TOTOB HOCTb K /meHTKM pa6 oTaTb, ,o;aB ew cBo6o# y ACMCTBMM M He npMHy an fleTanbHO paccKa3HBaTb o Bbino/meHUH flOManmero 3a ,n;aHHfl. KnweHTbi c TK oneHb peflKo npoflo/DKaiOT ynopcTBOBaTb B CBOCM HOKenaHHM paccKa3biBaTb o BbinoTiHeHMM flOMauiHero 3a#aHHfl , HeB 3npan Ha Bee yciumx TpeHepa no6yflMTb nx BbicKa3aTbcn . Iloc/ie TpexKpaTHon nonbiTKM no6y MTb KnueHTa c TK npucoe MHiiTbCfl K o6 cy>K ,n;eHHK> npoflenaHHon pa6 oTbi n npn Ha 7IMHMM Bep6 anbHbIX M HeBep6 a7IbHbIX CHTHanOB, 0flH 03HaHH 0 yKa3bIBaiOI14 MX Ha CTBe cpeflCTBa

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3HaHMTe7ibHbiM flMCTpecc, Hanp DKeHne ,

^

conpoTMBneHMe H /IM HenpeioiOHHOCTb

no3m MM , Be ymeMy Hy^KHO npuBeTTiMBO ynbi6HyTbcn n cHM 3HTb #aB;ieHMe cno BaMM: “ Xoporno, x pajj, HTO BH npHMO BbipaacaeTe CBOM cenaHMH . 51 BM Ky, HTO ^ ^ no KaKMM - TO npMHMHaM BH He XOTMTe rOBOpMTb CerO HH O flOMaiHHeM 3aflaHMM . PlTax , BO-nepBbix, MCHH AeMCTBMTenbHO pa ,n; yeT TO , HTO BH ero BbinonHHeTe, M no KpaMHew Mepe cero HH .qaBanTe nepeiifleM K cneflyiomeMy ynacTHMKy, a MH c BaMM Mo^ceM noroBopMTb 06 3TOM BO BpeMH nepepbma. Ho ecnw BH M 3MCHM Te CBoe MHeHwe , npocTO aMTe MHe 3HaTb” 3aTeM aie yeT ynbi 6 HyTbcx M no MMTHyTb KTineHTy, nocMOTpeTb Ha rpynny M cica3aTb: “Xoporno , KTO enj;e xoneT

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rhasa 3. Pa 6oia

Ha ,q

npo6/ieMaTMHHbiM

noBe/ jeHHeM ...

103

o AOManmeM 3aAaHMM ? ” Bo BpeMH nepepbiBa Heo6xoAMMO o6fl3ao 6cyflMTb c KTIMCHTOM 3Ty cmyai MK), oi eHMB BepoHTHOCTb TepaneBTMHecKoro pa 3pbiBa (3aHHBnmcb ero BOCCTaHOBTieHMeM npM HCOOXOAHMOCTM; CM. cne yioiii MM pa 3 en ) , a 3aTeM npMMeHMTb npoTOKO/i TepaneBTMHecKoro CTM paccKa3aTb

TenbHO

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My/IMpOBaHMH COLJMaTIbHOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTM RJISI npeflOTBpameHMfl nonbITOK OTKa3a paccKa3bmaTb o AOManmeM 3aAaHMM Ha cneAyioinMx 3aHHTMHx.

Pa6 oTa HaA pa3pbiBOM TepaneBTMHecKoro aAbHHca M

ero BOCCTaHOBAeHweM

TpeHep BcerAa AOTDKCH

ono3AaHMH o pa3pbme Te -

paccMaTpwBaTb BepoHTHocTb Toro, HTO

M HeBbinoHHeHMe

flOManiHero

paneBTMHecKoro

anbHHca

3aflaHHH

MoryT cMraa;iM3MpoBaTb

. 3aHHMaTben

BOCCTaHOBTieHMeM TepaneBTMHecKoro

anbHHca cneflyeT He Ha 3aHHTMM , a B TIMHHOM nopn Ke ( T.e. BO BpeMJi nepepbma M 7IM noc/ie OKOHHaHMfl 3aHHTMH ) . PI eCTIM pa3pbIB AeMCTBHTenbHO npMCyTCTByeT, TO cne yeT nonbrraTbCH BoccraHOBMTb TepaneBTMHecKMM a /ibHHC AO Toro, KaK KTineHT BepHeTCH Ha 3aHHTPie ( CM. rnaBy 8 ocHOBHoro yne 6HMKa no PO flllT ). 3TO MO>xeT noKa 3aTbCH HenocM /ibHOM 3aAaneM, Tax xax Ha nepepbiB B rpa MKe 3aHBTMH OTBefleHO Bcero 15 MMH. M. Bee >Ke npaKTMKa noKa3biBaeT, HTO B 6onb UIMHCTBe enynaeB JJJUl BOCCTaHOBTieHMfl B3aMMOnOHMMaHMH flOCTaTOHHO He CKO/ibKwx MMHyT. K TOMy ace B npoTOKone pa3pwBa TepaneBTMHecKoro a /ibHHca noflHepKMBaeTCfl , HTO nonbiTKM BOCCTaHOBTieHMfl B /HO6 OM c/iynae AOTDKHM 6 biTb orpaHMHeHbi no BpeMeHM ( B MAeane OHH He AOTDKHM flnwTbCH Ronbuie 10 MMH.) ,

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HTo 6 bI KTIMeHT He HaHaTI BOCnpMHMMaTb CTIMHIKOM flHMTenbHbie nonbiTKM BOC

-

CTaHOBneHMH ( ycMTieHMe flaBneHMn ) B KanecTBe HaKa 3aHMH. ripn HCOOXOAMMOCTM nonbiTKy BOCCTaHOB /ieHMH TepaneBTMHecKoro anbHHca MO>KHO noBTOpMTb Ha cneflyiomeM Helene, a Taotce cneflyeT npeATioxcMTb KTineHTy o6 cyAHTb npo6neMy C TIMHHbIM

PO flriT-TepaneBTOM.

Pa 6 oTa HaA cymjMAaAbHbiM noBeAeHweM XOTH MO>KeT Ka3aTbCH, HTO moflM c T K Bcerfla cnoKOMHbi M y HMX Bee noA KOH TponeM, cyMi MAanbHoe noBefleHMe M aBToarpeccMH B03HMKai0T cpe w nofloOHbix KTiMeHTOB Henponopn; MOHanbHo nacTO 3TOMy npeflCTaBTieHMio B rnaBe 5 M npn -

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.

^

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•

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oco3HaHHOCTM “fleHTenbHOCTb 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHMH ” BHanane MTIM nocpe6onbine). Ba >KHOCTb AMHe npMMepHO 15 3aHHTMM ( no BO3MO>KHOCTM HMHCM He orpaHMHeHHoro caMOBbipa >KeHMH, COBMCCTHOM Ae Te/ibHOCTM M ^ ny6;iMHHoro paacpbrnm BHyTpeHHMx nepe>KMBaHMM HCBO3MO>KHO nepeoncHMTb B pa6oTe c K /meHTaMM c IK. “flenTejibHocrb 6e3 n /iaHMpoBaHMn ” 3TO OCHOBHOM cnoco6 flaTb npe3MepHo ocMOTpMTe/ibHbiM K /meHTaM c IK B03M0>KH0 CTb onjyTMTb pafloeTb rpynnoBOM pa6oTbi M npopBaTbcn nepe3 6apbep CTIMIHKOM xoporno ocBoeHHbix HaBbiKOB noAaBneHMH co6cTBeHHwx nyBCTB. OmKpbimue zpynnu. Be ymnw rpynnoBoro TpeHMHra He AOTDKCH AonyCKaTb Ha 3aHHTMe HOBbIX K 7IMCHTOB BO BpeMfl MHTCTpaLJMOHHOM HeflenM PO (ypoK 30 ); BMCCTO STOTO HCO6XOAMMO npeAnoncMTb MM npMcoeAMHMTbcn K 3aHHTMHM Ha cneAyiomeM HeAene ( ypox 1). ffneenuK caMouccnedoeanuK . Ka >KAOMy K /iMeHTy peKOMeHAyeTcn BCCTM 3Toro MO>KHO Mcno/ib30BaTb TeTpa b AHeBHMK caMOMccneAOBaHMH. MTIM 6TIOKHOT. KnMeHTaM cneAyeT paccKa3aTb o HCO6XOAMMOCTM BCCTM AHeBHMK nepeA nepBbiM 3aHHTMeM. 06ynemie no noco6uw . HCO6XOAMMO B TOHHOCTM “cneAOBaTb peijenTy” npM o 6yneHMM HaBbixaM PO. Hmenue “cnoeo e cnoeo ” ecnyx. HCO6XOAMMO Bbipa6oTaTb npMBbiHKy HM TaTb BC /iyx C /IOBO B CTIOBO MaTepManw A HHoro noco6 MH , noTOMy HTO: ^ 1) 3TO no3BonneT BHyniMTb npe3MepHO Haije/ieHHbiM Ha pe3ynbTaT KnMeH TaM C IK , HTO 6 bITb HOBMHKOM ( T.e. HMTaTb BCTiyX no KHMTe ) 3TO Bno/me

^

^

• •

HopManbHo;

2)

—

rapaHTMpyeT pacKpwTMe Bcex K /noneBbix MOMCHTOB; M 3) cnoBa 3Toro pyKOBOACTBa noA6 MpanMCb cneu; ManbHO c ijenbio MaK STO

CMManbHoro BO3ACMCTBMH Ha K /IMCHTOB C

TpeHMHTa HaBbiKOB

•

—

IK ( noMHMTe, HTO rnaBHan ijenb

OCBOMTb HOBbie HaBbIKM ).

.

yKa3amenu B u,enoM TCKCT, HanenaTaHHbiM HCMPHWM , TOM nBnneTCH inpM MHCTpyKijMeM RJW. TpeHepa. TCKCT, HanenaTaHHbiM , KypcueoM cneAyeT HMTaTb Bcnyx Been rpynne. TCKCT, HanenaTaHHbiM MUp HbiM wpucfimoM u KypcueoM , TaK >Ke c/ieAyeT HMTaTb Bcnyx, M 3TO HaM6onee BancHbie KOHLjenijMM o6yneHMH.

TonoepcnfiunecKue

^

•

PO

-

CoxpciHHume neexocmb . Bo BCCM pyKOBOACTBe MO>KHO BCTpeTMTb KOMMCH XM -XM! OHM CMTHanM3MpyioT o TOM, HTO npeACTaB/ieHHbm MaTe pMan HBnneTCH TepaneBTMnecKMM noAApa3HMBaHMeM, M ero nyniiie Bcero npeACTaBHHTb C n 03MIJMM HenOHTMTenbHOM MTpMBOCTM .

TapMM

rAABA 5

nAaHw ypoKOB PO AnT

ypoK 1

PaAMKaAbHaa OTKpbiTocTb OcHOBHbie noAOJKeHMfl ypOKa 1 1. MbI

CKTIOHHbl

o6 paiIjaTb

BHMMaHMe Ha TO, HTO COOTBeTCTByeT HaiHMM

npeflCTaBneHMHM, M MraopMpoBaTb TO, HTO MM npoTMBopenMT.

2. He3HaHMe TOTO, Hero MBI He 3HaeM, MernaeT o6yHeHMio HOBOMy. 3. HTO6M HayHMTbCH HeMy-TO HOBOMy, Mbi DjOTIMCHbl npM3HaTb CBOK) neTeHTHoeTb M M 3MeHMTb CBoe noBe eHMe!

.

4. B PO

HeKOM -

^

ATIH ncMXonorMHeocoro 3flopoBbn Heo6xoftM Mbl TpM COCTaBnHK) IlJ, Me: 1) BOCIIpMMMHMBOCTb M OTKpbITOCTb; 2 ) TM6KOCTb KOHTpOTIH; M 3) 6 jIM30CTb M B3aMM03aBMCMMOCTb.

flllT CHMTaeTCH, HTO

5. CBOM nniocbi M MMHycw ecTb M y OTKPMTOCTM, M y 3aKpbiTOCTM . 6. PO Heo6xOAMMO npaKTMKOBaTb TOTIbKO npM M 37IMIIIHeM 3aKpbITOCTM. 7. PO npe no/iaraeT aKTMBHbiM noMCK Toro, Hero Mbi M36eraeM, c ijenbio o6yOHa MOMCeT KaK npMHMHHTb HeHMH. OHa Tpe 6yeT CMe/IOCTM M CMMpeHMH 6o/ib, Tax M flaBaTb 6onbniyio CBo6o y M Heo6xoflMMa Ann ynacTMn B >KM3HM o6 mecTBa. PO He 03HanaeT o,o;o6 peHMH , HaMBHOM Bepw MHM 6e3 yMHOro nonycTMTenbCTBa. 8. flnn npaKTMKM HaBbiKOB TM6KMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHHo: TpM mara Ha nyTM K MCM3HM C paflMKa /IbHOM OTKpbITOCTbK) ” Heo6xOflMMO: 1) IipM3HaTb HaTIM HMe HenpMHTHbIX BHyTpeHHMX Co 6 bITMM; 2 ) npaKTMKOBaTb 0 C03HaHH0CTb npM noMonjM caMOMccneflOBaHMH, noBepHyBiiiMCb K CBoeMy AMCKOMc opTy HMI OM; M 3) pearMpoBaTb TM6KO M pa3Hoo6pa3HO B COOTBCTCTEMM c KOH -

^

^

—

^

^

^ TeKCTOM.

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi • •

• •

Pa3#aTOHHbiM MaTepMan 1.1, “TecT Popmaxa” Pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTepMan 1.2, HTO TaKoe paflMKanbHan OTKpbiTocTb” Pa3flaTOHHMM MaTepMan 1.3, “06yHeHMe npM noMon M caMOMCcneftOBaHMn ” (flononHMTenbHo ) Pa3,n;aTOHHbiM MaTepMan 1.4, “ OcHOBHbie nononceHMn ypoKa 1. PaAMKanbHan OTKpbiTocTb”

^

ypOK 1. PaflMKa bHafl OTKpbITOCTb 113 ^

Pa6 oHMM TIMCT l.A, MMCJJW O 3aKOCTeHenoM pa3 yMe” Pa6oHMM TIMCT 1.B, TM6KMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHHo: Tpw mara

K >KM3HM C

paflMKanbHOM OTKpblTOCTbK) ”

Pa6oHMM

TIMCT

1.B, “3a

M npOTMB OTKpbITOCTM M 3aKpbITOCTM

flTIfl HOBOTO

onbiTa ”

^

HeBHMK

caMOMccneflOBaHMB (npuMenanue:

KTiMeHTaM

HCOBXOAMMO npMHe-

CTM C C060M TeTpaflb M7IM 6/IOKHOT flAA BblllOTIHeHMH STOTO nyHKTa. )

MenoBan AOCKa M Men MTIM MapKepHan Aocxa M MapKepw FIPMMEMAHHE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. KawAbiM TpeHMHr HaBbiKOB PO O6 WMHO HannHaeTCB c KpaTKOM npaKTMKM 0C03HaHH0CTM. ECAM npeflnO/lOKMTb, MTO 3aHBTHB npOBOflBTCB B OTKpbiTOM rpynne (T.e. K /inembi HanMHaiOT 3aHwviaTbCfl B pa 3Hoe BpeMfi), peKOMeHAyeMbie ynpawHeHMA Ha oco3HaHHOCTb, npMBefleHHbie fla /iee, npoBOflBTCB B Hanane 3aHBTMB HenocpeflCTBeHHO nepeA npoBepKOM AOMawHMx 3aAaHMM npow /ioro ypoKa. TpeHepy CAeAyeT crpeMMTbCA Ae/iaTb 3Ty npaKTMKy M AaAbHeMwee o6cy>KAeHMe KpaTKHMH. B penoM npaKTHKa oco3HaHHocTM M o6cy>KAeHne Ha 6AK>AeHMM, CAe/iaHHbix B npopecce, AO/i>KHbi AAMTbca npn6nM3me/ibHO 6-8 MMH.

(PeKOMeHAyeTcn) npaKTHKa 0C 03HaHH0CTM Oco3HdHue d6oucm6eHHOcmu McnoTib3yMTe pa3AaTOHHWM MaTepMan 1.1, wTecT Popmaxa”

B xofle npaKTMKM Mcnonb3yMTe npMBeAeHHbie HM >Ke TCKCT M Bonpocbi.

flnn Hana/ia HaweM npaKTMKM nonoKme nepeA CO6OM AMCT C TedOM Pop-

A a /1, TaK, MT06bl Bbl M0I71M paCCMaTpMBaTb ero, He ABMraACb. Tenepb oco3HaHHO CAe/iaMTe rny6oKMM BAOX M nepeHecme BHHMaHMe Ha pucyHOK. 06paLAaMTe BHMMaHue Ha Bee o6pa 3 bi MAM narrepHbi, KOTopbie y Bac npM 3TOM B03HMKat0T. ECAM Bam pa3yM oTBAeKaeTCA, KaK 3TO HAM CBOMCTBeHHO, MAI KO BepHMTe BHMM3 HMe K BM3yaAbHOMy M306pa>KeHMJ0 MAM nauepHy, KOTopbiM Bbi BMAMTe nepeA CO6OM. [ flay3a dnumenbHocmbK) npu6nu3umenbHO 10 c.] Xopowo, Tenepb BepHMTecb B 3TO noMemeHMe, M AaBaMTe o6cyAMM, HTO BW 3aMeTMAM. Luaxa, KOTOpblM A BaM TOJlbKO MTO

"

PaccnpocwTe o Ha6 jnoAeHMflx ynacTHMKOB. Kaxue o6pa3 bi y eac 603 HU Kanu npu myneHuu mecma Popmaxa? Bu 3 aMemunu 3 HaKOMbie (popubi unu o6pa3 bi, nanpuMep Kmo- mo CMO2 paccMompemb 3 decb Kponuxa? IIoAHepKHMTe Awana 30H pa3Hbix | < > opM, KOTopwe 3aMeTMJiM pa3Hbie . B Toii 3 npaKTMKM MHCTpyKTop AO/DKeH CAenaTb aKLjeHT Ha Tuoftn xoffe TOM, HTO He cym,ecTByeT MAeanbHoro cnoco 6a BMACTb STOT pncyHOK, M Tax S

•

114 DiaBa 5 . n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

6biBaeT noHTM Bcer a, T.e. He cymecTByeT M#ea /ibHoro noBefleHMfl M peflKO BCTpenaiOTCH CMTyaijMM , B KOTopbix ecTb OP;MH MfleanbHbiM OTBCT. Hanpw Mep, CKopee Bcero, Bee ynacTHMKM rpynnbi exanw Ha 3aHHTMe no- pa3HOMy, M HeCMOTpH Ha 3TO BCe npM6 bmM BOBpeMH. PO HaHMHaeTCH C npM3HaHMH HaUIMX pa37IMHMM , M 3TO OTKpbIBaeT B03M0>KH0CTb o6yHeHMfl HOBOMy, B OTjmHMe OT npMBbiHKM o6patu,aTb BHMMaHMe Ha TO, HTO HenpaBwnbHo vum npeflCTaB/ineT noTeHijMa /ibHyK) yrpo3y. • IIoompflMTe caMOMCcneffOBaHiie. (npuMenanue: TpeHepy cne yeT 3a,o;aTb TOTibKO o6 3aTe;ibHbie Bonpocw , npMBe,o;eHHbie HM >KE; flono/iHMTe /ibHbie ^ Bonpocbi Heo6xo,niMMO 3a,n;aBaTb, TOTIBKO earn Ha HMX xBaTMT BpeMeHM.) S ( 06fl3aTenbHo ) CnpocnTe: HacKonbKO eu y6encdenbi e moM , nmo ecmb monbKO oduH npaeunbHbiu cnoco6 U 3ynenux mecma Poptuaxa ? Kan earn omeem noMoeaem nonxmb same eocnpuxmue uupa u ce6x? Heftiy 6 bi MO xceme naynumbcx, ucxodx U 3 amoeo onbima? S (flono/iHMTenbHo ) CnpocnTe: B KCIKOU cmenenu eu cpaenueaeme ceou na6nwdenux mecma Poptuaxa c na6nwdenuxMU dpyeux modeu? Bbino nu eatue cpaenenue ocyMdawut,uM ? 3mo ocywdenue mcaemcx OKpywawmux? Mnu eac cauux? Mnu neeo-mo etu,e? Hmo smo eoeopum eau o moM , xax eu eudumeuup? HeMyMoncno 6bino 6u naynumbcx e omou cumyat uu? S ( flononHMTenbHo ) CnpocnTe: Bu3 bieana nu y eac K02da - nu6ydb cnoncnocmu neo6xoduMocmb paccMompemb cumyat uw cpa3nux cmopon? flono/iHMTe/ibHbie Bonpocw fl/ifl o 6cy>K,ueHMfl MO^CHO npeflCTaBMTb B BMfle nrpbi, nonpoaiB ynacTHMKOB npe Tio^CMTb Kax MO>KHO 6o/ibme BapnaHTOB pe rneHMH npocTOM npo6/ieMbi nnn Bbino/iHeHMfl Taxoro noBceflHeBHoro flencTBMH , Kax noe aHMe n 6noKa MUM CTnpxa 6 enbH .

^

^

^

^

^

^

( 06a 3aTeAbHo ) noAo^ceHwe ypOKa A6oucm6eHHOcm-b 6ocnpunmun • Hpaeumcx HUM omo unu Hem, MM ece cfiopMupyeM codcmeennyw cucmeMy

ydexcdemiu. Macro OHa CTaHOBMTcn

HTO MM ,n;a

^ce

He Mo ceM

BHMMaHMe Ha BOfly!

•

•

^

HacTO/ibKO HeorbeMTieMon OT Hac,

ee 3aMeTMTb; STO

Kax nonpocMTb

pw6y o6paTMTb

MM CKJIOHHM o6paiufamb SHUManue na mo, nmo coomeemcmeyem naiuuM npedcmaeneHtuiM , u mnopupoeamb mo, nmo e HUX ue onucMoaemcx. B cou,uanbHou ncuxonozuu omo na3 M 6 aemcx “nodmoepMdawu ee ucnaweHue” . HanpMMep, earn Bbi KOHcepBaTMBHbi B Bonpocax no/iMTMKM, TO, CKopee Bcero, BBI 6y eTe HMTaTb ra 3eTbi TOTIBKO c KOHcepBaTMBHWM B 3TJIX -

^

^

ypOK 1. PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb 115

(06fl3aTeAbHo) npaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHMe Hama d 6oucm6eHHOcmi> Bocnpunmun: Kan MU 3aKpu6 aeMcn neped AUU,OM HOQOU UH (popnau,uu DiasHan u,enb STOTO ynpamieHMH

—

onpe eneHHM ^ , K OHM npn6erai0T, noTeHUiManbHbix fleaaflanTMBHbix peaxijMn KOTOPWM CTaTIKMBa Cb C OTpMI aTeTIbHOM o6 paTHOM CBB3bK), OflHOBpeMeHHO nOHM ^ MaB, HTO BCeM MHOr a 6 bIBaeT C /IOBCHO OTKpbITbCB flBB o6paTHOM CBB3M. TpeHepy

^

noMOHb ynacTHMKaM B

^

cneayeT CTpeMMTbcn orpaHMHMTb

BbinojiHeHMe

5-7 MMH. IlpMBefleHHbie 3,oiecb flono/iHMTenbHbie Bonpocw

ynpaacHeHMB

CTOMT 3a ,D;aBaTb,

.

TOTIbKO eCTIM Ha HMX XBaTMT BpeMeHM

HanHMTe c ffByx o6n3aTe;ibHbix sonpocoB, npMBefleHHbix HMHce. S ( 06B 3aTenbHo ) CnpocMTe: Kax eu peaeupyeme, xoeda e noucKax omeemoe m eaxcnue eonpocu eu cmanKueaemecb c moHKou 3penux, omjiuHHOu om eaiueii? S ( 06B3aTenbHo ) CnpocMTe: Kaxoea eatua 7iw6uMax cmpameeux, no3 eonxwmax ne cnumamb moeo, nmo npomueopenum eatueuy Mnemuo? S (flonoBHMTenbHo) CnpocMTe: Kan eu dyuaeme, dpyeue nwdu 3 dMenawm, Koeda eu 3aKpueaemecb om Mnenux, omnunnoeo om eaiueeo? Hmo omo Moxcem earn cxa3amb o eac caMux? S (flono/iHMTe/ibHo ) CnpocMTe: Earn eu cnumaeme, nmo ece 3naeme no 3 moMy eonpocy, 6ydeme nu eu 6onee unu uenee omKpumu dnx o6 pam nou C6 X3U , ceudemenbcmeywu eu o eavueu oiuu6 xe? S ( flononHMTe /ibHo ) CnpocMTe: Earn eu y6excdenu e moM , nmo 3eM /ix nnocxax, nacKonbKo eucoxa eepoxmnocmb moeo, nmo eu 6ydeme ucxamb uH $opMau,uw o mou, nmo ona Kpyenax? fta /iee 3anMiHMTe Ha flocice cnncoK CTpaTernn, npeftnoBceHHbix rpynnon.

^

IIpMMepbi:

peneTMpoBaTb onpoBepBceHMB; MCKaTb onpoBepraiomne floxa pa3Mbim/iHTb 06 3TOM; 3aKpbiTbca; flenaTb BMA, HTO

3aTenbCTBa; nocTOBHHO

,

HE c/iymaenib; aTaKOBaTb; CMeHMTb TeMy; c enaTb BJ/LJJ, HTO cxynHo; npeBpa TMTb

Bee B rnyTKy; necTHo c/iymaTb;

ce6e; c

^

^

HanaTb

no

enaTb Bn #, HTO cor /iaceH , XOTB Ha caMOM flene

MB Ha TO, HTo 6 bi

no

^

yiviaTb 06 STOM

.

-

npnBbiHKe coMHeBaTbCB B

—

HCT; Bbi enMTb

^

Bpe-

B KOHu,e OTMeTbTe 3Be3flOHKOM (*) Te CTpaTernM, KOTopwe ynacTHMKM rpyn nbi eflMHOflyuiHO npM3Hann 6ecnone3HbiMM MBM TaKMMM , KOTopbie MoryT npMBeCTM K HOKenaTeBbHblM nOCBeflCTBMBM.

116 f /iasa 5. IlnaHbi ypoKOB PO Af ~IT

^

KaHanw, HO Barne MH opMaijMOH aMM M cMOTpeTb TaKMe Ke ^Hoe none 6 yp,eT coBepineHHO flpyrMM npw npoTMBonononcHbix B3rnnflax. )

HOBOcTHbie

S CnpocHTe: Kax eu cHumaeme, Karne nodmeepMbawu ue ucKaweHUH nau6onee xapaxmepHU dnx nwdeu c TK? HanpuMep, “EduncmeeHHUu cnoco6 npodonwamb deuxcenue eneped — nowepmeoeamb co6ou\ “ HUpoeamb uaneped o6x3amenbHo”, “Bumb npaeuu eawnee, neM 6 U 3U eamb cuMnamuu OKpyncawuijUx”

^

nna-

.

•

.

He3HaHPie Toro, Hero MM He 3HaeM, MernaeT o6yHeHMio PlHorfla MM flyMaeM, HTO 3HaeM HTO -TO, HO 3aTeM o 6Hapy>KMBaeM, HTO STO eme He Bee, HTO HYNCHO noHHTb no flaHHOMy Bonpocy. • HanpMMep, >KMTE/ib CIIIA MO>xeT npe nonaraTb, HTO 3HaeT, KaK KynMTb ManiMHy BO OpaHijMM, HO 3aTeM o 6Hapy >KMBaeT, HTO B COOTBCTCTBMM c 4> paHU,y3CKMM 3aKOHOflaTe/IbCTBOM Heo6xOflMMO 6o/IbIIie flOKyMCHTOB, nacTb M 3 KOTopbix B CoeflMHeHHbix IIlTaTax He Mcno;ib3yeTCH ( HanpM Mep, noflTBep>KfleHMe MecTa >KMTe/ibCTBa, nacnopT, cnpaBKa 06 onnaTe KOMMyHanbHbix yc/iyr M T. .) " FIOMMMO SToro, MM MonceM ,n;a}Ke He 3HaTb, HTO HaM He xBaTaeT KaKOTO -TO HaBbiKa, M HaM HynceH KTO -TO, KTO no CKanceT HaM STO ( HanpM Mep, flByxneTHMM pe6 eHOK He 3HaeT, HTO He yMeeT nonb30BaTbcn MM KpOBOHHOBOM neHbK), KOTfla XOHeT pa30 rpeTb OBCHHKy). • He3HaHMe Toro, Hero MM He 3HaeM, cTaHOBMTcn npo6/ieMOM, Kor a 6noKMpyeT flocranceHMe BancHbix u;e/ieM. Earn MM yeepenw e moM , nmo 3naeM npaewibHMU omeem unu nanyea HM moHKou 3 penuH , omnunnou om named, mo MM yxce npuHxnu petuenue o Hooou utufiopMaUjUu MM pacijeHMBaeM ee KaK noTeHijMa /ibHo onacHyio ( M McnbiTbiBaeM cTpax ) MTIM He MMeiomyio 3HaneHMH ( M3-3a yBepeHHOCTM B TOM, HTO OTBeT y>Ke M3BeCTeH ). B pe3ynbTaTe BOCnpMMMHMBOCTb K nOTeH -

^

^-

^

^

•

. UieHHblM 3HaHMHM ^Hmo6tH neMy -mo naymimbcx, euanane nyxcno npu3

l ManbHO

•

CHM)KaeTCH

Hamb

codcmeennoe

He3 Hcmue.

• Hmo6M neMy -mo naynumvcx, MM donxcHM dyMamv u eecmu ce6x no-noeoMyl 3TO MOnceT npMHMHHTb 6o7Ib, BbI3bIBaTb TpeBOry M HyBCTBO yHMnceHMH.

ypOK 1.

PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb 117

( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOHceHHe o6 yHeHMH manoe ncuxoAozuuecKoe 3dopo6i> e

•

ffocmounax

MU 3 HV

— amo ue

monbKO

pa6oma Had codou,

HO U HOUCK

3 dop06020 OmHOUieHUH K MU 3 HU .

eu e mo, nmo ncuxonoeunecKoe 3dopoebe unu dnaeononynue cyu ecmeyem? Kax earn omeem xapaKmepU 3yem oaiue eocnpunmue Mupa? Heuy earn, 603MOMHO, cnedoeano 6u naynumbcn? CmpeMHCb K ttcuxonoeunecKOMy 3dopoobw , none3 HO nonuMamb 3 Hane Hue amoeo mepMuna . S CnpocMTe: Kcuaie (fiopMbi noeedenun xapaxmepHU dnn ncuxonoemecxu 3dop06 bix nwdeu? S CnpocMTe: Hmo, no eatuemy Mnenuw , odbedunxem ncuxonoemecxu 3 do poobix nwdeu? B PO npuHHtno cnumamb, nmo ncuxonoeunecnoe 3dopoobe UMeem mpu Knwneobie xapanmepucmuKu . 1. BoenpuuMHUOoemv u omKpbimocmb K HOBOMY onwiy M HenpwHTHOM o6 paTHOM CBH3M paflM o6yHeHMH. 2. TU 6 KUU KOHmponb paflM aflanTaijnn K M3MeHHK> mwMCH ycnoBMHM OKpyS CnpocMTe: Bepume nu

^

•

•

^aiomew cpeflbi.

3. Bnu30cmb u 63auM 03a6 UCUM0cntb no omnotueHUH ) xomx 6bi K odnoMy Henooeny. BbDKMBaHne Harnero BM a 3aBMCMT OT cnoco6HOcra ycTaHaB-

•

^

pa6oTaTb coBMecTHo B rpynne. Umax, donee unu Meuee... 6 coomeemcmeuu c amuM onpedeneuueM ypaoHoeeuieHHbiu nenooex OTKPWT He TO;H> KO ATIH HenpMHTHOM o6paTTiMBaTb flonrocpoHHbie CBH3M M

,

HOM CBH3M HO U

flJIH

B03MOKHOCTM M3MeHHTb CBOe

co6cTBeHHOM 3| < > (}> eKTMBHOCTM c OKpy^caiomMx. noBbimemiH

nOBefleHMe C IjeJIbK)

yneTOM noTpe6HOCTeM

nu eu npueecmu npuuep, xax amu mpu nywcma cdenamb nunnyw ncu3 Hb nynrne? Heuy eau uoncem nonadodumb CH naynumbcn, nmodbi eu Moenu ncumb e coomeemcmeuu c amumu npUHU,unauu?

S CnpocMTe: Moxceme Moeym

118 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKemie ypOKa OmKpumocmt UAU 3aKpumocmi>? Bom 6 new. Sonpoc! • Hnoeda 3aKpt>imocmv smo uMenno mo, nmo nyotCHO e dannou cumya )

—

ueo6xoduMocmu o npednoMeHHmx u3MeneHUHX . HanpwMep, torn BaM npeflno)KMnM nonpo6 oBaTb AOMauiHMM cwp, HO BaM He HpaBMTcn ero BKyc M ecTb ApyraB eAa, TO B STOM CMTyaijMM 3aKpbiTOCTb BnonHe HopManbHa. 3aKpbiTOCTb MCK /iiOHMTenbHO none3Ha npn HanaAeHMM rpa6MTe /m M 7IM BO BpeMH nbITOK, KOTAa BaC 3aXBaTM7IM B nneH Ha BOMHe. 3aKpbITOCTb u,uu, u

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119

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHMe MuKMTe Ka >KflOMy ynacTHMKy BH 6paTb MM 4>, KOTopbiM OH MCKpeHHe CHMTaeT BepHbiM, M 3aTeM no onepeflM npaKTMKOBaTb caMOMecneflOBaHMe M caMopacKpbiTMe npn noMoinn STMX MM (J)OB. IIIarM BbinojiHeHMH 3Toro ynpa>KHeHMH cneflyiomMe. 1. HanapHMK, KOTopbiM fle/iMTCH CBOMMM MMCJIHMM, BHana /ie HMTaeT Bcnyx Bbi6 paHHbiM MM (J) TpM pa 3a noApHfl. 2. HanapHMK, KOTopbiM aiyman , HMTaeT 3aTeM HecKonbKo BonpocoB Ann caMOMccne oBaHMH M3 3Toro >Ke pa6onero TiMCTa, HanpMMep Ta ^ KMX. Heuy eaM cnedyem naynumbcx na ocHoeamiu amoeo Mu$a? Hmo MOMHO cKa3 amb o eac u eatueu MU 3 HU , ucxodx U 3 amoeo Mwfia ? Bbi3 bi6 aem nuy eac nanpHMenue Mbicnb o moM , nmo6bi mynumb amom MU $ 6onee mw,amenbHO? Ecnu da, mo nmo amo Moncem 03 Hanamb? HaCKOJlbKO 6 bl OmKpbimbl , Hmo6bl H 0 - H 060 My 633/lXHymb na amom MU $ ? Ecnu 6 bi He ornKpumu dnx nodo6nou 603M 0MH 0 cmu unu omKpumbi monbKO omnacmu , mo nmo amo Moatcem 03 Hanamb? 3. 3aTeM Heo6xoAHMO noMeHHTboi po/mMM B nape, M c/iymaTenb Tenepb 6yfleT pacKpbiBaTb CBOM y6e>K #eHMfl, nporoBapMBaa Bcnyx o6pa3bi, MbICTIM M BOCnOMMHaHMH , CBfl 3aHHbie C Bbl6paHHbIM MM (J)OM. 4. Iloc/ie Toro KaK ynacTHMKM cbirpanM Ka>K yio ponb XOTH 6 bi no OAHOMy pa3y, TpeHepy cneAyeT npe£/io>KMTb MM noAejiMTbcn CBOMMM Ha6nK) a;eHMHMM, c enaHHbiMM BO BpeMfl ynpa >KHeHMH, co Been rpynnon. YnacTHMKaM cne yeT BKjiiOHMTb B enceffHeBHyK) npaKTMKy caMOMCCTiefloBaHMH sonpocbi , KOTopwe noKa3anMCb MM Han6onee npoBOKaijMOHHbi MM , M 3anMCbiBaTb cflenaHHbie Ha 6moAeHMH B AHCBHMK caMOMCcne OBaHMH .

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OmKpbimocmv manatee naemo ynymuaem omtiouieHUH , tiomoMy nmo ne nxemcn nponeneHueM CMUpeuux u eomoenoemu ynumbcsi momy, nmo MO mem ttpednoanumv Mup . OHa CMrHanM3MpyeT OKpy>KaK> H],MM o TOTOBHOCTM ycnbimaTb Apyroe MHeHMe, He OTMaxMBancb OT Hero aBTOMaTnnecKM. Ba>K -

120

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HO TaK KM3HH C paflMKajibHOM OTKpbiTOCTbio” nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. 06yMaa HaBbiKaM TM6KMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHHo", Bbi HeM36e>KHO yMme maBHOMy HaBbiKy Bcero TpeHMHra PO. C/ieflyeT npn3biBaTb yMacTHMKOB HOCMTb C C060M TaB/lMLjy TM6KMM pa3yM, HeCOMHeHHo" M BOnpOCbl fl/lfl CaMOHcc /ieflOBaHMfl (no BO3MO>KHOCTM), mo6bi OTMenaTb, Korfla OHM 3aMeMaiOT 3a CO6OM 3aKOdeHe biM MJIM 4>aTa MCTMHHbiM pa 3yM. Bo3MO>KHO, MMHOMy TepaneBTy noHaflo^ ^ ^ 6MTCB o6yHMTb K/iMeHTa HABBIKYTM6KMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHHo" BO BpeMB MHflMBMflya/ibHOM TepanMM, earn TOT HaHMHaeT nocemaTb TpeHMHr noc /ie ypoKa 1 (STO no3BOjiaeT He o>KMflaTb OKOHnaHMB Bcero pMK /ia o 6yneHMB AJIB ocBoeHMB 3Toro HaBbiKa). ripoBOflMTe o6yMeHMe HenocpeflCTBeHHO no pa3,qaTOMHOMy MaTepMa/iy 1.3,"06yHeHMe npM noMoiMM caMOMCcneflOBaHMfl" M pa 6oHeMy jiMcry l .B, TM6KMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHHo: TpM rnara K >KM3HM C paflMKa^ bHOM OTKpblTOCTbK)". npMBefleHHbie HM>Ke nyHKTbi o6yMeHM« He pacKpbiBaioT Becb MaTepMa/i pa 6oneM Ta 6/iML4bi (Mcnojib3yMTe 3TM no/io>KeHMfl B KaMecTBe noMomM B o6yMeHMM). TaK KaK 06a 3TMX MaTepnana flaiOTCB B KaqecTBe o6B 3aTe/ibHoro AOMawHero 3aAaHMB, B3>KHO, MTOBW TpeHep BbiAe/iM/i BpeMB Ha TO, MT06bl 03H3K0MMTb yHaCTHMKOB KaK C pa 3flaTOHHblM MaTepMa/lOM 1.3, TaK M c pa 6oMMM JIMCTOM 1.6 nepeA TeM, KaK npocMTb yHacTHMKOB HanaTb pa 6oTaTb c HMMM CaMOCTOHTeJlbHO. nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. npM oByqeHMM HaBbiKy TM6KMM pa 3yM, HeCOMHeHflOCKe aKpoHMM (COM), pa 3MecTMB 6yKBbi BepTMKa/ibHO oflHa nofl flpyroM, HO He Ha 3biBaa M He pacKpbiBaB 3H3 MeHMe Ka>KflOM M 3 HMX. 3aTeM, HaMMHaB c nepBOM 6yKBbi aKpoHMMa (C), oBynaMTe HaBbiKy, KOTOPWM accopMMpyeTCB c HeM, npM noMou M npMBefleHHbix 3flecb no/io>KeHMM, noKa He pacKpoeTe Bee CBB3aHHbie HaBbiKM. Ba>KHoe 3aMeMaHMe: Ha flocKe c/ieAyeT nMcaTb TO/ibKO o6mee onMcaHMe, COOTBeTCTByioiAee Ka>KflOM 6yKBe, TO/ibKO Korfla Bbi oBynaeTe CBB3aHHbiM c 3TOM 6yKBOM HaBbiKaM. TaKOM MeTOfl o6yneHMB no3BO/iBeT M36e>KaTb npocrpaHHbix o6bBCHeHMM 06 Mcno/ib30BaHMM onpeflejieHHbix C/IOB B aKpoHMMe M /MJIM He3pe/ioro o6yHeHMB KOHpenpMM. 3HaneHMe Ka>KflOM 6yKBbi pacKpbiBaeTCB TO/ibKO npM c|)opMajibHOM o6y-

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124 f/iaBa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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YpOK 1. PaflMKa /lbHafl

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125

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126 f/iaBa 5. nriaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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paflHKOTIbHOJI OTKpbITOCTb

• PaflMKaTIbHafl OTKpbITOCTb — 3TO OTKpbITOCTb HOBOM MHcjjOpMaiJMM MJIM He-

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PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb 133

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Mcno;ib30BaTb Bonpocw caMOMcc/ieflOBaHMH M3 pa3flaTOHHoro MaTepn ana 1.2, HTO Taxoe paflMKanbHaa OTKpwTOCTb”, RJW. yrny6neHMH npaKTMKM. IIoMHMTb o TOM, HTO Te Bonpocw , KOTopwe He HpaBHTCH 6o/ibine Bcero, 3TO jiynniMe Bonpocw

Bbl e/IHTb

^

nHTb MMHyT B

HTO 6H 3aflaBaTb

OBaHMa. ^ Ha npOTH CeHMM

flnn caMOMCcne fleHb

^

HeCKOTIbKMX

flHCM Ha TO,

ce6e Bonpocw Ann caMOMcaieflOBaHMH M 3anMCHBaTb xa>K -

flblM fleHb Bee CBOM aCCOIJMaiJMM B AHeBHMK CaMOMCCneflOBaHWH.

ypOK 1.

PaflMKa /lbHafl OTKpbITOCTb 137

IIOMHMTb O Heo6xOflMMOCTM fleTiaTb npaKTMKy CaMOMCCneflOBaHMH KOpOTKOM ( 5 MMH. PITIM MeHee ), noHMMan HTO 6 ONEE fl7iHTe;ibHaH npaKTMKa nacTo HBTIHeTCH CKpbITOM nOnbITKOM flOKa 3aTb Ce 6e, 4T0 >1 ycepflHO Tpy>KyCb, Ha Ka3aTb ce6n MTIM peniMTb npo6neMbi /yin ynynineHMH caMonyBCTBMfl. B OTHOHieHMM 6 bICTpbIX OTBCTOB M 7IM 6 HOCTM oyeHMTb 3 pe ynbTaTbi npaKTMKM caMOMccneflOBaHMfl. noTpe IIOMHMTb O TOM, HTO pyMMHaiJMfl MTIM nOipy>KeHMe B pa3,a;yMbH 3TO He , , nonbrnca a npo 6 3 petuumb neMy ypezynupoeamb MOU,UU caMOMCcneflOBaHMe U / UJIU u36eMamb ducKOM KfleHMe OKpy^caioii], Mx M Bcero MMpa BO BpeMB npaKTMKM CaMOMCCneflOBaHMH . OEpaiyaTb BHMMaHMe Ha Taimbie nonbiTKM M36e>KaTb npM6nM >KeHMH K CO6-

IIpaKTMKOBaTb n0fl03pMTeTIbH0CTb

—

CTBeHHbiM

rpaHMyaM MTIM yperynMpoBaTb SMOLJMM BO BpeMH npaKTMKM ca M MOI07Ib30BaTb MX ,0,7IB TOTO, HTo 6 bI TiyHIHe ce 6n nOHHTb,

MOMCCTieAOBaHMH

a He

caMOKpMTMKM.

BnoKMpoBaTb nonbiTKM flocmHb coBepmeHCTBa B npaKTMKe caMOMccneflOBaHMH.

Mcno;ib30BaTb caMOMccneflOBaHMe M3yneHMH co6 cTBeHHoro conpoTMBJIEHMH npM ero B03HMKH 0 BeHMM , onMpancb Ha Bonpocw M 3 pa3flaTOHHoro a MaTepnana 1.3, 06yneHMe npn noMonyi caMOMCCTie OBaHMn ”.

^

3annmMTe HUTKG Bonpocbi JJTIH caMOMCcne Han6o7iee no7ie 3HbiMM .

oBaHMH , KOTopwe noKa3a7incb saM

^

M MHoronnaHOBOCTb TM6 KOM peaKijMn co cMMpeHMeM B cooTBeTCTBHM c TeM, HTO Tpe6yeTcn B flaHHbm MOMCHT BpeMeHM c yneTOM noTpe6HOCTeii OKpyacaiomMX. OTMeTbTe nyHKTbl, OTHOCHIIJMeCH K HaBbIKaM, KOTOpbie Bbl npaKTMKOBaTIM.

IIpM3HaTb co6cTBeHHyio

OTBeTCTBeHHOcTb 3a Bbi6op TM6KOM peaKyMM,

a

TaK Ce TO, HTO HMKTO He MO>KCT npMHy MTb MeHfl K 3TOMy.

^

^

6e30naCH0CTM flTIH yBenMHeHMH BepoBTHocTM TM 6 KOM peaKiyiM ( HanpMMep, npn noMOiyn cflep caHHOM ynbi 6KM co cnerKa noflHHTbiMM 6 poBHMM M oflHOBpeMeHHbiM 3aMeAneHMeM

AKTMBM3MpOBaTb

COIJMaTIbHyiO CMCTeMy

^

M

yiTiyBneHMeM flbixaHMfl ).

138 l?iaBa 5. njiaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

Mcnonb30BaTb TaKTMKM M36eramifl A^H 6/iOKnpoBaHMH aBTOMaTMnecKOM, npwBblHHOM M 6 bICTpOM peaKIJMM. OTMCTbTe HaBbIKM, KOTOpbie Bbl npMMeHB/IM. HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO STO Bno/me HopMa /ibHo BbiAe/iHTb BpeMH Ha pa3Mbim /ieHMH: He Ka^KAan npo 6/ieMa Tpe6yeT HeMeA /ieHHoro pemeHMH. Bbi enHTb flBa-Tpn AHH Ha npMHHTMe pemeHM/i M /IM peaKijMio Ha SMOIJM OHa /ibHO npoBOKaTMBHoe co6 biTwe ( HanpMMep, 3/ieKTpoHHoe nwcbMO, npocb6y M /IM Te/ie(}) OHHbiM 3BOHOK ) .

—

^

Coo6maTb flpyrwM /IIOAHM o HCOBXOAMMOCTM BpeMeHM Ha pa3Mbiui7ieHMe o npoM3omeAineM, BK/nonafl co6cTBeHHMM BK /iaA B STO, npexcfte neM npM HHTb pemeHHe o Aa /ibHeMiiiMX AencTBMnx M /IM o6cy>KAaTb npoM30ineAmee, M ncnonb30BaTb STO BpeMH A /IH npaKTMKM caMOMcc/ieAOBaHMH. HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO npoMeA /ieHMe He 03HanaeT yxoA OT pemeHMH npo6neMbi, CHHTwe c ce6n OTBCTCTBCHHOCTM M /IM OTKa3 BbiCTpaMBaTb OTHomeHMH. 3TO Bcero /iMiiib He 6o/ibiiiafl nay3a AHH npaKTMKM caMOMCc/ieAOBaHMH c Aa /ibHeMHiMM B03BpameHMeM K npo6/ieMe. IIpaKTMKOBaTb >KM3Hb B COOTBCTCTBMM C C06CTBeHHbIMM IjeHHOCTHMM, 6epH Ha ce6n OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a CBOIO peaKUiMio Ha npoMcxoAflmee. OTMeTbTe HaBbIKM , KOTOpbie Bbl npMMeHH /IM. B/IOKMpOBaTb npMBblHHyiO CK /IOHHOCTb K o6BMHeHMK) APy X M /IM 0>KM AaHMK), HTO MMp M3MCHMTCH , KOr a BCe M eT He TaK, KaK XOHeTCH. HanoMMHaTb ce6e o TOM, HTO HMKTO He MoaceT 3acTaBMTb MCHH MOIM TbmaTb KaKMe 6 w TO HM 6 bi/io nyBCTBa M /IM SMOIJMM. IIpaKTMKOBaTb CaMOpaCKpbITMe B OTHOUieHMM TaMHOTO >Ke/iaHMH Ha-

^

^

AyTbCH, OTropoAMTbCH , yMTM M /IM noMemaTb ApyroMy

ne/iOBeKy BMCCTO , , TOTO HTo 6 bI npMTBOpHTbCH HTO HMHTO MeHH He OropHaeT, HTO MeHfl BblHyAM /iM K 3TOM peaKijMM M /IM HTO Apyrne /IIOAM

IIpM3HaTb

no/iyHM/iM no 3acnyraM.

npaBO Apyrnx /noAeM Ha COMHCHM /I ( HanpMMep, npeAno/ia MCXOAHT M3 TiyHHIMX HaMepeHMM M / M /IM Ae/iaiOT BCe B03-

raTb, HTO OHM

MOHCHOe

AHH 3({)(J)eKTMBHOrO COBnaAaHMH ) .

CoMHeBaTbCH B pMTMAHOM y6e>KAeHHOCTM B co6cTBeHHOM npaBOTe, Ha noMMHan ce 6e, HTO MBI BMAMM MMp He TaKMM, KaKOM OH ecTb, a TaKMM , KaKMMM Mbi ecTb.

—

HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO STO HaAMeHHO npeAno/iaraTb, HTO MMp M / DKHBI o>KMAaHMHM M /IM npeA cooTBeTCTBOBaTb MOMM AO OKPYNCAIOIAME

.

nO/IOHCeHMHM

HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO H He 3Haio TO, HTO H He 3Haio, paAM BOCnpMMMHMBOCTM TOfO, HTO npOMCXOAMT B HaCTOHIAeM.

6o/ibuieM

ypOK 1. PaflMKa bHafl OTKpbITOCTb 139 ^

IlpaKTMKOBaTb roTOBHOCTb npM 3HaTb co6cTBeHHbie OHIM 6KM , He Bna an B OTHaHHMe M He OTKa 3bIBaHCb OT aKTMBHbIX

^

ACMCTBMM .

IlpaKTMKOBaTb npeoAoneHMe co6cTBeHHoro BbicoKOMepMH ( HanpMMep, npM3HaBaa npMcymyio BceM cioiOHHOCTb ouiM6aTbCH M /IM BcnoMMHan c/iynaM , Kor a MOH y6e>KfleHHOCTb B HCM -TO 6bi/ia OHIM6OHHOM ) . IlpaKTMKOBaTb oTnycKaHMe ^cenaHMH KOHTponMpoBaTb pyrMx

^

^

M 7IM flOMMHMpOBaTb.

nio eM

^

IlpaKTMKOBaTb paflOBaTbCH pa3HOo6pa3MK) , pacno3HaBafl caMbie pa3cnoco6 bi 2KMTB, BecTM ce 6n M AyMaTb. IlpaKTMKOBaTb pa OBaTbCH npo6neMaM , BMAH B HMX BO 3 MO>KHOCTM o6yneHMH HOBOMy, a He noMexy pa ocTHOM >KM 3 HM . IlpaKTMKOBaTb BM eTb 6o;iee o6myio KapTMHy, BMCCTO Toro HTO6M KOH i eHTpMpoBaTbCH Ha fleTannx, 3aAaBan ce6e c/ieAyiomMe Bonpocw . fleucmeumenbHO nu uMeem 3 Hcmemie 6 omdanennou nepcnexmuee mo, na nmo x odpamaw enuManue? C KaKUMU nedocmamKaMu x cmonKnycb, earn 6ydy depncambcx 3a ceoe demanu3Upo6 aHuoe eudenue Mupa? ffocmuncenue xaxux U H H H X dnx uenx u,eneu Moncem nocmpadamb, earn x 6ydy no - npencneuy npudepncueambcx ceoux 63enxdoe? McxoAMTb M3 >Ke/iaeMoro ypoBHH 6/IM 30CTM RJIX ynpaB /ieHMH CBOMMM peaKijMHMM , 3aAaBan ce 6 e cneAyiomMe Bonpocbi . Cmoum nu Mne u danee eecmu ce6x max, xax amo 6uno do nencenamenbnoeo onuma , unu nyncno eeo u3Menumb? Cmoum nu une nodaenxmb unu, nao6opom, cmuMynupoeamb no6y ncdenux K deucmeuxM ? Cmoum nu eupancamb ceou nepencueanux unu nynme cdepncambcx? Heo6xoduuo nu Mne cpa3y nee npu3 Haeambcx 6 ydenedenuxx, oncuda nuxx u Mbicnxx unu nyneno ux enanane omKoppeicmupoeamb? IlpaKTMKOBaTb m6KOCTb B OTHOHieHMM TM6KOCTM; MHOrAa B KOHKpeTHbIM MOMeHT BpeMeHM Tpe 6yeTCH MMeHHO 3aKpbITOCTb, M / M /IM B M3MeHeHMHX HeT Heo6xOAMMOCTM. Hbie

^

^

^

^

^

Hn)Ke oimuiHTe, KaKMMM enj,e cnoco6ajvm BW npaKTMKOBanM m6KOCTb peaiajiiM.

140 rhaea 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

PaAMKa /lbHan OTKpbITOCTb. PaSoHHM J1HCT 1 . B 3a H npOTMB OTKpblTOCTU K

HOBOTO OTIblTO

3 QKpblTOCTM

CoCTaBbTe CIIMCOK 3a H npOTMB OTKpblTOCTU

06HOCTM

HOBOrO OnbITa, CIIOC

npM3HaTb OTCyTCTBMe TOTOBblX OTBeTOB M /IM Toro, HTO Bac MOryT BOCIipMHHTb KaK HOBMHKa.

TaK >Ke

COCTaBbTe CIIMCOK 3a M npOTMB 3aKpbITOCTM

onwTa MTIM npMBep>KeHHOCTM

flaBHO npMHBTOMy

OTKpbITOCTb HOBOMy OnbITy

3a

npOTMB

RJ1 X.

HOBOrO

.

pemeHMK)

3aKpblTOCTb HOBOMy onbiTy

ypoK 2

IIOHMMaHMe 9MOIJMM OcHOBHbie noAO >KeHM5i ypoiKaK) mMM MMp M Hac caMMX Ha Ha /innue CTHMy/ioB, CBH3aHHbix c HauiMM 6/iarono/iyHiieM. 2. Ham M03r 3anporpaMMwpoBaH

Ha

pacno3HaBaHMe M o 6pa6oTKy o6 niMpHbix

KnaCCOB CMTHa /IOB M7IM CTMMyTIOB, CBH3aHHbIX C 3M 01J,MflMM M HyBCTBaMM.

—

3. Cwraanbi 6 e3onacHOCTM STO CTMMynbi, KOTopbie CBH3aHbi c omymeHM HMM 3am; mii,eHHOCTM, 6e3onacHOCTM, TIK)6BM , yflOBneTBopeHMH , 3a6 oTbi M conpwHacTHOCTM K rpynne MTIM coo6mecTBy. 4. CnrHanbi HOBM3HBI — STO npoTMBopeHMBbie MTIM Heo>KM aHHbie CTMMy/ibi,

^

KOTopbie 3anycKaioT aBTOMaTWHecKHM npoijecc ou,eHKM CMTyaijMM flnn

ee 3HaneHMH B OTHomeHMM TIMHHOTO 6narono/iyHMJL CnrHa /ibi B03Harpa^cfleHMH STO curaa /ibi, KOTopbie oijeHMBaiOTCH xax noTeHi PianbHO o6HaAe>KMBaK) mMe M npHHOonnwe yAOBO/ibCTBMe. Curaa /ibi yrpo3bi STO noTeHijManbHO onacHbie curHanbi M /M cwraanbi, KOTOpbie MOryT npMHMHMTb Bpefl. Ome/iOM/unomiie curaa /ibi — STO cwrHanbi, KOTopbie 3anycKaiOT peaiajMio pearpipoBaHMH B SKcrpeManbHbix CMTyaijMflx. 3MOIJMM nppicymM HaM Bcer a, MH Bcer a HaxoAMMCH B OAHOM M3 nHTM SMOIJMOHa /IbHblX COCTOHHMM. B ijenoM, earn 3anymeHa oflHa M3 SMOijMOHa /ibHbix CMCTCM, ocTanbHbie neTbipe 6 e3AewcTByK)T MHM noflaBneHbi. Kor a SMOi MOHanbHaH peaiojHfl o 6 biHHO Hes(J)(J) eKTMBHa, MH nepexo MM K Apyrow HeiipoperynHTopHOM peaKijMM. onpefle/ieHMH

5.

6. 7. 8.

9.

10.

^

—

—

^

^

^

^

^

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi •

Pa 3AaTOHHbiw MaTepwan 2.1, “ HeMpoperynaTopHafl MOAe/ib SMOIJMM PO

flnT” • (flono/iHMTenbHo ) Pa3AaTOHHbiw ypoxa 2: noHMMaHwe SMOIJMM

MaTepwan 2.2, “ OcHOBHbie nono ceHMH

^

142 Vnasa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

• •

Pa6 oHMM TIMCT 2.A, “Onpe eneHMe pa3TiMHHbix HeMpOHHbix cy6cTpaTOB” Me/ioBan flocKa M Men MTIM MapKepHan flocxa M Mapxepbi

^

( PeKOMeHAyeTca ) npaKTMKa oco 3HaHHocTH

4enmeA-bHocmt 6e3 nnaHupoSanun )

M3 ynpaacHemiM M3 pa3flejia “fleHTeTibHOCTb 6e3 imaHMM 3 ” pOBaHMH IIpMMepOB ynpaHCHeHMM flTIH MeftMTaiJMM 0C03HaHH0CTM B ypoKe 12. HanpMMep, npaicrnKy “ 9L HE Ayiocb!” ( Taioice M3BecTHyio nop; Ha3BaHMeM “flaBanre 3axaTMM MCTepnKy” ) MTIM “ K)xy, H MapnoHeTKa!” He 3a6 biBanTe, HTO npaKTMKa 6e3 nnaHMpOBaHMn ” He ftOTDKHa HaHMHaTbCfl C BBOAHbIX MHCTpyKIJMn MTIN npeflynpeMC ,a;eHMn o npeACTOJimen npaKTMKe M AOJDKHa 6 biTb AOCTaTOHHO KOpOTKOM ( OT 30 C flO 5 MMH.).

Bbi6epnTe oflHO

—

nPMMEHAHUE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. TpeHep MO >KeT ccbmaTbcn

Ha npoBeAeHHyjo npaKTM-

-

Ky oco3HaHHocTn npn pacKpbiTMM pa 3flaTOHHoro Maiepna /ia 2.1 , "HeMpoperyjiBTop H 3B MOflenb SMOLJMM PO flllT", HT06 bl nOMOMb yHaCTHHK3M HaMaTb C 3TOM MOfleJIM fl/lfl

0603HaHeHMB

MX 3MOl4 MOH 3/lbHblX OlAymeHMM

. HanpMMep, nonpOCMTe yHaCTHMKOB

npOBepMTb, CMOryT JIM OHM BblflBMTb CMma /lbl, KOTOpbie MOrJIM 3anyCTMTb MX CMCTeMy OL eHKM HOBOrO onbua BO BpeMfl npaKTMKM 0C03H 3HH 0CTM B HaMa /ie 33HBTMB, a

^

T3K >Ke onpeflenMTb, KaKoe MMeHHo

noBefleHMe

no3BOJineT noHBTb, MTO aKTMBMpoBa -

Ha MMeHHo 3Ta CMCTeMa. 3TOT npoijecc MO >KHO noBTopnTb npM M 3yneHMM

Kawfloro

-

MOflynn 3Toro ypoKa , HanpMMep npM M 3yneHMM cuma /iOB o>KMflaHMB B 03Harpa >Kfle HMfl MO>KHO CnpOCMTb y yMaCTHMKOB, 3aMeTMJl JIM KTO-TO M 3 HMX 3a C060 M aKTMBaLJMK) CMCTeMbl B03Harpa >KfleHMB BO BpeMfl npaKTMKM, M MCn 0Jlb30 BaTb MX OnblT

AJIB apry-

MeHTMpoBaHMB no/io>KeHMM ypoKa. TpeHep flo/iweH TaK >Ke 6 biTb TOTOB nofle/iMTbCB TeM, KaKyw CMcreMy aKTMBMpoBa /ia y Hero npaKTMKa oco3HaHHOCTM , M Mcno/ib30 BaTb CBOM JiMHHbiM onbiT B KanecTBe yHe 6 Horo npMMepa.

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHHe ypoKa Ilnnu munoS 9 MOIIUONAWHO peAeSanmnux cmnajioS }

npeflJIOHCMTe ynaCTHMKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH C pa3AaTOHHbIM MaTepManoM 2.1, IIT” • Hama HeupocencopHax cucmeua nocmoxHHO CKamipyem OKpyxcawm,uu Map u uac caMux ua nanunue cmnanoe u cmumynoe, Komophie uMewm omnomeHue K nameny 6na2onojiymiw CnraaTibi MoryT B03HMKaTb BHyTpM Tena ( HanpMMep, Mbicnb nnn o6 pa3) M BHe Tena ( HanpMMep, rpOMKnn 3ByK ) MTIM 6 biTb cocraBnniomen KOHTeKCTa ( HanpMMep, onpeAeneHHoe BpeMn AHH Bbi3biBaeT ncenaHMe BbiKypnTb cMrapeTy) .

“HeMpoperynHTopHaH Mo enb SMOIJMM PO

^

^ .

YpOK 2. riOHMMaHMe 3 MOI4 MM 143

•

3mom npou,ecc CKauupooauux, Komopbiu e nauieu modenu nocum Ha36 amie , < tHeupouienufUH >, onpedenxem namu 3Mou,uu, Komopme nocmoxuuo u3Meuxwmcx 6 coomeemcmouu c men, nmo npoucxodum ouympu u ooxpye uac

.

3a 6aBHbie aKTbi. fl/ia

B 0 3 HMKH 0 BeHMfl flOCTaTOHHO MM /1/IMCeKyHfl!

HewpoLienunfl

HefipoLjermMM

MO>KeT B03HMKHyTb Bcero 3a HecKO/ibKO MM /uiMceKyHfl BHe Haiuero

flawe He 6yfleM 3HaTb, HTO OHa npoMcxoflMT. Ham M 03r nocTOBH HO CKaHMpyeT cnma /ibi OKpywaiomeM cpeflbi. Hame ecTecTBeHHoe cocTOBHue 3TO OmymeHMe 6e30 naCH 0CTM, CflOKOMHOM rOTOBHOCTM M OTKpblTOCTU fl /lfl HOBbIX C03H 3HHB,

a

Mbi

—

CTMMy/lOB, npn 3TOM npOMCXOflMT nOCTOBHHafl cnmanoB Ha ypoBHe noflco3HaHHH. Korfla M 03r

o6 pa 60TKa BHOBb nOCTynaiOLUHX o6 Hapy >KMBaeT HTO-TO HOBoe win BHYIPM, 3a 3TMM o6 bmHO cpa 3y >xe c/ieflyeT

o>KMflaHHM BOBHe MJIM noflc03HaTe /ibHbM npoLjecc OLjeHKM, ocHOBHaa

OT/iHHHoe OT

J

KJiaCCM (() MKai4 Mfl B COOTBeTCTBMM C

4 Mfi

KOToporo

( ) yHKi

HMe Ba /ieHTHOCTM M 3HaHMMOCTM 3TMX CTMMyjlOB,

a

6e30 naCH 0CTbK)

/

6o/iee

—

-

onpefle/ie

—

MX KOHKpeTHO HOBM 3HOM M CnOCOOHOCTblO

eCJIM

6 biTb BOSHarpawfleHMeM, yrpo30 M M /IM noflaBJiatomMM (]>aKTopoM MJIM KOM6MHai4 MH pa 3Hbix ({jyHKpMM, HanpMMep cmMy/i MOweT HecTM B ce6e KaK B03Harpa >KfleHMe, TaK M yrpo3y ( npeflCTaBbre ce6e y/iefi, no/iHbiM Mefla M pofliUMxcfl men ).

•

Haul M 03e 3anpoepaMMupo6 au pacno3 Haeamb nxmb oduiupubix K /iaccos

,

CU 2HU7106 UJIU CmUMyXOO C6 X 3UHHblX C 3M 0UiUXMU

.

3TO CTMMyjibi , KOTopwe cBH 3aHbi c omymemi1 . Cueuanbi 6e3onacuocmu HMU 3 amnmeHHOCTii , 6e3onacHOCTM, JIK> 6 BM , ynoBJieTBopeHMH , 3a6oTw M conpiinacTHOCTM K rpynne vum coo6mecTBy. • Haine ecTecTBeHHoe COCTOBHMC STO omymeHwe 6e3onacHocTM, cnoKOMHOM roTOBHocTM , OTKpbiTOCTii c nocTOHHHOM o6 pa6 oTKoii nocryna K) nj, Mx cwraanoB Ha ypoBHe n0flC03HaHMfl .

• Cueuanbi 6e3onacuocmu amotn 3MOUjUOHa7ibHbiu

—

,

nomopbie 3anycKawm

cnoKouuoe

dpyxcemo6uoe cocmox-

3tno cmuuynbi

uacmpou:

uue, c6 H3auHoe c padomou mou nacmu uepouou cucmeMbi, xomopax U 36 ecnma nod Ha36 anueM “eeumpanbubiu oaeanbubiu KOMnnenc” M HBTLHETCFL HaCTbK) napaCMMIiaTMHeCKOM HepBHOM CMCTeMbl [ Porges, 2011]. • CnoKouuo-dpyxcemoduax cucmeMa 6e3onacnocmu unu oeumpanb-

eaeajibHbiu KOMnnexc napacuMnamunecKou uepeuou cucmeMbi Koumponupyem ueoepdanbuyw KOMMyuuKaUjUW , T.e. nmjeBbie Mbirn -

Hbiu

( n 03B07IHH 6e3 yCMTIMM (J) OpMMpOBaTb pa3Hbie 3MOU, MOHanbHbie Bbipa >KeHMiI JlMU,a ) , MbIHHJ, bI TOpTaHH (flaBafl B03M0>KH0 CTb TOBOpMTb

U, bl

144 [?iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT MenoflMHHbiM TO/IOCOM ), Mbimi bi cpe Hero yxa ( no3BO/um HaTaniBaTb ^ pa37iMHaTb penb) M Mbimijbi ^ 6M jiynme 6apa6aHHyio nepenoHKy Tax, HTO men ( no3BO/iHH HanpaB;iflTb B3niflA M c/iyx).

AKtnueaUtiix cucmeMbi cou,uam> Hou 6e3onacHocmu xapaKtnepmyemcx owymeHueyt ydoenemeopeHUHj dnaeononynux, eocnpuuMHueocmu, nwdotibimcmoa u ncenanux o6ui,ambcx. Koeda • sanyu ena cucmeMa cot uanbHOU 6e3onacHOcmu, meno paccnadneno, cepdt e dbemcx MedneHHee, dbixaxue cmaxoeumcx xecneiuxbiM donee ceododxbm ( xanpumep, u enydoKUM, a oupancexue nyecme npu noMOu u ebipancexux miu,a) IIojiBTiHeTCH roTOBHOCTb o6 maTbCH, M BOcnpmiMHMBOCTb ycMTiMBaeTCH. OraHOBMTCfl nerne noAAep>KM BaTb 3pMTenbHbIM KOHTaKT, y/iyHIHaeTCfl CnOCo 6HOCTb CTIbimaTb TO, HTO roBopHT Apyrwe, M noxBjixeTCx ^cenaHwe KacaTbCfl Apyr Apyra. A eme nOHBTIHeTCH B03M0>KH 0 CTb B3HTb BbICOKWe HOTbl B neCHe! ( BaiOMHMTe, KaKMe Mbiimjbi MHHGpBMpyeT 3Ta HepBHaa cMCTeMa.) ripoaBTunoTCfl nio6 onbiTCTBO M roTOBHOCTb MccneAOBaTb Bee BOKpyr, T.e. noTeHu; Man o 6yqeHMfl B 3TOM COCTOHHMM MaKCMMaTIbHblM. • npHMepw cnmanoB 6e3onacHOCTM: CTaicaH Tennoro Monoxa, npory/ixa B napxe, ACTCKHM CMex, O 6T> HTMH , 3Byx co6 cTBeHHoro ronoca, Apy enio6^ H 3.x ynbi6xa, yxa >KMBaHMe 3a nK) 6 nMbiM nMTOMi eM , nocMAe /ixM y xaMMHa, npMHTHbie BOcnoMMHaHMH, o 6 pa3 ;no6flmero poAMTenn , MMOIM o xopomeM Apyre, BxycHan Tpane3a B npMHTHOM xoMnaHMM M T.A. S CnpocMTe: KaKue cuexanu 6 bi3bieawm y eac oiu yw enue de3onacnocmu? KaK nacmo, no eatueMy MHenuw, eu ucnumbieaeme ou yu enue cou,uanb nou 6e3onacnocmu? 2. Cuexanbi xoeu3 Hbi 3TO npoTMBopeHHBbie vum HeoaoiAaHHbie CTMMyJIM, 3anycKaK)n ne aBTOMaTMHecKMH npoi ecc OI CHKM AHH onpefleneHMH MX •

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3HaneHMH

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Koeda cnyxaemcx Htno mo xeoncudaxxoe, cnoKouxoe dpyncemodxoe coxexadoneo omcmynaem Eme HCT B036y>xAeHMfl, HO M cnoxow CTBPie y>xe nponano. HenoeeK 3aMupaem, dbixaxue 3adepncu6 aemcx, cepdt eduexue yxaui,aemcxy a daenexue noobnuaemcx, u ece exuMaxue xanpaenexo xa xoebiu cuexan Mbi 3aMepnn, HO TOTOBW K ABM ^CCHMIO [ Bracha, 2004; Schauer & Elbert, 2010]. cntoxHue

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AJIH nnMHoro 6^arononyMMH

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• npou,ecc ot euKU

npoucxodum aetnoMamunecKu: OH Moncem 6bimb xadbicmpbiM ( eceeo uecKonbKO munnuceKyxd ), nmo Mbi dance ue oco3 HaeM eeo. cmonbKO

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ypOK 2. nOHWV10 HHe 3MOI4 MM 145

IIpoHMTajiTe scnyx cne yiomiiM TCKCT. ripefl c flpyroM w eTe BHH3 no CBoen ynni e, TOTibKO HTO BbinuB BMecTe naio. Bbi 06a o6pa'm /in BHMMaHwe Ha Heo6 biHHyio TMiHMHy Ka , >KeTcn HTO Bee ManiMHbi MCHe 3/m. Bbi 3aMenaeTe, HTO, noxo>Ke, Bnepe w B flanbHeM KOHije yjimjbi co6panacb 6onbman Tonna. Bbi 06a oeraHaBTiMBaeTecb M BHMMaTenbHO cMOTpwTe, 3aTanB flbixaHwe, nbiTancb noHHTb, HTO TAM npoMcxoflMT. HTO -TO CTpaHHoe: mojiyi CTOHT nocpe M yjmu,bi . Floxoace, HTO KTO -TO CMeeTCH, 6y To TaM Beceno; Tor a KaK flpyrne xanaiOT TO/IOBOH, Kax 6bi Bbipa Kan CBoe HeoAo6peHne. Bbi npoAO/maeTe CMOTpeTb Barn ^ M 03r nbiTaeTCH noHHTb 3 HaneHne 3Toro Heo aiAaHHoro co6 biTMH. C/iynn ^ nocb HTO -TO xopoinee H /IM nnoxoe? By/ jeT /in no/ie 3 HO noAOHTH 6/m >Ke MJIM TIYNINE Aep>KaTbCH no anbiiie? • 3Ta MCTopMB M/i/HOCTpupyeT, KaK 6biCTpo Ham M03r nwTaeTCH

aMcTopnfl

ffByx Apy3eM”

CTaBbTe, KaK Bbi

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onpeffe HTb, HTO npoMexoflMT M 3HaneHMe npoMcxoftnmero A/IH Ha-

^

mero 6/iarono/iyHMH, Kor a c/iynaeTCH soe H 7IH npoTMBopeHMsoe.

HTO - TO HeoHCM aHHoe, HO -

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IIpMMepbi cHTHaiiOB HOBH 3 Hbi: naiomMM nonyraw, rpoMKMn 3ByK B u,epK BM , npeno aBaTenb, KOTopbiw AaeT nomeHMHy CTyAeHTy, BbinrpbmiHbiM noTepenHbiM 6 nneT, npn 3eM7ieHMe KOCMMHecKoro Kopa6/in y Hac BO ABope, HenpaBnnbHO paccTaB/ieHHbie Ha no/iKe KHMTM , KpMTMKa co cTopoHbi Apyra. S CnpocMTe: Kcuaie npunepbi nedaenux cmnanos H 06 U 3 HU 6 bi Moweme npueecmu U 3 ceoeu MU 3 HU ? Kax eu ux ov enunu ( 6e3onacHbie, nomem u anbHO eosHaepawdawmue unu noment uajibHo onacnocHbie )? 3. Cmnanbi 603 HazpaxcdeHux — STO cnrHanw, KOTopwe BOcnpuHMMaioTCH KaK noTeHijuaiibHo o 6HaAe>KMBaK> mjie M npMHocHiijjie yAOBO/ibCTBue. • Kozda cuznanbi H06U 3 Ht?i pacu,eHU 6awmcx KUK noment uanbHoe 603 HazpawdeHue, anmueupyemcH cuMtiamimecKax uepeuax cucmema (CHC ). ( CM. pa3AaTOHHbiw MaTepna /i 2.1, “ Henpopery/uiTopHaii MOAe/ib SMOI MM PO fllTT.)

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ecnope bojiMHO npou30umu Bo3 HUKaem oiuyu enue npedeKyuietuix nmo-mo xopotuee Bo3 HUKawm npuxttiHoe eonneHue u oiuyu enue jiuKoeanux cepditeSueHue u dbixanue ynau awmcx. Bo3 HUKaem no6yxcdenue npu6nu3umbcx K nomeHt uanbHOMy ucmoHHU Ky 603 Hd 2paMdeHUH .

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146 f /iaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

npo«

»cMTe MMTaTb BCTiyx “McTopmo ffByx ffpy3eii” flaBaiiTe BepHeMCH K o ppyx Apy3bHX. Kan BBI noMHMTe, pent rn /ia o TOM, HTO BW C flpyroM Heo^CM aHHO CTonKHy/iMCb c TonnoM Ha Banien y/rnije. 3Ta CMTyaijHH 3anycTnna Barny CMcreMy OIJCHKM cwraanoB HOBM3HBI, KOTopan cpa3y >Ke AeaKTMBMpoBa a CMCTeMy coijManbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM. Bbi 06a ocTaHOBM /iMCb M ^ oji

HARNEW MCTopwM

^

cra/iM BHMMaTe/ibHo CMOTpeTb Ha Tonny, nbiTancb noHHTb 3HaneHMe npoMCxoAflmero. flaBawTe Tenepb npe cTaBHM, HTO Bam pyr pa yeTCH nponcxo^ ^ A^ meMy! OH xoneT no owTH (mvoKe. OH mMpoKO ynbi6aeTCH, noBopanuBaeTCB K BaM M B BoexMmeHMM npM3biBaeT: “ Oro, Aa STO >Ke napa ! IIoMAeM, noCMOTPMM! OH HanMHaeT THHyTb Bac 3a pynaB M npM3biBaTb noAOMTM 6nmKe. • Baui ooodpaxcaeMbiu dpye e amou ucmopuu ot enun cuman H 06U 3HM ( HeowudaHHyw monny modeu ) KUK cuznan nomeHi uanbuozo 603 Hazpaxcdenux. S CnpocMTe: KCLK eu dyMaeme, KCIKOU 6una 6u eaiua peaKu,ux e peanbuou MU 3 HU ? Buna 6u eauxa ox euKa amoeo co6umm maKou nee, KaK u y eaiueeo eoo6pancaeuo20 dpyea? Hmo earn omeem Moncem cKa3amb eau o eac camux?

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Pent cmaHoeumcH donee 6 bipa3umenvnou, a xcenanue odu amvexycunuoaemex. S CnpocMTe: Kaxue cuenanu 6U 3bieawm y eac npuxmnue ou yu enux unu npedeKyiuenue npedcmoxw,eeo eo3 HaepancdeHux? KaK naemo eu uenu mbieaeme npunmnoe eonnenue unu nuKoeanue? Hoy amoeo cocmoxHux ecntk u HedocmattiKU . • HeM cunbnee aicmueupyetncx cucmeua 603 Hazpaxcdemix, meM uenee aKtnuoHa cuctneMa cot uanbuou 6e3onacnocmu. B STOM COCTOHHMM Mo>KeT 6 biTb CJIO>KHO OTAOxHyTb min pacoia 6 nTbCfl. HanpMMep, npn CMTIbHOM B 036y CAeHMM B COCTOflHMM 0>KMAaHMfl B 03Harpa>KAeHMH ne ^

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J

noBeK He MO>KeT 3acHyTb, HTO npMBOAMT K Mopa /ibHOMy M ( ) M3MHecKOMy

.

MCTOin;eHMK), earn STO COCTOAHMC He npoxoAMT

• Hoxonxemcx pucK Hue cmuMynoe

,

He

uznopupooa. HanpMMep, MBI

Hpe3Mepnou opuenmai uu na t enu u

cox3aHHbix c

^

^

603 HazpaxcdeHueM

pa3TOBOpbI BepTHTCH BOKpyr OnM a earn KTO- TO nbiTaeTCH 3aroBopMTb Ha TCMM , He CBH3aHHbie c HamMM omiAaHMeM B 03Harpa cACHMH , TO HaM MO ceT cTaTb CKyHHO M )KenaHMe o6 maTbCH ^ ^ nponaAeT.

MO)KeM He nOHMMaTb, HTO Bee HaiHM

caHMH

co6cTBeHHbix AOCTM >KeHMM

M >KenaeMbix ijeneM ,

ypOK 2. riOHMMaHMe 3 MOI4 MM 147

• npumynnnemcH cnocodnocmv eocnpunuMamv cna6t?ie (a UHoeda u ne onenb cna6bie) cou,uanvHbie cuznanu , HanpMMep, MO>KHO He 3aMeTHTb, HTO flpyroMy HenoBexy 6o;ibHO M /IM HTO OH wcnbiTbiBaeT 3/iocTb M /IM rpycTb, M /IM HTO eMy cxynHO, M OH xoTe/i 6 bi CMeHMTb TeMy pa 3roBopa. • Moxcem noxeumocx U3JIUIUHHH 3Kcnpeccu6 Hocmt>. HanpwMep, MM nyBCTBa, He cooTBeTCTByiomiie KOHTCK KaK xMXMKaHbe BO BpeMH noxopoH ) , CTaTb C /IMIHKOM ajpo -

MO>KeM Bbipa>KaTb 3MOU, MM M

cTy ( TaKwe,

ce6e M /IM npe 3MepHO OMMHMpoBaTb B o6meHMM ( K npHMepy, npM3HaTbCB B MCK /IIOHMTe/IbHOM 3HaHMM a 3MaTCKOM KyXHM xo3HMHy KMTawcKoro pecTopaHa M /IM 3aKa3aTb e y BceM 3a CTO/IOM , He MHTepecyncb HX MHCHMCM Ha STOT CHCT ) , M / M /IM He 3aMenaTb, HTO TOBO KycupoBaHHbiMM Ha

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puM rpoMne M 6 bicTpee ocra /ibHbix.

3a6aeHbie 4> aKTbi. He BCflKan ARPECCMH CBB 33Ha CO 3/lOCTbK)

B 6o/ibUJHHCTBe

KHNR

npw

onncaHMM 3M0 i4M0Ha /ibH 0i/i peaKpw /i Ha onacHOCTb

uc-

6e>KaTb" OflHaKO fl/lB 6o/lbUJeM TOHHOCTM nopa(T.e. "6e>KaTb M /IM 6opOTbCB "). l lepBaB peaKLJMfl 6 MeHMTb CJIOB /lO bl 3 M flOK CJieflOBa McnyraHHoro /KMBOTHoro — y6e>KaTb, u TO/ibKO noc /ie Toro, KaK OHO OKa 3biBaeTCB B jiOByujKe, B03Hi/iKaeT 3amuTHafl 4> opMa noBefleHUB — "6opoTbCB". 1/1 XOTB 3Ta peaK14MB OTHOCMTCB K pa3HblM 4>OpMaM arpeCCMM, C KOTOpbIMM Mbl MOrJIM CTa /lKUBaTbCB win o KOTopbix Mornu HMTaTb ( win flawe npoBB/iBTb JIHHHO), OHa He o6bBCHBei, nonOBb3yeTCB TepMMH "6opOTbCB MJ1H

~

arpec.. ArpeccuBHoe HanafleHMe 6e3 Heo6xoflHMOCTM 3ammi aTbCB T3 K >Ke xapaKTepn3yeTCB aKTHBapneti CHC, HO B BTOM aiynae OHa aKTMBMpyeTCB B OTHOweHHn COCTOBHMB B03Harpa >KfleHHH (a He COCTOBHMB 3aiHHTbl). AKTMBapMK) CMCTeMbl BOSHarpaWfleHHB M COCTOBHMB npecneflOBaHHB MO>KHO Macro Ha 6/iK>flaTb y XMLL|HHKOB (npeflcraBbTe, HanpHMep, noBefleHi/ie jincbi B KypBTHUKe). TaK, aHepruB arpeccuH neivinnoHa no 6oKcy, >Ka >Kfla KPOBH co /iflaia BO BpeMB 6 l/ITBbl, yflOBO /lbCTBHe OT MeCTU l/l yflOBOJlbCTBHe OT no 6eflbl — Bee 3TO

HeMy arpeccHBHoe noBefleHne MO>xeT npuHOcmb yqoBo/ibCTBne, T e Korfla CUB B03HHKaeT

6e3

Heo6xoflHMocTM 3aL4 nu4 aTbCB .

^

He OTHOCHTCB K arpeCCMM, KOTOpaB npOBB/lBeTCB B CBB 3H C 3amHTHOI/l peaKL4 HeM.

XOTB 3/iocTb MO>KeT no6yflmb K HanaaeHwo, B ije/iOM 3TO HenpHBTHoe omymeHne, noTOMy HTO B crpaxe HeT Hnnero Becenoro, Torfla KaK no6e>KAaTb, KOHTPOJInpoBaTb H HyBCTBOBaTb BJiaCTb npMBTHO.

S CnpocwTe: KaKue ecpe npuMepbi noeedehuw aepeccueHoeo npec/ iedoeaHUti ebi Moweme npueecmu? KOK e HUX npoaefinemcn wenaHue doMUHUpoeamb ? HacKO/ ibKO cu/ ibHO 6 QM HpaQumcfi doMUHupoeomb, no6ewdamb unu KOHmpo nupoeamb cumyaputo u dpyeux / nodeu ? Wmo amo Mowem CKQ3omb QOM 0 CQMUX ?

eac

148 f /iaBa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flnT nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. fl/ia K/inemoB c l"K MO>KeT 6biTb OMeHb B3>KHO HayMMTbTaKnx K/inemoB TunuMHbiM cfl npoBOflMTb pa3/iMMne Me>Kfly 3JiocrbK) M arpeccuew. HBJlfleTCfl OTpupaHMe OmymeHMB 3/lOCTM, XOTB

60J1bllJMHCTB0 npM3HaK)TCB B >KenaHMH

no6e>KflaTb; flocTuraTb u,er\ev\ M flOMUHupoBaib.

4. Cmnanm yep03bi BocnpMHMMaiOTCH KaK KMe, KOTOpbie MoryT npMHMHMTb Bpefl.

noTeHijpiajibHo onacHbie MJIM Ta

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IIpoflonjKiiTe MMTaTb Bcnyx “McTopnio ffsyx Apyaeii” flaBairre BHOBB BepHeMCH K MCTOpMM O ftByX jjpy3BHX. Haill IIOCTieflHMM 3nM30fl OKOHHMTICfl TeM , HTO y Barnero Apyra aKTMBMpOBanMCb cncTeMa coKM aHMA B03Harpa>KAeHMfl

CHC

^

M cwcTeMa npeflBKymeHMH B03Harpa >KfleHMH, HTO npnBe/io K TOMy,

HTO OH B

BOCXMmeHMM

3Ba /I BaC npHCOe KHPITbCH K HeMy M nOMTM BMCCTe

Ha npeAnonaraeMbm napafl.

^

Ho Bam M03r OLjeHiiBaeT CKonneHwe THOACM He KaK noTeHi nanbHoe B 03Harpa >KAeHMe, a cKopee KaK noTeHijMa /iBHyio yrpo3y. IloKa Bam Apyr BocxmijeHHo ynBi6 aeTCH M 30BeT Bac npiicoeAMHMTbCfl K HeMy, Bame Teno CTaHOBMTCH Hanpa >KeHHbiM, cepAu;e6pieHMe ynamaeTCH, a Bbipa^ceHPie ninja cTaHOBMTCH 6e3ynacTHbiM. JlencocTM KaK He 6 biBa;io. BM xBaTaeTe Apyra 3a pyxy M cepbe3HO roBOpMTe: “ HeT, STO He napa , STO 6yHT. HaM Hy>KHO yBupaTbcn OTciofla! EE)KJ4M!” Bbi THHeTe Apyra K ce6e M HannHaeTe 6e>KaTb B npoTMBonono cHOM HanpaB/ieHMM. OT 6era BBI CMTIBHO ^ noTeeTe, AbixaHwe ynamaeTCH , M BBI He OTBa>KMBaeTecB B3T7iHHyTB Ha3aA. • B nocnedneu nacmu nanieu ucmopuu e omnunue om oauiezo dpyza 6 bi paci enuoaeme monny KUK nomem uajibHyio yzp03y. • B “Ucmopuu doyx dpy3eu” noKU 3aHOy nmo obny u my Me cumyat uio nwdu Moeym unmeptipemupoeamb coeeptueHHO no- pa3 HOMy! M o6e 3TM MHTepnpeTaijMM Ka >KyTcn MX peijMnMeHTaM a6coniOTHO npaBM /IBHBIMM, HTO MO>KeT npMBOAMTB K OIOpaM. S CnpocMTe: KUK nacmo eatuu unmepupemai uu omnmawmcx om MHenuH OKpyncawuijUx? KaK eu CHumaemey nacKOTibKO nacmo eaiue nenoHUMamie dpyzux nwdeu 6 bi3eano pa3nou UHmepnpemau,ueu co6bimuu? Hmo amo Moncem earn cxa3 amb?

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Koeda Mbi nyecmeyeM yep03y, HUM Kaxcemcx, nmo MOMem cnymimbcn nmo-mo nnoxoe u/ unu docmuMenue Menaembix u,eneu Moxcem 6bimb 3a6 jl0 KUp06 aHHblM .

ypOK 2. flOHHMaHMe 3 M 0 UMM 149

•

AnmueupyemcH cuMtiamunecKax Hepeuan cucmeMa, Komopan npooot upyem coctnonnue mpeeozu u pa3dpanceuun unu nodyncdeuue 6encamb unu Hanadamv . • Mbi ucnumueaeM Hanpxnceuue e mene, duxauue cmauooumcH ynau eH HbiM u noeepxHocmHbiM , cepdu,e6ueHue ynau aemcn, a opzauu3M zomo oumcx 6encamb unu amaKoeamb . • Cmpadaem cnoco6uocmb K aMnamuu, Komopan anmueupyemcn cocmoxuueM cou,uanbHou 6e3onacuocmu ( IIHC - BBK ), u nepedana cou,uanbHbix cuzuanoo uapyuiaemcn. HanpMMep, MM MO>KeM BbiflaBMTb M3 ce6n TO/II> KO HEMCKPEHHIOK) ynbi6Ky, Bbipa >KeHMe nmja craHOBMTCH Hanpn >KeHHMM, TOH ronoca MOHOTOHHMM , a >KeCTM — Cflep>KaHHMMM M HeBMpa 3MTe7IbHM MM , M Mbi , CKOpee BCerO, 6yfleM OTBOflMTb BSr /IHfl IUM CMOTpeTb Bpa >Kfle 6HO M OIUM 6 OHHO MHTepnpeTMpoBaTb c/iOBa OKpy>KaioinMx. S CnpocMTe: KaKue cuznanu 6U 3bi6 awm y eac owyu enue npu6nuMaw u eucx yzp03 bi? KaK nacmo, no eameuy MHenuw, eu naxodumecb 6 cocmoxHuu mpeeoncHOZO 6036ywdeHm? Flobaensuoupue cuzuanbi 3anycKaiOT peamjHio pearnpoBaHUH B aKCTpe5. MaJIbHblX CMTyai MHX. • npedcmaebtne, nmo 3a eamu zoHumcx zonodubiu Medoedb: eu numaemecb y6encamb, no OH CHUUIKOM 6ucmp, eu tibimaemecb ezo nodopomb ,

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HO OH cnuuiKOM

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cuneu.

Kozda eupanceuue 3Mou,uu He3KeT 0Ka 3aTbCB yflaMHbiM MOMCHTOM ABB He6o/ibiuoM NPAKTMKM "fleBTe/ibHOCTM 6e3 njiam/ipoBaHHfl". flocne CJIOB 3mo KOK npeepamumbca e odHoeo U3 30M6U U3 (punbMoe ywacoe npunoflHMMMTe 6poBM, npnBeTJII/IBO yjibi6HMTecb M 6e3 KaKOM-/in6o npeaM6y/ibi cKawi/rre: Xopoiuo, a menepb ece ecmaHbme! BbimxHume pyKu neped co6ou napa/we/ ibHO 3eMne. Tenepb no3 eo/ ibme pyKQM ceododHO ceucamb. HydecHO! A menepb daeaume ece nonpo6yeM no6bimb HeMHOZO 30M6U ! HaMHMTe rpOMKO 3aBblBaTb M GpOflMTb no KOMHaTe C BbITflHyTbIMM nepefl CO6OM pyKaMM, npn3biBan yMacmuKOB TpeHMHra noc/ieAOBaTb BaweMy npnMepy. ripMMepHO Mepe3 30 c nonpocme Bcex cecrb, wnpoKO yjibiOHmecb M CKawme: Bay, 3 mo 6bi / io eece/ io! I/I/IM Bay, MHe, onpede/ ieHHO, 6bino HywHO 3mo! npeA/iowme noan/iOAnpoBaTb APyr APyry n cpa3y we nepexoflme K cneAytomeMy no/ioweHmo ypoKa 6 e3 KOMMemapueB win oOcywAeHMfl (CM. pa 3Aen "PyKOBOACTBO ABB TpeHepa no npaKTMKe «AeBTenbHOCTb 6e3 n/iaHnpoBaHMB»" B ypoKe 12).

•

HyecmeumemyHocmb K 6onu cnuxcaemcx. MM MOKCM Aa>Ke noTepBTb co -

.

3HaHMe

S

CnpocMTe: KaKue cmnanu eac nodaenxwm? KaK eu cnumaeme, nanacmo eu 0 Ka3 bi 6 aemecb e amoM cocmoxnuu ? HaaconbKo nacmo eu Hyecmeyeme ce6x nobaenenubiu? Hmo 6 bi 3 bieaem 3 mo cocmoxnue?

cKonbKO

(06fl 3 aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHHe ypoxa CotiupaeM 6ce 6necme

• dMoUftiu npucymu HUM ecezbay u MM eceeda naxobuMcx e odnoM U3 nxmu ,

. MbI nOCTOHHHO HTO-TO HyBCTByeM, Aa^ce

3MOUUOHa7lbHMX COCtnOXHUU

earn STO MeTHbl

•

cna6 we

6 bicTpo

npoxoABmwe

KOTopwe ITOHTM He 3a

-

.

B tuupoKOM ocmanbHMe

cMMcne, ecnu 3anyui,eHa odna U 3 3MouiuoHanbHMX cucmeM , Hemmpe 6e3deucm6ywm unu nobaeneHM . HanpwMep, neno -

BeK He MO>KeT

OKpy>

M

6 bITb

OHeHb 37IbIM M

OAHOBpeMeHHO HyBCTBOBaTb CBH3b C

. CTOMT OTMeTMTb, HTO MHorAa ABa ( wm 6onee) HeMTpanb-

;

KaK) Hj MMM

HMX COCTOHHMH MoryT aKTMBwpoBaTbCH BMecTe ( HanpMMep, BO BpeMfl Boro

•

CBMAaHMH noc/ie 3HaKOMCTBa

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9M014 MM

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\ uoHanbHoe cocmoxnue ( Kaxax nacmb M 03ea ), cicopee CnpocMTe: KaKoe 3uo\ eceeo, cemac aKmueupoeano y Cannu? KaKue xenue npu3 HaKU yKa3 bL6 awm na amo? Kame eu e npoxB/ienux, deucmeux unu ebipaxcenux nodKpennxwm earn ebi6op? OTBCT. AKtnu6 up06 aHa cucmeMa cot ua /ivnou sau umbi BBK- IIHC. RBHbie npM3HaKM BKjiiOHaioT oTnpaB/ieHMe caMoneTa no pacnncaHMio; nyTemecTBMe BMecTe c TCMM nneHaMM ee ceMbM, KOTopbie npoHB/iHK)T ncxpeH HiOK) 3a6 oTy o Hen ; narnxa mo6MMoro nan ; 6a6yniKa, He>XHO DiaAHman ee no BonocaM; M npMHTHbie BocnoMMHaHMH ACTCTBa. IIoATBepHCAaiomMe ACMCTBHH, CKJIOHHOCTM M BbipaxceHMH BKjiiOHaiOT >xe/iaHMe no/io>XMTb ronoBy Ha nneno 6a6yuiKM; cnnnaioiAMecH rna3a; Mnr xan y/ibi6xa; niy6oxoe AMxaHne B xanecTBe peaxijnn Ha BOcnoMMHaHMe.

^

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TAaBa 2. HecooTBeTCTBMe Bo BpeMH OTAbixa Ca /mn Hanana 3aMenaTb, HTO M3MCHMJICX BHe3anHO CTa /io Heo6 biHHO TMXO.

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—

152 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT S CnpocMTe: Kaicoe 3 Mou,uoHanbHoe cocmoxnue ( Kaxax nacmb M 03za ) CKOpee ecezOy omcmynuna y Cannu , xomx 6u omnacmuy na 3 adnuu nnan? }

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^ —

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^ ^

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S CnpocMTe: Kanoe 3 Mou,uoHanbHoe cocmoxnue ( xaxax nacmb M 03 za ) menepb no /iHocmbw aKmueupoeanacb? KaKue cuznanbi 6 bi 36 anu ee aKmu6 au,wo? KaKue nauepenux, deucmeux u / unu dpyzue ebipawenux nodmeepwdawm

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^

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154 [?iaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flriT

—

BOT OH, npHMO 3Aecb, Ha paccTOHHnn BbiTHHyTon HepyniMMbi. Ho ee A COHHM pyKn! OH noBepHynca M CMOTPMT npHMO Ha Hee! A noTOM OH flenaeT HTO-TO HCBO o6pa3HMoe OH CMOTPMT en B rna3a M ynbi6aeTcn! OHa nyBCTByeT nerKoe ronoBOKpy ceHMe, y Hee HannHaiOT Apo>KaTb KOTICHKM. OHa Kan 6y To OKa3anacb B TyHHe/ie

^

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M He CTIblHIMT TOTIOCOB TOTinbl. KaHCeTCfl, HTO MO>KeT, OH nbITaeTCH CKa3aTb “51 Te

M 3aTeM

—

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6n THOBTHO ? BHe3anHO OHa nyBCTByeT OHeMeHne

TepneT co3HaHne!

S CnpocnTe: KCIKOU nepemiu cy6cmpam 6un aKmmupoean? Kcucue cmnanu

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^

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—

^

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YpOK 2. flOHMMaHMe 3 MOUMM 1 5 5

-

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H0-060p0HHTefIbHaB TpaHCa MHepTHOCTb,

,

OHeMeHue, oTcyTCTBiie

ApaweHiie, 3amm-

eTCB

npoBB/ieHMB oneHb

Ciima /ibi noflaB /ieHMB

TpeBora HJIH pa3-

Cuma/ibi yrpo3bi

OKonnanue ma67iuu,bi

3KcnpeccnBHbie

B/lBeTCB

Cn0C06H 0CTb K 3MCoi4nanbHbie ciima /ibi Cn0C06H0CTb K coL4na /ibHbiM cuma/iaM naTHM noflaB/iaeTCB, yCHJIMBaiOTCfl MOMeHTa /ibHO noflaMHflHBHflya^ bHbie

Pacc /ia6/ieHHocTb, o6mHTe/lbHOCTb, CO-

Bo36y>KfleHiie, /w KOBaHMe, B/lK)6/ieH, OpMeHTaqUB , HOCTb , nblTCTBO COCpeflOTO OTKpbl npMHaCTHOCTb Ha ue/iH MeHHOCTb, OLieHKa TOCTb, MrpUBOCTb

Cuma /ibi

Cuma/ibi

fleucmeun unu dpy- noflflep>KaHMe 3puaue cnoco6bi COMOTe/lbHOrO KOHTaKTa 11 ebipaweHun (nenoe >KMBOrO BbipaweHMfl noeedeHue unu COLIU - /11114a 6e3 ycii/iHM

a/ ibHbie cueHanbi

B/ iuaHue Ha cou,u-

omymeHueM

Cnoeo, o6o3Ho^ atomue DMOLiUU, C8H 30 HHbieC 3mUM UH mepou,enmu8 HbiM 9

^

2

HeupoLierujMfl npoBOL upyjou nx aima /iOB

1

1

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OTHOCMTCH K

cnoco6y

f

nocrynTieHMfl K MHflMBMfly MH < ) opMaijMM

o

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7

CHC-3

8

flBK -IIHC

9

^

—

cwcTeMa 3aii MTHoro M 36eraHMH

—

^

.

flopcanbHbiw Bara /ibHbiM KOMiuiexc ( “cTapbm” Baryc) napacMMnaTMHecKOM HepBHOM cwcTeMbi; cwcTeMa OTKTHOHeHMH opraHM3Ma.

TepMMH “ MHTpOUienTMBHblM ”

MCnOJIb3yeTCfl

.

MHM omymeHHM, B 03HMKaiomMX BHyTpM Te/ia

fl /Ifl

OnMCaHMH 3M 01 M 0Ha 7IbHbIX C()6 bITMM

^

ypOK 2. flOHHMaHMe 3MOUMM 159

PaflKKajibHasi OTKpbiTocTb . Pa 3flaTOHHbiPi Maiepua 2.2 ^ nojioxeHMa OcHOBHbie ypoKa 2. floHMMciHHe BMOUMHI 1. Hama HewpoceHCopHan cwcieMa IIOCTOHHHO CKaHMpyeT oKpyncaiomww Mwp w Hac caMMX Ha Hanwnwe CTWMynoB, CBH3aHHbix c HarnwM 6narononyHweM.

pacno3HaBaTb M o6 pa6aTbiBaTb o6 mwpHbie xnaccbi cwraanoB wnw CTWMynoB, CBH 3aHHbix c SMOIJWHMW W nyBCTBaMw. CwrHanbi 6e 3onacHOCTM — STO CTWMynbi , KOTopwe CBn3aHbi c omymeHwnMw 3am,MmeHH 0 CTM , 6 e 3onacHocTw , mo 6 BW , yAOBneTBopeHwn , 3 a6 oTbi w conpw HacTHOCTM K rpyniie wnw coo 6m, ecTBy. CwrHaTIbl HOBW 3HbI — 3TO npOTWBOpeHWBbie WnW HeO^CPIflaHHbie CTWMynbi , KOTopwe 3anycKaiOT aBTOMaTwnecKww npoijecc ou,eHKw cwTyarjww A^H onpe AeneHwn ee 3Han;eHWH B OTHomeHww nwnHoro 6narononyHwn . CwrHanbi B03Harpa >KAeHHn 3TO cwrHanw, KOTopwe oijeHWBaiOTcn KaK noTeHi Ma /ibHO o 6HaAe>KHBaK) mHe w npwHocnmwe yAOBonbCTBwe. Cwraanbi yrpo3bi — STO noTeHiiwanbHO onacHbie cwrHanbi wnw cwraanbi , KO-

2. Ham

3.

4.

5. 6.

M03r 3anporpaMMwpoBaH

—

^

Topbie MoryT npwnwHWTb Bpe .

7.

OmenoMnmomwe cwrHanbi

—^

STO cwrHanbi, KOTopwe 3anycKaiOT peaiajHio

pearwpoBaHwn B SKCTpeManbHbix cwTyaijwnx.

8.

SMOIJWW npwcymw HaM Bcer^a, Mbi Bcer^a HaxoAWMcn B OAHOM H3 nnTw SMOI WOHanbHblX COCTOHHWW

9.

^ B ijenoM, ecnw 3

.

anymeHa OAHa M3 SMOijwoHanbHbix CWCTCM, ocTanbHbie

ne-

.

Tbipe 6e3AewcTByiOT wnw noAaBneHbi

10. Kor,o;a sMou.woHanbHan peaKijwn O 6 MHHO Apyrow HewpoperynnTopHOw peaiojww .

HescJx

^

eKTWBHa , MM nepexoAMM K

160 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

PaflMKa^ bHaji oTKpbuocTb. PASOSMM JIUCT 2 . A

Onpefle/iem ie pa 3JiKHHbix HePipoHHbix cy6cTpaTOB /

^ .,

MHCTpyKi mi Bcio CTieflyiomyio Heflenio BHMMaTenbHO CTieflMTe 3a omymeHMHMM

6

M Co bITMflMM KOTOpbie BbI3bIBaiOT M3MeHeHMfl Te/ieCHblX OmyiljeHMM M HaCTpO

-

eHMH (HanpMMep, BaM BHe3anHO CTano oneHb >KapKo, Heo CM aHHO Bbi B3BMHTM-

^

^ 6e3 npMHMH nonyBCTBOBanw HaBanMBinyiocfl Ha Bac ycranocTb, McnbiTajm BHe3anHyio ronoBHyio 6 onb wm HM C Toro, HM C cero Hanajm noieTb). Mcnonb 3yiiTe npMBeAeHHbie HM>Ke HaBbiKM jpin onpefleneHMH Toro, Kaxan M3 IIHTM CMCTeM 3MOLJMOHa7IbHOM peaKIJMM MO)KeT 6bITb 3afleMCTBOBaHa B Ka KflOM KOHKpeT ^ HOM c /iynae, M RJIB onpe eneHUH Ha3BaHMM SMOIJMM, KOTopwe BW, BO3MO>KHO, jiMCby

.

McnbiTbmaeTe

^

.

Ular 1 OnMiHMTe annan, KOTopbiM Bbi3bisaji y Bac aMOijMOHajibHyio peaic-

u,mo.

Earn y eac 603 HUKnym 6 onpocaMU

cnoMHocmu

c onucanueM ,

eocnonb3yumecb

cnedyK)w,uMU

.

•

3TOT cwrHan BO3HMK BHyTpM MeHfl, HanpMMep BocnoMMHaHMe o 6 biBmeM

•

3TOT cMrHan BO3HMK BOBHe, HanpMMep rpOMKMM 3ByK MHM KpacMBbiii 3aKaT ? Kaicoe 3HaneHMe MMCTIM KOHTeKCTyanbHbie KAeHMH ) . 51 omyiuaio HanpiDKeHMe, BOUHeHMe M npMUMB >Kapa (curaa /i yrpo3bi ). 51 omymaio OHeMeHMe M OTCTpaHeHHOCTb OT peanbHOCTM (omenoMiunoiimM CMraan ).

OmmiMTe flpyme TenecHbie omymeHMH.

lllar 3. Ha6moAaMTe 3a co6cTBeHHbiMM coijwaTibHbiMM CMrHaTiaMM . OmMembme eonpocu, Komopue

onucbieawm eatuu

pa30 M .

ou yu enuK

^ ^

munymuuM

06-

EMTIO TIM BaM npocTO CMOTpeTb HIOAHM B rvia3a M Bbipa^caTb CBOM nyBCTBa ? EMU TIM TOH Barnero ronoca 6e33a6oTHbiM? BH KacanMCb ApyrMx moAeM? ( Bepojmiee Bcero, aKTMBMpOBaHa napacMMnaTMHecKan CMCTeMa coijManbHOM 6e3onacHocTM.) BHe3anHO Bbl 3aMeTMHM, HTO 3aMepTIM Ha MeCTe M BHMMaTeTIbHO CMOTpMTe Ha HTO -TO ? MUM BHMMaTenbHo npMCTiyiHMBaeTecb ? ( BepoHTHee Bcero, aKTM BMpOBaHa CMCTeMa OLjeHKM CMrHaHOB HOBM3HM.) BbITIM TIM Bbl Hpe3BbIHaMHO B3BOTIHOBaHbI M pa3rOBOpHMBbI ? Hcn0TIb30BaiIM BbHIM TIM BaM CHO>KHO COCpeAOTOHMTbCfl

TIM Bbl aKTMBHO UIMpOKMe >KeCTbI ? Ha TOM, HTO roBOpHT ApyrMe ?

-

He cno>KMTiocb TIM y Bac BnenaTTieHMTi, HTO BBI

ynycTMTiM HTO TO Ba cHoe M3 CKa3aHHoro ApyrMM HenoBeKOM MTIM M3 TOTO,

^

o6 meHMH ? ( BepoHTHee Bcero, 6 bina aKTM CHC. ) EMTIO TIM BaM cnoflCHo ynbi6aTbCH, He nyBCTByn cjianbiiiMBOCTM CBoeM ynbi6KM ? BHTIO TIM Barne Bbipa ceHMe TiMija 6e3ynacTHbiM MTIM 3acTbiBiiiMM ? OT^

HTO OH

CAenan

BO BpeMH Bamero

BMpoBaHa CMCTeMa B036y>KAeHMfl

Bbl B3TTIHA B CTOpOHy MTIM , B 03M0>KH0, BHMMaTeTIbHO Ha HTO -TO ? CMOTpenM 3BynaTi TIM Bam ronoc Becu BeTHO MTIM pe3KO ? BHTIM TIM BaniM >KeCTbI CKOBaHHbIMM M OrpaHMHeHHbIMM ? ( BepOHTHee Bcero, 6 bITia aKTMBMpOBaHa 3amMTHO -o6 opoHMTenbHan CMCTeMa CHC. )

BOAMTIM TIM

.

162 f /iaea 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT

EMTIO Bbipa^ceHMe Barnero irnija noimocTbio 6e3y4acTHbiM ? BMUM mi BauiM ABM ^ceHMH 3aMe neHHbiMM ? Bbin TIM TeMn Bainen penM 3aMe,o;neHHbiM, a roiloc 6eciiBeTHbiM ? He 6bm NM Bam B3rnfl,n; paccenHHbiM ? ( BepoHTHee Bce, TO 6 bITia aKTMBMpOBaHa CMCTeMa OTKIHOHeHMfl.)

—

^

OnuniMTe apyrne coijiiajibHbie cnraaTibi , KOTopwe BW 3aMeTMim 3a CO 6OM.

Illar 4. OnnuiMTe,

npMcyTCTBOBan

jm

pHflOM

nbiTbisan Te ace BHeuiHne CMraanbi MUM

flpyroii

Henoseic,

KOTopwii

MC-

TpMrrepw , HO npw 3TOM ero peaicijMH

npOHBTIHTiaCb 6bl MHane.

OnMiHMTe flpyrae 3MOijMOHaiibHbie peaKiiMM M npoHBueHMH.

ypoK 3

AKTMBai MH CMCTeMbI COLJMaAbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM

^

OcHOBHbie noAo^ceHMH ypoica 3

1. JIlOflM CO CKTIOHHOCTblO K rMIiepKOHTpOTIK) ( FK ) 06/iaAaiOT BpO >KAeHHOM ( reHeTMHecKM o6ycnoB7ieHHOw ) BMCOKOM nyBCTBHTe/ibHOCTbio K yrpo3aM, HTO yBe/iMHMBaeT MX CKnoHHOCTb K HenpeflHaMepeHHOMy o6 opoHMTe;ibHO -3amMTHOMy noBe eHMio ( wmeMKM, mMTbi M Menu ) B npoijecce o6 meHMfl M MO>KeT

^

npMBeCTM K COIJMa /IbHOMy OCTpaKM3My.

2. flo6wTbC^ ynyMineHHH HaBbiKOB o6meHMH MO>KHO, M3MCHMB (})M3Mo;iorMK) npM noMOiu,M aKTMBai MM 30Hbi M03ra, KOTopan OTBenaeT 3a omymeHMe coi ManbHOM 6e3onacHoc . 3. 3cJ)4) eKTMBHOCTb Bbipa>KeHMfl 3MOU; MM Bcer a 3aBMCMT OT KOHTeKCTa, STO Han6o/iee 3(J)( j) eKTMBHbm cnoco6 T.e. MHor a c,u;ep>KiiBaHMe SMOLJMM

^

^

^ COBnaflaHMfl

^

B KOHKpeTHOM CMTyai MM.

^

Heo6 xoduMue mamepuaAu • Pa3,n;aTOHHbm

MaTepwan 3.1 , uPl 3MeHeHMe coijMa /ibHoro BsaMMOfleMCTBMH nOCpeflCTBOM M3MeHeHMfl )M3M07I0rMM ” Pa 3flaTOHHbiii MaTepwan 3.2, “Mnncan ynw6Ka fl/ra Bbipa ceHMH TOTOBHO -

4

•

CTM

^

COTpyAHMHaTb ”

• (flononHMTenbHo) Pa 3flaTOHHbiii MaTepMa/i 3.3, “OcHOBHbie no/io>KeHMfl ypoKa 3 . AKTMBauiMH cwcieMbi coiiiManbHOM 6e 3onacHOCTM ” • Pa6 oHMM NIACT 3. A, “AKTMBaijMfl cwcTeMbi coi wanbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM >>

^

• MapKepHan flocica M MapKepw wm MenoBan flocica M Men

164 f/iaBa 5. IlnaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) Bonpoc AAH o6 cyjKAeHM5i Mu ewcu , ui,umu u Menu “ McTOpMH Apyra , KOToporo HMKTO He AK> 6 MT

^

npOHMTaMTe saiyx npMBeffeHHbiii HMXce TCKCT.

>Kmi-6 bm Me/ioBeK, y6e>KAeHHbin B TOM, HTO ero HMKTO He JHO6MT. Ero Apyr CKa 3a /i: "noMflM

B flepeBHio M npocTO npoBeflM TaM BpeMn Ha

n /io-

lAaflM. Tbi yBMflMiiib, HTO HMKTO He M36eraeT o6meHMfl c TO6OM".

—

MenoBeK cKa 3a /i: "Tbi He noHMMaemb /IIOAM M BnpaBAy MeHn HeHaBMAHT. OHM CMOTpflT Ha MeHn TaK, 6yATO y MeHfl « He Bee AOMa ». HM K neMy xopoiueMy

.

3TO He npMBeAeT"

HaKOHeq APyr y6 ep,v\n ero nonpo6oBaTb. Ha CBeAyfoiAeM HeAene APyr cnpocM/i:"KaK Bee npowno?" He/iOBeK OTBeTMn: "fl cp,enan Bee B TOHHOCTM TaK, KaK Tbi CKa 3a /i. fl nome/i B AepeBHio, KOHeHHO >Ke, c TpeMn MiAeMKaMM Ha riOBOAKe, co LAMTOM Ha cnMHe M MenoM Ha nonce. BeAb HMKorAa He/ib3n TepnTb 6AMTe/ibHOCTM! M KaK Tbi AyMa eiBb, HTO npoM 30 WJio? MaTepM Ha y/iMqax 3a 6 Mpa /iM f\ eiev\ M npnTa /iM MX AOMa. OTLjbi cMOTpe/iM Ha MeHn c npe3peHMeM, M HM OAHa >KMBan pyuia He 3aroBopM /ia co MHOM, noKa n CMAe/i Ha CKaMbe nocpeAM n /iomaAM. MOM co6aKM noHTM He jianjiM! M Tbi AyMaewb, HTO JIIOAM /no6flT MeHn ?" S

CnpocwTe: KaK eu dyMaeme, KaKOu CMUCJI emou ucmopuu? OTBeT. CMblCJl

3T0M MCTOpMM 3aKTIIOHaeTCH B TOM , HTO 7IIOAM CO CK 7IOH -

HocTbio K rwnepKOHTpoTiK) O 6HHHO npoflBTunoT BO BpeMH

o6meHnfl CBOM xapaKTep ( nmenKM, IAHTM M Menn ) , M 3TO ycTioacHHeT o6 meHne. flaHHbie npoHBneHMH MoryT 6 biTb KaK AOBO /ibHo cna 6 biMM , HanpMMep HeiiTpa /ib-

y/ibi6Ka, TaK M BecbMa HBHWMM, HanpMMep o6 BMHeHMH OKpy^CaiOIAMX B THyCHblX MOTMBaX. PI XOTH MHAMBMA nbITaeTCH TaKMM o6 pa30M 3aiAMTMTbCfl OT B03M0>KH 0r0 IlpMHMHeHMH eMy BpeAa, 3TO nopTMT OTHomeHMH. PI HTO em;e Ba ^cHee, peaKijMH OKpy caiomiMx ^ o6 bIHHO TOTIbKO IlOAKpeiUIHeT y6e>KAeHMH M npMBbIHKM TaKMX HIOACM. S CnpocwTe: Hmo eu 603bMeme c co6ou , udn e depeewo? KaKUMU 6ydym eatuu uiUjeuKUy w,umbi u Menu? HanpMMep, MHOTMC ynacTHMKM coo 6 maiOT o TOM, HTO CTapaiOTCH npMAaTb JIMIJY paBHOAynmoe Bbipa ceHMe M /IM 3acTaBMTb ^ ce6n y^ bi6aTbcn, Aa>Ke KorAa McnbiTbiBaiOT CTpecc. OHM MoryT He BCTynaTb B pa3TOBOpbI, HeOC03HaHHO XMypMTbCH Ha BeHepMHKe, nOCTOHHHO 3a Bee M 3BMHHTbCH MTIM He M3BMHHTbCH B006lAe. S CnpocwTe: BO3MOMHO nu, nmo eatua CKnoHHoemb Koumponupoeamb auou,uu MOOKem ompuu,ame7ibno CKa3ueambcx na o6w enuu? KaK ona enuxem na eatuu nunnue omnotueHux? Hoe Bbipa ceHMe nMija MTIM HaTHHyTan

^

)

ypoK 3. AKTHBapufl CMdeMbi couna /ibHOM 6e 3onacHOCTM 165

nPMMEHAHUE flJlfl TPEHEPA. B pe/iOM Te MacTU M 03ra , KOTopbie OTBenaiOT 3a B036y >KfleHne ( cuMnaTHHecKaa HepBHaa CMcreMa — CHC) M 3a ycnoKoeHne ( napacMMna TUMecKaa HepBHaa CMcreMa — IIHC) pa 6oiaK)T KaK aHTaroHMCTbi : Kor,qa oflHa aKTM BMpyeTca , flpyran — noflaB/i «eic« [ Berntson, Cacioppo, & Quigley, 1991 ].

nPI/IMEHAHUE flJlfl TPEHEPA. TpeHepy

Heo6xoflMMO 3HaTb, MTO

CHC M IIHC TaKwe OAHOH M3 HMX. Ha npMMep, Korfla KTO-TO MfleT Ha co6eceAOBaHne npM npneMe Ha pa 6oiy, TO HaAeeTca Ha aKTMBapMK) CMdeMbi copMa /ibHOM 6e3onacHocTM, HO, cKopee Bcero, OH Taione 6yAeT McnbiTbiBaTb onpeAe/ieHHyio pomo TpeBorM ( CM. ypoK 2 ). MOryT aKTHBUpOBaTbCB OflHOBpeMeHHO, HO npH flOMMHMpOBaHMM

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe ypoi< a Cucmeua cou,uaM> HOU 6e 3onacuocmu • Kozda mm eocnpunuMaem mup KUK He6e3onacnoe mecmo, anmueupyemcH Hama sau umHO - odopOHumenbnan cucmeMa .

• •

•

^

Mm ympanueaeM zudnocntb 6 o6tu,eHuu, a ompancenue nuu,a cmaHoeumCH 3acmm6 muM , nomomy nmo meno zomoeumcx K aKmuoHbiM deucmeuHM ( 6e>KaTb / 6 opoTbCfl ). Kozda Mm ucnmmmeaem mpeeozy unu cmpax , uama ynmdna, CKopee oce20 , 6ydem emznndemb ( fianvmuoou, Hamnnymou unu emMyneHHou . 3TO B paBHoii CTeneHM cnpaBeAHMBO flnn Bcex. S CnpocMTe: Bu Kozda-mo 3aMenanu , nmo eaM cnoMnee nemb, cnyiuamb unu ucKpenne obipawamb nonoMumenbHbie 3M 0 uiuu no omnomeHUK ) K dpy euM nwdxM , Kozda eu ucnumbioaeme cmpecc unu nanpHncenue? Xopoman Hoeocmb 3aKnwnaemcn s mom, nmo mm monceM ortiKmoHuntb unu MUHUMU 3Up06 amb sautumHO - odopOHumenbHyw peaKt uw npu no MOWJU anmuoaUjUU mou 3onm M 03za, nomopan omoenaem 3a omyu euue coUfUanbHou 6e3onacHocmu [ Porges , 1995 ] . K npwMepy, aKTMBaijMH STOW

^

AenaeT Bbipa ceHwe ninja He TarniM 3acTbiBiHMM omynjeHmo ecrecTBeHHOM nencocTM M BapMaTMBHOcnr Bbipa -

^

cwcTeMbi aBTOMaTM ecKM

6naroAapn )KeHHH

^

^

3M0 HMM.

• npu aianuoaujuu cucmeMbi

^

coi uanbuou

6e3onacHocmu 3am,umHo- o6o-

poHumenbHan peaKu,un omKnwnaemcn unu MUHUMU 3Upyemcn. 3TO npoMCXOAHT noTOMy, HTO Ham M03r HacTpoeH TaK, HTO npu aKTMBaijmi OAHOM 3MOijMOHanbHOM CMCTeMbi ( HanpuMep, cwcTeMbi npeACTOHHjero no/iyHeHun B03HarpancAeHHn ) Bee ocTanbHbie cwcTeMbi HMTenbHan cwcTeMa, cwcTeMa

( HanpMMep, 3am, MTHO-o6opo-

coflwanbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM, cwcTeMa onpeAe-

166 fhaBa 5 . fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT TieHMH HOBM3Hbl ) nO aBTIHIOTOI HOCTbK)

^

ft /Ifl TOrO, HTo6 bI

aKTMBMpOBaTb OftHy M3 HMX ( CM. ypOK

S CnpocuTe: Bu Koeda - nudydb 3aMeHanuy

MMeTb B 03M0>KH0CTb IIOTI-

2 ).

nmo ne Moweme odnoepeMenno

u cmpax? TOHHO max Me MU ne MOMeu od ucnumueamb ucKpennww padocmb u Hacmoxu yw 3nocmb. HoepeueHHO CucmeMa coi uanbuou 6e3onacmcmu cnoco6ctn6 yem ycmaHOBneuuto cex3eu . ripM ee aKTMBaijnn MM McnbiTbraaeM omymeHMe CIIOKOMHOM roMbI eCTeCTBeHHbIM o6 pa 30 M CTaHOBMM TOBHOCTM M )Ke7iaHMH o6lI aTbCB Cfl 6onee OTKpblTblMM , MrpMBbIMM M HK)6o3HaTenbHbIMM no OTHOineHMK) KO ucnumueamb cnoKoucmeue

•

^

^

^

—

BceMy BOKpyr.

•

CucmeMa

6e3onacHOcmu aicmuoupyem uepBume nymu ,

ynpaenxwmue^ menu Mbiuiu,aMU , nomopbie neodxoduMbi dmi o6w,eHux u coi uanbuou

fiopMupoaauux coufuanbHbix cBX 3eu . 3mw Mbiuiupi cucmeubi couiuanbuou 6e3onacnocmu noMoeawm HUM B cnedytou eM . • Jlyrnue cnbiuiamb mo, nmo zoBOpxm OKpywatomue, 6/iaroflapn TOMy, HTO Mbi HacTpaMBaeMcn Ha BoenpnnTne 6onee BHCOKMX 3ByKOBbix BM 6 pau;MM He/iOBenecKoro ronoca ( Mbimuibi cpeflHero yxa ) • Bbipancamb mennoe omuotueHue u dpyncemodue no omHouienuw K OKpywawiquM npn noMomn 6o/iee Me/ioflMHHoro ronoca (Mbimijbi rop(

•

^

ro/iocoBoro annapaTa ) • Cu2 Hanu3upoeamt> OKpyxcawmuM o ceoeu ucKpeunocmu u uadencHocmu, OTKpbITO Bbipa CaB ( BMeCTO Toro, HTo 6 bI CKpbIBaTb ) 3MOIJMM M ^ nyBCTBa npM noMOujM Bbipa^eHMH TiHLja ( nnijeBbie Mbiumbi ) TaHM M rnoTKM MJIM

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKemie ypona ro6opniu,ue 6 po6u • Bancuo noHUMamb, ede Haxodxmcx eauiu 6poeu

BO

Bpeux

pa320 B0 pa,

nononceuue ( Bbitue unu uunce ) ne monbKO umeem 3uane nue B omnouieHuu uaiue2o caMoou ymeHux, no u 0 Ka3 bisaem BJiuxuue ua nomoMy nmo ux

•

^

oicpyxcatomux . yduBumenbHO mo,

nmo uatua cucmeua cou,uanbuou 6e3onacnocmu MO ncem BKJiiOHumbcx unu omKnwnumbcx npocmum douMeuueM nuu^eobix MbiuiUf u / unu nonoMceuueM menu ( CM. ypox 2). Bee noTOMy, HTO Haina Hen poperynnTopHan cncTeMa flByHanpaBneHHan, T.e. Bbipa>KeHne jmija, acecTbi, KOTopbie Mbi Mcnonb3yeM , M ABM >KeHMH Tena MoryT MeHHTb Harne caMonyBCTBMe M BocnpMHTMe OKpy caioiii;Mx nioflen M MMp B ijenoM .

^

YpOK 3. AKTMBaU, Mfl CMCTeMbl COUMa /lbHOM 6e 30 naCH 0 CTM 167

(06H3aTeAbHo) npaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHwe Mzpa 6 po6nmi 06yHeHMe. npwnoflHMMaHMe 6 poBew , KOTopoe BK /nonaeT ABM >KeHJie BBepx o6eMMM 6pOBflMM, HB/IfleTCfl yHMBepCa /IbHblM CPirHaHOM CMMnaTMM. 3TO cwrHan Harnero APy>Ke;no6Horo OTHomeHPiH. Hanje Bcero STO ReMCTBwe npoMcxoflMT Heoco3HaHHo M o6 biHHO conpoBo>KflaeTCH nerKOM ynbi 6 KOM H APY>KecKMM 3pnTenbHbiM KOHTaKTOM. Be3 CTIOB 3TOT cnrHa /i nepe aeT ApyroMy HenoBexy noc/iaHMH “Tbi MHe HpaBmiibCfl ” M MW C TO 6 OM BMecie ” Ero nacTO MO>KHO 3aMeTMTb, Kor a Apy3bfl npMBeTCTByiOT Apyr flpyra npn BCTpene. HanpMMep, Kor a ne/iOBeK npwBeTCTByeT Toro, KTO eMy HpaBMTcn , TO, CKopee Bcero, OH HeHaflonro noAHMMeT 6poBM, M 3TO 6yqeT 6ecco3Ha TenbHbiM cecTOM. BTOPOM HenoBex, CKopee Bcero, nocTynMT TOHHO Tax >KZ . ^

^

^

^

MHCTpyKi MM. Pa3,n,enMTe ynacTHMKOB Ha napw. TpeHep HMTbCfl C KeM -TO B napy ( MCKTHOHMTejIbHO Ba KHO , HTo6 bI ^ aKTMBHoe ynacme ) .

^

MO ceT

^

oB befln '

Bee npMHMMa /IM

HanHMTe ynpa>KHeHMe c HTCHUH cne

^yiomero TeKCTa.

flpeflCTaBbTe, HTO Bam HanapHUK — 3TO flaBHO yipaMeHHbm nynwm . Bbl OMeHb paflbi ero BUfleTb BHOBb — npouu/io, HaBepHoe, flearrb neT c MOMeHTa Baweii noc /ieflHeM BCTpenn! Yx-Tbi, BOT 3TO yflaMHaa nepecaAKa! IIOMHB 06 3TOM, noBepHmecb K CBoeMy HanapHUKy M nonpi/meTCTByi/iTe ero Tax ~ >Ke, KaK Bbi 3TO CAena/in 6bi B pea /ibHOM >KM 3HH. flaBai/iTe! BnepeA! l lonpuBeTCTByi/rre APyra, KOToporo Bbi Tax AaBHO He BHAe/in! [llped/ iOMume

flpyr, C KOTOpbIM Bbl CJiyHaMHO BCTpeTMBMCb B aaponopTy

y^ acmHUKOM noeepHymbca K CBOUM ebipaxeHuu npueemcmeun.]

HonopHUKaM

u nompeHupoeambca e

CnycTH npMMepHO OAHy MHHyTy ocraHOBMTe ynpa>KHeHMe so3rjiacoM OmnuHHaH padoma! w 6e3 o6cy>KAeHMfl HCMCAJICHHO npncTynnTe K cneAyiomeMy 3aAaHMio > HMTan Bcnyx npuBeAeHHbm HM >ice TCKCT.

—

Cei/mac Mbi co6 npaeMCfl CAe/iaTb TO >Ke caMoe nonpHBeTCTBOBaTb AaBHO yTpaneHHoro APyra B aaponopiy! To/ibKO B 3TOT pa 3 BO BPEMH npHBeTCTBH ^ y6eAMTecb, HTO Bbi HH B Koen/i c/iyMae He npnnoAHHMaeie 6 poBn! To ecTb B BTOT pa 3 nonpHBeTCTBynie APyra TaK >Ke, KaK n paHbLue, HO TO/ibKO c onyiAOHHbiMH 6 poB« Mn . Xopoujo. flaBai/rre! BnepeA! rionpMBeTCTByi/iTe CBoero APyra, HO noMHme, mo 6 poBn Hy >KHo onycKaTb!

CBoero

168 rhaBa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

CnycTH npnMepHO o Hy MMHyTy ocTaHOBMTe ynpaHCHeHwe M nonpocMTe ^ rpynny nofle/iHTbcn Ha6niofleHMHMM o pa3HMi e B omynjeHMUx OTMX Byx ^ ^ npMBeTCTBMM. 3aTeM npM noMonjM c /ie yiomero o 6fl3aTe;ibHoro no/io>Ke ^ HMH ypoxa 06'bHCHMTe 3HaneHMe 3Toro ynpa CHeHMH. ^

pa3nunue uencby omuuu beyux 63auModeucm6 M nux Ka,3 anocb 6onee ecmecmeennuM ? Kame menecnue outymeHM & bi omuemunu? H3Menunucb nu eatuu ou yu enm, Kozba 6 CIM nenb3K 6bino npunodnuMamb 6poeu ? 3auemunu nu ew u3Menenue mona zonoca? (06UHHO bonbvuuncmeo ynacmnuKoe 3 aMenawm, nmo zonoc cmanoeumcn ne maKUM MenobmnuM, a mon zonoca — 6onee MonomoHHbiM . ) 3aMemunu nu eu KaKoe-nu6o omnmue 6 ncenanuu npoeecmu epeun sMecme co ceouu moeapuu eM u enoeb ou ymumb 6nu30cmb unu boeepue no omnoiueHUH) K neuy ? HacKonbKO 6uno nez KO ynu6ambcn c onyu ennbiMU bpoonuu? Tloenuxno nu 3 mo na & bi6op cnoe? B 6onbiueu unu Meubtueu cmenenu 6 aM xomenocb ycmanoeumb menecHbiu xonmaxm c HUM ? Hmo eu\ e eu 3 auemunu ?

S CnpocnTe: B neu MU ?

KaKoe

U3

^ ^

^

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• ffeyHanpaeneHHoemv •

nauieu

neupopezynamopHou cucmeMbi tnaKwe

nodnepKiieaem mo, KCIK coUjUanvHbie cuznanbi onuxwm na name cmpeM nenue K omymeHwo conpunacmnocmu c dpyzuMU nwdbMU . Cnedyww,uu na6op naomKoe 6a3 upyemcn na omoM HadnwbeHuu.

(06fl3aTeAbHo) IIoAOJKeHMe ypoica AKmu6au,ufi uaiueu cucmenu couluaji bHou 6e3onacnocmu /

Ilpefl7IO>KIlTe yHaCTHHKaM 03HaK0MMTbCfl C pa3flaTOHHbIM MaTepManOM 3.1, “Il3MeHeHiie coijiia;ibHoro B3anMOfleMCTBiifl nocpe CTBOM M3MeHeHMH M3M-

^

onorim”

.

nPI/IMEHAHUE flJlfl TPEHEPA CwcreMa copMa/ibHOM 6e3onacHOcm OMeHb /ienKHeHMe "l/lrpa 6POBBMM"). f lo3TOMy TpeHepy Heo6xoflUMO HanoMUHaTb yMacmuKaM, MTO MM Hy>KHO nocroaHHO peaKTMBMpoBaTb cMdeMy copMa /ibHOM 6 e3onacHOCTM, B oco6eHHOCTM Korfla OKpywatomaa o6cTaHOBKa MX nyraeT. *

ypOK 3. AKTMBaUMfl CMCTeMbl COUMa/lbHOM 6e30naCH0CTM 169

riPMMEHAHI/lEflJlfl TPEHEPA . Bo BpeMfl oGyneHMfl KawflOM M3 npuBefleHHbix rn/iwe crpaTerMM TpeHepy c /ieAyeT co3flaBaTb BO 3MO>KHOCTM AJIB MMHM-npaKTMKM Ha 3aHBTMM, Mcno/ib3yfl npefl/ioweHHbie npMMepw MJIM co3flaBaa HOBbie. HanpuMep, MO>KHO npoBecTH MeflHTapwo Ha nporpeccHBHoe pacc /ia 6/ieHMe Mbiiup M /IM npn~ HecTM c CO6 OM MflrKHe nyiuMCTbie npeflMeTbi M nonpocMTb ynacTHMKOB nor /iaflHTb MMM ce6 fl no m\ \ y, a TaK >Ke nonpo6oBaTb ce6« o6HBTb. Ba>KHO, HTo6 bi nHCTpyKTop cyMe/i npMBJienb Bcex ynacTHMKOB K 3TOM npaKTMKe. (CM. pa 3flen "PyKOBOflCTBo fljiB TpeHepa no npaKTMKe «AeflTe/ibHOCTb 6e3 n/iaHMpoBaHMB»" B ypoKe 12, MTo6 bi Hai/ITM COBeTbl 0 TOM, KaK npeflCTaBMTb ( MJ1M He npeflCTaB/lBTb/'XM- XM!") Ka >KflOe M 3 MMHM-ynpa>KHeHMM.)

•

.

Eonbuian mpouKa + i EcTb TpM n /noc OAMH (ycTiOBHbm ) cnoco6 CTMMyTIMpOBaHMH OmymeHMfl COl ManbHOM 3aiXJ, miJ,eHHOCTM , KOTOpbie pa6 oTaiOT noHTM Bcer a M Be3Ae, He3aBMCMM0 OT TOTO, HacKO/ibKO crpeccoBOM MOMCCT KA3aTbCH CMTyau MH. 51 Ha3biBaio 3TM neTbipe (})opMbi noBe eHHH “ Eonbina ^ TpoMKa + 1”. Earn Mbi MX 3afleMCTByeM, Ham MO3T cHMTaeT, HTO Bee B no-

^

^ .

^

pHflKe.

• Earn em cudume, uaHHume c “+ 1”; na amoM amane neodxoduMo omna cnuuny cmyna ( eMecmo mozo nmo6bi cudemtr , cnezKa HaKnoHusmucb eneped ). 3TO HanoMMHaeT HeMHoro paccna6neHHoe nono>KeHne, pa3BanMBinMCb Ha flMBaHe, KOTopoe coo6 nj,aeT BarneMy M03ry: “51 OT bixaio” “ + 1” MO>KHO ncnonb30BaTb, TO/ibKO Kor a BH CMAMTC, M noaTOMy OH OTAeneH OT ocTanbHbix Tpex cnoco6 oB. • ffanee QKJiwHume s de/ io Bojibiuyw mpouKy : zny6oKoe cnorcouHoe dvi xaHue, npueemjiuQaH MHZKUH ynm6 Ka u cnezKa npunodHxmbie 6poeu. BOTIblliyiO TpOMKy MO)KHO npMMeHHTb OflHOBpeMeHHO B JIK)6OM nojio^ceHMM: CTOH, cwflH WJIVL ne>Ka. • CttoKOunoe zny6oKoe dvixaHue nepedaem eatueMy M03zy cuznan “ece 6 nopxdice” OHO pa6oTaeT nocpeflCTBOM ABM^ceHMH Mbiiim, pacnono>KeHHbix noA nencMMM, KOTopwe M3BecTHbi noA Ha3BaHM eM “ AMacJjparMa”. OHM 3aA 0MCTByiOTCH B npouecce my6 oKoro AMxaHMH BO BpeMfl OTAbixa MTIM pacc7ia6/ieHMH. Mbinmw Awa (J)parMbi MHHepBMpyiOTCH BBK- FIHC BameM CMCTCMW coijManbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM. MeAneHHbie rny6oKMe BAOXM npMBOAHT K TaKMM ABM CCHMHM ^ AMACJJPARMBI, KOTopwe CMrHa /iM3MpyK)T M03ry AO^>KHO 6 biTb, Bee B nop^ AKe” ( noTOMy HTO, KorAa Mbi McnyraHbi, Mbi NM 6O 3aAep>KMBaeM AbixaHMe, HM 6 O ^ce Harne AwxaHMe CTaHOBMTCH ynaiAeHHbiM M noBepxHOCTHbiM ) . Taxoe AbixaHMe MO>KHO cBH3aTb co B3AOXOM yAOB TieTBOpeHMH ” KunymbCH

^

^

.

170 DiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT •

npueemnueax MXZKUX ym>i6ica: yronKM pTa c/ierKa npwnoflHMMaIOTCH BBepx, pacT rMBa ry 6 bi Ha # 3y6aMM , HO poT npw STOM ocra ^ ^ eTCH 3 aKpbiTbiM , Tan HTO 3y 6 bi He BMflHbi ( npe no aiTe ynacTHMKaM ^ ^

MaTepna ioM 3.2) . OHa noHTM Bcer a ^ ^ npmijypoM conpoBO cflaeTCH npaMbiM B 3ITIHAOM rna3a MTIM

03HaK0MMTbCH

c pa3

/

aTOHHbiM

jierKMM

B

^

nn6o cy^ceHweM rna3 c o 6pa30BaHneM MopmMHOK no Twny “rycw -

xapaKTepHbix RJIX HCKpeHHew y/ibi 6 iai OT yAOBonbCTBUH (npw 3TOM aKTMBiipyeTCH KpyroBan Mbimija r;ia3a ) . • CnezKa npunodHUMawmcx o6e 6 po& u, nmo cnyxcum ymieepcanbHMM cuznanoM cuMtiamuu u eupaxceuueM 6nazocKnoHHOcmu Tler Koe npPino HMMaHMe 6poBen noHTM Bcer a conpoBO>KAaeTCfl npw BeTTIMBOM ynbl6KOM, 3pMTenbHbIM KOHTaKTOM M MeHOflMHHblM TOHOM ronoca npn o6 nj,eHMM. rioAobHyio MMMMKy MO>KHO 3aMeTMTb, Kor a Apy3bH npuBeTCTByioT Apyr j\ pyra M / M /IM BO BpeMH o6meHMfl Meacfly Hbie nanKPi ”

.

^

^

^

niOflbMM, KOTOpbie MCnbITbIBaiOT B3aMMHyiO CMMnaTMK) pecoBaHHOCTb ,n;pyr B Apyre.

Mjm

3aMHTe -

nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. B npoTMBOBec MCKyccTBeHHbiM yjibiOKaM, npuBemMByto MBrKyfo y/ibibKy MO>KHO coxpaHBTb Ha npoTB>KeHHM AOcraTOHHO fl /ime/ibHoro MJIM 4> ajibujn. C 6o/ibwoM AOJiei/i BepoBpeMeHM 6e3 omymeHMB HeecrecTBeHHOc y 6 6 / /ibi BTHOCTM MHTKaB npHBeT iMBaa Ka yfleT BOcnpHHMMaTbCfl KaK ee OTnpaBMTe/ieM,

-

TaK M peL|MnneHTOM KaK MCKpeHHee Bbipa >KeHMe yAOBOJlbCTBMfl M Bbl 30 BeT B pe3y/lb y/ibiOKy H / MJIM aKTHBapmo cucreMbi coMi/ia /ibHOi/i 6e3onacHoc ( Ha npMMep, npi/l nOMOlAH aKTMBapMM BBK-I1HC). ABTOMaTMHeCKMM B3AOX yAOBOJlbCTBMfl,

Taie OTBeTHyK)

KOTopbiM conpoBOKflaeT MBTKyio npuBeniHByK)

,

jiOKMTb

HTO aKTMBupoBaHa ci/icreivia

y/ibi6 Ky,

Hacro

no3BOJifleT

-

npeflno

coqua /ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM BBK-nHC. OH c/iy-

>KMT nOflTBep>KfleHl/ieM flei/ICTBeHHOCTU MflrKOI/l npMBeT/lMBOM y/lbl6 KM M MO>KeT 6 blTb oco6eHHO noBe3HbiM npH o6yHeHm/i 3TOMy HaBbiKy. MarKafl npi/iBeT/inBaa y/ibi6 Ka OT/lMHaeTCB OT yMMpOTBOpHJOmeH M 3aCTeHHHB0 M y/lbl6 KM C 3aKpblTblM pTOM, fl /lB KOTopbix xapaKTepHbi OTBefleHMe B3mafla B cTopoHy H onycxaHne ro/iOBbi [Sarra & Otto, 2001]. OHa TaK >Ke OT/iMHaeTca OT MeHee 3KcnpeccnBHOi7i nojiyy/ibi 6KH [ Linehan, 1993 b], KOTopan He npeflno/iaraeT pacwuiBaHi/ifl ry6, HeTaKaa lunpoKaa M peflKo Bbi3 biBaeT MopmuHKM, pacxoAflinnecfl nyHMKaMH BOKpyr ma 3. Bo/iee Toro, no/iyy/ibibKa ( ) M 3MHecKM 6onbiije noxo>Ka Ha 3/iopaflHyjo yxMbmKy, M B pe3y /ibTaTe nx nacTo nyTaiOT. | riojiyyjibi6 Ka M 3nopaflHaa yxMbi /iKa accopHMpyfOTCB c pe/ibiM paflOM pa 3Hbix BMOMMM M HaMepeHMM OT AOBO/lbCTBa AO CM /lbHOM aHTMfiaTMM 1/1J1H nOMCKa yflOBOJlbCTBMH B HeBe3eHnn flpyroro nenoBeKa. CaMaa 3HaMeHHTaa noByyBbi6 Ka npeflCTaBBeHa Ha KapTUHe JleoHapflo fla BMHHM, M3BecTHOM nofl Ha 3BaHneM "MoHa /ln 3a "; OHa TaK cwibHo MHTpnryeT MMCHHO noTOMy, HTO 3Ta muiio3opHaH y/ibi 6Ka Ha nupe weHinnHbi Bbipa >KeHa CTO/ib HeBBHO, HTO HeB03M0>KH0 noHBTb ee nofl/iMHHyK) npuipofly, n ee MHTepnpeTaqHH BapbMpytOTCH OT yflOBO/ibCTBHB flo npe3peHMB [ Livingstone, 2000].

ypoK 3. AKTHBapufl cucTeMbi couna /ibHOki 6e3onacHOCTM 171

•

Cucmema cou,uam> Hou 6e3onacHoanu nezKO 3anycKaemcx u man Me nezuo omKmonaemcH ( 3a MunnuceKyndm ). TaKMM o6 pa30M , npM cTpecce MTIM B yrpoacaiomeM CMTyaijMM oaeHb BaacHO noBTOpHTb “ Bo/ibmyio Tpowny + 1” MHoro pa3 no pHfl M He noflflaBaTbCH pa3oaapoBaHMK) > tom KaaceTca, HTO 3(J> ( j> eKT OT npM 7IO>KeHHbIX yCMTIMM ftTIMTCa HeflO/irO. IIOBTOpeHMe Bcex 3TMX eiicTBPiM peaKTMBwpyeT cwcTeMy. K TOMy ace “ Bo/ibiuaa Tpowica + 1” MMe eT flono;iHMTe;ibHbie npemviyinecTBa B BM e BbipaaceHMa flpyaceaio 6 Ma , HTO noMoraeT cHM3MTb ypoBeHb cTpecca RJIX Bcex npwcyTCTByioiii Mx.

^

..

^

.

( 06a 3aTeAbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHne EoAbiuan mpouna + 1 IIpaKTHKa. flaa Havana HyacHO 3aHHTb TaKoe no/ioaceHMe Teaa, KOTopoe 6yn,eT cMrHanM3wpoBaTb M03ry o TpeBore, HanpaaceHMii wm cKOBaHHOcm. C 3TOM ije/ibio BceM Heo6xo,n,MMO cecTb oaeHb npaMO M c/ierxa HaKTiOHMTbca Bnepefl ( npaKTuaecKM wcnbiTbiBaa roTOBHocTb copBaTbca c MecTa ) , cfleaaTb 3acTbiBnmM H 7iM 6e3yHacTHbiM, a 3aTeM cnerxa Hanpaab xaic MoacHO 6onbme Mbiniu;, cTapaacb cfleaaTb STO He3aMeTHO ( MMMTaLjiia HanpaaceHMa

TIMIJO

B Teae )

.

Mcnonb3yMTe “ Boabiuyio Tpoifcicy + 1” flaa aKTMBaijMM cwcTeMbi coijMa /ib HOM 6 e 3 onacHOCTM: 1 ) OTKMHbTecb Ha CTy/ie M paccaa6 bTe CBoe Teao; 2 ) c,n,e TiaMTe rny 6 oKHH cnoKOMHbiw Bflox; 3 ) oflHOBpeMeHHO Marico yabi 6 aacb c 3aKpbiTbiM PTOM; M 4) caenca npwnoAHMMaa 6 poBM . TpeHep floaaceH noKa3aTb, Kax 3TO BbirnaflMT, a 3aTeM rpynna noBTopaeT ynpaacHeHMe 3a HUM .

IlrpaMTe BO BpeMB o6yneHM5i IIpoiiHCTpyKTiipyMTe yaacTHMKOB, KaK MMMTMpoBaTb same noaoaceHMe n Bbipaacemie amja. Hanpmviep, MHcrpyKTop MoaceT 3aHaTb paccaa6aeHHyio no3y, XAK ,11,71a OTflbixa Ha cBoeM cry/ie, M flaace npwTBOpMTbca , HTO 3acHya. 3aTeM OH Heoaoi aHHO MoaceT cecTb c POBHOM OIMHOM, CHOBa OTKaoHMTbca Ha3a , 3aHMMaa pa3Hbie paccaa6aeHHbie no3aTeM aoaceHwa , npMTBopaacb nbaHbiM wan no# xamJiOM, M npM3bmaTb Bcex BH noaHHTb 3TO ynpaacHeHMe HawrpaHHbiM XMnnM - roaocoM: 3w, nyeciK , daeau npocmo noHunuM , paccnadbcx daeau, nodnuMu yxce emu 6poeu omKUHbcx na3ad , nycmb eecb Mup eepmumcx eoxpyz me6x. ffaeau, pacmxnu yxce nodoxy. dmy npueemnueyw ynudicy u durnu c nwdoebw . Bee ocmanbHoe ffaeau odKypuMex, u ece 6ydem e moKonade. Bom amo MU 3 Hb.

Tena, acecTbi

—

^

—

^

}

—

172 f /iaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AIIT

IIonpOCMTe ynaCTHHKOB yCTpOMTbCH KaK MOHCHO yHo6Hee, OTXMHyBIHMCb Ha3a Ha cTynbnx, a 3aTeM npoM MTe Boxpyr, nonpaBTiflfl no3bi Tex, KTO MC-

^

nbiTbmaeT CHO>KHOCTM

YcTpoMTe

^

.

copeBHOBaHne B CIIOCO6HOCTM npnHHMaTb

paccjiadneirayio

no3y. Hbfl no3a caMan pacc7ia6/ieHHafl ? M /IM y KOTO nynnie Bcero no/iynaeTCH noflHMMaTb 6 poBM ? MTIM noMrpaMTe B Mrpy KTO Mo>xeT nynine Bcex He copeBHOBaTbcn”! E MHCTBeHHaH npo6neMa COCTOMT B TOM , HTO earn BMM -

^

ecnw npourpaeuib, TO BbiMrpaeuib... XM - M - M ... 3TO AOJDKHO 6biTb Beceno. • Ilocjieflyiomee o6cyacp;eHMe. KaKue ou yu enuK 6 bi3eano ynpaMuenue “Eonbiuax mpouKa + 1”? Hmo eu 3aMemu7iu? Bu 3auemunu KaKue-nu60 u3MenenuH e menecnux ow,ytu,eHMx? KaKoe U 3 nemupex deucmeuu 6uno nezne ecezo ebinonnumb? Kaxue 6 bi36 anu cnoxcHocmu? He 3a6 w BawTe npaKTMKOBaTb Te HaBbixM , xoTopwe fla /mcb cno>xHee, noxa OHM rpaenib, TO npoHrpaemb, HO

^ ^

HE cTaHyT npocTbiMM .

nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. HeKOTopbie K /inembi c TK coo6maK>T, HTO MyBCTByiOT ce6a CTpaHHO BO BpeMfl Bbino/iHeHMB npeflbiflymero ynpawHeHMH. Hauje Bcero 3TO nponcxoflMT, Korfla OHM nbuaiOTCfl OTKMHyTbca Ha CTy/ie; npocTO noTOMy MTO OHM He npMBbiK /iM cMfleTb noflo6HbiM o6pa30M ( B oco6eHHOCTM Ha ny6 jiMKe ), a cnoBa po-

flMTe/ieM MJ1M yMMTe/ieM "Cflflb POBHO!" MJ1M "He CyTyJlbCB!" npOHHO yKOpeHM/lMCb B MX noflco3HaHMM. TpeHep MoweT noMrpaTb c pa3HbiMM no /io>KeHMBMM Te/ia, mo6 bi noMOMb MCKOpeHMTb 3ayMeHHoe npMBbiHHoe no/io>KeHMeTejia.

( 06a3aTeAbHo ) IIoAoaceHMe ypoi< a SKcnaHcuBnue >Kecmu ynasuSamm na 6e 3onacuocm b • IllMpoKMe >KecTbi coo6 aK T o 6e3onacHOCTM, noTOMy HTO no3BO/uiK T '

nj1

Tiynuie Bbipa3MTb 3MOU;MM.

)

Kax

)

BH noMHMTe, HIO HM CBOMCTBCHHO B3aMM

^

ORpy CaiOU MX, HTO

-

n03B0/IfleT OIIjyTMTb ^ cxo^KMe SMoi MOHanbHbie COCTOHHMH. Mcno/ib3ya HiMpoxMe >xecTbi M acMBoe Bbipa>xeHMe /iMija, Mbi He Tonbxo 3anycxaeM co6cTBeHHyio CMCTeMy COLJM anbHOM 6e3onacHocTM, HO M nocbi /iaeM Ba>xHbie coijMa /ibHbie CMraa /ibi oxpy>KaiOmMM, a MMeHHO TO, HTO Mbi MM flOBepneM M TeM CaMbIM aXTMBM3MpyeM CMCTeMy coijMa /ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM y nenoBexa, c xoTopwM o6 maeMcn ( nocpeflCTBOM MMXPOMMMMXPMM M 3epxa /ibHbix HeMpoHOB). Korfla y Hac pa6oTaeT 3am;MTHO-o6opoHMTe/ibHafl CMCTeMa, MM O6MHHO HanparaeMoi, HO MMMTMpOBaTb Bbipa>XeHMfl /IMIj;

^

—

^

ypoK 3. AKTMBau, Mfl CMCTeMbi

couna/ibHOM 6e3onacHocTM 173

HaniM )KeCTbI CTaHOBHTCH He TaKMMM Bbipa3MTe7IbHbIMM M aKTMBHbIMM M MbI flep MM pyKM 6/iM>Ke K Teny ( Ha cjiynaM Heo6xoAMMOcTM sKCTpeHHOM 3amM -

^

TM ).

rioaTOMy, earn Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe Hanpn >KeHMe, noABuraiiTe TiMijeBbiMM

MbllHLiaMM M MCnonb3yMTe HIMpOKMe SKCnpeCCMBHbie >KeCTbI C OTKpbITbIMM

TiaAOHHMM, BMeCTO TOrO HTo6bI

ep^CaTb pyKM M TiaAOHM KaK MO>KHO 6nM>Ke ce6e. OTKpowTe pyKM (BMCCTO Toro, HTO6M MX cn /ieTaTb), noBepHMTe naAOH /IMM BBepx ( a He BHM3) M nonpo6yMTe aKTMBHO AonojiHHTb penb >KecTaMM. Earn Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe Hanpji>KeHMe, HaxoAflCb B OAMHonecTBe, cMTibHO CMOpLUMTeCb, BbITflHMTe H3bIK KaK MO>KHO CMTIbHee, OAHOBpeMeHHO IHMpOKO pacKpbiB rna3a, noxnonaMTe ce 6n no pyKaM M HoraM M 6 bicTpo nomeBenMTe 6poBHM. Bee 3TM ABM>KeHMH 6yAyT nocbmaTb B M03r CMraa /ibi o TOM , HTO Bee xoporno, HHane Bbi He coBepniM /iM 6 bi noAo6Hbie Te;iOABM >KeHMH (o6biHHO HaM He CBOMCTBeHHa SKcnaHCMBHOCTb, KorAa Mbi McnbiTbiBaeM TpeBory). K

^

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) npaKTunecKoe ynpajKHeHMe Tpenupyume luuponue weemu TpeHepy Heo6xoAMMO npoMHCTpyKTMpoBaTb rpynny o noBTopemm scex ero ABMHceHHM, KaK n npn BbinojmeHnM npeAbiAymero ynpaacHeHMH, n i eneHanpaBneHHO CAenaTb MX npe3MepHO Bbipa3MTe;n> HbiM. HanpMMep, noA HMMaMTe M onycKaMTe 6poBM, CBOAMTC BMecTe r/ia3a, c>KMMaMTe ry6bi BMeCTe rapMOuiKOM M pacTHTMBaMTe MX KaK MO>KHO umpe, pacKpbiBaMTe r /ia3a M pOT TaK IHMpOKO, KaK TOTIbKO MO)KeTe, nOAHMMaMTe 6pOBM M OAHOBpeMeHHO pacTHTMBaMTe Bee Mbiimj, bi TiMija. Tenepb 3a >KMypbTecb KaK MO>KHO CM /ibHee M

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.

OAHOBpeMeHHO CMopm,MTe JIMU 0 ( Hanp rMTe KaK MO>KHO CMJibHee Bee TiMiie-

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a 3aTeM CHMMMTe HanpH>KeHMe. HanpnrMTe M pacc/ia6bTe KaK MO>KHO 6 onbine /iMii;eBbix Mbirnn, M npoBepbTe, CKO/IBKO M3 HMX BBI cMo>KeTe pacno3HaTb. IIoABMraMTe ronoBOM B CTopoHbi M BnepeA - Ha3aA, pacTHHMTe M HanpnrMTe KaacAyio Mbimn,y. IIoMaccMpyMTe TIMIJO pyKaMM. rioTHHMTecb pyKaMM K noTO/iKy, OTKpoiiTe pyKM naAOHHMM BBepx M nonpo6yMTe >KecTM KynMpoBaTb pyKaMM B TaKOM nono^ceHMM. IIoAOMAMTe K STOMy npou;eccy TBopnecKM npMTBOpMTecb, HTO pa3roBapMBaeTe c KCM -TO, M nonpo6yMTe Mcnonb30BaTb caMbie pa3Hbie acecTbi, KOTopwe TonbKo npMAyT BaM Ha yM, cneiiMa /ibHO AenaMTe ABM CCHMH HecKO/ibKO HaMrpaHHbiMM. MAen 3aKniOHa^ eTCH B TOM, HTO6M cAe/iaTb 3TO ynpa CHeHMe KaK MO>KHO 6 onee BecenbiM M ^ o6i>eAMHHK)iij;MM. OHO AOTDKHO Rjimbcn. Bcero HecKonbKO MMHyT, XOTH Tiynuie Bcero 6yAeT HeoAHOKpaTHO ero noBTOpHTb Ha npoTJDKeHMM ypoKa MHM KorAa Bbi nbiTaeTecb Kpa36MTb neA ” BHanane o6yneHMH ApyrMM HaBbiKaM PO MHM BO Bbie MbmiL( bi),

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174 nhaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT BpeMH “fleHTenbHOCTM 6 e3 nnaHMpoBaHMfl ”. Hy>KHO npM3HBaTb ynacTHMKOB npo6oBaTb aicmBHo >KecTMKy;iMpoBaTb flOMa nepefl 3epKanoM M flenaTb STM nMi eBbie M TenecHbie ynpa>KHeHMH cBoew e>Ke HeBHOM npaKTMKOM , noBTopnfl MX Kax MO>KHO name Ha npoTH ceHMM AHH ( HanpMMep, HanpnraTb M pacc /ia-

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6/raTb Mbiim bi TiMi a 3a pyneM aBTOMo6M /ra ) .

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( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe ypoKa Ha6 uK 3aMedAenun duxanun • HaetJiK 3aMedneHUH dbixanux: oco3HUHHoe 6onee znydoKoe u Mebnennoe

bnuHHViMU emboxauu. iMnepBeHTMTumMfl c 3KCTpeMa;ibHOM cMTyaijMeM yrpo3w. 3aMe,n;7ieHMe flbixaHMH npMMepHO AO mecTM IJMKTIOB B,U; OXOB M BM OXOB B MMHyTy ( oflMH IlOTIHblM IJMK 7I flblXaHMH R71MTCfl 10- 12 c ) nOMOraeT 3(J)(J)eKTMBHO CnpaBMTbCH C 3MOLJMOHa7IbHbIM B 036y^KfleHMeM. OObIHHbIM TeMn flbIXaHMH

bhixamie c

3aMebjieHHt>iMU

npoHHO accoijMMpyeTCfl

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6onee nacTbiM . TpeHepy cne

Ha ^yeT ^enaTb ( flbIXaHMe , npM KOTOpOM afleMCTByiOTCfl MbllHIJbl flMa flblXaHMM > . J parMbi ) npoTMBOBec noBepxHOCTHOMy flbixaHMio rpy^Hoii HenoBexa 3HaHMTenbH0

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3

KMBOTOM

( )

aiojeHT

KneTKOM

B

( 06fl3aTeABHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHHe 3cmedjieHue duxanusi CneflyeT

npoBecm He 6o7ibmyio npaKTMKy

oco3HaHHOCTM, B KOTopoii aKi eHT .nenaeTCH Ha 3HaneHMM MeftneHHoro n rjiy6 oicoro flbixaHMH . IIpoflo/DKaMTe npaKTMKy Ha npoTH >KeHMM O HOM MMHyTbi. rionpocMTe ynaCTHMKOB CHMTaTb BflOX M BblflOX OftHMM IJMK /IOM flblXaHMfl M nOCTapaTbCR 3aMe,n;nMTb TeMn flbixaHMH p;o npMMepHO mecTM flbixaTenbHbix IJMKTIOB B MMHyTy. HanoMHMTe, HTO u;e/ib 3aKmoHaeTCH He B AOCTM CCHMM coBep ^ meHCTBa ( T.e. B o 6n3aTe /ibHOM co6;nofleHMM TeMna mecTM flbixaTenbHbix LJMK 7IOB B MMHyTy) , a B CyiljeCTBeHHOM 3aMe 7ieHMM flbIXaHMH. Bo BpeMB Bfloxa flon >KeH npMno HMMaTbCH >KMBOT, a He rpyn;b. nonpocMTe Ka >Kfloro M3 ynacTHMKOB coo6 mMTb, cKonbKo B OXOB M BbifloxoB OHM c emjm 3a MMHyTy npaKTMKM, a 3aTeM noBTOpMTe ynpa>KHeHMe.

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ypoK 3. AKTMBaunfl

CMCTeMbi

couna /ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM

175

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHMe ypoxa HanpfDKeHua u paccjiadsieHun

HafiuK

•

HaeviK HanpHMeuun u paccna6neHUH : OCO3 HUHHO Hanpmaume u paccna6nxume 6om> uiue apynnu MViiuu, 3TO O,O, MH M3 Haw6onee nonynnpHbix cnoCO6 OB pacoia6/ieHMfl. OH BK /HonaeT nepBOHana;ibHoe HanpnaceHMe Been KOHeHHOcm M KopoTKoe yzjepacaHMe SToro Hanpn >KeHMH c noc/ieflyiomMM pacc/ia6/ieHMeM. B MHTepHeTe MO>KHO HaMTM MHCTpyKijMM no nporpeccMBHOMy paccna6neHpno. YnacTHMKaM c/ie yeT HacTOHTenbHO peKOMeH OBaTb HaMTM KOMMepnecKPie 3anncn , KOTopbie noMoraiOT npoMTM pa3Hbie aTanbi pacc7ia6;ieHiiH. MO>KHO TaK >Ke Mcnonb30BaTb npaKTMKM cKaHMpoBaHMH TenecHbix omymeHMM, KOTopwe MMCIOT MHoro o 6 m,ero c TexHMKaMM nporpeccwBHoro MbimenHoro pacc7ia 6;ieHMfl, noTOMy HTO B O 6 OMX c/iynanx B

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IJEHTPE BHMMaHMH HaXOflMTCH Te/IO.

(AonoAHMTeAbHo) npaKTHHecKoe ynpa>KHeHMe YnpaxcHeHue 3 AA paccAatfAenun MUUIU, IlpoBeflHTe

npaKTMKy nporpeccMBHoro pacc;ia6;ieM flanTe ynacTHMicaM ayflM03anMCM fl /in JIMHHOM

BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH

. 3ammiMTe ee

HM Mbirnii,

npaKTMKM MTIM nonpocMTe MX caMOCTOHTe/ibHO ee 3anncaTb

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coBpeMeHHbix Tene OHOB MMCIOT

K mew MTIM CTIMHM, KynwTb Maccaacep, 3aBopaHMBaTbai B npocTbiHio MTIM nonoTemje ( neneHaHMe ), o 6HMMaTb ce6n pyicaMM, rna MTb co6cTBeHHoe TIMAO MTIM rneio M Aep^caTb 6yTbmoHKy c TennoM BOAOM B03ne >KMBOTa. Jicnonb3oeaHue weeamenbHMX naebiKoe Ham M03r accoAMMpyeT >KeBaHMe M ynoTpe6neHMe IIMIAM c OTABIXOM M nMmeBapeHMeM. IlpM >KeBaHMM 3afleii CTByiOTCH Mbimqbi nwi a, CBH3aHHbie c CMCTCMOM coAManbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM, aKTMBau;pm KOTopbix, cornacHO MCCneAOBaHMHM, yuynmaeT naMiiTb M CHM >KaeT ypoBeHb CTpecca [ Weijenberg Sc Lobbezoo, 2015]. Dioraime IIMIAM ecrecTBeHHMM o6pa30M ycnoKaMBaeT. Kor a nenoBeK AeMCTBMTenbHO paccTpoeH, eMy CHO>KHO r/iOTaTb. IloAyMaMTe, KaicaH nMHja ycnoKaMBaeT nynme Bcero, M AO6aBbTe ee B CBOM paAMOH. }KeBaTenbHafl pe3MHKa STO em,e OAHO cpeACTBO Aim AOCTM^ceHMH Toro >Ke pe3ynbTaTa 6e3 HCO6XOAMMOCTM AeMCTBMTenbHO HTO-TO ecTb. ( BHMMaHMe: npw pa6 oTe c HepBHOM aropeKCMeM cneAyeT peicoMeHAOBaTb ceBaTenbHbie pe3MHKM 6e3 cna6MTenbHbix CBOMCTB.) ;

Mbimij bi /mija

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Mcno7ib3yume 3eyKU dnn ycunenuH omymemui cou,ua7ibHou sau un enHocmu Mbmmbi BHyTpeHHero yxa, KOTopbie noMoraiOT HaM pa 3HMHaTB HenoBenecKyio penb, cBB3aHbi c TCMM ynacncaMM M03ra, KOTopwe OTBenaK)T 3a om,yiAeHPie coAManbHOM 6e3onacHocm. KorAa MW HanyraHbi , Hama cnoco6HOCTb cnbimaTb oKpy^caioiAMX B 6yKBanbHOM CMbicne MCHe3aeT. My3HKa noMoraeT aicraBMpoBaTb Te ynacTKM M03ra, KOTopwe OTBenaiOT 3a peryjiMpoBaHMe SMOAMM . B COCTOHHMM CTpecca cnoKOMHan, MflrKaa My 3bIKa MO>KeT nOMOHb BepHyTb COCTOHHHe COAManbHOM 3aiAMm;eHHOCTM. H 36eraMTe B036y>KAaK)iAeM M pe3KOM My3biKM. ECHM BAM STO HpaBMTca , CTiymaMTe BOKan, noTOMy HTO HenoBenecKMM ronoc TaiOKe o6naAaeT ycno-

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KaMBaiOLAMM B03AeMCTBMeM. Hcno7ib3yume 3pemie dnn ycunenux ow,yw,eHUH cot uajibHou sau uu eH c )OTorpa(J)MM 6HM3KMX, AOMaiiiHMx nio6iiMAeB M /IM Hocmu, paccMaTpwBafl | nio6MMbix new3a )KeM. Bbi MO ceTe aKTMBMpoBaTb cMCTeMy coAwanbHOM 6e3^ onacHOCTM, paccMaTpMBan M3o6 pa ceHMH , accoAMMpyiom;iiecH c TennoM , ^ pacc;ia67ieHMeM, yMMpoTBopeHHOCTbio. 3TO MO^CCT 6 biTb (J) OTorpa(J)MH Apyra, pe6eHKa MHM BHyKa, nio 6MMoro >KMBOTHoro MHM cynpyra / cynpyrM B MecTe, KOTopoe Bbi3MBaeT npuHTHbie BOcnoMMHaHMH . HocMTe c CO 6 OM 4> OTorpacJ)iiM M cMOTpuTe Ha HMX, KorAa McnbiTbiBaeTe CTpax vum Hanpn >KeHMe. CMOTPH Ha HMX, r;iy6oKO AbimMTe M aieAMTe 3a CBOMM COCTOBHMCM.

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YpOK 3. AKTMBaUMfl CMCTeMbl COUkia /lbHOM 6e30 naCH 0CTM 177

(/\onoAHMTeAbHo)IIoAO^eHMe ypoKa

nodaSsienue 3atulumHO - o6opoHumeAbHou peaKV,uu npu UOMOIUJU a Kmu6au,uu dpyzux nepfinux cy6cmpamo6 /

/

nCC/ieflOBaHMfl IIOKa3bIBaK)T, HTO aKTMBaiJMfl aBTOHOMHOM HepBHOM CMCTeMbl (TaKOM, KaK CHC-B036y>KfleHMe M CHC-3amMTbi M flBK-IIHC) npoMcxoflMT no TeM >Ke HepBHbiM nyTHM, HTO M aKTMBauiMH omymeHMH coi nanbHOM 3anj, MmeH HOCTM ( BBK - IIHC, CM. ypoK 2 ) , T.e. OHa MO>KeT no aBTiflTb MHM OTKinonaTb 3a mMTHO-o6opoHMTenbHyio peaKi Mio. BOT flBa npMMepa. 1. Peipxm> muKa unu nednuax eoda na nui e . TecT Ha xo/ioflHoe ,o;aBneHMe Ha no6 ( HanpMMep, noMecime /106 M rna 3a B MMCKy c ne HHOM BOflOM M 3aflep>KMTe AbixaHMe ) no3BonneT aKTMBnpoBaTb pecJmeKC Hbipanbnj MKa M ycn /iHTb BaranbHyio aKTMBHOCTb [ Hughes & Stoney, 2000; Khurana, Watabiki, Hebei Toro, & Nelson, 1980; Linehan, Bohus, & Lynch, 2007]. PecJ)/ieKc Hbipa /ibmnKa noMoraeT 3aMe /iMTb TeMn cepflije6MeHMfl M co3,n;aTb omynjeHMfl 3aMeflneHMn , M noaTOMy Mbi npe nonaraeM, HTO STOT pecjmeKC, CKopee Bcero, aKTHBnpyeT flBK - IIHC ( CM. ypoK 2 ). Ilonb30BaTbCH pec})neKcoM HbipnnbiJUMKa MO>KHO TO/ibKO TeM , KTO He CKHOHCH K npo6/ieMaM c cepflu,eM, a npn KaKMx-;iM 6o npo 6/ieMax c cepfleHHO - cocyflMCTOM CMCTCMOM B npomnoM TO/ibKO c pa3pemeHMH Bpana [ Houk , Smith, & Wolf, 1999; Linehan et al., 2007]. HanpMMep, He CTOMT peKOMeHflOBaTb NIO HM C HepBHOM aHopeKCMen npM6eraTb K pecj)/ieKcy Hbipn /ibu MKa 6e3 npeftBapMTejibHOM KOHCy/IbTai MM C BpaHOM , TaK KaK COrnaCHO MCCTieflOBaHMflM HM3KMM MHfleKC Maccbi Tena ( MMT ) accoLjMMpyeTcn c OpaflMKapflMeii (3aMeA /ieH HHM cep,o;i];e 6MeHMeM ) M pa 36 a /iaHCMpoBaHHOCTbio aneKTponMTOB, HTO MO ^ceT cKa3aTbCH Ha sflopoBbe cepfli a. 2. MtimeHcuenax Haepy3 Ka HHTeHCMBHan 4>M3MHecKafl Harpy3Ka ( HanpMMep, npMceflaHMH M /IM 6er ) Bbi3bmaeT npMHTHbie 3MOU,MM ( nacTb M03ra, OTBena loman 3a BoenpMHTMe npMHTHoro B036y>KfleHMH MHM yflOBO/ibCTBMfl ) M noflaBTLHeT 3am; MTHO -o6 opOHMTe7IbHyK) SMOl MOHanbHyiO CMCTeMy. B U,enOM ( )M3MHeCKyiO Harpy3Ky He CTOMT peKOMeHflOBaTb MHflMBMflaM C HM3KOM MacJ COM Tena ( HanpMMep, B c/iynae HepBHOM aHopeKCMM ).

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178 f/iaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO A (IT nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. HeoGxoflUMO noHMMaTb, MTO aKTi/iBauMH cwvmaTMnecKOM HepBHOM cucTeMbi, 6yflb TO o>KM,qaHMe yrpo3 bi MJIM npeflBKyiueHMe B03Harpa >KfleHMB, noflaB/iaeT pa 6oiy cMcreMbi coMnanbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM, onocpeflOBaHHOM BBK-nHC, KOTopaa accopi/n/ipyeTca c yaoB/ieTBopem/ieM u we/iaHneM oGu aTbCB. TaK, npi/i a KTi/iBa 141/11/1 CHC (HeraTMBHoti MJIH no3MTMBHOi/i) Mbi TepaeM CnOCo6HOCTb 3MnaTMMeCKM BOCnpUHMMaTb COLJI/ia/lbHbie Cl/imajlbl OKpy>KaK) lMMX I/I i/icKpeHHe Bbipa >KaTb roTOBHocTb K coTpyflHMMecTBy, MTO npoBB/iBeTCB B Hecnoco6HOCTl/1 nOHl/lMaTb Bblpa>KeHMB J1I/1L4 OKpy>KaK) lHMX, MOHOTOHHOCTM TOJlOCa, CHM>KeHI/lfl cnoco6Hoc BocnpuHMMaTb Me^ OBeMecKyio peMb i/i Bbipa >KaTb co 6cTBeHHbie MyBCTBa (CM. ypoK 2) [ Porges, 2003].

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YpoK 3. /\ oManiHee 3aAamie 3.A, “AKTMBaijMH CMCTCMW coijMajibHOM 1. (06H3 ibHo) Pa6 aTe/

oHHH TIMCT

6e3onacHocm” 2. (flononHMTenbHo) Co3flaTb co6cTBeHHyio niKaTy7iKy npiiHTHbix MOMCHTOB TpeHepy cne yeT npeflno>KHTb ynacTHMKaM TBopnecKM OTHecTMCb K C03flaHMK) Co 6cTBeHHOM UIKaTyTIKM IlpMHTHblX MOMeHTOB, KOTOpaH 6yfleT cnoco6 cTBOBaTb co3,n;aHnio omynjeHMa coijMa /ibHOM 3amnmeHHOcm. Ee

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A^naTb nocTeneHHO, no Mepe noflB/ieHHH HOBBIX n en BO BpeMH flOManiHnx 3 aflaHnn npe,n;/io>KMTe ynacTHMKaM noAejiMTbcn co ep^KPiMbiM STOW iuxaTy/ncw c JIHHHMM TepaneBTOM.

MO>KHO

.

BbinonHeHMH

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3. (flono/iHMTe/ibHo) npMHecTM Ha cjiejjyiomee 3 aHBTne ycrpoMCTBo RJin 3anncn aynMO. ripefl/io>KHTe ynacTHMKaM npMHecTM Ha c/ie yiomee 3 aHBTwe

necJ OHOM )

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ycTponcTBo flna 3 anncM 3Byxa MTIM Bocno/ib30BaTbCfl Mo 6MnbHbiM Te-

^nn /no6flmeM flo6poTM, KOTopyio BW 6y^eTe

3 anncn MeflMTai

npaKTMKOBaTb Ha cneflyiomeH Helene.

ypoK 3. AKTMBaun CMCTeMbi couna /ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM 179 ^

PaflUKa ^ bHaji oTKpbiTocib. Pa 3flaTOHHbiPi MaTepna /1 3.1 M 3MeHeHne coukicuibHoro B 3anMOflePicTBHJi nocpefldBOM H 3MeHeHMfl

•

B opraHM3Me nenoBeica ecTb cneijMa /ibHbie CMCTeMbi, OTBenaiomMe 3a BOCnpMHTMe CTeneHM coujManbHOM 6e3onacHocm. 3TM CMCTCMM cnoco6 cTByK)T ycnoKoeHMio M

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•

cj) M 3MOJiorkin

paccna6neHMio.

Y Hac Taioice ecTb ftpyran CMCTeMa, OTBenaiomafl 3a pery/unjMio 3ain, MTHO-o6opoHMTe/ibHoii peaicijMM M 3a B036y>K /]IeHMe. 3Ta CMCTeMa cnoco6cTByeT COCTOflHMIO 6 oeBOM TOTOBHOCTM M B 036 y >KfleHMK> . IIpil aKTMBaiJJlM CMCTeMbi COIJMa /IbHOM 6e30 naCH0 CTM MbI OIU, yHJ,aeM OTKpbiTOCTb, rM6 KOCTb M pacc;ia 6;ieHMe; Mbi c roTOBHOCTbio Mcc/ieflyeM MMp BOKpyr ce6n, MrpaeM M o6maeMcn. 3TO Harne flpy^Ke/iK Hoe COCTOHHMC. Kor a aKTMBMpoBaHa CMCTeMa coijMa /ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM, 3amMTHo-o6o^ poHMTenbHan CMCTeMa Haxo MTCH B noflaB/ieHHOM COCTOHHMM. Mbi He MO>KeM OAHOBpeMeHHo nyBCTBOBaTb 3/iocTb M paccna6neHMe, CTpax M yflOBneTBopeHMe, BoexMmeHMe M cnoKOMCTBMe. Xopomafl HOBOCTb 3aK 7IK)HaeTOI B TOM, HTO, MOIblTblBafl CTpeCC M7IM TpeBory, Mbi MO>KeM aKTMBMpoBaTb couiManbHyK) CMCTeMy, M Hama CMCTeMa pearnpOBaHMii Ha onacHOCTM OTK /iiOHaeTCfl npn noMom,M onpefleneHHbix AeMCTBMM, KOTOpbie aCCOI MMpyiOTCH C 6e30 naCH0CTbK>. Tax, HaM He CTOMT nbiTaTbcn M36aBMTboi OT TpeBomiocTM npn noMomw Mbicneu, HO MM Mo ceM 3TO cfle/iaTb npn noMomM deucmeuu. ^ IIoaTOMy, ecnM BM xoTMTe McnbiTbiBaTb MeHbme Hanpn >KeHMH, 3acraBbTe Te/io pa6 oTaTb!

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npaKTMKyfiTe CAeAyiomne HaBbiKM • Mcnom?3yume “Bonbuiyw mpouny + 1”. OTKMHbTecb Ha CTy/ie , c e/iaMTe

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rny6oKMM Me neHHbiM Bflox, MHITCO y/ibi6 HMTecb M cnerica npMno HMMMTe ^ 6pOBM. Anmueno MecmuKynupyume pyKamu c omKpmmbiMu 7iadoHXMu, BMCCTO TOTO HTO 6M flepacaTb pyKM 6nM >xe K Te /iy.

• JHeueaume Mvnuu,aMU nui a. Earn Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe CTpax M /IM Hanpn>Ke^ HMe, Mbimu, bi /iMija 3acTbiBaK T, M MM TepneM cnoco6HOCTb Bbipa caTb pa3^ )

npn noMomM TiMija. Oco3HaHHO ftBMraA MbimijaMM , 7iMii; a MM nocbinaeM cnrHanbi 6e3onacHOCTM B M03r. flBM >KeHMA MMIHIJ TiMija coo 6 in, aK) T: AOTDKHO 6 biTb, H B 6 e3onacHOCTM , Be,n; b A He nbiTaiocb Hbie 3MOU;MM M nyBCTBa

180 FTiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

floMa MUM B flpyroM MecTe, KorAa BBI 6yAeTe B , noTpeHMpyiiTecb nepeA 3epKanoM HanpnraTb, paccna6nHTb oflMHOHecTBe . IIocTpoHTe pa3Hbie po)KMi bi. flBMraii Mbiinijbi UMijeBbie M pacTHrwBaTb Te 6poBHMM BBepx M BHM3, CBe MTe T 7ia3a BMecTe, co CMMTe ry6 bi, a 3aTeM ^ paCTHHMTe MX KaK MO>KHO HIMpe, BbITflHMTe KaK MO>KHO CMUbHee H3bIK , a

CKpbiBaTb CBOM nyBCTBa”

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^

3aTeM IlO HMMMTe BbICOKO

. 3a>^KMypbTecb KaK

)KeTe

6pOBM M paCTHHMTe Bee MbllUL bl, KOTOpbie CMO-

^

MO>KHO CMiibHee M M30 Bcex CMTI HanpnrMTe Bee

OTnycTMTe HanpH )KeHMe. Ha M imMTe pa 3Hbie imijeBbie Mbimu; bi M npoBepbTe, CKOUBKO M3 HMX Bbi CMO CeTe OIAyTMTb! riOBTOpHMTe 3TO npM Ka C OM B03M0>KH0CTM ^ Ha npOTH KeHMM AHH. ^ KaKMe TonbKo CMO>xeTe, M

Mbiumbi, ^ npnraMTe paccna6

HMi eBbie

^

^

•

•

Co3 Hame7ibHO dmiuume eny6we u Mednetwee, denaume dminubie, MednenHbie ebidoxu . HaMepeHHO flenaMTe BBIAOXM flnMHHee npMBbiHHbix. 3aMeA TIHMTe TeMn AbIXaHMfl AO HieCTM ABIXaTenbHbIX UiMKTIOB B MMHyTy. Bo BpeMfl Bfloxa (J)OKycMpyMTecb Ha pacTnxceHMM MMHIIJ; >KMBOTa, a He rpyAHOM KUCTKM. Co3 Hamem> Ho nanpmaume u paccna67mume Kpynubie epynnm MWIUU,. HanMHaMTe c nanbijeB Ha Horax M CTynHeM, 3aTeM nepexoAMTe K HoraM M K TiMijeBbiM Mbimi aM. HanpnrMTe Ka Topcy, pyxaMM M mee, a B KOHije >KAyio rpynny Mbiniu;, yAep>KMBaMTe HanpjDKeHMe HecKO/ibKO MrHOBeHMM, a 3aTeM MCATICHHO OTnycTMTe Hanpn >KeHMe M o6 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha pa3-

—

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HMijy B oiAymeHMHx

•

Hcnonb3yume npuKOCHoeenue, cunbuoe Hawamuey Maccanc u o6bxntbx . KacaiiTecb MnrKMx npeAMeTOB MUM o6HMMaMTe MX ( nyniMCTbix AOMauiHMx )KMBOTHMX, M rKMe MrpyuiKM, noAyniKM ) ; Mnnco norna >KMBaMTe UMIJO M ^ rneio; MaccMpynTe Mbimijbi nMija, BOHOCMCTOM nacTM ronoBbi M meM. Han -

np^ MO noA 6 poBHMM B BepxHeM nacTM rna 3HMA M Ha^cMMTe 6onbiHMMM nanbi aMM Ha Hee no HanpaBTieHMio BBepx, a 3aTeM npocneAMTe 3a CBOMMM OmymeHMHMM. 3aBepHMTeCb n /IOTHO B npOCTbIHK) MTIM B 6o;ibiiioe nonoTeHije ( cneneHaMTe ce6n ). nono>KMTe He6onbinoM TH >xeiibiM MemoneK c 6o6aMM MTIM necKOM Ha no6 M 6eApa M npocneAMTe 3a CBOM MM omymeHMHMM. 06HMMMTC ce6n pyxaMM Tax, HTO6M naAOHM AOcraBaTIM AO cnMHbi, a 3aTeM HanHMTe MeAneHHO pacKanMBaTbcn BnepeA - Ha 3aA. IIornaAbTe >KMBOT no nacoBOM CTpenKe. 3aBepHMTe 6yTbiTionKy c ropnneM BOAOM B nonoTem e, nmre Ha non M nono>KMTe noAyniKy noA Ka >KAoe KOneHO, a 6yTbinoHKy c ropnneM BOAOM Ha >KMBOT M cneAMTe 3a CBOMMM , . Mnnco HO C omymeHMHMM ycMimeM HaAaBMTe Ha npocTpaHCTBO Me>KAy 6onbniMM M yKa3aTenbHMM nanbijaMM M npocneAMTe 3a CBOMMM omymeHM AMM. KynMTe Maccaxcep MHM Kpecno AHH Macca ca. npMMMTe Tennyio BaHHy ^ MTIM Aym, CAenaMTe Macca c cnMHbi M meM ropnnMMM CTpyHMM Aynia. ECTIM ^ AMTe TOHKy

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ypOK 3. AKTMBaUMfl CMCTeMbl COUMa/lbHOM 6e30 naCH 0CTM

181

y Bac ecTb napTHep nnn APYR, c KOTopbiM BM MonceTe npaKTHKOBaTbcn , no npocMTe cflenaTb BaM Maccanc men nnn crynHen , nonpocnTe o6 HHTb Bac H KpenKO OKaTb, no B 03MO>KHOCTH npaKTMKyMTe o 6rbHTHH Ka Cflbin A Hb . ^ ^ Jlflrre Ha non n no3BonbTe BameMy HanapHmcy Mnnco AepncaTb Bainy rono By B naAOHHx, 3aTeM noTpnTe nanbijaMn Tonicy npnMo HaA nepeHOcmjen B Menc6poBnn . SKcnepnMeHTnpyMTe c TaKTnnbHbiMn omymeHHHMn OTHOCMTeCb K 3TOMy TBOpHeCKH M

•

npaKTHKyHTe Ka)KAbIM fleHb.

^ . ^AencTBnnM. Hamnnmn c OTAMXOM n nnm. -

Mcnonb306 anue xceeaHUH u ynompe6neHusi nuu u Kor a eM TpeBory, Teno HanpnraeTcn

n

n ynoTpe 6neHne peHneM. ripn >KeBaHnn 3aflencTByioTCH Mbimi

M03r accouinnpyeT >KeBaHne

Mbi ncnbiTbraa

roTOBHTcn K aKTHBHbiM

eBa

bi nnija, CBH 3aHHbie

c cncTe-

^ ecTecTBeHHbiM o6pa30M 6e3onacHOcrn . DiOTaHne nnmn ycnoKanBaeT; KorAa nenoBeic AencTBHTenbHo paccTpoeH, eMy cnoncHO rnoMOH coijMa /ibHon

. IIoflyMaMTe, Kaican nnma ycnoxanBaeT nymiie Bcero (HanpnMep, MO-

TaTb

nnn neneHbe), n Ao6aBbTe ee B CBOH paijnoH. HocnTe c co6on >KBanKM, caxapa, cnaflOCTM win aHepreTnnecKne 6aTOHHHKn. BMeCTO Toro HTO 6 M orpaHMHMBaTb noTpe 6neHne nnmn npn CTpecce, HanHHTe HTO-TO >KeBaTb M ABHraTb COOTBeTCTByiOIAMMn nm eBblMM MbimU, aMM. • Cnyx: my3UKa u nenoeenecKuu aonoc. Earn BM ncnbiTMBaeTe CTpecc, Ann aKTMBan;HH Bamen coijnanbHon cncTeMbi 6e3onacHOCTH nocnymaiiTe ycnoKanBaioiAyK) My3biKy n / nnn 3anncb nenoBenecKoro ronoca , KOTopbin KanceTcn BaM ycnoKanBaioiAHM . H 36 eranTe B036yncAaK) iiiien , HepnTMnn noico

He coAep>Kaiij;Me

^

n BonHyiomen My3biKn . 3 penue: ( fiomoapacfjuu 6nu3 Kux, doMaiunux moduMi ee unu jiwduMbix neu3axceu. Bbi MonceTe aKTMBnpoBaTb cncTeMy coijnanbHon 6e3onacHOCTM , paccMaTpnBan n 3o6 panxeT 6biTb OTorpa nn Apyra, pe6eHKa nnn BHyxa, mo6nMoro ncnBOTHoro nnn cynpyra / cynpyrn B MecTe, KOTOpoe BbI3bIBaeT npMHTHbie BOCnOMHHaHMH . HoenTe C Co6on 4> OTOrpa 4>MM n CMOTpnTe Ha HHX, KorAa ncnbiTMBaeTe cTpax nnn HanpnnceHne. Dm An Ha HHX, rny6oKo AMuinTe n cneAHTe 3a CBOHM cocTOHHneM.

Hon

•

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182

QiaBa

5.

n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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MjirKan yjibi 6 iKeT IIpMBeCTM K COU, ManbHOMy OCTpaKM3My.

2. ynynniMTb

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3.

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184 f/iaBa 5.11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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^ flTIH npaKTMKM .

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>KMIi; bl ” . PlHTeHCMBHOCTb nocne

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TeMn

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HaMepeHHO HanpnraTb M paccna6 jiHTb KpynHbie rpynnw Mbimii,. . MHTeHCMBHOCTb nocne

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OiymaTb ycnoicaiiBaiomyio My3biKy u ycnoicaMBaiomMe ronoca. MHTeHCMBHOCTb flO

. PlHTeHCMBHOCTb TLOCJie

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^ ^

nPI/IMEHAHUE flJlfl TPEHEPA. B paMKax TpeHMHra HaBbiKOB PO flllT MeflmaMMB n \o6 nu\ev\ floOpoTbi (MJlfl) Macro BB/iBeTCB noBTopem/ieM ywe npoMfleHHoro MaTepna /ia, TaK KaK OHa BXOAMT B nporpaMMy MHflMBMflya /ibHOM Tepannn PO flllT (;iymue Bcero BBOflMTb 3Ty KOHMenuMK) npuMepHO Ha ceflbMOM ceaHce TepariMM. 3 JO no3BO/lBeT npoBB/iBTb onpeflejieHHyio m6KOCTb B npoLjecce oOyMeHMH. Hanpwviep, eau/i Bee ynacTHHKH rpynnbi ywe npaKTMKyiOT MJlfl, MHcrpyKTop MO>KeT KpaTKO noBTOpmb ocHOBHbie npMHLjMnbi npaKTi/iKM MJlfl, a 3aieM 3aH«TbCB peiueHMeM npo6/ieM, C KOTOpbIMH MOryT CTa/lKMBaTbCfl yMaCTHMKM, npMMeHHfl MJlfl B CBOeM >KM 3HM. EcJll/1 Ha 3aHBTMM ociaeTCB BpeMB, TpeHepy cnepyei paccnpocmb yMacTHMKOB 06 ncno/ib30BaHHM HaBbiKOB PO flfTT B Lje/IOM 1/1 nOMOHb peLLJHTb B03HMKai0LMMe npo6 eMbl, ^ 3aflaTb /uo 6bie Bonpocw o npoMfleHHOM paHee MaTepna/ie, Bbino/iHi/iTb oflHO m flono/iHHTe/ibHbix npaKTMMecKi/ix ynpa>KHeHHM I/I/IM npoMTM c ynacTHHKaMM flpyroM flono/iHMTe/ibHbiM MaTepna /i, KOTopbm He 6bin pacKpbiT paHee.

OcHOBHbie noAO>KeHna ypoica 4 1. MJlfl Heo6xo,niMMa ,0,/IH Bbipa6oTKM npnBMHKM co3,o;aBaTb HacrpoeHne, aK TMBMpyiomee Ty o6nacTb ronoBHoro M03ra, KOTopan OTBenaeT 3 a omyme-

Hwe cou;na/ibHon 3 amnmeHH0CTM. 2. B PO flllT npaKTMKy MJlfl Heo 6xo,n;nMO npoBOflMTb nepe,n; o6meHneM (co rnacHO HamnM flaHHWM 3(JxJ) eKT OT aKTMBaijnn cncTeMbi coijnanbHon 6 e3 onacHOCTM RJIMTCH OT 20 MMH. ,0,0 4 H).

3. Ba>KHO IIOMHMTb, HTO TTiaBHOM IjeTIbK) npaKTMKM MJIfl B PO flOT BB/IfleTCfl He ynynmeHMe OIOCOOHOCTM nponB/mTb /no 6 oBb MTIM o6poTy no OTHOine HMK) K ce 6e MTIM OKpy>KaiOmMM , a OCTM CeHMe TOTO COCTOBHMH , KOTOpoe ^ accoijMnpyeTCfl c omymeHMeM yflOB /ieTBopeHnn , nio6 o3HaTenbHocTM M >Ke -

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o6 nj; aTbCH npn noMonjn aKTMBaijnn Tex o6;iacTen ronoBHoro M03ra, KOTopwe cBH 3aHbi c omynjeHneM coijna /ibHOM 3amnm;eHH0 CTM .

naHMH

ypOK 4. flOBblLlieHMe ypOBHfl OTKpbITOCTM M KaHeCTBB Me>K/lMHHOCTHblX OTHOLLJeHMM ...

187

4. npaKTMKa

MJlfl B PO flnT OT/iMHaeTcn OT flpyrnx noflo 6Hbix npaKTMK. Tax KaK Run. MHOTMX K /nieHTOB c IK fla^ce caMa Mbic/ib o TOM , HTO6W BM pa>KaTb Ten /io, flo6 poTy n /no6oBb no OTHomeHnio K ce6 e, npeACTaB/meTcn C/IO>KHOH M /IM a>Ke BecbMa yupynaiomen, npaKTMKa MJlfl B PO flnT BKTnonaeT TOTibKO Tpn niara: 1) co3,n;aHne omymeHMH Ten /ia / /no6Bn /flo6po-

^

TH; 2 ) pacnpocTpaHemie OTOTO omymeHMH Ha TOTO, no oTHomeHnio K KOMy

KnneHT

y>Ke

npoaB/meT 3a6oTy;

Ha HenTpa /ibHoro

n 3)

pacnpocTpaHeHne 3Toro omymeHH /i

ne/iOBeKa.

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi PasflaTOHHbin MaTepna /i 4.1, “CxpunT MJIfl” (flono/iHjrre/ibHo) Pa3flaTOHHbin MaTepna /i 4.2, “ OcHOBHbie no/io>KeHnfl 4. rioBbimeHne ypoBHH OTKPMTOCTH n KanecTBa Me>K 7niHHOCTHbix npw noMomn MJIfl” Pa6oHnn HMCT 4. A, “E>KeflHeBHafl npaKTMKa MJIfl” I ncj/ poBoe ayflnosanncbiBaiomee ycTponcTBo. B n ,n;ea/ibHOM c/iynae Ka^cflbin 3ByK03a ynacTHMK AO/DKCH npuHecm c co6on KaKoe - /in6o ycTponcTBO nncn ( HanpwMep, Mo6n /ibHbin Tenec |)OH ), HTo6bi 3anncaTb ro/ioc HHCTpyK -

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K /lMeHTbl C

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-

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. MHOrMX

MO>KeT

c6 MBaTb

C TO/1 Ky TOT

4>aKT,

MTO

M /lfl

6yflAHCTCKoe npoMCxowfleHMe, M OHM MoryT pewMTb, HTO MX npM 3biBa »OT MCnoBeflOBaTb onpefle/ieHHbie pe/iMrM 03Hbie B3mflflbi M /IM 3aHMMaTbca CBoei/i flyxoBHOCTbK). TpeHepy c/ieflyeT HanoMMHaTb ynacTHMKaM, HTO ocHOBHaa 3aflana npaKTMKM Milfl B PO flnT 3TO CHM>KeHMe CTeneHM 3aL14 MTHO-o6opOHMTeJlbHOM peaKLjMM CHC npM noMoiMM co3flaHMB xopomero HacrpoeHMB, KOTopoe cB«3aHO c omymeHMeM coPMa /lbHOM 3aiAMlAeHH 0CTM. MMeeT

—

(06n3aTeAbHo) noAO>KeHne ypoxa MedumaUjUfi Aw6 fuu eu dotipomu ( MA\ / )

,

•

— amo cnoco6

dodpoeo u no3 umusH 020 uacmpoeHux , odmemix . CornacHO ncc/iefloBaHMHM , MJIfl cnoco6cTByeT ycnneHHio omymeHiui TennoTbi n 3a6oTbi KaK o ce 6e, TaK n 06 OKpy>Kaioii], HX [ Hofmann, Grossman, & Hinton, 2011;

MJIff

a

ycunenusi

maiotce ynymuemiH MCMCJiunHocttiHOZO

188 Vnasa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT

Salzberg, 1995]. npaKTMKa /no6flmeM ,n;o 6poTbi cnoco6cTByeT c,o;BMry K e>KeAHeBHOMy nepe^cMBaHMio mwpoKoro cneKTpa no3MTMBHbix SMOLJMM, BKTIIO naa nio6oBb, pa ocTb, 6naroAapHocTb, omymeHMe yflOBneTBopeHMH, Ha ^ AOKflbi, ropAOcm, 3aMHTepecoBaHHOCTM, BecenocTM M BOCXMiijeHMfl. MTIfl noMoraeT CHM CCHMIO 6o/ieBbix omymeHMM, 3/IOCTM M ncMxo /iorMnecKoro ^ MCTpecca y npaKTMKyiomMx [ Carson et al., 2005] . Ilo3MTMBHbie CABMTM ^MORYT B03HMKHyTb ,n;a>Ke y ynacTHMKOB 6e3 npeflBapMTenbHoro onwTa BCEro 3a HecKonbKO MMHyT npaKTMKM. CornacHo MCcne OBaHMAM KopoTKan npaKTMKa MJIfl ( OKO/IO 7 MMH.) cnoco6 cTByeT noHBneHMio no3MTMBHoro HacTpOH M ynyHineHMK) KanecTBa Me>KnMHHOCTHoro o6 meHMfl [ Hutcherson, Seppala, & Gross, 2008].

^

•

IIpaKTMKa MJlfl B PO Jim HanpaB/ieHa Ha aKTMBaijMio HeMpo6MO /iorMHeCKOM CMCTeMbi counaTibHOM 6 e3 onacHOCTM ( BBK - nHC, CM. ypoK 2). J\ jm ynyqmeHMH oTHomeHMM MH MBMflaM c TK Heo 6xo MMO M3MeHeHMe ncM^ ^ xonorMHecKoro HacTpon nepefl o 6in;eHMeM. Il,e/ib COCTOMT B Bbipa6 oTKe HOBOM npMBMHKM Bbi3HBaTb onpefleneHHoe cocTOHHMe nepe# o 6meHMeM. MMHM-npaKTMKa MOMCCT 3 aHMMaTb 4 MMH. MTIM MeHee M MOMCCT 3 aKnioHaTb Cfl Bcero TIMHIb B nOBTOpeHMM HeCKOHbKMX (J)pa3, KOTOpbie BbI3bIBaiOT otu;ymeHMe 3 amMmeHHOCTM, Ao 6pOTbI M TennOTbl C MflTKOM y;ibl6KOM M 3 aMeA neHHblM

.

flbIXaHMeM

• fla^ce He3HaHMTenbHoro omymeHMH TIK 6BM, TennoTbi, flo 6poTbi M HOKHO)

6yo;eT flocTaTOHHO RJIB Havana STOM pa6oTbi. VLcaiep,OBaHMH no3BO7LBIOT npeflnonOMCMTb, HTO nOCTOHHHafl npaKTMKa npMBOflMT K pa3BMTMK) cnoco6HOCTM nerne Bbi3bmaTb HyMCHoe COCTOHHMC [ Carson et al , 2005] . CTM

.

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190 f/iaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

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S CnpocnTe: Kcucue oiuyu enm y eac eo3 HUKnu eo epeux npatcmuKU ? S CnpocnTe: BO3 HUKJIU nu y eac cnoncnocmu c mem, nmo6u ecnoMuumb

^

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^

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^

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ypOK 4. riOBbllUeHMe ypOBHfl OTKpblTOCTU M KaneCTBa Me>K/l MHHOCTHbix OTHOLUeHMM... 191

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HomeHMH K

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192 Vnasa 5.

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Me neHHO

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^

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ypoK 4. noBbiiueHMe ypoBHH ompbuocTM M KanecTBa Me>xnMHHOCTHbix omoLueHHM... 193

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—

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Tennwe nyBCTBa.

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CR B cepAije, TpaHCTiMpyMTe

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^

ero cepflije.

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^

^

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IlycTb y Hero Bee 6yn;eT xopomo. CR Bbl

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IlycTb pa ocTb Hano/iHaeT ero cep ije. ^ ^ riycTb y Hero Bee 6y,qeT xoporno. C omymeHneM

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•

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226 DiaBa 5. njiaHbi ypoKOB PO a « Hanepefl. ^ noo6ni aMTecb 6e .

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ypoK 5. AKTMBHoe npwvieHeHMe HOBbix 4>opM noBefleHM 229 ^

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230 DiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

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ypoK 5. AKTMBHoe

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232 DiaBa 5.11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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ypoK 5. AKTMBHoe

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234 f /iaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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KaK nyBCTBa npwxoAHT HaM Ha noMon b

^

OcHOBHbie noAOJKeHMH ypoica 6 1. HMCTan nomKa OBMHHO He pa6oTaeT, Kor a penb 3axo£MT 06 OTHomeHMHx

^

MOKfly 7IK),ZJbMM M 7IM 6 bICTpOM npMHHTMM peilieHMM.

2. MHOrMM

J

M3 Hac CBOMCTBeHHO npMflep>KHBaTbCH MM ( ) OB O HyBCTBaX, KO

Topwe flenaiOT Harny peaKLjMio Ha

oxpy^aiomMM

Mwp

-

ABOMCTBCHHOM. He

-

J

CTOMT COMHeBaTbCH B MCTMHHOCTM 3TMX MM ( ) OB M7IM nbITaTbCH OT HMX M3

6aBMTbCH, /iynme yHMTbCH Ha HMX C noMombio caMOMCC/ieflOBaHMH. Tax BW CMO ceTe /iynnie MX noHHTb, HO STO COBCCM He 03HanaeT, HTO 3TM MM ( j)bi ^ o6H3aTe/ibHO HenpaBM/ibHbie, n /ioxMe M /IM flwc yHKi MOHanbHbie. ^ 3. HyBCTBa cymecTByiOT He 6e3 npMHMHbi. Y HMX ecTb neTbipe ocHOBHbie 4>yHK-

^

U;MM, MTIM npeAHa3HaneHMH: OHM noMoraiOT B npMHHTMM

pemeHMM, MOTM-

fleiicTBMH, HBTDHOTGH Bbipa>KeHMeM HauiMx BHyTpeHHMX nepe^cMBaHMM M CMrHa /iM3MpyK)T o HaniMx nyBCTBax OKpy>KaiOH MM, a TaioKe CnOCo6cTByK)T KeHMH ypoxa 6. Kax nyBCTBa npMxoflHT HaM Ha noMOiij, b” Pa6oHMM 7IMCT 6.A, MM 4> W TMnepKOHTpOTIH O HyBCTBax” Pa6oHMM TIMCT 6.B, “06o3HaneHMe nyBCTB npn noMonjM HepBHbix cy6cTpaTOB ’ MenoBan flocna M Men M /IM MapKepHan flocna M MapKepbi 5

238 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flm

( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) IlpaKTMKa 0 C03HaHH 0CTM CoSAadanue c ny6 cm(SaMU IIonpocMTe ynacTHHKOB npo ce6n Bbi6 paTb HMCTIO OT o Horo AO FLECBTM. 3a“ coB/iaflaHMio c HyBCTBaMw ”, Ha3HanaH 3MOU; HM n nyscTBa RJISI Kaacftoro HMCJia ( HanpMMep, “Earn BW Bw6panM HMCTIO 1, TO BW McnwTW BaeTe yHMnceHMe; earn BBI Bbi 6panM HMCTIO 2, TO BBI McnwTbiBaeTe CTpax; earn Bbl Bbl 6 pa M HMC7IO 3, TO Bbi MCIIbITbIBaeTe 3aBMCTb; eCTIM Bbi Bbl 6 paTIM HMC7IO 4, ^ TO Bbi MCIIbITbIBaeTe paflOCTb; eCTIM Bbi Bbl 6 pa M HMC7IO 5, TO Bbi MCnblTblBa ^ eTe BMHy; earn BW Bw6pa;iM HMCTIO 6, TO BW McnwTbiBaeTe 3nocTb; earn BW Bbl6 pa /IM HMC7IO 7, TO Bbi MCIIbITbIBaeTe TIK)6 oBb; eC /IM Bbi Bbl 6 paTIM HMC 7IO 8, BW McnwTbiBaeTe npe3peHMe; ecnM BW Bbi6panM HMCTIO 9, TO BW McnwTbiBaeTe peBHOCTb; ecnM BW Bw 6panM HMCTIO 10, TO BW McnwTbiBaeTe yzjOBneTBOpeHMe ) . IIoc;ie 3Toro npoMHCTpyKTMpyMTe ynacraMKOB noBTopBTb npo ce6n Ha3BaHMe

^

TeM npMCTynwTe K

CBoeii 3MOLJMM MTiM nyBCTBa M nonbiTaTbCB Bbi3BaTb cooTBeTCTByiomee COCTOB HMe. nonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB oco3HaHHO HaOmo aTb 3a TenecHWMM omynjeHM -

^

BM, MbICTIBMM , BOCnOMMHaHMBMM M 3MOIJMBMM, KOTOpbie B03HMKai0T

BpeMB 3TOM npaKTMKM, M BHMMaTenbHO 3aMeHMTb COCTOBHMe: 3aBMCTbK)

no

cne

^

y HMX BO

MTb 3a B03HMKaioiiiiMM >KenaHMeM

TOMy, KOMy flOCTanaCb BKHeHMe Mu( pu zunepKoumpoAfi o ny6cm6ax IIpeflTIOHCMTe ynaCTHHKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH C pa6oHMM 7IMCTOM 6.A, KeT cnpocMTb: Heuy me6x moncem naynumb amom MU ( fi ? Hmo amom Mu KHeHMH c ApyrMMM ynacTHMKaMM

.

cneAyeT Mcno;ib30BaTb ATIH OKCAHCBHOM npaKTMKM caMOMCCJieAOBaHMfl Te sonpocbi, Koxopwe OHM HaumM HaM6onee none3HbiMM,

YnacTHMKaM

M 3anMCbiBaTb CBOM Ha6moAeHMH B

>KypHa /i caMOMCCTieAOBaHMH.

240 DiaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

( 06n3aTeAbHo ) 06yneHMe HyScmSa So3 HUKawm ne 6e3 npununu IIpeflJioHCJfTe ynacTHUKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH c pa3

^ “HyBCTBa B03HMKai0T He 6e3 npMHMHbl” S CnpocMTe: Hmo xopovueeo e nyecmeax? Kax •

•

aTOHHbiM

6 bi

MaTepnanoM 6.1,

dyMaeme,

3cmeM

onu

HdM HyWHbl ? Mnoeue modu npedcmaennwtn ce6e udeam> Hyw MU 3 Hb npaKtnunecKU 6e33 AiouiuoHam> Hou, e xomopou peiueHux nptiHUMawmai, ucxodx UCKJIW HumenbHO U 3 noeunecKoeo O6OCHO6UHUH . S CnpocMTe: HacKonbKO eu deucmeumenbuo CHumaeme maKyw MU 3 Hb udeanbHOu? coManeHUWy Hucman noeuica O6 MHHO ne nomoeaetn maM , zde deno xaK caemcH omHotuenuu Mewdy nrodbMU unu Heo6xoduMocmu npunuMamb 6bicmpme peuienuH HanpwMep, earn 6BI MM no/iaranMCb MCK /noHirreTibHo

.

Ha CBOM noniHecKM OIOCO6HOCTM Bbmmcneimn B OTHomeHMM BepoHTHOCTM

6 MTB C6MTMMM 6bicTpo eflyuj;MM aBTo6ycoM, nepefl TeM KaK ywTM c ero floporw , CKopee Bcero, MM He AOXCHHH 6 M JJO ceroflHHiimero AHA . Kor a fleno floxo MT flo npMHHTMH pemeHM fi o cKopocTM eflymMx aBTo6ycoB, na aioIH;MX o6 beKTOB, npofla>Ke MTIM noKymce aiojMM, nonaflaHMH B aBapwio, nona pacneTbi 6ynyT OKOHHCHM, Hama ynacTb, CKopee Bcero, 6yfteT y>xe npe# pemeHa.

^

^

.

^

( 06a3aTeAbHo ) McTopwa M o6 cy >KAeHMe “ AozuHHan poManmuKa” IIpoHMTaMTe scjiyx cneffyiomyio MCTopmo.

>KMJI fla 6bui oneHb jiorMHHbiM ne/iOBeK, KOTOPMM pewM /i, HTO 6yqeT no/ie3. TaK KaK y Hero He 6 bi/io 3HaHMTenbHoro onbua B 3TOM o6/iacTM,

HO >KeHmbCB

OH pewM /i HanaTb

c cocraB/ieHMB cnMCKa

Han 6oBee BawHbix, c

ero TOHKM 3pe-

-

HM , KanecTB cynpyrH , HanpiiMep HecmocTb, Tpyflo/iK)6 Me, OTcyTCTBMe Bpefl HblX npMBbIHeK, nopflflOHHOCTb, JlK)60 Bb K fl /lMTe/lbHblM npory/lKaM, 3flOpOBbie

. . 3aTeM OH cra /i MCKaTb Mflea /ibHyio cynpyry. Cnycra KaKoe-To Bpeo6 Hapy >KM /i weHiuMHy, KOTopan OTBeMa /ia BceM ero KpmepMBM ( BceM nyHKTaM cnMCKa ), M npefl/io>KHJi ei/i BMMTM 3a Hero 3aMy>K. OHa cor/iacM /iacb, M OHM ycTpoM /iM CBaflb6y! Ho cnycra flBa rofla pa 3Be/iMCb. rioneMy? lloTOMy HTO oneHb TiorMHHbiM nenoBeK noHfl/i, HTO HMKorfla He JHO6 MJI CBOK) >KeHy! Mopa /ib ceM 6acHM TaKOBa : nyBCTBa MMetOT 3HaneHMe, Korfla fle/io FLOXOAMT flo OTHOwe-

3y6 bi M T A MB OH

HMM Me>Kfly BIOflbMM

.

YpoK 6. KaK nyBCTBa riPUMEHAHUE

npnxoflflT HaM Ha

fl/lfl TPEHEPA. fl/ia Aa^ bHeMwero pa 3BHTMH

noMomb 241

flucKyccun MO>KHO

pa 3Hbie npo6/ieMbi, c KOTOPWMM cia /iKMBa /mcb nepcoHa >KM n 3Becmoro HayHHO- aHTacTMMecKoro cepna /ia 3ee3dHbiu nymb, OTJiMHaBiunecH HenorpeiuuMOM jioraKofi, TaKne KaK CnoK, xiei/ueHaHT- KOMaHAop flBHTa H CeflbMaB-M3-fleBHTM. npefl /io>KMTb ynacTHUKaM npunoMHMTb

nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. C/ieayiOLHHM nyHKT ypoKa npoBOflUTe npaMO c JIM CTa no pa 3flaTOHHOMy MaTepna /iy 6.1 , < LlyBCTBa B03HHKai0T He 6e3 npuHMHbi". /

•

.

Mmaic, nyecmea — uatuu COK)3 HUKU Y HUX ecmt> nembipe ocHoonme ( jjyHKu,uu, unu npedHa3 HcmeHUH . • IIoMoraioT npuHUMamv peiuenux , HanpuMep 3a Koro BbiMTM 3aMy >K . • Momueupywm nocTynxn , HanpMMep peaxijMK) “ OopoTbcn MTIM 6e>KaTb”. • IIoMoraioT ebipawamb BHyTpeHHMe nepexoiBaHMH M cwrHanM3MpyK)T o Haumx HaMepeHHHx, HanpiiMep 3noe Bbipa ceHMe nnija curHann ^ 3wpyeT o HapyineHMM TIHHHMX rpaHnij, n STO craHOBHTCfl HCHO flpyroMy ne/iOBexy 6e3 HenocpeflCTBeHHO aTaxyx)inHx FLEWCTBHH. • Cnoco6cnt6 ywm < j> opMMpoBaHJiK) cwjibHbix coijna;ibHbix cBH3eii. MccneflOBaHMH, K npMMepy, noxa 3biBax)T, HTO ec/in BHe3anHO cxpnBHTbCH OT 6 onw , TO Bee ORpyacaiomwe HeHaAonro Tax >xe CXPMBHTCH OT 6OTM. Bo3HMKHyT CnOHTaHHbie MMKpOrpMMaCblj KOTOpbie HaXOflHTCH 3a nopoTOM oco3HaHMH, noTOMy HTO npowcxoAHT CTIMIIIKOM 6 bicTpo (3a MH7I niiceKyHflbi ). IToAo6Hoe MiixpoBbipa>xeHHe Tinija nepe aeT o6paTHO B M03r MH (J)opMai MK), axTMBMpyx)iii, yK) HeMpoHbi ro/iOBHoro M03ra, 3epxa^ bHbie no oTHomeHMK) K TeM HenpoHaM, no KOTopbiM npoxoflnn 6w cnman pea;ibHbix 6oneBbix omymeHnn. Tax, MnxpoMMMnxpnH n 3epxa /ibHbie HenpoHbi no3B07mx)T HaM 6yxBa /ibHO omyraTb 6onb Apyroro nenoBexa n Ha co6 cTBeHHOM rnxype nepe>xnTb TO, HTO OH nyBCTByeT. Cnocodnocmv uHtnyumueno nonnmv, nmo nyocmoyem dpyeou neno een, yeenunueaem eeponmnocmb manoeo Me omnotueHUH K neuy, KU Koeo xomenocb 6t>i no omHOtueuuw K ce6e ( n #a>xe BepoHTHOCTb pncxa co6 cTBeHHon >xn3Hbx> pafln cnaceHna TOTO, xoro MH e# Ba 3HaeM ). 3TOT npouecc HB/IHCTCH OCHOBOM pa3BMTMH SMnaTMM n a /ibTpyn3Ma, xoTopbie flaxyr HaM orpoMHoe 3Bo/iK)Li, MOHHoe npewMymecTBO [ Schneider; Hempel , & Lynch, 2013] .

^

•

^

-

242 nhaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHHe ypOKa 3aneM ua3u6amb 3MOU,UU U nyBcmSa nPMMEHAHME fl /lfl TPEHEPA. K /ineHTbi c I K Macro coo6maiOT o CHWKeHMM 3MOL|MOHa/ibHocTM B cmyaMMflx, Bbi 3 biBafoinnx cmibHbie nepe>KMBaHMH (HanpiiMep, noxopoHbi, BeMepuHKa B MecTb flHB po^fleHMB, Bbixofl Ha neHcmo, ccopa c cynpyroM). MM MACRO 6biBaeT TpyflHO o6o3HaHMTb BMOLIMM win npOBecrn pa3JinMne Me>Kfly HI/IMH H APYRNMM TenecHbiMi/i omymeHMBMM. "

•

CnocodHocmt Ha3bieamb 3M0 u,uu U nyecmea ynpoutaem dmi nac npoZH 03up06 auue 6ydyw,eeo, noTOMy HTO MM C 6o;ibineM BeponraocTbio 6y fleM 0 C03HaBaTb MbICTIM, OHjymeHMH M Co6cTBeHHbie nOCTynKM, CBH3aHHbie

•

CnocodHocmv Ha3t>i6 arm> 3M0 t{ uu u nyecmea noMozaem HUM ebipawamb ceou nepexcueanux neped OKPYXCAWU UMU , ynymuax, maKUM o6pa30 M, omHonieHux. HanpMMep, BM MO>KeTe nyflecHO noHMMaTb, HTO MMeeTe B BMfly, Kor a Ha3biBaeTe nyBCTBO “ miacTMaccoBbiM ” MJIVL HMCTMM , HO 6o;ibIIIMHCTBy TIIOfleM 3TO MO>KeT 6 bITb HeilOHflTHO.

)

C 3MOI MOHa 7IbHbIMM IipOHBTieHMflMM

^

.

^

^

DPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. ripeAJio>KMTe ynacTHHKaM Bocno/ib30 BaTbCfl pa 6o6.6, "0603HaHeHMe HyBCTB npn nOMOLMM HepBHbIX Cy6CTpaTOB", M pa 3/iOM 2.1 , "HeMpopery/imopHafl MOfle/ib BMOLJMM PO fllTT" A/IB Maiepna AaTOHHbiM onpefle/ieHUB Toro, Kaxan M 3 IHATM ocHOBHbix 3MOi4 MOHa /ibHbix cwcreM 3afleMCTBOBaHa B Ka >KflOM KOHKpeTHOM cjiynae M cyweHMB o6/iacTM noncKa Ha 3BaHMB BMOL MM HMM J1MCTOM

^

MJ1 M HyBCTB.

( 06fl3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe o6yHeHwa Hemupe tuaza , Komopue neodxoduMO 6unoAHumi> , nmo6u o ymumb 6aa>KeHcin6 o ymenun na3u6amb 9 MOU,UU U HyScmSa

^

c pa6oHMM TIHCTOM 6.B, O60nyscTB npw IIOMOIU; JI HepsHbix cy6crpaTOB”, M ncno/ib3yMTe ero fl /ra

npefljioHCiiTe 3HaHeHne

ynacTHMKaM 03HaK0MHTbCH

apryMeHTai MM npwBe eHHbix HM>Ke nono^ceHMM.

^

^

Illar 1. OnMuiMTe TO, HTO Bbi3sano y Bac onpefleneHHbie 3MOIJMM MJIM nyscTBa, 3a aBaa ce6e cneayiomMe sonpocw . ^ Hyecmea 6bi36 dHbi • enympenHUMU co6bimuxMu? (HanpMMep, Mbicnb o TOM, HTO Henb3H npoBanMTb 3K 3aMeH

.)

YpoK 6 . Kan nyBCTBa npnxoAflT HaM Ha noMomb

•

243

Hyecmea 6 bi36 anbi enetunuMU co6bimuxMu? ( HanpMMep, KopoBa B 3a yM^ yCTaBM /iaCb Ha Bac.) KaKyw ponb cbupan KonmeKcm? ( HanpMMep, yTpo noHeAenbHMxa.)

HMBOCTM

•

IUar 2. MCXOAH

M 3 TenecHbix omymeHMM , onpeAeniiTe,

-

HO TenecHaa cncTeMa ronoBHoro M03ra

xaxan

SMOijiiOHanb-

6bina, cxopee Bcero, 3aAeucTBOBaHa

B 3TOM cjiynae.

•

Ecjm Bbi HyBCTBOBa;m

ce6n paccna6neHO

M OIOXOMHO, TO, cxopee Bcero, e 6 naCH 30 0CTM. COLJManbHOM ECJM Bbi nyBCTBOBann ce6n Ha CTpa >xe M cocpeAOToneHO, TO, cxopee Bcero, 3TM 3MOU;MM CBfl3aHbI C HOBM3HOM. EoiM Bbi HyBCTBOBanM npilTIMB SHeprHM M CMTIbI, TO CMTHan, cxopee Bcero, 6bin CBH3aH c B03Harpa>KAeHMeM. ECHM BH McnbiTbiBanM Hanpn >xeHMe, BonHeHMe vum >xap, TO, cxopee Bcero, CMTHan 6 bin CBH3aH c yrpo30 M . EcnM Bbi HyBCTBOBanM OTCTpaHeHHOCTb OT peanbHOCTM M OHeMeHMe, TO, CKOpee Bcero, CMTHan 6bin cnMiuxoM CMnbHOM yrpo30M MnM B03Harpa>XAeHMeM.

3TO CMTHan CMCTeMbI

• • •

•

Illar 3. HTO6M jiynme

noHHTb

co6cTBeHHbie nepexcMBaHHH, oTseTbre Ha

-

BO

.

npocbl O TOM, KaKMMH 6 binM BaiHH COI ManbHbie CMTHanbl

" HTO 6bino nerne

— ycraHOBMTb

^

3pMTenbHbiii xoHTaxT MnM Bbipa 3MTb CBOM

Bbin nM TOH Barnero ronoca Ao6 poAyuiHbiM ? KacanMCb nM Bbi xoXoTenocb nM BaM npM 6nM3MTbcn K ApyrMM niOAHM ? ( Cxopee Bcero, 6 bina 3afleMCTBOBaHa napacMMnaTMnecxan CMCTeMa coijManbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM.) 3aMeTMnM nM BH BHe3anHO, HTO 3aMepnM M BCMaTpMBaeTecb B anb? Hnn BHMMaTenbHO npMcnyuiMBaeTecb ? ( Cxopee Bcero, 6 bina 3aAeMCTBOBaHa CMCTeMa OU, eHXM HOBM3HH. ) nyBCTBa ? TO -TO ?

• •

•

^

BbinM nM BH npe3BbinaMHO axcnpeccMBHbi, pa3TOBopHMBbi M njeApbi Ha >xe CTH ? Bbino NM BaM cno>KHO cocpeAOTOHMTbcn Ha TOM, HTO roBopnT oxpyncaxHijMe ? He noxa3anocb nM BaM , HTO BH MOHIM ynycTMTb HTO -TO Ba>XHoe M3 cxa 3aHHoro ApyrMM nenoBexoM MnM CAenaHHoro BO BpeMH Barnero 06meHMH , HO BH HMxax He Mornn noHHTb, HTO MMeHHO ? ( Cxopee Bcero, 6 bina 3aAeiicTBOBaHa CMCTeMa onoiAaHMH B03Harpa >XAeHMn CHC.) Bbino nM Bauie Bbipa >xeHMe nMija 6e3ynacTHbiM ? BbinM nM BauiM ABM>xeHMn Bbin nM TeMn BameM peHM MeAneHHbiM, a ronoc MOHO TOHHHM ? CMOTpenM nM BH 6e3ynacTHO B nycTOTy? ( Cxopee Bcero, 6 bina 3aAeMCTBOBaHa napacMMnaTMnecxan CMCTeMa OTxniOHeHMH.) 3aMeAneHHHMM ?

—

244 OiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AI1T

. .

Hlar 4 Ha6 jiK> AaiiTe 3a co6cTBeHHWMM no6y>KAeHMHMM K ACMCTBJIHM H ace;iaHHAMH

•

Ha 3TOM mare MM Mcno;ib3yeM no6y>KAeHMfl K flewcTBMHM M )Ke7iaHMH, KOTopbie CBH3aHM c onpeAe/ieHHbiMM 3MOI MHMM, RJM nynmero noHMMaHMH co6cTBeHHoro aMOijMOHanbHoro COCTOHHMH M nyBCTB. lOuoneBan MAen coCTOMT B TOM, HTO Ka c aH SMOI MH CBH3aHa c onpefleneHHMMM no6y)KAe ^

^

^

AeMCTBMHM, M o6o3HaHeHMH 3MOIJMM.

HMflMM K

^

3TO MO>KHO MCn 07Ib30BaTb

“3aflHMM

HHCJIOM

RJW

• CTpax BM3MBaeT ^cenaHMe cKpbiTbcn wm y6e>KaTb.

• Orbifl BM3MBaeT ^cenaHMe cnpHTaTbcn. • HyscTBO

>

BMHbi Bbi3MBaeT KenaHwe

^

wcnpaBMTb cmyai Piio

flMTb CBOM npOCTynOK.

• Ilena/ib AenaTb.

Bbi3biBaeT

^cenaHMe ocTaTbcn

B

wm 3arna-

o

^MHonecTBe wm HMHero He

• OTBpameHMe Bbi3biBaeT >KenaHwe y6paTb STO KaK MO>KHO Aanbiue. • Pa ocTb BM3MBaeT aceTiaHMe npM 6/in3MTbCfl n npbiraTb. • JIio6oBb BM 3 MBaeT >KenaHMe pacc /iaBuTbca M o6maTbcn . • JlK)6onbiTCTBO Bbi3biBaeT >Ke;iaHne nccneAOBaTb.

^

Bonee AeTanbHbiii CIIPICOK BM HariAeTe B pa6oneM

jincre

6.B.

nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. TeopeTMKM n Hcc/ieflOBaTe/iM He CMomu CB« 3aTb HM CMCTEMY noflaB/ieHMB peaKLjMM flBK-nHC, HM cwcreMy oi eHKM HOBi/BHbi CHC c Ka KOM -TO KOHKpeTHOM BMoqueM . llpeAe /ibHoe omymeHMe dbifla Mo>Kei 6 biTb Han /iyM WMM npn 6 jin >KeHi/ieM A I o6o3HaMeHi/m peaKpuu noAaB/ieHMB ABK-HHC. OmacTM ^^ 3TO CJiy >KMT M /l /IK)CTpai4 MeM ABOMCTBeHHOCTM U 03\Al\\A\A 60JlbLUMHCTBa TeOpeTMKOB 3MOMMM, KOTOpbie He CBB3blBaiOT no6y >KAeHMfl 1/1JIM CK /IOHHOCTM fleMCTBOBaTb C nepBMHHblMH 3MOMMHMM ( HanpMMep, >KeBaHMe flOKypMTb, nOTpe 6 HOCTb flOMMHM pOBaTb M T.A .).

^

flJlfl TPEHEPA. Warn 5-7 fleTa /ibHO paccMOTpeHbi .B 06o3HaHeHne HyBCTB npM noMOujM HepBHbix cy6crpaTOB".

nPMMEHAHUE de 6

//

/

B

pa 6oMeM

JIM -

ypoK 6. Kan nyBCTBa npnxoAflT HaM Ha noMomb 245

(PeKOMeHAyeTCH) noAOJKeime o 6 yHeHna He moA&KO ny 6cm6a umewm 3HcmeHue

.

PHMEHAHHE flJlfl TPEHEPA CymecTByeT pe/ibiM pafl AOKa 3aTe/ibCTB, BK/ifonan HeAaBHMe cucTeMaTunecKne M MeTaaHa/n/iTi/iHecKue o63opbi c /iynaeB HepBHOM aHopeKCMH 1/1 ayTM3Ma [ Hoppe & Frith, 2006; Lang, Lopez, Stahl, Tchanturia, & Treasure, 2014], CBMfleTe/lbCTByK) L14HX o TOM, HTO J1IOAH C FK n/lOXO CnpaB^HIOTCH C 3aflaHMHMM, Tpe6yiOLAMMM IT106aJlbH0l/l o6pa60TKH AdHHblX, H B TO >Ke BpeMH fleMOHCTpi/lpyiOT npeBOcxoflHbie CFIOCOOHOCTI/I B OTcne>KHBaHHM fleTajiew mv\ B /lOKa /ibHOM o 6pa 6oTKe AaHHbix [ Aloietal , 2015; Lopez, Tchanturia, Stahl, & Treasure, 2008, 2009; Losh etai , 2009] K co>KajieHI/HO, fl/ia K /IMCHTOB C TK i/icK /itoHUTe/ibHaB cnoco6HOCTb BocnpuBTi/ia MenbHaMiUHX M3MeHeHm/i B OKpywatomei/i cpe e Macro HaMMHaeT AOMi/iHi/ipoBaTb npn BbinO/lHeHl/lH pyTHHHblX 3aA3HMM, OCTaB/lflfl Ma/lO MeCTa Rnft OTAbIXa, paCC /ia6jieHHfl, BOCCTaHOBJieHMfl MJll/l o6u4 eHMH.

.

.

^

npeAHOHCMTe ynacTHHKaM 03HaK0MMTbca c pa3AaTOHHbiM MaTepnanoM 6.2, “He TonbKo nyBCTBa MMeiOT 3HaneHMe” 1.

ffvxGon Kpoemcx G demanxx! • MO32 modeu co CKnoHHocmvw

K eunepKOHmponw Hacmpoen ua pacno3 demaxeu, a we eno6am>Hux utufiopMatiuoHHbix nammepHoe . HanpMMep, OHM nacTO OTTIMHHO 3anoMMHaiOT A^TanM M 3aMenaiOT Me/ibnaMHiMe HecooTBeTCTBMH ( TaKMe, KaK rpaMMaTMnecKMe OHIM6KM MTIM He poBHO CToaiAMe KHMrM B KHM>KHOM uneasy). • MccxedoGaHux no3Gonxwm npednonoMutm?, nmo nododnoe nosedenue Mowem 6bimt> we CGX3 (IHHMM c nyecmeaMu. TaK , TIIOAM C TK O 6MHHO oneHb xoporno 3aMenaiOT Me/ibHaMiime A Ta /iM He3aBMCMMO OT Toro, HTO ^

Haeanue

OHM

•

npM 3TOM HyBCTByiOT.

Bee Me nocnedcmeuH npucma / ibHoeo GHUMUHUX K demanxM Moeym HOcumv 3MouluoHanbHbiu xapeuemep HanpMMep, MO>KHO npocTO 6e3 3MOIJMM OTMeTMTb, HTO KHMrM B IHKa( j)y CTOflT HepOBHO. Ho npM OAep>KMMOCTM noTpe6HOCTbio BbipaBHMBaTb Bee TaKoe Ha6;noAeHMe MO^ceT 6 biTb AOBonb-

.

HO 3M0D,M 0HanbHbIM.

•

K

moMy Me

tiododnax npeGocxodnax cnoco6Hocmt>

nauiuue U3MeneHUx MOMem cmamt?

omMenami? Mem>-

npuHuuou cpaGHenux ce6x c OKpy -

MawuifUMU, nmo G\>i3\>iGaem cunbume uyGcntGa ( HanpMMep, < )pycTpaijMK) B cnynae , KorAa CAe /iaHHoe Ha 6/noAeHMe He no Ayiue OKpy>KaiomMM, M/IM

J

co cnoco 6HOCTbK) 3aMenaTb OIUM6KM, Ha KOTO o6 paTMH BHMMaHMH ).

TaMHyio ropAOCTb B CBH3M

pbie HMKTO He

246

fjiaBa

5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

S CnpocMTe: HacKonbKO xopotuo

eu 3aMenaeme He6onbtuue u3M.eHenm unu MenKue OIUU 6 KU ? S CnpocMTe: KaKue nedocmarnKU Kpowmcn e npeeanupoeanuu cnocodHocmu 3aMenamb uenKue demanu nab cnocodHocmbw K enodanbnou o6pa6omKe unfiopMai uu? ( IIoflCKa3Ka: ycnomifleT BMfleHne o6mew KapTMHbi M npoBOi MpyeT KOMnyjibCMBHyio noTpe6HOCTb B nopa ne M CMMMeTpMM, KOTopaB MO)KeT MeuiaTb 3aHMMaTbCB o 6 biHHHMM flenaMM. KoMnynbCMBHaB noTpe6HOCTb 6 bicTpo ycTpaHHTb nio6yK> Heonpe eneHHOCTb MO>KeT npMBecTM K BbiropaHMK) OT TiMiiiHeM npo,o;enaHHOM pa 6oTbi M nocTOHHHOMy pa3,o;pa>KeHnK> B Tex c/iynaflx, Kor a Henopn oK HeB03M0>KH0 yCTpaHMTb. Mo>KeT B03HMKHyTb nOTpe 6HOCTb B nOCTOHH HOM cpaBHeHMM ce6a c OKpy>KaK) mnMn , HTO npMBO MT K 6ecno/ie3HOM 3aBMCTM vum o6M n,aM.) 2. “Ha noMOU b! Mou caMOKOHtnponb ebiuien u3 - nod KOHtnponxl” • Jhobu, CKJioHHbie K eunepKOHtnponw, no onpebenenuw odnabawm omnuHHMMU cnocodHocmxMu K caMOKOHtnpomo ( HanpMMep, cnoco6HocTbio

^

^

^

^

^ ^

^

(

^

nnaHwpoBaTb Hanepefl, OTK /ia braaTb B03Harpa>KfleHMe, BbiHOCMTb CTpecc

^no6y>KfleHMfl K fleMCTBMHM ). ^ • CaMOKOHtnponb mpedyem padombi mex ynacmKoe eonoenoeo M03ta, M

nOflaBHBTb SMOI

MOHanbHbie

KO -

npupobe ue cex3anbi c 3MOU,UHMU ( HanpwMep, flopca /ibHaa ;iaTepa;ibHafl npecJjpoHTa bHan xopa ronoBHoro M03ra ). ^ HecMompH na ceoto He3Mou,uoHanbHyw npupoby, caMOKOHtnponb mpedy em 3 HanutnenbHbix ycunuul OH Tpe6yeT ycwmw TIH KOHTPOTIH SMOIJMOMCTBMHM H OTKTiaflbiBaHMB BOSHarpa fleHnn. Ha /ibHbix noOy KfleHMM K ^ ^ Hpe3MepHbm caMOKOHTponb onycTomaeT SHepreTMHecKHe pecypcw ( B mopbie no ceoeu

•

^

BMFLE I7IK)K03bl ).

•

TOKUM odpa30M , Hpe3MepHbiu caMOKOHtnponb npueobum K nocnebcmeuXMy C6 X 3UHHblM C 3M 0U,UXMU .

• CnuiUKOM cunbHbie npoxenenux cunu eonu uctnou awm auepeemuHecKue

^

neodxobuMbie bnx npeobonenux cnuuiKOM cunbuou cunm eonu, fle/ian HenoBeica 6onee aMoijMOHa /ibHO ya3BMMbiM MTIM peaKTMBHbiM. npeeocxobnbiu caMOKOHtnponb Moncem npueecmu K nacmuoMy cpaeueHUW cedx c OKpyncawu uMUy Komopoe ebi 3 bieaem cunbHbie 3Mou,uu ( Ha npMMep, K TOpflOCTM C060M M3-3a Cn 0C06H0CTM BbICMfleTb MHOTOHaCOByiO MeflMTai Mio 6e3 noKamnuBaHUM M flpyrnx TenoflBioKeHMn n TaiiHOMy ocy^c eHMK) Tex, KTO He cnoco6eH Ha 3TO; CM. o6cy>KfleHMe TaMHon rop,a;ocTM co6on npn caMOKOHTpone M HH( j)opMaijMK) o 3ara /i;oHHbix npeflCKa3aHMHx B TTiaBe 10 ocHOBHoro yne6HMKa no PO flllT ). 3 anacbi ,

•

^

^

^

YpoK 6. Ka « nyBCTBa npnxoflflT HaM Ha noMomb 247

• Hpe3MepHtJiu caMOKOHmpom? ( nanpuMep, npu Hpe3MepHOM cnedoeaHUU npaeunau ) Mowem npueecmu K moMy, nmo nenoeeK 6ydem Menee omKpMtn

u3MeueHUHM odcmoHmenbcme u noepedumv dnn nezo omHomeHUHM ( HanpwMep, HacTawBan Ha TOM , HTO 6M K 603 MOMHMM

napTHep CTaBM/i Tape /iKM B nocyflOMoeHHyio ManiMHy B COOTBCTCTBHM C BbiflyMaHHbiMM iipaBHTiaMM , HTO B pe 3y/ibTaTe MO)KeT npMBecTM K ccope; miM KOMnynbCMBHoe nnaHPipoBaHMe , KOTopoe MO>KCT npenHTCTBOBaTb CnOHTaHHOCTM B OTHOUieHMHx ) .

^

CnpocwTe: KaKue auo uoHanbHbie nocnedcmeux pa36 umou cnoco6nocmuK caMOKOHmponw eu Monceme na6nwdamb 6 ceoeu HCU 3 HU ? KCIK eama cnocodnocmb K caMOKOumponw enuxem na nyecmea OKpywawmux?

^

YpoK 6 . /\ oMauiHee 3aAaHwe 1. ( 06fl3aTe/ibHo ) Pa3flaTOHHbm MaTepnan 6.1, “HyscTBa

B03HHKai0 T He

6e3 npMHMHbl ” 2. ( 06B3aTenbHo ) Pa3flaTOHHbiM MaxepHa;i 6.2, “He TOJibKO nyscxsa MMCIOT 3HaneHMe”

3. (flononHHTenbHo ) IIonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB Ha npoxjDKeHHH npeflcxoa meii He enn cneflMXb 3a CBoeii 3MOi noHanbHOH peaKi nen M npo6oBaTb onpe,o;e;mxb ( j>yHKijMio flaHHOM peaiojHM npn noMoiu, M pa6onero JIMCTa 6.B, “06o3HaHeHMe nyscxB npu noMon M HepBHbix cy6cxpaxoB”.

^

^

^

^

248 PhaBa 5. nnaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

Pa 3ACJTOHHbiM MaTepMan 6.1 HyBCTBa B03HHKai0T He 6 e3 npHHHHbi MTIM npeAHa 3HaneHMfl. SMOIJMM MMeiOT neTwpe ocHOBHbie 1 . IIoMoraioT B npunmnuu peiuenuu. " 3MOIJMM noMoraioT HaM npMHMMaTb 6bicTpbie pemeHMH o Mwpe 6e3 Heo6-

XOflMMOCTM TpaTMTb yMMy BpeMeHM Ha pa 3MbiimieHMfl.

•

HanpMMep, earn 6 w

Mbi nonaranMCb Mcxnx) HMTe;ibHO Ha CBOM BMHMCTIM -

6 bITb c6MTbIM 6 bICTpO c ero KaK yiiTM flopom , CKopee Bcero, Hac

TenbHbie CnOCo 6HOCTM B OTHOmeHMM BepOflTHOCTM

eAynjMM aBTo6ycoM, nepeA TeM y>xe He 6 buio 6w B XCMBMX.

2. CTiyaxaT ucmoHHUKOM

uu nocTynKOB. ^ cflan SMOIJMH ACMCTBMHM:

Momueat

Ka CBH3aHa c yHMxanb^ no6y >Kln;eHMeM K fleMCTBMio MTIM CKTioHHOCTbio pearMpoBaTb onpeAeneHHbiM o6pa30M, xoTopaji B 03HMKTia B pe3ynbTaTe 3Bonx) Li; MOHHoro pa3-

" 3MOU;MM TOTOBHT Hac K HHM

BMTMfl B KaneCTBe MexaHM3Ma BbDXMBaHMTL

•

HanpMMep,

CTpax noMoraeT M36 eraTb onacHOCTM , 3Tiocn> 3amMmaeT OT

npMHMHeHMH BpeAa,

a

yAOBneTBopeHMe noMoraeT

o6'beAMHHTboi c oxpy-

>KaK> mMMM. 3. IIO3BO7IHIOT ewpaMamh BHyTpeHHne HaniMx

•

HaMepeHMHx.

nepeHCMBaHMB

n CMHami 3upywm o

BbDKMBaHMe Harnero BM a 3aBMCMT OT OIOCO6HOCTM o6rbe

^

^

MHHTbca

c Apy-

npe cTaBMTenaMM Harnero BMAa M (JjopMMpoBaHMH n /ieMeH c rjenbx) 6opb6bi c BparaMM / xMiiiiHMKaMM, pa 3 ji;eneHMH ijeHHbix pecypcoB M COBMCCTHOM pa6 oTbI RJIK AOCTM >XeHMH OTflaneHHbIX I eneM , KOTOpbie HeB03M0>XH0 TMMM

^

AOCTMHb B OflMHOHKy.

^

• Y Hac 6onbine TmijeBbix Mbimu;, neM y ;no6oro Apyroro BMAa, M MBI cnoco6Hbl C03AaTb 10 TbIC. pa3Hbix Bbipa>xeHMM JlMLja.

• •

Bwpa >KeHMe TiMija cooOnjaeT o HaMepeHMHx. HanpMMep, 37ioe Bbipa>xeHMe 7iMu;a CMrHanM3MpyeT o TOM, HTO KTO-TO HapyniMTi BaniM TiMHHbie rpaHMijbi, M 3TO CTaHOBMTCH ACHO ApyroMy nenoBexy

6e3 Heo 6xoAMMocTM npM6eraTb K ACMCTBMTe/ibHo aTaxyioLAMM ACMCTBMHM. 4. Cnoco6cm6 ywm 3MnaTMM u (JjopMHpoBaHMio 6TIM3KMX OTHOineHMM. • Mbi aBTOMaTMnecKM MMMTMpyeM (T.e. KonMpyeM ) Bbipa>xeHMe TiMija Toro nenoBexa, c xoTopwM o6 m; aeMCfl, TeM caMbiM axTMBMpyn Te >xe ynacTXM

YpoK 6 . KaK HyBCTBa npnxoflflT HaM Ha noMomb 249 M03ra M wcnbiTbiBaeM

noxo>Kiie SMOIJMM,

HTO M nenoBeK , 3a Bbipa>KeHneM

SMOIJMM KOToporo Mbi Ha6nioflaeM.

" 3TOT npoijecc o6paTHOM CBH3M ocHOBbiBaeTcn Ha pa6oTe 3epKa /ibHbix Hew -

w nponcxofliiT Tax 6 biCTpo (3a MM /umce) , cnoco 6 Hbi 3HaTb ero. MBI oco HTO KyHAbi eflBa HanpwMep, earn MM BM MM ne/iOBeKa, KOTopbiii BHe3anHO CKPMBMJICH OT 60AM, Mbi TaK)Ke CKTIOHHbl, CaMM He 0 C03HaBaH TOTO, HeHaftOTirO CKpMBMTbCH OT 6 O/IM , M B pe3ynbTaTe, 6naroflapn pa6oTe 3epKanbHbix HewpoHOB, MM 6yKBanbHO “ Ha co6cTBeHHon iuKype” MO>KCM noHHTb, HTO nyBCTByeT #pyroii ne/iOBeK. 3MOLJMM ( M MMKpoMMMTau MH ) cnoco6cm6 ywm 4> opMHpoBaHmo CM /ibHbix coijua /ibHbix CBH3eii, noTOMy HTO manue o TOM, KaK nyBCTByeT ce6n #pyroM nenoBeK , no3BonneT HaM npoHB/iHTb SMnaTMio M fla>Ke pucKOBaTb co6CTBeHHOM cM3Hbio paflw cnaceHMH ( yum 6opb6 bi 3a ) pyroro, BO3MO>KHO ^ eflBa 3HaKOMoro, ne/iOBeKa. OHa no3Bo;meT eecmu ce6n no omHovuenwo K dpyeuM nwdxM max. we, xax 6u MU xomenuy nmo6u OHU eenu ce6x no omHoiuenuK) K nan. He3HaKOMeu, MO>KCT Heo M aHHo CTaTb HHCHOM ceMbM. ^ poHOB Hamero ronoBHoro M03ra

•

"

^

.

^

^

250 nhaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

Pa 3flQTOHHbiM MaTepnaji 6.2 He TonbKO 1.

HyBCTBa HMeioT 3 HaneHne

JJbX 6 on Kpoemcn 6 bemanxx!

•

Mo3r niOfleM c rnnepKOHTpojieM HacrpoeH Ha pacno3HaBaHHe eTaTien, a He nio6a;ibHbix MH( j> opMaijMOHHbix naTTepHos HanpMMep, OHM nacTO xopomo 3anoMMHaioT ,o;eTanM M 3aMenaK>T MenbHaMiHMe HecooTBeTCTBMH (TaKMe, Kax rpaMMaTMHecKMe OIHM 6KM MTIM HepOBHO cTOHiijMe KHMTM B KHM >KHOM HIKa(J)y ).

^

.

• MccneflOBaHHH no3Bo;imoT npeftnonoaoiTb, HTO noflo6Hoe noBejjeHne

•

MOHCeT 6 bITb He CBH3aHHbIM C HyBCTBaMM. TaK , THOftM C IK o6 bIHHO OHeHb xopomo 3aMenaK)T Me/ibHaMiime fleTann He3aBMCMMO OT Toro, Kax OHM ce6# npM 3TOM HyBCTByiOT. Bee ace nocjieftCTBMH npucTajibHoro BHMMaHMH K eTajiAM MoryT HOCMTb 3M 01 H0HajIbHbIH XapaKTep. HanpMMep, MOMCHO 6e3 SMOLJMM OTMeTMTb, HTO KHMTM B IHKa y CTOHT HepOBHO. Ho npM Oflep)KMMOCTM nOTpe 6HOCTbK) BbipaBHMBaTb Bee noflo6Hoe Ha 6/no/];eHMe MoaceT Bbi3BaTb CM /ibHbie nepe-

^

^

^

.

MCMBaHMH

• no^o6HaH npesoexo^HaH cnoco6HOCTb OTMenaTb MenbHaHunie M3Me-

ce6n C OKpy^CaiOmMMM, HTO J pycTpau;MK) B c/iynae, Kor,n;a

HeHM MOHCeT CTaTb npMHMHOM CpaBHeHMH

Bbi3biBaeT cMHbHbie

HyscTBa ( HanpMMep,

Ha 6;nofleHMe He

( )

no flyrne oicpyacaiomMM, MTIM TaMHyio rop ocTb B CBH co cnoco6HOCTbio 3aMenaTb OIHM6 KM, Ha KOTopbie HMKTO He o6 paTM 7i BHMMaHMH ).

^

3M

2. Ha noMOW,b! Mou caMOKOHtnponb etyiuien u3 - nod KOHtnponx! • JIioflH, CKnoHHbie K TK, no onpe eneHMio o6 jia aiOT OTTinHHbiMM cnoCO6HOCTHMM K caMOKOHTpoTiio ( HanpMMep, cnoco6HOCTbio nnaHMpoBaTb Hanepefl, OTK /ia MBaTb B03HarpaacfteHMe, BbmocMTb CTpecc M no,n;aB7iHTb 3Mou;MOHanbHbie no6yMCfleHMH K eMCTBMHM ). • CaMOKOHTpo/ib Tpe6yeT pa6oTbi Tex ynacTKOB TOTIOBHOTO M03ra, KOTOpwe no CBoeii npupofle He CBH3aHbi c SMOIJMHMM ( HanpMMep, flopca /ibHan naTepanbHan npe poHTa /ibHaa xopa ronoBHoro M03ra ).

^

^

•

^

^

^

HecMOTpa Ha CBOIO He SMOi MOHanbHyio npwpo y, caMOKOHTpojib Tpe6yeT 3HaHMTe7ibHbix ycMJiMM! OH Tpe6yeT ycM /iMM JSJIH. KOHTPOTIH 3MOu;MOHanbHbix no6y>KfleHMM K flencTBMHM M OTKJiaflbiBaHMH B03Harpa >Kfle HMH. Hpe3MepHbiM caMOKOHTpo/ib onycTomaeT 3HepreTMHecKMe pecypcbi ( B BMfle rni0K03bi ) .

^

^

ypoK 6 . Kaw nyBCTBa

npMxoflflT HaM Ha

• TaKMM o6pa30M, Hpe3MepHbIM CaMOKOHTpOJlb npUBO

•

MT K

^

HM , CBH3aHHbIM C 3MOIJMMMM .

noMomb 251

nOCJieflCTBH -

C/IHIUKOM CMJIbHbie npOHBJieHMH CMJIbl BOJIM MCTOIIjaiOT 3HepreTMHeCKiie 3anacw , Heo 6xoflMMbie JJJIH npeoflOJieHMH CJIMMIKOM CMJibHOM BOJIM , flenaH ne/iOBeica 6o;iee SMOijnoHajibHO yn3BiiMbiM MTIM peaKTMBHbiM .

• IIpeBOCXOflHblM

CaMOKOHTpOJIb MOMC6T IipMBCCTM K HaCTHOMy CpaBHe-

ce6n c OKpyacaiomMMM, KOTOpoe Bbi3biBaeT CMJIbHbie SMOIJMM ( HanpMMep, K rop OCTM B CBH3M CO OIOCo6HOCTbK) BblCMfleTb MHOrOHaCOByiO Me u MTau MK) 6e3 noKamjiMBaHMn n flpyrnx ,n, BM ceHMii M TaiiHOMy ocy >Kfle^ HMK) Tex, KTO He cnoco6 eH Ha STO; CM . oOcy fleHMe TanHon ropflocm co^ 6on npn caMOKOHTpo/ie M O TanHe npe,n,CKa3aHHfl B maBe 10 OCHOBHOTO yne6HMKa no PO flllT) . HMM)

.. .

^

• Hpe3MepHbiii HMM

caMOKOHTpojib ( HanpMMep, npn npe3MepHOM cjieflOBanpaBMjiaM) MOMCCT npMsecTM K TOMy, HTO nejiOBeic 6yn,eT MeHee OT-

o6cTOHTeJIbCTB, M MOMCCT nOBpeflMTb ( BaMCHbiM RJIH Hero OTHOiueHMMMM HanpMMep , HacTaMBan Ha TOM , HTO 6BI napTHep CTaBMji TapejiKM B nocyflOMoenHyio ManiMHy B COOTBCTCTEMM c BbiflyMaHHbiMH npaBMnaMM , HTO B pe3ynbTaTe MoaceT npMBecTM K ccope; KpblT K B03M0>KHbIM M3MeHCHMHM

MJIM KOMnynbCMBHoe nnaHMpoBaHne, KOTopoe MOMCCT npenuTCTBOBaTb

CnOHTaHHOCTM B OTHOUieHMHx)

.

252 f /iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

Pa 3flaTOHHbiM MaTepnaji 6.3 OcHOBHbie nojioxeHMfl ypo KaK) mMM MMp ABOMCTBCHHOM.

He CTOMT COMHeBaTbCH B MCTMHHOCTM 3TMX J M7IM nbITaTbCfl OT HMX M36aBMTbCfl, /iynme ynMTbcn Ha HMX C noMOHjbio caMOMcc/ieflOBaHMH. Tan BH CMO>KeTe nyn rne MX noHBTb, HO STO coBceM He 03HanaeT, HTO 3TM MM ( j) bi o 6n3aTenbHo HenpaBM ^ bHbie, nnoxMe M /IM flMccJjyHKi MOHa /ibHbie. 3. HyBCTBa cynjecTByiOT He 6e3 npMHMHbi. Y HMX ecTb neTbipe ocHOBHbie 4>yHK U; MM , MHM npeflHa 3HaHeHMH: OHM noMoraioT B npMHHTMM pemeHMM, MOTMBM pyioT HaniM eMCTBMH , HBTDHOTCH Bbipa^ceHMeM HauiMx BHyTpeHHMx nepe)KM BaHMM M CMrHanM3MpyK)T o HauiMx nyBCTBax OKpy caion MM, a Taioice cnoco6^

^

enaiOT

MM ( )OB

^

^

CTByiOT ( ) OpMMpOBaHMK) CMTIbHbIX COIJManbHblX CBH3CM.

J

4. He

TOTibKO nyBCTBa MMCIOT 3HaneHMe.

HIO

^M

C

TK

^

OTTiMnaiOTcn npexpacHbiM

—

cnoco6HOCTbio 3aMenaTb fleTa /iM KanecTBaMM , KOTO pbie no CBoeM npMpo,n;e He CBB3aHbi c nyBCTBaMM , HO MoryT MMeTb SMOIJMOHanbHbie nocne CTBMB, ec;iM npoABTinioTCfl npe3MepHO MTIM KOMnynbCMBHO.

caMoo 6naflaHMeM M

^

YpoK 6 . Kan nyBCTBa

npnxoAflT HaM Ha

noMOLAb 253

Pa 6oHHk JIMCT 6 .A Mucjjbi

rnnepKOHTpojiJi

o nyBCTBax

MHCTpyKI MM. OTMeTbTe Te MM( j)bI, KOTOpbie CMMTaeTe MCTMHHbIMM XOTH 6 bl OTHaCTM.

^

Mbi npwHMMaeM Tiyniime pemeHMB, Kor a AenaeM STO 6e3 yneTa HyBCTB.

^

Ka^cflow cMTyai MM cooTBeTCTByiOT onpeAeneHHbie nyBCTBa. HyBCTBa cne,o;yeT Aep>xaTb noA KOHTpo/ieM. PaCKpbITMe CBOMX MCTMHHbIX HyBCTB npM3HaK C7ia6 oCTM .

^

—

JllOflM He JLK)6HT 3M04M0HanbHbIX npOHB/ieHMM.

— —

HeraTMBHbie nyBCTBa n /ioxne H AecTpyKTMBHbie. 3TO Tax no-fleTCKM nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n cnacTTiMBbiMM vum

McnbiTbiBaTb

BOCXMBmeHMe. Jlio 6oBb STO Bcero npmib xMMMnecKaa peaxi

—

OneHb

Ba>KHO

CTBMTenbHO

HMKOTAa

nyBCTByeTe.

He

A ^ BaTb

noHBTb

MB. ^ flpyrMM

THOAHMM ,

HTO BH

A ^M-

—

npOHBTieHMe HyBCTB 3TO OTCyTCTBMe KOHTpOJIH HaA C060M. Bo/ibHiaa nacTb SMOIJMM 3TO npocTO rnynocTM. Bee 6one3HeHHbie SMOIJMM B03HMKai0T B pe3ynbTaTe n /ioxwx MaHep. Bone3HeHHbie SMOIJMM He mvieiOT 3HaHeHMB, M MX cneAyeT MrHopwpoBaTb. CnacTnMBbie /IIOAM /iryHbi.

—

Huace 3annmnTe jiio6bie Apyriie MM (J) bi 06 SMOIJMHX, KOTopwe y sac ecTb, HO KOTOPWE He ynoMMHajmcb 3Aecb paHee.

^

Bbi6epMTe OAMH M3 npMBeAeHHbix Bbirne MM OB, B MCTMHHOCTM KOToporo BW MCKPEHHE y6eacAeHbi, M npaKTMKyMTe caMOMecneAOBaHMe B OTHOUICHHH 3Toro MM(j)a Ha npOTiDKeHMM npeACTOHmeii HeAenn. IlycTb npaKTuxa A MTCH HCAO/I ^ HawTM xopoinnw Bonpoc, ro He AO/ibiue 5 MMH. L[enb caMOMccneAOBaHMH

—

—

254 f/iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT KOTopwM no3BonnT 6TIM >I mMX OTBeTOB Ha Bonpocbi OBaHMH. Bbi enwTe BpeMH Ha TO, HTO6M OTBCTBI nocTeneHHO BO3HMKTIM caMM B ^npoijecce npaKTMKM ^ . Be

MTe 3aimcn B acypHane caMOMccTie,D(OBaHMH

BaC B

03HMKai ( )OB

CJie

O

MbicneH

CaMOMC

3

HOCTb

CaMOMCCTie

IIoMHiiTe, HTO

npaKTMKa caMOwccne OBaHMH He HBTIHCTCH aBTOMaTMHecKMM

^

npeffnoiioaceHMeM o TOM, HTO MM| < > HeBepHbiM, njioxoii MUM flMC< j> yHKijMOHaTib-

Hbiii . Mcnonb3yMTe npMBefleHHbie HM >Ke Bonpocw B CBoeii e^ceflHeBHOM npaKTM Ke. 3anMCbiBaMTe Bee, HTO cBH3aHO c 3TOM npaKTMKOM, B flHeBHMKe caMOMCCTie o-

^

BaHMH.

> > > >

HeMy si Mory HayHMTbcn Ha ocHOBaHMM 3Toro MM(J>a ? HTO 3TOT MM(J) MO)KeT CKa3aTb MHe 060 MHe M O MOeM o 6 pa3e >KM3HM ? PlcnbiTbiBaio 71M H Hanpn >KeHMe, BbinoTiHHB STO 3aflaHMe ? MoibiTbiBaio 71M H HanpjDKeHMe npHMO ceMnac? ECTIM ,o;a, TO HTO STO MO>KCT 03HanaTb ? HeMy MHe cne OBano 6 w HayHMTbCfl ?

>

HaCKOHbKO MHe CBOMCTBeHHa OTKpbITOCTb B03M0>KH0 CTM M3MeHMTb CBOK) TOHKy 3peHMH Ha 3TOT MM (J) MTIM M3MeHMTb CaM MM (J) ? ECTIM MHe CBOMCTBeHHa 3aKpbITOCTb MTIM HenOTIHafl OTKpbITOCTb, TO HTO 3TO MO KeT 03HanaTb ? ^ noMO>KeT TIM MHe STOT MM(J) ^CMTb 6onee nonHO, ecnM si 6yzjy npoftOTDKaTb Aep^caTbCH 3a Hero?

>

> > > > > > >

^

^

IIoMO)KeT TIM MHe M3MeHeHMe 3Toro MM )a ^CMTb 6onee nonHO? HTO MO>KHO nOHHTb, MCXOflH M3 Moero COnpOTMBTieHMfl M3MeHeHMK) 3TOTO MM(J> a ? Mory TIM si neMy-TO HayHMTbCH, MCXO H M3 3Toro conpoTMBTieHMsi7. HTO MHe roBOpMT 060 MHe >KeTiaHMe no- npemieMy flep^caTbcn 3a STOT MM ) ? HTO TaKoro CTpauiHoro MO>KCT CTiyHMTbcn, ecnM si cpa3y >Ke OTKa^cycb OT 3TOTO MM (J) a ? HeMy MHe cne yeT HayHMTbCH ?

^

^

^

YpoK 6 . Kan nyBCTBa npnxoAHT HaM Ha noiviomb

255

Hnnce 3annniHTe aonojiHMTejibHbie sonpocbi caMOMccneftOBamiH win Ha6niofleHMH, KOTopwe BO3HMKJIH y sac B npoijecce npaKTHKH.

256

fjiaBa

5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

Pa 6o 4 KM J1MCT 6 . B 06o3HaseHMe nyBCTB npn noMoiMM HepBHbix cy6cTpaTOB MHCTpyKi . Ha npoTJOKeHMM npeACTOHm,eM He e/iM, TaK >Ke Kan M npeflbi,n;y^ ^ wpi

mew, BHMMaTenbHO cneflMTe 3a omymeHMBMM M co6bmmMM, KOTopwe npwBO^HT K M3MeHeHMK) TenecHbix omymeHMM M HacTpoemifl. Hcno/ib3yMTe npMBefleHHbie HM ce HaBbiKM Ana onpefleneHim Toro, Kaicafl cncTeMa 3MOijMOHa /ibHOM peaKi iiw ^ ^ Mo ceT

^

mar

^

6biTb 3a,nieMCTBOBaHa

CJIYNAE. Ho Ha STOM Helene MBI noMfleM Ha no 6ope noftxoflnmMx Ha3BaHMM RJUI SMOIJMM

B 3TOM

anbme M c,n;enaeM aiojeHT Ha

.^

M HyBCTB, KOTOpbie Bbl MCnbITbIBaeTe

Illar 1. OmmiMTe TO, HTO Bbi 3Ba7io y sac onpeflejieHHbie SMOI

^

jjyiomMe Bonpocw .

B npot ecce npaKmuKu dnx nymueeo onucanux 3MOU,UU

^

HH , 3a aBaH cjie-

ucnonb3 yume

^

cnedy\ou\ue

eonpocbi .

•

3MOI\UU Henb3H

•

6 bi 36 anu

enympennue co6bimux? ( HanpwMep, Mbic/ib o TOM, HTO

npoBanMTb 3K3aMeH . )

3MOI{ UU

6 H 36 anu enetumie

co6bimux? ( HanpuMep,

KopoBa B 3aflyMHMBO -

CTM ycTaBM /iacb Ha Bac. )

•

KaKyw ponb cbupan KonmeKcm? ( HanpuMep, yTpeHHee HacrpoeHMe B noHeflenbHMK . )

Oiumiirre HMHce flpyrne CBOMCTBa cpirHana, Bbi 3Basmero y Bac 3MOI MII.

^

IUar 2. MCXO#H

M 3 TenecHbix omymeHMM, onpeflejiMTe, KAICAH SMOi MOHanb-

HO -TenecHan cncTeMa TOTIOBHOTO M03ra

^

6buia, cKopee scero, 3afteHCTBOBaHa

B 3TOM cjiynae.

OmMembme me nymcntbi , Komopbie naunyrnuuM o6pa30u onucbieawm eaiuu ow,yw,enux npu amou. Bbi nyBCTBOBanw ce 6n pacc/ia6neHO M OIOKOMHO (cwrHan cwcTeMbi COIJM anbHOM 6 e 3onacHOCTM . )

YpoK 6 . Kan nyBCTBa

npuxofl T HaM Ha

^

noMomb 257

Bbi HyBCTBOBa /m ce6n Ha CTpaace M cocpe,niOTOHeHHO ( cMrHan HOBM3HM ) . Bbi HyBCTBOBa;iM npMTiMB aHeprwM M CMTI ( cMraaTi BoaHarpa fleHMn ) .

^

Bbi McnbiTbiBa /m HanpjDKeHMe, BOTiHeHMe MTIM >Kap (cMraaTi onacHOcm ). Bbi nyBCTBOBanw OTCTpaHeHHOCTb OT peanbHOCTM M OHeMeHMe ( no aBninomM cwraan ) .

^

OnmnMTe HM >Ke #pyrne TenecHbie omymeHHH.

IUar 3. OTBeTbTe Ha Bonpocw o TOM , KaKHMH 6binw Baiun cou, ManbHbie curaaJIM , JJTIH nynmero noHMMaHM nepeacuToro onwTa.

OmMembme eonpocbi , Komopbie HaunymuuM o6 pa30 M onucueawm 603 HUKtuue y

eac ontymemix. HTO 6bmo nerne

— ycTaHOBMTb

3pwTenbHbiM KOHTaKT MTIM Bbipa3MTb CBOM

nyBCTBa ? Bbin TIM TOH Barnero ronoca flo6 po>KenaTenbHbiM ? Kacanwcb TIM Bbi KOTO -TO ? XOTenOCb TIM BaM npn 67IM3MTbCH K APyrMM THOflHM ? (CKOpee BCe -

ro, 6 bma 3aflewcTBOBaHa napacMMnaTMHecKan nacHocTM.)

3aMeTnnn

CMCTeMa coijMaTibHOM

6e30-

TIM BM BHe3anH 0, HTO 3aMepnn M BCMaTpMBaeTecb B/ janb?

MTIM

BHMMATE/ibHO npMcnyiiiMBaeTecb ? ( CKopee Bcero, 6 bina 3a ;a;eMCTBOBaHa CMCTeMa OIjeHKM HOBM3HM.) BbITIM TIM Bbi Hpe3BbIHaMHO SKCIipeCCMBHbl, pa3TOBOpHMBbI M Iljeflpbl Ha >Ke CTbl ? BbITIO TIM BaM CTIO>KHO COCpeflOTOHMTbCfl Ha TOM, HTO TOBOpHT OKpy^aiomMe? He noKa3aTiocb TIM BaM, HTO BM MOITIM ynycTMTb HTO-TO Banoioe M3 CKa3aHHoro flpyrMM nenoBeKOM MTIM cflenaHHoro BO BpeMH Barnero 06meHMfl, HO BBI HMKaK He MornM noHHTb, HTO MMCHHO ? ( Cxopee Bcero, 6 bina 3a eMCTBOBaHa CMCTeMa o cMflaHMH B03Harpa>KfleHMfl CHC. ) ^ Bbmo TIM Barne BbipaaceHMe TiMija 6e3ynacTHbiM? BWTIM TIM BaniM BM^KCHMH MOHO 3aMe TieHHbiMM ? Bbin TIM TeMn Barneii penM Me TieHHbiM , a ronoc TOHHHM ? CMOTpenM TIM BM 6e3ynacTHO B nycTOTy ? ( Cnopee Bcero, 6 bina 3aAeiiCTBOBaHa napacMMnaTMHecKan CMCTeMa OTKTnoneHMJi .)

^

^

^

^—

258 1 /iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

flpyrne COIJIIa /ibHbie curaa /ibi

Illar 4. Had^io aiiTe 3a co6cTBeHHbiMM no6y>KfteHMJiMM K fleMCTBHHM M >xe/ia-

.

HMflMM

^

Ommembme nymrubi , Komopbie naunymuuM o6pa 30 M onucbieawm eatuu on yu e HUK

^ ^

npu amoM .

MHe xoTenocb y6e>xaTb (cKopee Bcero, cTpax). MHe XOTe/IOCb 3axpbITb /IMIJO M /IM MdiapMTbCH (CKOpee Bcero, CTblfl ) . MHe xoTenocb Bee wcnpaBUTb M /IM 3ar/ia,n;MTb CBOIO BMHy (cKopee Bcero, HyBCTBO BMHbl ). MHe xoTenocb ocraTbcn o HOMy M Hnnero He fle/iaTb (cxopee Bcero, flenpeccMB / nena /ib) . MHe xoTenocb 3TO OT6 poarrb M /IM M36aBMTbCH OT Hero (cxopee Bcero, OT-

^

BpameHne )

.

MHe xoTenocb BaHwe ).

Bbipa3MTb cBoe npeBocxoflCTBo

(cxopee

Bcero, flOMMHMpo

-

MHe xoTenocb rpB3Ho cn /ieTHMHaTb o KOM -TO (cxopee Bcero, 3aBMCTb). MHe xoTenocb OTxa3aTbCfl OT noMom; M oxpy >xaiomMx ( cxopee Bcero, o 6 Mfla ). BO3HMX /IO >xe/iaHMe npoflo/i>xaTb (cxopee Bcero, flOMMHupoBaHMe y oBo/ibCTBMM ). MHe xoTe/iocb cflaTbcn M cnucaTb STO Ha oxpyacaiomMX (cxopee Bcero, o6Mfla ). MHe xoTe/iocb MecTM ( cxopee Bcero , 3aBMCTb) . MHe xoTe/iocb He aTb no3HaxoMMTbCH xoMy-TO c 6/IM3XMM MHe ne/iOBexoM (cxopee Bcero, peBHocTb ). MOIbITbIBa /1 nOTpe6HOCTb CTOflTb TMXO M /IM 3aMepeTb Ha MecTe ( cxopee Bcero, HOBM3Ha ). MHe xoTe/iocb o6maTboi (cxopee Bcero, /no6oBb) .

^

^

ypoK 6. KaK nyBCTBa

npMxoflHT HaM Ha

noMomb 259

MHe xoTenocb McaieflOBaTb Bee BOKpyr (cKopee Bcero, nio6 onbiTCTBo ) . MHe xoTenocb He3aMeTHO ycKonb3HyTb ( cxopee Bcero , CTpax ) . BO3HMK /IO >KenaHwe yqapMTb (cxopee Bcero, 3/iocTb). MHe xoTenocb MCcneflOBaTb (cKopew Bcero, 7iio6o3HaTe/ibHOCTb ) . 3ammiMTe flpyrne 3Mou;MOHajibHbie no6yflCfleHMH MHM peaKii, MM .

Illar 5. Onpe ejiMTe | < >yHKijMM SMOIJMM, 6onbine ORHOH

^.

IIOMHH O TOM, HTO MX MOHCCT

6biTb

Omuembme nywcmu, Komopue namyrnuuM o6pa30M onucueawm eatuu ou yu eHUX

^ ^ npu amoM. IIoMor/iM MHe npMHHTb pemeHMe. MOTMBMpOBanM MOM fleMCTBMJL HocnyyKvum BbipaaceHMeM MOMX nepe>KMBaHMM M cMrHanM3MpOBa7iM o HaMepeHMHX.

IIOMOniM MHe c6/IM3MTbCfl C KeM -TO M / MTIM OIU,yTMTb 3MnaTMK).

^pyrne|
yHKijiiii 3MOU,MM

260 Vnasa 5. njiaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT Ular 6. 06paTMTe

,

BHMMamie BW3Banw im STM cnrHanw He3MOijiiOHa 7ibHyK)

peaici MK), CBB3aHHyio

co CKJiOHHOCTbio niofleii c TK o 6pamaTb BHMMaHne Ha fleTajm , HecooTBeTCTBMH, cjieaoBaTb npaBMnaM M / MJIM C npeBocxojjHoii cnoCo6HOCTbK) K CaMOKOHTpOTIK).

^

OmMembme nywanu, Komopbie munymuuM o6pa30M onucbieawm eatuu ou yu eHUX

npu 3 moM .

^ ^

51 CMor 3aMeTMTb Te fleTa /iw , KOTopwe ynycTmm flpyrwe.

51 3aMeTM7I HeCOOTBeTCTBMe, KOTOpOe HMKTO He MCnpaBMH. MOMM noBeAeHneM ynpaBnxim npaBM /ia. Bo3HMKna KOMnynbCHBHan noTpe6HOCTb n /iaHMpoBaTb CBoe noBe,n;eHMe.

Apyrae peaici HH

^

ypoK7

IloHMMaHMe coBAaAaHMii nocpeACTBOM nmepKOHTpoAH

OcHOBHbie noAO>KeHMH ypoica 7 1. Hpe3MepHbm caMOKOHTpo/ib cymecTByeT 6/iaroflapn noAKpennniomMM ero BOSHarpa^fleHMHM, HanpMMep BO 3MO>KHOCTM c6pocnTb napy Kii /iorpaMM, OTKa3biBan ce 6e B >Ke/iaHJiJi noecTb, KOTopan AaeT noBO# A /IH ropAOCTM co -

6OM M oinymeHMe ycnexa. 2. HTO6M cnoMaTb npwBbiHKy, Hy >KHO 3HaTb, HTO ee noflKpemmeT.

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi • (flono/iHMTe/ibHo )

• • •

Pa 3flaTOHHbm MaTepwan 7.1, “OcHOBHbie nono^ceHMH . IloHMMaHMe 7 ypoKa coBnaflaHM^ nocpeACTBOM mnepKOHTpo/in ” Pa6oMMM 7IMCT 7.A, WrnnepKOHTpOnb MO>KeT BOMTM B npMBblHKy”

Pa6oHMM 7IMCT 7.B, “ riOMCK npMBblHHblX CnOCo6 oB COB /ia Me/iOBan flocna M Men MTIM MapKepHan Aocica M Mapnepbi

^aHMH”

( PeKOMeHAyeTca ) npaKTMKa oco3HaHHOCTM TunepKoumpoAt npuBumta , om Komopou ne man npocmo U 36a6umt>cn! )

—

nPMMEHAHI/IE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. Bo/ibWMHCTBO JiK)flei/i BepaT B TO, HTO nyBCTBa TaBT B ce6e cipaflaHMB. B PO flllT aKLiem fle/iaeTca Ha TOM, HTO, XOTH nyBCTBa MoryT 6 biTb 6one3HeHHbiMn, npo6/ieMa BOBce He B TOM, HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe B JIK)6 OI4 KOHKpeTHbii/i MOMeHT BpeMeHM , a B TOM, HTO Bbi fle/iaeTe B oTHOiueHHM CBOUX LieHHocrei/i. Hpe3MepHbM CaMOKOHTpO/1 b M Hecn 0C06 H 0CTb OTKpbITbCfl HeraTMBHO BJ1MHK)T Ha COLJMa /ibHbie CBH3H. TpeHepy Heo6xoflMMO ncxaTb BO3MO>KHOCTM noflKpenneHMH 3TMX Ha 6/noAeHHM BO BpeMH oGyneHMfl.

•

—

CaMOKOHmponb amo cnocodHOcmb nodaenxmb aMOt uonanbHbie no6ywdeHUH , nopbiebi u npoxeneHUx padu docmuxcenux domocpOHHbix

^ eneu.

i

^

262 fhaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flnT

• B 6omjtueu nacmu KyntJtnyp ( OO3MOMHO, GO ocex ) batman cnocodnocmb omcotco tietmmcHy M MHorne cHMTaiOT ee ceKpeTOM ycnexa M cnacTbH . concanenuto, y ntodeu c TK CJIUIUKOM MHOZO xopoiuezo: ux COMOKOH mponty emiuen u3- nod KOHmponn, u 6 pe3ym>mame OHU cmpadatom ( xomn u Monna ) HanpwMep, fleBM 30M niofleM c TK MoaceT ciaTb (J>pa3a ECTIM co MHeBaeuibCH , npMMeHnn caMoo 6;iaflaHMe” He3aBiicMMO OT o6 croflTe/ibCTB MTIM noTeHUiManbHbix nocneflCTBMM . OHM cioioHHbi K nepc[)eKij; MOHM 3 My, 3aMeHaiOT noBCiofly OAHM OUIM 6 KM ( npeMMymecTBeHHO , B caMMx ce 6 e ) M

• K

.

ynopHee ATIH npeAOTBpameHMn ^ . eM Ayn ^ Ho ecnu TK 6 m3meaem cmonbKO npo6neM , ttoneMy

TPY

•

HTCH

B03M 0)KHbix

Bcex

OH

npo6 /ieM B 6y -

nonpocmy ne uc-

He3 Hem? OTBCT Ha STOT Bonpoc KpoeTCM B HaBbiicax , KOTOpbie MM

ceroflHH

M 3yHMM .

• CoonadaHue npu HOMOU U TK ne ucHe3aem, nomomy nmo xomn 6m uno-

^

.

-

nojiynuntb 603 HazpawdeHue ( UJIU nodKpenneHue ) Ha npMMep, npMTBopnflCb, HTO Bee B nopMAKe , MO>KHO npeAOTBpaTMTb KOH ( )TIMKT, pa6 oTa AonrMMM nacaMM MHorAa npMBOAMT K noBbimeHMio no

zda no36 onnem

J

CJIY>x6e, miaHMpoBaHMe nacTO no 3BonneT npeAOTBpaTMTb 6yAyiflMe npo 6neMbi , cneAOBaHMe npaBH /iaM o 6biHHO ynponjaeT >KM 3Hb .

3a6aBHbie (t)aKTbi. CriopaflMHecKoe B03Harpa >KfleHMe MeiuaeT M 36aBmbca OT BpeflHbix npHBbinex!

BOSMOKHO, 3T0 Ka >KeTCB HecKO/ibKO KOHTpuHTynTMBHbiM, nepMOflMMecKi/ie noflKpen /ieHUB MJIM cnyMaviHbie B03Harpa >KAeHMfl MeinaioT n 36aBMTbCB OT BpeflHbix npii BbmeK. HanpHMep, He Bcerfla MO>KHO BbinrpaTb y cnoT-MaujMHbi, XOTB 3TO 6 bi/io 6 bi npeKpacHO, He TaK /in ? [ loBefleHMe reM6/iMHra noflKpen /irieTCfl TO /ibKO HHorfla, HO MW npoflOB>KaeM KopMMTb ee MOHeiaMM! rioHeMy ? lloTOMy MTO M 03r 3HaeT; MTO BO3Harpa >KfleHne B03M 0WH 0, XOTB H He 3HaeT, Korfla MMCHHO MO>KHO ero nonyMMTb M CKONBKO ABB 3Toro noHaflo6 mcB ycM /mw, T.e. fleHer! Ha c/iOT-MawHHax B Jlac- Bera ce npu OTcyTCTBMH HeMefl/ieHHoro B03Harpa >KfleHi/ifl Mbi npo6yeM CHOBa. Torfla KaK npu HeMeflneHHOM B03Harpa >KAeHMM, HanpMMep, npu noKynKe BOflbi B aBTOMaTe Ann npofla >Kn HanMTKOB, Mbi He npoflonwaeM KopMMTb ero fleHbraMM CHOBa M CHOBa, ecnu He nonyMaeM wenaHHbii/i HanmoK, B 3TOM c/iyMae Mbi , CKopee Bcero, ero yflapHM ("XH-XM!"). IloMeMy ? noTOMy MTO Haw M 03r nptiBbiK nonyMaTb noflKpen /ieHMe OT aBTOMaia fl/ia npofla >KM Hani/iTKOB Ka>KflbM pa 3, Torfla KaK co c/iOT-MaiuMHOH Mbi npeflno/iaraeM, MTO B03Harpa >KfleHne flocrynHOTO/ibKO HHorfla . HepMOflHnecKi/ie noflKpenjieHMfl fle/iaiOT a 3apTHbie nrpbi TaKMMM 3awnBaiOLflMMM , a TaKtie C /10>KHblMM B npeofloneHi/iM. npHBbNKH, KaK rMnepKOHTpOJlb, “

—

—

ypoK 7 . noHMMaHne coB/iaflaHM

^ nocpeflCTBOM mnepKompo/ifl

263

( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHHe o6yneHMH runepKoumpOAt Moncem Soumu 6 npu6 uHKy npeflnoHaiTe ynacTHMKaM 03HaK0MMTbCfl c pa6oHMM JIIICTOM 7.A, ‘TmiepKOHTpOTIb MOHCeT BOMTM B IipMBblHKy”. riPMMEHAHI/IE flJlH TPEHEPA. Jlymukm cnoco6 npuMeHeHna 3Toro pabonero mHapucoBaTb Ha flocKe KawflbM KOMnoHeHT Moae/n/i, M 3o6 pa >KeHHOM Ha flna ~ rpaMMe B paboneM /lucre 7.A, a 3aieM pacKpbiTb Kawfloe M 3 no/io>KeHHM H nonpocuTb npMBecTu cooTBeTCTByiOLLine npuMepw nepefl TeM, KaK nepexoflHTb K c/ieayjoi eMy nyHKTy. Hanpi/iMep, HaHHi/ ue c Toro, HTO HapMcywie KBa paT B zieBOM nacTM AOCKM M HanmuHTe B HeM CJIOBO "CUrHAJl" 3aieM nonpocwe npHcyTCTBytomi/ix Ha 3aH «TMM npnBecn/1 npHMepbi 3M 0 i4 H 0 Ha /ibHbix co6 biTHH , KOTopbie Bbi 3 biBaK)T nepeKmanm ( HanpHMep, omymeHi/ie HeyBepeHHOcm, npHB/ieneHne K ce6e Bceobmero BHHM3HHH , acci/iMeipuHHoe pacnpefle/ieHMe MecT 3a obefleHHbiM CTOJIOM, npocb6a BblCK33aTb CBOe MHeHMe, CTaTb o6beKTOM KpHTMKH H /1 M COBepilJeHMe OLUHGKM ) , M paccKawme o K /uoneBbix KOHpenpHax, onupaacb Ha no/ioweHi/ifl o6yHeHMfl , npi/iBefleHHbie Hn >xe. 3aieM HapHcytrre KBaflpaT, Hanmume B HeM "HE>KEJlATE.nbHblE MJ1 I/1 HEnPMflTHblE BHYTPEHHME l IEPE>KMBAHMfl" M nonpocme npi/iBecTH npHMepbi, a 3aieM pacKpoi/ue cooTBeTCTBy »omne no/iOKeHUB 3aHHTHB. npoflo/iwanTe B TOM >xe flyxe c Ka >KflbiM KOMnoHeHTOM, noKa He Hapucyeie BOO fluarpaMMy H He obbacHme Ka >Kflbm ee nyHKT. npeflnowme ynacTHUKaM 3anncaTb B paboneM /lucre 7.A /iHHHbie Ka >Kfloro KOMnoHeHTa. npHMepbi cTa

—

^

^

"

lUar 1. OTcne^CMBaHMe TpmrepoB, KOTopwe Bbi3biBaiOT coB/ia

^aHHe c noMO-

mbio TK. • FK u 3aKpbimocmir name eceeo 603 HUKatom, Koeda cpeda cHumaemCH ducKOMCpoptttHou, HeoxcudaHHOu, H 060U uiiu Hecoomeemcmeywu eu OMUdaHUXM . S CnpocMTe: KaKou mun cuenanoe 6U 3bi6 aem y eac OKenanue coenadamb c cumyaUfUeu npu noMOu u 3aKpumocmu unu rK ? PacnpocTpaHeHHbiM npw MepOM HBJIHIOTCH HOBbie CMTyaiJMM, npOCb6bI BblllO/IHMTb OnpeAe/ieHHbie ACMCTBMH , o6Hapy>KeHiie OHIM6OK B AOKyMeHTe, coBepmeHwe OIIIM6KM, omynj,eHne CBoeii OTKpbiTOCTM M /IM yH3BMMOCTM ( HanpMMep, npebbreaHMe B i eHTpe BHMMaHMH ). TpeHepy cneayeT nonpocMTb ynacTHMicoB noAe/iMTbca CBOMMM npMMepaMM noAobHbix CMrHanoB c rpynnoii M 3anw caTb MX B KBa paTe nop, Ha3BaHMeM “CPirHAJIbl ” B paboneM /mere.

^

^

^

^

Illar 2. OimuiMTe CBOM BHyTpeHHMe CO6WTMH (MMOIM, nyBCTBa, omymeHMB, BOcnoMMHaHMB/ npeACTaBneHMa ) , CBH3annbie c coBJiaflaimeM npu noMomM TK .

264

QiaBa

( /iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT 5. 1

KaKue HeoKenamenbHue enympenHue co6bimux nau e ece zo npediuecmeywm coenadanuw npu noMOW,u FK? IIpMMepbi MoryT BKTIIOHaTb pMrMflHOCTb HieM M 7IM BHC3aiIHyK) TOTIOBHyiO 6071b, MblCTIM, noflo6Hbie Onu ne uienxm MOU wepmeu, omymeHMe pa 3,o;pa >KMTe/ibHOCTM , cMTibHoe >Ke/iaHMe MJIM noTpe6HOCTb McnpaBMTb HecooTBeTCTBwe,

S CnpocMTe:

^

omymeHMe TpeBorw MJIM HeyBepeHHocTM, omymeHMe OTCTpaHeHHOcTM, MbiaiM, no,o;o6Hbie Flpaeuna cyw ecmeywm dnx mozoy nmo6bi UM cnedo -

,

eanu, omymeHMe CMymeHMH.

.

Ular 3 OnpejjejieHMe noTpe6HOCTM naTenbHbie BHyTpeHHMe CO6HTM X

-

B

KOTopyio Bbi3biBaiOT Hence

.

CnpocMTe: BO3 HUKJIO nu y Mem ncenanue U 36ewamb cmpeccoeou cumya u,uu unu 63xmb ee nod Konmponb? Jlwdu c rK KOMnyjibcueHo ucnom>3ywm pa3 Hue nodxodm coenadanux. HanpMMep, STO MCOKCT 6biTb >Ke/iaHMe McnpaBMTb npo6neMy; 3aKa3aTb HOByio nocy OMoenHyio MauiMHy cpa3y >Ke nocne TOTO, KaK CTapaa Bbirnna M3 CTpoB; pa6 oTaTb ,niono3flHa, HTO 6M BbinonHMTb Becb cnMCOK 3aflan Ha ceroflHfl; neMe nenno orpaHMHMTb Bee TiMiiiHMe KanopMM, KaK TOTIBKO noBBM /icfl TiMHiHMM KMnorpaMM; HyBCTBOBaTb ce6 x o6H 3aHHbIM OTBenaTb Ha Ka>Kfloe aneKTpoHHoe nMCbMO nepe# TeM, KaK OTfloxHyTb. Co6 brmfl , KOTO S

•

^

^

pbie Bbi3biBaiOT TpeBO CHOCTb, MoryT KOMny/ibCMBHO 3acTaB7iHTb Bac npM -

^

HMMaTb B HMX ynacTMe,

•

fla >Ke ec/iM B STOM HeT Heo6xo MMOCTM.

^

coenadauux o6t>mno eki3 eam>i xcenanuem em, uzpanw e3xnw cumyai uw nod Konmpont* unu doMunupoeanw e KOH Kpemuou cumyauluu unu e omuouienuxx c modbMu, M STO MO)KCT CTaTb npeflBecTHMKOM HeHaBMcm K ce 6e RJIX jiiofleM c IK . HanpMMep, earn MX CNPOCMTB O HeM -TO, OHM MOiyT nonbITaTbCH 3aCTaBMTb OnnOHeHTa 32LW,W maTbcm OTBenaa BonpocoM Ha Bonpoc; MoryT coniacMTb c n /iaHOM, TOHHO 3Han, HTO HMKorAa He 6yn;yT ero npMflepxcMBaTbcn M;IM 6y yx ero ca6oTM poBaTb; MoryT o6MaHbiBaTb MTIM BCCTM HenecTHyio Mrpy pa M BbiMrpbima; MoryT npeflHaMepeHHo enaTb BM;O;, HTO o6naAaioT ocTaTOHHOM KOMne Hpe3MepHbie

nonmmKu

^

^

^ ^ KOHTpOTIfl CMTyaiJMM; CKpbITb Ba >KHyiO

^

TeHI MeM M7IM nOTIHOMOHMHMM

^

MH (])OpMaiJMK), HT06 bI COXpaHMTb /IMflepCKMe

•

n 03MIJMM. Jhodu c TK nacmo npudezawm K coenadanuw npu UOMOU U U 36ezanux. HanpMMep, OHM nbiTaioTCH He flyMaTb o npo6neMe; OTBneHbcn; yMTM OT Heo6xo,u; MMOCTM pernaTb npo6neMy; OTKa3aTbcn OT oTHomeHMM; nepeKnioHMTb BHMMaHMe OKpy CaiOmMX; npMTBOpMTbCH , HTO He CHblHianM CKa3aH ^ HOTO; MeH iTb TeMy pa3roBopa; no aBMTb CBOM nyBCTBa; o6BMHMTb ApyrMx ^ B co6 cTBeHHbix npo6neMax; HacTOHTb Ha HeB03M0>KH0 CTM B3HTb Ha ce 6n

^

^

ypoK 7 . noHMMaHne coB a ,qaHMfl nocpe,qcTBOM mnepKompo/ifl 265 ^ OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb MUM Ha TOM , HTO B

npMeMneMoro pemeHMii.

•

A ^HHOM CMTyaijMM

He cynjecTByeT

CoenadaHue KUK npu HOMOU U u36eeanuH, man u npu nomou u nozpyuceHUH Mowem 6bimb deucmeeHHbiM 6 onpedenennoM KonmeKcme. IIpo6ne-

^

^

..

npM pwrM O HOM npMMeHeHMM 3TMX MeTOflOB COBTiaA &HMH HeaKTya /ibHbix o6 cTOHTenbCTB. HanpwMep, KTO -TO HeMe TieHHO HOByio CTMpanbHyio ManiMHy, KaK TonbKo CTapan nepecrana

Mbl B 03HHKai0T

3aBMCMMO OT 3aKa3bmaeT

^

pa6oTaTb, TonbKo HTO6BI o6Hapy>KMTb Ha cne yioinMM A ^Hb, HTO npo6neMa 6 bma B 3a6MBHieMCfl KaHaTiM 3aijMM , a He B caMOM CTMpanbHOM MarnwHe. PlHOTAa noAO>KAaTb, nepeA TeM KaK pernaTb npo6neMy, MOTKCT 6 biTb noTie3HO RJIK c6opa AononHMTe/ibHOM MHcjropMaijMM o TeKymew CMTyaijMM.

^

lllar 4. Ha6nK)AeHMe 3a npoHBiieHiiHMii coBnaAaHMH npu noMoujM TK . • Cpedu nponezo nenoBeK MO>KeT OTKTHOHaTbcn; oTpMijaTb npo6neMy; MTHOpwpoBaTb MTiM AenaTb BMA, HTO He cnbiman HenpwHTHOM o6 paTHOM CBH3M; HeT; OTKa 3bmaTb npiiTBopHTbCH, HTO Bee B nopiiAKe, KOTAa Ha caMOM Aene CH OT OTHOHieHMM, BMCCTO TOrO HTo6 bI pa 306paTbCH B KOH (J)HMKTe; AyTbCH; o6M>KaTbcn; yxoAMTb; nepeAenbmaTb pa6oTy BMCCTO ApyrMx; 6 OMKOTMPOBaTb; xoAHTb c 6e3ynacTHbiM Bbipa>KeHMeM TiMija; 6necJ) OBaTb; ca6oTMpoBaTb MUM npeHe6pe>KMTe7ibHO OTHOCMTbcn K ycMUMHM MUM pa6oTe Apyrnx niOAew; ynbi6 aTbCH, McnbiTbiBan 3nocn>; KOMnynbCMBHO npOHBTiHTb 3a6oTy 06 onpy>KaiOIAMX; 6bITb OAep>KMMbIM ACTa^HMH; TepHTb H 3 nOTDI 3peHHH o6lAyK) KapTMHy; MeHHTb TeMy pa 3TOBopa; cor /iamaTbcn c KCM-TO, BTawHe ocraBancb

—

HecomacHbiM; 3aHMMaTbcn HaBH3HMBbiM

nnaHMpoBaHMeM MTIM peneTMu,MeM; Ae/iaTb BMA, HTO TOTOB coTpyAHMHaTb, BTaiiHe ca6oTMpyn; AyMaTb o CMepTM MTIM caMoy6MMCTBe; npMHMHHTb ce 6e BpeA; yHM caTb ce6n ; HaKa3bmaTb

ce6n; HacTaMBaTb

^

Ha TOM, HTO HMHero He M3MeHMTiocb; paccKa 3bmaTb Apy-

A^TiaTb M KaK Ce6fl BeCTMJ HaCTaMBaTb Ha TOM, HTO eCTb TOTIbKO OAMH cnoco6 CAenaTb HTO- TO npaBMTibHO MTIM HTO TonbKo OAHa TOHKa 3peHMH npaBMTIbHaH; KpMTMKOBaTb Tex, KTO OTTIMHaeTCH; A ^MOHCTpMpOBaTb nomiyio o6ecnoKoeHHOCTb; TiraTb, HTO6W M 36 e>KaTb Bceo6mero ocy>KAeHMH MTIM OAEP)KaTb no6eAy; M36eraTb ny6nMHHOCTM; )KenaTb npM3HaHMH, HO HMKOTAa o HeM He npocMTb; HacTOMHMBO npMACp cMBaTbCH onpeAeTieHHoii (JropMbi TMM , HTO MM

^

noBeAeHMH MTIM TepneTb cMTibHbiM CTpecc, HecMOTpn Ha OHCBMAHO He6naronpMHTHbie nocneACTBMfl; HacTOMHMBO xoAMTb Ha BenepMHKM MUM ApyrMe coi MaTibHbie CO 6MTMH paAM nyBCTBa BbinoTiHeHHoro Aonra, a He noTOMy, HTO xoneTcn ; HMKorAa MUM noHTM HMKorAa He no 3BoiuiTb ce 6e OTAbixaTb; CKpbiBaTb CBOM nyBCTBa; npeHe6 pe>KMTeiibHO OTHOCMTBCH K ycnexy OKpy>KaioIAMX; He npMHMMaTb KOMnnMMeHTbi; HMKorAa MUM noHTM HMKorAa HMKoro He a”, AyMan XBanMTb; OTKa3biBaTbCfl OT npeATio>KeHHOM noMOiAM; roBopMTb

^

266 f/iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

“ Hei”; o,o;ep>KMMO pa6oTaTb Ha pemeHneM npo6neMbi; o6BMHHTb oicpy>KaIOIIJMX wm Becb Mnp B co6cTBeHHbix nyBCTBax win peaKijMflx; npe3MepHO

^

J

( ) OKyaipOBaTbCH

M3BMHHTbCH

Ha

nopn

HMKOrfta.

^

Ke H CMMMeTpMM; IIOCTOHHHO M3BMHflTbCH KJIM He

Illar 5. OTcneHCMBaMTe nocjieftCTBMH TK. • rK npueodum K npodneMUM 6 omdanennou nepcneKmuee. HanpwMep, M36eraHwe MO ceT noMemaTb BbiyniiTb HTO -TO HOBoe vum Hanra /iynnnin ^ cnoco6 pemeHMH npo6/ieMM. KoMnynbCMBHoe KOHTponnpoBaHJie vum MC vum BbiropaHmo, npaBTieHMe MO>KeT npMBecTM K npe3MepHOM ycTanoc , KOTopoe MO^ceT ycyry6nHTbCH TeM HTO ocTanbHbie He ijeH^ T BCIO Ty TH >Ke/iyio pa6oTy MJIM caMono^cepTBOBaHMe, Ha KOTopoe n ,n;eT nenoBeK c TK , npMBOflH B HTore K He oBonbCTBy n o6 np;aM. • HecMompn na e u,e7ioM cdepMUHHmu xapaKmep, modu c TK oicasmeawtn STO OBO/ibHO cunbHoe 67iUHHue na OKpyxcawmux ( HanpwMep, 6 OMKOT MonjHbiM cou; ManbHbiM cnrHa /i Heoao6 peHMH wm 3710 cm ). no CBoen cyTM TK OTHOCMTCH K npo6neMe SMOijMOHanbHoro OAMHonecTBa, cBfl3aHHoro C flecjMIJHTOM COIJMaTIbHbIX CMrHanOB M C/IO>KHOCTbK) B (J) OpMMpOBaHMM

^

^

•

6/IM3KMX OTHOmeHMM. S CnpocnTe: KaK eu dyuaeme, enmwm nu eatuu npoxeneHM rK na omnomenuK c OKpyMaww,UMU ? K tnoMy Me rK coxpauaemcH , nomoMy nmo nodKpennxemcH ( xomx 6m UHoeda ). II /iaHMpoBaHjie, ynopHan pa6oTa, cooTBeTCTBwe OKM aHMHM M ^ cnoco6HOCTb oTK7ia,n;biBaTb B03Harpa^c,qeHMe MoryT noMOHb B flocTPDKeHMM )KenaeMbix ijeneM. 0 ;ep>KMMOCTb pa6 oTow pa w pemeHMfl npo6neMbi ^ ^ M 7m McnpaB /ieHMfl OIHM6 OK MO ceT noAKpennHTbCH npo# BM)KeHneM no ^ cny>K6e. llpeflBapMTenbHbie peneTPmMM no3B07iHK)T y/iynmuTb pe3ynbTaTbi. I/l3MeHeHHe TeMbi pa3roBopa Ha MeHee 3MOijHOHa /ibHyK) MO ceT no,n;^ KpennHTbcn nyBCTBOM o6nerHeHMH . S CnpocnTe: Hmo nodKpennxem npoxenenux eatueeo FK?

ypOK 7. /\ oMauiHee 3aAaHne nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. riepefl TeM KaK Ha3HaMMTb flOMawHee 3a,qaHMe Ha 3aH«HeoGxOflMMO 03HaK0MMTb yHaCTHMKOB C pa60HMM J1MCT0M 7.5 M y6eflMTbCfl B TOM, HTO OHM noHRTiM, KaK MM cneflyeT 3ano/iHBTb ero Ha npoTaweHMM npeflCTOHineM Hefle/iM.

TMM 7,

.

1 (06n3aTenbHo) Pa6oHnii

.

BJiaaaHHH”

HMCT

7.B, IIOWCK

npMBWHHbix

cnoco6oB co-

ypoK 7 . floHMMaHMe coB aflaHM nocpe,qcTBOM ^ ^

mnepKOHTpo/ifl

267

PaAkiKa ^ bHan OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbiM MaTepMan 7.1 OcHOBHbie nojioxeHna ypoKa 7. rioHUMaHne coBjiaflaHHa nocpefldBOM TK

1. Hpe3MepHbiw

caMOKOHTpoTib cymecTByeT

6/iaroAapn

noAKpen /unomMM

ero

B03HarpaHCAeHMHM , HanpwMep BO3MO CHOCTPI c6 pocnTb napy KM /iorpaMM, OT-

^

ropAocTM CO 6 OM ^ ycnexa. 2. HTO6W c/iOMaTb npwBbiMKy, Hy >KHO 3HaTb, HTO ee noAKpennneT. Ka3 biBan

ce6e

B

e e, KOTopan flaeT noBOfl ATIA

M omymeHMe

B

7

—_

^

o° .

OQ

*

i

Q O

ripuMepbi: npocTO MO/maTb;

^

runepKOHTpo^ b ?

npOBB/lBJICB MOM

/

Kax noflKperviflJKfl MOM rMnepKOHTpo /ib ? ^

flenaTb BMfl, MTO Bee B nopaflKe; MeHBTb TeMy pa3roBopa; yxoflMTb; TpyflmbCB eme ynopHee

°o o

^

C nOMOLI bK) K3KHX

r

coL4na bHbix cuma /ioB

CoB/iaflaHMe, xapaKTepHoe A/iB rnnepKOHTpo/iB

o

riOTpe6HOCTb B fleMCTBMM

noc/ieflCTBM«

ripuMepw: pa 3flpa>KeHne, OTCTpaHeHHOdb, CMymeHMe, HeyBepeHHoerb, crpax, ro/ioBHaB 6onb

Co6btTMfl

HENPUFLTHBIE BHyTpeHHue

He>Ke^aTe/ibHbie I/IJIM

Kaxue HenpMBTHbie nepewuBamifl npefliuecTBOBa^ M coB/iaflaHMK) npn noMOLqn runepKompo/iB?

wKatjjy, KOMn/iMMem, oujn6Ka

HepOBHO BbICTaB/ieHHbie KHMTM

ripuMepbi: HeoKHflaHHoe co6biTue, KpmuKa B MOM aflpec,

Cuma /ibi

KaKOM cuma/i npMBen K npuBbNHOMy coB/iaflaHmo npn noMOujM runepKOHTpOJlfl M/1M 3aKpblTOCTM ? .

*

cmyaunn MJIM B3HTb ee nofl KOHTpOJlb ?

( BO3HMK^ O jiny MeHfl >KenaHne M36e>KaTb crpeccoBOM

funepKOHTpOJlb MOXeT BOpITM B npMBbIHKy

PaAMKdJlbHasi OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 6 oHHMI J1MCT 7.A

ypoK 7 . floHMMaHne coB /iaflaHMfi nocpeflCTBOM rMnepKompo/ifl 269

PaAMKanbHaji OTKpbuocTb. Pa 6oHMPi JIMCT 7.6

rioUCK Ha

npUBblHHblX

CnOCoSoB COBJldflCIHHfl

npoTHHceHMM npeACToameH He enii OTOieacMBaMTe cnrHanw , KOTopwe

^

omymeHMe cTpecca MJIM HencenaTenbHbie M HenpnHTHbie 3MOU; MM ( asepcnBHoe HanpjDKeHHe) . OHM MoryT omymaTbcn KaK Hanpn >KeHMe, pa3#pa-

Bbi 3biBaiOT

^ceHMe, HeTepneHMe, oTBpanjeHMe, rpycTb, TpeBO^cHocTb M/IM anaTMH. Onpe^e-

TiMTe, HTO

npoM30inno, npM noMOipM

c/ieAyiomMx rnaroB.

. HTO cTano TpMrrepoM MJIM Kaa HanpMMep, B03M0)KH0, BaiH HaHaJIbHMK nOnpocM /i BbicKa3aTb CBoe MHeHMe o HOBOM npoeKTe M /IM coceA npMDiacM /i Ha nan , MJIM Bbi nOJiyHM /IM 3JieKTpOHHOe nMCbMO, B KOTOpOM COo 6 ma /IOCb O npOflBM >KeHMM no c/iy >K 6e Barnero conepHMKa.

OnnniMTe cMTyaijMio, B KOTOPOM

Bbi 0 Ka 3 /iMCb

KOM CMTHaJI BbI3Ba 7I 3TM OIIjymeHMfl ?

Ha6nK) aiiTe 3a CBOMMM MWCJIHMM , nyBCTBaMM M SMOIJMHMM M 3anncbiBaM Te MX. Ha6mo,a;aMTe 3a CBOMMM MMCJIHMM M 3anMCbiBaMTe MX, Ha 3biBanTe CBOM 3MOIJMM. Ou eHMTe MHTeHCMBHOCTb 3MOU; MM ( no IHKa /ie OT 1 AO 10 , r e 10 3TO HanOonbrnan MHTeHCMBHOCTb). npMMepbi Mbic/ieM: R ne 3 naw, KaK npaeu/ibno ce6x eecmu e amou cumyai uu; OHU nodyuawm, nmo x eedy ce6x znyno; Bee mynu u npumeoptUjUKU , R eedy ce6x neucKpenne unu nxcueo; HUKYYIO menx ne v enum; Henb3X noKa3bieamb ceou cna6ocmu; Upaeuna nyxenu dnx moeo, nmo6bi ux eunonnxmb; Hyecmeo codcmeennou npaeombi eaxenee cuMnamuu OKpyxcawu ux. npMMepbi nyBCTB: 3nocTb, 4)pycTpan;Mn , >Ka >KAa MCCTM, CTpax, TpeBora, pa30napoBaHMe, rpycTb, 3aBMCTb, peBHOCTb, nyBCTBO CTbifla, cMyipeHMe, yHM >KeHMe, OTCTpaHeHHOCTb MJIM 6e3pa3JiMHMe, anaTMH , noAaBneHHOCTb, 03Jio 6/ieHHOCTb,

^

.

^

^

—

^

^

.

BMHa

OnnuiMTe,

KaK Bbi nocryiiMJiM B 3TOM cMTyau, MM .

HTO Bee B nopn Ke? Corjiama /iMCb c ApyrMM

HanpMMep,

npMTBopn /iMCb,

ne/iOBeKOM Ha c/iOBax, HO He Ha ene? COOMTMH ? YnopHO TpyAM /iMCb Ha# TeM , HTO6M H36era/iM npMcyTCTBMH BO BpeMn

^

^

270 DiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT

peumnw npo6neMy? BbiCTpo Harnnw npMHMHy, no KOTopon 6oTaeT? M 3MeHn /m TeMy pa3roBopa? yka3ann flpyroMy necpa ^ ero 6 oinn Ha xy? M30/mp0Banncb vum M36e>xanM pa3roBopoB o npo6nenoBexy , Me? AyMann o TOM HTO MO>XHO cae/iaTb, HTO6H noMemaTb ,n;pyroMy nenoBexy Ao6wTbCH ycnexa ? Ocranncb B KpoBaTM n cna /m ? Pa6oTa;iM Ha # TeM, HTO6M c e HaMTM pemeHMe M

npeflno ceHne He

naTb Bee

^

Mflea /ibHO ?

OnMinMTe noc;ieflCTBMfl csoero noBe eHHH. HanpMMep, OTKa3 M TM Ha Bene pnHKy no3BOjmn BaM omyTMTb o6nerneHMe ? BO3MO>XHO, BH BCIO HOHB pa6oTa nu Ha npe3eHTai MeM M nyBCTBOBa /m y OBneTBopeHMe OT TOTO, HTO c e/ianM ee n eanbHOM, XOTH M nponycTMTin xoHijepT cbma ? BO3MO>XHO, BH nonyBCTBOBanii o6nemeHMe OT Toro, HTO y Bac nonynMTiocb He flyMaTb o npo6neMe, HO 3aTeM nyBCTBOBanw ce 6fl 3acnaHHHMM M pa36nTbiM M3-3a TOTO, HTO npocna /in Becb fleHb?

^

^

^

^

^ ^

^

CnpocMTe ce6n: Moenu JIU nocnedcmem cnyoKumb nodicpennenueM moeeo noeedenux? Earn day mo KCIKUM o6pa30M ? MHHMM cnoBaMM, noMorno jm Barne noBefleHwe nonyBCTBOBaTb ce6n nynme Ha HexoTopoe BpeMH ? K xaxwM OT aneHHbiM nocneflCTBMHM MO>xeT npMBecTM OTO noBe eHMe?

^

^

ypoK 8

IlAeMii MMeeT 3HaneHMe IIoHUMaHue HyScmSa omSepMennocmu u couuanbHux SMOT UU

,

^

OcHOBHbie noAO>KeHMB ypoi< a 8 1. HaM nynme BMecTe: npMHa ,o,ne>KHOCTb K nneMeHM 6bina Heo6xo o, MMbiM ycTIOBMeM TIMHHOrO BbI >KHBaHMfl . 2. rineMH MonceT cocTonTb Bcero M3 flByx conneMeHHMKOB. 3. OopMMpoBaHwe nneMeHM HanMHaeTcn c Toro MOMeHTa, Kor a £Ba nenoBexa roTOBbi nowTM Ha onpefle/ieHHbie >xepTBbi pa M Tex, KOMy TpyflHO, HMnero He oncM an B 3aMeH . 4. BonbuiMHCTBO niofleM npMHa,qne>KaT K pa3HbiM coo6nj,ecTBaM. 5. flnn HaiHux AOMCTopMHecKMx npe KOB MCKmoHeHMe M3 nneMeHM nonTM HeM36 e cHO 03Hanano CMepTb. ^ 6. MbI 6MO/IOrMHeCKM CKTIOHHbl 3a60TMTbCH O TOM, HTo6 bI 6 bITb HaCTbK) rpyn nw, noTOMy HTO M3THaHMe M3 nneMeHM 6 bi/io (}) axTMHecxM cMepTHbiM npM 1

^

^

^

^

.

TOBOpOM

.

7. CoiJMa /IbHbie 3MOIJMM BKHIOHaiOT HyBCTBO CTblfla, CMyiU eHMe, yHMnceHMe M nyBCTBO BMHbl. HanaB COMHeBaTbCH B ce6e, MbI CTaBMM nofl COMHeHMe

.

CBOM CTaTyc B nneMeHM

8. HyBCTBO CTbifla o6ocHOBaHO, conneMeHHMKy MnM BBenM

ecnM Mbi

ero

npe,n,HaMepeHHO

B 3a 6ny>x,n,eHMe paflM

npnHMHMnM Bpe# nonyneHMH nMHHOM

Bbiroflbi MnM ecnM Harne noBefleHMe Morno nocTaBMTb no,o; yrpo3y 6narononynMe Been rpynnw.

9. IIonb3yMTecb HaBbixaMM TM6XMM pa 3yM MYflP”, xor#a McnbiTbiBaeTe nyBCTBO cTbifta, cMymeHMH nM6o OTBepnceHHOcTM MnM xor a xa>xeTcn, HTO C BAMM HMKTO He CHMTaeTCH.

^

272 fnaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi • Pa3flaTOHHbiM CTBa

•

• • •

MaTepnan 8.1, “IlneMH nMeeT 3HaneHne .

IIoHnMaHne

nyB -

OTBep CeHHOCTM M COl ManbHblX 3MOIjnn”

^

^

Pa3flaTOHHbm MaTepnan 8.2, “ npoTOTnnnHHoe BbipanceHne 3Mou; nn ” Pa 3flaTOHHbin MaTepnan 8.3, “ PnTyan ocyncfleHnn” Pa3,niaTOHHbin MaTepnan 8.4, TH6KMH pa3yM MYflP. Pa6oTa c nyBCTBOM CTbi a, CMymeHnn n OTBepnceHHOCTn nnn npeHe6penceHnn ” Pa3,niaTOHHbin MaTepnan 8.5, “ IIlKana oijeHKn nHTeHcnBHOCTn coijnanbHbix 3M0ijnn B PO flllT”

^

• Pa 3#aTOHHbin MaTepnan 8.6, “Cnmanbi He flOMnHnpoBaHnn” • (flononHnTenbHo ) Pa3 aTOHHbin MaTepnan 8.7, “OcHOBHbie ^

nononceHnn

ypoxa 8 . IlneMH

nMeeT 3HaneHne: noHnMaHne nyBCTBa OTBepnceHHOCTn coi nanbHbix SMOijnn”

^

• Pa6onnn nncT 8.A, “HaBbixn « Pn6Knn pa3yM MY P ^’ • (flononHnTenbHo) Konnn ncTopnn “Jlynrne BMecTe” #nn

^

ynacTHnKaMn

•

n

HTeHnn Bcnyx

rpynnw

MenoBan ftocica n Men nnn MapxepHan flocica n Mapxepbi

( PeKOMeHAyeTca ) IIoAOJKeHMe ypoica Aymue Snecrne nPMMEHAHUE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. TpeHep MOweT nponuTaTb 3Ty MCTopmo Bcnyx caM MBM cflenaTb Konnn fl /ia Bcex ynacTHUKOB M nonpocmb MX MmaTb MCTopujo Bcnyx no OMepeflM .

“Jlynme BMecTe”: npoHMTawTe MCTopnio Bcnyx, B n eane COM Be ymero TeneBnaeHMH .

^

^

— rnynwM rono-

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YpoK 8. fl /ieMfl MMeeT 3 HaneHMe 273

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5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

Hama ( f )U 3tmecKax cna6ocmt> cnyxcum boKa3amem>cmeou Toro, HTO Harne BbDKMBaHwe 3aBMoiT OT nero-TO 6 onbinero, neM JIMHHAA CMTia, cKopocTb M 7IM CTOMKOCTb. Ee3onacHOcmtJ 6 Konunecmoe: MU OUMUXU dxazodapx tnoMy, nmo MU pa36U7iu cnocodnocmb ( fiopMUpooamb doxzocpOHHbie omHomeHUx u denumbcx i ennuMu pecypcaMU ue mojibKo c nnenaMu ceoeu ceMbu (T.e. C a6c07IK)THbIMM He3HaKOMl aMPl ) . HneMenHue cox3u u unmuMHue omHomenux ocnoouoawmcx na S3auM HOU deMOHcmpat uu yn 3BMMOCTM, OTKPMTOCTM M CMMnaTMM. HaM nynme oMecme Pa6oTaa BMecTe, MM MO)KeM BbinonHMTb Te 3aflanM , npeofloneTb TaKMe nperpaflbi M ,o;ocTMHb TaKMx ijeneM, KOTopbie HeB03MO>K Hbi OAMHoneK ( HanpMMep, co3flaHMe paxeTM fl /ia noneTa Ha JlyHy, coopy^ceHMe erMneTCKMx NWPAMM /J, no6e#a Hafl pas'bnpeHHbiM, HeHacbiTHbiM TlbBOM ). S CnpocnTe: Kame ew,e MOMHO npueecmu npumepbi 3adan, Heeo3MOMHbix dnx ebinonnenux oduHomcaMU ?

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zomoeu noumu na Mepmou padu mozo, Kmo oxaMemcx e CXOMHOU cumyaUjUU , ue OMudax npu amoM Htmezo 63aMen. HanpMMep, OHM TOTOBH 6pocMTb Bee pa M Toro, HTO6M noMOHb BaM, ec/iM Bbi TpaBMMpOBanMCb, M 7IM Bbi 3HaeTe, HTO CMO CeTe K HMM o 6paTMTbCfl, eCTIM B03HMKHCT TaKafl ^ Heo6xOflMMOCTb. HcCTieflOBaHMfl nOKa3bIBaiOT, HTO HaM flOCTaTOHHO Bcero TiMHib enje oflHoro HenoBeica, KOTopoMy MM He 6e3pa3;iMHHM , HTO 6M nyBCTBOBaTb ce 6n B 6e3onacHOCTM. HeM zny6Me 6nu30cmb u cunbnee zomoenocmb Mepmooeamb co6ou o omHomeHuxx MeMdy ynacntHUKaMU zpynnu, meM cunbHee omymenue cou,ua7ibHOu 6e3onacHocmu (CM. pa3#aTOHHMM MaTepna /i 21.2 ). EojibmuHctneo modeu npunadneMam K pa3 HUM nneMenaM ( HanpMMep, K;iy6 bi no yBTieneHMflM, pa6 onMe OT enbi, ceMbfl M poflCTBeHHMKM , HaijMfl , Hace/ieHMe po HOM CTpaHbi M KynbTypHbie Tpa MijMM ). fpynnbi nacTO (J> opeeica

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Moenu cymecnieosatnb monbKO 6

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[ Steklis & Kling, 1985]. TOHHO Tax nee McienioHeHMe M3 nneMeHM 03Hanano noHTM HeM36eneHyio CMepTb RJIK HaniMX npeAKOB ( OT ronoAa MHM B pe3ynbTaTe HanaACHMH XMHJHMKOB ). HenoeenecKuu M 03 Z e HCUUU dnu peazupyem max nee, KUK U 6 nep6 o6bimHbie epeMena . B pe3ynbmame aeonwi uu 6 bipa6otnanacb noebimenHan HyecmeumenbHocmb K cumanaM cot uanbuoeo Heododpeuux HanpMMep, MccneAOBaHMH noKa3biBaiOT, HTO TIIOAM cnoco6 Hbi 6 bicTpo pacno3HaBaTb 3noe Bbipa>KeHMe HeAenb

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276 f /iaBa 5.11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT JINU;a B Tonne,

n TaKne 2000; Schupp et al , 2004].

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ce6e BHMMaHne [£. Fox et al ,

nuu, OKpywawmux modeu, a ueododpeuux, T.e. MH opMan ; ; o ibHO HarneM eM / Ma cou cTaTyce cooTBeTCTBMH COOCTBCHHOTO TeKyni LJMM noBefleHMH OKnflaHnflM coijnyMa n / n /in npoflB/ieHnn cnMnaTMM M /IM aH TMiraTMM CO CTOpOHbl OKpy>KaK)II];HX. flnn Hauiux npednoG , MUGUIUX e cypooux ycnoeunx, u,eua ne3aMeneHHoeo ceoeepeueHHO ueododpeuux 6una CTIUUIKOM GUCOKOU . M3rHaHwe M3 nne MeHM 6 bino, no cy , cMepTHbiM npnroBopoM nun HMX. TdKUM o6pU 30 M , MU 6U 0J102UHCCKU CK710 HHU K GUCOKOMy ypOGHW COutuam>Hou mpeGOMHocmu u CKTIOHHU pacu,enuGamt> nanepeHux dpyeux modeu KUK ueodo6peuue, G ocodetmocmu ecnu cou uanbHue cueuanu ueodH 03 HUHHU. CMTIbHbie HeraTMBHbie OIjeHKM (“OHa MeHH HeHaBMflllT!”) ( ) opMnpyiOTCH oneHb 6 biCTpo Ha ocHOBe OBonbHO CKy Hon MH ( j)opMaijHn. J YcTpamaiomne M arpeccwBHbie rpMMacw aBTOMaTnnecKM Bbi3biBaiOT 6e3ycTiOBHyio 3amnTHyio peaKijMio [ Adolphs, 2008]. HenTpanbHoe Bbipa ^ceHne eOHoe nnn Bbipa^aiomee HeoJinija nacTO HHTepnpeTnpyeTCfl KaK Bpa , ] [ . 6 Butler al et 2003 peHne Ao Mu

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Korfla

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( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHMe odyneHHH M 3ZHdHue:“ Hem, cnacu6o!” •

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M32 Hauue U 3 nneuenu npunuunem 6om> McaieflOBaHMH noKa3biBaiOT, HTO ocTpaKH3M aKTMBMpyeT Te )Ke 30HM TO/IOBHOTO M03ra, HTO M ( ) omynjeHna J n 3nHecKon 6 OTIM [ Eisenberger & Lieberman, 2004] , Tor a KaK npMHHTPie CO CTOpOHbl COn /ieMeHHMKOB BbI3bIBaeT npnHTHbie OmymeHMH , HanpMMep noBbimeHne caMOOi eHKM [ Leary, Haupt, Strausser, & Chokel , 1998; Murray, Griffin, Rose, StBellavia, 2003]. M3ZHaHue GU 3UGaem coi uamynue 3M 0 u,uu, GKmonax cmud , nyGcmGO

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Cmbid npoeoi upyem deMOHcmpat uw noKOpnocmu u yMupomeopHwu ue ncecmbi

^ /ieHHbie Ha fleacKa^/iaijiiK) arpeccMM, npoBOKaijmo cwMna ^ , HanpaB

pa 3pemeHwe BHOBb npMcoeAMHHTbCH K nneMeHM [ Keltner & Marker.; 1998; Tsoudis & Smith - Lovin, 1998 ]. TaKoe >Ke Bbipa^eHMe CTbifla, KaK M y /noflew , KOTopoe c/iy>KMT TeM >Ke cou,HanbHbiM ijejiflM, MO>KHO Ha6/noflaTb y He HenoBeKOo6 pa3Hbix npuMaTOB [ De Waal , 1996; Gruenewald, Dickerson, & Kemeny, 2007; Keltner & Marker, 1998] . YHMBepcanbHbiMM cuma /iaMM

TMH M

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CaMOOfleHKe, KOTOpafl B03HMKaeT npM Hecn0C06H0CTM >KMTb B COOTBeTCTBMM c co6CTBeHHblMM fleHHOCTBMM MJIM npM MfleaJlM3aflMM Ce6fl B npOTMBOBeC pea/lbHOMy MJIM Boo6pa>KaeMOMy MHCHMIO oxpywaioLflMx, KOTopoe Bbi3biBaeT HyBCTBO CTbifla. B OTJIMHMe OT CTbifla, He CyifleCTByeT 0flH03HaHHblX TeJieCHbIX, JIMfleBbIX, BOKaJlbHblX MJIM (j)M3MOJiorMMecKMX npoBBjieHMM nyBCTBa BMHbl [ Ekman, 1992 b; Scherer & Wallbott, 1994]. B fleMCTBMTeJlbHOCTM HyBCTBO BMHbl npOHBJlfleTCB B BMfle CMMBOJIOB (HanpMMep, nOflapxa, HT06bl 3arjiaflMTb CBOK) npOBMHHOCTb) MJIM CJIOB (HanpMMep, M3BMHeHMM), M

n03B0JlBeT npeflnOJIOMMTb, HTO 3BOJUOL4MOHHO OHO HMKOrfla He 6blJ10 CBB3aHO C HYBCTBOM CTbifla. riOMMMO 3TOID, MCCJieflOBaHMB nOKa3blBaiOT, HTO JllOflM He flOBepflIOT Bbipa>KeHMflM HyBCTBa BMHbl (HanpMMep, CJlOBaM ^ripOCTM MeHB"), eCJIM OHM He conpoBo>KflaioTCfl HeBepbajibHOM fleMOHcrpapMeM HyBCTBa, K npMMepy, cooTBeTCTByioifleM no30M, onyifleHHbiM B3m«flOM MJIM noxpacHeHMeM jiMpa [Ferguson, Brugman, White, & Eyre, 2007]. BbipaweHMfl HyBCTBa CTbifla, KOTopoe conpoBowflaeTca M3BMHeHM«MM,

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S CnpocMTe: Hmo eu

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denaeme padu u36ezanun nyecmea cmuda unu cuy -

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•

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c npomnbiMM TpaBMaMM, He MMeiomMMM OTHomeHMH K TexymeM CMTyai MM M /IM pea /ibHOMy noBe eHMio nenoBexa, xoTopbiw McnbiTbmaeT HyBCTBO CTblfla. Hyecmeo cmuda odocuoeauo B Tex c /iynanx, xor a MHAMBMA npe HaMe peHHo npMHMHMTi Bpe# conneMeHHMKy wm o6MaHyn ero pa M /IMHHOM BW ro bi ( HanpMMep, yxpa /i xopoBy y coce a, o6MaHyn M /IM Ben HenecTHyx) wrpy pa M Bbinrpbima, axcnnyaTupoBan 6onee cna6 bix conneMeHHnxoB) npyiOTCH

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

YpoK 8. fl /ieMH MMeeT 3 HaMeHMe 279 M /IM

Korfla ero noBefleHne

Bcero nneMeHM

MODIO nocraBMTb

no# yrpo3y 6/iarono/iyHHe

( HanpwMep, earn cTpa >K 3acHy/i

Ha BaxTe, Ha 3HaneHHbiM

xpaHMTenb O T H R HenpaBH /ibHO pacnopnflMTicH eflHHCTBeHHbiM MCTOHHM KOM nnaMeHM MTIM KTO -TO npoBOUiMpoBan ccopw Meatfly con /ieMeHHMKaMM paflM C06 cTBeHH0M BblTOflbl ) .

•

He6om>iuue cou,uanbHbie npocmytiKU 6 bi3 bi6 awm nyecmeo cMytupnim, a HE cmbida unu eunbi, HanpuMep n /ioxne MaHepw 3a CTOTIOM, rpoMKoe nyKaHne BO BpeMH eaceflHeBHOM nneMeHHon npaKTHKM MO/inaHHa, He3aKpyneHHbin TIO-

•

6MK 3y6HOM nacTbi vum Heco6;nofleHMe pnTyanoB npMBeTCTBim BOTKAH. npOHenemiH CMymetuix omnunawmcx otn npoxenenun nyecmea cmbida. npednoxcume ynacmnuKaM 03 HaKOMumbcx c pa3damoHHbiM Mamepua , JIOM 8.2, “npomomumiHHoe 6 bipaxceHue 3Moufuu \ 06a 3TM nyBCTBa BK /IIO naiOT onycKaHMe TO/IOBM MTIM OTBefleHne B3niHfla. Ho CMyiflemie o6 biHHo conpoBoatflaeTOi ynw6K0M n;in cKpbiToii y/ibi 6KOM, MHorfla HepBHbiMM npMKOCHOBeHMHMM K TIMIJ,y, TOTfla KaK HyBCTBO CTbifla Bbipa ^CaeTCH B XMy pOCTM MTIM 3aKpbIBaHMM 71Mlja pyKaMM. K TOMy >Ke CMymeHMe HaCTO C7I0>K Hee pa3birpaTb, neM CTbifl CTIOTKHO 3a;iHTbCH KpacKow no KOMaHfle.

—

—

3a6aBHbie aKTbi. 3Aecb HeT HHKOTO , KpoMe Hac, Kyp! HyBCTBO CTbifla M ero cnyTHMK — coflMajibHoe M3maHne — noMoraeT HaM noHBTb, noneMy /uoflM no BceMy Mupy TaK o6ecnoKoeHbi rpynnoBOM flMHaMMKOM. ripoBB/ieHMB CTbifla M CMymeHHB noMoraiOT onpeflenuTb CTeneHb copMa/ibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM. B xofle 3BO/iK)L4MM Hauj M03r Bbipa6oTan cnoco6bi onpefle/ieHMH npocoflMa/ibHbix HaKJlOHHOCTeM OKpyTKaiOlflMX TllOfleM M MX rOTOBHOCTb K B33 MMHOMy COTpyflHMHeCTBy Mcc /ieflOBaHMfl noKa3biBaK)T, MTO Mbi MO>KeM onpefle/imb npocoMnanbHbie HaMepeHUB flpyroro ne/iOBeKa, Mcxoflfl H3 npuKOCHOBeHun, y/ibi6KM M o6iflero ypoBHB

.

[ Boone & Buck, 2003; Brown & Moore, 2002; Hertenstein, Verkamp, Kerestes, & Holmes, 2006;Schug, Matsumoto, Horita, Yamagishi, & Bonnet, 2010 ] .

BMopHOHanbHOCTM

S CnpocuTe: flpn noMomu Ka /wx copnanbHbix cnmanoB Bbi onpe/iejifieTe CBOHD npuHafl / ieMHOCTb K KaKOMy -nu6o nnew\enn? HacKO /ibKO Bbi wyecrey-

ere ce6n ero nacrbio? TaMKeHMe MyBCTBa CTbifla 3a He3H3MMTe/lbHblM npOCTynOK Bbl 3 blBaeT HenpMBTMe M

XOBOflHOCTb CO

CTOpOHbl OKpy >KaK) lflMX, TOrfla KaK Bbipa >KeHMe CMyifleHMB Bbl 3 blBaeT MX COMyBCTBMe

. Tax >Ke cnpaBefl/iMBO oOpaTHoe: ecnM npM cepbe3HOM npocTynxe Me/io-

M Ten /ioTy

BeK Bbipa >KaeT CMyLfleHMe, BTO BcrpenaeT HenpMBTMe M MeHbiiie conyBCTBMB, MeM

Bbipa >KeHMe CTbifla 3a cepbe3Hoe HapymeHMe, KOTopoe BOcnpMHMMaeTCB KaK npocoflMa /ibHoe M Bbi 3 biBaeT Ten /ibie MyBCTBa [ Feinberg , Wilier , & Keltner , 2012].

280 Vnasa 5. rinaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT

.

fl/lfl TPEHEPA fl0Ka 3aH0, MTO MyBCTBO CTbifla M BUHW B03HMKaeT npeMMymecTBeHHO B npucyTCTBMM flpyrux zitofleM (B 80-90% Bcex c/iyMaeB) [Tangney,

nPl/IMEHAHI/IE

Miller ; Flicker, & Barlow, 1996]. HyBCTBO CTbifla, B03HMKatoujee B oflUHOMecTBe, Mame Bcero CBB33 HO C BOCnOMMHaHMBMM O npOUJJIOM onbue OTBep>KeHHOCTH I/IJ1M HaCM /IMB (HanpuMep, i/BHacunoBam/ie M/IM HanaflKi/i xy/n/iraHOB B fleTCTBe) i/un/i c pa3Mbiuj/ieHMBMM o HeflaBHeM npocTynKe (Hanpi/iMep, y/n/iMeHi/ie B HeMecmoM nrpe). BO3HMKHOBeHMe 3MOI4HM cneKTpa CMymeHi/iB T3 K>Ke 3aBncm OT npow /ioro oribrra, MCTOPMM o6yMeHMB B OTHomeHMn nofloOHbix cmyaquM, TeMnepaMeHTa (Hanpwviep, MyBCTBMTe/ibHOCTM K HaK33aHMBM) v\ HacroBmero KOHTeKCTa (Tuna copna/ibHOM cmyaMnn). HaKOHep, B3>KHO HanoMHi/iTb yMacmi/iKaM, MTO ci/ima/ibi copi/ia/ibHoro OTBep>KeHi/iB Heo6xoflMMbi fl/iB o6ecneMeHMB Koppumpytoii eM o6paTHOi/i CBB 3M B TOM aiynae, Kor,qa noBe,qeHne MHflUBMfla fleMCTBUTe/ibHO 3ac/iy>Ki/iBaeT Heoflo6peHi/iB (HanpMMep, jio>Kb, HenecTHaB i/irpa, BOPOBCTBO). CTOMT OTMeTMTb, MTO He Bcerfla zierKO pa 3JlMMMTb 060CH 0BaHH0e 1/1 He 060CH0BaHH0e He0fl06peHMe 1/1 3TO o6 bHCHHeT Heo6XOflMMOCTb CyflOB 1/1 He33Bl/lCl/lMblX cyflefi. OCHOBHOM CMblC/1 3aK /lK)MaeTCB B TOM, MTO He/ib3B CMUTaTb cuma/ibi copna/ibHoro Heoflo6peHi/iB n/ioxMMM KaK TaKOBbiMi/i; i/ix none3HocTb 3aBnci/iT OT cnoco6a nx npuiMeHeHUB.

^

"

;

( 06fl3 aTeAbHo) noAOjKeHwe ypOKa

, 6o ^ • Hyecmeo cmbida u dpyeue cox

Coi

ucui bHue 9MOUUU

3HUKawm

,

6 npoi ecce o6iueHun

^uanbHbie 3 MU . Hame ^ moflbMM [ Tangney et al , 1996].

^ ,

Moeym

MOU UU

6bimb O6OCHO-

o6ocHoeaHHbiMu u nonnocmbw ue O6OCHO6 (IHHM OHM B03HMKai0T, Kor a MM HaxoflMMCH pn OM c pyrMMM

eaHHbiMUy HacmuHHo

Bcero

•

Bo3 HUKHoeeHue cou 30M

^

.

anbHbix 3MOU,UU

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npo6 ouJupyemcx cnedywu uM o6pa-

^

• HexcHbiMu unu cnadbiMu cou^uanbHbmu cueuanaMu, Komopbie MOMHO noHxrm>

HenpaeunbHO (HanpMMep, OTcyrcTByromMM B3r /m,a;)

• %6 HbiM omcymcmeueM unu HU3KOU nacmomou oncudaembix unu npuGbiHHbix npocou,uant>Hbix cuenanoe (HanpMMep, OTcyrcTBMe OTBCTHOM ynblOKM MJIM KMBKOB r 07IOBOM)

•

•

%6 Ht>iMu npu3 HaKaMu omeepnceHux unu uumeucuGHbiMu cou,uanbHbi MU cueuanaMU , C6H3 (IHHMMU cpumyanaMu ocyncdeuux (HanpMMep, 3 aKaTbiBaHMe rna3, rpMMaca OTBpameHMH, HacMeniKM)

Hexeubie cueuanbi Moeym umemb maKoe cunvuoe Gnuxuue, nomoMy nmo ux neexo uenpaeunbuo nounnib u omeepeuyntb llpMMepbi HencHbix M cna6bix coi ManbHbix cMmanoB BK /nonaiOT 0TcyTCTByi0Hj;MM B3r 7iB,ni, 6e3ynacTHoe Bbipa^ceHMe TiMUja, nerKyio nonyy biOny c o HOBpeMeHHMM npM^

.

^

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ypoK 8. fl /ieMB MMeeT 3HaneHne 281 mypoM ( BO3MO>KHO, npe3peHne ) , paBHOflyniHbiM TOH ro/ioca, 3/iyio ycMern Ky M /IM yxMbmKy B TO BpeMB, Kor a flpyroii He/iOBex BbicKa 3MBaeT CBoe

^

pa3roBopa M /IM nepeOMBaHMe Toro, KTO xoneT , BbicKaaaTbCH c/ierica oTBepHyToe no7io>KeHMe Te/ia, HaxMypeHHbie 6 poBM, OKaTbie ry6 bi, He>Ke7iaHMe 3aMenaTb Bomeflinero ne/iOBeKa, 3eBaHMe M 3a KpbiBaHwe rna3, Kor a KTO-TO Bbipa >KaeT CBoe MHeHwe. Cna6bie coi uanbHbie cuzuanbi Mozym 6bimb npocmo npuebiHKou unu npoxeneuueM ebizopauux u ue uMentb uunezo o6wlezo c neododpenueM ( HanpMMep, y He/iOBena, c KOTopbiM BW pa 3roBapMBaeTe, ecTb npMBbiHKa 3aKpbiBaTb r /ia3a, pa3roBapMBan c KCM- TO, M /IM y Hero CM /H> HO 6 O/IHT 3y6 bi ) . H ece xce cnadbie couJuanbHbie cuzuanbi Mozym 6bimb npoxeneuueM uc Kpeuuezo Heodo6peHuxy aumunamuu unu 3aeucmuy uaMepeuHO 3ama CKUpoeanubix unu CKpbimbix c ije/ibK) HaKa3aHMii, AOMMHMpoBaHMH M /IM MHeHwe, M 3MeHeHwe TeMbi

•

•

^

^

no/iyneHMH npeMMymecTBa

B OTHomeHMHX ( Hanpmviep, 3eBaTb, Kor

^a ro-

BopMT conepHMK; flenaTb BMA > HTO He 3aMenaemb yApynaiomero COCTOHHMH co6ece,olHMKa; M /IM XO/IOAHO cMOTpeTb Ha Hero ).

eu unmepupemupyeme XMypuu 63znxd nenoeexa, Komo puu monbKO nmo cnpocun eac o nozode, nepcneKmuee KocmmecKux ny -

S CnpocMTe: KaK

memecmeuu unu u,eeme emeu e

KOMname,

e Komopou eu uaxodumeeb?

nPHMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. Bo/ibiiJHHCTBO /itofleii B onucaHHbix Bbiwe cmyapnax 6yflyT BoenpHHMMaTb xMypbm B3mflfl KaK npn 3HaK Heo6ocHOBaHHoro Heoflo6 peHMB, B 0C06eHH 0CTM C yHeTOM Toro , HTO OHH C rOTOBHOCTbK) COr/iaCMJIHCb OTBeTMTb Ha BO npoc Apyroro nenoBeKa , Tpe6yiOLAw/i OTpbiToro Bbipa >KeHna co6cTBeHHoro MHeHMB Ha TeMbi , B KOTopbix He cyiAecTByeT eAUHoro MHCHHB . l/l Bee we MHome JIIOAH xMypBT 6 pOBH HJ1 H XMypO CMOTpflT, KOrAS COCpeAOTOMeHHO AyMaiOT MJ1H BHHMaTe /lbHO c/iymaiOT. M BMCCTO HeoAo6 peHHB 3TO MO>KeT Bbipa >KaTb HCKpeHHUM MHTepec. ECJIM noAo6 Hoe OTHOweHi/ie He Bcn/ibmo BO BpeMH AncKyccm/i, TpeHepy aieAyeT o6 paTMTb Ha 3T0 BHHM 3 HHe .

(AonoAHHTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHHe ypoKa HaKa3anue tinene -HU

•

. Korfla Ma /ieHbKMM Ma /ibHMK M3 CKa3KM IaHca KpMCTwaHa AHAepceHa [ H .C. Andersen, 1837/ 2004] 3aKpMHa /i OTKpbiTO Bc/iyx, HTO “icopo/ib TO/IMM [ Lee & Pinker, 2010 ] , OH He COO6IU; M /I oicpyaca K> IU, MM HMHerO HOBOrO, HO M3MeHM /I MX BOCnpMHTMe, nOTOMy HTO “Tenepb ronbiM , M STO Bee 3HanM , HTO Bee ocTanbHbie 3HaiOT o TOM, HTO Koponb no3B07iM 7io ycoMHMTbCH B aBTopMTeTe BnacTM npM noMOiAM cMexa”

“ Hoebiu KoemwM Koponx”

—

282 DiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

( 06a 3aTeABHo ) MnHM - ynpaxcHeHMe IIoHUMaHue cou,ua, Ai Hux cuznaAoB )

HU 3 KOU

unmeHcuBnocmu

TpeHepy ftjin npoBefleHMB 3Toro ynpaacHeHMB Heo6xop(MMo BbinojiHMTb cneflyiomMe mam.

ffasaume onpo6yeu ne ce6e npuuepu, Komopbie MU monbxo nmo o6cydunu! Pa36eumecb na napu. ( IIonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB 3 AHHTMH pa36nTbCH Ha napbi . Earn KOTIMHCCTBO ynacTHMKOB HeneTHoe, TO TpeHep TO^ce MO>KeT npwHHTb ynacTwe B ynpa >KHeHnn . )

Hanajio.

MHCTpyKi MH . Bunonmume ynpancnenue no onepedu. Tlonpocume nanapnuKa 6 bicKd 3amb cooe Muenue, cxancen, o noeode u so spenti omsema naxMypbmecb u npucmanbno na neeo nocMompume. 3ameM o6cydume nyscmsa nenosexa, co6ecednuK xomopoeo xnypum 6posu so speMx pa3eosopa u npucmanbuo CMompum. TloMemumecb ponsmu u sunonnume ynpawnenue cno sa. Xopoiuo, npucmynaume... u nosecenumecb na nonnyw!

^

06cy>KfleHMe. IIpe no^CMTe MM M

^ Ha6niOfleHMHMM .

ynacTHMicaM nofle/mTboi CBOMMM

OTKPWTMH -

S CnpocMTe: Kax nacmo so speMX o6iuieHux su socnpimuMaeme XMypuu 63enxd unu HaxMypennue 6posu KCIK npmnax Heodo6penux unu Kpummu s sam adpec? S CnpocMTe: Kax su dyuaeme, nacKonbKO nacmo su xuypumecb so

•

•

speuK pa33osopa? Kax smo Moncem nosnuxmb na savuu omnotuenm? S CnpocMTe: Kaxue ew,e pa3 HOSudnocmu cna6ux cmnanos su ucnonb3yeme, npednaMepenno unu nenpedmMepeHHO? Hmenno omcymcmsue npocoutuam> Hbix cmnanos Moncem UMemv nau6onee cunbnoe snunnue: nosedenue dei6 amt> nyocmoo cmbida unu dpyzue coi uanbHbie 3MOU1UU , 6 K7iWHawm OTcyrcTBMe y/ibi6 KM BO BpeMH npuBeTCTBMfl M o6 meHMH, noA03pwTenbHoe OTcyTCTBMe npocou;iia /ibHbix npwKocHOBeHMM ( Ha npwMep, OTKa3 no>KaTb pyny) , OTcyTCTBMe noATBep^KAaiomux KMBKOB ronoBoii, IIOHTM nonHoe OTcyTCTBMe >KecTOB C OTKpbiTbiMM TiaAOHHMM MTIM Apyrnx inwpoKMX cecTOB, He>KenaHMe CMOTpeTb npaMO B rna3a, ^ 6e3ynacTHoe Bbipa>KeHMe ninja M OTcyTCTBMe ApyrMX SMOijMOHanbHblX IIpOHBTieHMM BO BpeMH o6lIjeHMH M7IM OTK 33 BO B3aMMHOM peaK -

^

.

U MM I1JIM nOAAep>KaHMH TaKOrO >Ke ypOBHH 3MOLJMOHa /IbHOCTM , 4T0 M

y flpyroro nenoBeKa, c KOTopbiM ripoiicxoAHT o6ujeHMe ( HanpwMep, He CMenTbCH, Kor a Apyrne CMCIOTCH ). ^ S CnpocnTe: KaK memo eo 6 peux o6wienux eu eocnpuuuuaeme 6e3yHacmHoe eupancenue nuuia, omeymemeue nodmeepnedawu ux KU 6 K 06 Z 071060U unu 3pumenbnozo KOHmaKtria KdK ceudemenbcmeo Heodo6penuK unu KpumuKU ? S CnpocnTe: KaK memo eu npednaMepenno U 36ezaeme deMoncmpau,uu npoxonenux npocot uanbHbix cuznanoe ( nanpuMep, ynbi6m )? HacKonbKO cunbno amo enuxem ua eatuu omnomenux c nwdbMu? flenbie cuznanm omeepnceHux, cox3UHHbie c pumyanaMU ocyncdeHUXy eempenawmex HUMHOZO pence , HO npoxenxwmcx HUMHOZO 6O nee omupbimo . ripuMepbi ciinbHbix MJIM HBHBIX cnrHa /iOB OTBep>Ke -

^

^

•

c yKa3biBaHweM na /ibijeM; MCKpiiB7ieHne ry6, 3aKaTbiBaHwe rna3, nmneHMe, ocBMCTbmaHMe, n /ieBKM, M3AeBaTenbCTBa, Kpmc, capicacTMHHbiH TOH ronoca M rpy 6 bie ncecTbi. M Aance 3TM 3HaKM MOryT 6 bITb HaCTO HenpaBMTIbHO MHTepnpeTiipoBaHbi, HanpwMep Bbipa >KeHne ocy >KAeHMH MOHCCT 6 biTb CBH3aHO c caMOOcy>KAeHneM, a He c ocyncAeHneM Koro-To H3 OKpyHcaiomMx. HMH BKTHOHaiOT HacMeiHKM

•

Kozda HaMepemie, deuemeux unu nooedenue emanooumex oceodu uM docmOXHUeM , T.e. CTaHOBMTCH o6lIJMM, B3aMMHbIM M AOCTynHbIM Ka>KAOMy, doMUHUpywm npuHu,unvi paeenemoa u cnpaeednuoocmu, KOTopwe Tpe6yiOT, HTO6 W HapymeHMB M npecTynneHMH npoTMB Bcero n /ieMeHM CTa HOBMTIMCb M3BeCTHbIMM BCeM M HeC /IM 3a C060 M HaKa3aHMe ( npMMepbl npw ( > aKTbi. BeAeHbi B pa3Aene “ ( He Taxwe y>K ) 3a6aBHbie (3aTO MHTepecHbie ) | I4cnonb30BaHwe pwTyana ocyncAeHMH” Aanee B 3TOM ypoxe).

•

IIocmbidHbie deuemoux naw,e ecezo

^

MouifU yHunceuux, ocmpaKU 3 Ma

HaKa3 bi 6 awmcx nneMeueM

npu no-

u cmuzMamusai uu . EtpuMepbi cou, Manb-

^

284 [?iaBa 5.11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT Hbix cnrHanoB

HMBaHMH ,

npMCTbi aiBaHMH BK /nonaiOT rpoMKMe HacMeiiiKM , noflflpa 3-

o63bIBaHMH,

^

IiapOflMpOBaHMe, BbICMeMBaHMe M

rpy6 bie

HCeCTbl,

( CM. npMBefleHHbiM flanee B STOM ypoxe “ pa3Aen ( He Taicne y>K ) 3a6aBHbie (3aTO MHTepecHbie) (}) aKTbi. Mcno/ib30BaHwe pMTyana ocy cfleHMH ” ) . ^

HanpwMep noKa 3bmaHMe H3MKa

•

CaMbiM cmpaiuHMM HaKa3cmueM U3 scex deucmeuu npucmbiwueaHux, noMUMO HeMedneunou CMeptnu, 6bino noMU3 HeHHoe u3enaHue U 3 nneMeHU Mbi KpaMHe He JUO6VLM HaouibCTBeHHoe yeflMHeHne , M MMCHHO noaTOMy OAHHOHHan KaMepa B TiopbMe HBUHCTCH O HHM M3 Haw 6onee aBepcwBHbix ( M ycTpamaionj Mx ) HaKa3aHMM. fljin HaiiiMX #OMCTopMHecKnx npe KOB MCKTHOHeHne H3 uneMenn 03Hanano ITOHTM HeM36 e>KHyK) cMepTb.

.

^

.

^

(He TaKMe y>K) 3a6aBHbie (3aT0 MHTepecHbie) cJ> aKTbi . Mcno/ib30BaHMe pMTya /ia ocy>KfleHMH

CTbifl B KaMecTBe cpeflCTBa copna /iM 3ai4 nn ncno/ib30 Ba /icB

BO Bcex Ky/ibTypax BO

. HecMOTpn Ha o6 wMpHbiM flnana30H pmya /ioB ocy>KfleHMfl, Bee OHM

BEE BpeMeHa

pa 3fleBB »OT oflHy oco6eHHOCTb, KOTopaB, no Bcei/i BMAMMOCTM, ABJineicn o6 meM fl /in 4>opMy ny6/iMHHoro yHMxopMa ny6/iMHHoro ocywfleHMB, a npeciynHMKa npMHywfla /iM pa 3 birpaTb CBoe npecrynneHMe B KapMKaTypHOM BMfle. [npednoMume yvacmHUKdM 03 HaK0 MumbCP c po3damo HbiM MomepuonoM 8.3, "Pu^ myan ocywdeHun".] flpaBOHapyiuMTe/ieM Macro npMHywfla /iM HocMTb B ny6/iMHHbix MecTax onpefleneHHyK) oneway MJIM fleMOHcrpMpoBaTb flpyrae CMma /ibi ( HanpMMep, nonocaian TiopeMHan po6a, 3anpeT Ha HomeHMe o6yBM, 6 pMTan ro/ioBa, e3fla Ha oc/ie 3a ,qoM Hanepefl, K /ioyHCKan oaewfla M T.fl.), KOTopwe 6 bmM npM 3HaKaMM ocywfleHMfl M Bbiflenn /iM ne/iOBeKa M 3 To/inbi, CMMBo/iM3Mpyn yipaiy ciaiyca M JIMHHOM He3aBMCMMOCTM

.

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe ypOKa McnumuSan nyScmSo cmuda , cnyi enusi , omSepKeHHocmu UAU npeue6 pe>KeHun , npaKtnuKyume HO6 MK TU 6 KUU pa3 yn M y\ / P” npe noHoiTe ynacTHHKaM 03HaK0MHTbCH c pa3flaTO*nn>iM MaTepnanoM 8.4, ^ pa3yM MYflP. Pa6oTa c nyBCTBOM CTWfla, CMymeHMH n OTBep ceHHoTM6KMM ^ ”

^

.

CTM win npeHe6 pe>KeHiffl

ypoK 8. fl/ieMH MMeeT 3HaneHne 285

nPMMEHAHHE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. 06yHaa HaBbiKaM TM6KMM pa 3yM MYflP" (B c /ieflyioUJMX pa3fle/iax 3Toro 3ahHTm ) , Hanmume Ha Me/iOBOM MJIM MapKepHOM AOCKe aKpoHMM "MYflP", pacno/io>KMB 6yKBbi no BepTMKa /in, HO 6e3 o6yHeHHH MJIM o6o3HaneHMfl cneMuc() MHecKnx HaBbiKOB, cBH3aHHbix c KawflOM 6yKBOM. 3aTeM, HaHMHan c nepBOM 6yKBbi aKpoHMMa (M), npoBeflme o6yneHne HaBbiKaM, OTHOOUHMMCB K KawflOM H3 6yKB, orra/iKUBaHCb OT K/noneBbix nojioweHMM, onMcaHHbix B BTOM pa3flejie, noKa He pacKpoeie MX Bee. BawHo, mo6bi Bbi nMcam TO/ibKo o6mee 3HaMeHne Toro, mo CTOUT 3a Ka>KflOM M3 6yKB, M TO/ibKO Torfla, Korfla 6yaeTe oGynaTb cooTBeTCTByiOLUMM HaBbiKaM. B 9TOM c /iy ae MO>KHO M36e>KaTb npocrpaHHbix o6bflCHeHMM M / MJIM npe>KfleBpe^ MeHHoro o6yHeHMH KOHLjenLiMflM. 3HaHeHMe KawflOM 6yKBbi pacKpbiBaeica To /ibKo BO BpeMH (|)OpManbHOrO 06yHeHMH CBfl3aHHblM C HeM HaBbiKaM.

TU6 K H M pa 3yM MY/\ P M

npw noMomw MeflMTai Mii caMOMcaieflOBaHMH onpeflejiMTe, HacKOTibKO

^

HyBCTBO CTblfla o6oCHOBaHO.

y

ECTIM HyBCTBO CTblfla o6oCHOBaHO M7M HaCTMHHO o6oCHOBaHO, CTOMT YMMpOTBOpeHlieM.

3aHHTbOI

fl ECJIM nyBCTBO CTbifla He o6ocHOBaHO, fleiicTByMTe Hanepenop no6y)K o;eHpno cnpnTaTbCH . 1

p

npoAeMOHCTpwpyiiTe o6ecKyPaaceHHOCTb M CMymeHwe ATIH Toro, HTo 6bI BbI3BaTb flOBepMe H HanaflHTb OTHOHieHMfl.

npw

M

noMomii MeflMTaijMM caMOMCcne CKOJIbKO HyBCTBO CTblfla o6oCHOBaHO.

•

^OBaHWH

onpeflenMTe, Ha-

npaKtnuKyume Medumat uw camouccnedoeaHux KUK 60 epeux , max u nocne co6t>imuu, Komopme cnpoeoUfUpoeajiu nyecmeo cmuda, HTO 6M yCMTIMTb OTKpbITOCTb; yfle/IMTb BHMMaHMe TeM CC epaM, KOTOpbie MOryT noTpe 6oBaTb M 3MeHeHMM; B3HTb Ha ce 6n OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3 a Co 6cTBeHHbie nocTynKM; M pa3BMTb onpefleneHHyio flo;no 3,qopoBoro K)Mopa B OTHOiueHMM Co 6 cTBeHHbIX C7ia6 oCTeM H npMBbIHeK. J/lccneflOBaHMfl nOKa3 bIBaiOT, HTO THO M, cnoco 6Hbie no- Ao 6 poMy nocMeHTbcn Hafl CBOMMM npuBbiHKaMM ^ jinn cna 6 ocTHMM, cKopee Bcero, o 6;ia a;aiOT 3 AopoBow ncnxmcoM. B pu32dp npoucxodmi eeoy Koeda 6 npou,ecce o6iuiemix evi ucnbimmeaeme nyecmeo cmvida, neped men KUK npednpuHUMamv KaKue-nu6o deucmeux, npuynume ce6x 3 ada6amt?cx eonpocoM “ HeMyxMoey naynumbcx 6nazodapx amurn 3MOU,UXM?” noMHirre, HTO ije;ib Me wTai MM caMowccne^ ^ AOBaHMH — HaMTM XOpOHIMM BOnpOC, a He OTBeT. flaMTe OTBeTy B03M0>K HOCTb C03peTb Ha npOTH CeHMM HeCKOJlbKMX flHeM H7IM He e/ib. Plcnonb ^

^

^

(

•

^

^

286 Diasa 5 . rinaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

pa3,n;aTOHHbm MaTepnan 1.3, “06yneHMe npn noMomn caMonccneflOBaHMfl ”, MJIM pa3AaTOHHHM MaTepna /i 16.2, “CaMOMccneAOBaHne AJIB M3yHeHMH peaiojnn «OTTa 7iKMBaHne » n « He flenaMTe MHe 6 onbHO » ”, c ije/ibio yrny6/ieHMH npaKTMKn caMonccneAOBaHMH. • Tlocne cnynueiueeocH co6bimun 6 ocnonb3 yumecb pa3datnoHHbiM MarnepuanoM 8.5, “Ulicana oi eHKU UHtneHcuenocmu coi uanbHbix SMOI UU e POffTIT " nun. onpefleneHMH Toro, HacKonbKo Barna 3M0ijM0Ha7ibHaH peax U; MH 6 wna o 6 ocHOBaHHon. 3yMTe

^

^

^

( 06a 3aTeAbHo ) MnHH - ynpa >KHeHMe 9 ( p 3o6aHue UIKCLAU

,

OU eHKU COUjUdA'bHUX 9 M 0 H/ UU

6 PO AHT

IIpefljio>KMTe ynacTHHKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH c pa3,naTOMHbiM MaTepnanoM 8.5, “ Ulicana OI CHKM HHTCHCMBHOCTM coijMa /ibHbix SMOIJMM B PO flllT”

^

IIonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB BcnoMHMTb He,n;aBHee B3anMOAeMCTBne, KOTopoe Bbi3Bano y HMX nyBCTBO CTMAa M /IM Apyrne coqnanbHbie 3Mon; nn. ynacTHMKaM, MTO RJIB ceroAHmimero 3aHHTnn Heo6xoAMMO BcnoMHMTb HeAaBHee co6 brme, KOTopoe Bbi3Ba;io y HMX nyBCTBO CTbifla, BMHbl M 7IM CMymeHMH , B KOTOpOM npMHMMaTIM ynaCTMe APyTMe JUORVL. XOTB 3TM )Ke HaBbIKM MO>KHO npMMeHHTb K HyBCTBy CTblfla, BbI3BaHHOrO HeCOLJM anbHbiMM cwrHanaMM ( HanpMMep, B3DIHA Ha po3y MonceT Bbi3BaTb nyBCTBO CTbifla y nenoBeica, noABeprmerocH ceKcyanbHOMy HacwnMio B IJBCTOHHOM Mara 3MHe ) , Ha 3aHHTMM aKu;eHT 6yAeT flenaTbcn MMCHHO Ha coijManbHbix

06bHCHMTe

.

CMraanax

3aTeM nonpocuTe ynacTHMKOB onpeflenMTb KOHKpeTHoe noBefleHne, KOTOpoe OHM npOHBTiHTiM MHM KOTopoe MM He yAanocb npoHBMTb M KOTopoe, no MX MHeHMK), CTanO MCTOHHMKOM CTblfla M 7IM ApyTOM COIJMaTIbHOM 3MOLJMM. npeATioHCMTe ynacTHUKaM

Mcno/ib30 BaTb Bbi6 paHHoe

noBefleHMe

M

co6bi -

TMe Rjin OTBeTa Ha Bonpocw, KOTopwe TpeHep 6yAeT HMTaTb Bcnyx, M 3anM

CMBaTb Ha

IIonpocMTe

ynacTHMKOB noACHMTaTb KOTIMHCCTBO yTBepAMTenbHbix OTBe -

TOB M B0 Cn 0Hb30 BaTbCH MX paCIIIM (})pOBKOM B KOHIje

pMana CTbi

^

nun

-

6yMare KO/IMHCCTBO yTBepAMTenbHbix OTBCTOB.

onpeAeneHMH Toro, HacKonbKo

pa3AaTOHHoro

o6ocHOBaHHbiM 6bmo

a no micane oi eHKM MBTCHCMBHOCTM coi nanbHbix SMOIJMM.

^

^

MaTe -

nyBCTBo

YpoK 8 . fl /ieMfl MMeeT 3 HaHeHMe 287

y

Earn HyBCTBO CTblfla 6 bUIO o6oCHOBaHHbIM M7IM HaCTMHHO O 6OCHOYMMpOTBOpeHMeM. • Bo3t> Mume na ce6x omeemcmeennocmb, npmnae ceou npocmynKu 6e3 caMOOcyxcdenux unu caMoonpaedanux . Bo-nepBbix, c e/iaMTe 3TO nepe#

BaHHblM , CTOMT 3aHHTbCH

caMMMM CO 6 OM, BO - BTopwx

^

— nepe ymep6.

# CBOMMM 6/IM3KMMM ,

-

B TpeTbMx

pefl TeMM, KOMy BW npMHMHMTiM

— ne-

• Bbipaxcaume enympenmow i enocmnocmb, a ne omnaxnue.

^

• Omnaxnue, odudbi , nadymbie ey6m u 6e3 Xcanocmnoe caMoodeune Hue 3tno (fianbuiuebie cnocodbi 63xmb na ce6x omeemcmeennocmb 3a

—

co6cmeeHHoe noeedenue; Bee STO npoHBneHMH ( j> aTa;iMCTMHHoro pa3yMa (CM. ypox 1). • Paccnumbieaume na cmpadanux u 6ydt?me zomoebi U 3 enenb yponu U 3 zopbKozo otibima . 06ocHOBaHHoe M /IM nacTMHHO o 6 ocHOBaHHoe nyBCTBO CTbi a no3BonaeT onpefle/mTb Te ccj)epbi >KM3HM , B KOTopbix 6 ojibwe Bcero Heo6xo,nIMMbi M3MeHeHMH. IoTOBHOCTb ynuTbcn TOMy, HTO no,oiCKa3biBaeT nyBCTBO CTbi a ( BMCCTO nonbiTOK ero M36e>KaTb), STO npOBBTieHIie My>KeCTBa. >KM3Hb B COOTBeTCTBMM C Co6 cTBeHHbIMM l eH HOCTBMM Tpe 6 yeT My>KecTBa. nppi6 eraMTe K MeflirraijMM caMOMccne o( )( )eKTMBHOCTM 3Toro npoijecca. BaHMH flna noBbiuieHMa 3 | J Ilodenumecb ceouMU nepexcueanuxMU u npu3naumecb e codcmeennbix

^

^

•

^

^

npocmytiKax .

—

ntodu, omxpbimo npuenawu ue odocnoeannoe nyecmeo cmbida unu eunbi , eocnpunumawmcx OKpyxcawu uMU KUK npocoUjUanbHbie . IIpM3HaHMe B TOM, HTO BBI McnbiTbmaeTe nyBCTBO

• IIoddepMume ce6x CTbifla,

—

3TO nepBbiM Ba >KHbm

^

mar

^

Ha nyTM 3aBoeBaHwa flOBepua,

BOCCTaHOBTieHMH IIOMaTHyBllIMXCfl OTHOHieHMM M B 03BpameHMH B JIOHO

co6cTBeHHoro nneMeHM. • Koeda em denumecb ceoumu nepexcueanuxMU , dnonupyume nonbimKU cnytuameneu ouienueamb eauie noeedenue . 06bHCHMTe, HTO Bbi ynw Tecb 6 paTb Ha ce 6a OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a co6cTBeHHbie nocrymcM M HTO npM3HaHMe B o6oCHOBaHHOM M7IJ1 HaCTMHHO o6 oCHOBaHHOM HyBCTBe STO r /iaBHbiw cnoco6 flocra CTbifla, 6e3 HeMeAneHHoii ero oijeHKM, HceHMH Bamew ijenji. • Bocnonb3 yumecb KonmunyyMOM oco3 naHnocmu npu pacKpbimuu co6cmeennbix nyecme RJM 6/iOKnpoBaHMH npMBbiHHOM CKTIOHHOCTM ou,e HMBaTb M 7IH o6bHCHHTb Co6cTBeHHbie fleMCTBMH ( CM. ypOK 12 ) .

—

288 DiaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flm

•

Onpedenume, ecmv JIU y eac ncenanue noddepncueamo omHouienux c ne, KomopoMy 6 bi npunununu oped Ecnu da, mo cdenaume cnedywu ee. • Mcnpaebme cumyau,wo, He oncudan Himeeo 63aMeu, npu noMow,u oocbMuuiaeoooeo pyKooodcmoa no ooccmauooneHuw omHotueHuu , Komopoe noMoxcem earn Hanpaoumt* csou deucmoux. 1. ripoHBMTe yBa^ceHMe n OTKa^CMTecb OT KOHTponn BO BpeMH ncnpaBneHMH CMTyai MM nocpe CTBOM BOKTIMBOTO OTHOMEHMH , MOJinaHMfl, TPixoro ronoca M nepe aHM co6 eceflHMKaM npaBa KOHTpo/mpoBaTb TeMn M co ep)KaHMe pa3roBopa. 2. TOHHO oi eHMTe npnHMHeHHbin Bpefl PI coo6m; MTe o CBoen oi eHKe BCeM npMHaCTHbIM K 3TOMy. 3. ripoBepbTe, HacKo/ibKo coBna aeT Barne BocnpMHTMe npiiHMHeHHO^ ro Bpe,n;a c BOcnpMHTneM Toro HenoBeica, KOTopoMy Bbi npMHMHMM Bpefl . OTKa >KMTecb OT caMoyBepeHHocTM M npeflnojio^eHMfl o TOM,

.

noeeKom ( modt>Mu )

^

^

^ ^

^ ^

^

HTO Bbi MO CeTe IIOHflTb Bee CaMM ,

^

—

npaKTMKyMTe BHHMaTe/IbHOe

ny>Kon Tonice 3peHMH M He nepe6 wBaMTe. OTKa >KMTeCb OT npMBbIHKM pai MOHanM3MpOBaTb M 7IH OCy >KflaTb co6-

OTHOineHwe K

4.

^

CTBeHHoe noBe eHMe.

^

5. npunarawTe MCKpeHHMe ycumin fl/ifl KOMneHcaijHH peanbHO npMHMHeHHoro Bpe a ( HanpMMep, He npocTO CKa>KMTe MSBMHMTC 3a noBpe^c eHwe CTCHBI, a HanflMTe cnoco6 ee BOCCTaHOBTieHPm ). 6. McKpeHHe cTapawTecb He npMHMHHTb BHOBB Bpefl 3TOMy nenoBeicy M noo 6emawTe 6 biTb 6onee OTKpoBeHHbiM c HMM B anbHewmeM. 7. npe npMHMMaMTe aKTMBHbie mam fl/m npeflOTBpameHMH npMHMHeHMH noAo6Horo Bpe,n;a B 6yuymeM ( HanpnMep, npnBneKanTe He3aBMCMMoro ay MTopa jyw npoBepKM Bamero nporpecca; oBpanjanTecb 3a npo(J)ecCMOHanbHOM nOMOUJbK) M7IM nOCCTMTe COOTBeTCTByiOHJiMe 3aHHTMH ). 8. IIpocTMTe ce6n 3a TO, HTO KOMy-To npmimmm Bpefl M Hcnonb3ywTe HaBbiKM TM6KHM pa3yM He CTOPOHMTCH 7IIOBBM ” HTO 6 M 6 bicTpee cnpaBMTbc^ c 3TOM 3a aHeM ( CM. ypoK 29) . M3MeHxume cou,uant> Ht>ie cuenanvi e coomoemcmouu c cepbe3 Hocmbw npocmymca .

^

^

^

^

^

•

^

• Bbipaxcaume nyocmoo cmwda, ecnu OHO odocnooano, onycKaa ronoBy, OTBOftfl

B CTOpOHy B3TMfl M XMypflCb BO BpeMfl M 3BMHeHMM.

• MuHH-ynpaacHeHMe: nonpocwTe ynacTHHKOB noBepHyTbcn /IMIJOM K CO6ece,o;HMKy M no onepe M noynpa^cHHTbCH B Bbipa^KeHMM nyBCTBa cra a.

^

^

ypoK 8. fl /ieMa

MMeeT 3HaneHMe

289

06cyanTe: KaKue ou yu enuxy eac eo3UUKnu? KaK eu nyecmeoeanu ce6x npunuMatou eu cmoponu? KaK amo noMoncem eau nymue noHxmb ceou cov uanbHue cuznanu7 • Cuznanu3upyume o xcenanuu docmunv Mupa u o cooux coxcanenuxx, ecnu oatue nyocmoo cmuda oKa3anocv omnacmu O6OCHOOUHHUM : cnenca HaK /iOHHMTe ro/iOBy, onycKawTe Haflonro iuieHM M >KecTMKynM-

^ ^

6 Kanecmee

^

^

pyMTe OTKpbITbIMJl naflOHHMM , nOflflep^KMBaH 3pMTe7IbHbIM KOHTaKT c flpyrwM nenoBeKOM RJIX Toro, HTo 6 bi Bbipa3MTb yBepeHHOCTb B ce6e M rOTOBHOCTb MeHflTbCH.

• MMHM -ynpa>KHeHMe: nonpocme ynacTHHKOB nonpaKTMKOBaTb *KecTbi yMwpoTBopeHMH c napTHepoM . 06cyo;MTe: KaKue o yu enux 603 HUKJIU npu eupancenuu nodo6nozo noeedenux? Hmo eu nyecmeoeanu e Kanecmee npunuMawu eu cmoponu? KaK amo noMoxcem earn nymue nonxmb ceou cox\uanbnue cuznanu? Pezynxpno oupaxcaume 3 HUKU ne doMunupooanux u omKpumocmu nocne ycneuinozo ooccmanoonenux omnomenuu npu UOMOU U od&edunenux cuznanoe yMupomoopenux ( HanpwMep, /ierKoro HaK /iOHa TO/IOBM vum ner Koro onycKaHMH imen M OTKpbiTbix >KecTOB) c cuznanaMu zomoonocmu compydnuHamv ( HanpnMep, Ten /iow ynbi6 KM, c/ierKa npwnoflHHTbix 6poBew H 3pMTenbHOrO KOHTaKTa ). CnrHanbl He flOMHHMpOBaHMH Bbipa>KaK)T paBeHCTBO, CnOCo6HOCTb BOCnpMHHMaTb KpMTMHeCKyiO o 6 paTHyK) CBfl3b M OTcyTCTBMe >Ke/iaHMH MaHnnynnpoBaTb THOABMH. Cuznanu ne doMunupoeanux npuo6 pemawm oco6oe 3 nanenue, ecnu eu naxodumecb e no3 uu,uu enacmu no OTHomeHino K nenoBeKy, KOTopoMy 6bm npMHMHeH Bpefl. IIpefl;io>KiiTe yHacTHMKaM o3HaKOMMTbca c pa3flaTOMHWM MaTepwanoM 8.6, “CurHanbi He flOMMHJipoBaHiifl ”

^ ^

•

^

^

•

•

Bupaxcaume cuyu enue, ecnu

napymenue cocmoum

neyoaxcumenonoM omnouienuu K KynomypnuM unu dpyzuM coi uanonuM mpadu U f U X M unu coznauienuxM ( HanpMMep, Bbi HenpaBMJibHO npon 3HOCMTe c/ioBa, HacTynaeTe Ha Horn , n /ioxo Be ii eTe ce6 x 3a CTOTIOM , He 3aicpyHMBaeTe TK> 6MK C 3y 6Hoii nacTow, HapymaeTe pMTya /ibi npMBeTCTBMn B OTHOHICHUM

^

oauie

6

^

..

.

.

BBIMECTOMIJ Mx)

• npuoedennue euiue naeuKU

—

3mo mo, nmo eaM neodxoduMO npax o cnynae, ecnu nyocmoo cmuda o6ocHooano unu omnacmu o6ocno6 ano. Cnedytow,uu na6op HUOUKOO npuzodumcx earn o mex cny naxx, Kozda nyocmoo cmuda u dpyzue coi uanonue 3MOU,UU oo3 HUKawm

muKooamo

neodocnoeanno .

^

290 OiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flm

fl Earn nyBCTBo CTbi#a He o6ocHOBaHO, fleiicTByiiTe Hanepenop no6y>K

CnpHTaTbC . ^ ^•eHMK Bedume cedn man, 6ydmo etn )

He cdenanu Huneao nnoxoao, ttomoAty nmo amo deucmeumenbHo man. • He U 36UHHumecb u He nbimaumecb HUKoao ycnoKoumb. • Bbipawaume yeepennocmb e cede. PacnpaBbTe nnenw, flepmrre nofl6opo n;oK Bbirne M cMOTpMTe B rna3a BO BpeMH pa3roBopa, roBopwTe cnoKOMHHM ronocoM c HopManbHow rpOMKocTbio (i.e. He nepexoAMTe Ha (

rnenoT )

•

•

•

.

• MMHM-ynpaHCHeHMe: nonpocwTe ynacTHMKOB nonpaKTMKOBaTb BbipayKeime yBepeHHOCTM B ce 6 e c HanapHMKOM. • 06cyn;irre: Hmo eu nyecmeoeanu, xoada deMoncmpupoeanu smo noeedenue? Hmo eu nyecmeoeanu, OKa3aemucb npuHUMaww,eu cmoponou? KaK omo xapaKmepu3yem eaiuu cot uanbHbie cuananu? Cdanancupyume cuananbi doMUHUpoeanun ( yeepennocmu 6 cede ) c cuana71UMU He doMUHUpOeaHUH Rim Toro, HT06 bI flaTb OKpy>KaK)mMM nOHHTb, HTO HeCMOTpH Ha TO, HTO HyBCTBO CTblfta He o6oCHOBaHO, Bbl Bee paBHO coxpa HneTe OTKpwTOCTb KpMTMHecKOH o6 paTHOM CBH3M. CHOBa OTomjiMTe ynacTHHKOB K pa3ffaTOHHOMy MaTepwa;iy 8.6, “CwrHajibi He flOMMHMpoBaHMH” PaccKUMume dpy3bnm o ceoem nyecmee cmbida, Komopoe 6bino neodoCHoeaHHbiM, Htnodbi noHHtnby nmo 6 bi Moanu ynycmuttib U 3 eudy. EyflbTe OTKpbITbIMM KpHTMHeCKOM o6paTHOM CBB3M M7IM WHOM TOHKe 3peHMB B OTHomeHMM picnbiTaHHoro nyBCTBa CTbifla ( CM. pa3 aTOHHbiM MaTepna /i 22.1, ^ “OTKpbiTOCTb o6paTHOM CBH 3M . TMEKHM pa 3yM AflAnTMpyeTai ” ). Onpedenume nomeHU,uanbHO 3aMacKupoeaHHbie moKCUHHbie coUyUanbHbie cpedbiy Komopbie Moaym 6 bi3bi6 amb neodocnoeaHHoe nyecmeo cmbi day onupaumecb 6 amoM na npueedenmie Htvtce eonpocbi. Earn OTBCTOB HET” 6o;ibme, neM a ”, TO Bama cpe a MO^ceT 6biTb TOKCMHHOM. ^ 1. Bepw nun e mOy nmo ucKpennueMomueu u naMepenun dpyaoao nenoeexa unu nwdeu ne nanpaenenubi npomue Mem? fla/ Hem. 2. Bepw nun 6 ucKpennocmb ux cnoe ? ffa/ Hem. 3. Hyecmeyw nu n ce6n e ux npucymcmeuu e t enoM CHOKOUHO U e de3onacnocrnu? ffa/ Hem. 4. Ecmb nu y Mem doxaeamenbcmea unu npomnuu onum e omHomenuu moaOy nmo OHU ucKpenne decnoxonmcn o MOUX unmepecax? fla/ Hem. 5. npedocmaennwm nu OHU Mne eo3MOMnocmb 6 biCKa3amb ceou nepencu eanun u udeu? ffa/ Hem.

^

^

ypoK 8. fl /ieMH MMeeT 3HaneHne 291

6 . Mozym nu onu omKpumo 6 bicKa3amb Mne ceoto Kpumwcy unu omnmawwywcH moHKy 3 penm? ffa/ Hem.

•

6 bi npednonazaeme , nmo oauia npuMume K coedeHuw cnedywu ee .

Ecnu

epeda

Moncem

6bimb

moKcunnou,

^

• PaccHumbieaume ua mo, nmo obi 6ydeme docmamoHHo naemo ucttbi mbieamb

HeodocHooaHHoe nyoemoo cmbida .

• Ecnu amo 003M 0MH 0, nozosopume c nenooenoM , nomopbiu 3 Haem 06 amou cumyau,uu u o eavuux nyoemoax ( B oco6eHHocm , earn Bbi HM Korfla He e/ia /m 3Toro paHee ). Mcnonb3ywTe pa3,a;aT0HHbiM MaTepM an 22.1, “ OncpbiTOCTb o6 paTHOM CBH3H OT oxpy^aiomMx. FM6KMM pa3yM AflAnTMpyeTCB ” A /m Toro, HTO6 W npaKTMKOBaTb OTKpbiTOCTb, Kor a ( M /IM earn ) BM npeAOCTaB/ineTe MM o6 paTHyio CBB3b. • Ilonpocume cmopouHezo nadmodamenn npucymcmoooamb oo open# pasaooopa, ec/iM Bbi onacaeTecb CM /ibHOM peaKu,MM. • Ecnu moKCUHHoemb npucyu a daeuuM omHomeuuHM , uw,ume He3aouCUMOZO KOHcynbmanma ( HanpMMep, ncMxoaHa /iMTMKa, KOTopbiM npoBO MT napHyio TepanMio ) . • Hcnonb3 yume caMouccnedooauue dnx nonuManuH mozo, HOKUM MO ncem 6bimb earn onnad s cyu ecmoooanue amou npodneMbi , HO mde zaume de3wanocmHozo caMoodouHeuux . • IIodyMaume o npeKpau euuu amux omHOiuenuu . FlHorfla OTHomeHMH HeB03M0)KH0 BOCCTaHOBMTb. 06 paTMTeCb 3a nOMOIUbK) CO CTOpOHbl, npe>Kfle HCM npMHHTb noAo 6Hoe pemeHMe. • He tibimaumecb HUKOZO nepenmonymb o npudupnax, earn BBI y6e>KfleHbi , HTO Barny >KM3Hb npeAHaMepeHHO nbiTaioTca yc/ioMCHMTb. ffo nopbi do opeuenu Mbi cfioKycupooanucb npeumyu ecmoeHHO HO tipodneMamuHuou emopone nyocmea cmbida u dpyzux anouluu c6 H3UHHbix c ocyncde Huem. CnedywutfUU Ha6op naobiKoo TU 6KUU pa3 ym MYffP” 6ydem omnocumb CH K donee n03umu6 H 0 u cmopoHe coi uanbHbix aMou,uu .

^

^

^

^

^

^

^ )

(

^

P IIpoAeMOHCTpMpyiiTe o6ecicyPa>KeHHOCTb M CMymeHMe ATIH HTo 6 bI BbI3BaTb AOBepMe M yCTaHOBMTb COIJMa /IbHbie CBH3M.

•

Ecmb nu

xomb

nmo -mo xopotuee

6

Toro,

nyeemoe cmbida u dpyzux cou,uanb -

HblX aMOUjUXX ?

•

Omoem oac cmymum ( “Xu- xu!” ), ttomoMy nmo omeemoM 6ydem cmyu enue . Bbipa>KeHMe CMynjeHMa STO M ecTb no3MTMBHaa CTopoHa nyBCTBa CTbifla M ApyrMX coijMa /ibHbix 3MOU; MM.

•

He emoum ernyu amben u3 -3a mozo , nmo obi cMyu aemecb.

^

^

^

292 f/iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

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• •

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cMynjeHMe

HOpM.

.

nnn

Toro ,

-

npocTynoK npMBOftMT K Hapyuie

IIOMHMTb O TOM, HTO He CTOMT CMyiljaTbCH M3-3a CMymeHMH. IIOMHMTb O TOM, HTO JIIOflM MOIblTblBaiOT flOBepue H CMMnaTMK) K KTO npoHBjineT cMymeHMe u o6eacypa>KeHHocTb. BbipaxcaTb CMymeHMe BMCCTO TOTO, HTO6M nbiTaTbcn ero CKpbiTb.

TeM,

IIpaKTMKOBaTb CnOCo6HOCTb KpaCHeTb H OTHOCMTbCH C JIK) 6oBbK) K 3TOM CBoeik oco6eHHOCTM. Ha6ni03aTb 3a TeM, Kaic OTKpwToe BbipaHceHwe co6cTBeHHbix nyBCTB H CMYMEHMH BJIMHeT Ha OTHOUieHHH. 3anMiHMTe pyrwe Ha6 jiiojjeHMH MTIM HaBbiKH, KOTopbie BW npaKTMKOBa /m.

^

ypoK 9

CoijMaAbHbie cwrHaAbi MMeioT 3HaneHPie! OcHOBHbie noAOKeHwa ypoKa 9 1.

JIioflM He CMoryT Bac y3HaTb, ec/rn Bbi MM He oTKpoeTecb.

2. Mbi flOBepneM TOMy, HTO BMPM, a He TOMy, HTO HaM roBopnT.

3. 06bIHHO TaKwe

CMMnaTMK) BbI3bIBaiOT Te, KTO OTKpbITO Bbipa>KaeT CBOM 3M0IJMM;

nioflM BOcnpMHMMaiOTCH KaK

6o/iee MCKpeHHue M flocTOMHbie flOBe-

pwH no cpaBHeHMK) c TeMM, KTO no,a,aB/meT wm CKpbiBaeT CBOM nyBCTBa. 4. OTKpbiToe Bbipa ^KeHwe SMOIJMM ne 03 Hcmaem MX Bbipa>KeHMe 6e3 noHM MaHMH M yneTa KOHTeKCTa; KaK pa3 Hao6opoT: 3( jK}) eKTMBHoe BbipanceHMe SMOIJMM Bcer a cooTBeTCTByeT CMTyauMM. ( ) OpMMpOBaHMH flOTirOCpOHHblX 6;iM3KMX OTHOIHCHMM He Hy>KHO CKpbl 5. J

^

BaTb CBOK)

yH3BMMOCTb.

6. OTKpbITOe npM3HaHMe O)6cTBeHH 0M yH 3BMMOCTH nOCbITiaeT flBa MOHJHblX cou;Ha /ibHbix cnrHana: 1) Mbi flOBepneM OKpy>KaK)iu;MM; ec;m Mbi KOMy-TO He AOBepneM , MM npnneM MCTMHHbie HaMepeHMn M CKpbiBaeM CBOM nepe>KMBaHMH; 2) Mbi fleMOHCTpMpyeM o6in, HOCTb Ha ocHOBe o 6 meHe/iOBeHeCKMX c/ia6 ocreM.

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi Pa3,D; aTOHHbiM

MaTepnan

9.1, “OTKpbiToe caMOBbipa>KeHMe

COIJMa /IbHbie CBH3M ”

— flOBepne —

Pa3,n;aTOHHbiM MarepMan 9.2, “BbipanceHMe SMOIJMM nepefl OKpyncaiomMMM” (flono/iHMTe/ibHo ) Pa3flaTOHHHM MaTepnan 9.3, “OcHOBHbie nononceHMn ypoxa 9. Coi ManbHbie CMrHa /ibi MMeioT 3HaneHMe!” Pa6oHMM 7IMCT 9.A, “ IIpaKTMKa npOHBneHMH 3M0IJMM npM nOMOHj;M Bbipa^ceHMH /iMija ”

^

MenoBan flocxa M Men M /M MapKepHan flocKa M MapKepbi

314 DiaBa 5.11/iaHbi yponoB PO flflT

( 06H3 aTeAbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHne

,

To , Htno MU noKd 3u6aeM OKpyyKawtuUM , uneern 3HcmeHue! npoHTMTe scnyx Kaacayio

M3 npMBe eHHbix HMXce MCTOpMM,

BKHOCTb eudemb namnnymy\o ynu6Ky no3Bo/im yHacTHMKaM HO eucpepa/ ibHOM ypoene (T.e. Te/iecHo) omyo6maTbCB c ne/iOBeKOM, ormcaHHbiM B OTOM MCTopnn (npn nomumb , KaKOBO 3TO MOL14 H MMKpOMUMMKpi/lM M CMCTeMbl 3epKaJ1bHblX HeMpOHOB,* CM. ypOK 3). Oa /lbliJMByK) y/ibi6Ky xapaKTepM3y »OT flBuweHne TO/ibKO ry6aMM, 6e3yHacTHbm B3mflfl M HenoflBM>KHbie 6poBi/i. TpeHepy Heo6xoflMMO M 3o6pa 3UTb HaTBHyTyK) y/ibi6Ky HaMepeHHO HauirpaHHOui, noKa 3biBaa 3y6bi n coxpaHBB y/ibi6Ky 3acTbiBwefi, HeM3MeHHOM. 3TO He TOJlbKO 6yfleT Cn0C06CTB0BaTb nOHUMaHMK) 3TOM MCTOpMM, HO M n03B0/lMT noflaTb ee C tOMOpOM H npOfleMOHCTpnpOBaTb Cn0C06H0CTb He BOCnpMHUMaTb ce6n CJIMIUKOM cepbe3H0 B po/in TpeHepa. "

McTopMH 1. “3TO 6wAa HyAecHaa MHTpMaaca” IIpoaMTaMTe scjiyx: [ Jpedcmaebme, nmo eu 0 Kd 3 anucb 6 cnedywu eu cumy au,uu. Bbi nornnu na nepepue c noeou compydHuu,eu, u eo epeMX o6eda ona nodenunacb onenb TIUHHOU unpopMat ueu. Ynu6axcb u Kueax, eom nmo ona

^

^

.

CKa3 ana

( HaHMHaiiTe y7iw6aTbca. ) “Tlpouinou

HOHbw

x y3 nana, nmo y

Moeeo

uy x- ca

UHmpWfCKd ”.

.

(IIpoflOTDKaMTe y7iw6aTbCH ) “K moMy xce x o6napyxcuna, nmo MU na Menu, nomoMy nmo OH pacmpamun ece narnu denbeu na my Mem uny ”.

^

.

(IIpoflOJDKaMTe y7ibi6aTbca ) “rioomoMy x peiuuna cnanumb doM” .

( IIpoflOTDKaMTe y7ibi6aTbca.) “A KdK npotuen meou eenep?”

06cynMTe MCTOPMIO 1 npn IIOMOIIJH cne

^yiomMx BonpocoB.

YpoK 9. Couna /ibHbie cnma/ibi HMeioT 3HaneHMe! 315

• Hmo eu 6ydeme dyuamb unu nyecmeoeamb, ecnu eaM npudemcx 06u ambCK c nodo6nbiM nenoeexoM ? Buna nu onpaedannou ynu6xa, ynu mueax co6umux, Komopue npou3 omnu npoiunum eenepoM y noeou compydnuUjbL? 3 aneM 6 npou,ecce aeonwt uu y nwdeu noxeuncx naebiK ynu6ambcx ? [ OTBCT: RJIX Bbipa>KeHM/i cnacTbH, CMMnaTMM, npMBep>KeHHOCTM, >Ke/iaHMfl o6maTbCfl, B3 aMMO,n;eMCTBMH M7IM yMMpOTBOpeHMH .] Hmo eupancaem ynu6xa e dannoM cnynae? 3axomume nu eu npoeodumb nau e epemx c noeou compydHuu,eu no ^ cne amoeo cnynax unu 6ydeme ee U 36eeamb? Kaxue OMOU UU , CKopee ece^ 20, ucnumueana compydnut a, no ne nodaeana eudy ? [ OTBCT: CKopee ^ Bcero, ropenb M THCB.] Kan nacmo eu ynu6aemecb, ucnumueax znee unu dpyzue ne cex3annue co cnacmbeM 3 MOU UU u nyecmea? Bu oco3 naeme ce6x e emu uouenmu ? Ecnu da, mo nmo eu xomume maxuu 06pa30M eupa3 umb oxpyncawu uM (xomx u xoceenno )? Kax amo uoncem

^

^

•

)

cKa3 ambcn

^

ua eamux omHotuenmx?

riPUMEHAHUE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. I~lpn MTeHUi/i BTopon MCTopnn TpeHepy Heo6xoflHMO coxpaHBTb a 6coBK)THO 6e3yHacmoe BbipaweHne jinpa, a Taxwe MOHOTOHHbin TOH ro/ioca, mo6bi npon3BecTH 3eKT (Beame ce6a, KaK 30M6H). Ha6/iK)flafl 6e3ynacTHoe BbipaweHMe /wpa, ynacTHUKM Ha Bncpepa /ibHOM ypoBHe (T.e. Te /iecHo ) cMoryT OLHyTMTb, KaKOBO 3TO — 06maTbCfl C He/lOBeKOM, OnMCaHHbIM B 3TO\A MCTOpMH. KaK M c HCTopnen 1, meHne 6e3 cooTBeTCTByiomero BbipaweHHfl /in14a BbmywflaeT yHacTHHKOB npeflCTaB/iBTb o6meHne c onncaHHbiM 3,qecb He/ioBeKOM, HTO Ae/iaeT npopecc o6yHeHHB 60/iee yM03pnTe/ibHbiM. HeBep6a /ibHoe pa3birpbiBaHne ncTOpnn no3BOnnej He /iBHO npofleMOHCTpnpoBaTb npnHpnnbi PO K /meHTaM c l K, HanpnMep, HTO 3TO Bno /iHe HopMa /ibHO — Bbir/iBfleTb HeMHoro myno n MTO yHnTbca MO>KHO n Torfla (n BCBMOWHO, B oco6eHHocrn Torfla ), Korfla BaM Bece/10. ~

MeTOpMH 2. “Y MeHH HeBepOHTHbie HOBOCTM IIpoHnxaMTe sc/iyx: npedcmaebme, nmo eu oxa3 anucb e cnedywii eu cumy au,uu. Tax nee, xax u e npedudyu eu ucmopuu , eu novunu na nepepue, no na 3 mompa3 c dpyzou compydnuu,eu. 3 a odedom ona paccxa3ana ydueumenbuue

^

^

noeoemu...

(Cfle/iaiiTe

OTCTpaHeHHoe Bbipa^ceHMe ninja H rosopirre MOHOTOHHMM

. unpomnou noubw xy3 nana, nmo euuzpana e nomepew lOuunnu-

ro/iocoM ) 0 H 06

donnapoe. ft 6una nompxcena”.

316 DiaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

(CoxpaHHMTe OTCTpaHeHHoe Bbipa^ceHMe

zmija n npoAonacaiiTe TOBO“Koeda MOU Myxc npumen doMou, npexcde neM x CMoena paccKd 3 amb euy xopomue Hoeocmu, 3 a36 omui menecfion. 3mo 6un CmueeH Cnun6ep2, npodwcep U 3 Tonnueyda. OH monbxo nmo donuman MOU cu,enapuu , Komopbiu x omocnana euy mpu Mecxuia na3 ad. OH cxa3 an nmo cu,eHapuu max euy noupaeuncx , nmo onyxce Kynun 6unembi 6 nepeuu Knacc na cauonem e JIoc- Andxcenec dnx Mem u eceu Moeu ceMbu , nmo6u o6cydumb co MHOU cbeMKU . fl 6bina maKpada”.

pMTb MOHOTOHHMM ronocoM.)

}

,

( CoxpaHBMTe OTCTpaHeHHoe Bbipaxceinie nnqa M npoftOJDKanTe pMTb MOHOTOHHWM ro7iocoM.) “Ilepedau Muey noxcanyucma, conb \

roBO-

06cyftMTe MCTopmo 2 npn noMoujM cjieayiomMx BonpocoB. • Hmo 6 BL 6ydeme dyMamb unu nyecmeoeamb, earn eaM npudemcx 06mambcx c nodo6nbiM nenoeexoM? Euno nu onpaedannuM 6e3ynacm Hoe eupaxcenue nuu,a npu onucanuu co6umuu, xomopue npou3 omnu npomnbiM eenepOM y amou compydHuuiu ? • Hmo MU O6UHHO xomuM CKa3amb npu HOMOU U 6e3ynacmno20 eupaxcenux 7iuu,a? Kax nacmo npu o6w,enuu c oxpyxcatouijUMU eu coxpanx eme 6e3ynacmnoe eupaxcenue nuu,a u MonomoHHuu 20710 c? Ko2da 3 mo cnynaemcx ? Hmo eu O6UHHO numaemecb eupa3 umb maxuM o6pa30M

^

OKpyxcawtUfUM ? Kax smo

Moxcem noenuxmb

na

eaiuu

omnomenux c

dpy2UMU nwdbMU ? nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. flpn meHnn TpeTbew, Heo6fl3aTe/ibHOM, MCTopnn, KaK v\ npu HTeHMn BTopoi/i, TpeHepy Heo6xoflMMO coxpaHHTb a6conK)THO 6e3yHacmoe Bbipa>KeHne Jimja, a Taioxe MOHOTOHHbii/i TOH ro/ioca, roBopa OT BToporo Jimja, MTo6bi MTeHMe 6bmO 3 K6 MCTOpMB ocHOBbiBaeTca Ha HccneflOBaHHM BMHJIH Bauiep M ee KO/i/ier [ Butler, E.A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F.H., Smith, N.C., Erickson, E.A., & Gross, J.J., 2003], a Taioxe Ha BneMairmtomeM Ko/iHHecTBe flpyruix Hcc /ieflOBaHHM, KOTopbie npoBOfln/incb c ncnojib30BaHneM TaKOM >xe napaAHFMbi M noflTBep>KAaK)T 3TM pe3yjibTaTbi (CM. ypoK 2).

ypoK 9. Couna

^ bHbie cnma/ibi mvieioT 3HaneHMe!

317

( ) MAbM, McTOpHfl 3. “ /\ aBaMTe o6cyAMM| ” KOTOpbIM IIOCMOTpeAJl IIpoHMTaiiTe scjiyx HopMa /ibHbiM ronocoM cjieAyiomwM a 03aij.

^

(/

OnOAHMTeAbHO )

MbI TOAbKO HTO

ripeflCTaBbie

ncMxo /iomHecKMM 3KcnepMMeHT, B KOTOPOM npuHMynacTMe flBa HHKorfla paHee He BcrpeHaBUJMXca flpyr c flpyroM cy6beKTa. Mx nonpocM/iM nocMOTpeTb BMecTe cjw /ibM. B ())MJibMe MHoro 3a 6 aBHbix, rpycTHbix, nyraiOLAMx H OTBpaTMTe /ibHbix ojeH, 3ByKOB H fliia-

MajoT

noroB. [ loc /ie OKOHHaHMfl > MJibMa MX nonpocM/iM npoMTM B flpyryK) KOM-

4

"

Haiy M cecrb 3a CTOJI OAMH HanpoTMB flpyroro. 3aTeM Ka >KAOMy m HMX HAAE/iM MaH>Keiy nnn M 3MepeHMfl apiepMa /ibHoro AdB/ieHMfl. I/IM TaK>Ke

Aa /iM pacnenaTaHHbie MHCTpyKLjMM M nonpocM/iM npoHMTaTb MX MO/ina, CKpbiBaa MX C0Aep>KaHMe OT Apyroro ynacTHMKa . HHCTpyKpMfl nepBoro yHacTHMKa macM/ia: "OGcyAMTe c()MJibM c HanapHMKOM M Bbipa 3MTe CBOM MBLCJLM, 3MOL4 MM M HyBCTBa, KOTOpbie Bbl 3 BaJl y BaC 3TOT (|> MJ1bM, KaK 06blHHO". Ho MHCTpyKMMB BTOpOrO yHaCTHMKa HeCKOJlbKO OT MHa /iaCb; B ^ HeM roBopM/iocb: "06cyAMTe c()M /ibM c HanapHMKOM, Bbipawaa MWC/IM, 3MOI4MM M HyBCTBa, KOTOpbie y BaC Bbl 3 Ba /l (J) M/lbM, KaK 06 blHH0, HO coxpaH MTe npM 3TOM 6e3yHacmoe BbipaweHMe ziMLja". BbipaweHMfl /IMLJ O6 OMX ^ ynacTHMKOB BO BpeMfl o6cy>KAeHMfl 3anMCbiBa;iMCb Ha BMAeo, M HMKTO M 3 HMX He 3H3/1, KaKMe 6bmw MHcrpyKLjMM y HanapHMKa . Tenepb npeACTaBbTe, HTO Bbl o6 LLiaeTeCb CO BTOpbIM yHaCTHMKOM (c TeM, KOTOpOrO npOMHCTpyKTMpoBa /iM coxpaHHTb 6e3yHacTHoe BbipaweHMe ziMLja ).

TpeHepy cneflyeT coxpaHHTb 6e3yHacraoe Bbipaaceime nni a n MOHOTOH HOCTb rojioca, nrpaa pojib Bxoporo ynacTHMica, BO BpeMH HTCHMH Bcnyx

^

.

cneAyiomero pa3 Ae/ia

(CoxpaHHMTe OTCTpaHeHHoe Bbipaacemie mili,a M npoAo;maMTe roBopMTb .) “dmOttl (filMbM M6HK YYIUK 6360JIH06C171. Muoedd OH 6bin onenb cmpaumuM, a unoeda — onenb 3a6aenbLM. HanpuMep, Koeda nnoxou napenb ebicmpenun e nedu e p03060M nnambe,, x 6un e uuoKe, no Koeda x nonxn, nmo OH 3dMeHun mcmoxwyw nynw weneunou u ona cmana cKaKamb no eceu KOMHame, x xoxoman om eocmopea. A Koeda cmpenxeiuuu ceanuncx e nan c namoKou, x nymb He O6UOHUR ce6e tumanu om cMexa”. MOHOTOHHbIM rOJIOCOM

npoBeAMTe o6cy^CAeHne npn noMomii cneAyiomMx BonpocoB. S

CnpocMTe: KaK eu dyMaeme, KaKUMU 6binu pe3ynbmambi uccnedoeaHUX ?

318 FhaBa 5 . flJiaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

ApTepwanbHoe flaBneHMe BToporo ynacTHMica noflHnnocb; STO CBM eo 6o;iee BMCOKOM ypoBHe TpeBO>KHOCTM npn no aB/ieHMM SMOIJMM. Earn noMHMTe, MMCHHO OH nonyHMTi MHCTpyKijMM He M3o 6 pa >KaTb McnwTaHHbie SMOIJMM. K TOMy yxe apTepnaTibHoe flaB/ieHMe nepBoro ynacTHMica TaiOKe no,n,HHTiocb, M Kor a ero cnpaiHMBa /m , He xoTen TIM 6 bi OH npoBecTM 6onbme BpeMeHM co CBOMM HanapHMKOM, TO noHTM Bcer a nonyna7IM OTKa 3. S CnpocMTe: Hmo amo uccnedoeanue noMoeaem nau nomnib o nodaenenuu 3MOU,UU ? YcTpaHeHMe SMOijMOHanbHoro Bbipa >KeHMfl Ha nnije M B ro/ioce Ka^ceTCH cMTHaTiOM He flpy>Ke;iK)6HOCTM H BO3MO>KHOM yrpo3bi fl /ra OKpy>Ka IOIIJMX. K TOMy )Ke MM nacTO McnbiTbmaeM TpeBory, Haxo HCb pn OM c jnoflbMM , KOTopbie noflaBnflioT CBOM SMOU MM, oco6eHHO B cnTyaipinx, B KOTOpbIX npMHHTO npOHBJIHTb HyBCTBa. MHOTOHMC /ieHHbie MCCJlt flOBaHMH nOKa3bIBaK)T, HTO HaM CBOMCTBeHHO M36eraTb TIIOfleM, KOTOpbie npMBbIKTIM CKpbIBaTb CBOM nepe>KMBaHMfl . OHM o6 bIHHO BOOipM HMMaioTCH Kax He3ac/iy>KMBaK)mMe OBepMH, M STO MO ceT npMBecTM ^ TeubCTBOBano

^

^

^

.

K

COUiMa /IbHOM

^

^

H 307IHIJMM , OCTpaKM3My, O MHOHeCTBy M Cepbe3HbIM

^

npo6/ieMaM. S CnpocMTe: Kaxoe 3 Hcmenue smo uccnedoeanue mex, Kmo npuebiK CKpueamb ceou nyecmea? ncMXMnecKMM

Be3ynacTHoe

^

^

Mowem UMemb

M /IM 3acTbiBiuee Bbipa ceHMe nmja OTpnijaTe/ibHO

^

dnx cxa -

3bIBaeTCH Ha OTHOUieHMHX, XOTMTe Bbl 3TOTO M 7IM HeT!

—

riPMMEMAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. CKpbIBaTb CBOM MyBCTBa Bno/iHe HopMa /ibHO, HO fle/iaTb STO nocroflHHO, OTHOiiieHMB MoryT nocTpaflaTb. TpeHepy cnepyeT noOUUpBTb yqaCTHMKOB npaKTMKOBaTb CaMOMCC /ieflOBaHMe B OTHOliieHMM C06CTBeH Horo CTMJlfl COLJMa /lbHblX CMTHa /lOB npM nOMOllJM CJieflyiOlUMX BOnpOCOB. KOKUM o6 po30 M MOU cmu/ib copuanbHbix cuenonoe Moe noenuamb HO OKpywaiomux? Kax

ecjiM

nacmo ebipaweHue Moezo nuu,a coomeemcmeyem MOUM eHympeHHUM nepewueaHU ceou ucmuHHbie nepewueoHua? HeMyMHe cnedoeono 6bi Hoynumbca? HM ? rJoneMy a 6 oiocb pocKpbimb

YpoK 9. CouMa /ibHbie cnma/ibi MMetOT 3HaHeHMe! 319

( 06ii 3aTeAbHo ) IloAO >KeHMe ypoKa OmKpumoe canoGupanceHue — doGepue — cou,uaAi Hue cGn3u }

IIpefljioflaiTe ynacTHHKaM 03HaK0MMTbCfl c pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTepna^oM 9.1 , “OTKpwToe caMOBbipaflceime — ftOBepwe — cou;na;ibHbie CBB3M

•

Jlwdu ue CMoeym eac y3 Hamb, ecnu obi

He

.

6ydeme denumbcx CSOUMU ne-

pexcueaHUHMU

• M« doeepxeM moMy, nmo euduu, a He momy, nmo cnvnuuM.

OT -

AaiOT npeflnoHTeHMe HeBep 6 a /ibHbiM Bbipa>KeHMHM KaK 6 o /iee Hafle^HbiM MKaTopaM BHyTpeHHero COCTOKHHH no cpaBHeHnio c Bep 6anbHbiM onncaHneM nyBCTBa CTbifla. Mcc;ieflOBaHHH noKa 3biBaK) T, HTO HeBep -

MH

^

6a /ibHoe Bbipa>KeHMe SMOIJMM c/iy>KnT nyBCTB HenoBena no cpaBHeHMio

jiyniiniM MHflnKaTopoM ncTMHHbix

c Bep 6a /ibHon KOMMyHMKaijMen.

• OmKpbimoctnb u eomoonocmb compydHimamb ot^enueawmcx no deu,a

(HanpMMep, no Bbipa>KeHHK) ninja, TOHy ro/ioca, CKopocTn penn, HannHnio 3pMTe/ibHoro KOHTaKTa, nono>KeHnK> Te/ia n >Ke CTaM).

cmouxM

He CHOOUM

3a6aBHbie 4>axTbi. EOTOKC: KpacMBbie, HO oflMHOKMe MccneflOBaHUB nOKa3blBa »OT, MTO 6OTOKC — 3TO Hei/ipOTOKCMH, KOTOpbll/l LUMpOKO MCnonb3yeTCB B KOCMeio/ioruM fl/ia pa3r/ia>KHBaHi/iB jimjeBbix MopmuH, MTO npi/iBOfli/iT K

HEECTECTBEHHOMY BbipaweHwo jinpa, cHH>KeHHK) cnoco6Hocrn BbipawaTb BMOUMM, a [ Havas , Glenberg , Gutowski, Lucarelli, & Davidson, 2010]. JIIOAM, no/iyHMBWne HHbeKpuK) 6oTOKca, BOCnpuHUManucb B npopecce oOmeHi/ia KaK MeHee MCKpeHHHe n He 3ac /iy>KHBaK)iAne AOBepuB (HanpHMep, BbipaweHne MX /IHLJ KaweTca MCKyccTBeHHbiM, a y/ibi6Ka — MeTaiOKe 6biCTpo M TOMHO pearnpoBaTb B 3M04H0Ha/ibHbix CUTYAPUAX

.

Hee MCKpeHHen)

JlmjeBbie Mbimpbi napa^ M3ytOTCH 6OTOKCOM; KaK 3TO Macro ObiBaeT c wepTBaMM MHcynbTa (XOTH M He cro/ib cwibHo), TeM caMbiM yxyAwaa pa 6oiy KaK "nepeflaiomero" TaK H "npMHMMajomero" KaHanoB KOMMyHMKapuM. OiAymeHMe HeafleKBaTHOCTH BK)flei?i c 6OTOKCOM, no HX c /iOBaM, noxo>Ke Ha cmyapmo, Korfla Mbi y/ibiOaeMca nepefl KaMepoi/i, HO c()OTorpa KeT CAenaTb CHMMOK Y/ibi6Ka ObiCTpo 3aMnpaeT 1/1 Hani/iHaeT Ka 3aTbca c a /ibiiJHBOM, v\ Mbi MO>KeM HewcroBO noflroHBTb c oTorpatjja, noTOMy MTO MyBdByeM HeafleKBaTHOCTb 3acTbiBiijero

.

^.

^

Bbipa>KeHHH /inpa

S Cnpocme: KaK pe3y / ibTarbi aroro

npu rK?

uccjienoBaHHH MOMHO npuMeHHTb

320 DiaBa 5. ri/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

KUK o6cywdanocb ua nocnedneM 3aHxmuu, ebipaoKeuue nui a — amo MotuHbiu HeeepdanvHbiu cot uanbHbiu cuzuan. Bo BpeMH o6meHMH MM BHMMaTenbHO M3ynaeM Bbipa >KeHMe nnij;a Apyroro ne/iOBeKa. Y ne/iOBeKa 6o7ibine /mijeBbix Mbiinij, H Z M y ;no 6oro flpyroro aKMBOTHoro. MM Mo^ceM ccJ)opMMpoBaTb 6onee 10 TMC. pa3Hbix Bbipa>KeHMM ninja, XOTH 6o/ibiimHCTBO Tno eii eflBa jm no/ib3yiOTCfl coTHew. nPAKTMKYMTECb! BaM eme

^

^

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HyncHO onpo6oBaTb 9 900 BbipaaceHim!

(06«3 aTeAbHo) IIpaKTHHecKoe ynpajKHeHMe Hemupe Munu - npanmuKu cot uaji -bHUX CUZHCUIOS

^

nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. C/ieflyiomMe

jpv\ MMHM-ynpa>KHeHMfl Heo6xoflMMO eflMHOM flyxe npaKTMK 0C03HaHH0CTM "fleMCTBMM 6e3 n/iaHUipOBaHUB" BxoflBii MX B nporpaMMy PO A IT (CM. ypoK 12), a 3HanMT — 6e3 BBOAHWX MHcrpyKLJMM, noAroTOBKM i/iBi/i npeflBapMTe/ibHoro o6cy>KAeHMfl Toro, HTO AOJI>KHO npon30MTM. BMecTO 3Toro TpeHep AO/i>KeH npocTO HanaTb Ka>KAoe HOBoe Mi/iHi/i-ynpa>KHeHi/ie 6e3 KaKnx-/in6o KOMMemapweB. OcHOBHaa Lje/ib 3TMX ynpa >KHeHMM — AOHecn/i BbinOJIHMTb B

^

^

,

MbIC/lb O TOM HTO LlIMpOKMe >KeCTbl CpeAM COlineMeHHMKOB

paAOCTM, a 3aoAHO neMy-TO HaynMTb!

6yKBaBbHo; OHM

cneijMajibHO

OieAyfrre

pa 3pa 6oiaHbi

MOryT npl/lHOCl/lTb MHOrO

oriMcaHMHM M

Tax, HTO6W

no/io>KeHi/iBM ypoxa 3TM MMHM-ynpa>K-

CAe/iaTb

HeHMB KOpOTKMMM M yBJieKaTe/lbHblMM ( M JierHe Bcero 3TOrO AOCTMmyTb, AOC /IOBHO

no/io>KeHMB ypoKa). Bo/iee npoAO/iwMTe/ibHafl npaKTMKa M/IM Aono/iHMTe/ibynpa>KHeHMfi MoryT Bbi3BaTb Mbic /ib, HTO Hemo Tpe6yeT McnpaB/ieHMH M/IM HTO Hy>KHO Cepbe3HO OTHOCMTbCfl K pa3B/ieHeHMHM. 3TO MO>KeT Bbl3BaTb CM/lbHbie 3MOL4MM caMOOcy>KAeHMB, o KOTopwx BaiiiM K /iMeHTbi c l K Bp«A BM BaM paccKa>KyT (K/iMeHTbi c l~K MCK/uoMMTe/ibHO Be>KJiMBbi), M, TaKMM o6pa30M, nnaBHaa 3aAana A3 HHOM npaKTMKM He 6yAeT Bbino/iHeHa. Tax HTO ABA ycneu/ Horo npoBeAeHMH ynpawHeHMH npMAep>KMBaMTecb npMBeAeHHoro HM>xe cijeHapMfl M/IM nojio>KeHMM o6yneHMH M He CMyiAaMTecb msa HTCHMA npfiMO c /lMcra M KOPOTKMX o6cy>KAeHMM. MMTaB

Hbie

"

.

BA>KHOE flOnOJlHMTEJlbHOE nPMMEMAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA B TOM Ma/iOBepoHTHOM c /iynae, ec/iM KaKOM-/iM6o M3 ynacTHMKOB 3aHHTMH OTKaweTca BcraTb M noc /ieAOBaTb MHCTpyKl MHM, TpeHepy Hy>KHO npOCTO nOBepHyTb MHCTpyKLJMM BCrmTb, T.e. CKa3aTbynacTHMKaM 33 HHTMH He BCTaBaTb:"OKeM, xopoLuafl pa6oTa! Tenepb BHOBb 3aMMM-

^

Te CBOM MecTa" 3aTeM MHCTpyKTopy, npMBeT/iMBO y/ibi6HyBUJMCb M c/ierKa npMnoAHHB

6p0BM (MB03Aep>KaBLUMCb 0TAaJibHeMLiJMXK0MMeHTapMeB),aieAyeTnp0BecTMynpa>K. OyHKLjMfl 3TMX AeMCTBMM — o6teduHumb nneMa c meM conneM eHHUKOM, Komopbiu He we/ iaem c / iedoeamb 30 eceMu, OAHOBpeMeHHO nepeAaBaa HecKO/ibKo B3>KHblX nOCJiaHMM: 1 ) OT ynaCTHMKOB 0>KMAaeTCB aKTMBHOCTb BO BpeMH 3aHHTMH; HeHMe CMAH

ypoK 9. Copna /ibHbie cuma/ibi HMeioT 3HaHeHne! 321

2) ec/in ynacTHUK He wenaeT npncoeflHHHTbCH KO BceM, TO Bee ocra/ibHbie npncoeflnno OTHOiueHHK) Apyr K flpyry, M MMCHHO noaTOMy Bee CHOBa cerm; i/i 4) rpynne Heo6xoflMMo ynacTHe Kawfloro, HTo6bi Bee Momu pa 3flennTb o6my »o paflocTb i/i 6biTb nacTbio eflMHoro nneMeHH. Bo BpeMfl Bbino/iHeHHB ynpa>KHeHi/ifl TpeHepy c /ieayeT nonpoHBTCB K HeMy; 3) Bee ynacTHMKM cBB 33 Hbi Me>Kfly CO6OM M npoBBJiBJOT yBa>KeHne

6oBaTb yCTaHOBHTb 3pHTenbHblM KOHTaKT C yHaCTHMKOM, OTKa3aBLUHMCB C eflOBaTb MHCTpyKLJMflM (fl/lB BbipaweHMfl MCKpeHHerO >Ke/iaHMfl, HT06bl OH npHCOeflHHHnCH K

^

ocra /ibHOi/i rpynne, H OTcyTCTBHH Heoflo6peHMH c BaweM CTOpOHbi). ECJIM Bbi BcrpeTM-

-

Tecb C 3THM yMaCTHHKOM B3mflflOM, 6blCTpO y/lbl6 HMTeCb H, B03MOKHO, CJierKa KMBHM Te, npeflnaran TeM caMbiM npncoeflMHHTbCB K

nrpe M AeMOHCTpnpya BHHMaTe/ibHoe OTHOiueHMe (CM. TaK>Ke pa3fle/i"3a6aBHbie 4)aKTbi. flpa 3 Hmb win He Apa 3HHTb — BOT B HeM Bonpoc" B ypoKe 22). Ba>KHO, HTo6bi TpeHep npoBe/i 3aieM Mi/iHi/i- npaKTMKy Tax, 6yflTO HHHero oco6eHHoro He npon3omno, T.e. on^ Tb Hana /i c o 6pameHna KO BceM ynacTHHKaM c npocb6on BCTaTb. CKopee Bcero, yHacTHHK-HOHKOHc()opMncT Hexom Bbino/iHHT npocb6y (Tenepb OH ywe 3HaeT, HTO HOHKOH())OPMM3M He pa6oiaeT), noc /ie Hero TpeHep MOweT npnBeT/inBO eMy y/ibi6HyTbcn (M flawe noflMHmyTb), HTo6bi Bbipa 3HTb CBOK) paflocrb B CBB 3H c aTHM peweHweM (BO BpeMH nepepbiBa MJ1M noc/ie 3aHHTHH TpeHep MO>KeT J1MHHO Bbipa 3HTb CBOK) npH3HaTe/lbHOCTb 3a TOTOBHOCTb CO-

. Ho ec /11/1 ynacTHHK Bee >xe OTKaweTca BCTaBaTb, TpeHepy Heo6xoflHMo Bee Te >Ke f\ ev\ciB \AH , HTO H nepefl 3TMM. Ham onbiT noKa3biBaeT,

TpyflHHnaTb)

6yfleT Bbino/iHHTb HTO

co BpeMeHeM ynacTHMKM noHHMaiOT, HTO OTK33 OT ynacTHH He CTOMT Tex ycn/inM,

KOTopwe npnxoflHTCB fl/iH 3Toro npwiaraTb (ynHTbiBaa, HTO ynacTHMKH nocemaiOT 3aHHTHB A 06p0B0nbH0), nOTOMy HTO HHCTpyKTOp flenaeT OTKa 3 nOHTM HeB03M0>K-

. M 3TO MO>KeT 6blTb Ba>KHblM 06yHai0lAMM MOMeHTOM

HblM

~

MHOTHX KTlMeHTOB C l K.

MMHM - ynpa^KHeHwe 1

.

MHCTpyKijMM rionpocMTe ynacTHMKOB BCTaTb. Kor a Bee 6yAyT croflTb, ^ CKa KMTe: “A Tenepb A BaiiTe Bee c enaeM mnpoKMM >KecT — BOT Taicon” ^ ^ TpeHep AO/DKeH noKa3 aTb >KecT, noAHHB pyKM BMCOKO Hafl ro/ioBon M Aemn ninpoKwe icpyrn, nocTeneHHO onycKan pyKn BHM3, noKa OHM He 6y yT ^ napannenbHbi HoraM. IIoc;ie STOTO cpa3y >Ke o 6paTMTecb K rpynne c npM3biBOM: “Tenepb Bama onepeftb — CAenanTe niMpoicnn acecT” (Bee AOTDKHM BMnonHMTb 3TO ABMMCeHMe OAHOBpeMeHHO, BKTHOHaH MHCTpyKTOpa). “ Xoporno, caAMTecb”.

^

.

06cyHCAeHne Ha nmo 6 bi o6pamunu enuManue? Bu cbenanu maKou Me mu Mean, KUK 6bino noKa3 auo, unu earn Mean 6un 6onee cdepMaunbiM? Hmo dmo MOMem CKa3amb o mou, KaK eu eupaMaeme coxpuanbHue cuenanbi ?

poKuu

322 Vnass 5. flJiaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT nPI/IMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. Bo/ibWMHCTBO

poKwe KpyrM pyKaMi/i , KaK noKa 3biBa/i TpeHep.

o6cy >KfleHMB.

c f K cfle/iatOT He T3Kne LUMHcno/ib3yMTe 3TOT 4> aKT B npouecce "

K /inemoB

MnHw - ynpaacHeHMe 2 S CnpocMTe: Kax O6UHHO

eupaxcaromcx eocnpuuMHueocmb u omxpu -

ffaeaume nonpo6yeu. Bee cnoea ecmaubme . A menepb eunonmume MOU uHcmpyKi uu: nodnuMume pym, pa3eedume ux e emopo Hbiy nodanbtue om ce6x , a menepb na ypoene noxca . ffepxcume nadonu omKpbimbiMU u pa36 epnymbiMU eneped . TpeHepy Heo6xo u;MMO noica mocmb?

^

1

3bIBaTb

.

06yHeHMe 3mu xcecmu omxpbimou nadonbw xenxwmcx ynueepcaubnuu eupaxceuueM omKpbimocmu K o6w,eHWO . Karne y eac eo3 HUKawm outyu e HUX eo epeMX eeo 6 binonneHux ?

^

npaKTMKa. Xopoiuo, daeaume nonpo6yeM ew,epa3: onyemume pym enu3 u coxcuume Kynam U 30 ecex cun. Tenepb daeaume ebipaxcamb omxpbimocmb: omeedume pym e emopony c pacKpumbmu nadonxMU . Tenepb cneexa ynu6numecb u npunodnuMume 6poeu. Bbi 3auemunu,, xax u3Menunucb eamu ow,yw,eHux? Xopoiuo, MOXCHO cadumbcx.

06cyHc eHwe. Hmo eu 3auemunu?. Omnunanucb nu ou yu enux npu eupaxcenuu omKpbimocmu om moeo, xax eu ce6x O6UHHO nyeemeyeme? KaK amo Moxcem eac xapaxmepU 3oeamb?

^

^ ^

MuHn - ynpaatHeHMe 3 06yHeHne. Ulupome omKpbimbie xcecmu pacKpbimbiuu nadonxMU cuenanu3 upywm o eocnpuuMHueocmu, owyu enuu 6e3onacnocmu u npoxenenuu do 6pou eonu u nau e eceeo ebi 3 bieawm accou,uau,uu c xopoiuuM nacmpoenueM , ydoenemeopenueM , padoembw , npaednoeanueM u mpuyucfioM .

^

^

06yHeHne. Bcnounume, Karate coi uanbuue cuenanu deMoncmpupywm cnopmcMeubi nocne moeo, KaK euuepawm Onuunuady unu dpyeue eaxenue copeenoeanux. He3aeucuMo om xynbmypnou npunadnexenoemu nwdu euCOKO eeepx nodnuMawm pym c omKpbimbiMU nadonxMU dnx moeo, nmo6u omnpa3dnoeamb ceou ycnex. Kax 6ydmo xomxm o6nxmb eecb Mup.

^

Odynemie. HaM ne nyxeno ynumbex nodo6nuM coi uanbHbiu cuenanaM , u onu ocmawmcx Heu3ueHHbiuu eo ecex xynbmypax. HanpuMep, xax noxa -

^

YpoK 9. Copna bHbie cnma /ibi ^

MMeiOT 3HaneHMe!

323

uccnedoeanux, cnenue cnopmcuenu, xomopue nuxozda ne eudenu eupancenux nuu, dpyzux nwdeu unu ux ncecmu, eo epeux nodedu unu nopa ncenux deMOHcmpupywm maKue nee eupancenue nuu,a u ncecmu, xax U 3 pxHue cnopmcuenu. npaKTMKa. ffaeaume nonpo6yeM ece euecme. Mu monbKo nmo euuzpanu 500 -uempoeuu 3a6ez. KCIKUMU 6ydym eatuu cou,uanbnue cuznanu? Tame! IJodnuMumepym eucoxo, pa3eepnume nadonu napyncy u o6nuuume ne6eca. M nod 6opodoK noeuuie! Cxancume: “ flA! 3mo TIOEEflA!” Omnunnax pa6oma! Tenepb uoncno cecmb.

3 bi6 awm

MMHM - ynpaacHeHne 4 nopancenuu? Kame menecnue deuncenux unu eupancenux nuu,a ceudemenbcmeywm 06 amoM ? npaKTMKa (MOHOTOHHbIM TOHOCOM C 6e3yHaCTHbIM Bbipa^CeHIieM JIMIja.) Xopovuo, daeaume ece nonpo6yeu npobeuoncmpupoeamb nopancenue. Ham nyncno dnx amozo ecmaeamb? O-o-o... x npouzpan, u Mne menepbynce ecepaeHO. ft edea uozy cmoxmb. 3aneu eoo6iuie o neM -mo 6ecnoxoumbcx?.. ft max ncanox... TpeHep ROJiyKen nocne 3Toro onycTMTb ronoBy, ccyTynnTbca, npon BMTb nonHoe 6e3ynacTMe n OKOHMMTB npaKTMKy. S CnpocMTe: Kax nwdu cuznanu3upywm o

.

06cy5KffeHMe. Kaxue ou yu enux y eac eo3 nuxnu ? Bu 3aMemunu pa3nuu,y e ou yu enuxx eo epeux eupancenux mpuyue a u eupancenux nopancenux? Hmo UMenno eu 3auemunu?. Hmo amo Moncem 03 nanamb?

^ ^

^ ^

^

( 06 ji3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe ypOKa Awdu BKcnepmu 6 onpedejienuu cuzHafioB cou,uaAi Hou 6e 3 onacHOcmu

—

)

npeflJioacMTe ynacTHMKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH c pa3ffaTOHHWM MaTepnanoM 9.2 ( BbipaxceHMe 3MOIJMM nepea OKpyacaiomMMH ) . • Jlwdu aKcnepmbi e onpedenenuu cuznanoe cou,uanbnou 6e3onacHocmu. MbI CIIOCo6HbI pa37IMHMTb, fleMCTBMTe/IbHO /1M flpyrOM He/IOBeK HyBCTByeT ce6n B 6e3onacHocTM n pacc/ia6/ieHHO BO BpeMH o6ui,eHMH, Bcero Jimiib no TOHy ronoca, no/io>KeHMK) Tena n Bbipa >KeHnio imn,a. • Mw c nodo3 penueM omnocuMcx K meM , xmo cxphieaem ceou nyecmea. Haxofl/icb PHAOM c TaKMMn Hio bMn , Mbi ncnbiTbiBaeM Hanpa >KeHne n CKHOHHbl nx M 36 eraTb.

—

^

324 f/iaBa 5. fljiaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

3a6aBHbie ct> aKTbi. rioHmviaHMe OKpywaiomMX no OTflenbHbiM nocTynKaM JlioflM — 3KcnepTbi B onpefle/ieHMM cuma/iOB coLjMajibHOM 6e3onacHOCTM. Ham M03r 3anporpaMMMpoBaH onpefle/iBTb TO, HacKO/ibKO /itoflM MyBCTByiOT ce6n pacc/iaO/ieHHblMM MJ1M HanpflWeHHbIMM, HaCKOJlbKO MM HeyfOTHO BO BpeMfl pa3rOBOpa M B KaKOM CTeneHM Ha 3TO B/IMBIOT SMOLJMM caMOOcywfleHMB. HanpMMep, MCcneflOBaHMB noKa3blBatOT, MTO Mbl — 3KCnepTbl B Onpefle/ieHMM Toro, HaCKOJlbKO MCKpeHHKDK) MJ1M (j)ajlbujMByio yjibi6Ky Mbi BMflMM, M Mbi TOMHO TaK MO>KeM onpefle/iMTb HanpnweHMe no TOHy ro/ioca flawe BO BpeMB Tejie4>OHHoro pa3roBopa [ Pittom & Scherer, 1993]. Mcoieflo-

,

BaHMB noKa3biBaiOT HTO Bcero HecKonbKO MMHyT HeBep6a/ibHoro

oOmeHMB MJIM flawe

|>OTorpa 4>Mfl /lML a no3BormeT ccj>opMMpoBaTb flocraTOHHO TOHHoe npeflcraB/ieHMe o xapaKTepe He3HaKOMoro qe/iOBeKa, ero coqMa/ibHo-3KOHOMMHecKOM ciaiyce M MOpa/ibHbix KanecTBax, T3KMX KaK HaflewHOCTb M a/ibrpyM3M [ Ambady &Rosenthal, 1992; Kaul & Schmidt, 1971; Kraus & Keltner , 2009]. Cpa3y we M npaKTMnecKM 6e30WM6oMHO ( )eKTMBHoe BbipaweHne SMOIJUM Bcerfla MHorfla Rjm 3( )({)eKTiiBH0CTn Heo6xo/i;nMO MMCHHO orpaHMHeHHoe MJIM KOHTpo/inpyeMoe BbipaweHne SMOIJHH pa n m6 eraHMH HeHywHoro Bpe a H /HTIM RJISI TOTO, HTO6W WMTb B COOTBCTCTBUM C co 6cTBeHHbiMn i eHHOcTHMn (HanpnMep, apecT nofl03peBaeMoro, nrpa B noKep, cepbe3Hbin pa3roBop c pe6 eHKOM- noflpocTKOM). 3 aBncnT OT KomeKCTa.

^

J

^

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nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. llpM BbipaweHMM 3MOL4MM 3H3MeHMe MMeeT KOHTeKCT. HanpMMep, MHorfla noflaB/ieHMe SMOMMM MOweT 6biTb npoflB/ieHMeM ,qo6poTbi (HanpMMep, MaTb cflepwMBaeT c /ie3bi, Korfla cooOmaeT cBoeMy ManeHbKOMy cbmy o TOM, MTO 6o/ibHa paKOM). 1/lHorfla noflaB/ieHMe SMOMMM HeoOxoflMMo fl/in BbiWMBaHMB (HanpMMep, noflaB/ieHMe we/iaHMB HanacTb, Haxoflacb B nneny Ha BOMHe), AJIB 3amMTbi ce6n M CBoero n/ieMeHM (HanpMMep, npM3H3 HMe nepefl npoTMBHMKOM B co6cTBeHHbix cTpaxax M/IM HaxBa/iMBaHMe 6/nofla, KOTopoe He HpaBMTCB, HO 6bmo npMroTOBJieHo B Baiiiy MecTb), M/MJIM Korfla orpaHMMeHMe 3MOMMOHa /ibHbix npoBB/ieHMM Heo6xoflMMO AOCTMweHMB BawHbix Me/ieM (HanpMMep, flnn Toro, MTOOW 6e3 3aflepweK

.

npOMTM nacnopTHblM KOHTpO/lb)

YpoK 9. Couua/ibHbie cw Ha/ibi MMefOT 3HaneHne! 325 "

•

3mo

maKMe

ne 03 Hcmaem HeKOHtnponupyeMoe ebipaMenue 3MOU,UU

^

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odeuHenue e ceoux 3MOU,UXX OKpyMawu ux. OTKpbiToe Bbipa>KeHMe 3MOU, MM npe nonaraeT oflHOBpeMeHHO npM3HaHne co6cTBeHHOM OTBeTCTBeH HOCTM 3 a HMX. OHO Tpe6yeT npM3HaHMH OTBCTCTBCHHOCTM 3 a CBOM nocryn KM BMeCTO o6BMHeHMH B HMX OKpy >KaiOmMX. K tnomy Me omKpbimoe evipaMenue 3MOU,UU coeceM ne npednonazaetn neodxoduMoemu denantb eud , nmo ece 6 nopxdKe, noeda ua CUMOM deneamo He maK

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3a6aBHbie aKTbi. “ CoxpaHHTb cnoKOMCTBue we flyxe ” noMoraeT Ha BOMHe a He B /IK>6BM

M npoflo /DKaTb B TOM

oTcyTCTByeT, Mbi

o6biHHO cKpbiBaeM CBOM nepewi/iBaHna, noTOMy . ECJIM KTO-TO Bbir/iBflMT CJIMLUKOM cflepwaHHblM, X /iaflHOKpOBHbIM MJ1M CHMCXOflMTe/lbHblM B 06CT0flTe/lbCTBaX, KOTOpbie npeflno/iaratOT OTKpbiToe BbipaweHMe nyBCTB (Hanpwviep, ec/iM Bbi TO/ibKo HTO y3Ha/iM, HTO Bam flpyr 6o/ieH paKOM, Ha TaHpeBajibHOM BenepMHKe, npeA /iaraa pyKy M cepflL\e, xBa/ifl pe6 eHKa 3a xopowo Bbino/iHeHHoe 3aflaHne, Ha Bcrpene c KO/uieraMM 3a ni/iBOM MJIM BO BpeMB cnopa c cynpyroM), TO OH MoweT 6biTb HenpaBn/ibHO noHBT. BHeiiJHee cnoKOi/icTBMe MO>KHO (M nacro TaK M nponcxoflm) MHTepnpeTnpoBaTb KaK BbicoKOMepne, paBHOflyujMe, we/iaHMe MaHMny/iMpoBaTb MJIM BbipaweHMe HenpM-

Korfla flOBepue

HTO He qyBCTByeM ce6a B 6e3onacHocTM

HeraTMBHbie . JlioflAM HpaBBTCB Te, KTO OTKpbiTO BbipaxKe M3BeCT-

B3HM

3MOLJMM, no CpaBHeHMK) C TeMM, KTO

,

,

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CMymeHMB (HanpMMep, noKpacHeHMe) BB/iaeTcn

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TM6KMM pa 3yM MYflP. Pa 6oTa c nyBCTBOM CTbifla, cMymeHMfl M OTBep>KeHHOCTM MJIM npeHe6pe>KeHMn").

•

npaeunbHbie u HenpaeunbHbie cnoco6bi ebipaMenun cmnanoe Y Ka>KAoro M3 Hac CBOM yHMKanbHbiM CTM/ib caMOcoUfUanbHbix . BbipaMCeHMH

BUMHO ne

ucKamb

.

• JIuHHbiu cmunb BbipaMenuH eauiux HUMepenuu u nepeMueanuu so speMH o6wJeHUH dojiMen nocumb (fiyHKt uoHanbHbiu xapaicmep, B oco 6 eHHo ^ CTM 3T0 KacaeTCH Tex TIIOfleM, OTHOUieHMH C KOTOpbIMM Bbi IjeHMTe.

• 3KHO noAHepKHyTb, MTO i/iCKpeHHHB 6ni/i30CTb BOBce He 03HaHaeT BbipaweHne 3MOLJI/IM 6e3 yneia omymeHMM BToporo MenoBeKa. Hanpu-

num

/i BnacTi/i Mep, MccneflOBaHMB noKa 3 biBaioT, MTO /nofli/i, KOTopbie HaxoAflTCH B no3 win AOMMHupoBaHMB no OTHoiueHi/iio K CBoeMy napTHepy, Macro 6onee CBO6OAHO BBIPA >KaiOT meB H Bee >Ke cBo6oAHoe Bbipa >KeHPie MyBCTB He noApa 3yMeBaeT npo-

.

BB/ieHMH meBa,

KorAa 6 bi MHAMBMA ero HI/I

i/icnbiTbiBan

( )( . flnn Toro mo6 bi 3| |)eKTMB-

HO BblpawaTb CBOl/1 3MOI4 MM M MyBCTBa, Heo6xOAMMO yMMTbIBaTb KOHTeKCT l/l MyBCTBa

OKpy>Ka »oiAMX.

YpoK 9. Cou,na/ibHbie cnma/ibi nMeiOT 3HaneHne! 327

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3a6aBHbie cJ>aKTbi. Coukia /ibHbie cnrHa /ibi OKa 3 biBaiOT B /ikinHue Ha M03r! C^ erKa npunoflHBTbie 6poBM He TO/ibKO cBywaT BbipaweHMeM npocopMa/ibHbix HaMepeHHM, HO M ecTecTBeHHbiM o6pa 30M 3anycKaiOT cMCTeMy coqMaBbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM y O 6OMX ynacTHUKOB o6meHMB (npn IIOMOLAM AByHanpaB/ieHHOM npnpoflbi Hamert peryjiBTopHOM CMCTeMbi "M03r-TeB0" y Toro nexioBeKa, KOTopbiM BbipawaeT 3TM 3M0LJMM, M npM nOMOLLJM MMKpO-MMMMKpMM M 3epKaJlbHblX HeMpOHOB y MX pepMriMeHTa; CM. ypoK 3). Mbi aBTOMaTMMecKM MMMTMpyeM Ha AOBM MMBBMceKyHAbi BbipaweHMe BMLja OKpywaioiAMx, HTO B pe3y/ibTaTe 3anycKaeT Te we M03roBbie peHTpbl MBM 3epKa/lbHbie HeMpOHbl M n03B0BfleT HaM (j) M3M0J10rMHeCKM MCriblTaTb OlMyLAeHMB He/iOBeKa, KOToporo Mbi TaKMM o6pa30M "0T3epKaBMBaeMw [Montgomery & Hoxby, 2008; Von derGaog , Minderaa, & Keysers, 2007]. llpM BMfle neBOBeKa, KOTOpblM CKpMBM/lCfl OT 60BM, Mbi CKBOHHbl, CaMM TOrO He 0C03HaBafl, npMHMM3Tb Ha MM/uiMceKyHflbi TaKoe we BbipaweHMe BMLja. BBaroflapa 3epKaBbHbiM HefipoHaM Ha BMcpepaBbHOM ypoBHe MOWHO noHBTb, KaK HyBCTByeT ce6a ApyroM HeBOBeK [ T.R. Lynch, Hempel, & Dunkley, 2015; Schneider et al., 2013].

ypoK 10. Mcno/ib30 BaHne couna /ibHbix cuma /iOB /yia >KM 3 HM .. . 337

( PeKOMeHAyeTCH ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHMe AHOAAO , 6 po6 u! IIoKaflCMTe BMAeoK /mn c YouTube OTpbiBOK M3

KoMeflMMHoro

npoAOjmMTejibHOCTbio 1: 30 MMH . poyA-uioy MaiiKjia MaKMHTaiipa ‘ToBopniijMe

6poBMM. 3aTeM o 6cyAMTe yBMAeHHoe: KaK APy^e;no6 HOCTb KOMeAwaHTa MCHH nacb TonbKO npw noMOiijM 6 poBew. HaM STO BMAeo noKa3anocb 6 ecijeHHbiM Ma TepwanoM p, jm AeMOHCTpaijMM Ha BMCijepaTibHOM ypoBHe TOTO, KaKoe 3HaneHMe

npocou;Ma /ibHbie cnrHanbi. ObcyAMTe BMAeo npu noMon M cneAyioiAHx BonpocoB.

MMeioT

^

CnpocMTe: Hmo 6 bi 3 aMemunu? Hmo npoucxoduno, Koeda axmep ony CKan 6p06 U ? M3MemncH JIU npu amou mon eeo eonoca? HeM amo MOMHO 06'bflCHUmb? • ObyueHMe. TpeHepy c/ieAyeT o 6paTMTb BHMMaHMe Ha TO, KaK MeHH /icn TOH ro/ioca aKTepa c MenoAMHHoro ( KorAa OH noAHMMan 6poBw ) Ha 6e3ynacT HMM / MOHOTOHHbiw ( KorAa OH onycKa /i 6 poBw ) . HanoMHMTe o AByHanpaBTieHHOCTM CBH 3M M 03ra M Tena: yTpaTa MCTIOAMHHOCTM ronoca npw onycKa HMM 6 poBeM , CKopee Bcero, OTpancaeT OTK/noneHHe cncTeMbi coijManbHOM 6e 3onacHOCTM KOMeAwaHTa ( BeHTpa/ibHoro BaranbHoro KOMnneKca napa CMMnaTMHecKOM HepBHoii CMCTeMbi; CM. ypoK 2 ) . IIpeACTaBbTe cneAyiomee BMAeo rpynne npu noMon M npMBeAeHHoro HMace sonpoca. S

^

S CnpocMTe: KCIKUMU nenbK 030

uoeym 6bimb nocnedcmeux dnx unadem a unu ua-

pe6euKa, ecnu eeo podumenu nocmoxHuo o6w awmcx c^ HUM C 6e3)

ynacmHbiM ebipaxcenueM nut

^

a u paenodytumiM

MonomoHHUM eonocoM ?

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHMe dKcnepuMeHm “ KaMennoe AUU,O IIoKaflCHTe KopoTKoe BMAeo c YouTube “ KaMeHHoe JIMIJO C AOKTOPOM SABAPAOM TPOHMKOM. 06cyAMTe 3aTeM cvmy BTIMHHMH Ha OKpy^caiou MX AeMOHCTpauiMM 6e3ynacTHoro Bbipa>KeHMH nMu,a.

^

ObcyAMTe BMAeo npM noMOiiiM cjieAyiomMx BonpocoB. S CnpocMTe: Hmo amo eudeo MOMem HblX CMHCM 06 ?

HCIM CKa3amb

o ponu cov uajib -

^

338 f/iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flFIT

•

.

06yHeHMe Cne yeT o6 paTMTb BHMMaHMe Ha Te MCcneflOBaHHH, KOTopbie noKa3biBaioT, HTO jym /HOflew Bbipa>KeHMe TMU& ( HanpiiMep,

^ rHeB, dpax, pa ^ T.e. aBTOMaTMHecKM

cjiyHKijMK) 6e3yc;iOBHoro CTMMy/ia, omymeHMH y peijM STO CTMMyn, KOTopbiw Bbipa6 oTa;ioi B

ocTb ) BbinonHHeT

. Bbipa>KeHMe nmja

roieHTa

pe3ynbTaTe

^

Bbi3bmaeT SMOi MOHanbHbie

—

3BO 7HOU;MM, KaK M peaKijun Ha Hero, HpaBMTcn HaM STO

MTIPI HeT ( HanpwMep, KaK H#

y 3Mew, CBCT y CBeTnflHKOB M np. ) . Hama

peaKn;MH Ha Hero HaHMHaeTCH Ha ypoBHe ceHCopHoro BoenpMHTMH 3a noporoM co3HaHMH.

•

06yHeHne. Pe6eHOK B BM eo pearwpyeT MMCHHO TaK, KaK npe,n; ycMo^ TpeHO 3Bonioij; MeM. HecMOTpn Ha TO HTO MaTb eMOHCTpnpoBa /ia 6e3^ ynacTHoe nrnjo Ha npoTH ^ceHMM Bcero flByx MMHyT, peaKi MH pe6eHKa ^ cne OBana npoTOTMnMHHOMy ma6noHy, KOTopbiM MO>KHO Ha6;no,n;aTb ^ BO Bcex KynbTypax. BHanane pe 6 eHOK nbiTancn Bbi3BaTb peaKUHio MaMbi npw noMom; M cwraanoB npurnameHMA K B3aMM0,qeiicTBiiK) ( T.e. ynbl 6 KOH, CMeXOM, npMnOftHHTblMM 6pOBHMM, 3ByKaMM, KOTOpbie paHee Bbi3biBa/m pa ocTb, M yKa 3bmaHMeM nanbijeM ) . Kor a Bee 3TH ^ nonbiTKM npOBanwnMCb, pe 6 eHOK Hanan eMOHCTpwpOBaTb 3aMeT-

^

^

Hbie npM3HaKM OTHaHHbH , BKnioHaH ocHOBHbie npoHBTieHMH CTpecca

( KpwK, n /ian M po>KMijbi ). Kor,n;a Bee 3TO He cpa6oTa /io, pe6 eHOK MC no/ib30Ba /i e MHCTBeHHyio ocraBinyiocfl flocTynHoii Ha #aHHOM 3Tane pa3BMTMH CTpaTerwio 6yKBa /ibHO nonbiTa /icn OTBepHyTbcn OT MCTOHHMKa 6 o7IM ( MaMbi ).

^

—

S CnpocMTe: KaKuuu uozym 6umb ManenbKoeo

c

HUM

nocnedcmem dnx M /iadem a unu

^ pedewca, earn ezo podumenu nocmonnno o6w,awmcx

c 6e3ynacmHbiM eupaMenueu nui a u paenodytunbiM

^

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•

06paTMTe CTBO

. 06maflCb C Ma /ieHbKMMM fleTbMM, 6oJIbIHMH-

BHMMaHIie

nioflen O6MHHO MCHHIOT TOH

(“ciocioKaHMe” ). HTO / a ibHbix CMrHanax? rirpHBbiM

MOHO -

ronoca

Ha

6onee MenoflMHHbiM H paccxa3aTb o COIJM -

STO MO>KCT HaM

ypoK 10. Mcno/ib30 BaHne couMa /ibHbix cnma /iOB AJIH >KM 3 HM . .. 339

( 06« 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe o6 yHeHna JJoAt 3 yumecij cou,uaAt> Humi cuznaAdMU , nmo6u Aiurm 6 coom6 emcm6uu co CBOUMU u,enHocmfiMU .Tu6 Kuupa3 yn RMCT IIpefljio>iaiTe ynacTHUKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH c pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTepna;iOM 10.3, coijMajibHbix CMraanoB JYIH >KM3HM B COOTBCTCTBUII C CO6CTBeHHbiMn l eHHocTHMM. IMOKMM pa3yM HP1CT”.

wMcnonb30BaHne

^

nPUMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. Hanumme Kawflyio 6yKBy (HUCT) Ha Me/iOBOM MJIM MAPKEPHOW floCKe, pa 3MecmB MX BepTMKa /ibHO oflHa no,q flpyroi/i , HO He Ha 3 biBaa M HE pacKpbiBaB 3HaneHMfl KawflOM M 3 6yKB . 3aieM , HannHan c nepBOM 6yKBbi aKpoHM Ma ( H ) , o6yMai4Te HaBbiKaM, KOTopbie accopMMpyiOTCfl c KawflOM 6yKBOM aKpoHMMa , npn noMOinM nojioweHMM , npuBefleHHbix HM >Ke, noKa He pacKpoeie MX Bee. Ba >KHoe 3aMenaHMe: Ha flocKe c /ieflyeT nMcaTb TO/ibKo o6 myio MHcfcopMapMio, cooTBeTCTByiomyio Ka >KflOM 6yKBe, To/ibKO Korfla Bbi o6yMaeie cBB 3aHHbiM c 3TOM 6yKBOM HaBbiKaM . TaKOM MeTOfl oGyneHMfl no3 Bo/ifleT M 36e>xaTb npocTpaHHbix o6bHCHeHMM 06 Mcno/ib30 BaHMM onpefle eHHbix CJIOB B aKpoHMMe M / MJIM He3 pe/ioro oGyneHMa KOHMenpM ^ HM . 3 HaMeHMe Ka >KflOM 6yKBbl paCKpbIBaeTCB TO /lbKO npM (|)OpMa /lbHOM o6yMeHMM HaBbiKaM, KOTopbie aCCOL4 MMpyiOTCB C HeM .

YM 6 KMVL pa3yM HMCT H

oHepTMTe ijeHHbie ije/iM M nyBCTBa, KOTopbie XOHCTCH McnbiTaTb.

I/I

3(J) (J)eKTMBHO Bbipa>KaMTe CBOM 3M0LJMM M HyBCTBa , Hcn0^b3yB cooTBeTCTByiomMe HeBep6anbHbie cwrHa /ibi .

C

Hcnonb3ywTe CaMoiiccjie flTIfl o6yHeHMH .

T

TpeHHpyilTeCb OTKpbITO Bbipa>KaTb 3M01JMM M HyBCTBa BHOBb M BHOBb.

^

OBaHMe

JS,RR OTcne>KMBaHMH pe 3y/ibTaTOB M

IlepeA o6meHweM IIpeffjioHciiTe ynacTHHKaM o3HaKOMMTbca c paOoHMM pa 3yM HMCT. Onpe eneHMe ijeHHOCTHbix u,e/ieM”.

KMM

H

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10.A, TM 6-

^

oHepTMTe u;eHHbie u,e;iM M nyBCTBa, KOTopbie xoneTca McnbiTaTb.

• IIodyMaume o moM , KUKOU ypoeenv 6nu30cmu em xomenu 6\>i umentb c

.

dpyeuMu modbMU Bocno^b3ywTecb uiKa/iow oi eHKM “CoBna eHMe + 1 ” ( CM . ypoK 21 ) /yin oueHKM Kax TeKymero ypoBHH 6/IM 30CTM OTHOineHMM , Tax M

^cenaeMoro.

^

^

340 DiaBa 5. njiaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

• Onpedenume uiennocmu u HdMepenux, KomopbiM neodxoduMO cnedoeumb padu docmuncenux

xcendenozo

3Toro npoijecca BOcno;ib3yMTecb

ypoenx 6nu30cmu, pa6oHMM

TIMCTOM

HP1CT. Onpe e^eHMe ijeHHOCTHbix uienew ”

• npu

^

HUTIUHUU MHomecmea

uienHOcmeu u u,eneu

RJIK o6nerneHMH

M

10.A , TM6KHM pa3yM

onepmume nau6onee

eaxcHbie U 3 mix dnx mozo muna omnouienuu, Komopbiu ebi xomenu 6bi

•

•

eudemb 6 amou cumyau,uu. Onepmume 3Mou,uu, cex3dHHbie c uuudonee eumubiMU u,enxMU u t ennoCttlXMU ( HanpMMep, HyBCTBO BMHbl CBH3aHHO C LjeHHOCTbK) STMMHOrO noBefleHMfl, rpycTb CBH3aHa c ijeHHOCTbio npM3HaHMH co 6cTBeHHbix OIIIM6OK, CMymeHMe cBH3aHO c ijeHHOCTbio He HapymaTb coijManbHbie HopMbi 6e3 Heo6xOAMMOCTM ) . Onpedenume ocuoenou Kanan, Komopbiu 6ydem naudonee atfufieKmuenbiM dnx ebipancenux ebidpdHHbix SMOI UU (cTaTyc, BbDKMBaHMe, 6;iM30CTb). • 3MOU,UU , cex3aHHbie c coufuanbHmM cmamycoM , ebipdxcuwmcx npu noMon u Tena ( Hanpmviep, cMynjeHMe, yHM ceHiie, CTBI M rop ocTb) . ^

^

^

^

• 3MOU,UU , c6 X 3dHHbie c

^

,

^

ebipancawmcx npu nomou u 7IMU,a ( K HUM OTHOCHTCH rHeB, OTBpameHMe, CTpax, y OBonbCTBMe, cna CTbe M rpycTb). 6 bixcu6 aHueM

^

^

• 3MOU,UU , c6 X 3dHHbie c 6nu30cmbw, ebipdwdwmcx npu UOMOU KOCHOBeHMM ( HanpMMep, /IK> 6 oBb M CMMnaTMH ).

^

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npu -

Bo BpeMH o6meHMH

J

M 3| c )( ) eKTMBHO Bbipa KafiTe CBOM SMOIJMM M nyBCTBa, Mcnonb3yH COOTBeTCTByioinMe HeBep6 a /ibHbie CMraanbi.

•

^

Tpenupyumecb ebipdncumb 3MOU,UU U nyecmeu, ne oncudux nunezo 63d Meu. BbiflenuTe RJIR pyroro ne/iOBeKa Bpeivm Ha peaKUiMio: He yMawTe, HTO OTCyTCTBMe peaKLJMM 03HanaeT OTCyTCTBMe BHMMaHMfl, 6e3pa3HMHHe MTiM aHTMnaTMio. Co6 eceAHMK MO ceT npocTo /miiiMTbCH C/IOB B xopomeM ^

^

^

CMbicne OT yflMBMTe/ibHOM nepeMeHbi B Bac, MO ceT caM McnbiTbiBaTb C /IO>K

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.

^

-

pea-

rwpoBaTb

•

coMueeumbcx, B oco6eHHocTM ec;m B npouuioM y 6bIJI KOH(J)7IMKT C TeM HeTIOBeKOM, C KOTOpbIM Tenepb npaKTMKyeTe OTKpblTOCTb. Mcnonb3 yume npeuAtymecmeenuo K d H d n sbipdncenux 3MOU,UU U nyecme Tejio, JIMIJO unu npuKocHOBeHua, c6 X 3dtwbiu c numepe-

ffdume modxM npdeo

Bac

•

—

—

ypoK 10. Mcno/ib30BaHne couMa/ibHbix cnrHa /iOB nnn >KM 3 HM ... 341

HUXMUJ Komopue

em xomenu 6m pacKpmmv eo epeMx o6iu,eHux, HTO6M

yBe/inniiTb BeponraocTb Toro, MTO flpyroM ne/iOBex BOcnpiiMeT Barne cnaHiie npaBM /ibHO.

•

no-

Coottwocume ueeepdanbHme cuzuanm co ceouMu uieHuocmxMu u uienxMU . TpeHepy c/ie yeT CMO e/iMpOBaTb HeBep6a /ibHbie CMraanbi, oroicaH Hbie B xancAOM M3 npwBeAeHHbix HH >xe npiiMepoB, M npn 3BaTb ynacTHiixoB IIOBTOpHTb 3a HUM. • Ecnu sm xomume, Htno6m e dauuou cumyau,uu eac eocnpuuuManu 6 cepbe3 , npoxenxume cuny xapaKtnepa u empancaume yeepennocmv 6 cede ( HanpwMep, r /iHAfl ApyroMy nenoBexy npHMO B rna 3a, pa 3roBapn Ban cnoKOMHO, HO neTKO, pacnpaBMB n /ienM M BBICOKO noflHHB ro /iOBy ). • ECTIU em xomume ycmcmoeumv c Kem- mo 6nu3 Kue omuouieHux, cuz Hanu3upyume o ceoeM dpyncenwduu ( HanpwMep, cnerxa npiinoAHMMaH 6 poBMj Ten /io y;ibi6aHCb, >xecTMxy/mpyH pyxaMM c OTxpbiTbiMM na o^ HHMII , Mcnonb3yn MenoAMHHbm TOH ro/ioca, xiiBan , no onepeflii Bbicxa 3biBan CBoe MHeHwe BO BpeMH pa3roBopa M / KHM HOKHO xacancb pyxw co6eceAHiixa ) . • Ecnu em xomume 6mme omupoeeHumMu u ucKpenuuMU e nodxodx iqeu dnnamozo cumyat uu, empancaume eoeue mo, nmo em nyecmeye me euympu ( HanpiiMep, McnbiTbiBan rpycTb nocne yTpaTbi, n /ianbTe; MCnbiTbiBan HeyBepeHHOCTb B OTHomeHim nero-TO, no KMManTe n /ienaMM; ^ Kor a BaM HpaBMTCH yc/ibiinaHHoe, KHBanie ronoBoii ; xorAa Bac XBa /iHT, Apy ^KecTBeHHO y/ibi6aiiTecb M BbipaxcaiiTe 6naroflapHOCTb). • Ecnu em cmpeMumeco K cnpaeednueocmu, empancaume omKpmmocmv ( HanpiiMep, BbicnyniMBan o6paTHyio CBH3b, HeMHoro npnnoAHMMaiiTe 6poBn; earn BH CMflMTe Ha CTy/ie, HeMHoro OTxnoHHTecb Ha3a ; 3aMe,n,nM Te TeMn 6eceflw c noMombK) niy6oxoro AMxaHMH; BbiAe/iirre BpeMH RRX Apyroro nenoBexa Ha peaxijHK) Ha Bam Bonpoc MHH Ha6nK)AeHne AO Toro, xax OH Bbicxa>xeT CBoe MHeHHe; on;eHHBaMTe omymeHHH Apyroro ne/iOBexa no COOTBeTCTBMK) MHTeHCMBHOCTM BbipaHCeHMH 3M0IJMM CHTyammi, a He nbiTawTecb ero ycnoxowTb; Hcecmxy/nipyjiTe OTXpbiTbiMii naAOHHMM,

^

^

^

^

^

Bbipa)xaMTe He AOMMHMpoBaHMe, noHCMMan nnenaMM, xorAa wcnbiTbrnaeTe HeyBepeHHOCTb; coxpaHHiiTe MenoAMHHbiii TOH ro/ioca BO BpeMH 6eceAbi ). noKa3amvcn HadmeHumM , empancaume cicpoM u cMupeuue ( HanpuMep, noAAep^MBaiiTe 3pnTenbHbiM xoHTaxT, cnerxa HaxnoHHMTe ronoBy n noHCMMawTe n /ienaMM, xcecTMxyniipyMTe

• Ecnu em ue xomume uocmb

pyxaMM C OTXpblTblMM TiaAOHHMM M TOBOpHTe COHyBCTByK)IAMM TOHOM

ronoca ) .

342 rhaBa 5 . rinaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

( 06a3aTeAbHo ) IIpaKTHHecKoe ynpaxcHeHMe Y 3uaume o mon , Kan 6upa3umi c6 ou i ennocmu )

u HdMepeuun, ne CKa3aS

HU

CAoSa

^

MHCTpyKijHfl. ripeflno^KMTe yqacranKaM npocMOTpeTb pa6oHMM JI MCT 10.A, TM6KMM pa3yM HMCT. Onpefle/ieHne ijeHHocTHbix ije/ien ”, n nonpocnTe MX Bbl6paTb OflHy M3 I eHHOCTeM M7IM HaMepeHMe, KOTOpbie MMeeT

pn

^

fleMCTBMTenbHO

.

HMX 3HaneHMe

IIonpociiTe ynacTHMKOB rpynnw npMBecTM npMMepw ijeHHOcreM M Ha MepeHMM , a 3aTeM npM noMoniiM cneflyiomnx BonpocoB pa36 epMTecb B TOM, Kax MX MO>KHO Bbipa3MTb HeBep6 a;ibHO. FIoompflMTe ynacTHMKOB pa 3 birpbi BaTb M7IM TpeHMpOBaTb Bbipa>KeHMe 3MOU[MM M

aBHoro

HaMepeHMM npM nOMOII M

^

noBefleHMJi, KOTopoe ynacTHMKM rpynnbi onpe#e;in /iM RJIH. Ka^Kfloro

npMMepa.

Kax odbexmueHUu nadnwdamenb cuoncem nonnmb ( unu no xpauneu Mepe yeadamb ) i ennocmu nenoeexa, ecnu o nux ne eoeopumb omKpbimo? Kaxue deucmem, eupancenm nuu,a unu ncecmu , xaKOU mon eonoca naw,e eceeo accou uupywmcn c coomeemcmeywu uMU t enHocmnMu u HamepeumMU ? Kaxue OMOU,UU Hatu,e eceeo ucnumu oawm unu eupancawm nwdu, ncueyw,ue e coomeemcmeuu c omuMU u,eHHOcmnMU ? Kaxou xanan eupancenm 3MOU,UU meno, nuu,o unu npuxocHoeenm, — no eauieMy Mnenuw , Moncem 6bimb nau6onee penpe3eHmamu6 HbiM e dannou cumyau,uu? S CnpocMTe: Ecmb nu cpedu npedcmaenennux npuMepoe maxue u,en Hocmu unu namepeHun, xomopue MOMHO 6 bipa3umb cnoeaMU , a ne nocmynxaMU ? Ecnu da , mo nmo 3mo moncem 03 Hanamb? Kax UMenno moeda OHU eupancawmcn? S CnpocMTe: Ecmb nu cpedu npedcmaenennux npuMepoe maxue, xomo pbie 6 bi ne xomenu 6bi omxpbimo eupancamb neped dpyeuMu nwdbuu? Hmo omo no3eonnem nomrnb? s CnpocMTe: Ecmb nu cpedu npueedennux npumepoe maxue, xomopue eaM onenb ne npaenmcn unu xomopue eu cnumaeme aMOpanbnuuu? Kax 3 mo Moncem earn noMOHb nymue nonnmb ce6x? Kax eatua peaxu,un Ha 3mu xoHxpemnue u,enu Moncem noenunmb na eaiuu omHovuenun c oxpywawuijUMu unu eatue noeedenue? S CnpocMTe:

^

^

)

^

—

ypcw 10. Mcno/ib30 BaHne couna/ibHbix cnrHa/iOB AJIH >KM 3HM .. . 343

.

enje 6onbiue Bbi 6 epwTe cnynaMHbiM o6 pa 30M Hecxonbxo npMMepoB M3 cnMCKa ijeHHOCTeii M HaMepeHMM B pa3AaTOHHbix MaTepManax, KOTopwe He Ha 3Ban HMKTO M3 ynacTHMKOB. Hame Bcero STO IJCHHOCTM, xo-

IIoBecenMTecb

TK . IIonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB npoBecTM MecaMOMccneAOBaHMH B TOM ai ynae, earn STM ijeiiM Bbi3biBaiOT y HMX CMTibHoe HenpMHTMe M /IM ocy>KAeHMe. HeMy, BO3MO>XHO, CTOMT HayHMTbCfl B 3TOM cnynae?

Topbie He MMeiOT OTHomeHMB K AMTaijMio

A Tenepb BepHeMCH K HasbixaM TM6KMM pa3yM HMCT”!

IIocAe o 6 meHMH C Mcnonb3yMTe MA ^ o6yneHMH.

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• IIonpociiTe

^

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352 f /iaBa 5.11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

.

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• 3anacnTecb

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—

^

^

^

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—

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—

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• •

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^

• OnpeflenMTe

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^

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^

^

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ypoK 10. Mcno/ib30BaHne couna/ibHbix cuma /iOB

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^

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.

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^

^

^

^

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pa

^

M

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noBefleHMa.

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M npMHMMaTb

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356 DiaBa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

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BOMy.

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^

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IIpOHBnHTb IIOHTMTenbHOCTb. Hacna >KAaTbCH TeKynjMM MOMCHTOM. IlnaHMpoBaTb.

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.

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^

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^

358 HnaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

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^

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^

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Kaxan I CHHOCTB BO

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^

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MoryT

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^

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.

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^

^

^

^

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^

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^

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^

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^

ypoK 10. Mcno/ib30BaHne couna/ibHbix cnma/iOB AJIH >KM 3HM . . . 361

3MOIJMH, CBH3aHHbie C BbDKMBaHPieM, BbipancaiOTCH npu HOMOWjU nuu,a ( K HMM OTHOCBTOI raeB, OTBpameHMe, CTpax, yflOBO/ibCTBMe, cnaCTbe M rpycTb). 3MOIJMM, CBH3aHHbie C 6nM30CTbK), Bbipa^CaiOTCH npu HOMOWjU npuKOCHoeenuu ( HanpiiMep, nio6 oBb, CHMnaran, cocTpa aHMe M conyBCTBMe ) .

^

Bo BpeMH o6 meHMH 1/1 3(J) cJ) eKTPiBHO Bbipa^caTb CBOM SMOIJJIM BeTCTByioiiiiMe HeBep 6a /ibHbie cMraanw.

M nyBCTBa, Mcnojib3ya COOT

-

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^

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^

meno, nux o vum

^

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^

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^

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^

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i eHHOCTbio

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Bbipa^caTb flpyrMe IJCHHOCTM M HaMepeHwa. Onuiuume,

K a m e UMenno .

362 ftiaBa 5. flnaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

IIocAe o6 meHMH C Mcno/ib3yiiTe CaMOnccneflOBaHMe PI Rjin o6yHeHMH.

A /IH

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OTMeTbTe HaBbiKM , KOTopwe BW npaKTMKOBanM Ha BTOM HEJJEJIE.

BpaTb Ha ce6n oTBeTCTBeHHocTb 3a CBOH) 3MoijMOHa;ibHyio peaKijHio , He O 6 BMHHH Apyrwx .

Me HTai Mio caMOMecne oBaHMH AJIJI M 3yHeHMn co6OlltylljeHMM M 3aiIMCbIBaTb CBOH Ha6niOfleHIlfl B HeBHMK CaMOMccneflOBaHMH . 3anmuume eonpocu dnx caMouccnedoeanm, Komopbie no-

Mcnonb30BaTb

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paflOCTbK) npMHMMaTb pa3HOo 6pa 3 Me , CM aHMH M npeACTaB/ieHMH o TOM , KaK AOJDKHM BCCTM

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^

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nau6onee none3 Huuu npu onpedenenuu codcmeeHUbix epanuu,.

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l

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eHMTb CBOM JIMHHMM CTMJib caMOBbipaHceHMH, He cHMTaa

. PaflOBaTbca ycnemHOMy caMOBbipaxceHMio. 3anumume,

ero

HaMTiyn

-

UIMM

KaK

eu ce6x na-

epaMdanu 3a amo.

flpyrne HaBbiKM , KOTopwe npMMeHiuiMCb Ha 3TOM Helene.

T TpeHnpyiiTecb OTKpbiTO Bbipa>KaTb SMOIJMM M nyBCTBa BHOBB M BHOBB. OTMeTbTe HaBbiKM, KOTopwe BW npaKTMKOBajiM Ha 3TOM Helene.

AaTb ce6e o6eui;aHMe TpeHMpoBaTb OTKpbiToe caMOBbipaxceHne BHOBb M

.

BHOBb

IIOMHMTb, HTO OffHOKpaTHOe ( MJIM BCCTO HeCKOTIbKO pa3) npOHBJieHMe OTKpbiTocTM M yH3BMMOCTM c MoeM CTopoHbi MOXCCT He npMBecTM K aHano-

YpoK 10. Mcno/ib30BaHne couna /ibHbix cnma /iOB ann >KM3HM...

363

rMMHOMy npOHBJieHMK) OTKpbITOCTM M yfl3BMMOCTM CO CTOpOHbl flpyroro

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^

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McxaTb B03M0HCH0CTM paCIHMpflTb CBOM rpaHMIJbl.

3aimuiMTe, HTO BW cfte/ia /m wm nnamipyeTe c

^

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enaTb

ypoK 11

06yneHMe 0 C 03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 1 MuuiMHue npu zunepKonmpone —

nPMMEHAHHE flJlfl TPEHEPA. YpoK 11 nepBbiw M 3 MeTbipex ypoKOB 0C03HaHH 0CTi/i B PO. CeroflHBiuHMM ypoK (MacTb 1 ) 6yAeT nocBBineH npi/iBbNHbiM (J> opMaM MbiwneHMfl npu npo6/ieMax c I K, T.e. cpuKcupoeaHHOMy,eudKOMy M cpamanucmu^ HOMy MbiaineHUK). B nacTM 2 (ypoK 12) pacKpbiBaioTCfl HaBbiKu oco3HaHHocTM "HTO": onriKpbimoe HQ6JHO"

deHue, uHmeepcuibHoe onucoHue M npoKmuKQ He3annaHupoeaHHOu denmenbHoemu. B Macmx 3 M 4 npoBOflUTCB o6yMeHne MeTbipeM HaBbiKaM oco3HaHHOCTH "KaK" T.e. OTHoujeHmo M/in Mema /ibHOMy HacipoK), Heo6xoflMMOMy AJIB npuMeHeHMB Ha npaKTMKe HaBbiKOB "HTO". B nacn/i 3 (ypoK 13) npoBOAHTca oGyneHne nepBOMy m neTbipex npu noMomu caMOuccnedoeaHun. B Haem 4 (ypoK 14) npoBOAMTCH HaBbiKOB "KaK" o6yHeHMe ocranbHbiM TpeM HaBbiKaM: npu noMomu oco3HaHUfi pe3Kux cywdeHuu, npu noMomu odH 03adcMHOcmu v\ DcpcpeKmueHo u co CMupeHueM . HeTbipe Mac o6yHeHna 0C03HaHH0CTM B PO nOBTOpflIOTCfl AcM e npu npOXO>KAeHMM TpeHHHra HaBbiKOB PO, M ^ B pe3y bTaTe KOHqenLjMH oco3HaHHOcm nocBameHO 8 M 3 30 3aHHTMM. ^

—

OcHOBHbie noAOJKeHMa ypoiKe M3BecTHbi. 3aK0CTeHenoe MbimneHMe xapaKTepHo RTIX KanMTaHa Tumanwca, KOTopbiM, HeB3Mpan 2. 3TO

cocTOHHMe

MTIM KoppeKTMpyiomeM

^

^

Ha noBTOpmoiipiecfl npeAynpe>KAeHMH , HacTaMBaeT Ha CBOCM: “ IIonHbiM BnepeA, M 6yAb npoKTiHTbi aMc6epm!”

—

5. OaTanucTMHHoe MbimneHMe OTO MMCTIM O TOM, HTO B nepeMeHax HeT He O 6XOAMMOCTM , noTOMy HTO BbixoAa HeT. OaTanMCTMHHoe MbimneHMe xa -

ypoK 11. 06yHeHne oco3HaHHOdn : nacTb 1 365 paKTepHo RJIR KamiTaHa TumanuKa, KOTopbiM nocne KpymeHMH c6 eraeT B CBOK) KaiOTy, 3anMpaeTCH M OTKa 3biBaeTcn noMOHb naccamipaM noKMHyTb Kopa6nb.

6. ftrficoe MbimneHMe npeflCTaBTifleT CO 6 OM 6o/iee OTKpbiToe , BoenpMMMHM Boe M a anTPiBHoe cocTO Hwe yMa . OHO xapaicrepHO fl /in KanMTaHa xopa ^ 6nn, KOTOpbIM MO)KeT OTKa3aTbCH OT npeflblflymMX n/iaHOB M M 3MeHMTb Kypc mill CHM3MTb CKopocTb npn noHBTieHMM anc 6epra Ha ropM 30HTe. Ho npw 3TOM OH He 6pocaeT Kopa6/ib M He pa3BopaHMBaeTC>i Ha3afl npw nep-

^

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npM 3 Haicax onacHOCTM .

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi Pa3flaTOHHbiii MaTepMa /i 11.1, “ Mbim /ieHMe npn rMnepKOHTpo /ie” Pa3AaTOHHbiw MaTepwan 11.2, “ OTHOCMTecb no - ,qo6poMy K 3aKocreHe/iOMy MbIHITieHMK)”

Pa3flaTOHHbm MbimneHMH ”

MaTepwan 11.3, “ Ynwiecb

npw noMomM (JjaTa /mcTMHHoro

(flononHMTenbHo) Pa3,qaTOHHbiit MaTepwan 11.4, “ OcHOBHbie nono ceHMH ^ ypoKa 11. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 1. MbimneHMe npw rwnepKOH Tpone”

11.A, “ OTHOCMTecb no -Ao6 poMy Henoro Mbim/ieHMfl ”

Pa6oHMM

HMCT

K npoHB/ieHMHM 3aK0CTe

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Pa6oHMM TIMCT ll.E, “ JlflMTe Hanepexop (J) aTa /mcTMHHOMy Mbim/ieHMio” MenoBan flocKa M Men MTIM MapxepHafl flocxa M MapKepbi

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHne odyneHUfl 06 yneHue omKpumocmu co6cm6 eHHou 3aKpumocmu npefffloaaiTe ynacTHMKaM 03HaK0MHTbCH c pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTepnanoM 11.1, wMbmijieHne npM rMnepKOHTpone”

.

nPUMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA Pa 3HOBHflHOCTM flew

Mbuu/ieHHH, xapaKTepHbie

CO CKJlOHHOCTbK) K Mpe3MepHOMy KOHTpO/lK), M 3BeCTHbl

KOCTeHe/ioe MbiuuieHue" ( MJIM

-

AJIB n\o

Ha 3BaHMBMH "3a -

nOfl pa 3yM ) n "(f)aTajiMCTMHHoe MbiuuieHMe" ( win pa 3yM )

M

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-

366 fnaBa 5. ri /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

•

npodneMamuHHoe Mbiuineuue y modeu co acnouHoembw K FK nau e ecezo npoxenxemcx e nostnx unu Henounmubix cumyat uxx nu6o npu 603 HUK uooeuuu cnoxcuocmeu, KpumuKU co cmopoHM , a manatee nozda K amoMy nenooeny npunoeano eceoSu ee oHUManue • Mx npo6neMamuHHOcm\> 3aKmonaemcx e moM , nmo nododuoe cocmoxHuepa3yMa 6noKupyem 603Moxcuocmb o6ynambcx uoeoMy u uoxcem ompuu,amem>Ho CKa3bioambcx ua MexcnuHHocmHmx omuotueHuxx. • 3aKpt>imt iu pa3yM — amo nonmu ecezda uanyzaHHbiu pa3yM . S Cnpocme: HeMy x 6owcb naynumbcx unu om nezo x 6otocb omKa3ambcx, ecnu 6ydy necKonbKO 6onee omKpbimbiM ? flpomue nezo nanpaenena MOX 3aw,uma? HeMy 6bi Mne, 603M 0MH 0, cnedoeano naynumbcx? • 3aKpt>imocmt9 pa3yMa Moxcem ooumu e npuowHKy. OTKpoiiTe pa6oHMM 7IMCT 7. B, “ riOMCK npMBbIHHbIX CIIOC060B COB/ia aHM ” HanpMMep, MHflM^ BMfl MO>KeT HayHMTbCH CIIpaBTIHTbCH C HenpMflTHOM o 6paTHOM CBfl3bK), flejiax BMA, HTO He CTibiniMT ee ( noAKpennneTCH, Kor a Apyron nenoBeK nepe CTaeT roBopMTb noflo6Hbie BOAM ) , KOMny/ibCMBHo McnpaB/um He,n;ocTaTKM M /IM KOHTpo/iMpyH ( noAKpennneTCfl, Kor a Bbi6paHHoe pemeHMe pa6oTaeT ) MTIM nonHOCTbio oTCTpaHHHCb M CHMMaH c ce6 x OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb ( noAKpe TiiixtTcx , Kor a Apyrow nenoBeic 6epeT Ha ce6 x OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb B 3TOM CMTYAI MH ). • Bepoxmuo, uau6onee mununuax peaKt ux npu cmomcHoeeuuu co cnoxcueuednenHoe omput aHue, npeHedpexceuue nocmxMU dnx modeu c TK unu ocnapuoauue uenpuxmuou odpamuou cox3u. 3TO noMoraeT cHM3MTb TpeBO)KHOCTb, HO He yCTpaHHCT pa3MbIHI 7ieHMH O TOM, HTO MO>KHO 6 bI7IO MCn 0/Ib30 BaTb 3Ty CMTyaU, MK) M 3Ty o 6 paTHyiO CBH3b RJIX o6yneHMH. IIoAo6Hoe cocTOHHMe B PO A ITT Ha 3MBaeTCfl 3aKocTeHe/ibiM pa3yMOM.

.

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( 06^3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHMe o6yneHMH Hmo maKoe 3aKocmeneAuu pa3 yn • 3aKOcmeuenoe Mbiiuneuue xapanmepuo dnx Kanumaua TumauuKa, KOmopbiUy uee3upax ua npedynpexcdeuux, uacmaueaem: “Flonumu eneped , •

u 6ydb npOKnxmw ece auc6epzu!” 3aK0CTeHenbm pa3yM roBopMT: B U 3Me uenuxx Hem neo6xoduMocmu, nomouy nmo xynce ece 3 naw . Eonbtuuucmeo U 3 uac ue xcenaem npmuaeamb cyt ecmeooauue 3UKO cmeuenozo Mbiuineuux unu omput aem ezo cyu ecmooeauue . HacTO MM AA>Ke He oco3HaeM Te MOMCHTM, Kor a A^ MCTByeM M3 COCTOHHMH 3aKOCTeHe oro pa3yMa. Ba CHO HayHMTbcn oco3HaBaTb 3TM MOMCHTM , noTOMy HTO ^ ^

^

^

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ypoK 11. OSyneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTn : nacib 1 367 OHM HeraTMBHO BTIMHIOT Ha Ham Bbi6op, CTeneHb

oco3HaHHocTM M cnoco6-

6

HOCTb CnOHTaHHO pearMpOBaTb MTIM yHMTbCH Ha Co cTBeHHOM OnbITe.

flPI/lMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. TpeHepy c/ieflyeT o6 paTMTb BHUMaHMe ynacTHi/iKOB He HHOrfla CBOMCTBeHHO 3aK0CTeHe/10e MbllLI/ieHMe, HO H Ha TO, HTO Mbi noflflaeMCB eMy HaMHoro name, HeM HaM xoTe/iocb 6 bi B BTOM npn 3HaBaTbCfl. CoCTOBHMe 3aK0CTeHe/10 r0 pa 3yMa MO>KeT OCO60 aKTHBHO npOflBJlflTbCfl B OTHOLLieHHH Toro, HTO HaM BOBce He ceoucmeeHHO 3aKocreHejioe Mbnu /ieHHe, H /IM y 6e>KfleHHOCTH B TOM, HTO ero He cymecTByeT BOBce. TpeHepy Heo6xoflMMo noflroTOBHTb npnMepbi TO/lbKO Ha TO, MTO BCeM HaM

3aK0CTeHeJ10 r0 MbllllJieHHfl M 3 C06CTBeHH 0 M >KM 3HM M

6 blTb TOTOBblM nOfle/lHTbCB MMM

ynacTHHKaMH TpeHHHra. C/ieflyeT o6 paTMTb BHi/iMaHHe Ha TO, HTO 3aKOCTeHe/ioe M MbiujjieHMe He BBBBKDTCB npo6/ieMOM caMM no ce6e, KaK pa 3 Hao6oMKCnpoBaHHoe > 6xoflMMa TBepflaa no3ML4 MB ( HanpnMep, co/iflaTy Ha none GMTBW HeHeo poT MHorfla 06x0flMM0 pnmflHO nOflHMHBTbCB npMKa 3aM paflH Toro, HTo6 bl Bbl>KMTb ) MJ1M nO/lHblM OTK33 OT CaMOKOHTpOJIB ( HanpHMep, KpHK, HT06 bl OCT3 HOBHTb rpa 6MTe/lfl ) C/10>KHOCTM B03HHKaioTTorfla, Korfla 3aKpbiT0CTb H c/ieflOBaHne npaBH /iaM H / H /IH naccHBHocTb pe3KI4 HH npOBB/lBKDTCB 6e3flyMHO, a HeraTHBHbie nOC /ieflCTBHB HmopnpyiOTCB

c

4

—

.

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•

PeuKi un npu 3aKocmenenoM Mbiiunemiu 6a3upyemcn ua npaeunax unu npoiunoM oribime; Kpumuna, cnoncuoie 3adanu u sonpocvi unu odpamuan C6H3V Moeym 6 t>i3t>i6 amt> aepeccuw unu ncenauue yumu CpeflM peaiojMM MoryT BCTpenaTbCH 6 biCTpbie o6'bflCHeHM >i, caMOonpaB aHMe MTIM ocy >Kfle HMe co6 cTBeHHoro noBefleHMH MTIM arpeccMBHan 3anjMTa npn noMomM BO -

^

.

^

npOCOB MTIM KpMTMKM TOHKM 3peHMH flpyrOTO HeTIOBeKa.

•

3aKocmenenoe Muumeuue Moncem uaopedumi? omuouieHunMy nomomy nmo 6 3tnoM cocmoHHuu MM Meuee cnnoHUbi npunuMamv so OHUMauue moHKy 3 peuun dpyeoeo nenoseKa . 06MHHO noflo6Hoe COCTOHHMC conpoBOKflaeTCH TenecHbiM Hanp/DKeHMeM, (J/ pycTpaijMeM M omyifleHMeM flaBneHMB. OHO BKinonaeT flo6poBOTibHbiM OTKa3 OT M 3yneHMH co6 cTBeHHbix y6e>KAeHMM, BepoBaHMM M omymeHMM. C 3aKOCTeHenbiM pa3yMOM accoijM MpyiOTCH TaKMe SMOIJMOHaUbHbie COCTOHHMH, KaK BbICOKOMepMe, ropAbl Hfl , CaMOyBepeHHOCTb, CaMOflOBOTIbCTBO, 03TK) 6lieHHOCTb, Bpa >KAe6HOCTb M ynp MCTBO. C 3aKOCTeHenbiM pa3yMOM accoijMMpyioTCH cneflyiomMe ^ nocTynKM M no6y>KfleHMH K fleMCTBMio: AOMMHMpoBaHMe, OTpMi aHMe, OT-

6noKMpoBaHMe

^

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KpoBeHHoe

MTIM

^

co6cTBeHHan no3MijMfl MTIM o6 paTHafl CBH3b, KOTOpyiO Mbi He XOTMM npM3HaBaTb , COAep CMT KpynMI y MCTMHbl , HO ^ HaM MO>KeT 6 bITb CTblAHO MTIM CTpaiHHO B 3TOM npM3HaTbCH .

TieHMH 3aKOCTeHenoro MbimneHMH , noTOMy HTO

MHeHMe Ka>KeTCH HaM npaBMTIbHbIM MTIM Mbi BTaMHe 3HaeM , HTO

^

368 f/iaBa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

•

3aKOcmeHenoe MMUtnenue noucem Ka3ambcx 3aw,umHou 6 poneu . OHO no3BonneT M36eraTb 6 OJIM M omymeHMH HeonpefleneHHOCTM, co6cTBeHHbix OHIM6 OK M HeKOMneTeHTHOCTM, OTpmjan Bee TO, HTO Bbi3biBaeT MCKOM ( )opT. K co caneHMio, 3Ta 6 poHH nacTO Taioice OTropa>KMBaeT OT Hac HOByio J ^ MH (J)OpMaij;MIO, M , TaKMM o6 pa30M , MbI OKa3bIBaeMCB 3aCTpHBIHMMM B CTa pwx noBe eHHecKMX naTTepHax, KOTopwe B HacTOHiijeM MoryT y>Ke He 6biTb (| )( ) eKTMBHbiMM, Kax paHee. TaKMMPi )Ke 3 |

^

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( /\onoAHMTeAbHo ) Bonpocw AAH o6cyjKAeHMH 9 ZOU 3M Tlpedcmaebme, nmo eac odeunxwm 6 aeou3 Me. KaKou MO ncem 6bimb eatua peaKU,ux? Bydem nu ona 3aeucemb om mozo, Kmo amo cdenan? Tenepb npedcmaebme, nmo amo eu oBeumeme Kozo- mo e azou3ueu 6 omeem nonynaeme neMednennoe 603Myw,emie unu znee. OieayeT yKa3aTb Ha TO, HTO ecTb flBa BO3MOHCHWX cnoco 6a MHTepnpeTMposaTb npMseAeHHbiM Bbirne cijeHapMM n oimcaHHyio peaKijuio: 1) raeB BnonHe o6ocHOBaH; Bac HenpaBMnbHO MH (J) opMMpoBa7iM , M RJIX o6 BMHHeMoro Ba>KHO He Mepjiemio ce6 x onpaB aTb, noTOMy HTO ero Heo6ocHOBaHHo O6 BMMMXM ; 2 ) STOT ^ HENOBEX fleMCTBMTe/ibHO nacTO BefleT ce 6n srowcTMHHO, HO eMy 6 biBaeT CTIO>KHO S CnpocnTe:

M7IM CTpaiHHO 3TO npM3HaTb .

BocnoHb3yMTecb oieflyiomMMJi nonoxceHHHMH o6cyHc eHPie B HyacHoe pycno.

BHTb

•

-

jyra TOTO, HTO6 M Hanpa

^

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Hpaeumcx HUM amo unu Hem, ece MM UHOzda npoxenxeM azou3M Bonee mozo, npoxoneHux azou3Ma epeMH om epeMeHU xenxwmcx npU 3 HUKOM ncuxunecicozo 3dop06 t>x ( HanpwMep, He OTBenaTb Ha 3BOHOK B cy66oTy nocne o6 e#a, HTo6 bi MMeTb B03MO>KHOCTb HeMHoro no peMaTb). OiejjyeT eHMH. nocTpOMTb fla /ibHewmee o6cy >Kp;eHMe BOKpyr STOTO yTBep HeMedneuHoe omput aHue o6pamuou cex3u Momem 6noKupoeamv 603MOMHoemtj y3 Hamt> nmo-mo Hoeoe unu petuumtj npodneMy Hanpmviep, npn noMomn caMOMecneAOBaHMH x Mory noHHTb, HTO HanMBaTb ce6e BO W, STO npoHBneHwe 3ron 3Ma, MTHopMpyH nycToii CTaxaH Moero napraepa HO 6e3 TOTOBHOCTM npM3HaTb B03MO KHOCTb STOMCTMHHoro noBe eHMa c ^ Moeii CTopoHbi x ynycxaio B03M0>KH0CTb npoaBMTb 3a6oTy o CBoeM napTHepe, a STO Ba CHo p; nx M C H X M / M JIM cooTBeTCTByeT MOMM IJCHHOCTHM. ^ AemoMamunecKoe npoxenenue zneoa u ompuu,ciHue o6pamHou cox3u MO mem 6wmt> noneneuueM 3aKocmeHenozo pa3yMa BMCCTO TOTO HTO6M HeMeflneHHo o 6BMHHTb flpyriix, BHanane MO>KHO nonpo6oBaTb noHHTb, neMy

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•

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MO CHO HayHMTbCH B 3TOM CMTyaiJMM

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.

YpoK 11. 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacib 1 369

(06fl3 aTeAbHo) npaKTunecKoe ynpa^HeHMe IIOUCK 3aKOcmeneAozo pa3 yna 6 ce6e nPWVIEHAHMEflJlfl TPEHEPA. npuBefleHHbie HM>Ke Bonpocbi c /ieflyeT ncno/ib30BaTb fl/iB oGcy^fleHMB M B KanecTBe BcnoMoraie/ibHoro cpeflCTBa noncKa ynacTHUKaMM co6cTBeHHbix npoBB/ieHUM 3aKOCTeHenoro Mbiw /ieHUB. fl/ia 6 ojibLijei/i HamflflHOCTM

c /ieflyeT npuBecTM o63op no KawflOMy Bonpocy, ncno/ib3yfl npuMepbi yHacTHMKOB, a Taxme npuMepbi m co6cTBeHHOi/i >KM3HM. HanoMHHai/ue ynacTHuxaM, HTO BBHbie M ycTOMMUBbie npeflnoMTeHUB He o6fl 3aie/ibHO BB^ BJOTCB npoBB/ieHUBMM 3aKocreHenoro pa 3yMa. KoMy-TO MoweT npodo He HpaBi/iTbCB BKyc flOMawHero cbipa. Ho CTOMT CKa3aTb; HTO npaKTMKa PO noflpa 3yMeBaeT roTOBHOCTb nepenpoBepmb CBOH npeflnoHTeHUH (n36 eraHne flOMamHero cbipa) c yneTOM MeHBiomMxcfl o6cTOHTejibCTB.

•

Bu HUKoeda ne 3 aMenajiu, nmo mo, o neM eu He ncenaeme dance cnu uiamb, nacmo Honnemcx uMenno mem, nmo eu donotue ecezo He xomu me MeHHmo ? S CnpocwTe: Hmo 6 npotunoM 6nu3 Kue npednaeanu eau U3Menumb, no 6 bi 3 moMy npomueunucb? He naxodunu nu eu, nmo eu aemouamu necKU uu eme od ncueum, 3 aw,uw,aemecb mu o6ecutenu6 aeme cnoea ^ dpyeux? Peaeupyeme nu eu neMednenno s nodo6nux o6cmonmenbcmeax? Moncem nu 0 Ka3 ambcn, nmo ama o6pamnan cex3 b none3 na, HO 6 BL npocmo ne Menaeme 06 amoM cnumamb? Ec/m Bbi oTBenaeTe yTBepflMTenbHO no KpanHen Mepe Ha HeKOTopbie M3 STMX BonpocoB, BnonHe BO3MO)KHO, HTO BW paccMaTpMBaeTe 3TM npo 6neMbi c no3M-

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LJMM 3aKOCTeHenoro pa3yMa. Hacmo 3 aKocmeHenoe Muiunenue — amo eoece ne mo, neM MU zopduM CH u nmo c zomooHocmvw npu3 HaeM 3 a co6ou.

• MnHn-ynpaflCHeime. nonpocme ynacraMKOB 3anncaTb Ha /mere 6yMarn B CTO/I6MK KanecTBa, KOTOPHMM OHM MoryT ce6n oxapaKTepM3o-

(HanpMMep, BflyMHMBOCTb, onpefleneHHOCTb, MHTe/i/mreHTHOCTb, . 3aTeM nonpocMTe MX HanMcaTb HanpoTMB Ka^cflOM xapaKTepMCTMKM B OIMCKe ee npOTMBOnO/IO>KHOCTb, no B03MO>KHOCTH, He 3aAyMbiBancb. 3aTeM nonpocMTe ynacraMKOB M3yHMTb 3anncaHHbie napw xapaKTepMCTMK n o6paTMTb BHMMaHMe Ha TO, HacKo/ibKo MM HenpMHTHa XapaKTepMCTMKa - npOTMBOnO/IO>KHOCTb M / M /IM HaCKO/IbKO 6bino 6bi CTpaniHO M /IM yacacHO o6Hapy>KMTb 3TM KanecTBa B ce6e.

BaTb

3a6oTHMBOCTb )

370 F/iaea 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

CKanoiTe; Hanpuftiep, ecnu Ktno- mo onucueaem ce6n KCIK 3a6omnueoeo nenoeexa u npomueonononcnocmbw omoMy nennemcn 320 nenmo coeeptuenno yncacnoe, nacKonbKo, no eatuemy MneU 3M HUW , amorn nenoeex 6ydem omxpumuM o6pamnou cex3u, e xomopou eucxa3ueaemcn npednononcenue, nmo on noeen ce6x 32oucmunno? M ece- maxu ece MU xomx 6u unozda eedeM ce6x azoucmunno. KpoMe mozo, nponenenm 320U 3Ma uozym dumb CHOCO6OM coxpanumb ceoe ncuxonoeunecxoe 3dopoebe, nanpuMep xozda neodxoduM omdux, dmi nonynenm 3acnyncenno20 unu dnx eo3 Ha2pancdenm ce6x 3a mnnce nyw padomy. K moMy nee pueudnan npueepncennocmb moMy, nmo neodxoduMo eceeda 3a6omumbcx o 6nuncnux, cnuncaem eeponmnocmb mozo, nmo nenoeex CMoncem u3Menumb ceoe noeedenue u ncumb e coomeemcmeuu c co6cmeennuMU i ennocmnMU , nomoMy nmo omxa3bieaemcK npunuMamb eo enuManue nw6ue npednononcenm o moM , nmo dpyeuM modxM ezo noeedenue Mozno noxa3ambcx 3zoucmmnuM . M36eeanue o6pamnou cen3u Moncem 6umb npmnaxoM 3axocmenenoeo pa3yMa. TpeHepy cne yeT HanoMHMTb ynacTHMKaM, HTO OTKpw TOCTb o6paTHOM CBH3M BOBCe He 03HaHaeT Heo6xOflMMOCTM aBTOMaTMHecKM comamaTbCH c Hen. O npHHaran M OTKnoHeHMM o6paTHOM CBH3M peHb MfleT B pa3flaTOHHOM MaTepnaTie 22.1, “OTKpbITOCTb 06paTHOM CBH3M. IM6KMM pa3yM AflAnTMpyeTCfl”. Mnozda MM nezKO 3aMenaeM e dpyzux uMenno mo, nmo HUM cnedoeano 6M u3MeHumb e ce6e . To, HTO HaM He HpaBMTCH B oKpy^caiomMx, MO>xeT cny)KMTb npeAynpe^cfleHMeM o Tex ccj)epax, B KOTopbix MW MeHee oTKpw TH M B KOTopbix MO)KeT B03HMKaTb cocTOHHue 3aKocTeHenoro pa3yMa B OTBeT Ha KpMTMHeCKyiO o6 paTHyiO CBH3 b. S CnpocMTe: Kaxue xanecmea e dpy2ux nwdnx pa3dpancawm eac 6onbuue ecezo? Kaxue xanecmea xancymcn nenpmmnuMU , eu3ueawvu,UMU concanenm unu dance neeunocuMUMU ? Hanpuuep, eo3Moncno, eu nenaeudume nwdeu, xomopue Mozym Memmb ceoe unenue? Cnumaeme nu eu Henodo6awtu,UM dnn nenoeeKa eecmu ce6n ne max xax o6unno? Bac xozda-nu6o pa3dpancanu caMoyeepennue nwdu? Ilumaeme nu eu omepaw,enue K meu, xmo Manunynupyem oxpyncawu UMu? Kancymcn nu eaM neeunocuMUMU nwdu, xomopue eedym ce6n eucoxoMepno no omnomenuw K oxpyncaww,UM ? Ocyncdaemenu eu mex, xmo neenuMamenb HO cnytuaem oxpyncawu ux? Cnumaeme nu eu Mopanbno nedonycmuMUM denamb nmo- mo e cnetuxe, UMnynbcueno unu 6e3 3adneu Mbicnu?

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ypoK 11. 06 yHeHne 0C03HaHH 0CTM : nacTb 1 371

npoBe MTe caMOMccne osaHne: Hmo npouaoudem, earn eu nped cmaeume, nmo eu eedeme ce6x monno max? Moncem nu oxa3ambcx, nmo eu denanu nenmo nododnoe mouy, 3 a nmo ocyncdaeme oxpyncaww,ux? Hmo dmo uoncem 03 Hanamb? Hmo amo eoeopum earn o eamux nuHHbix xanecmeax? HeMy eau , 603MOMHO , cnedoeano 6u naynumbcx? B KUKUX cfiepax earn oco6eHno mpydHo xomx dm na Kaxoe - mo epe MH omKa3amhCH om co6cnt 6 eHnmx ydencdeHuu u paccMompemb dpy eue moHKu 3penuHf BO3MO>KHO, BW flyMaeie: “ EcTb npaBM /ibHbiM M He npaBMTibHbiii cnoco6 flenaTb HTO-TIM 6 O , “ KoMmiMMeHTbi STO no>Kb M MAHMNY;iflijMfl” MTIM “ HwKOMy HM o Koro HeT \j eiia ”. ECTIM npM O,IJHOM TOTIBKO MbICTIM O TOM , HTO 3TO MO>KeT 6 bITb He TaK , y BaC B 03HMKai0T Ha npn ^CeHMe M CTpeCC, 3TO HBTIHeTCH IipM3HaKOM BbICOKOM BepOflTHOCTM S

•

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3aKOCTeHenoro Mbim/ieHMH B STOM aiynae

S npoBe

caMOMccneflOBaHMe: Hmo

amo

earn o unane unu dyuamb MOK npueepMennocmb codcmeennou monxe 3 penux? Kaxoea eepoxm Hocmb moeOy nmo amo cdenaem meux Menee omxpumuM odpamnou C&K3U unu noeou uwfiopMau,uu 06 amou o6nacmu unu amux e3enxdax? Kaxue npodneubi e Moeu OKU 3 HU Moeym 6bimb cex3anu c pueudnocmbw ydexcdenuu? Hemy Mne cnedyem naynumbcx? • 3aMenanu nu em xoeda - Hudydb, nmo cunbuee eceeo nac 3nxm uMeHHO me odnacmu, 6 Komopmx HCUUU ydexcdeuux naudonee pueudum? 3/iocTb MHorfla MO>KeT noMemaTb oco3HaTb TO, HeMy C7ie,n,OBa;io 6 bi HayHMTbcn MTIM HTO CTieftOBaTIO 6 bl M3MeHMTb. S CnpocMTe: Kaxuey eac “donbuue uecma”? Kaxue cnoea oxpyxcawwjux npoeoUyUpywm y eac cnee? O new eu nocmoxuno dyuaeme? Kax eoeo pumcx e cmapou noeoeopxey “Tlpaeda zna3a xonem”. Kaxax mean UH (fiopMaUyUX ebi3bieaem y eac enee u npenxmcmeyem odyneuuw noeouy? IIoompHMTe ynacTHMKOB 3aimcbiBaTb Bonpocw, Koxopwe noKa3anncb MM HaM6ojiee nojie3HbiMM .IJJIH onpep.eneHMfl 3aKocTeHenoro pa3yMa B ce6e, M Mcno /ib30BaTb MX B KanecTBe HanoMMHaHMH o “6onbHbix MecTax”. eac

MTe

^

caMux?

Hmo

Moncem CKa3amb

Moncem 03 Hanamb MOU omKa3

OKOHHMTC ynpa^CHeHMe

HanoMMHaHMeM

o

TOM , HTO

CMjibHbie

npe no-

^

HTeHMH He HBJIHIOTCH npM 3HaKOM 3aKOCTeHenoro MbimneHMH. MHor a BKyc flOManiHero cwpa Mo ceT 6 biTb npocTO HenpMHTeH M. Bee yxe npaKTMKa

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.

^

PO npeflnonaraeT roTOBHOCTb nepecMOTpeTb CBOM npeflnoHTeHMH ( M36era HMe flOMauiHero cwpa ) npM M3MeHeHMM o 6cTOHTe;ibCTB.

372 f/iaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

( 06a 3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHMe o6yHeHMfl OmHOcumec'b no - do6 pony K 3aKocmeneAony

pa3 ywy

IIpeflTiotfaiTe ynacTHHKaM 03HaK0MMTbCH c pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTepnajiOM 11.2, ocMTecb no-Ao6poMy K 3aicocTeHejiOMy MbmuieHMio” • OmKaMumecb om nonumoK ucnpaeumb ceou 3aKocmeHem)iu pa3yM u nonpodyume omnocumbcx K ce6e c 6om> iueu do6pomou . Hcnom>3 yume onucaHHhie nunce luazu .

wO

fflar 1. CTOJiKHyBiimcb c TpyAHOCTHMM, MmMTe

.

npoHBJieHna 3aKOCTeHenoro

MbimneHMH

•

HanpwMep, Hanpn >KeHMe B Tene, pa3flpa^ceHMe, acenaHMe 3amnmaTbCfl MAM OTPA3MTb aTaKy, MMCTIM O TOM, HTO ApyroM nenoBeK MO>KeT onmBaTbCH.

Ular 2. npM3HaMTe B03M0HCH0CTb HajiPiHMH 3aKOCTeHenoro MbinuieHMH. • Earn BM McnbiTbmaeTe < j)M3MHecKoe Hanpn >KeHMe, BBI, AOTDKHO 6biTb, HanyraHw . Upn cTpaxe MM CKTIOHHM 6opoTbCfl MTIM y6eraTb. 3aKocTeHenbiw pa3yM 3TO Ham “6oeij” M OH CTPEMMTCH Hac 3amMTMTb, HO B TO >Ke BpeMH orpaHMHMBaeT B03M0>KH0CTb flBuraTbCH A^nbme. Mcno/ib3yMTe caMOMc cneflOBaHMe RJIH. yrnyBneHMH oco3HaHHOCTM, Mcnonb3yfl npuMepbi BonpoCOB M3 pa6onero nMCTa ll .A, OTHOCMTECB no- Ao6poMy K npoHBTieHMHM 3aKOCTeHenoro MbiuuieHMfl ”

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.

Ular 3 He nbiTaiiTecb M3MeHMTb 3aKOCTeHejioe MbiiujieHMe; BMCCTO 3Toro 6yABTe K ce6e Ao6pee. • He 6opumect> co CBOUM 3aK0cmeHen\>iM pa3yMOM \ He 3a6 biBaMTe, HTO OH To ce MO>KeT 6 biTb none3HbiM . ByflbTe 6onee OTKpbiTM M Apy>Kenio6HM ^ no OTHomeHMK) K HeMy M BMAe/iMTe BpeMH Ha TO, HTO6BI noHHTb, HTO OH nbiTaeTCH BaM CKa 3aTb. HeB03M0>KH0 npeAyra aTb, neMy BM cMO>KeTe Ha ynMTbCH Bnaroflapfl eMy. IIonMTKM ncnpaBMTb M /IM npoKOHTponnpoBaTb 3aKOCTeHenoe MbimneHMe noAo6Hbi caMOKpMTMKe 3a npe3MepHyio caMOOHM npOCTO He pa6 oTaiOT! KpMTMKy • H3MeHume ncuxonoeuio: cnenca ynbi6 HMTecb M c enaMTe rny6oKMM BAOX, npMnoAHMMMTe 6 poBM M OTKMHbTecb Ha CTy/ie ( CM. pa3Ae;i “ Eo/ibman Tpoii xa + 1” B ypoKe 3). • Hycmb 3aKOcmeHenoe Mbinuietiue cnyxcum HanoMUHanueM o neodxoduMocmu npaKtnuKoeamb caMouccnedoeamie, 3 adaeax ce6e tnaicue eonpo cw, KUK HeMy H Mory HayHMTbCB, MCXOAH M3 3Toro onbna? By bTe OTKpbi -

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^ ^ HaeTe. Hcnonb3yMTe pa3AaTOHHbiM MaTepnan 22.1, “ OTKpbiTocTb

TM TOMy, HTO npOMCXO MT B 3TOT MOMeHT, M nepeCTaHbTe AyMaTb, HTO Bbi

y>Ke Bee 3

ypoK 11. 06yneHne 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 1 373

o6paTHOM CBH 3M. FM 6KMM pa 3yM AflAFITFlpyeTca ” RJIR oijeHKM Toro, CTOMT 71M npMflep CMBaTbCH TeKyiljeM n 03Ml MM M /IM nyMIIie npOHBMTb rn 6 KOCTb ^ (T.e. npMHHTb M /IM OTK /IOHMTb o 6paTHyiO CBH3b ) . l/lcnomj3yume Medumcmuw modameu dodpomm dnn ocnadneHUH xeamnu 3 aKocmeHeji020 pa3yMa, Mo/ina noBTopjm ce 6e: fla npe6ydem c MOUM 3aKocmeHenbiM pa3yMOM cnoKoucmeue, da npe6ydem c MOUM 3aKocmeHenuM pa3yMOM yMUpomeopenue, nycmb c HUM ece 6ydem xopomo. Hdume Hanepenop ceoemy 3aKocmeHenoMy MbnuneHuw u CMeumecv Had codcmeeHHbiMU uedocmamKaMU 3aK 0CTeHe/ibiM pa 3yM OTHOCMTCH K >KM3HM oneHb cepbe3Ho! MccneflOBaHMH noKa 3 biBaiOT, HTO Te, KTO cnoco 6 eH noCMenTbCH Hafl co 6 cTBeHHbiMM c/ia6 ocTHMM M /IM CTpaHHocTHMM , name npe 6biBaiOT B xopomeM pacno/io>KeHMM # yxa, npoHB/uiJOT 6 o/ibiue MIPMBOCTM c OKpy >Kaiou];MMM M 06/iaAaiOT 6o/iee 3flopoBOM caMooijeHKOM. Ilpocmume cede 3aKocmeHenoe Mbiiunenue . IIoMHMTe o TOM, HTO B TOM

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Aa /ieico He Bcerfla STO HB/meTCR npo 6/ieMOM, MHor a Hyrnia TBep ocTb ( HanpMMep, OTKa3 COACMCTBO BaTb rpa6MTe/no MO ceT cnacTM Hbio -To >KM3HB). M /IM MHOM CTeneHM OHO npMcyme BceM M HTO

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nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA HeKOTopbie M3 ynacTHUKOB MoryT 3aMeTMTb, MTO flo6poia M /iK)6oBb K 33 K0CTeHe/i0My pa 3yMy MoryT 03HanaTb ero oflo6peHne. TpeHep ~ MO>KeT yK33aTb, MTO npMMMHa 3TOrO npeflnOBO>KeHMB KpoeTCB B TOM, MTO /lKDflflM c l K Heo6xOflHMO yMMTbCfl c6aB/l«Tb o6opOTbl, HanpMMep OTHOCMTbCfl C JlK)60BbK) K 3aKOCTeHe/iOMy pa3yMy, a He nbiTaTbca cpa 3y we ero McnpaBMTb, MTO MacTO MOweT 6biTb KOMny/lbCMBHblM CTpeMJieHMeM AOCTMMb COBepLUeHCTBa M/IM npM araTb MaKCMMyM yCMJlMM OCHOBHOe n0/10>KeHMe o6yMeHMH — 3TO npM3blB K yMaCTHMKaM npaKTMKO-

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BaTb PO B Te MOMeHTbi, Korfla OHM 3aMeMaK)T 3a CO6OM npoHB/ieHMfl 3aKOCTeHenoro pa3yMa. BoBce He HywHO 6e3flyMH0 comawaTbCfl MJIM oflo6pflTb, 6e3paccyflH0 npMHMMaTb, CflaBaTbCH M /IM 33 HMMaTb (jjaTaJlMCTMHHyK) n03MI4MK). Heo6xOflMMO Ky/lbTM-

BMpOBaTb OTKpbITOCTb HOBOM MH( )OpMaL|MM, OflHOBpeMeHHO C yBa>KeHMeM OTHOCflCb

J

npow /iOMy onbiTy o6yMeHMH. HaKOHeq, TpeHepy c /ieflyeT 6biTb roTOBbiM o6paTMTb BHMMaHMe yMacTHMKOB Ha npeMMymecTBa 3aKocreHejioro pa 3yMa. HanpMMep, omymeHMe Hanpn>KeHMH M conpoTMB/ieHMe, KOTopoe HB/iaeTCfl OAHMM M3 npoHB/ieHMM 3aKocreHe/ioro Mbiw /ieHMA, MOweT cnywMTb npeAynpewAeHMeM o Tex ccj> epax, B KOTopwx ecTb noTeHi4Ma/i fl/in o6yMeHMH M pocTa MHorfla Heo6xoflMMO 6biTb 3aKOcreK

.

He/lblMM M ynopHblMM (HanpMMep, OTK33blBaflCb npMHMMaTb yMaCTMe B HeaTMMHbIX

AeMCTBMHX, HecMOTpn Ha AaBneHMe).

374 f/iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) noAO >KeHne o6yHeHwa Hmo manoe ( pamasiucmuHHoe Muiusienue • npomueononoMHOcmiy 3aKocmeuenozo Muuinenux

—

(fiamanucmuHHoe 3 M pa flpocrao conpOTMBTmeTCH yM me ) ) , o 6 CBH b 3 aTanMCTMHHbm aHeprMHHO onpoBepraeT HenpMHTHyx paTHyio cJ pa3yM npocTO c,n;aeTCH, M eT Ha nonHTHyio, OTxa3biBaeTCH OT xaxMx-;iM6o flewcTBUM M OTKnioHaeTCH, He nonyHMB >xe/iaeMoro cpa3y >xe MHM cTonxHyBlHMCb CO C7IO)KHbIMM >XM3HeHHbIMM 06cT0flTe/IbCTBaMM. 0ama7iucmuHHoe Mbituneuue xapaxmepHO dux Kanumaua TnTaHMKa, KO mopbiu nocne Kpyuieuux c6ezaem e ceow Kawmy, 3anupaemcx u omica3 t>i eaemcx noMom> naccancupaM noKUHymb K0 pa6nb. OaTanwcTMHHbiM pa3yM roBopwT: Hmezo He nywHo Menxmb, nomoMy nmo ewcoda Hem. OamaxucmuHHoe Mbitunenue MOXCHO OIUU 6OHHO npuHxmv 3a noKopuocmb, xomx ezo XeHMfl.

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ypoK 11. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 1 375

riPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. y K/inemoB c l K noc /ie nepnoflOB OTcrpaHeHMn na"

CTO

B03HHKaK)T

caMoyHMHMwaiomMe MWC/IM, cBH3aHHbie

c MyBCTBOM

-

3aMeujaTe/ib

-

M3 3a HeB03M0>KH0CTM KOHTpOJIMpOBaTb CMTyaLJMK) MJIM peiUMTb

CTB3 MJ1M

CTblfla npo6/ieMy; OHM TaK>Ke MoryT McnbiTbiBaTb crpax noKa3aTbca HeflocraTOHHO KOMneTeHTHbiMn. HHorfla JUOFLU c f K nepenpbin/iBajOT M 3 COCTOHHMH 3aKOCTeHe/ioro MbiuixieHMfl (6opb6a M conpoTMB/ieHMe M 3MeHeHMflM) K COCTOHHMK) cJ)aia /incTMMHoro Mbiiu/ieHMH ( oTCTpaHeHne M OTK33 OT aKTHBHbix flei/icTBMM). HanpMMep, KOrfla KJ1M eHTa c l K nonpocn/in opeHMTb CBoe cocTOBHue 3aKocieHe/ioro pa 3yMa, OH Hana/i nacTO nepecKaKMBaTb c pnrnflHoro conpoTMB/ieHMn K HeowMflaHHOMy cor/iaweHMIO: "Xopowo-xopoLuo, H c BaMM comaceH". Ho Korfla ero cnpocn/iH o BHe3anHOM CMeHe TOHKM 3peHHfl, OH OTKa3 biBa /icfl OT fla /ibHeMWMx o6bHCHeHMH M/in o6cy>KlqeHHH npo6;ieMbi. OH npocro CKa3a /i: "HeT HHKaKOi/i Heo6xoflMMOCTM B fla/ibHei/iweM o6cy>KfleHnn fl npocro noHn/i, HTO Bbi npaBbi". M Bee we npo6/ieMa K/iMeHTa H ero jiMHHbix OTHOLueHMM COCTOMT B TOM, HTO OH nacTO npMflepwMBaeTcn nepBOM n03MLJMM. 3TO npuBOflMT K nocTOAHHOMy "nepeweBbiBaHMio MeHTa/ibHOM wBanKM", a MHO"

"

.

rfla

— HK we/iaHMio MecTM. Tax, fl/in 3aKocreHe/ioro H yHKL\ MM M/IM oflMHaKOBan MOTHBAPUN, HanpMMep we/ia-

nacTO xapaKTepbi

flOCTMraTb JIMHHbIX Lje/ieM. 3TO CBH3aHO c npMHMHa ~ nOflo6Hbie COCTOflHMfl 0C06eHH0 XapaKTepHbl fl/lfl napMeHTOB c l K.

HHe Bee KOHTpO/IMpOBaTb 1/1JIM MM, no KOTOpbIM

*

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) ITpaKTMHecKoe ynpaxcHeHwe TIOUCK (pamaAucmuHHOzo nuiuAenun 6 cede nPMMEHAHHE flJlfl TPEHEPA. llpMBefleHHbie HM>Ke Bonpocbi noMoryT npM npoBefleHMM o6cy>KfleHMfl M MoryT c /iy>KMTb BcnoMoraTe/ibHbiM cpeflCTBOM noMCKa ynacrHMKaMM npoBBJieHMM (J)3TanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa B ce6e. fl/w 6o/ibiueM HamnflHOCTM KOHpenpMM cneflyeT npMBecTM o63op no KawflOMy Bonpocy, Mcno/ib3yn npMMepbi ynacTHMKOB, a TaK>Ke npMMepbi M3 CO6CTB6HHOM WM3HM. HanoMMHaMTe ynacTHMKaM, HTO COmaCMe C KeM-TO M/IM OTK33 OT 3 KTMBHblX fleMCTBMM COBCeM He 06n3aTenbH0 c )aTajiMCTMHHoro Mbiiu/ieHMfl. HBnneTCH npoBB/ieHMeM |

•

Koeda B nocnednuu pa3 y sac B03 HUKanu Mmcnu o mom, nmo see BOKpye npaBbi , nmo UMenno BU BO Been BunoBamu, nmo see npoucxodum no Batueu oime u nmo BBI nwcoeda nuneeo ne denanu npasunbHO ? S CnpocnTe: Bu 3 aM.eH.anu Koeda - nu6ydb 3 a co6ou Mbicnu o moM , nmo dpyeue nwdu donnenu nepeuMu u36 UHumbcn unu xomn 6bi npu3 namb ceou OVUU6KU, npenede neu BU noemynume max nee? Bu Koeda- nu6ydb

376 friaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

codou maunoe ncenanue nacnadumbcx omnaxnueM unu Kaxue cuznanu eu Monceme nocu , namb oxpyncawtu,UM npu eo3 HUXHoeenuu nododnozo poda Mbicneu? BO3M.OOKHO 7iu, nmo eu emaune nadeemecb, nmo caMoodeunenue noMowem eaM U 3 dezamb odpamnou cex3U om oxpyncawu ux? KUK naemo ebi zoeopume cede: “3aneM soodu e Htno- mo benumb? Hunezo HUKOzda ne Mennemcx” unu “ Ha CUMOM dene see deccMbicnenno” ? S CnpocMTe: Cnumaeme nu eu cedx U,UHUXOM ? Hyecmeoeanu nu eu cedx Kozda - nudydb npaeebnuM MynenuxoM , ncepmeou neenpaeednueux odemoxmenbeme ? Bo3 nuxano nu y eac ouiyu enue de3nadencH 0cmu , nomoMy nmo donbuie nem cun unu nomoMy nmo HU 6 neM nem CMbicna? He xancemcx nu eaM , nmo nwdu unozda eac ucnonb3ywm unu ncenawm eaM 3na? KUK naemo ebi omempanxemeeb, 3acmbi 6 ueme unu nyeemeyeme cedx nonuocmbw odeccunennbiMu? S CnpocMTe: Kozda omo cnynaemcx, nmo eu denaeme ( nanpuMep , noncumecb e Kpoeamb u enume eecb denb )? He 3aMenanu nu eu 3a co dou ( fianma3uu o moM , nmodu ece e Mupe ocmaeunu eac e noxoe unu nmodu npodneuu ucne3nu caMU codou xax no Manoeenuw eonmednou nanoHKu? Hmo, no eauieMy ydenedenux), neeo3MoncHO unu 6ecnone3no Meuxmb? ffyemecb nu ebi unu uzpaeme e monnanxy ( douxomupyeme ), Kozda ece udem ne max , KUK ebi mozo xomenu? S CnpocMTe: Ecnu eac enpatuueawm, ompui aeme nu eu Kozda -nudo moy nmo dyemeeb unu ne ncenaeme c Keu- mo pa3 zoeapueamb ( dance ecnu 3 Haemey nmo oco3 nanHO dyemeeb unu cneuiuanbno Monnume )? Kax naemo eu denaeme eud , nmo ece e nopxdxe (“% e nopMe” ), xozda e deuemeumenbuoemu omo ne max? Rax naemo eu npoemoyxodume om npodneMbiy xozda ece udem ne max, xax eu xomenu? Cnynanocb nu, nmo ebi dbinu c xeM - mo ne coznacnbi u 3ameM 6 ne3 anno < coznauianucb ( Xopouio, mbi npae ” ) de3 Kaxux -nudo odbxcnenuu? CnpocMTe: Eueano nuy nmo eu tunu na yemynxu padu U 3dezanux xontynuxma unu odpamnou cex3U , xomopax, no eauieMy MHenux) Mozna dumb nenpuxmmu? Mcnumueanu nu eu xozda-nudo maunyw padocmb, nonynax coeemuy nomoMy nmo 3nanuy nmoy ecnu nmo - mo noudem ne max, mo MOMHO dydem odeunumb e omoM xozo- mo dpyzozo? 3aMenanu 3a

MenauxonmecKUMU 3MOU UXMU ?

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y

ypoK 11. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTM : nacib 1 377

• Koeda 6 nocnednuu pa3 em 3ameHanu 3a co6ou Mbicnu o moM , nmo ece

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,

CKOpo HanadumcH uecMompx na noemopxwu uecx coo6u4 eHUx om OKpy^cawWfUx o HUJIUHUU cept>e3 Hou npo6neMu , nomopou neodxoduMo

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3aHUMamtjcx?

IIoompflMTe ynacTHMKOB 3aimcbiBaTb sonpocw, KOTopwe noKa3a /mcb MM HaM 6onee none3HWMM npn BbiMBjieHMM (J) aTa /iMCTMHHoro MbiinneHMj M ncnonb30BaTb MX B KanecTBe HanoMMHaHMH o B03M0>KHbix “ 6o/ie3HeHHblX TOHKax”. 3aKOHHMTe ynpaacHeime HanoMMHaHMeM ynacTHMicaM o TOM, HTO corviaCMe C KeM-TO M7IM OTK33 OT aKTMBHbIX fleMCTBMM BOBCe He o 6fl3aTe /IbHO HBTineTCH npOHBTieHMeM (f )aTa /iMCTMHHoro pa3yMa. fl /m ero BbiHB/ieHMH CTOMT npM6eraTb K caMOMccne#OBaHMK).

( /\ onoAHMTeAbHo ) Bonpoc AAH o6 cyjKAeHMH OamaAucntUHHoe MuuiAenue S

CnpocMTe ynacTHMKOB o BpeMeHax, Korjja OHM MOITIM fleiiCTBOBaTb c no3M LJMM 4> aTanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa. TpeHepy cne yeT noflenMTbcn npMMepaMM M 3 co6 cTBeHHOM )KM 3HM . Kaicoeu OCHOBHUC HedocmamKu nodo6noeo cocmoXHUX ? KaKoe enmnue 0 Ka3U 6 aem ( fiamanucmuHHbiu pa3 yu na omHotueHUX ? KaKue MU omnpaenxeM cmnanu 0 KpyMaww,uM , deucmeyx c no3 ui uu (fiamanucmuHHoeo pa3 yua? S CnpocMTe ynacTHMKOB, HTO npeftCTaBTuieT RJIR HMX 6ojibuiyio npo6nec ) aTa;iMCTMHHbiM pa3yM ? 06cyflMTe, HacKonbKo 3aKOCTeHenbiM MHM | My MOryT 6 bITb npo 6neMHbIMM o6e KpaMHOCTM. OftHM TIIOflM CKTIOHHbl nOCTO HHHO )KMTb B OAHOM KpaMHeM COCTOHHMM, Tor a Kax ApyrMe nepenpbirM BaiOT Me cfly HMMM. IIoAo6 Hoe 6 pocaHMe B KpaMHOCTM MO>KeT cny >KMTb ^ npMMepOM OTHaBHHbix nonbiTOK peniMTb npo6/ieMy MTIM M36e>xaTb ee . IIonpocMTe npMBecTM npMMepbi CO6WTMM MHM nepMO OB, Kor a ynacTHMKM 3aMenanM 3a CO 6OM no n,o6Hoe 6 pocaHMe B KpaMHOCTM.

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( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHHe o6yHeHMH Epoc&tne 6u3o6 (pamaAuemuuHOMy muiuAenuio IIpe/moHCMTe ynacTHMKaM o3HaKOMMTbcn c pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTepnanoM 11.3, “YHMTeCb npM nOMOHJM | ( )aTaJIMCTMMHOrO MbllHJieHMH ”

378 f /iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

IUar 1. CTOJIKHyBIIIMCb C BM30B0M, HUJHTe B03MO)KHbie npOBBJieHMB ( jmTaflM-

pa3yMa. HanpMMep, omymeHMe Toro, HTO Bac He ijeHHT, He noHHMaiOT, 6 ecnoMom HOCTb, MyneHMHeCTBO M 7IM COCTOHHHe CepTBbl. HyBCTBO o6 wflbI, oropne^ HMH MTiM u; MHM3Ma B OTHOHieHMM B03MO)KHbix nepeMeH. OmymeHMe oije-

CTMMHoro

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neHeHMH M 7IM OTCTpaHeHHOCTM

.

Illar 2. IIpif 3HaMTe sepOHTHOCTb Toro, HTO BM MOTTIM eMCTBOBaTb c no3mjMM 4>aTaHPiCTMHHoro pa3yMa. • OamanucmuHHbiu pa3yu amo natu “apmucm no6eza” Bmecmo omcdenamb oud , Kpbimozo conpomuenemix unu 6opb6bi ezo peuieuue nmo Htinezo ne npoucxodum OH npoijBeTaeT Ha OTpMijaHMM M JI>.KM. OH no3BonneT M36e>KaTb npM3HaHMH B H36eraHMM M nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n yflOBTieTBOpeHHbiMM noc/ie OTCTynTieHMH w / vum 6naro,n;eTe/iflMM nocne OTKa 3a OT aKTMBHbIX fleMCTBMM. • OamanucmuHHbiu pa3ym npedynpencdaem nac o moM , nmo HUM , eo3MOMHO , cmouno 6bi u3 Menumb o MU 3 HU • OamanucmuHHbiu pa3yM UHOzda uoncem cuzHanu3upooamb o moM , nmo MU nepempydunucb unu nepezpynceHbi VL B 3TOM cnynae r /iaBHaa nepeMeHa, KOTopan Heo 6xoflMMa, OTflbix.

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Illar 3. IIppiCHymMBaHTecb K aTa;mcTiiHHOMy pa3yMy n ynnTecb y Hero. • Cdenaume nepebiu maz na nymu K u3MeHenuw cfjamanucmunecKozo pa3yua, npU 3HU 6 , nmo 6 bi eoece ne xomume ezo u3MeHxmb npii3HaMTe, HTO BH Bbi6 npaeTe eiicTBOBaTb c no3mjMM (JmTanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa. HuKmo ne MOMem 3acmaeumb eac eecmu ce6n ( fiamanucmunno. • Ocna6bme onuxHue cfiamanucmuHHOZO pa3ymay npu3 Hae ezo cyu ecmoooaHue Cxancume: MHe CBOMCTBCHHO secra ce6n aTa;mcTPiHHoro COCTOHHMH? JIuuiume ( fiamanucmuHHbiupa3yu enacmu, nydnunuo npu3 Hao ezo nanunue. OaTa /iMCTMHHbm pa3yM crpeMMTCfl K cexpeTHocTM. IIpaKTMKyMTe Heocy^flaiomee caMopacKpbiTMe, xor a 3aMenaeTe 3a CO6OM npMBMHKy AyTbCH MHM wrpaTb B MO/iHaHKy MTiM npMTBopHoe cor/iacwe pa w nonyneHMH )Ke7iaeMoro. fla Te flpyrwM noHHTb, HTO no,n;o6Hoe noBe,n;eHMe npoTMBopeHMT BaniHM u;eHHocTHM. IIo3BonbTe ce 6e 6e3 ocy c eHMH omyTMTb cMyme^ Hwe MTiM nio6 bie flpyrwe SMOIJMM , KOTopbie MoryT B03HMKHyTb. OieflMTe 3a

MHe cjieayeT HayniiTbCH

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TeM BTIMHHMeM, KOTOpOe CaMOpaCKpbITHe OKa3bIBaeT Ha BaiHM OTHOHieHMH

ypoK 11. 06 yneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTM : nacTb 1 379

( earn

noMHMTe, pacKpbiTMe BHyrpeHHMx

nepe>KMBaHMM nepeA OKpy>Kaioo6 maTbCfl c BaMw ). ^ IlepecmaHbme odounxmb OKpyxcaww,ux e moM , nmo OHU denatom eac HecnacmubiMu . PlflMTe Hanepexop no 6y>KAeHMflM (J> aTa /iMCTMHHoro pa3yMa, npw 3HaBaiicb nepeA caMMMM CO 6 OM ( M oicpy aiomMMM ) B CBOCM BKna e ^ B npo6/ieMy M npe npMHMMaiiTe aKTMBHbie ACMCTBMH RIW ee pemeHMH. npueemcmeyutne omnaxHue, mpeooxcHocmb u 6e3 Hadexcnocmb Kan ceoux ynumeneu, a ne epazoe . BcTpenaMTe MX xax roTOBbix noMOHb npoBOAHMKOB, TOTOBHIAMX BaC K HOBOMy o6yneHMK). ConpOTMBTIflMTeCb wena HMK) ou;eneHeTb MHM cnaTben . OTKpoMTecb TOMy, HTO Barna 6o/ib nbnaeTCH IH,MMM yBenwMMBaeT MX AOBepMe K BaM M cenaHMe

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BaM CKa3aTb

• IlepecmaHbme xcenamb, nmo6bi u3MeHuncx Mup, w;zw omaune nadexmbcx, nmo npo6neMa ucne3 Hem cana no cede . IIpMMMTe Ha ce6a OTBeTCTBeH HOCTb 3a co3AaHMe BarneM HOBOM pea /ibHocm. npaKTMKyMTe cnoco6HOCTb 3aMenaTb BO3MO>KHOCTM RJIR pocTa B /IIO 6 OM MOMCHT. • IIoMHume, nmo cocmoxnue (fiamanucmtmecKozo pa3 yma COMO no ce6e ne xonxemcx OUIU 6KOU . BO3MO>KHO, Bbi C/MIHKOM MHoro pa6oTa;iM M Tenepb BaM Hy>KeH OTABIX M / MHM, BO3MO>KHO, BaM Hy>KHO noropeBaTb 06 yTpaTe. KaK 6 bi TaM HM 6 bmo, 4> aTa;iMCTMHHbiM pa3yM MO^ceT npeAynpe aTb Bac O HeM -TO Ba KHOM, O Heo6xOAMMbIX >KM3HeHHbIX M3MeHeHMflX, O TOM, HTO ^ Bbi He xoTMTe npM3HaBaTb. BbiAenMTe BpeMH Ha TO, HTO 6BI npMC/iymaTbCH K CBoeMy (J) aTa;iMCTMHHOMy pa 3yMy. HTO MMCHHO OH xoneT BaM CKa3aTb ? • IIoeepHumecb K COOUM cnoxcHocmxM TIUI OM . MnrKO y/ibi6HMTecb, npMnoAHMMMTe 6pOBM M AbiiHMTe niy6oKO, AyMan o npo6/ieMe MTIM o TOM o6paTHOM CBH3M , KOTOpyio Barn (J)aTa /iMCTMHHbiM pa3yM npM3Han HepemaeMOM. • IIodyMaume o eo3MoxcHocmu u3Menumbcx u necmHo npucnyiuambcx K odpamnou cex3 u, Mcnonb3yn pa3AaTOHHbiM MaTepMa /i 22.1, “OTKpwTOCTb o6paTHOM CBH3M. EM6KMM pa3yM AflAnTMpyeTCH” • Onpedexume deucmeux, neodxodtiMbie dnxpeuienux npodneMbi , a 3ameM cdenaume nepebiu maz . C OKycMpyMTecb Ha OAHOM mare 3a pa3 M 6/IOKM pyMTe TpeBory o 6yAymeM. BcnoMMHaMTe CBOM npom /ibie ycnexM. • IIoMHume o moM , nmoy omKa3bioaxcb om noMou u onpyxcawii ux, obi 3 acmpeoaeme 6 cocmoxHuu ( fiamanucmuHHozo pa3 yMa. IIpaKTMKyMTe cnoco 6HOCTb no3BO/iHTb oKpy ^KaioiAMM noMoraTb BaM, 6/iaroAapMTe MX 3a noMom, b M MiAMTe cnoco6 bi OT6naroAapMTb B3aMMHOCTbio. • npocmume ce6x 3a TO, HTO A ^MCTByeTe c IIO3MIJMM (J> aTanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa ( CM. ypoK 29 ) .

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380 1 /iaBa 5 . fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHMe o6 yHeHMH npedcmadAenue o mon , nmo maxoe ZU 6 KUU pa3 yn • Tu6Koe MbiuineHue amo cuHtne3 3aKOcmeueno2o u fiamanucmuHHoeo MbiiuneHUH . OH BKnwnaem t eneHanpaeneHHoe caMouccnedosaHue u U 3y ^

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a mcnotce PO (CM. pa6onMM TIMCT l .B, TM6KMM pa3yM, HeCOMHeH HO. Tpw rnara K >KM3HM C paflMKanbHOM OTKpMTocTbio ” ) . Tu6tcoe MbimneHue ceoucmeeHHO Kanumauy Kopa6nx, Komopbiu ne 6pocaem Kopadm? u ne daem 3adnuu xod npu nepewx npu3 HUKax onacHocmu. BMectno amoeo OH npednaaaem u3MeHumb Kypc unu CHU 3um\> CKOpocmv npu oude auc6epea na eopu30 Hme. ru6noe Mbnuneuue npednonaeaem omKpmmocmb Kpumwce unu o6pamHOU C6 H 3U 6e3 ueMedneHHoeo omput auun ( unu coenatueHun ). 3TO TOTOBHOCTb npo6 oBaTb HOBOe C OTKpbITbIM CepflUCM M He TepHH M3 Bn ,a;y co6CTBeHHbie LjeHHOCTM . Iu6Koe Mbiuineuue amo ue cdanaHcupoeauHocmv ( m.e ecezda CHOKOU uoe cmadunbHoe cocmonuue unu cocmonuue ede-mo nocepeduHe ). Tudnoe Mbiuineuue i enum KUK enoHmauHoemv ( HanpMMep, TaHeij 6e3 ornaflKM, flOBepMe MHTyMi MM , HeMCTOBHM KpMK, HTo6 bi ocTaHOBMTb npecTynHMKa, Hac/ia >K ,n;eHMe HacTOHiijMM MOMCHTOM ) , man u cdepncaHHOcmb ( HanpMMep, OTK /iaflbIBaHMe 6 /iarOflapHOCTM , COMHeHMe B MHTyMTMBHbIX 3HaHMHX, OTKa3 CMe TbCH Ha # rnynoM rnyTKOM BO BpeMB pa6oneM BCTpeHM M /IM cepbe3^ Horo pa3roBopa ). neHue,

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(06n3aTeAbHo) npaKTunecKoe ynpajKHeHMe FIOUCK

ZU 6 KOZO MuiuAenun

6 ce6e

nPI/IMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. TpeHepy aieayeT ncnonb30 BaTb npuBefleHHbie HM >Ke yTBepwfleHMfl ABB o6cy>KfleHMB M B KaqecTBe cpeflCTBa noncKa ynacTHUKaMM npoBB/ieHHM ru 6 Koro Mbim/ieHUB B ce6e. fl/ia 6o/ibwei/i HamBflHocTu Maiepna /ia noc /ie Ka >Kfloro yTBep>KfleHMB TpeHepy cneayeT nonpocMTb yMacTHMKOB 3aHBTMB npMBec noflxoflBu ne npuMepbi win noflejimbCB npMMepaMM M3 co6cTBeHHoro onbrra .

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YpoK 11. 06yHeHMe oco3HaHHocTM: nacib 1 381

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Tu6icoe Muuineuue npunuMaem 603M0MH 0 ctm> u3MeueHuu H cTpeMHTCfl K HUM , KOr a B 3T0M B03HHKaeT Heo 6xOAMMOCTb. Fudnoe Muuineuue no3 oonxem denamb mo, nmo uyncuo 6 daunuu MO Menm. HanpHMep, CTpeMHTbcn K coBepmeHCTBy, HO npexpaTHTb STO Ae/iaTb, earn o 6paTHan CBH3b roBopwT HaM o TOM , HTO STO CTpeM /ieHwe

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KOHTpnpO yKTMBHO H 7IH Bpe MT OTHOUieHMHM; CTieflOBaTb npaBHnaM , KpoMe Tex c/iynaeB, Kor a Heo6xoAWMO HX HapyniHTb ( HanpHMep, pa M

^

CnaceHMH HbeH -TO CM

^

H Bee

>xe BecTH ce6n

^ 3HM ); 6

^

bITb Be>K 7inBbIMH ,

^

HATH Ha COTpyAHHHeCTBO

HeApy >Ke /no6 HO B Tex cHTyau, Hflx, Kor

^a 3

TO Heo

6-

XOAMMO ( HanpHMep, Kor a CTaBHTCfl noA yrpo3y 6e3onacHOCTb ).

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Tu6 Koe Mutuneuue npu3 Haem, nmo MU ouduM Mup ne maKUM , KCIKUM OH ecmby a maKUM , KUKUMU MU ecmby T.e. Mbi HeceM B ce 6 e CBOIO ABOH CTBeHHOCTb BOOipHHTHfl , TAe 6bl Mbi HM OKa3a /IHCb, CBB3aHHyiO C pa3HblM >KH3HeHHbIM OnbITOM H pa 3HbIM CnOCo 6 oM MbllHTieHMH. B cocmoHHUu 2U 6 KO 20 pa3 yMa MU 2omoou 6pamb ua ce6n omoemcmoeHHOcmb 3a coou peant uu ua npoucxodnu ee , OMecmo mo2o nmo6u aomoMamimeacu odouunmb onpyncawu ux unu owudamb, nmo Mup u3MenumcH . 3TO 03HanaeT cnoco6 HOCTb B3HTb Ha ce6n OTBCT CTBeHHOCTb 3a co6 cTBeHHbiM BK /iaA B cynjecTByiomHe npo6neMbi 6e3 CaMOo 6 BHHeHHH. IIpu 2U 6KOM Mutunenuu MU zomoou npu3namb, nmo COMU oudupaeM C60U oMOUfUOHajibHbie peaKUfim u npu3 HaeMj nmo dpyzuenwdu ueMozym noonuxmb ua mo, nmo MU nyocmeyeM , nanpuMep HUicmo He moncem eunydumb MENH ucnumueamb 2ueo unu 2 pycmb . M XOTH 3MOD;HH MO>KeT BbI3bIBaTb TO, HTO HaXOAHTCfl BHe HaiHeTO KOHTpO/m, H MHOrne HIOAH nepe)KH 7IH TpaBMaTHHeCKHH OnbIT, Ha KOTOpblH OHH He MOI7IH nOBTIHHTb ( HanpHMep, HacHTine HaA pe6eHK0M ) , npn TH6KOM Mbim/ieHHH MW Bee

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npH3HaeM, HTO Hama peaxijHJi Ha Bee nponcxoAHiijee npaKTHnecKH HeH3-

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6e>KH0 Tax wm MHane npeACTaB/meT CO6OH Ao6 poBonbHbin Bbi6op. Flpu 2U 6 KOM Muuineuuu MU MonceM padoeambcx pa3 uoo6pa3 uw , npu3 HaoaH , nmo ecmb MH 0 2 0 pa3 Hbix cnoco6oe ncumb , oecmu ce6n unu dy Mamb . Tu6 Koe MbituneHue npu3 Haem, nmo oduu U 3 ceKpemoe 3dopooou ncu3HU KynbmueaUfUx 3dpaoou donu COMHCHUU IIpu 2U 6 KOM MbtuineHuu MU paci euuoaeM He 2amuoHue 3Mou,uu U ocyncdawtUjUe Mucnu KUK 603Moncuocmb dnx pocma u caMOuccnedo oaHun.

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382 OiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flm

ypOK 11. /\oManiHee 3aAaHne Ha npoTH^ceHim npeflCToniijeM He e/m ynacTHMKaM aieflyeT OTC/ie>KMBaTb Te npOMe)KyTKM BpeMeHM , Kor a MM 6 bmo CBOMCTBCHHO 3aKocTeHe /ioe, rM6Koe M

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4 aTa;iMCTMHHoe MbimneHMe 1. (06fl3aTe;ibHo ) Pa6oHMii JIMCT 11.A, “ OTHocMTecb no-flo6pOMy K npoHB)

TieHMHM 3aKOCTeHenorO MbUIIJieHMfl

”

2. (06n3aTenbHo ) Pa6oHMM JIMCT ll . B, “ MflMTe Hanepeicop ( jjaTajiMCTMHHoMy MblUineHMK)”

npn rnnepKOHipo/ie

B nepeuenax nem neodxoduMocmu, nomoMy nmo enixoda nem 3TO KanwTaH TumanuKa , KOTopbiM nocne KpyuieHMH c6eraeT B CBOIO KaiOTy,

B u3MeneHUHX nem neodxoduMocmu, nomoMy nmo ece u36 ecmHO naneped

3TO KaK 6 biTb KanMTaHOM TumanuKa c AeBM 30M “ rionHbiM Bnepefl, M 6 yAb npoKHHTbi aMc6eprw!”

— amo zudKoe

MvnuneHue .

MTIM CHM 3MTb CKopocTb

3TO KanMTaH Kopa6nn , OTKpbiTbiw o 6 paTHow CBH3M M roTOBbiw M 3MeHMTb Kypc npn noHB/ieHMM Ha ropn30HTe anc 6epra; OH He 6pocaeT Kopa6/ib M He pa3BopaHMBaeTCH Ha 3a ,n; npn nepBbix npM 3HaKax onacHOCTM .

Ctmme3

rn6Koe MwuineHMe

noKMHyTb Kopa 6 /ib

OTBecTM Kopa 6/ib B 6e3onacHoe MecTO, onpeAe/iMTb fla /ibHenuiMM Kypc w noMOHb nacca >KMpaM 6e3onacno ^

3annpaeT flBepn M OTKa 3 biBaeTcn noMOHb

OaTajiMCTMHHoe MbiumeHHe

3aKOCTeHenoe MbiumeHMe

KorAa B03HMKai0T TPYAHOCTM, B 03HMKaeT MbiuiAeHMe, CBOMCTBeHHoe npn TK.

MbiujjieHMe

PaAMKaJlbHdSl OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHblM McrrepMan 1 1 . 1

384 Vnasa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT

PaflHKa /ibHaji OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbifi MaTepna /1 1 1 . 2 OiHOcmecb no-flo6 poMy K 3aKOCTeHejioMy MbiiuneHHKD Illar 1. C/rojiKHyBiimcb c TpyAHOCTHMM, Ha6jnoflaMTe 3a 3MOI{HHMH, nyBCTBaACMCTBUIO MTIM MMC/IAMM, KOTopwe Moiyr 6biTb cBH3aHbl C 3aKOCTeHe/IbIM MbllUTieHPieM. • OnjymeHMe pa3Apa>KeHMfl, o6nfla, Hero OBamie, 3nocTb, napaHOMH, cj)pycTpaijMfl , TpeBora, HepB03H0CTb, rHeB, oi eneHeHMe, omymeHMe 3aMopo)KeHHOCTM vum onycTonieHHOCTM; no6y>KAeHMe cpa3y >Ke Bee 06'bflCHMTb, onpaBflaTbCfl MTIM o6ecijeHMTb npoMcxoAflmee. • Mbic/m o TOM, HTO oRpy^aiomne He MMCIOT Mopa/ibHoro npaBa CTaBMTb no# coMHeHwe Barny TOHKy 3peHMH , yBepeHHOCTb B co6cTBeHHOM npaBOTe MTIM B TOM , HTO Apyroft HenoBeK oiiiM6aeTai , 3a6;iy cAaeTCH MTIM Be eT ce 6n ^ HenoAo6aK)m; MM o6pa30M .

MM , no6yHc ,n;eHiiHMM K

^

^

^

Illar 2. IIpii3HaiiTe B03M0>KH0CTb HannHMB 3aKocTeHe;ioro MbiuuieHMH. • C> M3MHecKoe HanpHHceHMe B Tene MoaceT oaHanaTb, MTO BW HanyraHbi.

ripn B 03HHKH0BeHMM cTpaxa MH CK 7IOHHW 6opoTbCH MTIM y6 eraTb. 3aKOCTe HenbiM pa3yM — STO Ham “6 oeij”; OH CTpeMMTCfl Hac 3am;MTMTb, HO B TO >xe BpeMH orpaHMHMBaeT Hamii BO3MO>KHOCTM BMraTbcn anbme. noBbimeHMH oco3HaHHOCTM; • Mcnonb3yiiTe caMOMCcne OBaHne MmMTe npwMepbi BonpocoB B pa6oneM /mere ll .A, “OTHOCMTecb no- AO6poMy K npoflBTieHMHM 3aKocTeHenoro MbiuuieHMfl ” • IIpM3HaiiTe, HTO BW 6opeTecb npoTMB nero-TO win conpOTHBjiBeTecb neMy-TO, HO He 0TKa3biBawTecb npw STOM 6e3AyMHO OT CBoew TOHKM 3pe HMfl. • Marico HanoMMHaiiTe ce6e, HTO npM 3aKocTeHenoM MbimjieHMM Bamn Mbicnii , nyBCTBa, 3M01JMM , no6y>KAeHMfl K AeMCTBM M M omymeHMfl onpe ^

^

^

^

AenniOTCH BaiiiMM npomnbiM onbiTOM .

• HanoMMHaMTe ce6e o TOM , HTO 3aKOCTeHe;ioe MbiimieHne npeAynpoKAaeT Bac o Tex cepax, KOTopwx BaM cjieflyeT 6wTb 6oziee OTKpbiTbiMM pa M pa6oTW HaA co6oii M o6yneHMB HOBOMy.

^

Illar 3. He nbiTaiiTecb ncnpasnTb 3aKOcreHejioe MbiiuneHne, BMCCTO 3Toro 6ynbTe K ce6e Ao6pee. • npaKTMKyilTe OTKpbiTOCTb TOMy, HTO npOMCXOAMT B HaCTOBlAMM MOMeHT. OTKa >KMTeCb OT IipeACTaBTieHMfl O TOM, HTO Bbl y>Ke Bee 3HaeTe M CTpeMMTeCb K 6o/IbIHeM OTKpbITOCTM. B0Cn 0Hb3yMTeCb pa3AaTOHHbIM Ma TepnanoM 22.1, “ OTKpbiTOCTb o6 paTHon CBH3M . rn6iaiM pa 3yM AAAIITH -

YpoK 11. OGyneHMe oco3HaHHOdn: nacTb 1

385

pyeTCH , MTO 6M noMOHb

A /IA

•

ce6e 6 biTb 6onee OTKpbiTbiMM o6paTHOM CBH3M M onpefleneHMH Tex CMTyaijMM, KOTopbie noTpe6yiOT OT Bac aflairraijMJi.

: MHTKO ynbi 6 HMTecb, r/iy6oKO Abimprre w cnenca 6pOBM. " BMCCTO Toro HTO6W conpoTMBJiHTbCH 3aKocTeHejiOMy MbiumeHmo, nw TaTbCH ero HcnpaBHTb MJIM no6 e,n; MTb, no3Bo;ibTe eMy npocTo 6 wTb. Eyn,bTe 6onee OTKpwTbi npoaB/ieHMAM 3aKOCTeHenoro Mbim /ieHMH M OTHOCMTeCb K HUM MHTHe. Bblfle /IMTe BpeMH Ha TO, HT06 bI nOHHTb, HTO OH XOHCT BaM coo6 mMTb. Bbi HMKorfla He 3HaeTe, neMy em, e BH MO>KeTe HayHMTbcn.

M3MeHMTe

ncpixonornM)

npMnOflHMMMTe

-

IlblTaTbCH HcnpaBMTb HMe

CTO He

• •

H 7IM npOKOHTpO /IMpOBaTb 3aKOCTeHeHOe MblUITie

— 3T0 KaK KpMTMKOBaTb C e6

fl

3a M37IMHIHK)K) CaMOKpMTMKy; 3TO IipO-

pa6oTaeT.

Mcno^b3yiiTe Me MTai nio ;iio6HmeM Ao6poTbi, Monna noBTop^ n ce6e: ffa npe6ydem c MOUM 3aKocmeHenuM pa3yMOM UOKOU , da npe6ydem c HUM 6naeononynue, nycmb c HUM see 6ydem xopomo. npocTMTe ce6n 3a TO, HTO BaM CBOHCTBCHHO cocTOHHiie 3aKocTeHenoro pa3yMa; noMHirre o TOM, HTO OHO ecTb y Bcex.

^

^

386 f/iaBa 5. 11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO RUT

PaflHKa /ibHaji OTKpbuocTb. Pa 3AaTOHHbifi McrrepMaji 1 1 . 3 Ynmecb ripn noMoinM cjjciTCi /ikicTkNHoro MbiimieHHsi Ular 1. GrojiKHyBiimcb c BW3OBOM, Ha6niOAaMTe 3a SMOI HAMM, nyBCTBaMM, ^ K ACMCTBMHM M MbICnAMM, KOTOpwe MOryT 6bITb KHbix nepeMeH, I4 / HJIP1 omymeHMe oijeneHeHMfl MUM OT CTpaHeHHOCTM . MBICTIM o TOM, HTO Bee 6yAeT B nopflftKe, HecMOTpfi Ha noBTopniomyiocH 06paTHyio CBH3b o HanMHMM cepbe3Hbix npo6neM, Tpe6yiomMX BMemaTenbCTBa. Y6e^cfleHHOCTb B TOM, HTO HMnero Henb3fl M3MeHMTb (“3aneM BOo6me HTO-TO e-

OmymeHMe K)T,

•

.

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naTb?” ) > HTO

Apyrne HIOAM AOTDKHBI nepBbiMM M3MeHMTbai, MUM HaA^KAa Ha TO, HTO npo6neMbi Mcne3HyT caMM CO6OM, KaK no MaHOBeHMio BOiime6HOM nanoHKM.

•

QcpbiTbie no6y>KAeHMH

HaKa 3aTb nenoBeKa,

KOTopwii npeATiaraeT HTO-TO M3-

MeHMTb; cenaHMe AyTbCH , nnaKaTb, yMTM , OTKa3aTbcn OT Bcero MUM

^

peanncTMHHbie OT

o6emaHMH

A ^TB

He-

3aHHTbcn CO 6OM paAM Toro, HTO6W OTMaxHyTbcn

o6paTHOM CBH3M.

Ular 2. npH3HaMTe BepoHTHOCTb Toro, HTO BW MOTTIM AencTBOBaTb c no3MijMM 4>aTanMCTMHHOrO MbllUJieHMfl, IIOMHH O TOM, HTO OHO HBTIHeTCH npoTMBonoTIO>KHOCTbIO COnpOTMBTieHMK) MTIM 6opb6e. • OaTaTiMCTMHHbiii pa3yM 3TO Ham “apTHCT no6era”. BMCCTO oTKpbiToro conpoTHBTieHHH MTiM

—

6opb6bi ero pemeHMe

—

CAeTiaTb BMA >

HTO HMHero He

OH npoimeTaeT Ha OTpMu;aHMM M TDICM . OH no 3BonneT HaM nyBCTBOBaTb yAOBTieTBopeHMe OT yxoAa , CAaBaTbcn MTIM Aa>Ke M 36 eraTb npM 3Ha -

npoMcxoAMT.

HMH B M 36 eraHMM .

• OaTaTIMCTMHHWM pa3yM He HBTIHeTCH 3TIOM. CBo60AHOe OT OLjeHOK 0C03HaHMe

JiaTaTIMCTMHHOTO

(

MbIHITieHMH nOMOTaeT HaM 3aMeTMTb, HTO MbI CTIMIH -

KOM CMTIbHO Ha Ce6fl

AaBMM MTIM HTO , B03M0)KH0, HaM Hy>KHO nOropeBaTb HaA )epax, B KOTopwx HaM MoryT noHa , ce a | yTpaTOM TaK ^ npeAynpeacAaeT o Tex cc AO6MTBCH nepeMeHbi.

Ular 3. IlpMCTiyuiMBaMTecb K aTanHCTMHHOMy MbiiuneHMio M yHMTecb y Hero,

.

Mcnonb3yH npMBeAeHHbie HMXce HaBbiKM

• CAenaiiTe nepsbiM mar, npM3HaB, HTO BW BOBce He XOTMTC ero M3MCHHTB. Ilpn 3HaMTe, HTO Bbl CaMM Bbl6MpaeTe A MCTBOBaTb C n 03MAMM J aTaTIMCTMHHOrO ^ MblHITieHMH , — HMKTO He MO CeT 3aCTaBMTb BaC BeCTM Ce6 J aTaTIMCTMHHO. ^ ( )

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YpoK 11. OSyneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTu : nacTb 1 387

• npMBeTCTByMTe OTHaHHIie, TpeBOHCHOCTb M 6e3Haffe^CHOCTb KaK CBOMX yHHHe BparoB. BcrpenaMTe MX KaK roTOBbix noMOHb npoBOflHMKOB , Ha npaBnHK)nj,Mx Bac K HOBOMy o6yneHMK). ConpoTMBTiHMTecb >Ke;iaHMK) ou,ene HeTb M 7IM CAaTbCH . OTKpOMTeCb TOMy, HTO Bailia 6 o/Ib nbITaeTCH BaM CKa3aTb.

Teneii, a

• IlepecTaHbTe Hce^aTb, HTO6M M3MCHMJICH Mwp, MHM BTanHe HaflenTbCH, HTO

•

npo6neMa MCHe3Hex caMa no ce6e. Bo3 bMMTe Ha ce6n oTBeTCTBeHHocTb 3a co3flaHne Bamew HOBOM peanbHOCTM . IIpaKTMKyMTe cnoco 6 HOCTb 3aMenaTb B03MO>KHOCTM fl /Ifl pOCTa B 7IK) 6 oM MOMeHT. IIoMHMTe, HTO cocTOHHMe aTa;mcTiiHecKoro pa3yMa caMO no ce6e He HBTiHeTcn OHIM6KOH . BO 3MO>KHO , Bbi C/IMIHKOM MHoro pa6 oTa /iM , M Tenepb BaM Hy>KeH OT bix, M / MTIM , BO 3MO>KHO , BaM Hy>KHO noropeBaTb 06 yTpaTe. IIOMMMO 3Toro, 4) aTanMCTMHHbiM pa3yM MO ceT npe ynpoKflaTb Bac o HCM - TO BaacHOM , ^ o Heo6xoflMMbix nepeMeHax, M /IM o TOM , Hero BM He XOTMTC npw 3HaBaTb. Bbi fle/iMTe BpeMH Ha TO , HTO 6M npMc /iymaTbCH K cBoeMy (JjaTanMCTMHHOMy pa3yMy. HTO MMCHHO OH xoneT BaM CKa 3aTb? IIoBepHiiTecb K CBOMM TpyuHOCTHM JIHIJOM . MUTKO ynbi6HMTecb, npnnoflHMMMTe 6 poBn M flbiiiiHTe rny6oKo , flyMan o npo6;ieMe nnn o TOM o6 paTHOM CBH3M , KOTOpafl Ka >KeTCfl 6e3Hafle>KHOM C n 03MIJMM (J) aTa /IMCTMHHOrO

^

•

^

MbimjieHHH .

•

IIoflyManTe o BO3MO>KHOCTH M3MeHMTbCH M necTHO npMC/iymaTbc>i K o6 paTHOM CBH 3M , MCnO/Ib3yfl pa3flaTOHHbIM MaTepMa /I 22.1, “ OTKpbITOCTb o6 paTHOM CBH 3M . FM 6 KMM pa3yM AflAriTPIpyeTOi ” • OnpefleTiMTe aencTBMH, Heo6xo nMbie fljia pemeHnn npo6neMbi, a 3aTeM ^ ( ) OKycMpyMTecb Ha O HOM mare 3a pa3 M 6noKMpyM cflenanTe nepsbin mar. C| Te TpeBory o 6yaymeM. BcnoMMHawTe CBOM npomnwe ycnexM. • OaTajincTMHHoe MbinuieHne npoijBeTaeT B aTMOC epe ceKpeTHocTM. 71M uiMTe 4> aTanMCTMHHbm pa3yM B /iacTM , ny6/iMHHO npn 3HaB ace /iaHMe flyTbcn , nrpaTb B MOTinaHKy vum cflaTbca . IlepecTaHbTe O 6 BMHHTB OKpyacaiomMx B TOM , HTO OHM “fle /iaiOT” Bac HecnacTHbiMM . IIoMflMTe Hanepexop no6y>Kfle HMflM (J)aTa /IMCTMHHOrO MbIHITieHMfl , IipM 3HaMTeCb nepefl CaMMMM CO 6OM ( M OKPY^KaiomMMM ) B TOM BKTiafle, KOTopbiM Bbi BHecTiM B CBOM npo 6neMbi , M HaH -

^

^

CMCTBMH RJIK MX pemeHMH . ^ IIOMHUTe O TOM, HTO, OTKa3bIBaHCb OT nOMOIU Il HMTe npeflnpMHMMaTb aKTMBHbie

•

.

OKpyflCaiOmilX, Bbi 3aCTpe -

EipaKTMKyMTe cnoco6HOCTb npMHMMaTb noMomb OKpy>Kaioiii Mx, 6naroflapMTe MX 3a Hee M MmMTe cnoco6 bi

saeTe B COCTOHHHH

4

>aTanncTHHHoro pa3yMa. 1

OTBeTMTb B 3aMMHOCTbK) .

• IIpocTMTe ce6n 3a TO, HTO #eMCTByeTe c no3MijMM cJ)aTanMCTMHHoro Mbim /ieHMH ( CM . ypoK

29 ) .

388 f/iaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

PaflHKa /ibHaji oTKpbuocTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbiM Maiepna /1 1 1 . 4 OcHOBHbie nojioxeHMsi ypoKa 1 1 . OSyneHMe OCO 3HCII-IHOCTM: nacTb 1 MbiuiAeHMe npw rwnepKOHTpoAe 1.

J nn modern c npe3MepHbiM caMOKOHTponeM nacTO 6o7ibine Bcero npo6neM BW\ 3biBaeT 3aKpbiTOCTb KaK ncwxonorMHecKoe cocronHMe.

2. 3TO cocTOflHMe 6noKMpyeT o6yneHMe npw noMomM OCBOCHMH HOBOM MH(J>opMaiJMM M 7IM KOppeKTHpyiOmeil o6 paTHOM CBH3M M MO^Ke MMCHHO SMOIJMM npMBOflHT K TMHHOMy MbllHTieHMK), CBOMCTBeHHOMy niOflHM C TK .

—

STO npe 4. 3aKocTeHe/ioe MbimneHMe HeT Heo6xo,n; MMocTM , noTOMy HTO Bee

npo6neMa-

, ^OTBCTW y>KeoM BecTHw .3 cTaBneHMe

TOM HTO B M 3MeHeHMnx

3

aKOCTeHenoe

TumanuKa, KOTopwM, HeB3npan Ha noBTOpmoiijMecH npeflynpoKfleHMH, HacTaMBaeT Ha CBOCM: “ IIonHbiM Bnepe , M 6y b npoKTiHTbi aMc6eprM!” 5. OaTa /mcTMHHoe MbimneHMe STO MMOIM O TOM, HTO B nepeMeHax HeT HeO 6XO MMOCTM , noTOMy HTO Bbixo,n;a HeT. OaTanMCTMHHoe MbimneHMe xapaxTepHO Rnn KanMTaHa TumanuKa, KOTopwM nocne KpymeHMn c6eraeT B CBOIO KaiOTy, 3anMpaeTcn M OTKa 3biBaeTcn noMOHb naccancMpaM noKMHyTb Kopa6nb. 6. TM6 Koe MbimneHMe npeflCTaBnneT CO6 OM 6onee OTKpbiToe, BoenpMMMHMBoe M a anTMBHoe cocronHMe yMa. OHO xapaKTepHO jsjin KanMTaHa Kopa6nn , KOTOpbiM MonceT OTKa3aTbcn OT npe biflym MX nnaHOB M M3MeHMTb Kypc VLRVL CHM 3MTb cKopocTb npM nonBneHMM Ha ropM30HTe aiic6epra. Ho npn STOM OH He 6pocaeT Kopa6nb M He pa3BopaHMBaeTcn Ha3afl npn nepBbix npM3HaKax onacHOCTM. MbimneHMe xapaKTepHO ftnn KanMTaHa

^

^

^

^

^

.

YpoK 11. OCyneHne 0C03HaHH 0CTM : nacTb 1 389

PaAHKCIJ1bHa $l OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 6oMMH J1MCT 11 .A OmocMTecb no-flo6 poMy K npoaBJieHnyiM 3aKocieHejioro MbiLu /ieHun

Illar l.OnHiuHTe CTioacHyio CMTyai

^

.

Henoro Mbini/ieHMH

KaKMe noBe

,

eHMe, MBICTIM, no6y)KfleHMe K

^

IUar 2. IIpM3HaMTe

Hajimne

MCCTieftOBaHHH.

-

nio CBH3aHHyio c npoHBneHMHMM 3aKocTe

fleMCTBMHM M SMOIJMM BH 3aMeTnnn ?

-

3aKOCTeHejioro MbiuineHMH npM noMon M caMO

^

OTMeTbTe Bonpocw, KOTopbie noKa3anwcb BaM Haw6onee noTie3HbiMM, M 3annniMTe HM Ke CBOM OTBeTbl MTIM flpyTMe Bonpocw, KOTopbie Bbl MOIOTIb30BaTIM.

^

Ka^ceTCH

nofl coMHeHwe co6 cTBeHHyio TOHKy CaMOMCCTieflOBaHMeM ?

TIM MHe CHOKHWM CTaBMTb

3peHMH MTIM

fla>Ke 3aHMMaTbCH

3aMeHaiO TIM A 3a C060M CKTIOHHOCTb aBTOMaTMHeCKM Bee o 6T>flCHflTb, 3am, MujaTbCH MTIM o6eci eHMBaTb o6paTHyio CBH 3b MUM npoMcxoflnmee ? M3MeHnnacb TIM cicopocTb MoeM peHM ? HTO no6y>K i]laeT MCHH OTBenaTb Tax 6biCTpo MTIM Tax TmaTenbHO no MpaTb cnoBa ? 06ecu,eHMBaK) TIM A o6paTHyio CBH3b flpyroro MenoBena, HTO6M npe HaMepeHHO c e/iaTb eMy HenpMHTHO MTIM HaKa3aTb ero? ECTIM jja, TO KaK STO xa paKTepM3yeT CTeneHb MOeM OTKpbITOCTM ? ConpOTMBTIfllOCb TIM A OTKpbITOCTM o6 paTHOM CBH3M, nOTOMy HTO HaCTb MCUA BepMT, HTO TaK A CMory ocTaTbCH caMMM CO 6 OM ? Mory TIM A cflenaTb nay3y M no- HacroflmeMy paccMOTpeTb B03M0>KH0CTb TOTO, HTO A Mory OIHM6 aTbCfl MTIM HTO MHe Heo6xOAMMO M3MeHMTbCH ? ToBopio TIM A ce6e: 3Haio, HTO npaB a Ha MoeM CTopoHe”, He3aBMCMMO OT TOTO, HTO roBopuT OKpy>KaiomMe MTIM KaK Bee CKTiaflbiBaeTCfl ? Bepio TIM A B TO, HTO B flaTIbHCMHieM CaMOMCCTieflOBaHMM HeT Heo6xoflMMOCTM , nOTOMy HTO npo6TieMa y>Ke perneHa, MHe Bee M3BCCTHO MTIM y>Ke npoenaHa Bee Heo6xo#MMaH pa 6 oTa Ha CO 6OM B OTHomeHMM o6cy>KflaeMOM npo6TieMbi ?

^

1

^

^

^

^

^

^

390 rhaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

HTO TaKoro CTpauiHoro

MOHCCT npoM30MTM ,

earn

H

HeMeflneHHO OTKancycb

OT CBOeM TOHKM 3peHMH ?

Ular 3. MffMTe HanepeKop 3aKOCTeHenoMy pa3yMy.

OTMeTbTe HaBbIKM, KOTOpbie Bbl npaKTMKOBaTIM Ha 3TOM Helene.

IIpaKTMKOBaTb 0C03HaHMe TeneCHbIX OmymeHMM, CBH3aHHbIX C COCTOHHMeM ( HanpMMep, MbimeHHoe HanpHHceHMe, OHeMe , UMIJO ynameHHoe cepffle6neHne ) , BMCCTO aBTOMaTMHecico ro o6ecuteHMBaHMH, MTHopMpoBaHMH MTIM OTpmjaHiiH MX noTeHijMaTibHbix

3aKOCTeHenoro MbmiTieHMH HMe, ropniijee

IipOHBTieHMM.

BbITb 6onee OTKpbITbIM M 6onee MHrKO OTHOCMTbCH K HyBCTBaM M 3MOIJMHM, CBH3aHHbIM C 3aKOCTCHeTIbIM MbllHTieHMeM ( TaKMM , KaK CMymeHMe, pa 3flpa nceHMe, raeB, HeroAOBaHMe), BMCCTO nonbiTOK HeMeATieHHO MX McnpaBMTb MTIM c enaTb BMA > HTO MX He cymecTByeT. Il03B 07IMTb Ce 6e HeCTHO paCCMOTpeTb B03M0HCH0CTb Co6 cTBCHHOM OIHM6KM, HenpaBOTbl MTIM TOTO, HTO “ MOM OIOC06” MOHCCT He pa 6 oTaTb, HO 6e3

^

^cecTKoro caMOo6BMHeHMH MTIM HeMe TieHHoro OTpeneHMH OT npomnbix y6e>K eHMM. Bbi,n;enMTb ce6e BpeMH ( HanpMMep, A ^Hb ) AHH oco3HaHHoro M3yneHMH co6CTBeHHblX peaKI MM , HyBCTB, 3MOIJMM M no6y>KAeHMM MCnpaBMTb, ynyHIHMTb MTIM cnnaHMpoBaTb cMTyaijMio, npencAe neM npMCTynMTb K KaKMM -TiM6o

^

^

^

AeMCTBMHM.

HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO Bcer a ecTb neMy noyHMTbcn, noTOMy HTO MMp no-

.

CTOHHHO MeHHeTCH

MATM

Hanepexop

^

PMTMAHOCTM co6cTBeHHoro

3aKocTeHenoro MbimneHMH,

paccTia6nH>i Teno M TIMIJO, Mcnonb3yn Mnncyio noTiyynbiBKy, npMnoAHMMan 6poBM, 3aMeATiHH AWxaHMe M npMHMMan 6onee paccTia6TieHHyio no3y B no

-

CMAH. BHOCMTb He6o;ibmMe M3MeHeHMH B noBeAeHMe MTIM o6pa3 MbmiTieHMH. HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO, He pa36MB HMIJ, OMTieTa He CAenaenib, o6yneHMe Tpe 6yeT pa 3pymeHMH cTapwx npMBbineK MTIM o6pa3a MbicneM. TIOHCeHMM

—

ypoK 11. 06yneHne 0C03HaHH 0CTn: nacTb 1 391

HanoMMHaTb ce6e o TOM, HTO Hanmwe ciuibHbix npeflnoHTeHMM BOBce He wm (JjaTa /mcTMHHoro Mbim /ieHMH. ripaKTMKOBaTb HK)6oBb no OTHOHieHMK) K CBOeMy 3aKOCTeHe/IOMy MbllH/ieHMK) BMecTO ocy cfleHMB MTIM nonbiTOK ero wcnpaBMTb. HanpMMep, IIOBTO^ pHTb ce 6e MO/ina TppDKflbi: fla npedydem c MOUM 3aKocmenenbLM pa3yM 0M noKou, da npe6ydem c HUM dnaeononynue , nycmb c HUM ece 6ydem xopotuo . IIpocTMTb ce6n 3a HajiMHue 3aKOCTeHenoro MbimneHM, o HOBpeMeHHo npuflep^MBancb pemeHMB 6 biTb 6 o/iee OTKpbiTbiM M rn 6KMM.

03HanaeT 3aKpbiTOCTM

^

flpyrae HasbiKu M KOMMeHTapun

392 f/iaBa 5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

PdflMKaJIbHafl OTKpbITOCTb. PdSoHMM J1HCT 1 1 . B Marne HanepeKop cj)aTa^ MCTMHHOMy MbnuneHmo Ular l .OnMinMTe cjioacHyio cMTyaijMK), CBH3aHHyio c npOHBTieHMHMM (jiaTaimCTMHHOrO MbllUJieHMH

.

^eHMe, MMCHM, no6y>KAeHMe K ACMCTBMHM M SMOIJMM BH 3

KaKMe noBe

aMeTMim ?

Illar 2. IIpM3HaMTe

^

HanMHwe 3aKocTeHenoro

.

MbiuijieHiiH

npn noMonjM caMO-

MCCne OBaHMH

OTMeTbTe Bonpocw, KOTopwe noKa3aTiMCb BaM Han6onee none3HbiMM, M 3anMiiiM e BOnpOCbl, KOTOpbie Bbl MCII0IIb30BaiIM.

Te HMHCe CBOM OTBeTbl MTIM Apy

BO3HMKTIO TIM y MCHH omynjeHMe OTCTpaHeHHOCTM MTIM OTKniOHeHMH MUM c aTbcn ? B03HMKTI0 JlM y MeHH HyBCTBO, HTO CO MHOM He CHMTaiOTCH, MeHfl He I eHHT PITIM He OTHOCHTCH KO MHe “ n 0-0 C06 eHH0My”, KOrfla AaiOT o6 paTHyK) CBH3b ? IIpeAnoHMTaio TIM H CKpbiBaTb STM nyBCTBa ? Ebino TIM y MeHn TaMHoe y6e>KAeHMe B TOM, HTO M3MeHMTbCfl AOTDKCH ApyroM nenoBeK , a He H ? Bo3HMKTia TIM y MeHH HaAe^KA ^ Ha TO, HTO TIK)6bie nonbITKM HTO-TO M3MeHMTb noTepn^ T HeyAany, noTOMy HTO TorAa a CMory AOKa3aTb CBOIO npaBOTy B TOM , HTO M 3MeHeHMH HeB03MO>KHbI , nOTOMy HTO BbIXOAa HeT ? Ebino TIM y MeHH CMTibHoe no6y^CACHMe comacMTbCH npocTO paAM TOTO, HTO6bl M36e^CaTb KOH(])IIMKTa, a He noTOMy, HTO H AeMCTBMTeUbHO TaK CHMTaiO ? OaHTa3Mpyio NMHO TOM, HTO npo6neMa Mcne3HeT caMa CO6OM, ecnM H He 6yAy HMnero AenaTb? Bo3HMKaeT TIM y MeHH TaMHoe >KenaHMe HaKa3aTb Apyroro neiioBeKa, Ay^Cb Ha Hero, 6oMKOTMpyn ero MTIM 0TKa 3 biBancb OT O6IACHMH ? fleMCTByio TIM H Tax, 6yATO MHe CAenanM 6oTibHo, paAM Toro, HTO6M npeKpaTMTb o6 paTHyio CBH3b MTIM M 36 e>KaTb Heo 6xoAMMOCTM pemaTb npo6neMbi ?

acenaHMe

^

^

YpoK 11. 06yneHne 0C03HaHH 0CTn : nacib 1 393

flyMaio JIMHO TOM , HTO Bee 6yfleT B nopn Ke, HecMOTpji Ha noBTopfliomMecn coo6m;eHMJi o HanMHMM cepbe 3Hbix npo 6;ieM, Tpe6yioii],Mx BMemaTenbCTBa C MOeM CTOpOHbl ?

^

Illar 3. MflMTe Hanepenop

^

aTanMCTMHHOMy pa3yMy.

OTMeTbTe HaBbiKM, KOTopwe BW npaKTMKOBajm Ha 3Toii Helene.

IIpaKTMKOBaTb OC03HaHHOCTb B OTHOHieHMM Te/ieCHbIX OmymeHMM, CBH3aH Hbix c npoHBneHMHMM 4>aTanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa ( HanpwMep, MbimenHoe Ha npjDKeHMe, oHeMeHMe, ropniijee jmu,o, ynameHHoe cepfli];e6MeHMe), BMCCTO aBTOMaTMHecKoro o6ecijeHMBaHMfl , MrHopMpoBaHMH M;IM OTpm aHMH MX noTeHu,ManbHbix npoflBneHMM. MnrKO HanoMMHaTb ce6e o TOM, HTO (J) aTanMCTMHHoe MbimneHMe STO BW-

^

—

yneHHoe noBefleHMe.

ynbi6 aTbCH, npMnoflHMMaTb 6 poBM M r /iy6oKO AbimaTb, flyMan o npo6neMe, KOTopyio xoneTCH M36e>KaTb npM 4>aTa;iMCTMHHOM MbimneHMM. IloBepHyTbCH TIMIJOM K npo6;ieMe, coxpaHHH 6o/iee OTKpbiToe COCTOAHMC M MHTKOE OTHOineHMe K HenpwHTHbiM omymeHHHM B Tene. HanoMMHaTb ce6e, HTO, oTBepran noMomb oicpyacaiomMx, H ocTaiocb 3a CTpHBIHMM B COCTOHHMM (J)aTa 7IMCTMHHOrO pa3yMa. OrapaTbCH He yMaTb o TOM, HTO H He Mory STO cfle/iaTb vum HTO npo6/ieMa HepemaeMa. HanoMMHaTb ce6 e o TOM, HTO H o6naAaio flocTaTOHHOM KOMneTeHTHOCTbio M HeMano npo6neM y >xe perneHO MHOIO B npoumoM. OTnycTMTb pMrMflHbie y6e>KAeHMH B TOM, HTO MHe cne yeT Bee flenaTb HMH HO. rtOMHMTb O TOM, HTO o6paiIjeHMe 3a nOMOmbK) He TOBOpMT 06 OTCyTCTBMM KOMneTeHTHOCTM. 3a6noKMpoBaTb caMonpeHe6pe>KeHMe MTIM caMOo6BMHeHMe M 3aHHTbCH pemeHMeM npo6neMbi B MaKCMMa /ibHO TM6 KOM MTIM TICTKOM MaHepe. B3HTb Ha ce6n OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, npM3HaB, HTO 3TO MOM Bbl6op fleMCTBOBaTb C n03MLi; MM (J) aTa /IMCTMHHOrO MbinmeHMH, BMeCTO Toro HTO 6 M O 6BM HflTb B (J) aTa 7IMCTMHHOM MbIIIITieHMM OKpy>KaK) mMX MTIM BeCb MMp.

MHTKO

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^

—

394 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flnT

OTnycTMTb >Ke;iaHMe, HTO6H M3MeHM7iCH MMp MHM npo6neMa npocTO Mcne3na caMa no ce6e, a BMCCTO 3Toro ncnaTb cnoco6w n3MeHHTb ce6a. HanepeKop co6 cTBeHHOMy >KenaHnio HaAyTbca, OTCTpamiTbCH, 6on KOTMpOBaTb, Ca6 oTnpOBaTb H7IM OTOMCTHTb M Bbipa3MTb npflMO CBOM COo6pa >KeHnH jjpyroMy ne/iOBeKy n B3HTb Ha ce6a OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a CBOM nyBCTBa. IIpoHCHMTb, HTO MHe Heo6xoflMMO Run pemeHMH npo6neMbi. Onpe ennTb mam, KOTopwe Heo6xo,n;MMO npe npnHHTb flnn pemeHnn npo6/ieMbi. CflenaTb nepBbiw mar Ha nyra pemeHMH npo6neMw M npaicmKOBaTb #e/iaTb O,O; MH mar 3a pa3. IIpOCTMTb ce6fl 3a HaTIMHMe (J>aTa7IMCTMHHOrO MblUI /ieHMfl.

^

Apyrne HaBbiKH M KOMMeHTapun

^

ypoK 12

06yneHne 0 C03HaHH 0CTM: nacTb 2 HaSuxu KeHMH ypOKa 12 1. B PO

RUT

^ CO 6 OM pa

Bbi enHioT

TpM HaBbiKa

oco3HaHHOCTM HTO ,

KOTopwe npefl

-

cnoco6 bi npaKTMKH oco3HaHHOcra: omKpbimoe Ha6nwdeHue, Hecmnoe onucanue n dexmenbHoemb 6e3 n / ianupoeanm. 2 “Cep4>MHr -MeflMTaij;Mfl ” STO npaicmKa oco3HaHHOcm , KOTopaa yHMT He pearwpoBaTb Ha Ka >Kfloe no6y >KfleHMe, MMny/ibc MTIM ^cenaHMe, HanpwMep no6y>KfleHMe MOipaBTIflTb, KOHTpOJIMpOBaTb, OTpHl aTb MTIM H36eraTb. CTaBTiHiOT

3Hbie

.

—

—

^

3. KoHTMHyyM 0C03HaHH0CTM 3TO KmoneBaii npaKTMKa “ wHTerpanbHoro onwcaHHH ” B PO, KOTopyio TaioKe MO>KHO Mcno;ib30BaTb RJIH . npaKTMKM ca MopacKpbiTHH. OHa noMoraeT ynacTHMKaM B3HTb Ha ce 6a OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a CBOM omymeHMH M 3a6noKwpoBaTb npwBbiHHoe ^e/iaHwe onpaB aTbcn MTIM ocyAMTb ce6n, a TaiOKe ynMT pa3/iMHaTb MMCTIM, nyBCTBa, omynjeHMA M o6pa3bi. 3TO KTHOHCBOM cnoco6 o6yHeHMH TOMy, KaK OTKa3aTboi OT npMBbinHoro CaMOo 6BMHeHMH MTIM o6BMHeHMH OKpy>KaK)mMX B CBOMX peaiojMflx. 4. 06yneHMe He3annaHMpoBaHHOM fleflTenbHOCTM 03HanaeT o6yneHMe ynaCTMK) B Co6cTBeHHOM >KM3HM M >KM 3HM COo6llieCTBa C IIOIIHOM CaMOOTfla Hew , OTKa 3aBHmcb OT KOMnynbCMBHoro nnaHMpoBaHMH , PENETMIJMM M / MUM o6ceccMBHOM noTpe6HOCTM c enaTb Bee npaBMTibHO.

^

^

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi • PaaflaTOHHbiM MaTepwan 12.1 , “ HaBbiK « necTHoro onwcaHMH » : KOHTMHyyM 0 C03HaHH0 CTM ”

•

Pa3flaTOHHbiH MaTepnan 12.2, “ OcHOBHbie nono>KeHMfl ypoxa 12.06yneHMe 2. HaBbIKM « HTO »

0C03HaHH 0 CTM: HaCTb

396 f /iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

Pa6oHMM 7IMCT 12.A, “ HaBbIKM «OTKpbITOrO Ha67HOfleHMH » ” Pa6 oHMM TIMCT 12.B, “ BBefleHMe fleHTenbHOCTM 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHMH B npM BblHKy” Pa6oHMM TIMCT 12.B, “TpM HaBbiKa « HTO»: HCBHMK e^ceflHeBHOM npaKTMKM HaBbiKOB «OTKpbiToro Ha6niofleHMH », « HecTHoro onwcaHMB» M « He3anna HMpOBaHHOM ,Zi;eflTe;ibHOCTM » ”

^

MenoBan flocKa M Men wm MapKepHan flooca M MapKepbi

( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) IIpaKTMKa oco3HaHHocTM CeptyuM - nedumcmun nPI/IMEHAHUE flJlfl TPEHEPA. Kawfloe 3aHBTne no PO o6 biMHO HammaeTCB c Henpoflo/i >Kme/ibHOi?i npaKTMKM oco3HaHHOCTM nepefl npoBepKOM AOMaiUHero 3aflaHHB. npMBefleHHaB npaKTMKa cepcjwHr-MeflMTapMM o6 bNHO npoBOflMTCR B Hana /ie 3aHBTHfl, HenocpeflCTBeHHO nepefl npoBepKOM Ha 3HaMeHHoro Ha npow /iOM 3aHBTmi flOMaw Hero 3aflaHHB. Jlepefl Hana /iOM npaKTMKM Ba >KHO npoBecm o6yMeHne npuBefleHHbiM HM >Ke o6B3aTenbHbiM no/io>KeHMBM. Bo/iee Toro, Heo6xoflMMo AOC /IOBHO MmaTb Bc/iyx c xiMCTa nocneflOBaTenbHocTb fleMCTBMM (o6ocHOBaHne npeflcraB/ieHO B pa 3fle/ie ma Bbl 4, "flonO/lHl/!TeJlbHbie MHCTpyKLJMM no MCn 0Jlb30 BaHMK> pyKOBOflCTBa").

•

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IIo onpedeneHUW 7iwdti c FK Macmepa cdepMuoawu eeo Koumponn. OHM OTTIMHHO yMeiOT OTKnaflbiBaTb B03Harpa >KfleHMe, c epncMBaTb npoHBTieHMH 3M0 LJMM, no6y>KfteHMH K fleMCTBMHM M /IM no6y>KfleHMH noeCTb, a TaKnce KOHTpo/mpoBaTb Bbipa >KeHMe JiMija M MoryT 6 biTb MCK /noHMTe /ibHO HaCTOMHMBbIMM

• •

.

CKaaoue: Cezodmi M M 6ydeM npaKmuKooamh oco3 HaHHOcmo Ha ocnooe eauieu npeoocxodno pa36 umou cnocodnocmu K cdepMueawtqeMy KOH mpomoy dma npanmuKa Ha3 M 6 aemcH cep( fjuHe-Medumau,ueu CepKM3HM B COOTBCTCTBMM C CO6-

—

.

CTBeHHblMM IjeHHOCTHMM

•

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npaKtnuica cep( fiuH 3-Medumau,uu ucno7ih3ywm nunomm ucmpe6umejieuy Koeda ynamcn cnpaonnnuycsi c nepeepy3 KaMu na 6om>iuou cKopocmu u OMCOme. riMTIOTbl- HOBMHKH HaCTO MOIblTblBaiOT TOIHHOTy M n 03bIBbI K pBO Te, HO ec/iM no flaTbCH 3T0My MMnynbcy, TO pBOTHbie Maccbi 3a 6 bi0T KMCTIO poAHyio MacKy, Heo6xoflMMyio RJIR BbDKMBaHMn Ha 6o/ibiHMX BbicoTax. Mx ynaT oco3HaHHO HaBnioflaTb 3a omymeHMeM TomHOTbi M ronoBOKpynceHMB, B3flyTMeM >KMBOTa M n 03bIBaMM K pBOTe npOCTO KaK 3a OmymeHMHMM , a He BocnpMHMMaTb MX KaK KpM3MC, Tpe 6yK) m;MM HeMeflneHHoro BMemaTenb -

^

ypoK 12. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacib 2 397 CTBa, MTIM KaK

“ no

TiMHHoe” omymeHiie OTpaBTieHMA , Tpe 6yK> nj,ero

HeMefln T.fl. OHM ynaTCH npocro Ha6niOAaTb 3a CBOMMM omymeHMHMM M noHMMaTb MX npexoflHmyio npn pofly: omymeHwe ToniHOTbi npnxoAMT M yxo MT, noc /ie nero OHO MonceT BepHyTbai noa Hee, HO OHO Bcer a yxo MT caMO no ce 6e. Co BpeMeHeM 3TM omynjeHnn nepecTaiOT BOcnpnHMMaTboi KaK CWRAAJI O TOM, HTO HTO -TO norn /io He TaK, nnn o npn 6;in >KaK)iii encH onacHOCTM . ToniHOTa He Mcne3aeT noTiHOCTbio, HO no Mepe npaKTMKM OTHomeHMe nMnoTOB K omymeHMio ToniHOTbi MeHneTCH, OHa CTaHOBMTCH Bcero /iMHib HenpMHTHbiM omynje HMeM M He 6 onee Toro. PeaKUMH Ha STO omynjeHne ( T.e. pBOTa ) He TonbKo onacHa, HO M yBennnnBaeT BepoHTHOCTb Toro, HTO omymeHne TOIHHOTM BHOBB noBTOpMTCH BO BpeMfl c/ieftyiomero no/ieTa ( B cnynae, earn nn /iOT Bbi cMBeT ) . TOHHO TaK cep 4)MHr- MeflnTau; nfl Mcnonb3yeTCH npn pa6 oTe c

^

neHHO M36 aBMTbCH OT coAep>KMMoro >Keny Ka

^

^

^

^

^

1

^

mnpoKMM cneKTpoM HenpMHTHbix, HO He onacHbix TenecHbix omymeHMM ( HanpMMep, npn MopcKon 6o/ie3HM, OTKa3e OT KypeHMH n /in npn noflaBneHMM )KenaHMM nonecaTb KO>KHbie BbicbinaHnn )

S CnpocnTe: KaK

.

cumyat unx Moxcem npueodumb CK naeuK cep um -MedumavifUU ? IloMornTe ynacTHMKaM npnflyMaTb pa 3Hbie BapnaHTbi M MFLEN RJIK o6cy>KAeHMfl Ha ocHOBe MX co 6cTBeHHoro onbiTa ( HanpMMep, no6y >K ,aleHne BbiKypMTb CMrapeTy nocne Toro, KaK peuiMHM 6 pocMTb KypMTb; >Ke /iaHne nocMmanMTb ApyrnM BOflMTe/iHM,

eu CHumaeme, 6 KaKux

^

^

npo6Ke; }KenaHMe cpa3y >Ke HanncaTb 3no6 HbiM OTBCT Ha 3/ieKTpoHHoe nncbMo; no6y >KfleHMe ecTb C /IMHIKOM MHoro M /IM C /IMIH KOM Mano ). TpeHepy cneflyeT caejiaTb aKijeHT Ha TOM, HTO 3aftana cepKfleHMM MTIM MMny7IbCOB ( HeB03MOHCHan 3a ,n;aHa ) , a B TOM , HTO6M noHHTb, HTO He Ha Bee xcenaHMH , nodyacfleHMH MTIM MMnynbcw HeodxoduMO peaaupoeamb HaxoflHCb B

.

HanHMTe npaKTMKy c HOCTM H,eMCTBMM .

HTCHMH Bcnyx

npMBe/ eHHOH Hiince nocneflOBaTejib-

^

(

KaK Mbl TO/lbKO HTO 06cyflMJlM, CerOflHB BO BpeMB npaKTHKM 0 C03HaHH0CTM 6yfleM yMMTbCB 3aMenaTb no6y>KfleHMH M He peampoBaTb Ha HMX, ec/iM HaM n3BecTH 0, HTO peaKLjMfl B flaHHOM aiynae To/ibKo Bbi30 BeT npo6neMbi. 3ia npaKTHKa M 3BecTHa nofl Ha 3BaHneM "cepc|) MHr-MeflMTauMfl"; OHa noMoraeT jiymue oco3HaBaTb co6dBeHHbie noGy^fleHHB, npeflcraB/iBB MX B BMfle BOBH M /IM o6naKOB, KOTOpbie npMXOflBT M yXOflflT. 3ia npaKTMKa TaK >Ke yHMT BOCnpMHMMaTb pa 3Hbie no6y >KAeHMB KaK M 3MeHHMBbie omymeHMB, a ne KaK o6fl 3aieBbHbie ABB BbinoBHeHMB KOMaHflbi. MHorMe MoryT BcnoMHMTb CMiyai MM, B KOTopbix He peam poBa /iM Ha no6y>KfleHMB, HanpMMep Korfla 6 poca /iM KypMTb MBM cflep>KMBanMCb, Mbi

^

398

[ jiaBa

5. n/iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

. CeroAHnwHAfl npaKTMKa HanpaB/ie-

MTo6bi He pacMecaTb Mecio yKyca KOMapa

pa3Bmne 3TMX HaBbiKOB. fl/iB Hanana a xony, HTO6W Bbi 3aHB/iM y,qo6Hoe nOJIOKeHHe, KOTOpOe n03B0J1MT BaM COXpaHBTb KOHI4eHTpai4 MK) BHMM3HMH, M HaMa/lH 0C03HaHH0 C /ieflHTb 3a flbIXaHHeM, HT06bl COCpeflOTOMMTbCB Ha HaCTOBLqeM. OTMeMai/ITe Ka>KflblM BflOX M BblflOX, He nbITaBCb M3MeHMTb TeMn MJ1M my6nHy flbixaHMB; npocro npMcyTCTByMTe Ha BceM npoTaweHMM Kawfloro Bfloxa M xa>Kfloro Bbifloxa. [He6o/ ibLucw nay30.] Tenepb nocrapaMTecb xax MO>KHO 6o/iee no/iHO cocpeflOTOMMTbCB Ha JIK)6OM noGy^fleHMM, KOTopoe B03HHKHeT y Bac BO BPEMB npaKTi/iKH oco3HaHHoro flbixaHHH. HanpuiMep, 3TO MoweT 6biTb >Ke/iaHne noflBHraibCB, nonecaTboi MJIM fla>xe 3axMXMKaTb. MaKCMMa/ibHO BHMMaTe/ibHO Ha 6/iK)AaHTe 3a 3TMMM no6y>KAeHMflMM, HO He noAAaBaMTecb MM — He nbuawTecb H36aBHTbCfl OT HMX, npodo no3BO/ibTe MM OTKaTMTbCfl, Kax BO/iHe, M/iM y/ieTeTb, Kax o6/iaKy, noMHn o TOM, HTO 3TO npexoAfliAne omymeHMfl, He Tpe6yiOLAMe HeMefl/ieHHOM peaKl MM. EC/1M Bbl 3aMeTMJlM, HTO OTBfieKaeTeCb, OTMeTbTe 3TO M 6e3 caMOHapeKaHMM MBTKO BepHMTe BHMMaHMe K omymeHMio co6cTBeHHoro AbIXaHMB M 0C03HaHMK) no6y>KfleHMM, KOTOpbie MOryT B03HMK3Tb. flo6y>KfleHMB MoryT 6biTb caMbiMM pa3HbiMM. HanpMMep, Bbi MO>xeTe 3aMeTMTb no6y>KfleHMe npeKpaTMTb npaKTMKy, >xe/iaHMe 3acHyTb, noflyMaTb o neM-TO nocTOpOHHeM... Bbl MO>KeTe 33 MeTMTb no6y>KfleHMe BCTaTb M BbIMTM M3 KOMHdTbl... /lK)6orO pOfla OLUyiAeHMB, KOTOpbie MoryT B 03HMKHyTb BO BpeMfl npaKTMKM... BKJlIOHaB Hecnoco6HOCTb 33MeTMTb KaKMe-/iM6o no6y>KfleHMFi Boo6me. B /IIO6OM c/iynae ceroAHflWHBfl npaKTMKa HanpaB/ieHa Ha y/iyHLueHMB HaBbiKa 3aMenaTb no6y>KAeHMfl, BMeCTO Toro HT06bl aBTOM3TMHeCKM pearMpOBaTb Ha HMX... npOCTO Ha 6 K)AaTb ^ 3a HMMM, KaK 3a BOJIHaMM M/IM 06/iaKaMM, a 3aTeM 0C03HaHH0 B03BpaiAaTbCB K AbixaHMio. [ Hedonbuaan noy3a.] HaKOHeL4, ec/iM y Bac BO3HMKJIO no6y>KAeHMe, Ha KOTopoe Bbi peiuMJiM cpearMpoBaTb... Ae/iaMTe 3TO oco3HaHHO. Tenepb AaBaMTe HeCKOJlbKO MMHyT 6yAeM B TMLUMHe npaKTMKOBaTb CepC MHr-MeAMTaMMK), OTCJie>KMB3B CBOM no6y>KAeHMfl M nOHMMafl, HTO 3TO nOMO>KeT HayHMTbCB He pearapoBaTb Ha Ka>KAbiM MMny/ibc MJIM >KenaHMe, KOTopoe B03HMKaeT y Hac nocTOBHHo. Ha Ha

^

^

Il03B07IbTe ynaCTHHKaM

npOAOJDKMTb npaKTMKy B TMIIIMHe Ha npOTJDKe-

, a 3aTeM 3aBepniMTe ee.

-

HM Tpex neTbipex MMHyT

IIpoBeAMTe o6cyMCAeHMe c ynacTHPiKaMM 3 aHHTMfl, a TaioKe Aono/mHTe/ibo6yneHMe npw Heo6xoAMMocTM. Bocnonb3ywTecb ATIA BTOTO npwBeAeHHMMM HM ce BonpocaMH M no/ioAceHMHMii o6yMeHMH. ^

Hoe

S

CnpocHTe: Hmo eu 3 aMemunu ? KCIKOZO poda no6yMdenm y eac 603 HUK CMOZJIU nu 6 bi oco3 HaHHO 3a HUMU Ha6nwdamb ? S CnpocMTe: Earn y eac nonyuunocb conpomuenxmbcx no6ywdeHUXM, nmo npoucxoduno c HUMU CO epeueHeu? • Ecnu ua nodyMdenux He peaeupoeantb HeuebneHHO ( nanpuMep, He necamt Mecmo yicyca HacenoMozo ), nau e ecezo unmeHcueHocmb outyu eJIU ?

)

^

^

ypoK 12 . 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH 0CTn: nacTb 2 399 HUU

cnuncaemcx. Bee >Ke no 6y^cfleHMH He MCHe3aiOT cpa3y >Ke, KaK TOTibKo

BH peniMTiM He pearnpoBaTb Ha HMX.

CnpocnTe: Kmo- nu6ydb 3auemun nenmo nododnoe eo speux ceeodumu neu npaKmuKu? • HmnepecHO, nmo eenu unduoud peaeupyem na no6yncdenue, noeda ezo UH mencuoHocmb sbicoxa ( nanpuMep, evi 6onbiue ne Monceme mepnemb u na HUHaeme necamb Mecmo yicyca! ), mo ezo M 032 ynumbex momy, nmo cumHbie nodynedenux ( nanpuMep, otuymeHue 3yda ) 6ydym 6 KOHUje KOHUIO6 ydoonemeopenbi, earn momno nodonedamb! B pe3y/ibTaTe BaM 6ytjeT CTIO>K Hee cflep aTbCH npw noBTopHOM BOSHMKHOBCHMM noAo6 Horo no6y>KfleHMfl. ^ • B umoeepeaKUfUH ua nodynebenue ( nanpumep, obircypumb cueapemy ) yeenuHueaem oepoxmnocmb noomopnou peant uu 6 6ybyw,eM • Bee no6yncdenux npexodxu u no cooeu npupode . • Xopotuax uoeocmv 3aK7iwnaemcx 6 moM , nmo npu nocmoxHHOM noemopenuu ( m e npu co3 HamemHOM omxa3e peaeupooamb ua nodynedenue ) coomoemcmoywuifUe outyu enux emanoexmex nocmeneHHo Menee UH meHCUOHbiMU Bam M03r yHMTbcn TOMy, HTO, HanpuMep, nyBCTBO TOIUHO TH MTIM B3flyTMH >KMBOTa nocne eflbi He HBTiHeTCH KpMTMHHbiM. >KeTiaHMe eme pa3 npoBepMTb, 3anepTbi TIM flBepn, CTaHOBMTcn npocTO eme O#HMM omymeHMeM; no6y>KfleHMe HTO -TO McnpaBMTb MTIM npoBepMTb y >xe He HBNNETCH o 6fl3aTeTibHbiM K McnojiHeHMio ; a cenaHMe BbiKypMTb cnrapeTy B ^ KOHIJ;e KOHIJOB npoMfleT. • TepneHue noMoeaem doncdambcx yxoda nonmu nwdbix nodynedenuu, 3a KomopbiMU ebi Hadnwdaeme BcnoMHume nunomoo coepxcKopocmnbix ucmpe6umeneu! S

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^

.

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe odyneHMH HaSux oco3 HdHHOcmu “ Hmo” : omnpumoe HafiAwdenue • OmKpbimoe HadxwbeHue, m.e. Hadxwdenue 6 cocmoxnuu omKpbimocmu, 03 Hanaem eHUMamemnoe omHomeHue KO oceMy npoucxodxu eMy e naemoxu uu MOMenm, dance earn amo npoooufupyem cmpecc. ^ ^ • OHO npednonaeaem oco3 Hanue Ha ypoone owytqeHUx 6e3 onucanux (Ha-

•

npMMep, BMdjepanbHoe oco3HaHMe TenecHbix omymeHMM, 3MOU;MM , MMC new, no6y^CAeHMM, o6 pa30B, 3ByK0B, TeKCTyp M 3anaxoB). Anm oco3 HaHHoeo Hadnwbenux u3Menxem odbeicm Ha6nwdeHux, a 3 nanum, u3Menxem u camu ou yu eHux , flaace npn Ha6TH0£eHMM 3a caMOHa67iiofleHMeM. HanpMMep, raeB, 3a KOTopbiM oco3HaHHO Ha6TH0flai0T, Kane-

^ ^

400 f /iaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT CTBeHHO OTTIMHaeTCH OT TOrO THeBa, KOTOpblM

6e3flyMHO BbinneCKMBaeTOI

BOBHe.

• OmKpmmocttib eo epeux uadmodenux

03 Hcmaem

npu3uauue uexcena -

euecmo npuebiHHOu nonumKU ypezynupoeamb cumyau,uw unu nonbimamb cx ee U 36encamv . " 3TO Ha6niofleHMe 6e3 KjiaccM(})MKai]; MM cMTyaijMM M /IM onbiTa B KanecTBe xopomero MIM n /ioxoro. , " 3TO Ha6nio a;eHMe 6e3 npep;no7io>KeHMM o TOM, HTO o 6 beKT Ha6nioAeHMH npeflCTaB/ineT CO6 OM npoflBneHMe MCTMHBI MTIM peanbHOcm. mo nepemu maz ua nymu odynenux uoeoMy, nomoMy nmo amo cnocod 3 0 Ka3ambcx maMy zde npoxodum zpauut a uauiezo nunuozo He3uanux . memjHMX

3Mou,uu unu co6bimuu c ucKpenueu nw6o3 HamenbHocmbw

1

•

^

npMMepbl npaiCTMKM “ OTKpblTOTO Ha6 AK>AeHM5l ” npM CKAOHHOCTM K TK • rioM MTe B My3eii McnyccTBa M nonpaKTMKyMTe Ha6niofteHMe 3a pa3Hbi^ MM KapTMHaMH c 6;iM3Koro paccTOHHMH M M3fta;iM. Hmo 6 bi saMeHaeme? 06pam;aMTe

BHMMaHMH Ha CBOM npeflnoHTeHMa M Ha TO, HacKonbKO OHM

3aBMCHT OT CTMTIfl aBTOpa.

• npaKTmcyMTe Ha6;iiofleHMe 3a CBOMM COCTOHHMCM, Kor HOBOMy onwTy M Korfla 3aKpbiTbi . dmuMU

B

a OTKpbiTbi ^pa 3 nuu, a Mewdy BW

neM 3 aKnwnaemcx

deyMH cocmoxnuxMU ?

• Oco3HaHHO Ha6jiioftaMTe 3a MHCHHMM, o6pa3aMn ( HanpMMep, BOCIIOMMHaHMMM ) , 3MOIJMHMM M OHjymeHMHMM , KOTOpbie B 03HMKai0T y Bac, KOr< > OKycM fla BW c JOKyciipoBaHbi Ha eTannx. IIoBTopMTe STO, Kor a BW c| poBaHbi B 6 onbmew Mepe Ha o6ujeM KapTMHe. Ecmb nu pa 3uuu,a Mencdy

amuMU

•

^deyMX

^

^

cocmoxnuxMU ?

Ha6nioflaMTe 3a TCM, KaK

o6meM CO 6MTMM. Ha -

Barna KOHijeHTpaijmi Ha fteTajinx M;IM

KapTMHe BTiMHeT Ha same BoenpMHTMe H npuMep, CKHOHHbi nu eu ucnonb3oeamb 6onee

MHTepnpeTaijMK)

unu

Meuee SMOU uouanbUbie

^

ctyoKycupoeauu na demanxx? B 6onbiueu unu Menbtueu cmenenu eu CKnonnu euuocumb cyncdeuux, Kozda cfyoKycupoeauu na de Bbipancenux, Kozda

manxx? Bbi 6onee unu Meuee 3Mou,uouanbHbi , Kozda CKXOHHU eudemb 6onee o6tuiyio Kapmuny? • IIonbiTaMTecb 3aMenaTb jiec, a He OT eJibHbie flepeBbH . • OrapaBbTecb B napK MUM Toprosbiii ijeHTp M oco3HaHHo noHa6nionaMTe 3a BblpanceHMHMM JIMIJ , HCeCTaMM , RBMXCeHMHMM , TOHOM TOJIOCa, CKOpO-

^

(

YpoK 12. OSyneHMe oco3HaHHOdn: nacTb 2 401 CTbio

penw

OKpyacaiomiix M 3a ApyrMMM npOHBJieHMHMPi

,

HMH B aHanM3 Toro HTO BW

-

6e3 norpyace-

. 06pam,aMTe BHMMaHwe Ha TMEL >Ke-

BMflMTe

CTOB, Bbipa>KeHMii imu, M ABJ DKeHMM , KOTOpbM npOHBHHIOT TIIOflM BO BpeMH o6meHMH. Ha6nio nIaMTe 3a TeM, KaKwe npoHB/ieHMH npMBOAflT K coKpameHMK) flMCTaHI MM MOKAy THOflbMM M7IM npMKOCHOBeHMHM, a KaKMe K yBeTIMHeHMIO flMCTaHI MM, OTBefleHMK) B3I7IHAa M pa 3pbIBy KOHTaKTa. (

^

• •

—

^

Oco3HaHHO Ha6;iiOAaHTe 3a TeM, KaK TOH Barnero ronoca BJIMHCT Ha npoHexoAHmee c saMM. Bo BpeMH o6meHMH c jiioffbMM oco 3HaHHo Ha6;uoAaMTe 3a TeM, KaK npnno HHMaHne 6poBew n yjibrfKa BJIMHIOT Ha same B3aiiMOAeMCTBiie c

^

HHMM.

• •

Bo BpeMH o6meHMH C JHO bMM 0 C03HaHH 0 Ha67IK)AaMTe 3a TeM, KTO 6 oJlbrne roBOpMT. Ha6nK)flaMTe, HTO npoiicxoAMT, Kor a Bbi nocTynaeTe He Tax, KaK npwBbiK /m ( T.e. 6o;ibme roBOpMTe HRH 6o/ibme cnymaeTe ) . Ha6fliOAaMTe 3a TeM, HTO npowcxo MT, Kor a BW flejiaeTe nay3y, OTAM xaeTe M B 03Harpa>KAaeTe ce6n, HanpwMep npeAOCTaB/meTe ce6e BO3MO>K HocTb ycecTbCH yflo6Hee B Kpec/io c Hecepbe3How KHMroii , BbinMTb 6 oKa /i BMHa, cbecTb nnwTKy nio6MMoro moKona a, HecneuiHO npMHATb ropAHyio BaHHy c apoMaranecKHMM CBenaMM, no peMaTb nocpeflH AHA , noc/iymaTb AK) 6MMyK) My3bIKy, HaCHaflMTbCA /IK) 6MMbIM HanMTKOM, nOCMOTpeTb mo 6MMoe Te/ieBM3MOHHoe moy, noHa6moflaTb 3a 3aKaTOM B co 6cTBeHHOM ca y

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

HRM napKe.

• Bo BpeMH o6lH,eHMH C jnOflbMM 0C03HHHH0 Ha6;iIOAaMTe 3a TeM, HTO npoa BW MHTKO M npMBeTJiMBO yjibi6aeTecb M cnerKa nppmoA 6posM. npaKTMKywTe Ha6niOAeHMe 3a TenecHbiMM omymeHMHMM , KOTopwe MOryT 6biTb CBH3aHHbiMM c 3MOI HHMH , HanpMMep BHe3anHoe omymeHMe Mcxo MT, Kor

^

HHMaeTe

•

^

Acapa MTIM noTOOTAeneHMe.

•

^

npaKTiiKyiiTe cep< j>MHr-MeAHTaijMK),

Ha6/noAaH 3a

no6y>KAeHMHMM,

MM-

ace/iaHMio cpeampoBaTb Ha HMX. Kor a B03HMKaeT Tanoe no6y>KAeHJie, Ha6/noAaMTe 3a HUM M, BMCCTO Toro HTO6H aBTOMaTMHecKM peampoBaTb, nepeK /noHMTe co3HaHwe Ha HTO -TO APYROE. IIpoAO/DKaMTe oco3HaBaTb no6y>KAeHMe, HO He noAAaBaiiTecb eMy. IIoBTopAMTe 3Ty npaKTMKy nacTO H Ha6nioAaMTe 3a TeM, KaK nocreneHHO 6yAeT M3MeHATbCH Barne OTHonieHwe K aTOMy no6y>KAeHmo ( HanpMMep, npaKTMKyMTe Ha6/iK)AeHMe 3a OAHHM TwnoM no6y>KAeHMM HecKOTibKO HeAe/ib noApHA). Hn >Ke npwBeAeHbi BapnaHTbi no6y>KAeHMM H MMnynbcoB, xapaK TepHbix AHH nioAeM c TK . Bbi6epnTe OAMH M npMCTynaMTe K npaKTMKe! nynbcaMM H AcenaHMHMM M He noAflaBancb

^

402 f /iaBa 5 .

n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

• IIo6y>KfleHHe npoBepMTb MJIM ncnpaBMTb. Ha6nioflaMTe 3a TeM, HTO npoM30 M,n;eT, ecuM BBI He 6y,o;eTe cpa3y >xe nbiTaTbCH McnpaBMTb wm npoKOHTponpipoBaTb CMTyai MK).

• IIo6y)KfteHife yiiTM

OT

^

KOHcJmnKTa. OBpanjaMTe BHMMaHMe Ha no6y-

^cfleHne ywTM B cMTyaijMnx, Kor,n;a BbicKa3WBaiOTCH pa3Hbie TOHKM 3peHMB; BMecTO aToro npMHMMawTe aKTMBHoe ynacTMe B o6cy>KfleHMM. Bocpa6oHMM JIMCTOM 1.B, TM6KMM pa3yM, HeCOMHeHHo: Tpw rnara K >KM3HM C paflMKanbHOM oTKpbrrocTbio”, HTO6M BaM 6 bmo nponje

nonb3yMTecb

.

COXpaHHTb aKTMBHOCTb

HasecTii nopn oK MJIM y6paTbca. OBpanjaMTe BHMMa no6y>K ,zjeHMfl M co3HaTenbHO BbiBupawTe He HaBOflMTb nopn -

• IIo6y»CAeHHe HMe Ha STM

^

flOK M He y6wpaTbCH; BMCCTO STOTO nepeKjnoHMTecb Ha HTO-TO npMHTHoe MTIM OTBnexaiomee M noBTopHMTe 3TO, KaK TOTibKo Barne co3HaHne 6yn;eT BHOBb B03BpaUj;aTbCH K MbICTIHM O Heo6xOflMMOCTM 3aHHTbCfl y6 opKOM. Iloc/ie Toro KaK MHTeHCMBHocTb >Ke/iaHMH HaBecTM nopnflOK cna / jeT, MCno7ib3yMTe m6KMM pa 3yM, HTO6M oqeHMTb peanbHyio Heo 6xoAMMOCTb B yBopne. Y6eAMTecb B TOM, HTO BM He npMCTynaeTe K y6opxe, Kor a CM /ia no6y>K ii;eHMH BenMKa, noTOMy HTO 3TO TonbKO yxpenMT no6y >KfleHMe

^

(

( M OT 3TOM npMBbIHKM 6yfleT CHO)KHee M36 aBMTbCH ).

•

no6y^c,neHMe ncnpaBMTb, cflenaTb jiynine MJIM cxasaTb apyroMy Bexy, HTO M Kax eMy HCO6XOJI;MMO flejiaTb. HanpMMep, Kor,n;a BM e eTe ^ nejio

B ManiMHe

co

CBOMM CMHOM, Ha

6 jno,n;aMTe 3a

CBOMMM

noBy

eHMHMM

^

HayHMTb ero jiynine BOflMTb ManiMHy; HMTan coce CKoe o6'bHB7ieHne, Ha -

^

BmoflanTe 3a CBOMM no6y>KfleHneM McnpaBMTb rpaMMaTMnecKMe M op-

4>orpa } MHecKMe OHIM6KM. BMCCTO TOTO HTO6M no npMBbiHKe nojmaTb()

CH

CBoeMy

noBy^cfleHMio, nepeKjnoHMTecb Ha HTO-TO HenTpa /ibHoe MJIM

npMBTHoe ( HanpMMep,

o6 pamanTe BHMMaHMe Ha npMHTHbie pMcyHKM B 06'bHBneHMHx, Ha6nioAaMTe 3a flbixaHneM, flyManTe o TOM, HTO Bbi XOTM Te npMroTOBMTb Ha y CMH ) MJIM , ecTiM cMTyaij MH no3BonneT, nonpocMTe ^ Apyroro nenoBeKa noflejiMTbcn CBOMM MHCHMCM. )K ,n;nTe, noKa Barne no6y>KfleHne nonHocTbio Mcne3HeT ( Ha 3TO MO^CCT ynrn HecKO/ibKO MM HyT ), npeacfle neM onpe enMTbCH co cBoen peaKijnen. ]Ipn6erHMTe K ^ caMOMccneflOBaHMK) M npM30BMTe TM6KMM pa3yM Ha noMomb RJW onpeToro, HacKOJibKO 3(J)( j) eKTnBHbiM 6y eT cTie OBaHMe CBoeMy no^ByeneHMH ^ eHMio B 3TOM c/iynae. IIoMHMTe o TOM, HTO McnpaB/ieHMe OUIM6OK ^ M BbicKa3HBaHMe co6cTBeHHoro MHeHMH Bcer a MO>KeT noflo aTb, HO ^ ; nocne HMHero He ib3H 6y eT M3MCHMTB. Ha6nioflaMTe 3a TeM, KaK 3Ta ^ npaKTMKa co BpeMeHeM 6y,o;eT B /iMHTb Ha BaniM OTHomeHMH. CnpocM Te: Tlo3 umu6 HO unu Heeamueno CKa3anucb na omHomeHunx MOU ycunux

^

^

^

ypcw 12. 06yHeHkie 0C03HaHH 0CTm nacTb 2 403 ucnpaenxmb OKpyncaww,ux u pence eucKa3 bieamb ceoe Mnenue? Hmo omo Moncem 03 Hcmamb? Plcnonb3yMTe TaKTMKM M3 pa6onero NMCTa l .B, TM6KMM pa3yM, HeCOMHeHHo: TpM mara K >KM3HM C paflMKanbHOM OTKpbITOCTbK)”, flTIH ynpomeHMH 3aflaHM. IIo6yHCffeHMe H3MeHHTb TeMy pa3rosopa, Koraa BaM He HpaBHTCH TO, o neM H eT penb IIpaKTMKyMTe HaBmofleHMe 3a STMM no6y>KfleHMeM M npo o/DKaMTe BCCTM 6ece# y B TOM >Ke pycne. Plcnonb3yMTe caMOMC c/ieflOBaHMe RJIX 6o/iee r/iy6oKoro noHMMaHMJi cBoew He/no6 BM K TeMe pa3roBopa, cnpaniMBaH ce6a : HeMy une, 603MOMHO, cnedoeano 6u na ynumbcx? BMCCTO npMBbiHHoro OBBMHCHMH oKpyMcaiomMx M /IM yKTiOHe HMJI OT pa 3roBopa. IIo6y>K3eHMe nepeflejiaTb 3a KOTO-TO pa6oTy ( HanpMMep, paccraBMTb nocy y B nocyflOMOMKe MHane, noTOMy HTO OHa paccTaBneHa He no BaiiiMM CTaHAapTaM, M /IM nepeimcaTb penb fl/in pa6onero coBpaHwa ) . Ha67no,n;aMTe 3a no6y>KfleHMeM M npoBepbTe, cKo/ibKo BpeMeHM noHaAO6MTCH Ha TO, HTO6M OHO MCHe3/io caMO no ce6e. Ha6/noflaMTe 3a TeM, HTO Bbi ,u;enaeTe M /IM O neM flyMaeTe, HTO6H ycM /iMTb STO noBy eHMe. IIpM6 eraMTe K caMOMCC/ieflOBaHMio fl/ui yr/iy6/ieHMH npaKTMKM, Hanpn Mep cnpocMTe ce6n: Kax nepedenueanue padombi 3a dpyeuMU Moncem noenuxmb na natuu orrmovuenux? Hmo maxoeo cmpaumoeo Moncem cny nurnbcx , earn x ne nepedenaw amy padomy? Heuy une, 603M 0ncH 0 , cnedoeano 6bi naynumbcx? IIo6y>KfleHiie nepenpoBepMTb ( HanpMMep, 3aKpbiTbi /IM flBepn, BM K /noneH /in CBCT, BbiMbiTbi JIM pyKn ). IIpaKTnKynTe BOcnpMHTiie no6y>KAeHMM n Mbic/ien , CBH3aHHbix c nepenpoBepnioinnM noBefleHneM, 3TO He KpMTMHHaH nOTpe6 HOCTb: /IMIIIb KaK 6 one3HeHHbIM OnbIT, , B HMKTO He yMep M3 3a TOTO HTO flecflTbiM pa3 HTO-TO He nepenpoBe pn /i, STO Bcero 7muib Mbicnn, omymeHMH, npeflCTaB/ieHnn M 3MOU, nn , KOTopbie noflKpenninoTCH Kancflbin pa3, Kor a Bbi no AaeTecb cBoeMy ^cenaHMio nepenpoBepMTb. Bbi6epwTe OAHO M3 noflo6Hbix no6y>iqjeHMM n npaKTMKyHTe HaB/iiofleHMe 3a npnBbiHHbiMM peaKijn /iMn. Bbifle/inTe ce6e HecKO/ibKO He e/ib M /IM fla^ce MeanjeB Ha ocBoeHne HOBOM (fiopMbi noBeAeHMH. IIoMHMTe, HTO noBTopniomnecfl BpeMH OT BpeMeHM noflicpeimeimx (T.e. ec/in Bbi MHorfla noflflaeTecb CBoeMy no6y>KfleHnio) TonbKO yC/IO>KHflIOT M36aBneHMe OT STOW npMBbIHKM ( nOMHHTe, HTO OTKa3aTbCH OT npMBbiHKM nepenpoBepMTb Tax >Ke CHO>KHO, Kan n 6pocwTb KypiiTb, ec/iM He oiomiee). IIo6y}K n;eHMe pacnycnaTb cnyxn o conepHMKe. IIpaKTMKyMTe Ha6nio fleHMe 3a no6y >KfleHMflMM cpaBHMBaTb CBOM flocTMMceHMH c TeM , Hero Menbiue

•

^

^

•

.

^

^

•

—

—

^

^

•

1

^

404 l /iaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT , pacnycKaTb c iyxM M IM J aHTa3MpoBaTb o Heyflane ^pyrwe , BMCCTO Toro HTO6M no flaBaTbc 3TMM no 6y> ; ^ , cnedo 6 u une ce : 6 caMOMcc OBaHMe n Heuy cnpaniMBan npaKTMKyMTe eano naynumbcx 6 amou ^cumyav uu? /

HOCTMITIM

/

()

conepHMKOB.

iq] eHMflM

/i

-

/ie

^

• Ilo6y>KfleHife orpaHMHMTb ce6n B ejje M /IM BbipBaTb cbefleimoe ( M e^ a /ibHo no xoflHT A; JIX K /iMeHTOB c HepBHOM aHopeKCMeM ). Ha6nioAaM Te 3a no6y >K n;eHMflMii orpaHMHMTb ce 6n B e#e, SMOIJMHMM ( HanppiMep, OTBpameHMeM, CTpaXOM, 37IOCTbK> ) , OmymeHMeM B3flyTMfl M TOIHHOTbl M / M /IM 3a KaTacTpo (J)MHHbiMM MMC/IHMM ( HanpMMep, 3mo yncacno , Mem npocmo pa3dyem , Mne neodxoduMO omcioda ebi6pambcx ), KOTopwe BO3HMKaiOT BO BpeMH eflbi M /IM cpa3y >Ke noc/ie npMeMa nMiijM . npaKTMKyM Te MX BoenpMHTMe Kax Bcero /iMinb MMC/IM, SMOLJMM M /IM omymeHMH,

^

(

a He MCTMHy B nOCne HeM MHCTaHI MM, npo6/ieMy, Tpe6yiomyK) pemeHMH .

^

^

pyKOBOflCTBO K fleMCTBMK) M /IM

( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe o 6 yneHMH Hecmnoe onucanue • Hecmnoe onucanue onto naernK oco3nannocmu PO “ Hmo”. On nped -

—

•

•

cmaenxem co6ou yuenue odnenamb 6 cnoea mo, 3a WM Mm nadmodaeM , denax smo co cMupenuem. Moncno onucmeamb monbKO mo, 3a nem em nenocpedcmoenno na6mo-

.

danu B naomne “necmnoeo onucanux” oco6mu ant enm denaemcx na 3nane nuu naornna na3meamb Mmcnu u nyecmea nan eceeo numb umcnu u nyecmea 3mo Menmanbnme co6mmux ne 6onbme u ne Menbtue. OHM He

—

.

HB /IHIOTCfl

eM

•

-

^

BpO fleHHblMM KaHeCTBaMM , MCTMHHOM M /IM TOHHbIM OTpa )KeHM -

^

pea /ibHOCTM.

B PO ffllT npanmuna “necmnoeo onucanux” ocnoemeaemcx na mpex Kmoneomx npunu,unax. 1. “Mm euduM Mup ne manuM , KUKUM on ecmb, a maicuM , KUKUMU Mm ecmb” To ecmb nmo 6m Mm nu onucmeanu, e amoM 6ydem npoxe nxmbcx ceoucmeennax HUM dooucmeennocmb, dance ecnu Mm cmapaeMcx npudepncueambcx cfianmoo 3TO npoMcxo MT M3-3a nocTOHH HOM orpaHMHeHHocTM HarneM CIIOCO6HOCTM BocnpM /iTM /i B pe3y/ibTaTe

.

.

fleMCTBMH BpO^CACHHblX CMTyau; MM.

J

, npOIH /IOrO

( ) aKTOpOB

^

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HaCTOHIBieM

YpoK 12 . 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH 0CTM: nacTb 2 405

2. BUMHO npu3 Hasamt} oepaHtmeHHOcmb natueeo onucanux padu 603 MOMHoemu 6bimv 6onee omKpvimviMu u eocnpuuMHueuMu K pa3 HbiM moHKUM 3

penux .

3. BUMHO onucwoamv cooe eocnpuxmue dpyeuM nnenaM nnemenu RJIX Toro, HTO 6M OHM noMomM HaM yBMfleTb B HeM HaniM cna6 bie MecTa. 3TOT npoijecc B PO J\IYT Ha 3biBaeTCH “ caMopacKpbiTMe”. .

•

KoHmunyyM oco3 HauHOcmu e PO jjm OH

—

OCHOOHUX

HecKonbKO npeMMymecTB.

•

npanmuKa “necniHozo onucanun”

BK /nonaeT Bee Tpn BbimeonMcaHHbix npMHijMna M

^

aeT

em,e

KOHmuuyyMa oco3 HauHOcmu denaem oneoudHbiM mo, nmo onucvioawu uu nenooeK deucmeumejwHo ucnoimmean ocesmoao, T.e. no-

CmpyKmypa

^

MOraeT MHflMBMfly B3flTb Ha

ce6n

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a Co 6 cTBeHHOe BOC

-

npMHTMe.

•

KoHmunyyM oco3 HaHHOcmu npedcmaexxem co6ou ynopxdoHennoe cped cmoo dnx npanmuKU o6o3 HaneHux u pa3 xunenux Mbicneu, 3MOU1UU , outy u enuu u npedcmaeneuuu.

•

KonmunyyM oco3 nanHocmu npedcmaoxxem co6ou ynopxdoHennoe cped cmso dnx npanmunu pacKpnimux onympennux nepexcuoanuu dpyeoMy nenoeeKy 6e3 npedeapumenvnou penemuu,uu unu nnanupoeanux. Taic, 3TO npaKTMKa PO B OTHOUieHMM caMopacKOHTMHyyM 0 C03HaHH0CTM

^

—

KpblTMH M nOnbITKa MflTM HanepeKOp aBTOMaTMHCCKOM CK 7IOHHOCTM CKpbl BaTb CBOM HyBCTBa, HTO HB/LHCTOI Heo6xO,0; MMbIM HaBbIKOM fl /Ifl K 7IMCHTOB C

•

IK, KOTopbiM noMO)fceT MM BOCcoeAMHMTbCH co CBOMM nneMeHeM. 3my npcucmuKy MOMHO ucnonh306 amt> GO opeMx nunnoeo o6wfenux , GKXWHUX KOH ( f )miKmvi , RJW 3aMe # /ieHMfl TeMna o6iu,eHMfl , noBbimeHMH HaCTOflLUMM MOMeHT M Bbipa^CeHMH rOTOBHOCTM SMOIJMM, MbICTIM, OmyilJ eHMH M npeflCTaB/ieHMH , BMCCTO Toro HTo6 bi o 6BMHHTb B HMX flpyrMX niofleM.

CTeneHM 0 C03HaHH 0 CTM B

B3flTb Ha

ce 6n

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a CBOM

.

nPMMEHAHHEflJlfl TPEHEPA. KoHTMHyyM 0C03HaHH 0CTM 6epeT CBOH KOPHM M 3 cyc)M 3Ma Ma/iaMaTMM (CM. maBy 7 ocHOBHoro yne6HMKa no PO flllT fl/ia 6onee fleia/ib| Horo M 3yneHMB cyc))M 3Ma Ma/iaMaTMM M ero CBB 3M C PO flflT).

406 Vnasa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

( 06« 3aTeAbHo ) npaKTunecKoe ynpa>KHeHHe KoHmunyyM oco3 HanHOcmu Ular 3a iuaroM nposeftMTe o6yneHMe KOHTMHyyMy oco3HaHHOCTH .

.

Ular 1. HanHMTe co cnosa V " 3TO noc/iy>KMT CMraanoM

BaM caMMM M oKpy >KaK) mMM

o

TOM, HTO

MMEHHO Bbl HBHHeTeCb MCTOHHMKOM Ha6/II0fleHMH.

^eT o6 oco3HaHHOM HafijiiofleHMM, ^o6aBMB

Ular 2. IIoacHMTe, HTO penb M “oco3Haio”

C7IOBO

Illar 3. Ha30BMTe o6T>eKT Ha6;nofteHMH, KOTopbiii flonnceH OTHOCMTbCH K OAHOM M3 neTbipex BO3MOHCHWX KaTeropMM: omymeHMH, SMOIJHM , npeft CTaBJieHMH M MbICJIM .

• Outyu enm BKTnonaioT Bee TO, HTO BH McnwTbiBaeTe npM noMoiijM nnTM ^ nyBCTB (c/iyx, BKyc, ocH3aHMe, o6 oHHHMe M 3peHMe). 3MOU,UU U nye cmea

BKmonaiOT oMoi MOHanbHbie

^

nepe>KMBaHMH, nyBCTBa, no6y>Kfle-

HMH , MMnynbCbi M >KenaHMH (HanpMMep, CTpax, TpeBO>KHOCTb, >KenaHwe

BMMTM M3 KOMHaTbi M

flaiOT

B

none

Hainero

np.). npedcmaenenm, KOTopbie O6MHHO nonaHa6/no,zjeHMH, OTHOCHTCH K nponmoMy ( Hanpn -

Mep, BOCnOMMHaHMH ) M7IM HTeHMK) MbIC/ieM OKpy)KaiOIIj; MX ( HanpMMep, npe CTaBneHMe o TOM, HTO flyMaeT M /IM nyBCTByeT flpyroM He/ioBeic). MblCJlU 3TO KOTHMTMBHblM OnbIT HaCTOHUjerO MOMCHTa BpeMCHM.

^ —

Illar 4. OnMUiMTe coflep»caHMe Ha6;nofleHMH, He BftaBaacb B o6'bncneimn>

^ •

pai

Mio oi eHKy. ^ ^ “ HanpMMep , 51 oco3Haio , HTO

MOHajiM 3ai

MJIM

y

MCHH B03HMKna Mbic/ib

o

TOM, HTO

Hy>KHo 6 biTb 6 onee KOHKpeTHbiM ”. CnoBa “ HyncHO 6biTb 6 onee KOH KpeTHbiM ” oTpa>KaioT codepwanue MWOIM 6 e 3 o 6T> HCHeHMH npmun

ee

603 HUKHoeeHUK

meHMM

. OTKa 3

OT

npe

MTIM oijeHKM CBOMX

omy-

co CTopoHbi oKpyncaionjiMx KpMTMHHoe ^nonaraTb Ha 6e ero , nonynaeM cpe n; . ^ ^ M36e2aume ep M diaix fiopuynupoeoK, m.e. dnunubix npednomeOTHomeHMe

3amMiuiaTbCH .

Mon Hoe

•

o6rbncHeHMH

noMoraeT 3aMeTMTb, HacKO/ibKO MM CK /IOHHM aBTOMaTMnecKM 3 biBan CBOM onbiT

, cTBo

M

3

oijeHKM Mbi

caMOMccne OBaHMH

0 03

(

Komopbix odvedunxemcx dea unu 6onee Ha6modeHuu. HanpMpa J 3a “51 oco3Haio nyBCTBO rpycTM” co epncMT TO/ibKO O HO Ha6mofleHMe nyBCTBO, Tor a KaK “51 oco3Haio nyBCTBO rpycTM, noTOMy HTO TOTIbKO HTO J MeHH B 03HMK 7ia MblCTIb O MOeM nOTepHBUieMCH Co6aHUUy 6

Mep,

( )

—

^

^

^

YpoK 12 . 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTu : nacTb 2 407

Ke, KOTopaa

y6e>Kana Tpw Heflenn Ha3afl” BKHionaeT B ce6a o6T>acHeHMe

nepBOHananbHoro omymeHMa rpycTM, M B pe3yabTaTe cpa3y HecKoabKo

•

•

Ha6aiOAeHMM caMBaiOTca. fleaaa npeAaoaceHMa npocTbiMM, MO>KHO M36e>KaTb ou,eHoaHoro OTHomeHMa wm paAMOHaaM3ai], MM co6cTBeHHoro onbua. TpeHepy Heo6xoflMMO npoMaaiocTpMpoBaTb canaHMe pa3Hbix Ha6aiOAeHMM B OAHOM npeAaoaceHMM, a TaioKe ee npoTMBonoaoacHOCTb npocTbie Ha6niofleHMfl. B udeanbHOM aiynae npaKtnuKa dojiMHa ennwHamb onucanue, uiae 3a tuaeoM , eceeo moeo, nmo undueud oco3 Haem, 6e3 dnumenbHbix nay3 MeMdy ymeepMdeHUHMu. Mflea COCTOMT B TOM, HTO6M He 3aflyMbiBaTbca CTiiiiiiKOM my6 oKo O TOM , HTO OnMCbIBaeTCa . “PedantnupoeaHue” donycmuMO , Koda KonmuHyyM oco3uaHHocmu ucno7ib3 yemcn e paMKax npanmuKu “caMopacKpmmuH ” . HMKTO He 3acTaBnaeT Bac coo6 maTb o KaacAOM Ha6/nofleHMM. 3TO He ToabKo a6COTIIOTHO HOpManbHO, HO M HeM36e>KHO, nOTOMy HTO B nOBCeflHeBHOM >KM3HM B /IK> 6 OM MOMCHT B03HMKaeT cpa3y MHO>KecTBO Mbicaen, nepe>KHBaHMM , omymeHMM M npeflCTaBneHHM, KOTopbie noTeHijMaabHo MoryT 6 biTb onwcaHH, HO He Bee cpa 3y.

—

3aTeM TpeHep MoaceT npoAeMOHCTpiipoBaTb rpynne KpaTKyio npaKTMKy KOHTimyyMa oco3HaHHOcra. IIoMHMTe o TOM , HTO Henb3H peneTMpoBaTb OHa Tpe6yeT nocroaHHoro oco3HaHMa Bee BpeMa 3Ty npaKTMKy 3apaHee co onbiTa, M 3 KOToporo MO>KHO Bbi6 paTb onpe HaTeabHoro 3 MeHaiomeroca 06 6 Ha /iacTb AeaeHHyio aioAeHMa A^H onncaHMa Bcayx. B KaaecTBe pyKOBOAcTBa MO>KHO Mcnonb30BaTb caeAyiomMM npMMep.

—

ft 0C03 HaK), MTO CMOTpJO Ha CBOK) HaLUKy C KO ({)e. ft 0 C03HaK) CBOe npeAnojio>KeHMe o TOM, MTO yMacmi/iKaM 3TO Ha 6moAeHne MO>KeT noKa 3aTbCa CTpaHHbIM ft 0C03 HaK) HyBCTBO TpeBO>KHOCTM. ft 0C03HaK), MTO y MeHB B03 HMKJ10 BOCnOMMHaHMe 0 TOM, KaK MOB >KeHa TOTOBHJia 33 BTpaK ceroflHH yTpoM ft oco3HaK) omyiiieHMe nen AeHMa ) oco3Haio ( caMO Ha6aK>Ae HMe ) BocnoMMHaHMe ( (J> opMa ) o TOM , KaK Moa aceHa roTOBMaa 3aBTpaK ce roAHa yTpoM (coAepacaHMe ). Xopomaa

,

HOBOCTB 3aKaiOHaeTca B TOM HTO

KOHTMHyyM

oco3HaHHOcm . IIpeA-

MoacHo ncnonb30BaTb IIOMTH B aio6oe BpeMH M B aio6 oM Mecre

aoacMTe ynacTHMKaM 3AHHTMH ycTaHOBHTb eaceAHeBHyio imn MHyio

408

[haBa

5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

perynapHyio nnTMMMHyTHyio npaKTMKy nporoBapMBaHMH CBOMX meHMM , 3MOIJMM, nyscTB, npe CTasneHMM M MbicneM Bcnyx.

npaKTMKa

omy-

^

KOHTMHyyM OC03HaHHOCTM flOMa (MO)KHO BblllOJIHBTk caMO-

). Ha6nioAaMTe 3a TeM, KaK 3Ta npaKTMKa MO)KeT co BpeMeHeM noB/iMHTb Ha TO, KaK BW Bbipa >KaeTe CBOM nyBCTBa B o6meHMM c oKpy Kaio^ IIJMMH. 3anMCbmaMTe CBOM Ha6/no,a;eHMfl B #HeBHMKe caMonccneAOBaHnfl M OTC /ie>KMBaMTe SBOHIOAHK) cBoeii npaKTMKM co BpeMeHeM.

CTOBTejibHo

nPMMEMAHME

flJlfl TPEHEPA. npaKTMKa "caMopacKpbiTMfl" B PO RUT

.

BO BpeMB

PO o6biHHo Bbino/ii-meTCfl B napax (T.e BCH rpynna Bbino/iHBeT 3Ty npaKTMKy OAHOBpeMeHHO, HO Ka>KAt>iM ynacTHHK 33 HBTMB pa 6 oiaei TO/ibKO co CBOHM HanapHUKOM). KBJoneBaa 3aflaHa npaKTMKM "caMopacKpbiTMfl" — o6ecneHmb ~ 3apaHee noflroTOB/ieHHyK) crpyKTypy, KOTopan CMO>KeT o6;ierHHTb K /iMeHTaM c l K , He a B03M0>KH0CTb paCKpbITMfl CBOHX BHyTpeHHMX nepe>KMBaHMM flpyrOMy HeJIOBeKy pa60TaTb Hafl HaBbIKOM ny6/lMHHblX BbICTyn/ieHMH, npOM3HeceHMB TOCTOB win cnoco6HOCTb »o HMnpoBM3npoBaTb nepeA 3pi/lTe/lBMM.

TpeHMHra HaBbiKOB

nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. ECJIM KTO-TO BHe3anH0 o6Hapy>KMBaeT, MTO eMy Henero CKa 3aTb BO BpeMfl npaKTMKM "caMOpaCKpblTMfl", TpeHep MO>KeT npefl/10>KMTb 3TOMy HenoBeKy npoM3HecTM c()pa 3y "8 oco3Hato Mbic/ib, MTO MHe Henero CKa 3aTb" MJIM " ft 0C03HaK) MblCJlb, HTO y MeHB HeT MbICJieM" (lOMOp 3TOrO BblCKa 3blBaHMfl 6blCTpO CTaHOBMTCB OMeBMflHblM).

npaKTMKa KOHTMHyyMa 0C 03HaHH0CTM Pa3,n;ejiMTe rpynny Ha napw. TpeHepy, BO3MO>KHO, npnACTCH TaoKe BbinonHeneTHoe KonnnecTBO npaKTMKy c KeM-TO B nape, ecnn ynacTHMKOB M / MTIM MHor a 6 biBaeT none3HO nopa6 oTaTb B nape c ynacTHMKaMM, ACMOH -

—

HMTb

^

CTpMpyiOHJMMM CaMOe CMTIbHOe COnpOTMBTieHMe.

06 bHCHMTe,

HTO HanapHMKM 6yAyT no onepeAM npaKTMKOBaTb Bcnyx KOHTMHyyM 0C03HaHH0CTM ( B TO BpeMH KaK BTOpOM ynaCTHMK 6yAeT BHM '

MaTenbHo

cnymaTb; r;ia3a MoryT 6 biTb 3aKpbiTWMM ).

IlepeA HananoM ynpa^cHeHMH TpeHep M coTpeHep AOTDKHM npo,n;eMOHCTpM poBaTb npaKTMKy KOHTMHyyMa oco3 HaHHOCTM rpynne, a TaK >Ke noKa3aTb, KaK nepeftaTb onepeAb

cBoeMy HanapHMKy.

fljm npoBefteHMH npaKTMKM npoHMTairre Bcnyx npMBeAeHHyio HMHce no-

.

cneAOBaTenbHOCTb ACMCTBMM

YpoK 12. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTm nacTb 2

409

( /\ onOAHMTeAbHO ) Il0 CAe /\ 0BaTeAbH0 CTb ACMCTBMM

npaKTMKM KOHTMHyyMa 0 C03HaHH 0 CTM “ caMOpaCKpHTMe ”

..

—

KaK MbI TOTLbXO HTO o6 cyMC Zl aiIM, KOHTMHyyM 0 C03HaHH 0 CTM 3TO npaK oco3HaHHOCTM “ necTHoro onMcaHMa ” B PO flriT, KOTOpan noMoraeT oco3HaTb co 6cTBeHHbie omynjeHMa M BoenpMHTMe M B3HTb Ha ce6a OTBCTCTBeHHOCTb 3a HMX. Jlynnie Bcero ee npaxTMxoBaTb Bcnyx c HanapHMxoM, MMeHHO noaTOMy Mbi nonpocMTiM Bac pa36 wTbca Ha napw. 3Ta npaxTMxa 6yzjeT BK /HonaTb xax onwcaHMe CBOMX oiH, yiu,eHMM M nepe>XMBaHMM, Tax M BHMMATETIBHOE cnymaHMe ( Tax >xe oco 3HaBaa STOT npou,ecc) Toro, HTO BaM onncbiBaeT HanapHMx, nepeMCMBaHMM M 3MOU MM , oco3HaHHbix B npou ec ce 3TOM npaxTMXM. IIpaxTMxa xoHTMHyyMa oco3HaHHocm npe nonaraeT onwcaHMe BHyTpeHHMX nepe>XMBaHMM M HaHMHaeTca co CTIOB “ ft oco3Haio...” Kaacfloe coo 6meHMe Heo6xoflMMO HaHMHaTb MMCHHO C STMX CTIOB, nocne nero Ha 3biBaeTCH xaTeropna Toro HBTieHMH, xoTopoe BH onncbiBaeTe: MBICHM, 3MOU MM, nyBCTBa, npeflcraBTieHMa PI /in omymeHpm. K npeflCTaBneHMHM MoryT oTHOcpiTbca BocnoMMHaHMH, MBICTIM o 6yflyiH,eM PITIM RA >xe npe nonoMceHMe o TOM, HTO MOT no yMaTb Barn HanapHMX, Tor a xax omymeHMH OTHOCHTCH x HaniMM opraHaM nyBCTB: 3peHMX>, cnyxy, O6 OHHHMIO, oca3a -

TMKa

—

.

.

^

.

^

^

^

HMK) M Bxycy.

HanpMMep, earn a CM >xy B xoMHaTe, M 3 oxHa xoTopoft BMAHBI epeBbH, a Mory HanaTb npaxTMxy xoHTMHyyMa 0 C03HaHH0 CTM co CTIOB “ ft oco3Haio, HTO BMMCy flepeBbfl ”. 3aTeM MOMCeT B03HMXHyTb MblCUb O TOM , HTO MHTepeCHO 6MTIO 6bi y3HaTb, HTO 3TO 3a flepeBba, M Tor a MOMCHO cxa3aTb Bcnyx (J> pa3y “ ft 0C03Hai0 MbICTIb O TOM, HTO MHe MHTepeCHO y3HaTb, XaX Ha3bIBai0TCH 3TM flepeBba ”. Bbi MoaceTe Mcnbrraxb CMym,eHMe M3-3a Toro, HTO He 3HaeTe MX Ha 3BaHMM, M Tor a MO>XHO cxa3aTb Tax: “ ft oco3Hax> nyBCTBO CMynjeHMa M3-3a Toro, HTO He 3Haio Ha3BaHMM STMX epeBbeB”. 3aTeM BBI MoaceTe npe nono>XMTb, HTO 3TO xauiTaHw: “ ft oco3Haio MbicTib, HTO 3T0 MoryT 6 biTb xamTaHbi” 3aTeM Bbi MoaceTe npe CTaBMTb, xax e MTe acapeHbie xaniTaHbi y xaMMHa Ha Poac ecTBO, M B STOM CTiynae cxa3aTb cneflyiomee: “ ft oco3Hax) npeflCTaBiieHMe o TOM, xax eM acapeHbie xaniTaHbi B03Tie xaMMHa Ha PoacflecTBo” 3TO MOACET Bbi3BaTb omymeHMe cnacTba, M Tor a Bbi cxaaceTe “ ft oco3Haio nyBCTBO cnacTba ” 3aTeM BBI MoaceTe nonyBCTBOBaTb nerxMM BeTepox Ha xoace M cxa3aTB “ ft oco3Haio omymeHMe nerxoro BeTepxa Ha xoace”. Bbi MoaceTe 3aMeTMTb, HTO Barne co3HaHMe 6eccBH3HO nepenpbirMBaeT c TeMbi Ha TeMy. 3TO Ha6niofleHMe Taxace cTaHOBMTca nacTbio npaxTMXM:

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

410 fhaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

“51 OC03HaiO MbICTIb O TOM, HTO MOe C03HaHIie HM Ha HeM He 3a,H;ep^CMBaeTCH” M.

3anoMHMTe, HTO

HaHHOCTM,

earn

BH BHe3anHO nonMeTe, HTO yTpaTnnn HHTB OCO3-

^pyr C03HaK

nOTOMy HTO B

OTB7ieK 7IMCb, 3TO TO)Ke MO>KeT CTaTb HaCTbK)

) MbICTIb, HTO X TOTIbKO HTO 6 bI 7I paCCeHHHbIM” A 3aTeM BH MO^ceTe npocTO npoAOTDKMTb Ha6TiioAeHMe M onncbraaTb Bcnyx Bee, HTO B03HMKaeT B noTie Barnero C03HaHnn 6e3 o6 rbHCHeHMii M oijeHOK. 3aMeTMB, HTO Bbl HaHMHaeTe OUieHMBaTb CBOM nepOKMBaHMfl, MO>KeTe TaK )Ke 06 3TOM CKa 3aTb: “51 oco3Haio Mbicnb, HTO cHMTaio CBOK) npaKTMKy Aanexo He MfleanbHoii”. rioMHMTe, HTO OAHa M3 npMHMH , no KOTOPWM 3Ta npaKTMKa CTonb none3Ha, 3aKnioHaeTCfl B TOM, HTO ee Henb3H npe BapHTe /ibHO OTpeneTupoBaTb, nOTOMy HTO OHa npe nonaraeT onucaHwe TOTO, HTO BH OCO3HaeTe npHMO 3Aecb n ceMHac. IIosTOMy, 3aMeTMB 3a co6oii cenaHwe noAro^ TOBMTbCH , BM MoxceTe cKa3aTb: “51 oco3Haio cenaHwe OTpenerapoBaTb TO, ^

BarneM npaKTHKM: “51 0

^

^

6y y roBopwTb” EcTb Jin y Bac Bonpocw o TOM, HTO

HTO

^

X TO/ibKo HTO

paccica3a /i ?

[Cdenaume

nay3y u ebidenume epeux na eonpocbi.] Tenepb AaBanTe nonpaKTMKyeMCfl. OAMH HanapHMK HannHaeT, a BTopon oco3HaHHO cnymaeT, He KOMMeHTMpyn, He 3aflaBan BonpocoB, He ycnoxan Ban M He ou;eHHBaH. nocne Toro KaK roBopnmMM cxa ceT CHOBO “ IlepexoA” ^ pojiM MeHneTCH. Ka >KAbM ynacTHMK roBopuT Bcero no OAHOH MMHyTe HTIH Aa^ce MeHbme, a 3HannT, xa>KAbiH HanapHMK MO>KCT 6paTb CHOBO no Asa pa3a Ao OKOHHaHMH npaKTMKM. 3pMTenbHbIM KOHTaKT BO BpeMfl 3TOH npaxTMKM He o 6H3aTeneH. IlHOTAa 6 biBaeT npoiAe cnyinaTb Apyroro HenoBexa npOTOBapMBaTb CBOM KOHTMHyyM OC03HaHHOCTM, HanpaBMB B3T7IHA B CTopoHy, HanpMMep Ha Tyc})Tm napTHepa, HUM Aa >xe 3axpbiB ma3a. HaxoHeij, M7IM

noMHHTe

—

o TOM, HTO Haina 3aAana npeAenbHO BHMMaTenbHO cnymaTb Haero onepeAM roBopnTb n OTxa3aTbCfl OT >xe/iaHMfl MHC-

napHMxa BO BpeMH

neHHo OTpeneTiipoBaTb TO, HTO BBI

onepeAb. Xopoino... npMCTynMM!

6yAeTe roBopnTb, xorAa HacTymiT Bama

3aKOHHMTe npaKTMKy npn6nii3MTeiibHO nepe3 4-5 MMH . M 3aTeM npoBeAMTe o6cy>KAeHMe

.

3aAaBaiiTe cneAyiomwe sonpocw BO speMfl o6cy>KAeHiffl .

•

—

KaKoeo amo 6bino pacKpbieamb ceou ou yu enux u nepexcueanux neped dpyeuu nenoeeKOM npu HOMOU U KOHmuHyyua oco3 HaHHOcmu? Hmo 6 bi 3auemunu 7

^

^ ^

YpoK 12. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 2 411

oco3 Haeamb mo, nmo eoeopum eaM mnapHUK ? Earn Hem, mo nmo eaM nouemano? HacKonbKo y eac nonynunocb omKa3ambcx om nonumoK ompenemu poeamb naneped mo, nmo 6 bi cxanceme? HacKonbKo cnooKHo 6uno omKd 3ambCH om xcenanux ecmpxmb e pa3eoeop, 6 biCKd3amb ceoe Mnenue, 3adamb eonpoc unu ycnoKOumb eatueeo nanapHUKa eo epeux npaKmuKU aKmueuoeo cnyvuanux? Hmo amo uoCuoenu nu eu

Monna cnymamb

u

nojiHocmbK)

ncem CKd 3amb eau o eac cauux? M 3 nemupex ( fiopu nadnwdenux ubicnu, nyecmea u auou,uu, owyu\enux u npedcmaeneuux 6unu nu me, K KomopbiM eu CKnonxnucb e 6onbtueu Mepe ( nanpuMep, K uucnxu u ou yu enux, HO He K nyecmeau u npedcmaenenuxM )? Hmo amo uoncem cKa3 amb earn o eac cauux?, Heuy eau, eo3MOMHO, cnedoeano 6u uaynumbcx? M3Meuuna nu ama npaxmuKa eaiue omnomeHue K napmuepy? 3uaeme nu eu ceoezo nanapHUKa nymue unu xynce nocne amou npaxmuKU ? Hmo amo no3eonxem nouxmb 06 omHotuenuxx?

—

—

^ ^

( PeKOMeHAyeTcn ) IIoAOJKeHMe o6yHeHna nptmepu npanmuK “ Hecmnozo onucanun” dan Awdeu co CKAOHnocrmw K rK • Hcno7it>3 yume KOHmunyyu oco3uaHnocmu eo epeMx cnopa unu KoucfjnuK ma c Keu- mo ( HanpwMep, cynpyroM, poflCTBeHHMKOM MTIM flpyroM ) . TaKMM o6pa30M, Bbl cpa3y >Ke flaflMTe IIOHflTb, HTO TOTOBbl B3flTb Ha ce 6 x OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a co6 cTBeHHoe BOcnpMHTMe M 3aMeflnMTb TeMn pa3roBopa, BbiAenHH BpeMH Ha pecJwieKCMio. HanpMMep, BMecTO Toro HTO6W roBopMTb: “Tbi MeHH pa303nMn ”, ncno7ib3yMTe npoTOKon KOHTMHyyMa 0C03HaHH0CTM, roBopn: “.fl oco3Haio nyBCTBO 3/IOCTM MTIM “ ft oco3Haio CBoe npeftcraBneHMe O TOM, HTO TbI HaMepeHHO nbITaeiHbCH MeHH pa303/IMTb ”

•

npaicmuKyumecb onucvieamv (ubicneuHo ) evipanceHux nui a ceoeeo co 6eceduuKa . 06o3HanaMTe TO, HTO BM MTe, He BMHOCH oijeHOK, HanpwMep “JI oco3Haio, HTO yro;iKM ero ry6 c/ierKa npwno o HMMaiOTCH, a B yro/ncax rna3 co 6wpaK)TCH He6o;ibiiiMe MopmwHKJi” BMCCTO OH cnacT/iMB” wiw OH ynbi6aeTcn ” Beedume e encedHeenyw npuevinny nxmuMUHymnyw npanmuny noumunyyua oco3 HaHuocmu. Ee MO>KHO npoBOflMTb caMOCTOHTenbHO, M /iynine BC /iyx. Bcero

^

•

—

^

..

412 rhaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AI1T

•

npoeedume npaKmuKy KOHtnuHyyMa oco3 HaHHocmuy Koeda ucnmmbiea eme cum> m>ie 3Mou,uu , nmodu onucamv eosHUKawu ue npu amoM MMCJIU , ow,yw,eHUH u npedcmaeneHUH .

^

( 06fl3aTeAbHo ) IIpaKTMHecKoe ynpajKHeHwe HE dywcb nPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. llpaKTMK M 0C03HaHH 0CTM , KOTopbie npeflno/iara HenoflBM >KHoe cufleHne M /IM 3aMefl /ieHMe flBMweHMM ( HanpuMep, HanpaB/ieHMe BHMMaHMB Ha flbixaHHe M /IM Mefl/ieHHaa xoflb6a c oco3HaHneM Kawfloro Te /iecHoro ~ omyineHMB ) , MoryT OKa 3biBaTb Ha K /ineHTOB c l K mporeHHoe B03fleMCTBne, ecnu tOT

monbKO OHU He nepeMewaiOTCfl

c

npaKTMKaMM , npeflno/iaraiOLUiMMM

CBoOoflHoe

M

fla >Ke 3KcnpeccnBHoe caMOBbipaweHMe MJIM ny6/iMHHoe npn 3HaHne B co6cTBeHHbix nepe>KHBaHHBx . B PO flllT flna /ieKTMHecKH c6a /iaHCMpoBaHbi 06a BbiiueyKa 3aHHbix Tuna npaKTHK , KOTopbie BK /itonafOT KaK npaKTHKy 6ecnpucmpacmHoeo oco3 HaeaHUH , TaK H npaKTHKy yeneneHnou denmefibHoemu 6es nnaHupoeaHun [ T.R. Lynch, Lazarus, & Cheavens, 2015]. K TOMy >Ke B PO fllTT oco6 biM aKpem- fle/iaeTCB Ha HeoOxoflMMoerM MOflejii/tpoBaHHfl TpeHepoM o6yMaeMoro MaTepna /ia , noTOMy MTO K /ineHTbi c l K eflBa JIM nOCMMTatOT COLJMa /lbHO npMeMJieMOM fl /lfl B3pOCJ!OrO Me OBeKa B03M 0>KH 0CTb ^ MrpaTb, paCCJia 6jlBTbCB M /IM OTKpbITO Bbipa >KaTb CBOM MyBCTBa , eCJIM TOJlbKO Tepa neBT He CMOfle/inpyeT BHaMa /ie nofloOHyK) 4> opMy noBefleHMB . "

HanHMTe 3Ty nacTb 3aHHTHH c “MHHM -npaKTMKM 6e3 luiaHHposaHUH ” M3BecTHoii nofl Ha3BaHneM “ ft. HE ayiocb!” ( Taioice M3BecTHOM nofl Ha3BaHneM “HasaiiTe ycrpoHM McrepuKy” ) .

noMHMTe o TOM, HTO Ba^cHo He flaBaTb KnweHTaM c IK npeflBapMTenbHO HM KaKwx MHCTpyKLjMM o npeflCToameM npaKTMice, XOTH TpeHepy Heo6xoftMMO 03HaKOMMTbCH c pyKOBO CTBOM ana “ npaKTMKM 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHiifl ” ( OIIM caHHOM flanee B STOM pa3flene ) iiepe# npoBe,n;eHMeM ynpa cHeHMH. ripaKTM ^ Ka flOTDKHa 6 bITb KOpOTKOM ( OKOTIO OflHOM MMHyTbl ) , HTo6 bI CHM3MTb BepO HTHOCTb COUHaJIbHOrO epaBHeHMH M 7IJ1 CaMOOCy>KfleHMfl ( CM. o 6 ocHOBaHne Aanee B STOM pa3 ene) .

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B Hana /ie ynpaaoieHMfl ynbi6HMTecb, cnerica npmiOflHMMMTe 6poBM M exa mine ynacTHMKaM: Xopoiuo . .. BCE BCTAEM ! M max KaK MU ece CKOpo 6y deM T1POCTO HEHABMffETb amo 3aHxmuey JJABAMTE ffJJX HAHAJ1A HAffyEMCfl M3 -3 A 3T0 E0! Cnedyume MOUM KOMandaM , noemopnume 3a

YpoK 12 . 06 yHeHne 0C03HaHH 0CTn : nacTb 2 413

poeu: O, HET... TOJIbKO HE cnoea dymbcx! X BOBCE HE XOHY 3T0T0! Hadyumecb u monnume nozou: noneuy smo x donxcen? 3mo nenecmno! Tonaume nozaMu: Bu donwnbi omHocumbcx KO Mne do6pee! Cdenaume nadonbiuyw nay3 y. Xopoiuo, menepb npunoMume o6 pamnyw cmopony nadonu KO n6y u npocmomime: OOOOOO, rOPEMHE! Cnoea... 000000000, rOPEMHE! Tenepb TOnAHTEHOEAMM! Cnoea... MHE TAK W10X0! TOPE MHE! TOHAHTE HOTAMM! TPOMHE! H eiu>epas... MHE TAK WIOXO! TOPE MHE! TOHAHTE HOTAMH! Xopoiuo, smozo docmamonno — KaKax nydecnax ucmepuKa! Omnunno nopa6omanu! HanHMTe anjioflwpoBaTb M npeflnoKMTe ynacTHMKaM npwcoe( MHMTbCH K BaM: Xopoiuo, menepb cadumecb. Xopoiuo nopa6omanu! CKaacMTe: Honazaio, natua nedonbiuax ucmepum cmanem omnunnuu ecmynnenueu K cnedyiou eu meMe. S CnpocnTe: HacKonbKO cunbnuu 6bino caMoocyxcdenue eo epeMx smou MHOU ! ynbidaumecb u cneexa npunodnuMaume 6

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nmo smo uuenno ono?

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( 06» 3aTeAbHo ) IIoA 05KeHMe odyneHMH IlpanmuKa 6e3 nAanupoSanun

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CoUjUajwnme 3MOU,UU emo, necoMHenno, cou,uaxbHoe xenenux, a 3 uanum, naedune c co6ou Mbi e Meubiueu cmenenu CKJiOHHbi UX ucnmmbi eamt> . HanpnMep, PO6MH3OH Kpy30, CKopee Bcero, oneHb pe,o; Ko ncnbiTbi Ban cou,ManbHbie SMOIJHM , noica He noBCTpenancH c FtHTHMijen (a6opnreHOM M nOMOmHMKOM ) .

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ypoK 12. 06yHeHMe oco3HaHHOCTM: nacib 2 415

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S CnpocwTe: KQK eu cnumaeme, do KOKOU cmenenu ebi omKa3 bieaemecb om yyacmuH e spynnoeou unu o6mecmeeHHOu deame/ ibHocmu, nomoMy nmo Kenaeme U36e?tKHoro coijMaAbHoro

HeofloGpeHMA. MOMHO paccnacmau ” ! O, da! ( CM. pa3,n,aTOHHbiM

dumbcx, nomouy nmo MU — nacmb MaTepwan 8.1, “ rtneMH MMeeT 3HaneHMe. rioHMMaHMe nyBCTBa OTBep>KeH HOCTM M COIJMaAbHbIX 3M0IJMM ” ). S CnpocnTe: K KaKOMy nneuenu eu xomenu 6bi npUHadnewamb? K KaKuu nneMenaM eu npunadneMume cernac ( nanpuMep, cnopmuenuu Knyd, pa6onax KOManda, ceMbx u np. )? S CnpocnTe: Kax nacmo eu eudupaeme cudemb e cmopone, a ne npunu uamb aKmueme ynacmue e MU 3 HU nneMenu , K KomopoMy npunadnexcu me? Hmo eu nyecmeyeme npu omoM ? Heuy eau, eo3MOMHO, cnedoeano 6u naynumbcx ? S CnpocnTe: MOMHO nu ua3 eamb natuy 3pynny ceoeeo poda nneueneM ? Ban 6u amo nonpaeunocb?

416 fnaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flllT

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C TOM KM 3peHMB PO RUT n /ieMfl MO>KeT COCTOHTb BCerO M3 flByX He/lOBeK. IIJieMeHHbie o6 pa 30BbiBaTbCB, Korfla ABa Me/ioBeKa (M/IM H /ieHa rpynnbi ) roToBbi no>KepTBOBaTb CO6OM paAn 6narococTOBHMB APyrMX con /ieMeHHMKOB M/IM Bcero n/ieMeHM, He o>KMAaa Mero-To 3a 3TO B33MeH (CM. ypoK 8, "11/ieMB MMeeT 3HaneHMe. riOHMMaHMe MyBCTBa OTBep>KeHHOCTM M COLJMaJlbHblX 3MOLJMM"). 11/ieMeHa o6 blMHO o6 pa 3yK)Tca Ha ocHOBaHMM 06L14 MX MeHHOdeM M Lje/ieM, XOTH K OAHMM n /ieMeHaM MN npMHaA/ie>KMM OT POKAGHMB ( HanpMMep, ceMbfl M/IM HapMfl ), a B APyrux Hac AepwaT npMHyAMTe/ibHO ( HanpMMep, TiopbMa ). Bee we name Bcero Mbi caMM Bbi 6 MpaeM CBoe nneMfl. B KanecTBe A BM 3a 3AopoBoro n/ieMeHM nymue Bcero MO>KeT noAOMTM ACBM3 ^ OAHoro M3 maBHbix nepcoHaweM KHMTM 1844 roAa "TpM MyiuKeiepa" AneKcaHApa fljOMa: "OAHH 3a Bcex, Bee 3a OAHoro!" MmepecHO, MTO B cooTBeTCTBMM c onpeAe/ieHMeM PO flriT rpynna o6yMeHMio HaBbiKaM PO TaK >Ke npeAcraB/ifleT CO6OM n /ieMfl: y Hac ecTb o6mafl \ o6yneHMe HOBWM HaBbiKaM, M Mbi crpeMMMCB noAAepi enb >KMBaTb Apyr APyra Ha nyTM ee AOCTMweHMB. Bay! ©

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nonomrre/ibHbix SMOIJMM, CBH -

fleflTeTIbHOCTbK . )

BO- BTOPbIX, npaxTMxa “fleflTenbHOCTM 6 e3 ruiaHMpOBaHMn ” floiDXHa ATIMTHCH He onro. • IIpaKTMKa ffo^HCHa 6biTb oneHb KOPOTKOM, B M eajibHOM cjiynae — OT 30 RO 60 c. Bonee fliiMTeiibHbie npaxTMXM ( HanpMMep, Te, xoTopwe FLIMTCH flonbiue oflHOM-flByx MMHyT ) MTIM npaxTMXM, Tpe6yiomMe oneHb Me TieH HblX M 0 C 03HaHHbIX flBM >KeHMM MTIM ftUMTeUbHOTO CMfleHMfl 6e3 flBM >XeHMfl , MoryT 6 biCTpo npeBpaTMTbcn B copeBHOBaHMe ( KTO MO>xeT Tiynme Bcex CMfleTb 6e3 BM ^CeHMH ? ” ) MTIM BbI3BaTb 6oiie3HeHHbie 3MOUMM M peaXUiMK) OTCTpaHeHHOCTM. flnMTenbHbie npaxTMXM HanoMMHaiOT CMTyau; Mio, xor a BaM roBopuT ynbibHyTbCH fliw ({)OTorpa(J)MM, a 3aTeM HTO -TO nponcxo MT c (J)OToannapaTOM, M BaM npMxoflMTCH CM eTb c 3acTbiBiiiMM Bbipa^ceHMeM TiMi a, xoTopoe Bcxope oxa ceTcn ( jianbuiMBbiM ( M noaTOMy MBI HanMHaeM ^ npocMTb 3aMHBmerocH 4> OTorpa(J)a noToponMTbcn M , HaxoHeij-TO, cflenaTb y>xe 3Ty (J)OTorpa(J)Mio ).

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^

^

^

• flTIMTeTIbHbie npaKTMKM MOiyT TaK^Ce BbI3BaTb MbICTIb O TOM, HTO OHM

HUH McnpaBneHMH npo6TieMbi. He 3a6 biBaMTe, HTO XTIM TK OTHOCHTCH X )XM3HM OHeHb Cepbe3HO.

npeji;Ha3HaHeHbi

eHTbl C

• 3axaHHMBaMTe

npaKTMKy payH OM annoflMCMeHTOB M 3aTeM npocMTe

^

Bcex cecTb ( ecnM ynacraMXM CTOHT ).

IIpM pa6oTe c ximeHTaMM c TK Bamio

YpoK 12. 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH 0CTM: nacTb 2 419

.

npa3n;HOBaTb npaKTMKy “ AeaTenbHOCTM 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHMn ”. TaKwe niOAM npe3MepHO cepbe3Hbi. OHM He yMeiOT o6T> eAMHHTbcn c APYRMMM M nacro nyBCTByiOT ce6a TIMLUHMMM B rpynne. AnnoAMCMeHTbi CMrHanM3MpyiOT o coi ManbHOM OAo6peHMM M cMMnaTMM. Tan, Ka )KAbiM pa3 nocne OKOHna-

^ npaKTMKM

HMH

BMecTO TopncecTBeHHoro

no3ApaBMTb c TeM,

noBeAeHnn TpeHepy cneAyeT Bcex

HTO OHM CMOHIM npMcoeAMHMTbCH

Bceo6iu,eMy Becenbio,

( BKmonaa ce6n )

KO

annoAMCMeHTaMn ( B MAeanbHOM

cnynae TpeHepy cneAyeT nocMOTpeTb B rna3a Ka >KAOMy ynacTHMKy, noxa OHM xnonaiOT, ynw6 HyTbCH M npnnoAHHTb 6 poBM ). BancHO, HTO6M TpeHep HE co3AaBan npeijeAeHTOB, KorAa annoAMCMeHTbi nonynaeT odun U 3 ynacmmiKoe ( Ha npMMep, TOT, KTO 6o;ibme Bcex conpoTMBnnncn BHanane ) . AnnoAMCMeHTbi Ann OAHoro M3 ynacraMKOB ( BMCCTO Bceii rpynnw ) npMBeAyT K oncMAaHM HM ( HeBbicKa3aHHbiM ), HTO cneAyeT npMBeTCTBOBaTb Ka >KAoro ynacraMKa

OTAenbHO (annoAMCMeHTaMn ). 3TO MonceT cnpoBOijMpoBaTb

6ecnone3Hoe

6MABI ( KOTopbie Tonce, cxopee Bcero, ocTaHyTca ^ ) , HeBbiCKa3aHHbiMM ecnM 06 annoAMCMeHTax 3a6 biTb XOTH 6M OAHa >KAbi. B-TPETbHX, o6cy>KAeHMe npaKTMKM, ecnM OHO Boo6me HCO6XOAMMO, npoBoAMTcn TonbKo nocne ee OKOHnaHMn . • Ba>KHo oTMeTMTb, HTO 3TM MMHH -ynpaacHeHMn nynnie BOo6lU,e He o6cyncAaTb Aance nocne MX 3aBepineHMa . IIpM cnoHTaHHOM npOBeACHMM MX nynme 3aTeM BOBce He o6cy>KAaTb, T.e. ec/m 3Ta npaKTMKa He 6bina (})opManbHO 3annaHMpoBaHa B KanecTBe npaKTMKM oco3HaHHOCTM A HH ( CM. pa3Aen “ CrpyKTypa TpeHMHra HaBbiKOB PO ” B r /iaBe 1). • Ecnn BM Bee ace xoTMTe npoBecTM o6cyncAeHMH, TO AenanTe 3TO nocne. coi ManbHoe

•

cpaBHeHMe M O

IIonpocMTe noAenuTbcn Ha6niOAeHMaMH, CAenaHHbiMn BO BpeMa npoBCACHMH npaKTMKM, npMBeflMTe o6ocHOBaHMe Run npMMeHeHMa A^HHOM npaKTMKM 0 C03HaHH0CTM ( HanpMMep, CMeniHbie p02KHLJbI nOMOraiOT npeoAoneTb CAepncnBaiomne 6apbepbi ) M nposeAMTe o6yneHMe sancHbiM KOHn,enu, MHM ( HanpMMep , noMorMTe KnneHTaM noHHTb, HTO OHM CMOHIM npMHHTb ynacTMe, XOTH MODIM M He BepMTb B TO, HTO STO BO3MO>KHO, ecnn 6 w MX npeAynpeAMnM 3apaHee). IIpoaccoi MMpyMTe npaKTMKy c noBceAHeBHoii acn3HbK> M nonpocMTe

^

npMsecTM npMMepbi TOTO, KaK ynacTHMKM 3aHHTMM npMMenaiOT

wAea-

TenbHocTb 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHMa” B csoeii >KM 3HM 6onee aKTMBHO.

• TpeHepy

cneAyeT BBCCTM B npMBbiHKy npoBOAMTb KpaTKyio

(oKono

30 c) MMHM - npaKTMKy “AenTenbHOCTM 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHMa” KaacAbin pa 3, KorAa B KOMHaTe HaHMHaeT nyBCTBOBaTbca pacTynjee HanpaaceHne . HanpMMep, BO BpeMH npOBepKM AOManiHero 3aAaHMn MHM obyneHMH HOBOMy MaTepMany, ecnM rpynna KaaceTcn noAaBneHHOM , OTCTpaHeHHOM

420 DiaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT M 7IM MeHee pa3rOBOpHHBOM M 0T3bIBHHB0H, TpeHep MO KeT 6e3 KaKMX- HM ^ 60 06'bHCHeHMM M npeaM6ynbi npoBecm cnoHTaHHyio “flenTe/ibHOCTb 6e3 nnaHPipoBaHMH” HanpMMep, cKa3aB: Xopoiuo, menepb daeaume ece ecmaneM . nodnuMume pyKU nad zonoeou . MHCTpyKTop noflHMMaeT pyKM. A menepb nompxcume pyrnMU eoxpyz . TpeHep TpaceT pyKaMn. Tenepb cde naxime mam eeanbubie deuMenm. M flanbine B TOM >Ke nyxe . IIpaKTHKy Hy>K-

^

HO 3aKaHHMBaTb Tax yKe BHe3anHO, KaK

Xopoiuo,

omnunnaK

HannHaTb,

n

nonpocMB Bcex cecTb:

pa6oma. ffaeaume ece cndeu! A 3aTeM, rnnpoKo ynw6a-

roBopMT: Omnmno! ffaeaume eceM noannodupyeM . ^ M 6e flanbHeMHmx o6cy>KfleHMM TeKymeMy aAaHMio Bpam; . IIpMMepbl pa npaKTMK npMBe > . ^

HCb, TpeHep

ca

MTCH M

B03

3

aeTCH K

3

3aHfl

eHbl HM Ke

3nMHHbIX

THfl

npMMepbl npaKTMKM “A^HTeAbHOCTM 6e 3 nAaHMpOBaHMH ” AAH AIOA^M CO CKAOHHOCTbK) K TK

He 3a6biBaiiTe, HTO Kaac oe ynpaacHeHMe HyacHO npoBO HTb 6e3 npe ynpe^cffeHMM M 06'bHCHeHMH H OHM ROJDKHbi TiMTbCH He 6o;iee 30-60 c. M en 3aK 7IK)HaeTCH B TOM , HTo 6 bI 3aKOHHMTb npaKTMKy HCMHOTO paHbHie, HeM ynacTHMKM HaHHyT McnbiTbraaTb coijMa;ibHbie SMOIJHH, HTO noBbimaeT sepoHTHOCTb Toro, HTO OHM CMOiyT MCnbITaTb o6mHOCTb C flpyTMMM KaK npMHTHOe omymeHMe. • npaKTMKa: aK)xy-y-y, H meHOK!” Cxa^cMTe rpynne: Bay, nocuompume Ha Mem... X — w,enoK! M Bbl — mowe memu! Tloeepnume zonoey e odny cmopony, menepb — e dpyzyw , nodnuMume pyxy u noMatuume ew... noxnonaumepyKaMu... nycmb earnu Konenu deuzawmcx eepx u 6 HU 3 caMu no ce6e... O BO )KE! 0 BO )KE! O EO )KE, pyxu OTBMJlMCb OT PYK! M omo xopoiuo! Xa xa xo xo xo xo xa xa xu xu... noxanaume menoM , nycmb eaiuu pyxu udym myda... udym cwda... O BO )KE! 0 BO )KE! Kmo- mo mxnem uac 3a noeodox... Kmo-mo uac xonmponupyem... u omo xopoiuo... Xa xa xo xo xo xo xa xa xu xu xu XO XO xu xu XAAA! Cne yeT 3aKOHHHTb npaKTMKy xnonKOM B naflomn M no3,n;paB/ieHMeM Bcex M ce6n caMMx npn noMomn an /io MCMeHTOB: Omnunno npodenano! Xopoiuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuucn CSOUMU nabnwdenuxMu 3a omou npaxmuxou oco3naHuocmu. • npaKTMKa “n^aBaHMe 3a ceMb MOpeii” CKaacMTe rpynne: Xopoiuo... BCE BCTAEM! OTJIMHHO! TEIJEPb IJOBTOPRMTE 3A MHOM! Horn TpeHepa

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^ ^

—

^

flOTDKHbl

OCTaBaTbCH Ha

CTopoHy... 3aTeM

—

OflHOM

^

MeCTe, nOKa OH TflHeTCfl BCeM TenOM B OflHy

—

. 3aTeM CKaacnTe: BAY! MbI MO PXKM CEMM MOPEM! BMffMTE, KAK JlOffKA PACKAHMBAETGX HA BOJ1HAX ? OflHOBpeMeHHO npn3biBan rpynny noBTOpHTb Banin paocaHMBaK)Hj;MeCH BM)KeHMH, KaK 6y TO KOpa6nb HfleT no MOpCKMM BOTIHaM, CKa>KMTe:

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B flpyryio cTopoHy

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YpoK 12.06yHeHne 0C03HaHH 0CTu: nacTb 2 421

O -m-M ... OTA BOJ1HA OHEHb BOJIbUlAX ... YHHHH ... BEPETMTECb, OHA MflET B flpyryto CTOPOHY... U cnoea eo3epatu,aemcx... YAA... MbI HE MOTKEM EE KOHTPOJIMPOBATb! M amo xopotuo! Mu ee ne KonmponupyeM , no ece e nopxdKe... YHMM... Xa xa xo xo xo xa xa xa xo xo xo xo... Xu-xu... xu-xu-xu! C/ieflyeT 3aK0HHHTb npaicraKy xnonKOM B jiaflOHM, no3flpaBMTb M noxBanMTb Bcex ynacTHMKOB M caMoro ce6n npn noMomn annoMCMeHTOB: Omnunnax pa6oma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuucx ceouMU nabnwdenuxMU 3a amou npaKmuKou oco3 HauHocmu. IlpaKTHKa “ManeHbKMe u,bimiHTa” CKaacnTe rpynne: Xopotuo... BCE BCTAEM! OTJIMHHO! TETlEPb HOBTOPXWTE 3A MHOM! TpeHep BHanane yKa3biBaeT Ha noTonoK n 3aTeM KppiHMT 6 bicipo noBTopnTb Bee ero #eM CTBHH: OcmopoxcHo! He6o nadaem! MMK! YPA! 3aTeM MHCTpyKTop js,o/DKeH HanaTb xnonaTb pyxaMM, KaK u, binnHTa Kpbi /ibHMH, npM3biBan BCIO rpynny npMCoeflMHMTbCH. IlycTb Bee xnonaiOT pyKaMM M 6eraiOT no Kpyry, M3flaBan Ky axTaion Me 3ByKn. MHCTpyKTopy cneflyeT 3aKpnnaTb: 3decb Hem HUKO eo, Kpoue nac, u,unnxm! He6o nadaem na Hac! HEBO TIAffAET HA HAC! YbeeaeM ... YEETAEM! C/ieflyeT 3aKOHwrb npaiernKy xnonKOM B naflOHM, nosflpaBMTb M noxBannTb Bcex ynacTHMKOB n caMoro ce 6n npw noMomn anno MCMeHTOB: Omnunnax paboma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMcx CBOUMU nabnwdenuxMU 3a amou npaxmuKOu oco3 HaHmcmu. HE ayiocb!” ( KaK “flasawTe ycxpouM McrepuKy”) . Cxa IlpaKTHKa )KMTe ynacTHMKaM: Xopotuo... BCE BCTAEM ! OTJIHTHO! Tenepb noemopxume 3a MHOU ! ffABAMTE HAHHEM ffYTbCX ! MnrKan y/ibi6 Ka n c/ierKa npnnoAHHTbie 6 poBn: O, HET... TOJIbKO HE cnoea dymbcx! X BOBCE HE XOHY 3T0T0! CflenaiiTe nnijo HeflOBonbHbiM w TonaiiTe HoraMn: noneuy amo x donncen? 3mo Henecmno! TonaiiTe HoraMM: Bu donncnu omnocumbcx KO MHe dobpee! QjenawTe Ha 6 onbinyio nay3y: Xopotuo, menepb ece cadumecb u npxHbme nuu,o e nadonxx! Bucmpo, npxuo ceunac! IlHCTpyKTop ca jiyncx , npnneT nnijo M 3aKpbiBaeTCH pyKaMn: Tenepb ece ecmaeaume u monaume noeaMu! A menepb npunoncume munbnyw cmopony nadonu KO n6y u cxaMume: OOOOOO, TOPE MHE! Cnoea... OOOOOOOOO , TOPE MHE! Tenepb TOHAHTE HOTAMH! Cnoea... MHE TAK WIOXO! TOPE MHE! M etu,e pa3... MHE TAK WIOXO! TOPE MHE! C/ieflyeT 3aKOHHMTb npaKTMKy XTionKOM B naflOHM , no3,o;paBnTb M noxBanuTb Bcex ynacTHMKOB M caMoro ce6n npn noMoiijH annoflMCMeHTOB: Omnunnax paboma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMcx ceouMu nabnwdenuxMU 3a amou npaKmu -

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Kou 0C03 MHH 0CmU

•

.

npaKTMKa CTpoeBoro Mapnia “MbI CYPOBbl M KPYTbl” (aTa necHb ( yum ee MOTHB) AO/DKHa HanoMMHaTb CTmib n pMTM BoeHHbix Mapinew, KO-

422 fhasa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO RUT Topwe noiOTCH BO BpeMH noxofla MJIM COBMCCTHOM TpeHMpOBKPi ). CKa cMTe ynacTHMKaM: XOPOUIO. . BCE BCTAEM! OTJIMHHO! MHTKO y/ibi6HHTecb, cnerKa npwnoflHflB 6poBM, M npOKpMHMTe: XOPOUIO! MAPIUMPYEM BCE BMECTE! TpeHep on ceH HanaTb PMTMMHHO MapmnpoBaTb, aKTHBHO pa3-

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nOBTOPUMTE 3A MHOM M ffEJIAMTE TO 3KE, HTO MU ! MbI CYPOBbl MKPYTbl, nOTOMY HTO 3&&EKTMBHbl M BCETffA TMXM! IIpoflOTDKaMTe MapnmpoBaTb Ha MecTe, npocTHO pasMaxMBan pyxaMM: MbI CYPOBbl, M 3T0 XOPOUIO! HAM HY )KHbI JJETAJIM HA KAIKJJOM IUATY! npo,n;on^caMTe rnaraTb Ha MecTe M pa3MaxMBaTb pyxaMM B TaKT rnaraM: MbI CYPOBbl M KPYTbl, HOTOMY HTO BETAEM BOKPYT, B HEM MATE POflMJIA! YPA! YPA! YPA! TpeHep MO>KeT CBO 6 O,H;HO ,n;o6aB iTb CTPOKM co6 cTBeHHoro COHMHCHMH RJW TBopnecKoro ^ yflHMHeHMH STOW neceHKM. CneflyeT 3aKOHHHTb npaKTHKy xnonKOM B HM, no3fl, paBMTb M noxBaTiHTb Bcex yqacTHMKOB M caMoro ce6n npw noMomn an /iOAMCMeHTOB: Omnunuax paboma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMcx CBOUMU nabnwdenmMU 3a omou npaxmuxou oco3nauHocmu. IIpaKTHKa “ KpMHaiipiM IIOMMflOP” CKa >KMTe rpynne: Xopotuo... BCE BCTAEM! OTJIMHHO! TEnEPb MOBTOPUMTE 3A MHOM ! Bee KpunuM “nOMMflOP!” TxneMcx 6 ne6o! Kpunuu... “nOMMffOP!” Tenepb co exy COM : “nOMMflOP!” Tenepb c umanbxucxuM axt enmoM ! MAMA MMA, nOMMffOPO! 3TO nOMMflOPO, O, MAMA MMA! Ilocne 3Toro TpeHep nepeKnioHaeTai M KPMHHT: O , Hem! U xomen cKa3amb “KAPTOUIKA”! Bu empo, 6 cey 6bicmpee... domponbmecb do 3eM7iu u npotuennume “KAPTOUI KA!” Cnoea... HO uxene! “KAPTOUIKA!” Eu\e odunpa3, npoemo nmobbiyw mourn Haeepmxa... HO menepb onem muxo... “KAPTOUIKA!” Cne yeT MaxMBan pynaMn B TaKT: TETIEPb

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3aKOHHMTb npaKTMKy xnonKOM B /iaflOHM,

no3,zjpaBMTb

^

ce6ii npn noMomn annoflncMeHTOB: Omnunnax paboma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMcx CBOUMU uabnwde HUXMU 3a omoii npaxmuxou oco3 HaHHOcmu. IIpaKTHKa “ IIlMpoKMe HcecTbi ” CKa>KMTe rpynne: Xopotuo... Bee ecmaem! Tenepb noemopxume 3a MHOU ! Iloc/ie STOTO TpeHep flOJDKeH HanaTb reHepnpoBaTb BbipanceHMH jmu,a n pa3;mHHbie TeTio Bn ^ceHMH, oflHOBpeMeHHo onwcbiBafl CBOM flencTBHH n npn 3bmaH ynacTHHKOB noBTopnTb 3a HUM. HanpnMep: Xopotuo, daeaume ece nodnuMeM 6poeu... ffaeaume ux nodnuMeu u onycmuM ... a menepb ceedume ena3a u cMoptu,ume eybbi. Tenepb pacmxuume eybbi u omxpoume pom xax MOOKHO tuupe... ffaeaume ena3a moxce pacKpoeM xax MOXCHO tuupe! Bbimxnume nodanbtue X 3ux, nodnuMume enoeb 6 poeu u pacmxnume ece nuu,eebie MbituUybi. ffaeaume, cunbnee! Tenepb xax MOMHO cunbnee coMuume ena3a u coxcuume ece nuiteebie Mbiwupi. Hanpx-

ynacTHMKOB M caMoro

•

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M noxBa HTb Bcex

^

YpoK 12. OSyneHMe 0C03HaHH 0dn: nacTb 2 423

eaume cunbuee, cujibH.ee ... menepb omnycmume Hanpxxcenue... nocmenenno , Mednenno, eu\e Med /iennee . Xopotuo , menepb ... noKpymume eojioeou U 3 cmo pOHbi e cmopony, eepx u BHW3, pacmxnume u nanpxeume Kaxcdyw Mbituuy. IloMaccupyume Mbimuiu nui a pyKauu . IlomxHumecb pyxauu eepx K nomoji Ky u omKpoume pyxu naecmpeny ne6ecaM ! C/ieAyeT 3aKOHHMTb npaKTMKy xnonKOM B naflOHM , no3ApaBMTb n noxBannTb Bcex ynacTHMKOB n caMoro ce6n nppi noMomn annoflMCMeHTOB: Omnunnax pa6oma! Xopotuo , menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuucx ceouuu HadnwdenuxMU 3a omou npaxmu -

^

KOU 0 C 03 HaHH 0CmU .

•

IIpaKTMKa “IlycTafl 6onTOBHfl” CKa >KMTe rpynne: Xopotuo ... BCE BCTAEM ! OTJimHO! TEllEPb UOBTOPXMTE 3 A MHOPI! CxaMume " EJIA*. Tenepb noemopume: “BJ1A”. CKawume: “BJIY- BJIMII J4 BJlMllTM - BJiyn!” XOPOUIO , menepb CKaMume “BJIMTlTM - BH - BA - BJlMIITH - BJiy!” QjenawTe nay3y, oflHOBpeMeHHO y/ibi6 ancb M noAAep>KMBafl 3pnTe/ibHbiM KOH TaKT c ynacTHHKaMM. He 3a6biBanTe npnnoAHMMaTb 6poBM: Tax yxce nymue . ffABAMTE CflEJIAEM 3T0 EPOMHE! CKaMume: aOXPOM ! n CxaMume: “OXPOMMMM!” CxaMume cmea : “OXXPPPOMMMMMMM !” Xopotuo, ece 6 Mecme... ffaeaume menepb CKaxceM : TOB7IEffMrYK ! 3TO HOBBIPl X3BIK!” Bbi o neu eu\e ne cnbiiuanu? BY .. BY .. BJIMKEPM - BJIOK M 0TIO nMTM -O / IOn C ffOH - ffOH - POM ! 0JIMIJTM - XEM - XPO M MOU HO 30 30! 0 OPMMTM - BM M 0PA HKM JIM - CM M KOnJlMTM -0JlY PI MOKPIH JlTPl-CY! C/ieflyeT 3aKOHHMTb npaKTMKy xnonKOM B naflOHM, no3ApaBMTb M noxBanpiTb Bcex ynacTHMKOB M caMoro ce6n npM noMOiijM amiOAMCMeHTOB: Omnunnaxpa6oma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuucx ceo U M U HadnwdenuxMU 3a omou npaxmuKou oco3 HaHHocmu . IIpaKTMKa “BoccoeflMHeHMe c imeMeHeM” TpeHep AOTDKCH 3apaHee npw HecTM pa3Hbie My3biKa;ibHbie MHCTpyMeHTbi ( He Tpe6yiomMe o6yneHMfl RJIX MCn 07Ib30BaHM.fl ) Ha 3aHHTHe M nOnpOCMTb ynaCTHMKOB B3HTb no OAHOMy M3 HMX. IIpaKTMKa HaHMHaeTCH c/iOBaMM Xopotuo . .. ece ecmaubme! Bo3 b Mume e pyxu ceou uHcmpyMenmbL u noemopxume 3 a MHOU . 3aTeM TpeHep HanMHaeT PMTMMHHO CTynaTb no 6apa 6aHy MTIM 3BeHeTb K0/i0 K 07ibHHK0M, B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT TOTO, HTO OH Bbl6pa /I, y/Ibl 6 aflCb M C /ieTKa npnnOAHMMaH 6poBM, noompaa ynacTHMKOB npncoeAMHMTbCfl. TpeHep Aon >KeH npM3biBaTb ynacTHMKOB BbinonHHTb ynpa >KHeHMe 6e3 OT/IHAKM, npocTO 6MTB B 6apa6aH MTIM 3BeHeTb Ko/ioKo/ibHMKOM TaK, 6yAT0 P^ AOM HMKOTO HCT. CneAyeT 3aKOHHMTb npaKTMKy xnonKOM B naAOHM, no3ApaBMTb M noxBanMTb Bcex ynacTHMKOB n caMoro ce 6n npn noMomM annoAMCMeHTOB: Omnunnax padoma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume node /iuMcx ceouMU na6nw denuxMU 3a amou npaxmuKOU oco3 HaHmcmu . '

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424 Vnasa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO RUT

• IIpaKTMKa “Diynwe noxoflicn u 3ByKn”. CKa>KMTe ynacTHHKaM: Xopotuo... BCE BCTAEM ! Tenepb noemopxume 3a MHOU ! 3aTeM TpeHep HannHaeT xoAMTb no KOMHaTe n roBopnTb r /iynocra, y/ibi6ancb M TJIXRX B ma3a BceM ynacranKaM, nocronHHO MCHHH HanpaB/ieHne n TeMy pa 3roBopa. Hanpn Mep, npo6ywTe M TM , Kax rycbmn ( BBICOKO no HUMan npnMbie Horn B CTO poHbi Ha Kaxc OM rnary) nnn BnpncnflKy ( r /iy6oKO npnceflan Ha Ka^KflOM mare n n3,a;aBafl CTpaHHbie 3ByKn ), nnn Kax ManeHbKne ijbin /iHTa (xo n no xpyry n xnonan pyxaMn, KaK Kpbi /ibHMn , oflHOBpeMeHHO Ky axTan ), nnn “6y-6y” ( Kpa,o;nTecb BOKpyr, aKKOMnaHnpyn ce6e HjenKaHbeM nanbijaMn ). TpeHep MO>KeT cnomnHO npn ,n;yMbiBaTb CBOH rnynwe cnoco 6w xo nTb n n3flaBaTb 3Byxn n noompnTb ynacTHnKOB nocTynaTb Tax >Ke. CneflyeT 3aKOHHnTb npaKTnKy xnonKOM B naflOHH , no3 paBHTb n noxBannTb Bcex ynacTHnKOB n caMoro ce6n npn noMonjn annoflncMeHTOB: Omnmnax pa6oma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMex ceouuu nadnwdeUUXMU 3a amou npaianuKOu oco3 HauHocmu.

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• IIpaKTMKa“ ft BOBce HE sasHaiocb, H npocTO Tiynine Bcex!” CKa>KnTe rpyn ne: Xopotuo... BCE BCTAEM! OTJIMHHO! TETIEPb TJOBTOPftMTE 3A MHOM! Hodnuuume noddopodox eucoxo, pacnpaebme nnenu, eutue eonoey! Pa3ex3uax noxodKa! TpeHepy cne,u;yeT pacxa^cnBaTb rop,n;on noxo xon. Te-

^

HPOHb C MOEM ffOPOTM! PA3BE Bbl HE 3HAETE, KTO ft? ft OHEHb BAJKHAft TIEPCOHA! HTO Bbl 0 CEBE ffYMATE? XPPPPMMMPPP! IIpoAO/DKanTe pacxancnBaTb BOKpyr n n3flaBaTb 3Byxn xppMMppp enj,e 10-15 c. C/ieflyeT 3aKOHHnTb npaKTnxy xnonaHbeM B na OHn, no3ApaBHTb n noxBannTb Bcex ynacranKOB n caMoro ce6n npn noMonjn annoflncMeHTOB: Omnunnax padoma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMex CBOUMU nadnwdenuxMU 3a amou npaKmuKOu oco3nannocmu. npaKTMKa MJIio6oBb K ny6nnHHOMy yHnaceHino” IIonpocHTe Bcex ynacTHHKOB 3aHHTnn BCTaTb, noflHHTb pyKn Ha# ronoBon n npoKpnnaTb B yHn COH: TJYBJIMHHOE YHHJKEHHE, X TEBft 7IIOBJIK)! Cnoea: HYBJ1HH HOE YHHJKEHHE , ft TEBft JHOBJHO! TIodnuMume pyxu eutue... menepb epoMHe! HYBJIHHHOE YHVDKEHHE, ft TEBft JHOBJHO! Cnoea: HYBJIHH HOE YHMJKEHHE, ft TEBft JHOBJHO! Cnoea, monbKO e amom pa3 cynudKOU ! HYBJIHHHOE YHMftCEHHE , ft TEBft JHOBJHO! Ew,e paa , no e amom pa3 daeaume npoeepuM , cuoxceu nu MU pactuamamb 3danue! HodnuMume eatuu pyxu eucoKo! HYBJIHHHOE YHHJKEHHE , ft TEBft JHOBJHO! Cne p;yeT 3aKOHHHTb npaKTnxy xnonaHbeM B na oHn, no3,n;paBnTb n noxBannTb Bcex ynacTHnKOB n caMoro ce 6n npn noMomn anno ncMeHTOB: Omnmnax padoma! Xopotuo, menepb cadumecb u daeaume nodenuMex ceouMu nadnw denuxMu 3a amou npaxmuKou oco3uannocmu. nepb KpnHHTe:

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YpoK 12. 06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTm nacTb 2 425

( 06fl 3aTeAbHo ) npaKTMHecKoe ynpa^KHeHHe MuHU - ynpaxcHeHue “ denmeAi> Hocmi> 663 njiamipoSaHun” 3aKOHHMTe 3aHHTMe MMnpOBM3MpOBaHHOM MMHM -npaKTMKOM “ffeHTeJIbHOCTM 6e3 nnaHMpoBaHMH” Bbi 6 epMTe OAMH M 3 npMMepoB, npeftCTaB/ieH Hbix Bbirne ( HanpwMep, npaKTMKy “ K)xy - y - y! fl meHOK!” MJIM “ fl. BOBce ) HE 3a3HaK Cb, x npocTO Jiynme BCEX!” ), M 6e 3 npeflynpe^fleHMB npOBe MTe KopOTKyio ( 30-60 c) npaKTMKy. OKOHHMTC npaKTMKy Bceo 6 m; MMM annoAMCMeHTaMM M 3aTeM, 6e3 Aa /ibHeMinero o6cy >K i] eHMH , nepeM MTe K Ha3Ha HeHMio flOManiHero 3a aHMB.

—

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(

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1

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YpoK 12. /\ oManiHee 3a/\ aHne 1 . ( 06fl 3aTe/IbHO ) YnaCTHMICOB Heo6xOffMMO nonpOCMTb Bbl 6paTb O HH npnMep M 3 pa3flaTOHHbix MaTepnanoB n pa6oHMX JIMCTOB no “oTKpwToMy HadjnofleHMio” “necTHOMy onncaHMio” n “flenTejibHOCTM 6e3 njiaHM poBaHim” fljin 3Toro MM Heo6xoftHMO BOcnojib30BaTbCH cjieflyiomMMM

^

MaTepnanaMM.

• Pa6oHMii JIMCT 12.A, wHaBbiKM « OTKpbiToro Ha6niola;eHMH » ,> • Pa3flaTOHHbiii MaTepnan 12.1, “HaBbiK « HecTHoro onncaHMH »: KOHTMHyyM 0C03HaHH0CTM”

• Pa6onMM

JIMCT

12.E, “BBefleHMe

AenTejibHOCTM

6e3

njiamipoBaHMH B

>>

npMBbIHKy

2. ( 06B 3aTenbHo ) Pa6oHMM JIMCT 12. B , “TpM HaBbiKa « HTO »: AHCBHMK eace ffHeBHOM npaKTMKM HaBbIKOB « OTKpbITOrO Ha6jIIOAeHMM » , « HeCTHOTO onMcaHMH » M « He3anjiaHMpoBaHHOM fleHTejibHOCTM »”. YnacTHMKaM cjie AyeT BOcnonb30BaTbCB STMM JIMCTOM RJIX 3anncM Toro, KaK npoxoAMT MX npaKTMKa.

3. (flononHMTejibHo) IIonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB onMCbiBaxb BCJiyx KOHTMHyyM

-

0 C03HaHH0CTM Hae MHe C CaMMMM C060 M MJIM B HbeM TO npMCyTCTBMM

IIpM3bIBaMTe

^

.

MX MCn 0JIb30BaTb npaKTMKy npOrOBapMBaHMH KOHTMHyyMa

0C03HaHH0CTM BO BpeMB KOH ( )7IMKTOB M Ha6 jIK>AaTb 3a TeM, KaK 3TO BJIMH

J

-

eT Ha OTHOineHMB. 3Ta AonojiHMTejibHaB npaKTMKa “ npoABMHyToro” ypoBHH MO>KeT CTaTb no;ie3HbiM flononHeHMeM K AOManmeMy 3a aHMio RJIX Tex ynacTHMKOB, KOTopwe y>Ke npoxoAMJiM STOT TpeHMHr PO flTIT XOTH 6bi pa3.

^

426 f /iaBa 5. fliiaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

PaflMKaflbHasi oTKpbuocTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbiM MaTepna /1 1 2 . 1 HaBbiK "necTHoro onncaHHfl " : KomnHyyM oco 3 HaHHOCTH • KoHmunyyM oco3 HaHHOcmu STO npaKTMKa “Hecraoro oimcaHMH”, KO-

.

Topan npMMeHHeTCH B PO flllT

•

IIpaKTHKy KOHTMHyyMa oco3HaHHOCTM MOTKHO nposoAMTb cneAyiomMM

o6pa30M.

• B o MHOHecTBe, npoM 3HOCH (J)pa3bi npo ce 6fl . ^ • B o MHonecTBe, npon3HOCH (J) pa3bi Bc/iyx. • C flpymM ne/iOBeKOM, npoM3Hoai (J) pa3bi Bcnyx. • B He 6o/ibiiiOM rpynne, npoM 3 HOCH opMbi BHyTpeHHux co6wTMM 1/1 noA;6MpaTb MM Ha 3BaHHH (MMCJIM, omymeHHH, nyBCTBa n npeA -

^

• •

.

CTaBneHMii )

•

OHa npeflocTaBjraeT B03M0)KH0CTb npaKTHKOBaTb onucaHne CO6CTBCHHoro BOCnpMHTHH 6e3 o6bHCHeHMM, OI eHOK M 7IM 3aiIJMTbI. 3TO n 03B0/m eT BbicBo6 oAMTb SHeprnio ATIH Toro, HTO6M HanaTb 3aMenaTb B co6 cTBeH HOM >KM3HM HTO-TO eni;e, a TaioKe Bbi3BaTb nyBCTBO co6 cTBeHHoro AOCTO MHCTBa, KOTOpoe He Hy)KHO nOCTOHHHO 3an MH aTb. OHa npeAOCTaBTiHeT B03M0>KH0CTb nonpaKTHKOBaTbCH B onncaHHH

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•

^ ^

CBOHX

nepeHCMBaHMM APyroMy nenoBeKy, Bbipaxcan OAHOBpeMeHHO

.

cKpoMHOCTb H caMoyBanceHMe

• CKpOMHOCntby

KOHTMHyyMa 0C03HaHH0CTM CMT HanM3MpyeT ApyroMy nenoBeKy o TOM, HTO Harne BoenpMHTne MO>KeT 6biTb noTeHAManbHO oniM6oHHbiM; OHO He HBJIRQTCR a6coniOTHOM ncnOTOMy

HTO npaKTMKa

TMHOM.

• CaMoyeaweHue,

noTOMy HTO npaKTMKa KOHTMHyyMa

oco3HaHHOCTM

-

cMTHanM3MpyeT oKpy caiomMM o TOM, HTO MW 6epeM Ha ce 6n OTBCT CTBeHHOCTb 3a co6cTBeHHoe BoenpMHTMe, a He O 6BMHHCM B HeM niOAen

^

.

M 7IM BeCb MMp OHa nOMOTaeT nOMHMTb, HTO MbI CaMM Bbl6 MpaeM CBOK) peanbHOCTb, M HMKTO He B CM /iax BbmyAMTb Hac BocnpMHMMaTb MMp,

AyMaTb M 7IM HyBCTBOBaTb OnpeAeTieHHbIM o6pa30M.

YpoK 12 . 06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTu : nacib 2 427

HeTbipe rnara npaKTMKM KOHTMHyyivia oco3HaHHOCTM Illar 1 . HaHHMTe c npon3HeceHHH cnosa H " 3TO nocnyacMT CMTHa /iOM RJIH. Bac caMMX M OKpyacaiomMX o TOM, HTO MMCH HO Bbl HBTIHeTeCb MCTOHHMKOM Ha6niOAeHMfl.

Illar 2. IIoHCHifTe, HTO pent MACT 06 oco3HaHHOM Ha6/noAeHMM, o6asiiB cno-

^

BO “0C03HaK)”

Illar 3. Ha30BiiTe o6i> eKT Ha6niop;eHHB, K /iaccH< j> MijMpyH ero B COOTBCTCTBMM C OftHOH M3 HeTbipeX B03M0)KHbIX (})OpM: OmyiljeHMH, 3MOIJMM M HyBCTBa, npe cTaBTieHMB M MWCJIM.

^ OmymeHMH

•

BKTIIOHaiOT Bee TO, HTO Bbl MCnbITbIBaeTe npM nOMOIIJM nBTM ( , nyBCTB cnyx BKyc, ocH3aHMe, o 6 oHHHMe M 3peHMe ) . " SMOI MM M nyscTBa BKTiiOHaioT 3MOu;MOHanbHbie nepe>KMBaHMH, HacTpoeHwe ( HanpMMep, crpax M /IM TpeBOMCHOCTb ), no6 y>KAeHMfl , MMnynbCbi M / M /IM MCENAHMH ( HanpMMep, ace/iaHMe BMMTM M3 KOMHaTbi ) .

^

•

IIpeflCTaBneHMH B npoijecce npaKTMKM KOHTMHyyMa oco3HaHHOCTM O6MH HO OTHOCflTCfl K npOIHTIOMy ( HanpMMep, BOCnOMMHaHMH ) M 7IM HTeHMIO MbicneM OKpyacaioiAMx ( HanpMMep, npe cTaBneHMe o TOM , HTO AyMaeT M /IM nyBCTByeT Apyroft He /iOBex ). MblCJIM 3TO KOrHMTMBHbIM OnbIT HaCTOfllljerO MOMeHTa ( HanpMMep, MbIC /IM 06 M3yneHMM KOHTMHyyMa 0 C03HaHH0CTM M /IM MbIC /IM O MaTeMaTM necKOM 3aflane ).

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Illar 4. OnMiHMTe coAepacaHMe Ha6/iK> AeHMH, He Bj asancb B ajibHeiimMe o6T>HCHeHMH, paiJMOHa 7IM3aU, MK) M7IM oijeHKy. • M36eraiiTe rpoM03AKMx eAMHHeTCH ABA M /IM 6o/iee Ha6/iK> AeHMH. HMMce npMBeAeHbi cooTBeTCTByioiijMe npMMepbi. • ILCHAH 4> opMy7iMpoBKa: “51 oco3Haio nyBCTBO rpycTM ” co epMCMT TO/ibKO OAHO Ha 6niOAeHMe nyBCTBO. • rp0M03AKaa < j>opMy/mpoBKa: “51 oco3Haio nyBCTBO rpycTM, noTOMy HTO TO/ibxo HTO y MeHH B03HMK 7ia Mbicnb o MoeM noTepHBiiieMCH co6aice, KO Topan y6e>xa /ia TpM HeAe/iM Ha3aA” BK /nonaeT o6bHCHeHMe B03HMKmero nyBCTBa rpycTM, M B pe3y/ibTaTe c/iMBaeTcn cpa3y Hecxo/ibKO Ha6/noAeHMM ( nyBCTBO rpycTM cnyTbmaeTCH c MMC/IHMM M BOcnoMMHaHMHMM o noTepHBmeMCH co6axe ). w • PeAaKTMpOBaHMe” AonycTMMO. Mo>xeTe CBO6OAHO Bbi6MpaTb, HTO BBI 6yAeTe Ha3bmaTb M /IM neM ReimTbcn c OKpy >KaioiAMMM. Bo3MO>KHOCTb coxpa -

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—

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428 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AflT HMTb npMBaTHOCTb onpe#e;ieHHbix >KM 3HeHHbix c f y e p

K)ni, aH He 3aBMCMMOCTM.

• IIOJIb3yMTeCb

—

Ba CHan cocTaBnn -

^

KOHTMHyyMOM 0 C03HaHH0CTM BO BpeMH CnopOB H KOH -

. HanpwMep, BMCCTO Toro HTO6M roBopMTb: “Tbi MCHH pa303/mn”,

KTOB

“ R 0C03oco3Haio CBoe npeflcraBTieHMe o TOM, HTO TM npe HaMepeHHo nbiTaenibcn MCHH pa303;inTb”

MCnOTIb3yMTe npOTOKOTI KOHTMHyyMa OC03HaHHOCTM M CKa)KMTe:

Haio nyBCTBO 3/IOCTM

^

vum

YpoK 12. 06yneHMe 0C03 HaHH 0CTki : nacTb 2 429

PaAMKd /ibHasi oTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbiM MaTepna /1 12.2 OcHOBHbie no^oxeHUJi ypoKa 1 2 . OSyneHMe oco 3 HaHHOCTM : nacTb 2

HaBbiKH HTO 1. B PO flllT BbiflennioT Tpii HaBbiKa oco3HaHHOcm HTO , KOTOpbie npeflCTaBTiHioT CO 6 OM pa 3Hbie cnoco6 bi npaKTMKM oco3HaHHocTM: omKpumoe nadnwde -

nue, necmnoe onucanue M dexmenbHoemb 6e3 nnanupoeanm. ( )MHr - MeflMTaijMfl ” 2. “ Cep|

—

oco3HaHHOcra , KOTopaa yHMT He peampoBaTb Ha Kaacfloe no6y>KfleHHe, HMny/ibc VUIM >KenaHMe , HanpMMep no6y>KfleHMe MCnpaBTIHTb, KOHTpO/IMpOBaTb, OTpHl aTb M7IM M36eraTb. 3TO npaKTMKa

^

—

3. KoHTMHyyM oco3HaHHOCTM 3TO K /noneBafl npaKTMKa “ MHTerpanbHoro onu caHMfl ” B PO, KOTopyio TaiOKe MO>KHO Mcnonb30BaTb RJIK npaKTMKM caMopacKpbiTMH. OHa noMoraeT ynacTHMKaM B3HTb Ha ce 6 x OTBeTCTBeHHOcTb 3a CBOM omymeHMH, 3a 6noKMpoBaTb npMBbiHHoe >Ke/iaHne onpaB aTbcn vmi/i ocy HTb ce6n M pa37IMHMTb MbICTBt , HyBCTBa, OmyiB eHMH H o6 pa3bI. 3TO KHIOHeBOM cnoco6 o 6yneHMH TOMy, KaK OTKa3aTbcn OT npwBbiHHoro caMOo6BHHeHMH MTIH

.

^

^

o6BMHeHHH OKpy^CaK)D4MX B CBOMX peaKIJMHX. 4. 06yneHMe “ He3amiaHMpoBaHHOM ” enTe/ibHOCTM 03HanaeT o6yneHMe ynaCTMK) B Co 6 cTBeHHOM >KM 3HM M >KH3HM COo 6 lJLlieCTBa C nOTIHOM CaMOOTflaHeM , OTKa3aBHincb OT KOMny/ibCMBHoro n /iaHupoBaHMB, peneTMU, MH M / M /IM o6cecCMBHOM noTpe 6 HOCTM flenaTb Bee npaBwnbHO.

^

430 I /iaBa 5 . rinaHbi ypoKOB PO RUT

PaflMKajibHaji OTKpbiTOCTb. PCI 6 OHHH

JIMCT

12.A

HaBbiKM "oTKpbuoro HabjiiofleHna " Oco3 HaHi/ie Hacronmero MOMeHTa 1/1 KOHLjGHTpam/ifl BHi/iMaHi/m Ha HacTOHii eM

^

... BYflyiMEE ElME

nPOLUJlOE MI/IHy/10...

HE HACTyni/mo

Mni, MTe BO3MO>KHOCTM npaKTMKOBaTb oco3HaHHoe Ha67nofleHMe. OmMembme ymeepncdenux, Komopbie naunyrnuuM o6pa30 M onbim

onucbieawm

earn

.

noMHMTb o TOM, HTO MW npoxcMBaeM CBOK) >KM 3Hb ceMHac: Bee, HTO y Hac

,

eCTb

—

3TO TOTIbKO

.

HaCTOHIIJMM MOMCHT

npaKTMKOBaTb 0C03HaHH0CTb HCb

KatfCflOTO HaCTOHmeTO MOMeHTa, He nblTa -

ero H3MeHMTb MM flaTb eMy o6o3HaneHMe.

npMMepw npaKTMKM “ oTKpMToro Ha 6AK> AeHMH ” IJoManyucma, omuembme me ymeepncdenm, Komopbie naunyrnuuM o6pa30 M onucueawm earn onbim. IIpaKTMKOBaTb 0 C 03HaHH0CTb, MCnOJIb3yfl OflMH MJIM 6oJiee qyBCTB: o6oHHHMe ( 3a^cenb apoMaTMnecKyio cBeny), ocfl3aHMe ( OTpOHyTbcn ,n;o rpy6ow noBepxHOCTPi), 3pemie (nocMOTpeTb Ha ropn30HT), cnyx (npMc/iy-

^

HiaTbCH K 3ByKaM BOKpyr ), BKyC ( OTMeTMTb pa3Hbie BKyCbl).

npaKTMKOBaTb KaHC blM fteHb CnOCo6HOCTb CM eTb HenOftBM)KHO nHTb MMHyT M Ha6 jnoflaTb 3a HbixaHMeM. 06 pamume enuManue na dbixanue, ne nbimaumecb nu na uomy ezo U 3Memimb, npocmo nonnocmbw 6ydbme e HacmoKtu eM , npunaeaume MaxcuMyM ycunuu , nmo6 bi cnedumb 3a eceu npodonMumenbuocmbK) edoxa u eceu npodonncumenbrncmbw ebidoxa . Koeda 3aMemume, nmo pa3 yu omenexaemcn, MXZKO eo3 epatu,aume enuManue na

^

.

^

YpoK 12. 06yHeHne oco3 HaHHOdn: nacib 2 431

dbixanue enoeb u enoeb. Mcnonb3yume amy npaKmuKy 6 Kcmecmee nanoMuH d H u x o mom, nmo 6 BL caftiu 6 bi6 updeme, Kydd ndnpdenxmb ceoe enuudHue. CxoflHTb B My3eii MCKyccTBa IIpaKTMKyMTe HadniofleHne 3a pa3HbiMM o6,beKTaMM c 6^M3Koro M OT a^eHHoro paccTOHHMH. 06pamaTb BHMMaHwe Ha TO, KaKoe B/iiiHHMe OKa3biBaioT Ha Bac pa3Hbie TOHKM 3peHMB B npoijecce Ha 6nK) a,eHMH. IIpaKTHKOBaTb Ha6 jnop;eHMe 3a nepnoftaMH BpeMeHM, Kor#a BW ecTeCTBCHHblM o6 pa30M CKJIOHHbl 6o7IbUie npOHB /IHTb OTKpbITOCTb. 3anMCbI BaTb CBOH Ha6nio ii eHMH B >KypHan caMOwcc/ie OBaHMH PO. Oco3HaHHO Ha6nioflaTb 3a TeM, KaK MOM TOJIOC BTIMHCT Ha OKpy>Kaioiu(Mx. 3anncbiBaTb CBOH Ha6/uofleHMB B >KypHan caMOMcaieflOBaHMH PO. Oco3HaHHO Hadnio aTb 3a TeM, HTO npoMcxo MT, Kor a H npMnoftHMMaio 6posM M ynw6aiocb BO speMH o6ni,eHMH. Oco3HaHHO Ha6nK)p;aTb 3a TeM, KTO 6ojibme rosopMT BO BpeMH o6meHMH. Ha 6;noflaMTe 3a TeM, HTO npoMcxo MT, Korfla BH HTO-TO fle/iaeTe He ^ Tax, KaK npMBbiKTiM ( T.e. 6o bme roBopwTe MTIM 6onbme cnymaeTe ). ^ Ha6nK>AaTb 3a TeM, KaK pearapyiOT nioflM, Kor a noHMMaiOT, HTO y MCHH ^ 6buio cnei nanbHo BbiflejieHHoe BpeMH Ha OTftbix Oco3HaHHo Ha6;iio aTb 3a TeM, KaKoe BJIMHHMC OKa3biBaioT MHTKan yjibi 6Ka M cnerKa npMnoflHHTbie 6 poBM Ha nenoBeKa, c KOTopwM H o6 uja-

. ^

1

^

1 1

^

^

^

.

^

^

.

K)Cb

Ha6;no3aTb 3a TenecHbiMM omymeHMHMM ( HanpwMep, BHe3anHoe omymeHwe >Kapa MHM ycMTieHHoe noTooTAe/ieHMe ) , a 3aTeM yniy6/iHTb CBOIO npaK TMKy npM noMomM MeflMTaijMM caMOMecneflOBaHMH.

npaKTMKOBaTb cep< j>MHr-MeflMTaijMK), oco3HaHHO HaGnio HMHMM , MMnynbcaMM M )KenaHMHMM , He

noflflaBancb

^aH 3a noGyncfle-

MMC/IHM OTpearnpo-

. 06pamaTb BHUMaHne Ha TO, KaK no6y>K i];eHne HapacTaeT, cna-

BaTb Ha HMX

1

flaeT M, B KOHi e KOHIJOB, CO BpeMeHeM Hcne3aeT.

no6yHc TeM, M7IM

^

^ npoMCxo , He ^ npOKOHTponwpOBaTb CMTyaiJ. HTO

. Ha6nioflaMTe 3a

eHMe npoKOHTpo/uipoBaTb MJIM npoBepMTb

MT ecTiM Bbi

nwTaeTecb HeMe /ieHHO McnpaBMTb

^

.

IlK)

IIo6y)KfleHHe yiiTM

.

Ha6/noflaMTe 3a no6y >K n,eHMeM yMTM M /IM OTKa3aTbCH OT flanbHeHUierO o6cy >K D(eHMH npw B03HMKH0BeHMM pa 3HornacnM. npaKTHKyiiTe npoflo/meHMe aKTMBHoro ynacTHH B

J

OT KOH ( > nMKTa

(

1

6ece e. Ilo6y>KfleHHe HasecTM nopn

^

^oK

MJIM

y6paTbcn.

432 FhaBa 5 . fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

IIo6y>KfleHJie McnpaBMTb, ynyHiHMTb MTIM CKa3aTb flpyroMy nenoBeicy, MTO eMy Heo 6xo,n( MMO flenaTb M KaK. IIo6y»cffeHMe M 3MeHMTb TeMy pa 3roBopa, Korfla saM He HpaBMTCH TO, o neM M eT penb. IIo6y>KfleHHe nepeflenaTb pa6oTy BMCCTO jjpyriix ( HanpMMep, paccTaBMTb nocy y B nocyflOMoenHOM MauiMHe B cooTBeTCTBMM C BauiMMM CTaH apTaMM MTIM nepeimcaTb BbicTynneHMe Ha npe3eHTan; MM ) . IIo6yHC3eHMe eme pa3 npoBepMTb ( HanpMMep, 3anepTbi NM flBepn , BH K /IIOHeH TIM CBeT M BbIMbITbl TIM pyKM flOCTaTOHHO HMCTO ) . IIo6y>K neHJie nocimeTHMHaTb o conepHMKe. IIo6y>KfleHMe orpaHMHMTb npiieM nmii, M MTIM M 36aBMTbcn OT yace cbe-

^

^

^

1

fleHHoii nMHj, M.

3anMiHMTe apyrne HaBbiKM , KOTopwe BM npaKTMKOsaTiM.

YpoK 12 . OGyneHue 0C03HaHH 0CTM : sacTb 2 433

PdAMKaJlbHClJI OTKpbITOCTb. PaSoMMM /1HCT 1 2 .B BBefleHne AeaTe^ bHOCTM 6e 3 nnaHMpoBaHMfl B npuBbiHKy • McnbiTbisan

coijHajibHbie MW O 6 WHHO nyBCTByeM pa3o6iu,eHMe co CBOBM nneMeHeM, TaK PI c HacToamnM MOMCHTOM. Mbi yTpaHMBaeM nerKOCTb B o6 iu,eHMM M y ce He cnoco 6 Hbi MCKpeHHe cnrHa /iM 3MpoBaTb o flpy^ >Kenio6Hbix HaMepeHMHx w acenaHPiPi coTpyn, HPiHaTb. fleaTenbHOCTb 6e3 iuiaHPipoBaHPia cnyaoiT MOU HUM CMrHa/ioM xcenaHPiH o coTpyuHnnecTBe, KOTopbm noMoraeT HacTpopiTbca Ha MCKpeHHee o6uje-

KaK

•

^

Hne M BepHyTb omymeHPie conpMHacTHocTM PI

• fleHTenbHOCTb 6e3 nnaHPipOBaHMH

e

^MHCTBa c con ieMeHHMKaMM. /

HeB 03M0HCH0 nOHHTb PlCKJHOHPITe/IbHO

6naroflapn MHTenneKTyanbHbiM ycnnwaM, ee Hy>KHO omyTMTb Ha co6cTBeH HOM onbiTe, M 6onbiHMHCTBy B3pocnbix RT.in SToro noHala,o6 piTCH aKTPiBHan noCTOHHHafl

npaKTMKa.

• npaKTHKyiiTe

fteflTenbHOCTb 6e3 iuiaHPipOBaHMfl e^ce HeBHO, picno/ib3yfl pa6oHMM TIMCT 12. B , “Tpw HaBbixa « HTO» : flHeBHMK e>KeflHeBHOM npaicmKM HaBbiKOB « OTKpbiToro Ha6;no a;eHPifl » > « necTHoro onwcaHMH » PI « He 3annaHnpo -

^

1

BaHHOM ,0ieHTenbHOCTPi » ”

flnn OTcne^cpiBaHiiH nporpecca.

• 3anMiHMTe CBOM Ha6/iiofleHPiH .

434 1 /iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

Pa 6oHMfi JIKCT 12 . B Tpn HQBbiKa " HTO" : AneBHUK exeflHeBHOM

npoKTHKK " " jiiOAeHMfl , necTHoro onMcaHna " M " He 3an /iaHMpoBaHHoPi AesrrenbHoc "

^

HaBbiKOB " oTKpbuoro HC

•

IIpaKTHKyMTe OJJMH HaBbiK “oTKpbiToro Ha6 jiiofleHiiH” nepe3 p;eHb M 3ann CMBaMTe CBOM Ha6/no,n;eHMH B npMBe eHHOM HM >Ke Ta6nmj;e. • Hepe yiiTe “oTKpbiToe Ha6;nofleHMe” c npaKTMKoii KOHTMHyyMa oco3HaHHoCTM. B npMBeAeHHOM HM ce Ta6nMu;e 3anmnnTe, HacKO/ibKO Tpy HO 6 bi/io OTKa ^ 3aTbCH OT o6T>HCHeHMM , OIjeHOK M paLJMOHa /IM3aiJMM TOTO, HTO Bbl Ha3bIBa 7IM, T.e. KaK nacTO BaniM yTBepacfleHMH HarpoMOKfla /mcb B c/io>KHbie KOHCTpyKijMM. Kaxan KaTeropMH Ha6/nofleHMM BCTpenaeTCH B BarneM npaKTMKM name Bcero ( HanpMMep, MMC/IM, nyBCTBa, omynjeHMA MTIM npe,n;cTaB7ieHMfl )? " AM MMHHMM3ai{HH miaHMpoBaHMa npaKTMKyMTe “fleHTenbHOCTb 6e3 nnaHwpoBaHMH ” B /IIO6 OM fleHb, KOTfla BaM 3aXOHeTCfl ( XM- XM! ). • Be MTe 3anncn B npnBe eHHOM Hnace flHeBHMKe npaKTMKM o TOM, HTO

^

^

^

^

^

MMEHHO M B KaKOM fleHb Bbl npaKTMKOBaTIM, M 3anMCbIBaMTe CBOM Ha 67H0fleHMH ,

fla ^ce ecjiM STO 6 bmo “ McxyccTBO npaKTMKOBaTbcn 6e3 npaKTMKM” ( XM-XM! ).

fleHb BocKpeceHbe

nOHefle/lbHMK BTOpHMK

Cpefla HeTBepr riaTHMi a

^

Cy66oTa

Ha 6nK)fleHMa

ypoK 13

06yHeHMe oco 3HaHHOCTM: nacTb 3 , : Kmone6 ou HUSUK oco3nannocmu “ KaixaTb MTHI HTO floCTaBnneT AMCKOM OpT, pa M o6yHeHMH HOBOMy, a TaK ^Ce KyJIbTMBPipOBaHMe TOTOBHOCTM npMHHTb B03M0>KH0CTb C06 cTBeHHbIX OIHM60K C HaMepeHHeM M3MeHHTbCH npM Heo6xOflMMOCTM. 3. CaMOMCcneflOBaHwe Tpe6yeT TOTOBHOCTH xax M3ynaTb co 6cTBeHHbie rpaHMU bl, Tax M e/IMTbCH C flpyrMMM CflenaHHbIMM B npoiiecce OTKpblTMflMM. 3TOT npoijecc B PO HUT Ha3biBaeTCH camopacKpumue. Tbipex HaBbiKOB

^

.

— npu

BHMMaHMe yflejineTCfl nepBOMy M3 3TMX

,

noMovu u

—

^

^

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi • PaaflaTOHHbiM •

MaTepnan 13.1, “ RnxiHeBOM

HaBbix 0C03HaHH0CTM

npw noMoniM caMOMcaieflOBaHMB:” Pa3AaTOHHbiM MaTepwan 13.2, “ Ky/ibTMBMpoBaHMe s paBOM u

HMM

»

^

« Kax»: coMHe

-

436 OiaBa 5. flJiaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

•

Pa3flaTOHHbm MaTepMan 13.3, “ IIpaKTMKa caMOMccneAOBaHMH

-

M caMopac

KpblTMfl”

• (flononHMTenbHo ) Pa3flaTOHHbiM MaTeppian 13.4, “OcHOBHbie nono KeHMH )

ypoKa 13. 06yneHMe oco3HaHHOCTii: nacTb 3. K /HOHCBOM HaBbiK HOCTM « KaK »: npM noMon M caMOPiccne oBaHMH ”

• PaaflaTOHHbie

^

MaTepwanbi 1.3,

^

“06yHeHMe nocpe

”

BaHMfl

^cTBOM

oco3HaH -

caMowccneflo -

•

Pa6oHMM TIMCT 13.A, “IlpaKTOKa KJnoneBoro HaBbiKa oco3HaHHOcra « KaK »:

•

MenoBan ftoaca M Men unit MapKepHan ,n;ocKa M MapKepbi

npM nOMOIUiM CaMOMCCTieflOBaHHH”

(06H3aTeAbHo ) IIoAOJKeHMe odyneHMH 3 naKOMcni 6o c naSuKOM “ FIpu noMom,u caMouccAedo6aHun”

.

riPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA TpeHepy oieayeT caMOMy npamiKOBaTb TO, neMy OH ym/iT flpymx, npui6erafl K Mefli/rraijm/i caMOi/iccneflOBaHi/ifl Kawflbm pa 3, Korfla B03HMKatOT CJ10>KH0CTM B pa60Te C KJIMeHTaMM C l K, KOTOpbie npOBBJlfltOT KpHTMKy MJ1M fleMOHCTpi/ipyjoT HeTMnMHHyio peaKLji/iK). BMecTO Toro HTo6bi aBTOMaTi/mecKM npeflnonaraTb, HTO npo 6 jieMa 3aK /iioHaeTCfl B K /ineHTe, c/ieflyeT 3aflaTbCB TaKMMM BonpocaMM: Kmo n moKOu, nmo6bi npednonaeamb, nmo cymecmeyem mo/ ibKo oduH cnocod u3yveHLM dmoeo HoebiKO? Modern nu OKa3ombcn, nmo dnn Bmoeo nenoeeKO c eeo cmuneM coe / iadaHun npu noMomu FK daHHbiu HoebiK He uMeem cMbicna? HeMynMoey noyHumbcn HQ ocHoeoHuu smoeo onbima? "

•

Ha nocnedneM 3 auxmuu mm usynunu mpu Haemna oco3 HaHHoanu “ Hmo”. HaBbiKM HTO STO TO, HTO Heo 6xo£MMO flenaTb, npaKTMKyn oco3HaH , HocTb T.e. omKpumo mdnwdamb, necmno onucueamb M npunuMamb ynacmue 6 dexmenbHocmu 6e3 nnanupoeanuH.

• •

Ceeodnx name enuManue 6ydem Hanpaeneuno na odtm U3 nemupex naetfiKoe PO “Kan”: npu HOMOU U caMouccnedoeanux. HaebiKU “Kan” omnocxmcx K cocmoxuuw yMa unu omHouienuw undueu da 60 epeMx npaKtnuKu pa3 Hbix naebiKoe HeTbipe HaBbiKa “ Kan ” B PO flriT 3TO npu noMomu caMouccnedoeanuXy npu noMou u oco3 Hauux ^ wecmKux cyxcdenuu , npu noMow,u odHocmoponneu oco3 HaHHOcmu M 3 KU 3 HU

•

CamouccnedoeaHue npedynpemdaem o mex ccfiepax, 6 Komopbix Moeym nompedoeambcx u3MeHeuux, a matcxce nomoeaem HUM dbimb donee om KpbimviMU u oocnpuuMHueuMu K HWO . OT

•

•

OHO

^emycx OKpyxce-

nocmoHHHO Meuxtou

noMoraeT yHMTboi HOBOMy M noaTOMy

no3BO /meT M36aBMTbcn

npeAnono>KeHMH, HTO HaM y >Ke Bee M3BCCTHO.

npaKinuKoeamv camouccnedoeaHue ocodeuno none3 no 6 cumyau,uxx, Koeda Mbi 3UMenaeM 3a codou cunvHoe conpomuonemie, 3aw,umuyw pe aKUjUW unu xcenanue coenacumbcx c odpamuou c6 X 3 bW , icomopax xenx emcx dnx uac Henpuxmuou unu ueoxcudauHOU . Flpu caMouccnedooauuu npodnembi paccMampuoawmcx KUK nomeuu,uan dnx nuHHOcmuoeo pocma, a ue KUK npenxmcmeux ua nymu K nonuou H HOU XCU 3 HU . KnioneBbie npeAnocbmKM caMOMcaieAOBaHMH CTieAyiomMe: 1) MM He 3HaeM Bcero, a 3HaHMT, MH coBepmaeM OHIM 6KM; M 2 ) HCO6XOAHMO npM3HaTb Co 6cTBeHHbie 0HIM 6KM , HTo 6 bI M3B7ieHb M3 HMX OnbIT. CaMouccnedoeauue moment ynymuumb omHouieuux, nomomy nmo OHO cnymum modenbto cmupenux u eomosHocmu ynumvcx momy, nmo nped naeaem HUM MUp, Koeda mvt denumcx COOUMU nadnwdeHuxMu, cdenauHbt mu 60 epemx npanmuKU camouccnedoeanux, c OKpymaww,UMU ( CM. O 6H 3aTe /ibHoe ynpamieHMe “CaMopacKpbiTMe” Aanee B STOM ypoxe ) .

^

•

440 Vnasa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT U 3 npucymcmeywmux nw 6um npoeodumb epeux c nwdbMU , cHumawu uMU , nmo onu ece 3 Hawm, UJIU c 3aKpumbmu nwdbMU ? Hmo 3mo zoeopum HUM O none3 HOcmu caMouccnedoeanux? S CnpocMTe: Earn eu yuce ucnonb3oeanu caMouccnedoeanue, KCiKue eonpo cu dnxamoeo eu namnu Hau6onee none3 HbiMU c YYIOHKU 3 pemix nmnocmHoeo pocma?

S CnpocMTe: Kmo

^

'

( 06a 3aTeAbHo ) IloAOJKeHJie o6yneHMH YzAy6AeHue nonuManun caMouccjiedo6anun

•

CaMouccnedoeanue

—

3 tno KJIWH

KpaduKanbHO omKpbimou MU 3 HU . OHO

npeflno/iaraeT aKTMBHMM IIOMCK Toro, Hero XOHCTCH M36e>xaTb MTIM HTO BH 3biBaeT ,niPiCKOM( )opT, c i enbio o 6yneHMii M KynbTMBMpOBaHMe TOTOBHOCTM

J

^

npMHHTb CBOM OIHM6KM C HaMepeHMeM M3MeHMTbCH

•

CaMouccnedoBdHue cmaeum nod coMHenue name eocnpuxmue peanbno cmu. MM ouduM Mup He maKUM , HOKUM OH ecmb, a maKUM , KUKUMU MM ecmb”

• •

npw Heo6xOflMMOCTM.

.

nod coMHenue codcmeennoe eocnpuxmue u 3adaeamb ce6e eonpocbi , noeda MM uanyeanbi unu 3any manucby H 36eran aBTOMaTMnecKMx 3am; MTHbix peaiojMn. CaMouccnedoeanue npednonaeaem noucn xopotueeo eonpoca, Komopbiu no36 onum nodo6pambcx 6nuxce K JIUHHMM epaHui aM , 3aTeM Heo6xoAMMO flaTb B03M0>KH0CTb oTBeTy caMOCTOHTe/ibHO B03HMKHyTb. MMCHHO nOSTOMy npaKTMKa caMOMccneAOBaHMfl AOTDKHa HUTBCH HecKonbKO AHCM MTIM HeAenb. Ona Hcmunaemcx c eonpoca HeMy, BO3MO>KHO, MHe CTOMHO 6M HayHMTbCM [ MCXO H M3 3TOrO 6oiie3HeHHOrO OnbITa ] ? 3TOT npOCTOM Bonpoc MO)KeT nOMOHb Bbipa6 oTaTb IIpMBblHKy npM3HaBaTb TO, HTO HanpH KeHne ^ M / MTIM OTpmjaTeTibHbie peaiojMM MoryT 6onbuie paccKa3aTb o Hac caMMx, neM 3TO MO>KeT cAenaTb Apyroii HenoBex MTIM Becb Mup. OH noMoraeT M 36aBMTbCH OT npMBMHKM M36eraTb, oTpMAaTb MTIM peniaTb BOnpOCbl. OH noMoraeT HaM 6 biTb 6onee OTKpbiTbiMM pa # M o6yneHMH HOBOMy. Jlynuiuu eonpoc dnx caMouccnedoeauux cnoco6eu nocmaeumb HOC JIU UfOM K nutty c XUHHMM neu3 eecmHMM , c uatuuMu nocmbidubmu cexpema MU u natuuM ebicoKOMepueM . OnpeAenHH, rAe npoxoAflT rpaHMijbi TIMHHMX OHO

OKJiwHaent eomoenocmb nocmaeumb

^

•

^

^

•

B03M0>KH 0CTeM, MbI HaCTO CTaTIKMBaeMCfl CO CBOeM TeHeBOM

CTOpOHOM , cy -

mecTBOBaHMe KOTopoM O6MHHO npeAnoHMTaeM He npM3HaBaTb, ycepAHO pa6oTan HaA TeM, HTO6M xpaHMTb ee B cexpeTe MUM OTpMijaTb. CTOMT cxa3aTb, HTO He BcerAa noA6MpaTbCfl K TIMHHMM rpaHMijaM Tax THaceno, MHorAa

ypoK 13. 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH0CTm nacTb 3 441

6bITb flOBOTIbHO TierKMM 3aHHTMeM M/M/IM MbI MO>KeM He CTblflMTbCH 3TOrO CTO/lb CM/IbHO. 3TO MO>KeT 6bITb npOCTO HTO - TO, O HeM MbI He

3TO MO>KeT

. noMHMTe: Mbi He 3HaeM Toro, Hero MM He 3HaeM.

3Ha /iM

PUMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. He 3a6biBaMTe o TOM, mo B PO fllU 3au4HTHbie peaxLJMM cnmaiOTCB no/ie3HbiMM, noTOMy mo OHM yKa3biBaK)T HaM Ha o6/iacTM, B KOTOPWX HaM Tpe6yeTCB M3MeHeHMB M/IM pocT.

BMedo Toro mo6bi aBTOMainnecKH npeflnon3MeHMTbca (HanpMMep, "Tbi AO/iweH co MHOM cmmaTbCfl, noTOMy mo TBOM c /ioBa 3acTaB/iaioT MeHB MyBCTBOBaTb ce6fl He B csoev\ TaperiKe"), M/IM aBTOMaTHMecKM OTflaBaTb npeflnomeHne crpaTerMBM ypery/iMpoBaHMH M/IM npMHBTHfl, B PO flm MCXOflBT M3 npeflriO/lOKeHMfl, MTO Mbi HaCTO MOWeM nynuie Bcero HayHMTbCB B Tex cc|)epax, KOTopwe Bbi3biBaiOT y Hac 60/ibwe Bcero c /iowHOcreM. Tax, B PO flm HEWE/iaie/ibHbie 3MOL4 MM, MMC/IM M /IM Te /iecHbie oinymeHMA paccMaipMBaK)TCB Kax HanoMMHaHMe o Heo6xoflMMOCTM npaKTMKOBaTb caMOMCcneflOBaHMe, nepeHanpaB/iBB BHMMaHMe Ha c /iowHbie M nyraiOLAMe omymeHMB c noMOUnbio Bonpoca , "Mory /IM a HeMy-To HayHMTbai B 3TOM cMTyai4MM ? CaMOMccneflOBaHMe MoweT B MTOre npMBecTM Me/ioBexa K aaK /itoneHMio, mo B 3TOM CMTyapMM HeT HMMero o6yHatomero M/IM mo B flaHHOM c /iynae Heo6xoflMMa 3aKpbuocTb. M Bee we PO noflpa3yMeBaeT

BaraTb, MTO Mupy cnepyei

;

roTOBHocTb nepecMOTpeTb cBoe oTHOLueHMe K

npo6/ieMe M npMMeHMTb caMOMcc /ie-

flOBaHMe BHOBb M BHOBb, HanpMMep, npM M 3MeHeHMM o6CTOme/lbCTB M /IM npM nOCTOBHHO B03HMKaiomeM B Te/ie Hanp/iweHMM.

• CaMOuccnedoeanue — amo cnocodnocme 3adaeanw cede eonpocw c t e^ nwo caMOuecnedoeanux. 3TO npM 3HaHMe Toro, HTO Ka >KAbiM Bonpoc ( M /IM OTBCT ) , B 03HMKaiomMM B

npou,ecce npaKTMKM caMOMCcneAOBaHMH, He3aBii-

CMMO OT Toro, HaCKO/IbKO OH MO)KeT Ka3aTbCH npOCTbIM , MyApbIM M /IM 3a-

nyTaHHbiM, MMeeT npaBO Ha cym,ecTBOBaHMe.

• CaMOuccnedoeanue mpe6yem

cuenocmu, nmodoi npu3 nanwcx e ceoux cnadocmxx OKpyncawu UM M / MTIM CBOCM BK /iaAe B cymecTByiomMe npo6/ieMbl , OTKa 3aBIHMCb OT CaMOyHMHM >KeHM /I. CaMOuccnedoeanue — amo cmpeMnenue K caMono3nanuw , no cnedyem c nodo3penueM omnocunwcx K dmcmpwM omeemaM. BbicTpbie OTBCTM Ha Bonpocbi caMOMCC/ieAOBaHMH nacTO OTpa^caiOT CTapbie 3HaHMH M / M /IM >Ke/iaHMe M36e>KaTb CTpecca npn noMoiijM o6 rbHCHeHMH M /IM roTOBoro pemeHMH. npu caMouccnedoeanuu npmnaemcx, nmo e onpedenennou cmenenu MM CUMU omeenaeM 3 a ceoe eocnpuxmue u ceou nocmynnu, U 3 dezax npu omoM xcecmoKozo caMoynununcenux, odeunenux OKpyncawu ux unu ecezo Mupa .

^

•

•

^

• CaMOuccnedoeanue npednonazaem upnenanpaenennoe

Kynvmueupoea-

nue nanunux 3dpaeou donu coMnenuu, no 6e3 mozo, nmodei enadanw e nanuicy u caMOodeunenux unu npocmo cdaeanwcx .

442 Diasa 5. fl /iaHbi

ypoKOB

PO flm

nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. C TOHKM 3PEHMB PO flllT § 3 KT M /IM npaBfla nacro MO>KeT BBOflMTb B aaG /iywfleHMe, omac M 3-3a Toro, HTO MU He 3HaeM Toro, Hero Mbi He 3HaeM, Bee nocTOBHHO MeH eTCB 1/13HaHHTejibHa « nacTb HawMx omymeHMM ocraeTCfl

^ . fl/ia KJineHTOB c TK B3>KHO cmpeMumbca y3Hamb npaedy, noTOMy HTO npw 3aKOCTeHe/iOM MJIM KeM OWM6OHHO HO /iaraTb, HTO

/

y >Ke BCe 3HaeM.

(AonOAHMTeAbHO ) nOAOXCeHMe odyneHHH Kyjit>mu6upo6 aHiie 3dpa6 ou 3OAU coMnenuu IIpeflTioaaiTe yHacTHMKaM 03HaK0MHTbCH c pa3,naTOHHbiM MaTepManoM 13.2,

aKy7IbTMBMpOBaHMe 3ffpaBOM tfOTIIl COMHeHMM”. • OduH U 3 ceKpemoG 3dopo6 ou MU 3 HU nanunue sdpaeou donu coMHeHUU

—

.

nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. Bbi6epi/rre oiynaMHoro ynacmHKa M nonpocMTe ero npoHmaTb BC /iyx ofli/iH nyHKT M 3 pa 3flaTOHHoro MaiepMana 13.2, "Ky/ibTMBMpoBaHMe 3flpaBOM flo/iM coMHeHMM", KpaTKo ero o6cyflMTe M npoflo/iwai/ue B TOM >Ke flyxe, BW 6 paB y>Ke flpyroro ynacTHMKa fl /w HTCHMA BC/iyx cneayiomero nyHKTa . Flpoflo/iwaMTe HTeHMe Bc /iyx no onepeflM , noKa He paccMOTpMTe Bee no/io>KeHMB. fl /ia ymy 6/ieHMfl 3TOM npaKTMKM MCnOJlb3yMTe MMHM

-ynpa >KHeHMfl .

HTO TaKoe 3ApaBaa AOAH COMHCHHM

•

—

3 paBaH ROJIR COMHeHMM 3T0 CnOCo 6HOCTb npM3HaTb co6cTBeHHbix OIIIM6OK MTIM 3a6ny>Kln;eHMM 6e3 (JrpycTpanMM

^

B03M0>KH0CTb WIM >KecTKoro

006BMHeHMH.

CaM

•

cnoco6HocTb He BocnpMHMMaTb ce6n ce6e c onpefleneHHOM ROJieu. K) Mopa. 3TO cnoco6 HOCTb no-fl;o6poMy nocMenTboi HAR co6cTBeHHbiMM cna6ocTH MM, CTpaHHOCTHMM M / MTIM IipMHyflaMM. 3TO npM3HaHMe Toro, HTO BCeM 7IIO PM CBOMCTBeHHbl cna6ocTM. 3,qpaBaH flo/ra COMHCHMM npeflnoTiaraeT cnoco6HOCTb 6paTb Ha ce6n OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a co6 cTBeHHbie nocTymoi M nyBCTBa, He OTKa3bmaHCb OT 3,n;paBafl RORR

COMHCHKH

STO

OIMIHKOM cepbe3HO, HO OTHocMTbCH K

•

aKTMBHbIX

•

•

fleMCTBMM IipM B03HMKH0BeHMM CTIO>KHOCTeM.

3,nipaBaH flonn COMHCHMM noMoraeT ynyHiiiMTb OTHomeHMH, noTOMy HTO cny>KMT cwTHanoM o roTOBHOCTM yHMTbCH TOMy, HTO npejyiaraeT MMp. 3flpaBafl RORR COMHCHMM He OTHOCMTCfl K IIpOflBTieHMflM 3aKOCTeHe;ioro PITIM

J

( )MKCMpOBaHHOTO

MbllHTieHMfl

.

ypoK 13. 06yHeHkie 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacib 3 443

HTO TaKoe He 3AOpOBbie coMHeHMa

• npw He3flOpOBbIX COMHeHMHX CaM0II03HaHMe BbI3bIBaeT CTpaX. •

He3,o;opoBbie COMHCHMH MoryT BaTbCB BonpocaMn M / MTIM

B03HMKHyTb

NOA BMAOM TOTOBHOCTM 3afla OHIM6KM pa AM TIMH -

npn3HaBaTb co6cTBeHHbie

HOCTHOrO pocTa.

•

noA03peHMH B OIHM6 OHHecnpaBe TiMBOM npMHyHCAeHMM nepecMOTpeTb

ripn

He3AopoBbix COMHeHMHX nacTO B03HMKai0T

HHX

o6BMHeHMHx M / MTIM

^

TOHKy 3peHMH ( HanpMMep, yTBep>KflaeTCH , HTO fla /ibHenmee caMono3HaHMe MOHCeT npMHMHMTb Bpefl, nOTOMy HTO CTaBMT nOA COMHeHMe He aBCBOK)

HO

^

o 6peTeHHoe omymeHMe CMbicna MTIM yBepeHHOCTM B ce 6e M / MTIM MOHCCT KOTOpbIMM MHAMBMA He TOTOB Oipa npMBeAeT K OTCTpaHeHMio, KpM3Mcy MTIM penepencMBaHMio ).

BbI3BaTb BOCnOMMHaHMH O HaCMTIMM , C BMTbCH , HTO

•

IIpM He3AOpOBbIX COMHeHMHX HaCTO B03HMKai0T TaMHbie HCe/iaHMH HMHero He MeHHTb MTIM M36 eraTb CTIOHCHOCTCM . 3TO coijManbHbiM CMTHan, cJ> yHK U MH KOTOpOTO HaCTO COCTOMT B 6nOKMpOBaHMM AaTIbHCMIHeM o6 paTHOM CBH3M ( CM. o 6n 3aTenbHoe nononceHMe o6 yneHMH “ He AenaMTe MHe 6om> HO B ypoxe 16 ) . • fl/IH He3AOpOBbIX COMHeHMM XapaKTepHbl TaMHaH 37IOCTb MTIM o6Mfla, HanpaBneHHan Ha THOACM MTIM CO6MTMH, KOTopan CTaBMT noA COMHCHMC y6e>KAeHMH MHM Bbi3MBaeT omymeHMe HeyBepeHHocTM B co6cTBeHHbix y6e>KAeHMHX MTIM Heo6xoAMMOCTb B 6 ecnoTie3Hbix caMOKonaHMHx. • He3AOpOBbie COMHeHMH OKa3bIBaiOT CMTIbHOe BTIMHHMe Ha OTHOUieHMH, ( ) OpMe HeCMOTpH Ha TO HTO OHM BbipaHCaiOTCH naCCMBHO ( HanpMMep, B | KanpM30 B, HaAyTbix ry6, M36 eraHMH , OTKa3a OT aKTMBHbix ACMCTBMM MTIM yTpaTbi HaACHCAbi ). • ECTIM 6bl He3AOpOBbie COMHeHMH MOI7IM TOBOpMTb, TO OHM CKa3aTIM 6bl CTiennoxoM nenoBeK , noaTOMy AyioiAee: BMAMHIH? 51 npM3Haio TO, HTO H MOHCHO nepecTaTb HCAaTb OT MCHH M 3MCHCHMM , BeAb ynce cronbKO pa3 Te6e roBopMTiocb, HTO BO MHe HCT HMHero xopomero ”. " HJ1M OHM MoryT cKa3aTb: BMAMTC, HTO BM CO MHOM CAenanM ? BauiM BOnpocbi BbmyAMTiM MCHH 3aAaBaTb ce6e Bonpocbi. 14 Tenepb Moe COCTOHHMC

.

—

AOCTOMHO coHcaneHMM. HaAeiocb, Bbi Tenepb AOBOTibHbi”.

•

Tax, He3AopoBbie COMHCHMH HBTIHIOTCH npoHBTieHMeM (JjaTanMCTMHHoro coCTOHHMH pa 3yMa.

444 Diasa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

(/\onoAHMTeAbHo) MMHM - ynpa>KHeHMe BeceAO u coMue6anci> 6 cede IIpn

npoBe eHMM STOTO MMHM -ynpaacHeHMH TpeHep MOHCCT CIIOKOMHO

^ c JIMERA npnBe HHyio nocneflOBaTejibHOCTb fleii ^ . Y6e MTecb B TOM , HTO y Bac ecTb 3 pyHKM M TIMCTM HMCTOM 6yMarM, HTO^6M pa3#aTb BceM ynacTHMicaM npw Heo6xoflMMOcTM . HMace

HMTATB scjiyx CTBMM

anacHbie

npoMHCTpyKTMpyiiTe ynacTHMKOB , npeflnoHTMTenbHO c BBHO BbipaaceH HWM aKi eHTOM Texaccicoro KOB 6 OH ( XM -XH!) . Oxeu, dpy3bxy menepb ece daeaume noxpenne cooKueu ceou pymeu u Kapandatuu u nomyxee 3amxneM peMHU 6e3onacHocmu , nomoMy nmo HCIM npedemoum mom eu\e napoeo3 eonpocoe , Komopbie 6ydym KATMTbGR, TIAffATb u CEMBATb BAC C HOF! Oel rnxyyy! rioflHMMMTe BBICOKO pyKM, paflyncb npeflCTOHmew arryaijuji,

^

3aTeM 3aMpMTe B He oyMeHMH .

^

npoffon^KaiiTe, Tenepb npeflnoHTMTenbHO c aicijeHTOM 3aHOCHMBoro apncTOKpaTa ( XM -XM! ) . Xopomo, nowanyu, amo 6bino cnumxoM ... Hmo x deu cmeumenbuo xomen CKa3amb , max amo mo nmo eexope x 3adau eaM neexonb KO eonpocoe. Tloxcanyucma, xopotueubKO nodeomoebmecb u ybedumeeb, nmo }

eamu nucbMennue npunadnenenoemu npu eac u nmo earn doemynna nuemax 6yMaza, nmo6u eu MOZXU 3anucamb npuxodxu ue e eamy zonoey Mbicnu. Yee pen, nmo eu muderne amom onum nompxcawtUyUM .

^

IIpoflOjDKaMTe (Tenepb

CBOMM npuBMHHbiM TOJIOCOM,

a

enje jiynine

—

npou eHUX 3a ^ Hanneu cnanana. Hmo

cHOBa 3aHOCHMBbiM apMCTOKpaTMHecKnM TOJIOCOM ) . Tlpoiuy

Heymecmmie nonpaexu c Moeu cmoponbi . flaeaume x deucmeumenbHOy deuemeumenbno xony cxa3amb, max amo mo nmo x co 6upawcb npoHumamb necxonbxo eonpocoe eenyx, a eatueu 3adaneu 6ydem 3anucamb na nueme dyuazu , xomopuu nexcum neped eaMuy nepeue Mbicnuy Komopbie npuxodxm eau na yM . Mu ne 6ydeM denumbex ceouMU MUCJIXMU , max nmo ece nanucannoe ocmanemcx eamuM u monbxo eamuM . Bu Monceme coxpanumb 3anucu, euxunymb ux unu ucnonb3oeamb dnx npaxmuxu cauouccnedoeaHUXy eu6op nonnoembw 3a eauu. Mmax MU MOMCM ece paccnabumbcx. Bu zomoeu? Bonpocu e cmydwo! }

—

}

• Cnpocume ce6x: HTO X flyMaio o COMHCHMHX B ce6e? 3anuiuume nep eyw Mbicnby xomopax npumna eaM na yM .

• Cnpocume ce6x: BO3MO>KHO, X 6oiocb, HTO earn x 6yny coMHesaTbCfl B neM -TO, TO He cMory co6paTbcn? HTO X 6oiocb y3HaTb HOBOTO ce 6e? 3anuiuume nepeyw uucnb, xomopax npumna eaM na yM .

O

ypoK 13. 06yneHne 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 3 445

r

• Cnpocume ce6x:

HacicojibKo x j eiicTBMTejibHO

^

o6na

^

aio

cnoco6-

HOCTbK) MCKpeHHe M nO- flo 6 pOMy CMeflTbCfl Ha# Co 6 cTBeHHbIMM

c^a6 ocTHMM PI Tin oum6KaMPi ? Kax nacTo x noKa3biBaio 3Ty CBOIO CTOPOHY OKpy^caiomiiM? HeMy MHe, BO3MOHCHO, cne osa^o 6w Ha ynHTbCH? 3anmuume nepeyw Mbicnb, Komopax npuiuna eau na yu. • Cnpocume ce6x: OTKyna Boo6iu;e y MCHH B3H /iacb MMCJIB, HTO 3a.uaBaTb ce6 e Bonpocw PIJIII 3 aHMMaTbCH caMOMCOieftOBaHneM onacHO? 3anuiuume nepeyw Mbicnb, Komopax npumna eau nayu. • Cnpocume ce6x : HeMy 6w MHe, BO3MO>KHO, cne OBano 6bi HaynwTbCH ? 3anuiuume nepeyw Mbicnb, Komopax npumna eau na yu.

^

^

( /\0 II 0AHMTeAbH0 ) IIpaKTMKa CaMOMCCAeAOBaHMH “ Kmo 6nec nonpaSnu?” CTMxoTBopeHMe PyMM KTO BHec nonpaBKM ? ” MO>KHO ncnonb30BaTb A /IH BBeAEHMH B KOHijeimmo caMOMcaieAOBaHMfl vum RJIX yr/iy6/ieHMa ee noHMMaHiia.

. (BnuManue: ncno7ib30BaHPie KonoKonb -

Hpi >Ke npuBefleHa noaieAOBaTe/ibHOCTb ACMCTBPIM , noMoraiomaa BBCCTM STO CTM

xoTBOpeHPie B npaKTiiKy oco3HaHHOCTM

HMKa JSJIX 0 C03HaHH0CTM OCTaeTCfl Ha Bam Bbl 6op.)

CeroflHfl B npoMecce HaweH npaKTHKn a 6yay HHTaTb BaM cTnxoTBopeHHe, 6yfleie o6pamaTb BHi/iMaHne Ha B03HHKaK)mne y eac o6pa 3bi BocnoMHHaHHfl, MblCJlH, OLAyiAeHM , 3MOUHH HJ1H HyBCTBa, He nOflflaBaBCb upv\ 3TOM ^ noGy^fleHn^M, KOTopbie OHH Bbi3biBaioT. IlpocTO Ha6/iK)flai/iTe 3a TeM, HTO BO3a

BW

;

. ECJIH Bam

HHKaeT, a 3aTeM B 03 BpamaHTecb K npocnywHBaHHK) BHOBb H BHOBb

pa3yM oTB /ieKaeTCB, o6pamaHTe Ha 3TO BHHMaHHe H 6e3 ocywfleHHfl B03BpamaHTecb co3HaHneM Ha3afl K c /ioBaM, KOTopbie c/ibimme. fl npoHTy CTHXOTBO-

6yfly 3BOHHTb B KO/iOKO/ibHHK Kawflbin pa3 noc /ie ero OKOHHaHna. Tenepb caflbTe TBK, HTo 6bi BaM 6biJio yAo6HO c /iywaTb, H nepeHecme co 3HaHne Ha flbixaHne, CKOHpeHTpHpoBaBiuHCb Ha TOM, HTO nponc XOAHT 3flecb H cei/inac. 06pamai/iTe BHHMaHHe Ha BAOXH H BWAOXH, He nbuaacb peHHe TpH

pa3 a

noflpafl H

-

HX H3MeHHTb H/1H HTO TO C HHMH

Ha npoTnweHHH Bcero

Bfloxa

Cfle/iaTb, npOCTO COXpaHflHTe 0C03HaHH0CTb Bbifloxa. [Cde/ iaume ne-

H Ha npoTflweHHH Bcero

dojibiuyto nay3y.] Tenepb a no3BOHK) B KO/iOKO/ibHHK, a Bbi KaK MO>KHO /lynwe noarapai/iTecb cocpeAOTOHHTb co3HaHne Ha c /iOBax CTHXOTBopeHHfl, o6paLAan BHHMaHHe Ha HyBCTBa H OLHymeHHfl, KOTopbie B03HHKaK)T y Bac BO BpeMH ero

.

npocjiyujHBaHHfl

446 nhaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT KTO BHec nonpaBKM? PQ3 )KOnOCb MMehM, \A cmpena yivwanacb e dedpu. fl 2HOJI o/ ieHn, ydupamb npuui / iocb om eenpa. Pbin dpyzy aMy, l/lcnbimon e nee nadeHbe. Hadpanca cpoMy, Oxa3anca e 3aKntoneHbe. 3aebicue cmaeKu, flpocadun a ece HO ceeme. Kmo 6Hec nonpaeKu B nnaHbi, nmo a COM HOMemun?

— MeB/iaHa fl>KananaflflMH PyMH, 1230 (flep. Cepeea Cuneea)

IIoc;ie

oco3HaHHOCTM TpeHep MoaceT nonpocMTb ynacTHHKOB noffenMTbCH CBOHMH Ha6 jno,neHMHMii M wcnonb30BaTb MX B KanecTBe OCHOBW eHiifl MIM oOyneHMfl K /noneBbiM nono ceHMiiM, onw jyra flanbHeMinero oOcy ^ o6cy>KfleHMe 3a caHHbiM paHee. 3TO CTMxoTBOpeHiie Taioxe noMoraeT npoBec M npOTMB nOnbITOK KOHTpOTIMpOBaTb MMp, flpyrMX TIIOfleM M 7IM CaMMX ce 6fl M B7IM HHMe nOflo 6HOrO nOBefleHMH Ha >KM3Hb MHftMBMfla. npaKTMKM

^

.

riPI/IMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA CiuxoTBopeHne PyMH npefl/iaraeT flono/iHi/rrejibHbie B03M0WH0CTM fl/lfl CaMOMCC /ieflOBaHHfl, nOTOMy MTO MO>KeT MHOrfla BbBbIBaTb " 3aiHMTHy »o peaxpuK) win conpoTMB/ieHne co cropoHbi K /iuemoB c l K. Hanpwviep, y HeKOTOpbIX K /lMeHTOB npOHBJlfleTCfl CMJlbHafl peaKLJMfl Ha flBe

nOCBeflHMe CTpOHKM

CTMXOTBOpeHHB. BMecTO Toro HTo6bi ycnoKaMBaTb KBMeHTa win npM3HaBaTb ero npaBOTy, TpeHepy B cnyMae, earn B03HMKHeT TaxaB cmyaqHB, c /ieayeT npn3Baib K /n/ieH-

fl/lfl CaMOMCCJieflOBaHMfl, T.e. ero HayMHTb? TpeHep MOweT noMOHb K /ineHTy HanaTb 3TOT npoLjecc, npefl/iaraa noTeHi4na /ibHO no/ie3Hbie BOnpocbi fl/ia caMOMCCJieflOBaHHH (He 3a 6biBa« ripn STOM Ten/io ynbiOaTbca M cnenKH0CTH

nonbuaTbCB noHBTb, MO>xeT /in 3Ta cmyaqi/ifl neMy-TO

YpoK 13. OCyneHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacib 3 447

.

nPHMEHAHME flJlH TPEHEPA TpeHepy cnepyei npn3biBaTb yMacmi/iKOB Mo/ina npoBOflmb caMOMccjieflOBaHne npn JIK>6OM BO3MO>KHOCTM, BMionafl 3TOT TpemiHr ECTIM TpeHep npefl/iaraeT KOMy-Hn6yflb M3 ynacTHMKOB noayiviaTb o TOM, mo6bi npoBecm

.

cemac, B3>KHO CAe/iaTb TaK, mo6bi BTO npefl/io>KeHMe He . C/ieflyeT Mcno/ib30BaTb HeBep6a/ibHbie cnmajibi He flOMMHMpoBaHHB BMecre c CMma /iaMM, BbipawaioiAMMM npefl o>KeHne co^ TpyflHHMaTb, T.e. Heo6xoflMMO aierKa onycrmb n/ienM, y/ibi6HyTbCfl, npnnoflHBTb 6poBH H nocMOTpeTb B ma3a (CM. HaBbiKM TM6KMM pa 3yM MyflP" H TM6KMM pa3yM HMCT" fl/iB nojiyneHMfl 6o/iee noApo6HOM MH opMapuM o HeBep6a/ibHbix cnrHa/iax). 3flecb caMOMcc /ieflOBaHne npflMO

Ka3a/iocb Tpe6oBaHneM MJIM npnHy>KfleHneM

^

ABB caMOMcc /ieAOBaHMB, KOTopwe MO>KHO He3aMeTXOA BHAOM3MeHB« MX A /lfl KOHKpeTHOrO KOHTeKCTa npM ^ Heo6xoAMMOCTM. Kozda R ucnbimbieato HanpnxeHue, Mowem nu omo 6bimb 8 bi3eaHO meM , nmo UHcmpyKmop HO 3Qmmuu daem MHe odparnHyio cen3 b, Komopyto n He xony npuHUMamb unu Komopou nbimatocb U36ewamb? Modern nu 0KQ3ambCR, vmo Moe wenanue 3atpumambCR unu conpomuenRmbCR cuznanu3upyem o MoeM HewenaHuu cnyLuamb mo, wmo MHe zoeopnm, peKOMeHdytom unu npu3 bieaK)m cdenamb? OdeuHRtonu R mauHO mpeHepa unu Kozo- mo eupe 3Q noddepwKy unu odo6peHue? Ecnu da, mo neMy MHe, 603MO>KHO, cnedoeano 6bi naynumbCR? flepexo>Kynu R dbicmpo K caMOodeuHeHUK), omcmpaHeHHOcmu unu wenaHuio cdambcn? Hmo amo Modern cK03amb MHe o Moeu cmeneHu omKpbimocmu e HacmoRLpuu MOMeHm? Modern nu OKa3ambCR, nmo R deucmeyK) U3 cocmoRHUR 3aKOcmenenozo pa3yMa unu cpamanbHOzo pa3yMa? npHBefleHbi npi/iMepw BonpocoB

HO Bn eTaTb B

3aHflTMfl, CMe/10

(06fl3aTeAbHo)IlpaKTMKa CanopacKpumue npeppiOHCiiTe ynacTHMKaM 03HCH C pa3AaTOHHbiM MaTepManoM 13.3, “ IlpaKTMKa CaMOMCCJieAOBaHMH M CaMOpaCKpbITMH”

• CaMouccnedoeanue npednonazaem man u jiocb

6

KUK zomoenocmv K caMono3 HUHuw , denumvcx c oKpyxcawu uMU mem, nmo earn ontKpvi npot ecce caMono3 Hanux. Smom npot ecc 6 PO JJIIT Ha3 bi 6 aetncx

zomoenocmb

^ caMOpaacpbimueM .

^ ^

• CaMopacKpbimue — onto camouccnedoeaHue 6 npucymcmeuu dpyeozo nenoeeKa,

Ae/racb CBOMMM OTKPMTMHMM npM IIOMOIAM npaKTMKM oco3HaHHOro “necTHoro onMcaHMfl ”, npeAnonaraiomeM caMopacKpbrme ( HanpwMep, KOHTMHyyMa oco3HaHHOCTM M 3 ypoKa 12).

• CaMopacKpbimue cmonv

ecutcHo, nomomy nmo HUM Heo6xoduMbi nwdu dm10C03 HUHUX ceoux cnetibix Mecm, noTOMy HTO HaM CBOMCTBeHHa ABOM CTBeHHOCTb BoenpMHTMH He3 aBMCMMO OT Toro, HTO MM A /iaeM M r#e Haxo^ AMMca , BKHionaH npaKTMKy oco3 HaHHOcm .

448 Vnasa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

•

CaMOpacKpmmue noMoeaem 63xmt> ua ce6x omeemcmeeuHocmb 3a co6cmeeHHoe eocnpuxmue u nocmymcu . OHO OnoKMpyeT npMBMHHoe M 36 era HMe M OTpMIjaHMe . Ann KTIMeHTOB C TK 3T0 MO>KeT 6 bITb Ba>KHOM HaCTbK) ca MOMCcne oBaHiiH . MHOTMC TIIOAM co CKTioHHOCTbio K TK M 36 eraiOT AenMTbCH

^ 6 no BeprayTH KpMTMKe / M IM y HMX MoryT ^ ( . rnaBy 10 6XOAMMOCTM

CBOMMM HyBCTBaMM MTIM MHeHMeM , nOTOMy HTO B 3T0M CTiyHae OHM MOryT M

biTb

•

/

B 03HMKHyTb MMCTIM O He -

yneOHMKa no PO flnT). CaMopacKpumue no3eonxem npeodonemo neodocHoeauHoe crnyu enue unu nyecmeo cmt>ida, Komopoe Moncem eo3 HUKamv , ecnu eo epeMx npaicmuKU caMouccnedoeauux omupbieawmcx me cmoponbi nuHHoemu, Komopbie ue 6 bi 3 bi6 awm nyecmea eopdocmu unu Komopbie ue xonemcx npmuaeamb . HyBCTBO CTbi,a;a Heo6ocHOBaHHO B flaHHOM cnynae, noTOMy HTO npM3HaHMe co6cTBeHHbix cna6ocTeM , HecMOTpn Ha conpoTMBneHMe MTIM CTpax B OTHOrneHMM peaxi MM OKpy)KaiomMX, — STO CMenbiM M OTiaropoAHMM nocrynoK . ^ OH HBTiHeToi npoTMBonono^cHOCTbio caMo,n;oBonbCTBa, naccMBHOcTM MTIM OTCTpaHeHHOCTM M CnOCo6cTByeT 67IM30CTM MOKAy niO bMM ( CM. ypOK 8 ). CaMopacKpbiTMe cny>KMT cMrHanoM BarneMy M03ry o TOM, HTO 3Aecb Henero

O

ocHOBHoro

MeHiiTbCH CM

^

^

^a KaK CMTHaTIM COKpbITMH flaiOT M

CTbl MTbCH , TOr

^

03iy nOHHTb, HTO Bbl HTO -

TO aenaeTe HenpaBMTibHo.

•

•

CaMopacKpumue ynymuaem omuouieHux, nomomy nmo cnyncum npoxe neuueM acpOMHOcmu u eomoenocmu ynumecx mouy, nmo npednaeaem Mup. Kor,n;a MM He CKpbmaeM CBOIO ya3 BMMOCTb, MM CMrHa /iM 3MpyeM OKpy^KaiOmMM, HTO MbI TaKMe )Ke, KaK OHM ( He npeBOCXOflMM MX HM B HeM ) , M HTO MbI OTKpblTM RJW o6yHCHMH . npaKmuKa “caMopacKpwmun” eo epemx caMouccnedoeauux noMoeaem ynacmuuKaM mpeuuuea 6onee npxMO ebipancamu ceou Mbicnu . HenoBeK , npaKTMKyK) IH,MM CaMopacKpbiTMe , AOTDKeH HyBCTBOBaTb ce 6fl flOCTaTOH HO CBO 6 OAHO, HTO6 M enMTbCH npaKTMHecKM TIIO 6 MMM nepe cMBaHMHMM , ^ He3aBMCMMO OT TOrO , HaCKOTIbKO ITiynblMM , HeTOHHbIMM MTIM OCy>K ,a;aK) UJMMM OHM MoryT nOKa3aTbCfl . IJeTIb 3TOM npaKTMKM — BbIHBTieHMe co6 CTBeHHbix rpaHMq. JIMHHOCTHMM pocT nacTO npe noTiaraeT npM 3HaHMe Tex CBOMX npOHBTieHMM , KOTOpbie He o6H 3aTeTIbHO Ka>KyTCH MMTIbIMM , nOTIMT KOppeKTHMMM MTIM o6pa3IJOBbIMM. XOTH o6 bIHHO eCTb npe eTIM TOTO, HTO MO ceT 6 biTb CKa 3aHO, npaKTMKa caMopacKpbiTMH B PO AnT MMeeT MHO ^ ro o6mero c KOHijemjMeM, M 3BCCTHOM noA Ha3BaHMeM napeccux, BnepBbie npeflCTaBneHHan B AP^BHCM rpeijMM TaKMMM (J)Mnoco (}) aMM , KaK rinaTOH , CoKpaT M AworeH , npM6nM 3MTenbHO B 400 roAy AO H .3. B KanecTBe npaKTM KM nporoBapMBaHMH npaBAbi pa M o 6mero 6nara, T. e . npaKTMKM cnoco6 -

^

^

^

^

HOCTM TOBOpMTb CMeTIO M OTKpOBeHHO.

YpoK 13. 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 3 449

nPHMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. Ba>KHO o6paimb BHUMamie Ha TO, HTO npaKTMKa caHE flBJlflETCfl He0C03HaHHblM Bbipa>KeHHeM HyBCTB MJ1M Cy>KfleHMM 6e3 yneia cmyapun. KaK pa 3 Hao6opoT, ynacTHMKOB npn3biBa »OT He TonbKO CBO6OAHO Bbipa>KaTb CBOM HyBCTBa M MHeHMfl, HO H CB060flH0 peflaKTHpOBaTb TO, HTO OHM C06Mpai0TCB CKa 3aTb. npaKTMKa "caMOpaCKpbITMB" — 3TO He npaKTMKa BbICTaBJieHMH ce6a HanoKa3 M He copeBHOBaHMe B TOM, KTO CMo>KeT 6o/ibwe pacKpbiTb.

MOpaCKpblTHH

nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. CaMOMCC/ieflOBaHMe npeflno/iaraeT aKTMBHbiM noMCK co6CTBEHHBIX c/ia 6ocreM, a He cMJibHbix CTopoH. noaTOMy npaKTMKa caMOMCc/ieflOBaHMB nacTO npMBOflMT K omymeHMK) CMymeHMB M/iM nyBcray CTbifla ( XOTB M He Bcer a ). TpeHep flo/iweH 6biTb roTOBbiM no,qe/iMTbCfl /IMHHWM onbiTOM caMOMecneflOBaHMB, HT06bl nOMOHb K/lMeHT3M ymy 6MTb MX npaKTMKy. ny6/1MMHOe paCKpbITMe TIMHHblX CTpaHHOCTeM M/IM CJia 60CTeM npOTMBOpeHMT CKTIOHHOCTM JHOfleM C TK CKpbIBaTb CBOM HyBCTBa . noaTOMy 3HaneHMe 3TOM npaKTMKM npM npeoflo/ieHMM npo6/ieM, cBB3aHHbix C Hpe3MepHblM CaMOKOHTpO /ieM, HeB03M0>KH0 nepeOL\ eHMTb. Ba>KHO TO, HTO OTKpblToe npoBBneHMe COGCTBCHHOM yB3BMMOCTM nepefl flpyrMMM /noflbMM yBe/iMHMBaeT, a He yMeHbiuaeT >Ke/iaHMe OKpywaiomMX o6maTbCH c BTMM ne/ioBeKOM, noaTOMy npaKTMKa CaMOpaCKpbITMfl MO>KeT 6blTb MOLlJHblM CpeflCTBOM BOCCOeflMHeHMfl CO CBOMM ~ nneMeHeM fl/ia K /IMCHTOB C l K.

^

(06H3aTeAbHo) npaKTMKa nowazoGuu npoi ecc npanmuKU caMOUccAedoSanun u caMopacKpumun Bbifle/iMTe npwMepHO 20 MMH. Ha o6yneHMe, npaKTMKy M o6cy>KfleHMe.

^

nPMMEHAHHE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. 3Ta npaKTMKa HE nPEflnO/lArAET caMopacKpbiTMe . Ynpa>KHeHMe npoBOflMTcn B napax, M JiMLUb 06cy>KfleHMe nocne npaKTMKM — BceM rpynnoM. To/ibKO TpeHepy c /ieayeT npofleMOHcTpMpoBaTb flaHHyio npaKTMKy nepefl BceMM ynacTHMKaMM. TaK, OAMH TpeHep fleMOHCTpnpyeT caMopacKpbiTMe, Torfla KaK ero noMOinHMK Bbino/iHaeT neTbipe mara ymy6/ieHMfl npaKTMKM, OnMCaHHblX HM>Ke. fleMOHCTpapMB flOJl>KHa 6blTb KpaTKOM (KaK M caMa npaKTMKa caMOMcaieflOBaHMfl), HO npM BTOM Bno/iHe pea /iMCTMHHOM. TpeHepy ynacTHMKOB nepefl BceM rpynnoM

cneflyeT Bbi6paTb fl/ia caMOMcc /ieflOBaHMB anM30fl, Bbi3BaBWMM onpefleneHHbie BMOL4MM, HO He CJ1MLUKOM CM/lbHbie, nOTOMy HTO 3TO nOMO>KeT ynaCTHMK3M Bbipa6oTaTb npMBblHKy 33HMMaTbCB CaM0n03H3 HMeM B OTHOLUeHMM KaK He3HaHMTe/lbHblX, TaK M

.

3HaHMTe/lbHblX C06blTMM MX >KM3HM

npe,aiBapMTenbHoe o6T>ncHeHMe. 06rbHCHMTe, HTO ocHOBHaa 3aflana STOM KOpOTKOM npaKTMKM COCTOMT B M3yHeHMM TOTO, KaK BOnTIOTMTb B )KM3Hb npaKTMKy

CaMOMCCTieflOBaHMB M CaMOpaCKpbITMH!

450 f/iaBa 5 . fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO fllTT

MHCTpyKi Mii. Pa36eMTe rpynny Ha napw ( earn ynacTHMKOB HeneTHoe KOTIM ^ o6pa30BaTb napy c ynacTHMKOM, KOTopbiM fleMOHCTpwpyeT HaM6onbniee conpoTMBneHMe). 3aTeM nonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB Ha npoTH ceHMM ^

^

necTBo, TpeHep Mo ceT

HeCKOTIbKMX MMHyT MOTIHa BCnOMHMTb HeflaBHee Co6 bITMe,

TIM He cenaTenbHbie omymeHMH MTIM

^

KOrfla OHM MCnblTblBa -

SMOIJMM.

HanoMHMTe ynacTHMKaM, HTO HaniM rpaHMijbi noHTM Bcer a Haxo HTCH TaM, r#e B03HMKai0T HeMcenaTenbHbie nocTynKM, MHCHM, SMOIJMM, nyBCTBa, npe CTaBTieHMH MTIM omynjeHMA, McenaHMe M36 e>KaTb, cMymeHMe M / MTIM MM He XOTMM O neM-TO ,u;yMaTb MUM HTO -TO npM3HaBaTb. Ba>KHO, HTO6BI npaKTMKa caMOMCcne oBaHMH npoBOflMnacb He B OTHomeHMM cepbe3Hbix npo6neM MTIM CMUbHbix SMOIJMM. Ha caMOM flene Mbi nacTO MO^ceM 6onbiue o ce6e y3HaTb, Kor a 3aflaeMCfl BOnpOCaMM 06 OTHOCMTeUbHO He3HaHMTenbHbIX Co6 bITMflX.

^

^

^

^

^

^ ^HOM ropofle, M MCBH OEmyTM /iM paaflpa eHMe M3-3a BarTiflAOB o Horo M3 noceTMTeneit pecTopaHa; ^ ^ npMBeffiiTe npMMepw: BBI 3a6nyflMTiMCb, Kor a ryiuniM B po

nwTanM CMymeHMe M 3 3a Toro, HTO BaM npMinnocb cnpaniMBaTb o HanpaBneHMM;

u;eHHT, Kor a HananbHMK Ha co6paHMM He BW ^ pa3M /i npM3HaTe/ibHOCTb 3a Barny ycep Hyio pa6oTy; BBI oiuyTMTiM no6y>K n;eHMe paccTaBMTb MHane TapenKM B nocyflOMoenHoe MauiMHe, cno^ceHHbie Tyn;a ,n;pyrMM HneHOM ceMbM; BH omyTMTiM pa 3,qpa >KeHMe, Kor a y3HanM , HTO cnopTMBHMM 3an ^ B OTe/ie, B KOTOpOM Bbi OCTaHOBMTIMCb, 3aKpbITJ Bbi OIIjyTMTIM pa3flpa >KeHMe M3-3a Toro, HTO KTO -TO no,ijpe3aTi Bac Ha flopore. TpeHepw RonyKHbi 6 biTb TOTOBM no e^ HMTbCH OflHMM-flByMIl npMMepaMM M3 Co 6 cTBeHHOM MCM 3HM. BW nonyBCTBOBaTiM , HTO Bac He

^

(

IIoompHiiTe ynacTHMKOB MCKpeHHe Bbipa >KaTb CBOM nyBCTBa M He peflaKTMpOBaTb TO, HTO OHM TOBOpflT BO BpeMfl npaKTMKM

6oHTbcn

.

CKa^KMTe: MmaK , MOXCHO paccnadumbcn. Bbi 6ydeme eoeopumb monbKO mo, nmo xomume CKa3amb, nmo, eepoxmno, 6 bi 6ydeme denamb e modoM cnynae, HO ece we unoeda npmmno nonynumb 3enenbiu csem, ne max nu? Tenepb cdenaume enydoxuu edox, nodnuMume, HaKoneu,- mo, emu 6poeu, nomoMy nmo cumyau,m nonnocmbw nod KonmponeM . HacKonbKo enydoxuMu unu noeepXHocmnbiMU 6ydym eatuu npu3 H (mux, 3aeucum monbKO om eac smo earn eu6op, u nem npaeunbnoeo unu nenpaeunbnozo cnoco6a npcmmuKoeamb caMopacKpumue. Tax nmo nonynaume ydoeonbcmeue om npaKmuKu... u nocMompUM , K neMy omo eac npueedem, xoeda eu noddepemecb K mouy, neeo O6UHHO U 36e2aeme.

—

PaccKaacMTe o TMB npaKTMKM

no

BamiocTM

6noKMpoBaHMH

noBe eHMH, HanpaBTieHHoro

^

no3HaHMH. 3TO, HanpMMep, MO^ceT 6 biTb ycno“He nepe>KMBaM, y Te6n eT” ) , oflo6peHMe MHM MCE/iaHMe nonyHMTb o o6peHMe (Taxoe, KaK “ MHe

anbine OT MX TIMHHBIX rpaHMij

^

KoeHMe MTIM McenaHMe nonynMTb ycnoKoeHMe ( Taxoe, KaK Bee BbiM

npo-

caMOMccneflOBaHMfl, KOTopoe noMoraeT ynacTHMKaM ,n;ep^caTbCH

^

^

YpoK 13. 06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTM : nacTb 3 451

), ypery/inpoBaHne (Tanoe, KaK “flyMaio, Te6e BAOX ) , oijeHKa (Taxan, KaK “ Bbi, AOTDKHO 6 biTb, r e-TO 3TOMy HayHMnwcb. He noflCKa >KeTe, r e ? ” ), noAAep>KKa ( TaKan , KaK TIOMHMTC, BW ne/iOBeK, KOTopbm AewcTBMTenbHO 3a6oTMTCH o O/iarononyHMM OKpy>KaiomMx”), pemeHMe npo6neM, noTpe 6HocTb Bee McnpaBMTb ( TaKan , KaK “ BaM HyacHO noroBOpMTb C 3TMM HeTIOBCKOM ” ) MTIM npM3WBW npMHHTb CMTyaiJMK) (TaKMe, KaK "‘BaM 3TO To>Ke noKa3anocb CTIOHCHWM

CTOMT c,n;enaTb niy6oKMM

^

^

cneflyeT npMHHTb TO, HTO BW He MO>KeTe peuiMTb 3Ty npo6neMy” ).

IIpoBeAiiTe npaKTMKy, nocneAOBaTejibHO npoxoAfl npHBeAeHHbie HM >Ke marn. 1 . HenoBeK, KOTopbiM npoBOAMT npaKTMKy caMopacKpbiTMH , nwTaeTCH onpeAenMTb co6 cTBeHHbie rpaHMijbi , KpaTKO paccKa3biBan CBoeMy HanapHMKy 06 3MOIJMOHaHbHOM Co 6 bITMM 6e3 OIjeHOK , nonbITOK 3aiAMTMTb ce 6n MTIM paAMOHanw3MpoBaTb nponcxoAflmee ( Ha npoTH >KeHHH npwMep HO OAHOM MMHyTbl ) . 2. HanapHMK, KOTopbiM cnymaeT, AOUHCCH

M36eraTb nonbITOK peuiMTb npo6iieMy, npeAflOHCMTb co6cTBeHHyio oijeHKy npoM3omeAinero, ycnoKOMTb, OAo 6pMTb, nOA 6 oApMTb MAM nOOHjpMTb npMHHTb CMTyaiJ MK), M

.

cnycTH 1-2 MMH. ocTaHOBMTb nenoBeKa, KOTopwn npaKTMKyeT caMopacKpblTMe, BOnpOCOM “ Bbi Ao6 panMCb AO Co6 cTBeHHbIX rpaHMIJ ? ” M , ecnM OTBeT OTpwijaTe /ibHbiM , 3aAaTb cneAyion MM Bonpoc: HTO BaM Heo6xoAHMO A /IH Toro, HTO6W 3TO CAenaTb ? ” HenoseK, KOTopbiM cnymaeT, 3anMCbisaeT oTBeTbi Ha jiMCTe 6yMarM. 3aTeM, He3aBMCMMO OT Toro, Ao6pancH TIM ynacTHMK AO rpaHMU, co6cTBeHHoro no3HaHMH , CTiymaioiAMM cnpamn BaeT: “HeMy, BO3MO>KHO, BaM CTOMTIO 6 w HayHHTbCfl B STOM cnTyaijMM? ” H/ H7IM “ KaKOM Bonpoc BaM, BO3MO>KHO, cneAOBano 6bi ce6e 3aAaTb, HTO6W HAYHMTBCH neMy-TO HOBOMy? ” CnyinaTeiib 3anncbiBaeT OTBCTW Ha imcre 6yMarM. flBa nocneAHnx Bonpoca STO KTiioneBbie Bonpocw caMonccTie AOBaHMH. OHM B paBHon CTeneHM none3Hbi B CMTyaijMJix, KorAa MHAMBMA HE MO>KeT noAo6 paTbCH K co6 cTBeHHHM rpaHMu, aM, conpoTHBTmeTCfl caMOMccneAOBaHMio MTIM o6 Hapy >KMTi rpaHMijw co6cTBeHHoro no3HaHMH. 3. CjiyinaTe;ib noMoraeT ynacTHMKy noAAepacMBaTb KOHTaKT c TOM o6naCTblO, B KOTOpOM HaXOAHTCH eTO HMHHbie rpaHHIJbl , BpeMH OT BpeMeHM ( npMMepHO Ka>KAbie 30 c) 3aAaBan Bonpocw “ Bbi Bee em,e HaxoAMTecb Ha rpaHMije TIMHHOTO He3HaHMH MTIM y>Ke ypery/mpoBa /iM CMTyaijHio ? ECTIM BW

^

—

nbiTaeTecb

yperynMpoBaTb 3Ty CMTyaijHK), TO KaKMe Bonpocw BaM CTOMT

ce6e 3aAaTb, HTO6W BepHyTbcn Ha3aA ? ” 4. 3aTeM TOT ynacraMK, KOTopbiM cnymaeT, npocMT HanapHMKa onpeAejiMTb Bonpoc MTIM Bonpocw , KOTopwe B naiiOo /ibmeM CTeneHM noMown noAo6paTbcn K co6cTBeHHbiM rpaHMi aM, n 3anncaTb CKa3aHHoe.

^

452 f/iaBa 5. rinaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

. OKOHHMTC npaKTMKy M BbiftejiMTe 1-2 MMH. Ha o6no^cMTe ynacTHMKaM noayMaTb ^ ) 1 e cmenenu ynacrrmuK numancn : HaA cneAyiomMM

CnycTH npMMepHo 5 MMH

paTHyio CBH3b/o6cy cffeHMe B KaxcAOM nape. ripe

^

KdKou o6cy>Kla;eHMH , ot enumb cumyai uw onpaedambcn unu 3 aw,umumbcx; 2 ) e KCIKOU cmenenu cnymaww,uu ynacmnuK npo6oean (unu ucnumuean ncenanue nonpo6oeamb ) ycnoKoumb, onpaedamb unu nouoHb peiuumb npo6neMy eo epeun npcucmmu?

BO BpeMB

^

^

nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. Earn KTO-TO coo6maeT o TOM, MTO BpeMem/i Ha npaK-

TMKy He xBaiaeT, CTOMT MBTKO HanoMHMTb, HTO pe/ib npaKTUKu He B noMCKe xopomero OTBeTa, a B noMCKe

xopomero Bonpoca. MMCHHO no 3TOM npuMUHe npaKTMKa caMO-

nccneflOBaHMB HMKorfla He ABUTCB flo/iro, — MTo6bi yMacmMKaM xBaTMJio BpeMeHM (KonuMecTBa flHeM) Ha npaKTMKy caMOMccneflOBaHMB OAHOM M TOM >Ke npo6neMbi ECJIM ynacTHMKM HyBCTBOBa /iM HeyflOBneTBopeHMe B CBB 3M C npaKTMKOM, He Mor/iM noflo6paTbcn K co6cTBeHHbiM rpaHMpaM MJIM 3aMeTM/iM 3a CO6OM conpoTMB/ieHMe

.

caMOMcaieflOBaHMK), nonpocMTe MX 3anMcaTb Bee npoMcxoflamee B pa 6oMeM jiMcre M Bocno/ib30BaTbCfl pa 3flaTOHHbiM MaTepManoM 1.3, "06yHeHMe nocpeflCTBOM caMOMccneflOBaHMB" ABB jiymuero noHMMaHMB Toro, MTO 3TO MO>KeT 03HaMaTb M /MBM MeMy MO>KHO HayMMTbCB B 3TOM CMTyaLJMM, BMeCTO TOFO MT06bl CASBaTbCB M CMMT3Tb HenpaBM/ibHOM npaKTMKy MJIM ce6n.

3aTeM pojiHMM B nape HCO6XOAMMO noMeHHTbcn. YnacTHHK, KOTopbiM c/iyrna /i, Tenepb 6yAeT npaKTHKOBaTb caMopacKpbiTMe, noBTopna Bee Te >Ke marw , BK /nonafl o6cy cAeHne B nape nocne nHTMMMHyTHOM npaKTMKM. ^

IIonpocMTe BOO rpynny noAennTbCK Ha6jnoAeHMHMM n npoBeflMTe COOTo6yneHMe. IIpeA/ioacMTe ynacranKaM Ha npeACTOflmeM Heflene

BeTCTByiomee

npoBOAMTb OKeAHeBHyio npaKTMKy caMonccneAOBaHMH npOAOTDKMTe /ibHOCTbio

3-5 MMH., KOTopaa noMo^ceT yr/iy6MTb noBBMBineecH ceroAHB noHMMaHMe: Kancbbiu denb MMKO noemopno 3 adaeaume ce6e eonpocu cauouccnedoeanun, Komopbie, KaK ebi obnapyncunu , noMoeawm eau 6nunce nodo6pambcx K nunnuu epanu u,aMy u 3 anucbieaume ece nmo npuxodum eau na yu eo epeun omou npaKmuKU . HanoMnume ynacmnuKaM o cnedywtu,eM. }

•

noMuumv , nmo caMOUccnedoeanue 03 Hcmaem HOUCK xopoeonpoca, Komopbiu noMOMem nododpambcx K epanut aM nunnoeo ^ no3HUHUH, a ne xopomuu omeetn BbmenflMTe BpeMH Ha noMCK TOTO, neMy BaM, BO3MO>KHO, c/ieflyeT HayHMTbCfl, BMCCTO TOTO HTO 6W MCKaTb cnoco6 w 6bICTpO Bee o6'bHCHMTb MJIM yperyTIMpOBaTb CMTyai MK). ^ HeoSxoduMo ynumbcx c nodo3pemieM omHOCumbcn K 6bicmpo 603 HUKU -

HeodxoduMO uieeo

•

wiUjUM omeemaMy

.

nomouy nmo

OHU Moeym

.

MacKupoeamv u36eeaHue

AenaMTe npaKTMKy KOPOTKOM ( K npMMepy, He Aonbme 5 MMH.). KopoTKMe

YpoK 13. 06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTM: nacTb 3 453 nacTbie npaKTMKn ( K npwMepy,

e>KeflHeBHbie ) c OAHMM n TeM >Ke BonpocoM fleHb, o6 bIH -

M 7IH HOBblMM BOnpOCaMH , KOTOpbie B03HMK 7IM B npeftblAymnn

HO

( ) ) eKTMBHbie. 6onee 3| fl /inTe/ibHbie 4

CKpbiTyio

•

npaKTMKM MHorfla MoryT

HMeTb

MOTMBai Mio HaMTM OTBCT MTIM pemeHMe.

^

Heo6xodtiMO 6 bipa6omamt> npuemnny eMedneeHou npanmuKu u 3anucu HadnwdeHUU 6 xcypnaji caMouccnedoeaHun. Ha6;noAanTe 3a TeM, KaK BOnpocbi M caMa npaKTMKa M3MeHHK)TCH co BpeMeHeM.

flJlfl TPEHEPA. TpeHepy

cnepyei 3a 6/iOKnpoBaTb nonbiTKM, co6nOflBOflMTb MTOTM, npMBOflMTb MHTepnpeTaLJMM , 0fl06 pflTb, yperyBupoBaTb, nofl6aflpMBaTb, coBeTOBaTb, opeHUBaTb, pewaTb npo6/ieMy, ycnoKanBaTb MJIM noMoraTb npnHBTb onbiT noc/ie npaKTMKM caMOMccneflOBaHMA , noTOMy MTO noHTu HeM 36e>KHO (J>yHKL4 neM no,qo6 Horo noBefleHMA 6yA 0T noi/icK OTBeTa MJIM peiiieHMB AwieMMbi caMOMcaieAOBaHMB. MMCHHO no3TOMy npeAno/iaraeTca , MTO npaKTMKa CaMOMCC /ieflOBaHMB fl/lMTCB HeCKO/lbKO flHeM M /1M HefleBK). TaK OTBeT cMO>KeT B03HMKHyTb co BpeMeHeM, M 3aTeM B Mflea /ibHOM cjiynae yMacTHMK cMO>KeT noflenMTbCB CBOMMM Ha 6/nofleHMBMM c rpynnoM MJIM c JIMMHMM TepaneBTOM. Ba >KHo, mo pemeHMe, KOTopoe B03HMKaeT, Mor/io 6 biTb npMHATo B KanecTBe c/ieAyiomeM o6/iacTM pa 6oTbi Hafl CO6OM AJIA jiMHHocmoro pocia TpeHep MOweT CBO6OAHO pa 3flaBaTb KOUVWA wypHana caMOMecneAOBaHMM MJIM npoTOKO/ibi caMOMCc/ieflOBaHMB PO M 3 ocHOBHoro yne6 HMKa ( masa 7).

nPMMEHAHME

CTBeHHbie M yMaCTHMKOB,

.

(AonoAHMTeAbHo ) npaKTMHecKMe ynpaacHeHMH Ilpunepu ynpcoKHenuu dan caMouccjiedoSauun u caMopacKpumun, Komopue MOKHO npoOecmu 60 fipenn 3dHHmun • nonpocHTe ynacTHHKOB BcnoMHMTb, Korfla B nocneftHee BpeMH OHM , o6Mfly, CMymeHne,

MCNBITBISANM 3aBMCTb

. YnacTHMKaM cne

HTEJIAHME OTOMCTMTb

no onepeAM

^

nyBCTBO CTbifla, raes MJIM Ha napbi n 3aTeM

yeT pa36nTbCA

-

npaKTMKOBaTb caMOMCcneAOBaHne B OTHomeHnn STOTO SMO i noHanbHoro onbiTa ( CM. npnBeAeHHbin Bbiine neTbipexmaroBbin npo-

^

“caMopacKpbiTMA” ). TpeHepy cneflyeT BbiAe/inTb npn6;iM3nTe/ibHO 2-3 MMH. Ha Ka>KAyio npaKTMKy caMonccneAOBaHMH nepe# TeM, KaK A^TB cwTHan noMeHHTbCH po/WMn B nape ( T.e. cnyinaion nn Tenepb 6yfleT npoBOAMTb caMOWccneAOBaHMe, M Hao6opoT). TpeHep MO>KCT nepnaTb npnMepw B03M0^CHbix BonpocoB M3 pa3AaroHHoro MaTepnana 1.3, “06yneHne nocpeACTBOM caMonccneAOBaHMH ”

TOKOTI

^

454 nhaBa 5.11/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

•

IIonpociiTb ynacTHUKOB pa36nTbcn Ha napbi M npoBecTM npaKTMKy KOHTMHyyMa 0C03HaHH0CTM ( CM. ypOK 12 ) B OTHOHieHMM o6yBM CBOerO HanapHMKa. IIpaKTMKa 3aK 7noHaeTCH B Ha6/nofleHMM 3a SMOLJMHMM, nyBCTBaMM , MbICJIHMM, OHjymeHMHMM M npeflCTaB/ieHMHMM, KOTOpbie B03HM KaioT BO BpeMH M3yHeHMH o6yBM HanapHMKa. 3aTeM HanapHMK flOTDKeH npoBecTM Taxyio ace npaKTMKy ( CM. MHCTpyKijMM B OTHomeHMM CMCHBI ponen B nape B ypoKe 12).

" JJTIH Hanajia TpeHMHra nonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB noflejiMTbCH OAHMM M3 OTKpwTMM , c,o;enaHHbix BO BpeMH

OBaHMH Ha

npomeffmeii

. TpeHepy cne^yeT npMcoeflMHMTbcn K^npaKTMKe, nofle/iMBnincb

Heflene

Co 6cTBeHHbIM OTKpbITMeM ,

• npOBe

caMOMccjie

Cfle/iaHHbIM BO BpeMH CaMOMCC/ieftOBaHMH.

0C03HaHH0CTM , BO BpeMH KOTOpOM ynaCTHMKaM

^MTe npaKTMKy ^ ? Iloc Toro MHCTpyKTopy Hy>

HernyMue cnedyem naynurntj npe noHCMTh ynacTHMKaM no eTiMTbCH CBOMMM Ha67no,n;eHMHMM c HanapHMKOM MTIM Been rpynnon ( ance eCTIM OHM HMHerO He CMOT/IM o6Hapy>KHTb ) M MCnonb30BaTb 3TO B KaneCTBe cnoco6a yrny6/ieHMH noHMMaHMH npMHi nnoB caMOMccneflOBaHMH. Heo6xoftMMO Monna 3a asaTb ce6e sonpoc CH

/ie 3

^

KHO

^

^

^

ypoi< 13. /\ oManiHee 3aAaHwe 1. (06H3aTe/ibHo) Pa3 aTOHHbiM MaTepnan 13.1, KJHOHCBOM HaBbiK oco3HaHHOCTM « KaK »: npM noMomM caMOMCcjieflosaHMH” ( 2. 06H3aTenbHo ) Pa6oHMM JIMCT 13.A, “IIpaKTMKa KjnoneBoro HaBbiKa oco3HaHHOCTM « KaK »: npn noMonjM caMOMcaieflOBaHMH”

^

.

3. (06H3aTenbHo ) BefleHMe acypHana caMOMCCJieROBaHMH TpeHep flOTDKeH noom; pHTb ynacTHMKOB yrny6;iHTb npaKTMKy caMOMCC/ieftOBaHMH, BbiflenHH Ha npeflCTOHUieM Helene enceflHeBHO 3-5 MMH. Ha npaKTMKy, BO BpeMH KOTO poM OHM 6ynyT 3a ,n;aBaTb ce6e Bonpocw , B03HMKuiMe BO BpeMH TpeHMHra, a 3aTeM 3anMCbiBaTb B ncypHa /i /no6 bie BOcnoMMHaHMH , omymeHMH, SMOIJMM, HyBCTBa M MbICTIM , KOTOpbie BbI3bIBaiOT 3TM Bonpocw. 3anMCM TaKHCe flO/IHC-

no6bie B03HMKaioinMe BO BpeMH npaKTMKM HOBbie Bonpocw ypery/mpoBaTb CBoe COCTOHHMH BO BpeMH npaKTMKM MHM BOBce ee M36e>KaTb.

Hbi BK /nonaTb ;

M / MTIM TO, KaK OHM nbiTaioTCH

ypoK 13. OCyneHne oco3HaHHOCTu : nacib 3 455

PaAHKa /ibHasi oTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbiM MaTepna /1 13.1 KjItOHeBOM HCIBblK OC 0 3 HCIHHOCTM " KOK" : ripn noMOLMM caMOMCcneflOBaHMa

HTO TaKoe caMOMCCAeAOBaHwe • CaMOPiccne osaHMe npeflno;iaraeT roTOBHocTb nocTasnTb nofl COMHC^ Hwe co 6cTBeHHbie y6e cfleHMH , T.e. TO, HTO O6MHHO MM CHMTaeM (jiaKTOM ^ min

npaBffoii .

• IIpM caMOMCcne

^OBaHim MM wcxoftiiM M3 cneayiomiix npe^noTionceHiiii.

1 . Mu ne 3naeM moeo, neeo MU ne 3 Haeu.

mup ne maKUM , KCIKUM OH ecmb, a maKUM , KCIKUMU MU ecmb . • CaMOHCCTieftOBaHne noMoraeT o6Hapy>KiiTb ccfiepbi >KM3HM, B KOTopbix 2. Mu euduM

HaM MoryT noHaflo 6nTbCH ii3MeHeHHH , a TaiGKe 6 biTb 6 ojiee OTKPMTMMH M BOCnpHHMHIlBMMM K nOCTOHHHO

MeHHIOmeMyCH OKpyHCeHMK) .

• CaMOMCcneAOBaHMe OCO6CHHO none3Ho B Tex cTiynaiix, Kor a MM 3aMe^ naeM 3a

co6oii cjuibHoe HenpHHTne, conpoTHBTiemm nun ^cejiaHiie co-

TTiaCHTbCH C o6paTHOM CBH3bK), KOTOpaH KaHCeTCH HdipHHTHOM M C7IOHC-

371H BocnpMHTMH. CaMOMCCTie OBaHwe HaHMHaeTCH c Bonpoca: nu n neMy - mo naynumbcn 6 amou cumyan,uu? HOM

• IIpn

^

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ace OTBeTaM.

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npMBbiHKM TOBOrO

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B 03HMKaK)II{llM

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o 6'bHCHeHMH M7IM peiHeHHfl .

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3 HaTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3

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fleJIMTbCH

OTKPMTHHMM, HTO6 M o6 Hapy>KMTb noTeHijMa /ibHbie cnenwe 30HM. OBaHMe — 3TO cnoco6HocTb 3a aBaTbCB BonpocaMii . ripw 3TOM npM 3HaeTCfl , HTO 7IIO 6 OM Bonpoc ( M /IM OTBCT ) , KOTopbin B03HMKaeT B npou.ecce caMoncc/ieflOBaHnn , He3aBMCMMo OT Toro , HacKO/ibKO OH KaaceTCH rny6 oKOMbicneHHbiM , My pbiM MTIM o6 ecKypa >KMBaK)iij; MM , HB /IHCTCH no CBOeil CyTM OIHM 6oHHbIM . MM

•

C OKpyacaiOIIJHMM CBOM -

CaMOMCCTie

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456 HhaBa 5 . n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

HeM caMowccAeAOBaHMe He HBAHCTCH • LJenb xopomero caMOMCcneAOBaHnn HaiiTM HE xopoumii OTBCT, a xo-

—

ponmn Bonpoc, KOTopbin noMO>KeT noAo6 paTbCH He3HaHMH pa M o6yHeHnn HOBOMy.

^

• CaMOMCCJieAOBaHMe

—

3TO

HE

nocTOHHHbie

Me, noTOMy HTO OHO He HanpaBneHo Ha

ducKOM ( fiopma.

• CaMOMCcneAOBaHMe •

•

—

K rpaHimaM nnnHoro

pa3MbimneHMH o npo6ne-

pevuenue npo6neuu nnn U 36e2anue

OTO HE yperynnpoBaHne, npMHHTMe, oTBnene, , HMe OTpMijaHne paijMOHanM3aijn H nnn cnoco6 caMoycnoKoeHnn. CaMOMCcneAOBaHMe HE o3HanaeT, HTO npaBAbi He cymecTByeT nnn HTO .

.

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YpoK 13. 06yneHMe 0C03HaHH 0CTM : nacTb 3 457

PaAMKOJlbHaJI OTKpbITOCTb. Pa 3AOTOHHblM MdiepMaji 13.2 KyjlbTMBMpOBaHHe 3ApaBOPi AOJ1 H COMHeHKM • OflMH M3 CeKpeTOB 3,^OpOBOM HCM3HM

.

HMM

—

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^

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HTO TaKoe 3ApaBaa AOAA coMHemiw

•

3ApaBan AO/IH COMHCHMM STO cnoco6HocTb npM3HaTb B03M0>KH0CTb co6 cTBeHHbix oniM6oK MTIM 3a6/iy >KAeHMM 6e3 4> pycTpaijMM MHM ^cecTKoro CaMOo6BMHeHMH.

•

cnoco6HOCTb He BoenpwHMMaTb ce6n ce6e c onpeAe^eHHOM flo/iew lOMopa. 3TO cnoco6 HOCTb no Ao6poMy CMenTbcn HaA co6cTBeHHbiMM c/ia6ocTHMM , CTpaHHOCTHMM M / H /IM npMHyflaMM. 3TO npM3HaHIie Toro, HTO BCeM HIOflHM CBoiiCTBeHHbi cna6ocTM. 3ApaBan AOTIH COMHCHMM Tpe6yeT CIIOCO6 HOCTM 6paTb Ha ce6a OTBeTCTBeH HOCTb 3a co6cTBeHHbie nocTynn M M nyBCTBa, He OTKa3biBancb OT aiemBHbix fleHCTBHM npw B03HMKH 0BeHMH C7IO>KHOCTeM. 3flpaBan AO/IH coMHeHMM noMoraeT ynynmMTb OTHomeHMH, noTOMy HTO cny >KHT CMTHanoM TOTOBHOCTH ynuTbcn TOMy, HTO npefl/iaraeT Mwp. 3flpaBan AOTIH COMHCHWH He OTHOCMTCH K npoHB/ieHMHM 3aKOCTeHenoro

3ApaBan AO/IH

COMHCHMM

CTIMHIKOM cepbe3HO,

• • •

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J

a

( ) MKCMpOBaHHOrO

STO

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.

HTO TaKoe He3AopOBbie coMHeHMM

• •

ripn HeaflOpOBbIX COMHeHMHX CaM0n03HaHMe BbI3bIBaeT CTpaX. He3flopoBbie COMHCHKH MoryT B03HMKHyTb noA BMAOM TOTOBHOCTM 3aflaBaTbCH BonpocaMM M / M /IM npH3HaBaTb co6cTBeHHbie OHIM6 KH RIIX. TIMH -

.

HOCTHOrO pOCTa

•

He3AOpOBbIX COMHeHMHX HaCTO B 03HHKai0T nOA03peHMH B OHHl6oHo6BMHeHMHx M / M /IM HecnpaBeA^iMBOM npMHy ^KAeHMM nepecMOTpeTb CBOK) TOHKy 3peHMH ( HanpwMep, yTBepxcAaeTCH, HTO AanbHewmee caMOno3HaHMe Mo^ceT npwHMHMTb BpeA > noTOMy HTO 3acTaBnneT coMHeBaTbCH B He aBHo o6peTeHHOM omymeHMM CMbicna MHM yBepeHHocTM B ce6e, M / MHH BbI3BaTb BOOIOMMHaHMH O HaCMJIMM, C KOTOpbIMM MHAMBMA He TOTOB cnpaBMTbCH, HTO Mo^ceT npMBecTM K OTCTpaHeHHOCTM , Kpw 3Mcy Mini penepemiBaHMio ).

IIpil Hbix

^

458 f /iaBa 5. llJiaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

•

IIpM

He3AOpOBbIX COMHeHMflX HaCTO B 03HMKaeT TaMHOe >Ke;iaHMe HMHerO

He MeHHTb M 7IM M36 eraTb C7IO>KHOCTeH. 3TO

COIJMa /IbHbIM CMTHaJI,

^

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6nOKMpOBaHMM flaTIbHewmeM o 6paTHOM CBH3M (CM. o6H3aTenbHoe nononceHMe o6yneHMH “ He enaiiTe MHe 6o/ibHo ” B ypoKOTOpOrO HaCTO COCTOMT B

^

xe 16 ) .

• ATIH He3^opOBbix coMHeHMM xapaKTepHbi TaiiHafl 3nocTb M/IM o6nfla, Ha-

npaBneHHafl Ha moRevi vum CO6MTMH, KOTopan craBMT no# COMHCHMH y6e>K ,a;eHMH MTIM BW 3MBaeT omymeHMe HeyBepeHHOCTM B co6 cTBeHHbix y6e>K n;eHMHx MTIM Heo6xoflMMOCTb B 6ecnone3Hbix caMOKonaHMHx. • He3 0p0Bbie COMHeHMH OKa3bIBaiOT CMHbHOe BTIMHHMe Ha OTHOHieHMH, ( ) OpMe HeCMOTpfl Ha TO HTO OHM BbIpa)KaK) TCH naCCMBHO ( HanpMMep, B | , , , 6 OTKa OT eraHMH aKTMBHbix a 3 B M ry 36 30 KanpM HaAyTbix ACMCTBMM MTIM ) yTpaTbi HaAe^cflbi . " ECTIM 6bi He3AopoBbie COMHCHMH MOTHM roBopMTb, TO OHM cKa3anM 6bi: “ BMflMiHb? 51 npM3Haio TO, HTO H nTioxoii nenoBeK, noaTOMy MOHCHO nepecTaTb >K ,n;aTb OT MCHH MSMCHCHMM , Beflb ynce cTonbKo pa3 Te 6 e roBopMnocb, HTO BO MHe HeT HMHero xopomero”. • MJ1J4 OHM MoryT cxa3aTb: BM MTC, HTO BW CO MHOM c enaim ? BaiuM BOnpocbi BbiHyflMnM MeHH 3a aBaTb ce6e Bonpocw. M Tenepb Moe COCTOHHMC AOCTOMHO co>KaneHMM. Hafleiocb, BW Tenepb flOBonbHbi”. • He3flopoBbie COMHCHMH HBUHIOTCH npoflBneHMeM ( j>aTa /iMCTMHHoro COCTOHHMH pa 3yMa. 1

^

—

^

^

^

YpoK 13. 06yHeHne 0C03 HaHH 0CTM: nacTb 3 459

PaflMKajibHaji OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbiM Marepna /i 13.3

ripaKTMKa caMoucc^eflOBaHna

K caMopacKpbiTMa

•

Bbipa6oTaiiTe npMBbiHKy ftejiMTbcn OTKPMTMHMM, c enaHHbiMM BO BpeMfl npaKTHKH caMOuccne OBaHUH, T.e. npaKTMKOBaTb TaK Ha3biBaeMoe caMOpacKpbimue. IIpaKTMKa caMopacKpwTiiH npe nonaraeT npaKTMKy caMOMCcne OBaHMH B npncyTCTBMM flpyroro nenoBeKa. • HaM Heo6xo HMbi flpyrwe /noffM pjin noHMMaHMfl co6cTBeHHbix cnenwx

^

^

^

^

^

30H , noTOMy HTO Mbi He 3HaeM Toro, Hero Mbi He 3HaeM , Bee HOCTOHHHO MeHfleTCH M 3HaHHTenbHan nacTb HauiMx omymeHMM ocTaeTcn Heoco3HaHHOM

.

• CaMopacKpbiTMe yjiyninaeT OTHOUICHMH, noTOMy HTO HBTIHCTCH npOHByHMTbCH TOMy, HTO MOHCeT npefl/IOa Mbi He CKpbIBaeM CBOK) yH 3BMMOCTb, Mbi cMrHa /m3MpyeM

TieHPieM CKpOMHOCTM It TOTOBHOCTM

. Kor

HCMTb MMp

^

OKpy>KaK)IIj;MM O paBHOM OTHOIIieHMM ( OTCyTCTBMM HyBCTBa Co 6cTBeHHOrO npeBOCxo CTBa ) , a TaK >Ke o TOM , HTO MM OTicpbiTbi RJIH. o 6yneHMfl .

^

• CaMopacKpbiTMe

ce6n OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a co6OHO 6noKMpyeT npMBbiHHoe M 36era -

noMoraeT B 3HTb Ha

CTseHHoe BoenpMHTwe it nocTynKM .

Hwe M OTpmj, aHHe .

• CaMopacKpbiTMe

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^

it nyBCTBy cTbi

Hac rop ocTM MJIM ncenaHMH jjeiiMTbCH .

^

• HyBCTBO CTbi,n;a HBJiHeTCfl Heo6ocHOBaHHbiM B OTOM c/iynae, noTOMy HTO npM3HaHMe CBOMX

cna6ocTew ,

HecMOTpn Ha BHyTpeHHee conpoTMBne-

HMe MTIM CTpax nepefl peaKijMeM OKpy>KaiomMx,

poflHbiw nocTynoK

—

CTBa, naCCMBHOCTM M 7IM OTCTpaHeHHOCTM M Cn 0 C06 cTByeT

Me>Kfly /IIOflbMM

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STO CMenbm M

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cnrHanoM BarneMy M03ry, HTO 3,n;ecb Henero , CMrHaTIbl KaK COKpbITMH flaiOT M03iy IIOHHTb, HTO Bbl CTblflMTbCH TOTfla HTO -TO flenaeTe HenpaBMflbHO.

•

ripaKTMKa CaMOpaCKpbITMH BO BpeMH CaMOMCCne OBaHMH HBHHeTCH CBoeo6pa3HbiM pa3pemeHMeM p; jin ynacTHMKOB roBopMTb oTKpoBeHHO.

^

460 f/iaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

PaflUKajibHaji OTKpbiTOCTb. Pa 3flaTOHHbifi MaTepnan 13.4 OcHOBHbie no/ioxeHkm ypoKa 1 3 . OSyneHue OCO 3 HCII-IHOCTM: nacrb 3 KAIOHeBOM HaBbIK 0C 03HaHH 0 CTM “ KaK ”: npM nOMOIIJM CaMOMCCAeAOBaHMB 1. B PO flOT Bbi

“ KaK ”, npeflCTaBnfl loiuiMe CO6 OM OTHOineHMe vum cocroflHMe pa3yMa, Heo6xo,n;MMoe RJW. npax TMKM 0 C03HaHH0 CTM: tlpU YIOMOU U CdM 0UCC7ieb06 dHUK , YlpU HOMOU U 0 C03 nanuK ncecmKUx cyoKbenuu, npu nouou u odno3adaHHOcmu M 3(fi (fieKmu6 H 0 co cMupenueM . B ypoxe 13 ocHOBHoe BHMMamie ynenneTcn nepBOMy M3 3TMX HeTbipeX HaBbIKOB npu YIOMOU U cduouccneboodHun. 2. npu noMotUjU cdMOuccneboedHUR — STO KnioneBow HaBbiK oco3HaHHOCTM “ Rax” B PO JJJYT. 3TO KTIIOH K paflnxanbHo OTXpbiTOM >XM3HM. OH npe no HaraeT axTMBHbm noncx Toro, Hero xoneTca M36e>xaTb MTIM HTO flocTaB/meT flMCKOMcJ)OpT, paflM o6yHeHMH HOBOMy, a TaK >Ke KyTIbTMBMpOBaHMe TOTOBHOCTM IlpMHHTb B03M0>XH0CTb Co 6 cTBeHHbIX OHII160 K C HaMepeHMeM M 3Me HMTbCfl npM Heo6xOflMMOCTM . 3. CaMOMCcne OBaHMe Tpe6yeT TOTOBHOCTM xax M3ynaTb co6cTBeHHbie rpa HMIJbl, Tax M HienMTbCH C flpyTMMM Cfte/iaHHblMM B np01j;ecce OTXpblTMHMM. 3TOT npoijecc B PO fllTT Ha3HBaeTCH cdMopdCKpumue. enHioT neTbipe HaBbiKa 0C03HaHH 0CTM

^

^

—

^

^

^

^

^.

YpoK 13. 06yneHne 0C03HaHH 0CTM: nacib 3 461

PaAHKa /lbHCJJJ OTKpbITOCTb. PaSoHMM J1MCT 1 3 .A llpaKTHKa KJIKDMeBOrO HQBblKQ 0C03HaHH0 CTM " KQK": npn noMOiMM caMOHCCJieflOBaHMfl Bocno/ib3yMTecb HasbiKOM wnpn noMomM caMOMCCJieflOBaHMH” AJIH yrny6neHM 0C03HaHH0CTU

.

IIoacajiyMCTa, OTMeTbTe HaBbiKM, KOTopwe BW npaKTMKOBanM.

LJe;ieHanpaB;ieHHaH npaKTMKa 3ftpaBOM CTBa M7IM

CenaHMH CflaTbOL

^

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COMHCHMM

6e3 paccTpow-

IIpM3HaTb, HTO a He 3Haio Toro , Hero H He 3Haio. IIoMHMTb o TOM, HTO caMOMcaieftOBaHMe npeftnojiaraeT noncK xopouiero Bonpoca,KOTOpblM II03B0/IMT 6/IM >Ke nOflo6paTbCH K rpaHMI aM Co6cTBeHHOro no3HaHMH, a He o,n,ep^cMMOCTb nowcKOM xopomero OTBeTa. IIpaKTMKOBaTb C n0fl03peHMCM OTHOCMTbCH K 6bICTpO B 03HMKai01II, MM

^

OTBeTaM Ha Bonpocw caMowccne OBaHMH.

^

flenaTb npaKTMKy caMOMccjie^OBaHMH KopOTKoii ( K npwMepy, He ROJibuie 5 MMH.).

3anncbiBaTb Bee, HTO npMxojjMT B rojiosy BO BpeMH npaKTHKH caMOMC-

.

CJie OBaHMH, B flHeBHMK CaMOMCCTieftOBaHMfl

^ IIpaKTMKOBaTb

caMopacKpbiTMe c flpyrwMM /noflbMH RJIR o6yHeHMH nOMOHJM o 6paTHOM CBH3M.

npw

IIo7ib30BaTbCH BonpocaMM M3 pa3flaTOHHoro MaTepMana 1.3,a06yneHMe nocpe CTBOM caMOMCCJieflOBaHMH”, RJIX yrny6neHMH npaKTMKM caMOwccneflOBaHMH.

^

ypoK 14

06yneHMe oco 3HaHHOCTM: nacTb 4 HaSuicu “ Kax” nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA. YpoK 14 — 3TO MacTb 4 o6y«4 eHMH 0C03HaHH0CTM B PO flnT. B MacTM 1 onucbiBaeTCB xapaKTepHoe fl/ia K/ii/iemoB c TK Mbiuj/iem/ie (30K0cme2 paccMaipnHenoe, eu6Koe M cpamamjcmuvHoe Mbitu/ ieHue; CM. ypoK 11). B Mac ( BaiOTCB HaBbiKH oco3HaHHOCTM "HTO" omKpbimoe Ha6/ wdeHue, wecmwoe onucanue v\ deame/ibHOcmb 6e3 nnaHupoeaHun; CM. ypoK 12). B Macm 3 ormcbiBaeTca nepBbiw M3 4 neTbipex HaBbiKOB "KaK": npu noMomu coMOuecnedoeoHUfi ( CM. ypox 13). B Mac Mbi nepexoflMM K ocraBLUMMCfl TpeM HaBbiKaM "KaK", T.e. K TeM COCTOBHMBM pa3yMa, KOTOpbie Heo6xOflMMO KynbTMBMpOBaTb BO BpeMfl npaKTMKM 0C03HaHH0CTM .

OcHOBHbie noAOJKeHMa ypoica 14 1. B PO

flllT BbiAenfliOT neTbipe HaBbiKa oco3HaHHOCTM “KaK”, npeACTaBTifl-

IOIIJMX CO 6OM OTHomeHMe MTIM MbiinneHMe, Heo 6xoAMMoe RJW npaKTMKM 0C03HaHH0CTM: npu noMOw,u caMOuccnedoeanuXy npu noMOiu,u oco3 Hanm

pe3 Kux cyotcdeHuu, npu noMow,u odno3 adaHHOcmu M 3KfleHMfl CTaHOBHTCH pe3KMMM M / MTIM npo 6neMHbIMM, KOrfta Mbi pMrMAHO BepMM

B MX

MCKTIIOHMTeTIbHyK) TOHHOCTb MTIM peaTIMCTMHHOCTb; OHM npMBOAHT K

6ecnone3HHM pa3MbiiiiTieHMHM, AenaiOT Hac MeHee OTKpbiTbiMM o6paTHOM CBH3M MTIM HOBOM MH(J)OpMau;MM M / MTIM HeraTMBHO BTIMHIOT Ha TO, KaKMe COilManbHbie CMmanw MBI nocbinaeM OKpy>KaiomMM MTIM KaK Bbipa>KaeM CBOM HAMEPEHMH M OKMftaHMfl.

3.

npu nOMOUiU 0dH03adaHH0CmU — 3T0 TpeTMM HaBbiK OC03HaHHOCTM “KaK”. OH npeAnonaraeT

BbinoTmeHMe O HOM 3a,o;aHM 3 a

^

pa3, npeftHaMepeHHO

nocTOHHHO B03BpamaH BHMMaHMe B HacTOfliijMM MOMeHT. B PO muKa

M

flllT npaK -

odno3ad annoemu npeftnonaraeT npaKTMKy oco3HaHHOCTM co CMMCMMpeHMe Heo6xoflMMO noTOMy, HTO Harne co3HaHMe B TIIO 6OM

peHMeM.

MOMEHT BpeMeHM — 3TO OTpe aKTHpoBaHHaH BepcMH

noATiMHHoe ero OTpa^ceHMe.

^

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He

YpoK 14. 06yneHne 0C03HaHH 0CTu: nacTb 4 463

4. 3(fi(fieKmu6 H 0 u co CMupenueM STO neTBepTbiM HaBbiK oco3HaHHOCTH “ Kan ” B PO flllT H cnoco6 aAanTau nn co6cTBeHHoro noBeAeHHH K noCTOflHHO MeHHIOIJUHMCH 06cT0flTe /IbCTBaM RJIK AOCTH >KeHHH TIHHHbIX IjeJiei1 H 7IH >KH3HH B COOTBeTCTBHH C Co6cTBeHHbIMH IjeHHOCTflMH, CHHTaHCb npn 3TOM c noTpe6HOCTHMH OKpy >KaK) mHX. KnneHTaM c T K MO>KeT noHaAo6 nTbCH o6yneHHe HaBbixaM He BcerAa cneAOBaTb npaBnnaM, He BcerAa npoflB/mTb TonepaHTHocTb, He BcerAa npHHHMaTb pemeHne, onnpancb Ha B03M0>KH0 CTb BblHTpaTb H 7IH AOCTHHb HeTO -TO, OTKa3aTbCH OT KOMnyTIb CHBHbix CTpeM /ieHHH H o6 ceccHBHoro caMoynyHLiieHHH , a Taioxe o6yneHHe TOMy, KaK paAOBaTbCH HenpOAyKTHBHbIM MOMeHTaM )KH3HH KaK B03MO>K -

.

HOCTHM

JSJ 1R 7IHHHOCTHOTO pOCTa. .

Heo6xoAMMbie MaTepwaAbi Pa3AaTOHHbiH MaTepnan 14.1, “ HeTbipe HaBbixa PO « KaK » ” Pa3AaTOHHbiH MaTepnan 14.2, “CaMoncc/ieAOBaHHe RJIH. H3yneHHH pe3KHX cy>KAeHHH ” (flononHHTenbHo ) Pa3AaTOHHbiH MaTepnan 14.3, “OcHOBHbie nono^ceHHH ypoxa 14. 06yneHHe oco3HaHHOCTH: nacTb 4. HaBMKH « KaK » ” Pa6o4HH 7IHCT 14.A, TlpaKTHKa HaBbIKOB PO « KaK » ” MenoBan Aocxa H Men HHH MapxepHan Aocica H Mapxepbi

( 06H3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKemie odyneHMH IIpu noMoiu,u oco3 HaHun pe3 Kux cyrndenuu • Bmopoii uaemK “Kan” 6 npanmuKe oco3 HUHHOcmu 6 POffllT

pe3 Kux cyxcdenuu. Hatu M 032 nocmoHHHO omcneoKueaem u3 MeHeuux UJIU Hecoomeemcmeux e 0 Kpyxcawui,eu cpede, Komopvie Mozym unemv omuotueHue K uauieMy 6 jiaeono7iyHUH) Ham M 032 uacmpoeu ua mo, nmo6 vi oufeHU 6 amo cmeneuv moeo, uacKOJibKO uam Hpaeumcx unu ne upaeumcx npoucxodxu ee e Kawdbiu MOMeum epeMeuu. 3aMeTHB HecooTBeTCTBHe ( HTO-TO HeoncHAaHHoe ) , MBI 6 bicrpo MotUfU 0C03 HUHUH

•

— npu no-

.

•

^

oijeHHBaeM HTIH BMHOCHM cyncAeHHH B OTHomeHHH TOTO, HacKonbKO STO

6e3onacHO, noTeHijHa /ibHO no/ie3HO H /IH onacHo. 3TOT npoijecc Hacro/ibKO 6 biCTpbiH , HTO MM peAKO ero 3aMenaeM, — Bee A HTCH /inrnb Hecxo/ibKO ^ MHnnnceKyHA H nponcxoAMT Ha noAC 03HaTenbHOM ypoBHe.

464 1/iaBa 5. fl/iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

• Mw ecezda OMHOCUM cyxcdenux u ecezda nmo-mo nyecmeyeM, XOTH O6MHHO C HM 3KOM,

eflBa 3aMeTHOM CTeneHbK) MHTeHCMBHOCTM. He 6 bIBaeT

6e30-

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^

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IIpeA /ioHCMTe ynacTHincaM OTKpbiTb pa3AaTOHHbm MaTepna /i 2.1, “Heftpopery7iHTopHaa Mo e/ib OMOIJMM B PO nT”. • Hance ecnu KaMemcx, nmo nunezo ne npoucxodum, MM uctiMtnMeaeM KU Kue- mo nyecmea unu aMoi uu . S CnpocMTe: B amom Mouenm epeMenu — npXMO 3 decb, npnuo ceunac — nmo 6 bi nyecmeyeme? HanpuMep, nacKonbKO ebiydoenemeopenu, cnacm nuebi , paccmpoenbiy Hanyzanbi , paszneeanbi unu anamunubi ? Hpaeumcn nu eciM eatue nacmpoenue npKMo ceunac? Hmo amo Moncem 03 Hanamb?

^

^

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YpoK 14.06yHeHMe 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 4 465

CnpocnTe: Bac 3auHmepecoeano URU , Mowem, 3aunmpueoeaRo name 06cyxcdenue? ECRU noMnume, Rw6onumcmeo omnocumcx K cucmeMe cot uanbnou 6e3onacHocmu IIHC. CnpocnTe: Bu ucnumueaeme eoRnenue unu OMueRenue? ECRU HOMHU me, OKCRanue npu6RU 3umbcx K KOMy - mo URU do6umbcx neeo-mo amo Hacmb cucmeMbi oxcudanux eoanaepaxcdenux CHC. CnpocnTe: MRU , 603MOMHO, eaM ne HpaexmcxMou eonpocu, u eu xomu me u3MeHumb meuy o6cyxcdenux? ECRU noMnume, 3aw,umHax peaKu,ux CHC 6 bi3bi 6 aem xceRanue y6ewamb URU amaxoeamb. CnpocnTe: ECRU eu umeeo ne Hyecmeyeme, mo KCIKUM Moxcem 6bimb eame cocmoxnue, CO 2RCICHO ModeRU aMoi uu e PO ffllT ? Hyecmeyeme RU 6 bi ce6x e 6e3 onacnocmu? Bame meRo paccRadReno? Bavue duxanue uedRennoe u 2Ry6oxoe? Jleexo RU eaM ycmauaeRueamb 3 pumeRbHuu KOH maxm c OKpyxcawu uMU ? Bee amo — npoxeRenux cucmeMbi cou,uaRbHou 6e3onacnocmu. CnpocnTe: Hyecmeyeme RU eu oneMenue? Hmo CRynumcx, ecxu x nodoudy u yu unny eac? Bu nonyeemeyeme amo? ( ECRU noMnume, npu aKmueai uu cucmeuu omKRWHenux IIHC MU ne moRbxo ucnumueaeM omcmpaneHHocmb , HO U cmanoeuMcx Menee eocnpuuMHueuMu K 6ORU . ) CnpocnTe: H3MCHURO RU mo, xax eu ce6x Hyecmeyeme, Moe npednoRO xcenue o moM , nmo6u yu unnym eac? Bu ece eu\e Hyecmeyeme omempa neHHoemb? ECRU Hem, o6pamume enuManue, nacKORbxo 6ucmpo eatuu meRo u pa3yM peaeupywm na noemynawu ue cmuMyRU . Kaxax aMou,u omRbrnx cucmeMa Moncem 6umb aumueupoeana e daunuu MOMeum?

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^

^

nPMMEHAHUE fl/lfl TPEHEPA. B o mnm/ie OT MOflejieM , B KOTopbix SMOLJMM paccMa TpMBaiOTCfl KaK BpeMeHHbie BB/ieHMfl , B PO flm yTBepwAaeTca, mo HyBCTBeHHbM onbiT npi/icyTCTByeT Bcerfla, XOTH Macro OH eflBa oco3HaeTca . Tax, Mbi nocroaHHO MTO-TO MyBCTByeM M MO>KeM 0C03HaTb, HaCKO/lbKO Mbl flOBOJlbHbl, CMaCTJlMBbl, rpyCTHbi, HanyraHbi MJIM pa 3meBaHbi B /110601/1 MOMCHT BpeMeHM. Ba /ieHTHOCTb (cieneHb npMHTHOCTH MJIM HenpMflTHOCTM ) M MHTeHCMBHOCTb (CTeneHb B036y >KfleHMfl KOTOpyK) *

/

Bbl 3blBaeT CTHMy/l ) MeHHIOTCfl B COCTaBJIHfOT MeTbipe

pa 3HblX BMOLJMOHaJlbHblX

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n 03MTMBH0e COCTOHHMe

BOCXMlAeHMe B npOTMBOBec CnOKOMCTBMIO/ yflOB/ieTBOpeHMK) ) M HeraTMBHOe COCTOHHMe B036y >KfleHMH MJIM cnoKOMCTBMH ( HanpMMep, cTpax/ipeBora / meB B npoTMBOBec paBHOflyiuMto ), KOTOpbie nocTOHHHO HapacTatoT M cnaflatoT [ Pettersson, Boker, Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 2013]. CoOTBeTCTBeHHO, MyBCTBa M HacrpoeHMfl KOpeHHTCH B OflHMX M Te >Ke HeMpOB036y >KAeHMH M /1 M CnOKOMCTBMfl ( HanpMMep, paflOCTb MJIM

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penTMBHbix opeHOMHbix npoLjeccax

466 DiaBa 5. n /iaHbi ypoKOB PO flflT

( 06H 3aTeAbHo ) noAOJKeHMe odynemiH

OiienoHHoe nuiuAenue KorAa cyacAeHMa Bbi3biBaioT npo6AeMbi • Cyxcdenux xenxwmcx ydexcdeuuxMU u paccMampueawmcx e Kanecmoe ompaxcenux peanoHoemu unu oocnpuHUMawmcx dyKeanvHO . Earn noMHMTe, B PO flTII yTBepamaeTca, HTO HaM Bcer a npncyma onpeReneHHafl flBOMCTBCHHOCTb BOCnpMHTMH, T.e. MbI BMflMM MMp He TaKMM, Ka KMM OH eCTb, a TaKMM, KaKMMM MbI eCTb. Cyxcdeuux npuoodxm K 6ecnone3 HMM pa3MMumeHuxM . Pa 3Mbiin /ieHMH M nepe^CeBblBaHMe” MH(}) OpMaiJMM B03HMKai0T nOHTM HeM36e^CHO Ka^CflblM pa3, Kor,o;a HaniM o^KM aHMH He onpaBflbiBaKyrcfl. Lfent? nodo6nbix CUMOKO nauuu eoece He o6yneuue, a nutuv nonbitmca uaumu peuieuue, Komopoe no36onum Hunezo ne MeHxmu ( HanpMMep, ,n;oKa3aTb ce6e CO6CTBCH Hyio npaBOTy M oniM6oHHocTb MHCHMH ,n;pyrMX niofleM ). Cyxcdeuux denawm Hac Menee omxpMmMMU odpamuou cex3U unu no 6 oii UH ( fjopMau,uu . >KecTKo ce 6 n ocy cflan , MW noHTM HeM36 e >KHo flenaeM ^ 3T0 M3 COCTOHHMfl 0>KMflaHMfl yrp03bl, T.e. B HanpJDKeHMM. ECTIM IIOMHMTe , TenecHoe Hanpn >KeHMe cny >KMT JJ,JM M03ra CMTHanoM o TOM , HTO flaHHan CMTyai MH npeflCTaB/meT noTeHijManbHyio yrpo3y M OTKpbiTOCTb MO>KCT 6 wTb onacHOM. Hama CMCTeMa coijManbHOM 6e3onacHOCTM e3aKTMBM pyeTCH, a aMnaTMHecKMe M npocoijManbHbie CMraanbi cTaHOBHTcn MeHee moHHoeo

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•

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BepOHTHbIMM

•

.

CyxcdeHux Hezamueno onuxtom na mo, KUK MM ompaxcaeM coi uanbHme cuzHanu unu ceou HaMepeHux u oxcudauux OKpyxcarou UM . HanpMMep, OHM npoBOn; MpyK)T CKJiOHHOCTb flyTbCH , M36eraTb onpeAeneHHbix CMTya IJMM , HaTBTMBaTb (JjanbmMByio ynbi6 Ky, ca6oTMpoBaTb, pacnycxaTb cnyxM,

^

^

OTnyCKaTb eflKMe KOMMeHTapMM , HeMCKpeHHe XBaTIMTb, fleMOHCTpMpOBaTb npMTBopHoe cornacMe, OTKa3biBaTbCH pa3TOBapMBaTb M T.JJ.

Oi eHOHHoe MbiuiAeHMe BAMHCT Ha coi waAbHbie curHaAbi

•

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enuxem Ha mo, KUK MM oedeM ce6x c dpyzuMu nwdbMu, dance ecnu MM U 30 ocex cun cmapaeMcx amozo ue noKa3 M 6 amv . McnbiTbiBan TpeBory, MM name Bcero HaHMHaeM BbiHOCMTb cy>K eHMH o nioflflx, 060 BceM MMpe, o CMTyaiiMM, B KOTOPOM OKa3anMCb, M /IM O Hac ca MMX. PIccneflOBaHMH noKa3 biBaiOT, HTO name Bcero MM MO>KeM pacno3HaTb, nyBCTByeT NM ce6n flpyroii nenoBeK B onacHOCTM; T.e. Mbi xopomn B onpeMMiuneHue

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YpoK 14. OdyseHne 0C03HaHH 0CTn: nacTb 4 467

•

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^

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ryT MHe CKa3aTb MOM caMOOcy flaiomMe CMrHanbi o MOMX >KenaHMTix M

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•

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^

468 DiaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO Am

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>

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—

cflenaTb MHe BOTIBHO

• “51 oco3Haio, HTO y Meux

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^

YpoK 14. 06yHeHne 0C03HaHH0CTM: nacTb 4 469

•

•

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^

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roTOBHOCTb Bac BbicnymaTb

•

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^

•

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>

•

BO3MOHCHO TIM, HTO y MCHH 6bma TaMHan HaAencAa Ha OAo 6peHMe Apyra MTIM no/iyneHMe ero cornacMH c MoeM TOHXOM 3peHMH, HecMOTpH Ha TO, HTO MOM CTIOBa TOBOpMTIM 06 o6 paTHOM ? MTIM, B03MOHCHO, npaXTMXa cnyncMna MHe RJIX Bbipa>xeHMH co6cTBeHHoro nyBCTBa npeBocxoACTBa, HanpMMep roBopMna o MoeM 6 oTibineM CMCTIOCTM , OTXPMTOCTM MTIM nyn meM pa 6 oTe HaA CO 6 OM , neM y Moero Apyra ? HeMy 6 bi MHe, BO3MOHCHO, cneAOBano HayHMTbCH ? Bo3bMume na ce6x omoemcmoeHnocmv 3a coou 6ecnone3 Hbie cywdenux, npU 3 HU 6, nmo ebi camu oonbHbi ux obidupantb HMXTO He MOHCCT BbmyAMTb Bac BbIHOCMTb pe3XMe CyHCA ^ HMH O Ce 6e MTIM ApyrMX.

.

470 fhaBa 5. fl /iaHbi ypoKOB PO AI~IT

•

06 paw,aume enuManue na mo, MhituneHue

( HanpMMep,

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^

acecTxan caMoxpMTMxa MO>xeT cnpoBOijMpoBaTb

o Bac co CTopoHbi oxpy>xax) mMx; aBTOMaTMHecxoe o6BMHeHMe THO, flew xorfla Bee MfleT He Tax, KaK Hy >xHO, noMoraeT M36e>xaTb COMHCHMM B ce6e; pacnycxaHMe cnyxoB MO>xeT flocTaBUHTb yflOBOnbCTBMe ). ripaxTM KywTe caMOMcc/ie oBaHMe, 3aflaBan ce6e cneflyiomMe Bonpocbi.

3a6 oTy

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>

B xaxoM Mepe R McnbiTbiBax) yflOBOnbCTBMe OT cyacfleHMM o ce6e M flpyTMX ? HTO MMeHHO MHe HpaBMTCfl B 3TOM npOIjeCCe? Bepio TIM R B TO, HTO 3TO flocTOMHbm MTIM npa nonyneHMe yflOBOUbCTBMH OT cy >xfleHMM BMTibHbiM o6 pa3 >XM3HM ? Byn;y TIM R coBeTOBaTb Tax BecTM ce 6a ManeHb KOMy pe6eHKy? HTO 3TO MO)KeT cxa3aTb o MOMX ijeHHOCTnx? HeMy 6 bi MHe, B03M0>KH0, CTieflOBaTIO HayHMTbCfl ? > ECTb TIM BO MHe Ta HaCTb, XOTOpafl BepMT B Heo6xOflMMOCTb pe3KMX Cy>XfleHMM flTiH HaKa3aHMH flpyrnx ( MTIM ce6a ), 3aiflMTbi ce6n M / MTIM HMHHOM 3(J)(J)eKTMBHOCTM? ECHM fla MTIM B03MO>KHO, HTO 3TO MO>XeT MHe CKa3aTb o MoeM peaKi MM Ha MMp ? HeMy 6 bi MHe, BO3MO>XHO, cneflOBano HayHMTbCfl ? BuHecume ceow ot eHKy, a 3amem 3a6ydbme o neu; pe3 Kue cywdeHux He oceeda de3adattmu6 Ht>ie. B PO flllT neTXMe cy^cfleHMH paccMaTpMBaioTCR B KanecTBe opMeHTMpoB, yxa3biBaiomMx rpaHMijbi Hamero TIMHHOITO He3HaHMH. PlMeHHO TaM, rfle npoxoflHT HaniM rpaHMi bi, caMOMccneflOBaHMe MO>KeT 6 biTb HaM6 onee pe3yTibTaTMBHMM B oTHomeHMM o6 peTeHM i HOBO * ro noHMMaHMH, HOBoro 3HaHMH MTIM noMCKa a6coniOTHO HOBHX cnoco6oB pearMpoBaTb (Tax Ha3brcaeMoe CBo6oflHoe onepaHraoe noBefleHMe ). M Bee >xe o6yneHMe HOBOMy MO>xeT 6 biTb 6one3HeHHbiM, noTOMy HTO ATDI STOTO nacTO Tpe 6yeTCH no>xepTBOBaTb y6e>KfleHMHMM, xoTopwx MBI npMflep cM ^ BaeMCH , MTIM npeflCTaBneHMHMM o ce 6e. 06patu,aume enuManue ua ocyxcdaww,ee omHotueHue K COOUM cyxcde HUHM. JIlOflM CKTIOHHbl fleTiaTb Cy>XfleHMfl (3TO He T1JIOXO M He XOpOIHO ). Oi eHOHHbie cy>KfleHMH 3TO TO, xax MBI flyMaeM, fla>xe xorfla cHMTaeM CBOM MbICTIM 6e30fleH0HHbIMM (STO TO>Ke cy>xfleHMe ) . Bmecmo moeo nmo6m nonbimamvcx nodaeumk ot eHOHHbie cywdeHux, npaKmwcyume caMouccnedoeaHue, 3adaeax ce6e cnedywu ue oonpocm. • HTO R nbiTaiocb cxa3aTb ce6e MUM Bbipa3MTb OKpy^caioiflMM, ocy^xflan CBOM Cy>KfleHMfl ? KaKOBa BepOHTHOCTb Toro, HTO MOM HeTXMe Cy>XfleHMH npeflCTaBHHioT eifle OAMH cnoco6 Haxa3aTb ce 6n , ocTaTbcn B flenpecCMBHOM COCTOHHMM MTIM M36e>xaTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTM ? B xaxoM cTene-

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—

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HM MOe OCy >XfleHMe Co6cTBeHHbIX Cy>XfleHMM

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BBOflMT MeHfl B COCTOflHMe

YpoK 14. 06yHeHMe 0C03 HaHH 0CTM : nacib 4 471

4> aTanncTMHHoro pa3yMa? HeMy 6 bi MHe, BO3MO>KHO, cneAOBano HayHMTbCJI ?

•

BKJiwHume enuHHue

cucmeMy

cou,uanbHou 6e3onacHOcmu, nmo6bi ocna6umv

pe3 Kux cyncdeuuu na sac. HanpiiMep, Mcno/ib3yMTe

^

• •

HaBbiKM M3

pa3,niaTOHHoro MaTepwana 3.1, “ Il3MeHeHMe coi wa^ bHoro B3aMMO ewcTBMH nocpe,o,CTBOM M3MeHeHMH (J)M3Monomn ” MJIM He6onbniyio npaKTMKy MCAM TaijMM 7no6flmeM flo6poTbi ( CM. pa 6oHMM TIMCT 4.A, “ E ce HeBHan npaKTMKa ^ . M npaKtnuKyume cttOKOuuoe omHOtuenue K COMHCHUHM OKpyncawu ux . Tlbimaumecb uaumu o6bHCHenue noeedenuw dpyzozo nenoeeKa, npencde nem npednonazamb Hauxydiuee. npaicmuKyume nenanb U 3-3a ympambi oxcudamiu unu ydencdenuu o moM , KUK ece doiiMHO 6bimb, Kozda ece udem ne max , KUK em dymanu, unu niodu eedym ce6n ne max, KUK 6 bi oncudanu . rio3BO/ibTe ce6e om,ymaTb rpyCTb M3-3a Toro, HTO He MO>KeTe Bee KOHTpOTIMpOBaTb, BMeCTO Toro HTo6bI npeAnpilHMMaTb aBTOMaTMHeCKMe nOnbITKM BOCCTaHOBMTb KOH Tponb, y6e>K o,aTb pyrnx B cBoen npaBOTe wm nepeionoHaTbCfl B COCTOH HMe 4> aTanMCTMHHoro pa3yMa.

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f e\o >KM3HM 6e3 3MOnPMMEHAHME flJlfl TPEHEPA. J1K> AH C l"K IIOMTH Bcerfla peHBT v\\ L\\A \A. HeB03MyTMM0 CTb, OTCyTCTBMe peaKMMM MJIM npMBfl3aHHOCTei/l BbICOKO MeHBTCB M B0CTpe60BaHbl. OHM MOryT CMMT3Tb JlMLLieHHblM 3M0pM0HanbH0CTM CBOe HeTKOe npefldaBBeHMe o ce6e, APyrMx MJIM BceM MMpe, Ha3biBaB ero c()aKTOM MJIM MMCTHM HA 6 K)AeHMeM. ri03T0My HeB03M0>KH0 nepeopeHMTb npMBefleHHbie Bbiwe nojiowe^ HMB, Korfla penb 3axoflMT o jieMeHMM K /iMeHTOB c TK. CipeM /ieHMe K onpefleBeHHOCTM — 3TO MX 6 arOCBOB/ieHMe M npOKJlflTMe. IIOHMMaHMe Toro, MTO Mbl nOCTOBHHO ^ McnbiTbiBaeM KaKMe-To MyBCTBa , T.e. 3MOi4MOHajibHbi no cBoeM npMpofle, Heo6xoflMMO flJlfl M3MeHeHMM npM JieMeHMM Hpe3MepHOrO CaMOKOHTpOJIH.

Oco 3HaHwe 6 ecnoAe 3HOCTH cyjKAeHnw: npHMepbi npaKTMKH AAfl KAMeHTOB c TK • 3annnmTe see cjioBa, KOTopwe npiixo HT BaM Ha yM M HanimaiOTCH c 6yKBbi C, M o6 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha Bee^ MMOIM, KOTOpbie CBH3aHbi c cy^cAeHMHMM MTiM >Ke;iaHMeM 6biTb /iyHiHMM B 3TOM npaKTMKe.

•

IIopa6oTaMTe c eAMHMu.

IIonpocMTe ynacTHMKOB

Bbi6 paTb HMCTIO OT

AecflTM, a 3aTeM Ha 3HanbTe MM pa3Hwe aMOijMOHanbHbie COCTO HHMH ( HanpMMep, ecjiM Bbi 6 paHa eAMHMija, TO Barna SMOUMJI yHMMceHMe; , ; ec/iM Bbi 6 paHa ABOMKa TO BH McnbiTbiBaeTe CTpax eaiM Bbi6paHa TpOMKa, TO Bbl McnbiTbiBaeTe 3aBMCTb, M T.A ). IIonpOCMTe ynaCTHMKOB nOBTOpHTb bi AO

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npo ce6n

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Ha 3BaHMe MX

omymeHMHMM.

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Cy>K eHMH, KOTOpbie y HMX B03HMKai0T B OTHOHieHMM flOCTaBIIieMOI MM

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Ha >icenaHMe noTiynMTb flpyryio SMOIJMIO. IIoHa6jiio aMTe 3a 6ecnopnflOHHbiM OKpyflceimeM M oco3HaHHO npocneMTe 3a B03HMKai0 H MMM OLjeHOHHblMM Cy CfleHMHMM. ^ noH JiioflaMTe 3a o6naKaMM MUM pncyHKaMM TecTa Popmaxa. 06paTM Te BHMMaHMe Ha B03HMKaiomMe nepe# BaniMM B3opoM y3opbi MTIM (J> opMbi ( HanpMMep, 3aMHMKa ) M nio6 bie oueHOHHbie cyyKRenvin.

SMOIJMM, MTIM

• • •

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any 6e3 nocneayiomeii nposepKM pa6oTbi MUM OT enbee fleTajieii. HanpMMep, HapMcynTe xopoBy He Be ymeM pyKOM M noHa 6moflaMTe 3a B03HMKaionjiMMM cy c eHMHMM MUM cenaHMeM Bbino/iHMTb ^ ^ 3Ty 3a ,o;aHy xax MOXCHO nynme. IIofleiiMTecb MMM C KeM-HM 6yn; b. IIo enMTeCb CBOMMM OIjeHOHHbIMM CyiKfleHMHMM C OKpyHCaiOmMMM. OT BbinojiHMTe 3a HWX

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Ka )KMTeCb OT npMyKpaiHMBaHMfl peanbHOCTM MTIM nonbITOK 060MTM OCTpbie

yrnbl M Bbipa 3MTb rOTOBHOCTb COTpyflHMHaTb.

•

rionpaKTMKyMTe CMeJIOCTb M rOTOBHOCTb MflTM Ha KOH HMKTbI . HanpM Mep, Bbicxa ^cMTe CBoeMy TepaneBTy TpM oi eHOHHbix cyxcfleHMH o TepanMM, KOTOpbie B03HMKai0T y Bac BO BpeMH ceaHca; 6noKMpyMTe nonwTKM npMy -

^

MeHblHMTb MTIM yMaTIMTb 3HaneHMe BaniMX OIi;eHOK

•

.

IlonpaKTMKyMTe 3TOM3M MTIM fleKafleHTCTBO HBaxcftbi B

fleHb M noHa6nio-

, KOTopwe MoryT y sac B03HMKHyTb ^eHMHMM HanpMMep, nocMOTpMTe fliifl pa Hoo6paMH MHTepecHyio TenenporpaMMy; OTKTuonMTe Ha Benep TeTie } OH; noM MTe ^ B pecTopaH M axa>KMTe Bee TO, O neM BM BTaMHe MeHTanM, HO O 6 o 3,u;opoBOM nMTaHMM; cbenibTe CTOTIBKO, M36 eranM M - a npe ^ CKonbKO B Bac BTie3eT; MTIM noxBacTairrecb HanaiibHMKy o He aBHeM ycnexe. ^ • IlonpaKTMKyMTe TICHOCTB, oco HaBan nio6bie B03HMKaion^Me y Bac HOHHbie cync eHMH. HanpMMep, yM MTe c pa6 oTbi oflHOBpeMeHHO c KOTI^ ^ neraMM; nocnMTe #HeM B cy66 oTy; npoHTMTe KHMry, He npe,n; Ha3HaHeHHyio

a ^aiiTe ^ pe ynbTaTe 3

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cync

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nOflTOTOBKM HOHHbie CyXCfleHMH.

TeTIbHOM

•

3aMMMTecb

xo66n, He Tpe6yiomMM 3HanM o6paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha oije -

MTIM nnaHMpOBaHMH;

Bw eTiMTe onpefleTieHHoe KOUMHCCTBO BpeMeHM Ha 3a any. IIonpo6yMTe cneu;HaiibHO He BbinoTiHMTb ee. noHa6moflaMTe 3a oijeHOHHbiMM cy>KfleHMHMM, a Tax >Ke o6 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha TO, HacKonbKO BaM 6y eT CHO>KHO npMHHTb pemeHMe He BbinonHATb 3a ,n;aHMe.

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YpoK 14. 06 yHeHkie 0C03HaHH 0dn: nacTb 4 473

• IIoiipo6yMTe ayMaTb o ce6e B

IIO 3HTMBHOM foiione.

HanpMMep,

HayHM -

Tecb ropAMTbCH TeM , HTO MO>KeTe OTnycTMTb cMTibHoe cenaHMe IIOCTOHHHO

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pa6oTaTb MTIM nocTOHHHO ocTaBTiHTb noaieflHee CTIOBO 3a CO 6 OM. IIonpaKTMKyMTe He 6onbinne OIHM6KM M noHa6jnoflaMTe 3a TeM, HTO npoMcxoffMT B pe3yjibTaTe. 06paTMTe BHMMaHwe Ha TO, HTO OIHM6 KM BOBce HE o6fl3aTe/ibHO 03HaHai0T, HTO npoM30MfleT HTO -TO nnoxoe. noHa6/noflaMTe 3a oi eHOHHbiMM cy K eHMHMM M npoBeflMTe Me MTauiMK) caMowccneflOBa^ HMH ,n; /m yrny6neHMH NPAKTMKM . HanpMMep, OIIIM 6 KM nacTO npMBOflHT K o6yHeHMK) M /IM K Heo>KMflaHHOMy M none3HOMy pe3ynbTaTy. IIoo6maiiTecb c TCMM, KTO oTjiMHaeTCH OT Bac, OTHOCMTCH K >KM 3HM MeHee cepbe3HO u B MeHbinew ereneHM c(J)OKycnpoBaH Ha pa6 oTe ( Hanpw Mep, cxoflMTe Ha BenepMHKy xunnw ) . 06paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha oijeHOHHbie cy^fleHMH M nopa yMTecb MHoroo6pa3Mio . IIpMroTOBbTe e y 6e3 peijenTa, a 3aTeM pa 3fle;iMTe ee c 6/IM 3KMMM flpyabH MM M noHa6/no,a, aMTe 3a oijeHOHHbiMM cy KfleHMHMM , KOTopbie 6y#yT noHB ^ TiHTbCH y Bac B npoijecce . IIoropioHTe 06 yTpaTe o^HflaHMM o TOM, KaKHM HOJDKCH 6biTb MMp. HanpMMep, earn Bbi 3aMeTMTe, HTO Barn flpyr nocrynMn rpy6o, BaM MO>KCT noHa,olo 6iiTbCH noropeBaTb 06 yTpaTe OKM aHWH o TOM, HTO /IIO M ,n;o;DKHbi BeCTM ce6 n xoporno no OTHomeHMio K BaM MHM MM npM eTCH nonnaTMTbca 3a 3TO ( CM . Taioxe pa3AaTOHHbiM MaTepnan 29.3, “ Pa6oTa Ha # nponjeHMeM npn noMonj, M ropeBaHMH: npMMepbi TMnMHHbix y6 e>K ,nIeHMM M /IM 0)KM / jaHMM” ).

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( 06H3aTeAtHo ) noAOJKeHne odyneHMH

npu nomoiqu odno3adannoemu B CKyxe unmepecuo mo , nmo eenu K neu empenumben , mo ee ne6o3 MO>KHO naumu.

• npu noMom,n 0HH03aftaHH0CTM — amo naebiK oco3 HUHHOcmu “Kan”, KO mopbiu

npednonaeaem ebinonnenue monbKo odnoeo 3adanux 6 Kancdbiu

Momenm

•

epeMenu.

IlpM noMom, M 0flH03aflaHH0CTM 03 Hanaem t enenanpaenennoe nepennw Henue enuManuH na naemonu uu Mouenm opeMenu, M36eraa /ioBymeK MbicneM, nyBCTB, npe cTaBneHMM M omymeHMM , He MMeioiijMX OTHomeHMH K npoMexoflHmeMy. 3TO Tpe 6yeT nocTOHHHOM npaKTMKM. HaBbiK “IlpM noMon M 03H03ap;aHH0 CTM” 6 PO ffllT npednonaeaem npaumuKy oco3 naHHOcmu, npu3 Haoan, nmo Mbi nuicoeda ne cmonceM 6bimb nonnoembw oco3 naHHbiMu.

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474 1 /iaBa 5. njiaHbi ypoKOB PO AnT

•

,

CMUpeuue nomouy nmo HUKIHO uuKozdd ne nowem e Mepe oco3 Hatnb ece Mnozoo6pd 3ue ( fidKmopoe, Komopme OKU 3 vi6 awm enusiHue na HUM onmm e Hdcmoxmuu MOMenm epeMenu Ha -

HUM

Heo6xoduMO

nojiHou

.

Ham M03r MO CCT oco3HaBaTb Mbic/ib, nyBCTBO, omymeHMe MTIM ^ npe cTaBneHPie Ka^c bie 5 MC, HTO aeT HaM TeopeTMHecKyio B03MO>KHOCTb oco3HaBaTb 8 pa3/iMHHbix nepoKMBaHMii Ha npoTH ^ceHMM OAHOTO Bftoxa. Ho ecTin Mbi nonpo6yeM o6paTMTb BHMMaHne Ha Ka>KAbiM M3 STMX MOMeH TOB, MH He TO /ibKo 6yn;eM omenoMneHbi HecKOHHaeMbiM noTOKOM BnenaT neHMM, HO M MO CeM 3a6 bITb O KO (J) e, KOTOpbIM y ce TOTOB. ^

npMMep,

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^

To, nmo Mbi oco3 HaeM e Kcwcdbiu MOMenm epeMenu — amo ompedaKtnupo eaHuan eepcun ndcmomu,ezo, a ne ezo nodnunnoe npedcmuenenue.

IIpoHMTaMTe cjieflyiomHM TCKCT Bcnyx. npeflCTaBbTe, HTO Bam M03r 3TO TeneBM 3op c noflK /noMeHneM K Tbicflne pa 3HblX KaHa /lOB, XOTfl pea /lbHO OH MO>KeT nOKa 3blBaTb TO/lbKO OflHH KaHa /1 B Ka >KflbM MOMeHT. Bbi6op oTo6 pa >KaeMoro KaHa /ia (T.e. MTO MMCHHO Bbi oco3-

ero nporpaMMa npHHMMaeTCB Ha ocHOBa HHH npom /ioro onbiTa, yHMKa /ibHoro crpoeHMfl Bamero M 03ra M / M /IM MHTeH CMBHOCTM BxoflBii ero CMma /ia MHorfla , B oco6eHHOCTM ec/in Bbi flaBHO He e/in, Haeie B KOHKpeTHbiM MOMeHT) onpefle/i eTCB TeM, HacKonbKo

^ . PemeHMe

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.

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Bam M 03r OTflaeT npeflnoHTeHHe KaHa /iaM c Ky/iMHapHbiMM nporpaMMaMM , Tor

KaK B flpyroe BpeMH OH MOweT 6 biTb HacrpoeH Ha nepeflaHM o npwpofle, B 0C06eHH0 CTH eCJIM Bbi BCnOMHHTe O TOM, KaK Bbi J1K>6 MJ1 M ry/lHTb C 6 a 6ymKOH

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B APyrwx CHTyaMMflx KaHa /ibi o npnpoAe v\ ep,e MmopupyioTCfl, HanpMMep ec/in Bam M03r yoibima/i o npeACTOflmeM TOpHaAO B npomo3e noroAbi!

.

nPMMEHAHME fl/lfl TPEHEPA B COOTBCTCTBHM C HeM poperyJIBTOPHOM MOAe/ibio PO AnT ( CM. ypoK 2), OT6OP nepMenTMBHbix omymeHMM name Bcero npoMcxoAMT Ha 6ecco3HaTe/ibHOM MJIM n 0AC03HaTe/ibH0M ypoBHe ( HanpMMep, Ha ypoBHe CTBO/ia ro/lOBHoro M 03ra, peTMKynnpHOM < j> opMai4 MM ). B npoLjecce OT6opa MaKCMMa /ibHO 6 biCTpo onpeAejineTCB noTeHpMa /ibHoe 3HaMeHne cTMMynoB, KOTopbie npMcyTCTByioT, TOJlbKO B03HMKJ1 M MJ1 M M 3MeHMJlMCb, a T3 K >Ke npOMCXOAMT MX K /iaCCM ( j) MKai4 MB KaK 6e3onacHbix, HeM 3BecTHbix, yrpo>KaioiAMX, o6eiAaiOLAMX B03Harpa >KAeHMe MJIM noAaBBBIOLAMX. TaKMM o6 pa 30M, 3a noporoM Hamero oco3HaHMH nocTOBHHo npoMCXOAflT pa 3H 006 pa 3Hbie npOMeCCbl BOCnpMHTMH M OLjeHKM.

•

Hatue oco3 H (mue menyu ezo

ewdupdemcx U 3 tuupoKozo dud tid 30 tid 3 HdHUMbix unu ednoMundwu uxcH cmuMynoe , XOTfl 6o/IbIHMHCTBO M3 HMX OCTaeTCfl 3a nopOTOM 0C03HaHMH. S CnpocHTe: Hmo eu oco3 Haeme npxMO ceunac? A cemac? A KCIK nacnem ceunac? 06pamume enuManue napa3nunuH e Kancdbiu MOMenm epeMenu.

^ nomenUtUdJibHO

MOMenmd

^

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^

Hanpumep, npunuuax dym, ou yu aeme nu 6 bi cmpyu eodbi na xonce unu ynce nozpyncenbi e nnanupoeanue npedcmoxu ezo dm? Kozda eu edume, owymaeme nu eu exyc nuw,u unu dyMaeme o Hem-mo nocmoponneM ? Kozda 6 BL c KeM -mo pa3Z06 apueaeme, deucmeumenbHO nu eu cnyvuaeme mo, nmo earn zoeopxm, unu npoKpynueaeme 6 zonoee mo, nmo co6upaemecb CKd 3amb? Kozda eu 6ecnoxoumecb, denaeme nu eu smo OCO3 HCIHHO ? ffnx coonadanux npu HOMOU U rK xapaxmepno odocmpennoe outyu eHue

^ ^

•

^

epoHHoemUy KOTopoe name Bcero npoflBTiaeTCH

^

^

B KOMny/ibCMBHbix nonbiT -

6biCTpo peuiMTb npo6neMy ( MTIM noTeHu,ManbHyio npo6/ieMy), a 3aTeM npo^ 6/ieMe, 6e3 OTflbixa. flasaMTe BepHeMCH K Hameii MeTa| < > ope c TeneBMAe HMCM / M03r 0M. Kax

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