แนวทางการดูแลรักษาโรคติดเชื้อเฉียบพลันระบบหายใจในเด็ก [1 ed.] 9786169258742

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3

4

7

8

9

10

11

13

14

no

dysphe 9

dyspneq

17

18

19

Fusobacterium necrophorum Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila (or Chlamydia) pneumoniae

niae

Klebsiella spp.

S. pneumoM. catarrhalis

M. catarrhallis

S. pneumoniae M. catarrhalis S. pneumoniae

30

31

33

34

S. pneumoniae

S. pneumonaie M. catarrhalis S. pneumoniae M. catarrhalis

37

38

S. pneumoniae S. pneumoniae

S. pneumoniae

39

S. pneumoniae

40

M. catarrhalis

41

S. pneumoniae

43

44

47

4

48

S. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae proteus spp.)

7

49 3

3

>

S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis

S. pneumoniae

S. pneumoniae

1

S. aureus

S. viridans, S. aureus S. epidermidis, Fusobacteria, Prevotella, Veil-

M. tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus

1

17

70

71

72

(Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, viral croup)

73

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus Moraxella catarrhalis

o

[D1+]

74

- Bacterial tracheitis

- Acute epiglottitis

- Foreign body aspiration / *

- Retropharyngeal abscess

- Severe allergic reaction

*

75

- Subglottic stenosis

- Laryngeal diphtheria

[D1+] croup score < 4 croup score 4-7 croup score > 7

76

Alberta Medical Association [C1+]

failure)

77

[D1+]

[D1++]

78

[D1+]

[D1+]

[D1-]

[D1-]

1. Corticosteroids

79

[A1+] [A1+

[D1+]

Prednisolone [A1+] Nebulized budesonide

[A2+] [A2+] [D1+]

80

2. Nebulized epinephrine

[A2+]

[D1+]

[D1+]

พ่นซ้ำได้

81

[D1+] [D1+] [D1+]

[A1+] [D1+] [D1+]

score 4-7) [D1++]

[D1+] [D1+]

82

[D1+]

[D1+]

[A1+]

[D1+]

[D1+]

[D1+] [D1+]

83 19,30,67 [D1+]

62-65 [D1+]

84

[D1+]

[D1+]

85

86

87

th

88

89

90

91

92

93

(Acute epiglottitis)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

94 12

8-9,12-13

8-9,12-13

[D1-]

95

[B4+]

[D1+] 8,12-14

retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, uvulitis, bacterial tracheitis

96

8-9,12-14

[D1++] [D1++] [D1++] [D1-] [D1+]

[D1+]

[D1+]

97

8-9,12-13

8-9,12-13,15

[D1++]

98

[D1++]

Haemophilus

99

Haemophilus

100

th

th

th

101

(Bacterial tracheitis)

Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcuspyogenes,

102

1,2,6,7

[D1+]

[D1+/-] [D1+]

103

Viral croup

Acute epiglottitis9 “tripod position”

Laryngitis Diphtheria

104

[D1+]

[D1+] [D1-]

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, [D1+]

1,5,7,12,13

105

th

106

107

(Acute bronchitis)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

108

Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumoniae

Mycoplasma Moraxella

catarrhalis 9

Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum

2

109 1-6,9-10

110

111

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

[D1+/-]

112 [D1+]

113

[D1+] [D1+] [D1+/-] [D1--]

[D1+/-]

[D1+]

114

th

th

115

th

116

cus pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae

StreptococStaphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae,

117

C. trachomatis

118

119

[D1+]

[B2+]

[B1+/-]

120

S. pneumoniae [B2+]

[B1++]

[B2--]

121

[C1+] [C1++] [B4++] S. pneumoniae

[B2+/-]

[C1+] M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae

C. trachomatis

[B2+] M. pneumoniae

C. pneumoniae [B2+/-]

122

[B2+]

[B2+]

[C1+/-] [D1+] 19,20

123

124 19,20,44

[D1+]

S. aureus

125 20

[D1++] [B4++]

[D1+] [D1+]

126

[D1+] [D1+/-]

[A2-]

[D1+] [D1+] [D1++]

[D1++]

127

[D1+] [D1-]

[A1+]

128

57

[D1+] 19,20,56,57

[A1+] [D1+] [D1+]

S. pneumoniae M. pneumoniae

C. pneumoniae [B2+]

129

[D1+] C. trachomatis [D1+]

130

131

[B2+]

132

133

S. aureus [D1+]

M. pneumoniae

C. pneumoniae

S. pneumoniae S. pneumoniae

[B2+]

[D1++] S. aureus [D1+]

134 20,56

[D1+] [B4+/-]

S. pneumoniae

S. aureus S. aureus

135

[D1+] S. aureus

S. pneumoniae

[D1+] 20

S. pneumoniae

S. aureus

136

S. aureus Mycoplasma pneumoniae

[A1+] [A1+] [D1+/-]

137

138

139

140

hare

141

142

143

th

144

st

th

145

Streptococcus coccus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae

146

2-5 [D1+]

[C1+/-]

147

CT chest)

[D1+]

[C1+]

[B3+]

[C1+]

[C1+/-] [C1+] [C1+/-]

148

[C1++]

[C1+]

[C1+]

[C1+]

[D1+]

149

[D1+/-]

2-4

[D1+] [D1++] [D1+]

[D1+] 2,5-7

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus [C1++]

150

[C1++] [B3++]

[D1+] [D1+] 2,5,11

[D1+]

[D1+] 2,5,11-13

[C1+/-] [D1+]

151

[D1+] [D1+] [D1++]

2,3,5,13-15

[B1+/-]

152

2,14,18-20 [C1+]

2,5

[D1+]

[D1+]

[D1+]

153

154

155

(Wheeze)

156

2

157

158

159

160

161

(Acute bronchiolitis)

162

[B1+]

[B1+]

164

165

[D1+] 4

2

[A1++] [A2+]

[D1++]

[D1++]

166

Epinephrine [A1+-]

167

[A1+]

[A1-]

[A2+]

168

[A1-]

169

[A1++]

[A1+] [A2++]

170

[A2++] [A2+]

[A1+]

2

171

172

174

175

176

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae

177

178

[D1+]

[A1++]

179

[B1+]

[A2+/-]

[B1+]

[B1+]

180

181

182