Table of contents :
Pravesha-1......Page 1
Pravesha-2......Page 11
Pravesha-3......Page 17
Pravesha-4......Page 26
Pravesha-5......Page 35
Pravesha-6......Page 46
Pravesha-7......Page 55
Pravesha-8......Page 65
Pravesha-9......Page 80
Pravesha-10......Page 93
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1 1 1 « I » 1 1 « i >■ t • I I I • • 1 1 1 1 1 ■ * 1 1 1 1
PRINTED
BOOK
^clause 128 of p.o. Guide, part-1)
r
-J. Ti
a n r z c f t
Q)r. V|
- 1
How to study a language ?
& II
How did we learn our mother tongue? By the simple method of listening and speaking while sitting on our parents’ laps. Infact this is the most natural way to learn a language-listening, speaking, reading and writing. If a person happens to go to a new place where an unknown language is spoken; he picks it up in course of time without much difficulty.
*TKcft II
Jayatu Bharatam - Jayatu Bharati .Victory of Bharata - Victory of Samskrita
SAMSKRITA BHARATI
Similarly, Samskrit can also be learnt. So try to use the words which you will learn in this course, in your daily conversation. Naturally a question crops up-with whom will I speak Samskrit? Don’t worry. At home, in office, amongst your friends, begin to speak in Samskrit. The other people who will listen to you will also pick it up in course of time.
Sam skrit Through C orresp on d en ce ‘Aksharam’ 8th cross, Girinagar II Phase Bangalore-560 085
‘Where do I begin from?” - let this query not worry you. Begin with simple sentences. Mama nama - (My name is ...) Bhavatah nama kim? (What is your (masc.) name?) Bhavatyah nama kim? (What is your (fem) name?)
PRAVESA (First S essio n ) TT3": - Prathamah Pathah
By this you’ll progress fast. The lessons you will learn in this course must be used orally.
Dear Participant,
Don’t hesitate while conversing. Right or wrong say it with confidence. In course of time, the errors committed will be minimal.
in
It is a matter of great delight that you are taking part this Samskrit Education Scheme through
correspondence. We need not again stress the importance of Samskrit. Please set aside at least 20 minutes every day for the study of Samskrit. Study the
Well begun is half done. You have started a good venture - learning Samskrit.
lessons well. If possible, contact some other person participating in the scheme and discuss with him. We sincerely welcome you to this scheme and hope you will distribute the sweetness of Samskrit to other friends.
Good Luck. P IIA i I
PRA-E1
3
2
||
StTC^HT: ^
5T
*r
II
YA
Arabdham uttamajanah na parityajanti.
RA
LA
VA
>
f JNA
SA
Good people do not give up what is started by them. ALPHABET The alphabet consists of 13 Vowels. 3T
3TT
A
A
\ I
f I
E
LR
AI
3T
U
U
SA
SA
I HA
KSA
along with the consonants.
AU
R
R at
ar:
AM
AH
aft
0
¥
Also there is a practice of teaching 2 more letters ST, f"
3
aft
W
V
TRANSLITERATION GUIDE The classification of letters is very scientific and is based on the sound generated from different parts of the
u u ‘E ’ and ‘O ’ are not found in Samskrit.
vocal system and the effort applied for pronuncing them. It
aft, aft are called Diphthongs.
writing. Hence we are giving here a Transliteration
may be difficult to communicate the pronunciation in
^ - This alphabet is usually not used in other languages.
Guide
which
gives
English
equivalent
(or
nearest)
pronunciation to the Samskrit letters. This Transliteration Consonants (33)-
Guide is of International Standard and the same is given W
3FT KA
KHA
GA
Z TA
TA
JA
f JHA
Z
¥
Z
THA
DA
DHA
*T
z
THA
DA
DHA
?
V
CHA
T PA PRA-E1
NA VOWELS
¥ CA
GHA
here for the benefit of the participants.
PHA
BA
3T
or NA •T
BHA
3T
a as in up, rural.
3TT
a as in father.
I
i as in fill, lily.
i
i as in feed, meet.
'T
u as in full, bush.
NA
NA IT MA
u as in fool, tool. r
as
in
Chr(i)stmas,
where
the
i
is
not
pronounced. PRA-E1
4 5
r is the prolongation of the r. 1 as in fl(i)p when the i is not pronounced. These three r, r and } are vowels, to be carefully distinguished from the consonants r(a) and 1(a) ^
e as in prey, they (always long).
^
ai as in the word I.
aft
o as in go, store.
—
m as in glum.
5
h as in the exclamation ah where the h is heard.
5
th as in putting (the word used in golf)-
^
d as in double.
3"
dh as in adhere when it is not pronounced as two words but as one with a heavy dh. n as in hunting.
CONSONANTS (The vowel a is added to the Samskrit letters.)
rT
t as in path.
*T
th as in third.
^
d as in that. dh pronounced with a deep expiration!
•T
n as in in, nut.
T
p as in punish.
’JT
ph as in impose where the p is harder.
3"
b as in but.
37
k as in come, seek.
^
kh as in khaki.
*T
g as in girl.
*T
m as in mud.
gh as in aghast.
*T
y as in loyal.
W
ri as in monkey, puncture.
T
r as in rub.
^
c as in chum.
6
1 as in luck,
6
ch as in Churchhill when it is not pronounced as
bh as in abhor.
v as in verb.
two words but the second ch is sounded with a
3T
s as in shirt.
special stress.
*
s as in sharp.
'ST
j as in jump.
*T
s as in servant,
f
jh pronounced jjjjjhah, with a forceful expiration
f
h as in her.
with hah. When ( ^ ) sign is used below the consonant, it should 51
n as in sinje. t as in term.
be pronounced as half a syllable. Ex. f = K PRA-E1
7 6
TO
VOWEL SIGNS (GUNITA’S) -
T
f
a
a
i
t
o
I
U
>
lr
e
ai
0
^T
fa
^r
ka
ki
ki
It
%
ke
kai
OU
u
C. r
—
♦ ♦
m
h
kna
sna
ghna
dva
sva
** tva
dhya
ska
dda
¥
TO
e r
TO
TO
kma
cca
ghya
These conjuncts are given for practice. They will be firmly fixed in your mind through reading them again and again in the lessons.
ka
f ku
*
ku
f kr
f kr
WORDS Words are formed by the combination of syllables.
klr
%
ko
Ex.
kau kam kah
devah ^
atma
balah
pathati
- This is not wide in usage. Some words are monosyllabic, i.e., one syllable forms a word-
CONJUNCT CONSONANTS Two or m ore consonants joined without the intervention of vowels, make conjunct consonants. Ex:^+*T=rJT t + ma = tm a
^ s + na = sna
^
Ex. W. sah
A sentence is normaly formed by two or more words. Ex.
sq-
PT
TO
kka
grya
vya
dga
sya
ca SENTENCE
Some more Conjunct consonantsFT
kah
^
t + r + ya = trya
W
^
^
I
Balah pathati.
#ETT
I
Sita gayati.
tsa 1. SENTENCES
kta
TO
sT
gla
vra
W dma
TO
ktva
gva
sea
dya
Third Person sra
tsna
Present Tense
TO
Wf
1.
sla
tsya
2. R l^ :
(Prathama Purusa in Samskrit)
I Balah pathati = The boy reads. I Sisyah namati = The pupil salutes. PRA-E1
PRA-E1
8
3. SHtl'-'l* 4.
I Agrajah vadati = The elder brother speaks. I Janakah pasyati = The father looks.
5.
I Pitrvyah prcchati = The paternal uncle asks.
6.
I Putrah gacchati = The son goes.
9
28. f*r?
i Mitraiii yacchati = The friend gives.
29. ^ 7 ^Rf^" I Jalam sravati = The water oozes. 30. ^
I Tat patati = It falls. EXERCISE
7. z m t vTRl% I Asvah dhavati = The horse runs. 8.
I Vrksah phalati = The tree bears fruits.
9.
I Sevakah tisthati = The servant stands.
10.
I Bhiksukah atati = The beggar wanders.
11. W.
I Sah nindati = He censures.
12. 3PT
I Ayam hasati = This person laughs.
13. 3TRT
! Amba pacati = The mother cooks.
(A) Give suitable Verbs to the following words selecting them from the above sentences. Ex. Pautrah = Grandson; Pautrah prcchati. 1. H \ m $ l Matamahah = M other’s father. 2.
Svasurah = Father-in-law.
3.
Matulah = Maternal uncle.
14. 3TJ3TT sfkfri I Anuja krldati = The younger sister plays.
4.
15.
s .w
3TT, ^ and ®T. The last letter of which is 3T. Similary, the Base ^ll^l consists of ^ K ending. And ^ is '3T^TIT ending. 2. Like all the 3T^TT - ending masculine words, like TUST all the STT^TIT - ending feminine words and like ^ all the 3T^R - ending Neuter words are declined. 3. Generally, verbs of the sentences given in these lessons are to be conjugated like in Present Tense. 4. Except 3 ^ (rT, and (^6*1; 3TRTr (which will be dealt in the future lessons) all other Samskrit words take III Personal endings. No other persons employed.
Nasti padadvayam gadham angam alingati svayam It has neither bone nor head, has arm but no fingers, has no legs and it hugs you tight. W hat is it? (Answer - See the last page) 3. COMPREHENSION
(Under this serial some important points pertaining to Indian culture and history are given in brief. Try to know more details about them.) Vedas are four - Rgveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda and Atharvaveda Each Veda has four parts- 1.
2. sTnsP7^
3.
4. Further vedas are divided into
and 3M 'hlus.
4. INTRODUCTION TO SAMSKRITA LITERATURE
(Under this title, a brief account of the Samskrit literature from vedic to the present times will be given.) Vedas are four- Rgveda is most ancient literary treatise in
2. RIDDLE - y^RHl There are many enigmatic riddles in Samskrit which provide food for one’s intelligence. They are called ‘Prahelikas’ in Samskrit. In this serial, such riddles in verse form are given.
the world. It is divided into 8 Astakas (group of eight chapters) and 10 Mandalas. Rgveda is mainly the veda of prayers, a # :
^ T l (Do not play dice)
(Till
the land). Such sayings of didactic nature are also found in it. PRA-E1
PRA-E1
14
15
Yajurveda has two branches as Sukla Yajurveda and Krsna Yajurveda. Yajurveda contains mantras that are used in the rites of sacrifices. Taittirlya Upanisad belonging to
Where is G od?” The student says- “ Teacher! W here does God not exist? Your kindself may please explain.” Being pleased the teacher says- “ God is all-pervasive. You are wise. Hence, you stay here for study.”
Krsna Yajurveda, contains such well-known teachings as 'FTc*T I (Speak the truth; Perform the religious duty.)
5. W
4>uflHrrt 3^iTR ^ 5 l” i
6. SAMSKRIT SENTENCES OF DAILY USE
^5T jffer I i 3Trr: f ^ T T w r n ^
i”
BUDDfflMAN §ISYAH Kaslnagare ekah Panditah vasati. Panditasamlpam ekah sisyah agacchati. Sisyah vadati - “ Acharya! Vidyabhyasartham aham agatah.” Panditah sisyabuddhipariksartham prcchati- “ Vatsa! Devah kutra asti? . Sisyah vadati- “ Guro! devah kutra nasti? Krpaya bhavan eva samadhanam vadatu” Santustah guruh vadati “ Devah sarvatra asti. Devah sarvavyapl. Twam buddhiman. Atah
Hello ! = {[fa I Salutations = •TOR^' I Good morning = I See you again = 3S3TR:
Good night = ^pHlR 2 I Please = I Don’t worry = R n ii I I Thanks = I
7. SUBHASITAM - *FTTft?r^ (For Memorisation) 3FT f*)'*!*
^frl Mul*1l
I
Ayam nijah paro veti ganana laghucetasam I Udaracaritanarh tu vasudhaiva kutumbakam II Consideration like “ he is mine or he is another’s” occur only to the narrow-minded persons. To the broad minded persons the whole world is a family.
vidyabhyasartham atraiva vasa.” A WISE STUDENT There is a scholar in Kasi. A student comes to him and says- “ Teacher! I have come for study.” In order to test the wisdom of the student, the scholar asks- Dear boy! PR A-E1
- Answer =
- Shirt)
PRA-E 1
Ancient India’s contribution to the world of science
Krfl T O W T
It is usually felt that Ancient India had been only a land of sages, maharajas and philosophers.
P R A V E £A (First S essio n )
JP-W
Besides spiritual philosophies which flowered and flourished; material science like physics, chemistry,
- Prathamah Pathah
mathematics, astronomy, botany etc. were well developed by the first and second centuries.
QUESTIONS 1.
2.
Write the Vowel series (Kagunita) of *T and ^ (Ex.
Mathematics - Mathematics was known even by the
^TT, frf, *ft etc.)
Vedic seers. Arithmetic, algebra, geometry and
Write the following in the Devanagari Script Nayanam, Devalayah, Kamalarii Venunadah, Yamuna, Vighnah
trigonometry have their origin in India. At present decimal system in in practise. The value of numerals vary according to their placement.
3.
Translate the following into Samskrita) A horse runs. (b) This man laughs, c) A flower blooms. (d) Friend gives, e) The younger sister plays.
4.
Ancient Indians knew this science two thousand years ago itself. (--co n td . in the next lesson)
Answer the following in Samskrit1. 37:
?
3. 3T:
1
5. f%
?
2.
3T£f?t ?
4.
ffa ft ? N o te
Please answer the above question paper and send it to the Convener’s address. Answers may be written on separate sheets of paper.
The material provided in the coverpages are not for the examination. PRA-E1
PRA-E1
&
n
A bout our Institution
Jayatu Bharatam - Jayatu Bharati
* S am sk rita Bharati is a R egistered Trust. * It co v ers the w ho le co u n try an d its h ead office is in Delhi. T he g a lo re office is its branch.
n
Ban
.Victory of Bharata - Victory of Samskrita
* It ta k e s m aternal care o f all g ro u p s o f S am sk rit lovers all o v e r India.
SAMSKRITA BHARATI
* It is e x em p ted from inco m e-tax u n d e r the rule 80-G for all p aym ents.
The main objectives * T o teach con versatio n in S am sk rit a nd p rop aga ting Sam skrit through conversation. * T o bring a b o u t social in tegration by m a k in g Sa m skrit a c o m m o n lan g u a g e w ith ou t regard for caste, creed, tradition, language, high o r low status etc.
Sam skrit Through C orrespondence ‘A ksharam ’ 8th cross, Girinagar II Phase B angalore-560 085
* T o re juv en ate Indian culture.
Activities * T o c o n d u c t c a m p s for S a m s k rit co n v e rsatio n for ten day s with tw o h o u rs o f w o rk each day.
PRAVESA (First Session)
* T ra in in g Sam sk rit te achers. * T o raise a g ro u p o f full tim e w o rk e rs w h o are dedicated. * T o start S am skrit trainin g centres a m o n g the n eg lected sections o f the society. * T o p u b l i s h b o o k s a n d p e r p a r e c a s e t t e s r e l a t i n g to S a m s k r i t conversation.
ii t o t :
^
n
K sa n a sa h k a n a sa sc a iv a v id y a m a rth a m c a sa d h a y e t. Every m om ent one should learn, from every bit one should earn.
* T o g iv e S am skrit e du cation by post.
f t # T : TRu
Achievem ents so for
SECOND LESSON
* S am skrit co nv ersatio n is ta u g h t to 18 lakh people. 80 00 te achers have
1. SENTENCES
u n d e rg o n e training. 2 0 0 0 'S a m s k rit h om e s' are built. 2 villages have b een d ecla red 'sam sk rit villages'.
]. f% W T T : te - y p d I C h itra k a ra h lik h an ti = A rtists s k e tc h .
* A u n iq u e m e t h o d is e v o l v e d to te a c h s i m p l e S a m s k r it t h r o u g h conversation.
2. WTUTT:
* T h e H o m e Page' is a v a ila b le rela ting to S a m s k rita B hrati in the c o m p u t e r Internets also.
3 % r : MNfnT I C o ra h d h av a p ti = T h ie v e s run.
M a n y p ro g r a m m e s h a v e been en v isa g e d with an a m bitiou s plan in
4.
o rd e r to ch an g e th e p ostion o f S am sk rit in India before the end o f this cen tu ry and an e x ten s iv e action plan is already on hand.
5.
I B h a ra v a h a h v a h a n ti = P o rte rs c a rry .
P ^ P r i | M u rk h ah n in d a n ti = F o o ls c o n d e m n . I R a ja k a h k sa lay a n ti = W a s h e rm e n w a sh . PRA-E2
3
6.
T aksakahtaksanti = Carpenters do carpentry.
7. JT T W : j Um P t1 | G a y a k a h g ay an ti = S in g ers sing.
8 . 'RTt
I N a ta h n rty a n ti = D a n c e rs d a n c e . I P a c a k a h p a c a n ti = C o o k s co o k .
10. 11. ^
29.
I Imani sphuranti = These shake.
30. W f t Wp^T I Etani patanti = These fall. Verbs in .the above sentences are in the Present Tense, III Person, Plural. EXERCISE
5 W FTprf I Bhaktah dhyayanti = Devotees m editate. ^ n rfn r i E te n a m a n ti = T h e s e p e rs o n s sa lu te .
(A) Give the matching noun forms to the following verbal forms:
12 . ^ fayP?1 I T e jig h ra n ti = T h e y sm ell. 13. PT FRTfnT | Ime smaranti = T hese persons remember. 14. ^
I E te v a d a n ti = T h e s e p e rs o n s sp e a k .
15. S F W
| Andhah gacchanti = The blind persons go.
16. « lP k l: 3i£pci I Badhirah atanti = The deal persons wander. 17.
1. ^rP^T .2. yi